1
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Xin W, Kaneko M, Roth RH, Zhang A, Nocera S, Ding JB, Stryker MP, Chan JR. Oligodendrocytes and myelin limit neuronal plasticity in visual cortex. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07853-8. [PMID: 39169185 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Developmental myelination is a protracted process in the mammalian brain1. One theory for why oligodendrocytes mature so slowly posits that myelination may stabilize neuronal circuits and temper neuronal plasticity as animals age2-4. We tested this theory in the visual cortex, which has a well-defined critical period for experience-dependent neuronal plasticity5. During adolescence, visual experience modulated the rate of oligodendrocyte maturation in visual cortex. To determine whether oligodendrocyte maturation in turn regulates neuronal plasticity, we genetically blocked oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in adolescent mice. In adult mice lacking adolescent oligodendrogenesis, a brief period of monocular deprivation led to a significant decrease in visual cortex responses to the deprived eye, reminiscent of the plasticity normally restricted to adolescence. This enhanced functional plasticity was accompanied by a greater turnover of dendritic spines and coordinated reductions in spine size following deprivation. Furthermore, inhibitory synaptic transmission, which gates experience-dependent plasticity at the circuit level, was diminished in the absence of adolescent oligodendrogenesis. These results establish a critical role for oligodendrocytes in shaping the maturation and stabilization of cortical circuits and support the concept of developmental myelination acting as a functional brake on neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Xin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Megumi Kaneko
- Department of Physiology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard H Roth
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Albert Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Nocera
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Stryker
- Department of Physiology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Gergues MM, Lalani LK, Kheirbek MA. Identifying dysfunctional cell types and circuits in animal models for psychiatric disorders with calcium imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01942-y. [PMID: 39122815 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
A central goal of neuroscience is to understand how the brain transforms external stimuli and internal bodily signals into patterns of activity that underlie cognition, emotional states, and behavior. Understanding how these patterns of activity may be disrupted in mental illness is crucial for developing novel therapeutics. It is well appreciated that psychiatric disorders are complex, circuit-based disorders that arise from dysfunctional activity patterns generated in discrete cell types and their connections. Recent advances in large-scale, cell-type specific calcium imaging approaches have shed new light on the cellular, circuit, and network-level dysfunction in animal models for psychiatric disorders. Here, we highlight a series of recent findings over the last ~10 years from in vivo calcium imaging studies that show how aberrant patterns of activity in discrete cell types and circuits may underlie behavioral deficits in animal models for several psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia. by elucidating cell types and their activity patterns. These advances in calcium imaging in pre-clinical models demonstrate the power of cell-type-specific imaging tools in understanding the underlying dysfunction in cell types, activity patterns, and neural circuits that may contribute to disease and provide new blueprints for developing more targeted therapeutics and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Gergues
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lahin K Lalani
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mazen A Kheirbek
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Yu L, Chen Z, Zhou X, Teng F, Bai QR, Li L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Xu Y, Tang X, Wang X. KARS Mutations Impair Brain Myelination by Inducing Oligodendrocyte Deficiency: One Potential Mechanism and Improvement by Melatonin. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12998. [PMID: 39087379 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
It is very crucial to investigate key molecules that are involved in myelination to gain an understanding of brain development and injury. We have reported for the first time that pathogenic variants p.R477H and p.P505S in KARS, which encodes lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), cause leukoencephalopathy with progressive cognitive impairment in humans. The role and action mechanisms of KARS in brain myelination during development are unknown. Here, we first generated Kars knock-in mouse models through the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Kars knock-in mice displayed significant cognitive deficits. These mice also showed significantly reduced myelin density and content, as well as significantly decreased myelin thickness during development. In addition, Kars mutations significantly induced oligodendrocyte differentiation arrest and reduction in the brain white matter of mice. Mechanically, oligodendrocytes' significantly imbalanced expression of differentiation regulators and increased capase-3-mediated apoptosis were observed in the brain white matter of Kars knock-in mice. Furthermore, Kars mutations significantly reduced the aminoacylation and steady-state level of mitochondrial tRNALys and decreased the protein expression of subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in the brain white matter. Kars knock-in mice showed decreased activity of complex IV and significantly reduced ATP production and increased reactive oxygen species in the brain white matter. Significantly increased percentages of abnormal mitochondria and mitochondrion area were observed in the oligodendrocytes of Kars knock-in mouse brain. Finally, melatonin (a mitochondrion protectant) significantly attenuated mitochondrion and oligodendrocyte deficiency in the brain white matter of KarsR504H/P532S mice. The mice treated with melatonin also showed significantly restored myelination and cognitive function. Our study first establishes Kars knock-in mammal models of leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment and indicates important roles of KARS in the regulation of mitochondria, oligodendrocyte differentiation and survival, and myelination during brain development and application prospects of melatonin in KARS (or even aaRS)-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ran Bai
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Osso LA, Hughes EG. Dynamics of mature myelin. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:1449-1461. [PMID: 38773349 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Myelin, which is produced by oligodendrocytes, insulates axons to facilitate rapid and efficient action potential propagation in the central nervous system. Traditionally viewed as a stable structure, myelin is now known to undergo dynamic modulation throughout life. This Review examines these dynamics, focusing on two key aspects: (1) the turnover of myelin, involving not only the renewal of constituents but the continuous wholesale replacement of myelin membranes; and (2) the structural remodeling of pre-existing, mature myelin, a newly discovered form of neural plasticity that can be stimulated by external factors, including neuronal activity, behavioral experience and injury. We explore the mechanisms regulating these dynamics and speculate that myelin remodeling could be driven by an asymmetry in myelin turnover or reactivation of pathways involved in myelin formation. Finally, we outline how myelin remodeling could have profound impacts on neural function, serving as an integral component of behavioral adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Osso
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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5
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Baudouin L, Adès N, Kanté K, Bachelin C, Hmidan H, Deboux C, Panic R, Ben Messaoud R, Velut Y, Hamada S, Pionneau C, Duarte K, Poëa-Guyon S, Barnier JV, Nait Oumesmar B, Bouslama-Oueghlani L. Antagonistic actions of PAK1 and NF2/Merlin drive myelin membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2024; 72:1518-1540. [PMID: 38794866 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the formation of myelin by oligodendrocytes (OLs) relies on the switch from the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton to its depolymerization. The molecular mechanisms that trigger this switch have yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a major regulator of actin depolymerization in OLs. Our results demonstrate that PAK1 accumulates in OLs in a kinase-inhibited form, triggering actin disassembly and, consequently, myelin membrane expansion. Remarkably, proteomic analysis of PAK1 binding partners enabled the identification of NF2/Merlin as its endogenous inhibitor. Our findings indicate that Nf2 knockdown in OLs results in PAK1 activation, actin polymerization, and a reduction in OL myelin membrane expansion. This effect is rescued by treatment with a PAK1 inhibitor. We also provide evidence that the specific Pak1 loss-of-function in oligodendroglia stimulates the thickening of myelin sheaths in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that the antagonistic actions of PAK1 and NF2/Merlin on the actin cytoskeleton of the OLs are critical for proper myelin formation. These findings have broad mechanistic and therapeutic implications in demyelinating diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Adès
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kadia Kanté
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Bachelin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hatem Hmidan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Al-Quds University, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Radmila Panic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Ben Messaoud
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yoan Velut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Hamada
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Duarte
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sandrine Poëa-Guyon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lamia Bouslama-Oueghlani
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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6
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Kubota E, Yan X, Tung S, Fascendini B, Tyagi C, Duhameau S, Ortiz D, Grotheer M, Natu VS, Keil B, Grill-Spector K. White matter connections of human ventral temporal cortex are organized by cytoarchitecture, eccentricity, and category-selectivity from birth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605705. [PMID: 39131283 PMCID: PMC11312531 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Category-selective regions in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) have a consistent anatomical organization, which is hypothesized to be scaffolded by white matter connections. However, it is unknown how white matter connections are organized from birth. Here, we scanned newborn to 6-month-old infants and adults and used a data-driven approach to determine the organization of the white matter connections of VTC. We find that white matter connections are organized by cytoarchitecture, eccentricity, and category from birth. Connectivity profiles of functional regions in the same cytoarchitectonic area are similar from birth and develop in parallel, with decreases in endpoint connectivity to lateral occipital, and parietal, and somatosensory cortex, and increases to lateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, connections between VTC and early visual cortex are organized topographically by eccentricity bands and predict eccentricity biases in VTC. These data have important implications for theories of cortical functional development and open new possibilities for understanding typical and atypical white matter development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kubota
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sarah Tung
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bella Fascendini
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Peretsmfan Scully Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Christina Tyagi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophie Duhameau
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Danya Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mareike Grotheer
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Frankfurter Str. 35, Marburg 35037, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior – CMBB, Universities of Marburg, Giessen, and Darmstadt, Marburg 35039, Germany
| | - Vaidehi S. Natu
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Boris Keil
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior – CMBB, Universities of Marburg, Giessen, and Darmstadt, Marburg 35039, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, TH Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen 35390, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Str., Marburg 35043, Germany
- LOEWE Research Cluster for Advanced Medical Physics in Imaging and Therapy (ADMIT), TH Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, 288 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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7
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Takemura H, Kruper JA, Miyata T, Rokem A. Tractometry of Human Visual White Matter Pathways in Health and Disease. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024; 23:316-340. [PMID: 38866532 PMCID: PMC11234945 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2024-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) provides a unique non-invasive view of human brain tissue properties. The present review article focuses on tractometry analysis methods that use dMRI to assess the properties of brain tissue within the long-range connections comprising brain networks. We focus specifically on the major white matter tracts that convey visual information. These connections are particularly important because vision provides rich information from the environment that supports a large range of daily life activities. Many of the diseases of the visual system are associated with advanced aging, and tractometry of the visual system is particularly important in the modern aging society. We provide an overview of the tractometry analysis pipeline, which includes a primer on dMRI data acquisition, voxelwise model fitting, tractography, recognition of white matter tracts, and calculation of tract tissue property profiles. We then review dMRI-based methods for analyzing visual white matter tracts: the optic nerve, optic tract, optic radiation, forceps major, and vertical occipital fasciculus. For each tract, we review background anatomical knowledge together with recent findings in tractometry studies on these tracts and their properties in relation to visual function and disease. Overall, we find that measurements of the brain's visual white matter are sensitive to a range of disorders and correlate with perceptual abilities. We highlight new and promising analysis methods, as well as some of the current barriers to progress toward integration of these methods into clinical practice. These barriers, such as variability in measurements between protocols and instruments, are targets for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Takemura
- Division of Sensory and Cognitive Brain Mapping, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - John A Kruper
- Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Toshikazu Miyata
- Division of Sensory and Cognitive Brain Mapping, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ariel Rokem
- Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Song J, Saglam A, Zuchero JB, Buch VP. Translating Molecular Approaches to Oligodendrocyte-Mediated Neurological Circuit Modulation. Brain Sci 2024; 14:648. [PMID: 39061389 PMCID: PMC11275066 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits remarkable adaptability throughout life, enabled by intricate interactions between neurons and glial cells, in particular, oligodendrocytes (OLs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This adaptability is pivotal for learning and memory, with OLs and OPCs playing a crucial role in neural circuit development, synaptic modulation, and myelination dynamics. Myelination by OLs not only supports axonal conduction but also undergoes adaptive modifications in response to neuronal activity, which is vital for cognitive processing and memory functions. This review discusses how these cellular interactions and myelin dynamics are implicated in various neurocircuit diseases and disorders such as epilepsy, gliomas, and psychiatric conditions, focusing on how maladaptive changes contribute to disease pathology and influence clinical outcomes. It also covers the potential for new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological strategies and emerging biomarkers in oligodendrocyte functions and myelination processes. The evidence supports a fundamental role for myelin plasticity and oligodendrocyte functionality in synchronizing neural activity and high-level cognitive functions, offering promising avenues for targeted interventions in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Song
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Aybike Saglam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.S.); (J.B.Z.)
| | - J. Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.S.); (J.B.Z.)
| | - Vivek P. Buch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (A.S.); (J.B.Z.)
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9
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Emery B, Wood TL. Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041358. [PMID: 38503504 PMCID: PMC11146316 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Myelination has evolved as a mechanism to ensure fast and efficient propagation of nerve impulses along axons. Within the central nervous system (CNS), myelination is carried out by highly specialized glial cells, oligodendrocytes. The formation of myelin is a prolonged aspect of CNS development that occurs well into adulthood in humans, continuing throughout life in response to injury or as a component of neuroplasticity. The timing of myelination is tightly tied to the generation of oligodendrocytes through the differentiation of their committed progenitors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which reside throughout the developing and adult CNS. In this article, we summarize our current understanding of some of the signals and pathways that regulate the differentiation of OPCs, and thus the myelination of CNS axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Teresa L Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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10
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Yalçın B, Pomrenze MB, Malacon K, Drexler R, Rogers AE, Shamardani K, Chau IJ, Taylor KR, Ni L, Contreras-Esquivel D, Malenka RC, Monje M. Myelin plasticity in the ventral tegmental area is required for opioid reward. Nature 2024; 630:677-685. [PMID: 38839962 PMCID: PMC11186775 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
All drugs of abuse induce long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission and neural circuit function that underlie substance-use disorders1,2. Another recently appreciated mechanism of neural circuit plasticity is mediated through activity-regulated changes in myelin that can tune circuit function and influence cognitive behaviour3-7. Here we explore the role of myelin plasticity in dopaminergic circuitry and reward learning. We demonstrate that dopaminergic neuronal activity-regulated myelin plasticity is a key modulator of dopaminergic circuit function and opioid reward. Oligodendroglial lineage cells respond to dopaminergic neuronal activity evoked by optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons, optogenetic inhibition of GABAergic neurons, or administration of morphine. These oligodendroglial changes are evident selectively within the ventral tegmental area but not along the axonal projections in the medial forebrain bundle nor within the target nucleus accumbens. Genetic blockade of oligodendrogenesis dampens dopamine release dynamics in nucleus accumbens and impairs behavioural conditioning to morphine. Taken together, these findings underscore a critical role for oligodendrogenesis in reward learning and identify dopaminergic neuronal activity-regulated myelin plasticity as an important circuit modification that is required for opioid reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Yalçın
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew B Pomrenze
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen Malacon
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard Drexler
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Abigail E Rogers
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle J Chau
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R Taylor
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert C Malenka
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Gronseth JR, Nelson HN, Johnson TL, Mallon TA, Martell MR, Pfaffenbach KA, Duxbury BB, Henke JT, Treichel AJ, Hines JH. Synaptic vesicle release regulates pre-myelinating oligodendrocyte-axon interactions in a neuron subtype-specific manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1386352. [PMID: 38841202 PMCID: PMC11150666 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1386352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte-lineage cells are central nervous system (CNS) glia that perform multiple functions including the selective myelination of some but not all axons. During myelination, synaptic vesicle release from axons promotes sheath stabilization and growth on a subset of neuron subtypes. In comparison, it is unknown if pre-myelinating oligodendrocyte process extensions selectively interact with specific neural circuits or axon subtypes, and whether the formation and stabilization of these neuron-glia interactions involves synaptic vesicle release. In this study, we used fluorescent reporters in the larval zebrafish model to track pre-myelinating oligodendrocyte process extensions interacting with spinal axons utilizing in vivo imaging. Monitoring motile oligodendrocyte processes and their interactions with individually labeled axons revealed that synaptic vesicle release regulates the behavior of subsets of process extensions. Specifically, blocking synaptic vesicle release decreased the longevity of oligodendrocyte process extensions interacting with reticulospinal axons. Furthermore, blocking synaptic vesicle release increased the frequency that new interactions formed and retracted. In contrast, tracking the movements of all process extensions of singly-labeled oligodendrocytes revealed that synaptic vesicle release does not regulate overall process motility or exploratory behavior. Blocking synaptic vesicle release influenced the density of oligodendrocyte process extensions interacting with reticulospinal and serotonergic axons, but not commissural interneuron or dopaminergic axons. Taken together, these data indicate that alterations to synaptic vesicle release cause changes to oligodendrocyte-axon interactions that are neuron subtype specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacob H. Hines
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, United States
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12
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Huang R, Carter ER, Hughes EG, Welle CG. Paired vagus nerve stimulation drives precise remyelination and motor recovery after myelin loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593609. [PMID: 38766201 PMCID: PMC11100833 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Myelin loss in the central nervous system can cause permanent motor or cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). While current immunotherapy treatments decrease the frequency of demyelinating episodes, they do not promote myelin repair or functional recovery. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy which enhances neuroplasticity and the recovery of motor function after stroke, but its effects on myelin repair are not known. To determine if VNS influences myelin repair, we applied VNS following a demyelinating injury and measured longitudinal myelin dynamics and functional recovery. We found that VNS promotes remyelination by increasing the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Pairing VNS with a skilled reach task leads to the regeneration of myelin sheaths on previously myelinated axon segments, enhancing the restoration of the original pattern of myelination. Moreover, the magnitude of sheath pattern restoration correlates with long-term motor functional improvement. Together, these results suggest that recovery of the myelin sheath pattern is a key factor in the restoration of motor function following myelin loss and identify paired VNS as a potential remyelination therapy to treat demyelinating diseases.
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13
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Khelfaoui H, Ibaceta-Gonzalez C, Angulo MC. Functional myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:181. [PMID: 38615095 PMCID: PMC11016012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In vertebrates, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of neurons. The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in the transmission of neuronal information by promoting the rapid saltatory conduction of action potentials and providing neurons with structural and metabolic support. Saltatory conduction, first described in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is now generally recognized as a universal evolutionary innovation to respond quickly to the environment: myelin helps us think and act fast. Nevertheless, the role of myelin in the central nervous system, especially in the brain, may not be primarily focused on accelerating conduction speed but rather on ensuring precision. Its principal function could be to coordinate various neuronal networks, promoting their synchronization through oscillations (or rhythms) relevant for specific information processing tasks. Interestingly, myelin has been directly involved in different types of cognitive processes relying on brain oscillations, and myelin plasticity is currently considered to be part of the fundamental mechanisms for memory formation and maintenance. However, despite ample evidence showing the involvement of myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by cognitive impairments, the link between myelin, brain oscillations, cognition and disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we aim to highlight what is known and what remains to be explored to understand the role of myelin in high order brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasni Khelfaoui
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cristobal Ibaceta-Gonzalez
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
- GHU-PARIS Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France.
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14
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Anderson JAE, Yurtsever A, Fisher-Skau O, Cherep LA, MacPhee I, Luk G, Grundy JG. Examining the consistency in bilingualism and white matter research: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2024; 195:108801. [PMID: 38244768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between bilingualism, age, L2 onset age of acquisition (AoA), and white matter integrity (operationalized as fractional anisotropy, FA), addressing inconsistencies in the literature. We conducted a meta-analysis of 23 studies and used meta-regression models to assess the influence of age and L2AoA on effect sizes in studies comparing monolinguals and bilinguals. Even though the overall between-group effect size across the whole brain was unreliable, bilingualism was associated with increased white matter integrity in specific tracts and in groups with a limited range of age and L2AoA. Age had a small, negative effect on white matter integrity, with differences between monolinguals and bilinguals more pronounced in younger adults, consistent with a view of an initial increase in white matter integrity, followed by remodeling for efficiency over time. In contrast, later L2AoA was associated with greater white matter integrity in bilinguals than monolinguals, again consistent with the remodeling for efficiency model. Our findings highlight the importance of considering age and L2AoA when examining the neural basis of bilingualism on white matter in the brain and how bilingualism contributes to structural changes that stave off cognitive decline in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A E Anderson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Department of Psychology, Canada.
| | | | - Odin Fisher-Skau
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | | | - Imola MacPhee
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Gigi Luk
- Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - John G Grundy
- Iowa State University, Department of Psychology, USA
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15
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Hernandez DP, Cruz DM, Martinez CS, Garcia LM, Figueroa A, Villarreal M, Manoj LM, Lopez S, López-Lorenzo KD, López-Juárez A. Gender-Specific Fine Motor Skill Learning Is Impaired by Myelin-Targeted Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:477. [PMID: 38339230 PMCID: PMC10854893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. The clinical presentation of NF1 includes diverse neurological issues in pediatric and adult patients, ranging from learning disabilities, motor skill issues, and attention deficit disorder, to increased risk of depression and dementia. Preclinical research suggests that abnormal neuronal signaling mediates spatial learning and attention issues in NF1; however, drugs that improve phenotypes in models show inconclusive results in clinical trials, highlighting the need for a better understanding of NF1 pathophysiology and broader therapeutic options. Most NF1 patients show abnormalities in their brain white matter (WM) and myelin, and links with NF1 neuropathophysiology have been suggested; however, no current data can clearly support or refute this idea. We reported that myelin-targeted Nf1 mutation impacts oligodendrocyte signaling, myelin ultrastructure, WM connectivity, and sensory-motor behaviors in mice; however, any impact on learning and memory remains unknown. Here, we adapted a voluntary running test-the complex wheel (CW; a wheel with unevenly spaced rungs)-to delineate fine motor skill learning curves following induction of an Nf1 mutation in pre-existing myelinating cells (pNf1 mice). We found that pNf1 mutant females experience delayed or impaired learning in the CW, while proper learning in pNf1 males is predominantly disrupted; these phenotypes add complexity to the gender-dependent learning differences in the mouse strain used. No broad differences in memory of acquired CW skills were detected in any gender, but gene-dose effects were observed at the studied time points. Finally, nitric oxide signaling regulation differentially impacted learning in wild type (WT)/pNf1, male/female mice. Our results provide evidence for fine motor skill learning issues upon induction of an Nf1 mutation in mature myelinating cells. Together with previous connectivity, cellular, and molecular analyses, these results diversify the potential treatments for neurological issues in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella P. Hernandez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Daniela M. Cruz
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Celeste S. Martinez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Larisa M. Garcia
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Ashley Figueroa
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Marisol Villarreal
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Liya M. Manoj
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Saul Lopez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | | | - Alejandro López-Juárez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
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16
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Iyer M, Kantarci H, Cooper MH, Ambiel N, Novak SW, Andrade LR, Lam M, Jones G, Münch AE, Yu X, Khakh BS, Manor U, Zuchero JB. Oligodendrocyte calcium signaling promotes actin-dependent myelin sheath extension. Nat Commun 2024; 15:265. [PMID: 38177161 PMCID: PMC10767123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelin is essential for rapid nerve signaling and is increasingly found to play important roles in learning and in diverse diseases of the CNS. Morphological parameters of myelin such as sheath length are thought to precisely tune conduction velocity, but the mechanisms controlling sheath morphology are poorly understood. Local calcium signaling has been observed in nascent myelin sheaths and can be modulated by neuronal activity. However, the role of calcium signaling in sheath formation remains incompletely understood. Here, we use genetic tools to attenuate oligodendrocyte calcium signaling during myelination in the developing mouse CNS. Surprisingly, genetic calcium attenuation does not grossly affect the number of myelinated axons or myelin thickness. Instead, calcium attenuation causes myelination defects resulting in shorter, dysmorphic sheaths. Mechanistically, calcium attenuation reduces actin filaments in oligodendrocytes, and an intact actin cytoskeleton is necessary and sufficient to achieve accurate myelin morphology. Together, our work reveals a cellular mechanism required for accurate CNS myelin formation and may provide mechanistic insight into how oligodendrocytes respond to neuronal activity to sculpt and refine myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Husniye Kantarci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Madeline H Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Ambiel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo R Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Münch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xinzhu Yu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Kent SA, Miron VE. Microglia regulation of central nervous system myelin health and regeneration. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:49-63. [PMID: 37452201 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system that have key functions in its development, homeostasis and response to damage and infection. Although microglia have been increasingly implicated in contributing to the pathology that underpins neurological dysfunction and disease, they also have crucial roles in neurological homeostasis and regeneration. This includes regulation of the maintenance and regeneration of myelin, the membrane that surrounds neuronal axons, which is required for axonal health and function. Myelin is damaged with normal ageing and in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Given the lack of approved therapies targeting myelin maintenance or regeneration, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which microglia support and restore myelin health to identify potential therapeutic approaches. However, the mechanisms by which microglia regulate myelin loss or integrity are still being uncovered. In this Review, we discuss recent work that reveals the changes in white matter with ageing and neurodegenerative disease, how this relates to microglia dynamics during myelin damage and regeneration, and factors that influence the regenerative functions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Kent
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Yellajoshyula D. Transcriptional regulatory network for neuron-glia interactions and its implication for DYT6 dystonia. DYSTONIA (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:11796. [PMID: 38737544 PMCID: PMC11087070 DOI: 10.3389/dyst.2023.11796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies have identified novel genes associated with inherited forms of dystonia, providing valuable insights into its genetic basis and revealing diverse genetic pathways and mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology. Since identifying genetic variation in the transcription factor coding THAP1 gene linked to isolated dystonia, numerous investigations have employed transcriptomic studies in DYT-THAP1 models to uncover pathogenic molecular mechanisms underlying dystonia. This review examines key findings from transcriptomic studies conducted on in vivo and in vitro DYT-THAP1 models, which demonstrate that the THAP1-regulated transcriptome is diverse and cell-specific, yet it is bound and co-regulated by a common set of proteins. Prominent among its functions, THAP1 and its co-regulatory network target molecular pathways critical for generating myelinating oligodendrocytes that ensheath axons and generate white matter in the central nervous system. Several lines of investigation have demonstrated the importance of myelination and oligodendrogenesis in motor function during development and in adults, emphasizing the non-cell autonomous contributions of glial cells to neural circuits involved in motor function. Further research on the role of myelin abnormalities in motor deficits in DYT6 models will enhance our understanding of axon-glia interactions in dystonia pathophysiology and provide potential therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways.
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19
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Kogan E, Lu J, Zuo Y. Cortical circuit dynamics underlying motor skill learning: from rodents to humans. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1292685. [PMID: 37965043 PMCID: PMC10641381 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1292685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor learning is crucial for the survival of many animals. Acquiring a new motor skill involves complex alterations in both local neural circuits in many brain regions and long-range connections between them. Such changes can be observed anatomically and functionally. The primary motor cortex (M1) integrates information from diverse brain regions and plays a pivotal role in the acquisition and refinement of new motor skills. In this review, we discuss how motor learning affects the M1 at synaptic, cellular, and circuit levels. Wherever applicable, we attempt to relate and compare findings in humans, non-human primates, and rodents. Understanding the underlying principles shared by different species will deepen our understanding of the neurobiological and computational basis of motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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20
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Shimizu T, Nayar SG, Swire M, Jiang Y, Grist M, Kaller M, Sampaio Baptista C, Bannerman DM, Johansen-Berg H, Ogasawara K, Tohyama K, Li H, Richardson WD. Oligodendrocyte dynamics dictate cognitive performance outcomes of working memory training in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6499. [PMID: 37838794 PMCID: PMC10576739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that motor skill learning stimulates and requires generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) from their precursor cells (OLPs) in the brains of adult mice. In the present study we ask whether OL production is also required for non-motor learning and cognition, using T-maze and radial-arm-maze tasks that tax spatial working memory. We find that maze training stimulates OLP proliferation and OL production in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior corpus callosum (genu), dorsal thalamus and hippocampal formation of adult male mice; myelin sheath formation is also stimulated in the genu. Genetic blockade of OL differentiation and neo-myelination in Myrf conditional-knockout mice strongly impairs training-induced improvements in maze performance. We find a strong positive correlation between the performance of individual wild type mice and the scale of OLP proliferation and OL generation during training, but not with the number or intensity of c-Fos+ neurons in their mPFC, underscoring the important role played by OL lineage cells in cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stuart G Nayar
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew Swire
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yi Jiang
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew Grist
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Malte Kaller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Cassandra Sampaio Baptista
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 62 Hillhead Street, G12 8QB, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Katsutoshi Ogasawara
- Technical Support Center for Life Science Research, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahabacho, Shiwa-gun, Morioka, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Koujiro Tohyama
- Department of Physiology, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahabacho, Shiwa-gun, Morioka, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Huiliang Li
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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21
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Ferrari Bardile C, Radulescu CI, Pouladi MA. Oligodendrocyte pathology in Huntington's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:802-816. [PMID: 37591764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLGs), highly specialized glial cells that wrap axons with myelin sheaths, are critical for brain development and function. There is new recognition of the role of OLGs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Huntington's disease (HD), a prototypic NDD caused by a polyglutamine tract expansion in huntingtin (HTT), which results in gain- and loss-of-function effects. Clinically, HD is characterized by a constellation of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disturbances. White matter (WM) structures, representing myelin-rich regions of the brain, are profoundly affected in HD, and recent findings reveal oligodendroglia dysfunction as an early pathological event. Here, we focus on mechanisms that underlie oligodendroglial deficits and dysmyelination in the progression of the disease, highlighting the pathogenic contributions of mutant HTT (mHTT). We also discuss potential therapeutic implications involving these molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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22
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Doss GA, Radecki DZ, Kethireddy A, Reilly MJ, Pohly AE, August BK, Duncan ID, Samanta J. Wobbly hedgehog syndrome- a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114520. [PMID: 37634698 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS) has been long considered to be a myelin disease primarily affecting the four-toed hedgehog. In this study, we have shown for the first time that demyelination is accompanied by extensive remyelination in WHS. However, remyelination is not enough to compensate for the axonal degeneration and neuronal loss, resulting in a progressive neurodegenerative disease reminiscent of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. Thus, understanding the pathological features of WHS may shed light on the disease progression in progressive MS and ultimately help to develop therapeutic strategies for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson A Doss
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Z Radecki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Arya Kethireddy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Madelyn J Reilly
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrea E Pohly
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin K August
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Electron Microscope Facility, USA
| | - Ian D Duncan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jayshree Samanta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA..
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23
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Xin W, Kaneko M, Roth RH, Zhang A, Nocera S, Ding JB, Stryker MP, Chan JR. Adolescent oligodendrogenesis and myelination restrict experience-dependent neuronal plasticity in adult visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560231. [PMID: 37808666 PMCID: PMC10557765 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental myelination is a protracted process in the mammalian brain. One theory for why oligodendrocytes mature so slowly posits that myelination may stabilize neuronal circuits and temper neuronal plasticity as animals age. We tested this hypothesis in the visual cortex, which has a well-defined critical period for experience-dependent neuronal plasticity. OBJECTIVES/METHODS To prevent myelin progression, we conditionally deleted Myrf, a transcription factor necessary for oligodendrocyte maturation, from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (Myrf cKO) in adolescent mice. To induce experience-dependent plasticity, adult control and Myrf cKO mice were monocularly deprived by eyelid suture. Functional and structural neuronal plasticity in the visual cortex were assessed in vivo by intrinsic signal optical imaging and longitudinal two photon imaging of dendritic spines, respectively. RESULTS During adolescence, visual experience modulated the rate of oligodendrocyte maturation in visual cortex. Myrf deletion from oligodendrocyte precursors during adolescence led to inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination that persisted into adulthood. Following monocular deprivation, visual cortex activity in response to visual stimulation of the deprived eye remained stable in adult control mice, as expected for post-critical period animals. By contrast, visual cortex responses to the deprived eye decreased significantly following monocular deprivation in adult Myrf cKO mice, reminiscent of the plasticity observed in adolescent mice. Furthermore, visual cortex neurons in adult Myrf cKO mice had fewer dendritic spines and a higher level of spine turnover. Finally, monocular deprivation induced spatially coordinated spine size decreases in adult Myrf cKO, but not control, mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a critical role for oligodendrocytes in shaping the maturation and stabilization of cortical circuits and support the concept of myelin acting as a brake on neuronal plasticity during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Xin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Megumi Kaneko
- Department of Physiology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Richard H Roth
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University
| | - Albert Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Sonia Nocera
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Jun B Ding
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University
| | - Michael P Stryker
- Department of Physiology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco
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24
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Koskinen MK, Laine M, Abdollahzadeh A, Gigliotta A, Mazzini G, Journée S, Alenius V, Trontti K, Tohka J, Hyytiä P, Sierra A, Hovatta I. Node of Ranvier remodeling in chronic psychosocial stress and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1532-1540. [PMID: 36949148 PMCID: PMC10425340 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Differential expression of myelin-related genes and changes in myelin thickness have been demonstrated in mice after chronic psychosocial stress, a risk factor for anxiety disorders. To determine whether and how stress affects structural remodeling of nodes of Ranvier, another form of myelin plasticity, we developed a 3D reconstruction analysis of node morphology in C57BL/6NCrl and DBA/2NCrl mice. We identified strain-dependent effects of chronic social defeat stress on node morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) gray matter, including shortening of paranodes in C57BL/6NCrl stress-resilient and shortening of node gaps in DBA/2NCrl stress-susceptible mice compared to controls. Neuronal activity has been associated with changes in myelin thickness. To investigate whether neuronal activation is a mechanism influencing also node of Ranvier morphology, we used DREADDs to repeatedly activate the ventral hippocampus-to-mPFC pathway. We found reduced anxiety-like behavior and shortened paranodes specifically in stimulated, but not in the nearby non-stimulated axons. Altogether, our data demonstrate (1) nodal remodeling of the mPFC gray matter axons after chronic stress and (2) axon-specific regulation of paranodes in response to repeated neuronal activity in an anxiety-associated pathway. Nodal remodeling may thus contribute to aberrant circuit function associated with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija-Kreetta Koskinen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikaela Laine
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali Abdollahzadeh
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adrien Gigliotta
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Journée
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Alenius
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Tohka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Hyytiä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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25
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Zhou Y, Zhang J. Neuronal activity and remyelination: new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advancements. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221890. [PMID: 37564376 PMCID: PMC10410458 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia. Although myelin regeneration exists in these diseases, it is often incomplete and cannot promote functional recovery. Therefore, seeking other ways to improve myelin regeneration in clinical trials in recent years is of great significance. Research has shown that controlling neuronal excitability may become a new intervention method for the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases. The article discusses the latest research progress of neuronal activity on myelin regeneration, including direct or indirect stimulation methods, and the related neural signaling pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, purinergic and voltage-gated ion channel signaling pathways, revealing that seeking treatment strategies to promote myelin regeneration through precise regulation of neuronal activity has broad prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Doss GA, Radecki DZ, Kethireddy A, Reilly MJ, Pohly AE, August BK, Duncan ID, Samanta J. Wobbly hedgehog syndrome- a progressive neurodegenerative disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.13.547983. [PMID: 37503221 PMCID: PMC10370039 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.547983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS) has been long considered to be a myelin disease primarily affecting the four-toed hedgehog. In this study, we have shown for the first time that demyelination is accompanied by extensive remyelination in WHS. However, remyelination is not enough to compensate for the axonal degeneration and neuronal loss, resulting in a progressive neurodegenerative disease reminiscent of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. Thus, understanding the pathological features of WHS may shed light on the disease progression in progressive MS and ultimately help to develop therapeutic strategies for both diseases. Highlights Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease.Spongy degeneration of the brain and spinal cord is the diagnostic feature of WHS.WHS affected brain and spinal cord show extensive demyelination and remyelination.Axonal degeneration is accompanied by loss of neurons in WHS.
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27
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Walsh DM. Generic properties of the oligodendrocyte - axon network. Neurosci Lett 2023:137362. [PMID: 37391065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of oligodendrocytes (OLs) extends beyond saltatory conduction to a modulatory role in neural information processing. Given this exalted role, we take first steps to frame the OL - axon interaction as a network of cells. We find that the OL - axon network has a natural encoding as a bipartite network, allowing us to determine key network properties, estimate the number of OLs or axons in various brain regions and determine the robustness of the network to random removal of cell nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh M Walsh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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28
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Huang S, Ren C, Luo Y, Ding Y, Ji X, Li S. New insights into the roles of oligodendrocytes regulation in ischemic stroke recovery. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106200. [PMID: 37321419 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, are integral to axonal integrity and function. Hypoxia-ischemia episodes can cause severe damage to these vulnerable cells through excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to axonal dystrophy, neuronal dysfunction, and neurological impairments. OLs damage can result in demyelination and myelination disorders, severely impacting axonal function, structure, metabolism, and survival. Adult-onset stroke, periventricular leukomalacia, and post-stroke cognitive impairment primarily target OLs, making them a critical therapeutic target. Therapeutic strategies targeting OLs, myelin, and their receptors should be given more emphasis to attenuate ischemia injury and establish functional recovery after stroke. This review summarizes recent advances on the function of OLs in ischemic injury, as well as the present and emerging principles that serve as the foundation for protective strategies against OL deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Emergency, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Emergency, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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29
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Campeau S, McNulty C, Stanley JT, Gerber AN, Sasse SK, Dowell RD. Determination of steady-state transcriptome modifications associated with repeated homotypic stress in the rat rostral posterior hypothalamic region. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1173699. [PMID: 37360161 PMCID: PMC10288150 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1173699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is epidemiologically correlated with physical and psychiatric disorders. Whereas many animal models of chronic stress induce symptoms of psychopathology, repeated homotypic stressors to moderate intensity stimuli typically reduce stress-related responses with fewer, if any, pathological symptoms. Recent results indicate that the rostral posterior hypothalamic (rPH) region is a significant component of the brain circuitry underlying response reductions (habituation) associated with repeated homotypic stress. To test whether posterior hypothalamic transcriptional regulation associates with the neuroendocrine modifications induced by repeated homotypic stress, RNA-seq was performed in the rPH dissected from adult male rats that experienced either no stress, 1, 3, or 7 stressful loud noise exposures. Plasma samples displayed reliable increases of corticosterone in all stressed groups, with the smallest increase in the group exposed to 7 loud noises, indicating significant habituation compared to the other stressed groups. While few or no differentially expressed genes were detected 24-h after one or three loud noise exposures, relatively large numbers of transcripts were differentially expressed between the group exposed to 7 loud noises when compared to the control or 3-stress groups, respectively, which correlated with the corticosterone response habituation observed. Gene ontology analyses indicated multiple significant functional terms related to neuron differentiation, neural membrane potential, pre- and post-synaptic elements, chemical synaptic transmission, vesicles, axon guidance and projection, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Some of the differentially expressed genes (Myt1l, Zmat4, Dlx6, Csrnp3) encode transcription factors that were independently predicted by transcription factor enrichment analysis to target other differentially regulated genes in this study. A similar experiment employing in situ hybridization histochemical analysis in additional animals validated the direction of change of the 5 transcripts investigated (Camk4, Gabrb2, Gad1, Grin2a and Slc32a) with a high level of temporal and regional specificity for the rPH. In aggregate, the results suggest that distinct patterns of gene regulation are obtained in response to a repeated homotypic stress regimen; they also point to a significant reorganization of the rPH region that may critically contribute to the phenotypic modifications associated with repeated homotypic stress habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Campeau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Connor McNulty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jacob T. Stanley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anthony N. Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sarah K. Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robin D. Dowell
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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30
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Niu X, Zhou F, Zhang L. Microglia regulate the health of central nervous system through myelin. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:14. [PMID: 37183239 PMCID: PMC10183383 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China.
- International Biomed-X Research Center, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China.
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31
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Iyer M, Kantarci H, Ambiel N, Novak SW, Andrade LR, Lam M, Münch AE, Yu X, Khakh BS, Manor U, Zuchero JB. Oligodendrocyte calcium signaling sculpts myelin sheath morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536299. [PMID: 37090556 PMCID: PMC10120717 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Myelin is essential for rapid nerve signaling and is increasingly found to play important roles in learning and in diverse diseases of the CNS. Morphological parameters of myelin such as sheath length and thickness are regulated by neuronal activity and can precisely tune conduction velocity, but the mechanisms controlling sheath morphology are poorly understood. Local calcium signaling has been observed in nascent myelin sheaths and can be modulated by neuronal activity. However, the role of calcium signaling in sheath formation and remodeling is unknown. Here, we used genetic tools to attenuate oligodendrocyte calcium signaling during active myelination in the developing mouse CNS. Surprisingly, we found that genetic calcium attenuation did not grossly affect the number of myelinated axons or myelin thickness. Instead, calcium attenuation caused striking myelination defects resulting in shorter, dysmorphic sheaths. Mechanistically, calcium attenuation reduced actin filaments in oligodendrocytes, and an intact actin cytoskeleton was necessary and sufficient to achieve accurate myelin morphology. Together, our work reveals a novel cellular mechanism required for accurate CNS myelin formation and provides mechanistic insight into how oligodendrocytes may respond to neuronal activity to sculpt myelin sheaths throughout the nervous system.
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32
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Sadino JM, Bradeen XG, Kelly CJ, Brusman LE, Walker DM, Donaldson ZR. Prolonged partner separation erodes nucleus accumbens transcriptional signatures of pair bonding in male prairie voles. eLife 2023; 12:e80517. [PMID: 36852906 PMCID: PMC10112888 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of a spouse is often cited as the most traumatic event in a person's life. However, for most people, the severity of grief and its maladaptive effects subside over time via an understudied adaptive process. Like humans, socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) form opposite-sex pair bonds, and upon partner separation, show stress phenotypes that diminish over time. We test the hypothesis that extended partner separation diminishes pair bond-associated behaviors and causes pair bond transcriptional signatures to erode. Opposite-sex or same-sex paired males were cohoused for 2 weeks and then either remained paired or were separated for 48 hours or 4 weeks before collecting fresh nucleus accumbens tissue for RNAseq. In a separate cohort, we assessed partner-directed affiliation at these time points. We found that these behaviors persist despite prolonged separation in both same-sex and opposite-sex paired voles. Opposite-sex pair bonding led to changes in accumbal transcription that were stably maintained while animals remained paired but eroded following prolonged partner separation. Eroded genes are associated with gliogenesis and myelination, suggesting a previously undescribed role for glia in pair bonding and loss. Further, we pioneered neuron-specific translating ribosomal affinity purification in voles. Neuronally enriched transcriptional changes revealed dopaminergic-, mitochondrial-, and steroid hormone signaling-associated gene clusters sensitive to acute pair bond disruption and loss adaptation. Our results suggest that partner separation erodes transcriptomic signatures of pair bonding despite core behavioral features of the bond remaining intact, revealing potential molecular processes priming a vole to be able to form a new bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Sadino
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Xander G Bradeen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
- Department of Adult Hematology, University of Colorado- Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Conor J Kelly
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Liza E Brusman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Deena M Walker
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, School of MedicinePortlandUnited States
| | - Zoe R Donaldson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
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33
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Jiang D, Li T, Guo C, Tang TS, Liu H. Small molecule modulators of chromatin remodeling: from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 36647159 PMCID: PMC9841685 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes in chromatin conformation alter the organization and structure of the genome and further regulate gene transcription. Basically, the chromatin structure is controlled by reversible, enzyme-catalyzed covalent modifications to chromatin components and by noncovalent ATP-dependent modifications via chromatin remodeling complexes, including switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF), inositol-requiring 80 (INO80), imitation switch (ISWI) and chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) complexes. Recent studies have shown that chromatin remodeling is essential in different stages of postnatal and adult neurogenesis. Chromatin deregulation, which leads to defects in epigenetic gene regulation and further pathological gene expression programs, often causes a wide range of pathologies. This review first gives an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of chromatin remodeling. We then focus mainly on discussing the physiological functions of chromatin remodeling, particularly histone and DNA modifications and the four classes of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes, in the central and peripheral nervous systems under healthy and pathological conditions, that is, in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we provide an update on the development of potent and selective small molecule modulators targeting various chromatin-modifying proteins commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Jiang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tingting Li
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Caixia Guo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China
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34
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Lewis S. Gap filling. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:710. [PMID: 36266579 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Xin W, Chan JR. Motor learning revamps the myelin landscape. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1251-1252. [PMID: 36180789 PMCID: PMC10668869 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Learning requires new oligodendrogenesis, but how myelin patterns change during learning is unclear. Bacmeister et al. show that motor learning induces phase-specific changes in myelination on behaviorally activated axons that correlate with motor performance, suggesting myelin remodeling is involved in learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Xin
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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