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Pagnon A, Carre C, Aguirre M, Chautard E, Gimenez S, Raynal F, Feroldi E, Scott P, Modjarrad K, Vangelisti M, Mantel N. Next generation yellow fever vaccine induces an equivalent immune and transcriptomic profile to the current vaccine: observations from a phase I randomised clinical trial. EBioMedicine 2024; 108:105332. [PMID: 39293214 PMCID: PMC11424963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever (YF), a mosquito-borne acute viral haemorrhagic illness, is endemic to many tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and Central and South America. Vaccination remains the most effective prevention strategy; however, as repeated outbreaks have exhausted vaccine stockpiles, there is a need for improved YF vaccines to meet global demand. A live-attenuated YF vaccine candidate (referred to as vYF) cloned from a YF-17D vaccine (YF-VAX®) sub-strain, adapted for growth in Vero cells cultured in serum-free media, is in clinical development. We report the innate and adaptive immune responses and the transcriptome profile of selected genes induced by vYF. METHODS Healthy adults aged 18-60 years were randomised at a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive one dose of vYF at 4, 5 or 6 Log CCID50 or YF-VAX (reference vaccine), administered subcutaneously in the upper arm (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04142086). Blood/serum samples were obtained at scheduled time points through 180 days (D180) post-vaccination. The surrogate endpoints assessed were: serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations, measured by bead-based Multiplex assay; peripheral blood vYF-specific IgG and IgM memory B cell frequencies, measured by FluoroSpot assay; and expression of genes involved in the immune response to YF-17D vaccination by RT-qPCR. FINDINGS There was no increase in any of the cytokine/chemokine concentrations assessed through D14 following vaccination with vYF or YF-VAX, except for a slight increase in IP-10 (CXCL10) levels. The gene expression profiles and kinetics following vaccination with vYF and YF-VAX were similar, inclusive of innate (antiviral responses [type-1 interferon, IFN signal transduction; interferon-stimulated genes], activated dendritic cells, viral sensing pattern recognition receptors) and adaptive (cell division in stimulated CD4+ T cells, B cell and antibody) immune signatures, which peaked at D7 and D14, respectively. Increases in vYF-specific IgG and IgM memory B cell frequencies at D28 and D180 were similar across the study groups. INTERPRETATION vYF-induced strong innate and adaptive immune responses comparable to those induced by YF-VAX, with similar transcriptomic and kinetic profiles observed. FUNDING Sanofi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Pagnon
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Christophe Carre
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Marion Aguirre
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Chautard
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Sophie Gimenez
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Franck Raynal
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Emmanuel Feroldi
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Paul Scott
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Mantel
- Vaccine Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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Sanchez-Felipe L, Alpizar YA, Ma J, Coelmont L, Dallmeier K. YF17D-based vaccines - standing on the shoulders of a giant. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250133. [PMID: 38571392 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single-dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use. Likewise, numerous chimeric and transgenic preclinical candidates have been described. These include prophylactic vaccines against emerging viral infections (e.g. Lassa, Zika and SARS-CoV-2) and parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria), as well as therapeutic applications targeting persistent infections (e.g. HIV and chronic hepatitis), and cancer. Efforts to overcome historical safety concerns and manufacturing challenges are ongoing and pave the way for wider use of YF17D-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize recent insights regarding YF17D as vaccine platform, and how YF17D-based vaccines may complement as well as differentiate from other emerging modalities in response to unmet medical needs and for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sanchez-Felipe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
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Ferrara P, Losa L, Mantovani LG, Ambrosioni J, Agüero F. Humoral immunogenicity of primary yellow fever vaccination in infants and children: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae039. [PMID: 38438165 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination plays a critical role in mitigating the burden associated with yellow fever (YF). However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence on the humoral response to primary vaccination in the paediatric population, with several questions debated, including the response when the vaccine is administered at early ages, the effect of co-administration with other vaccines, the duration of immunity and the use of fractional doses, among others. This study summarizes the existing evidence regarding the humoral response to primary YF vaccination in infants and children. METHODS Studies on the humoral response to primary YF vaccination in children aged 12 years or younger were reviewed. The humoral vaccine response rate (VRR), i.e. the proportion of children who tested positive for vaccine-induced YF-specific neutralizing antibodies, was pooled through random-effects meta-analysis and categorized based on the time elapsed since vaccination. Subgroup, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 33 articles met the inclusion criteria, with all but one conducted in countries where YF is endemic. A total of 14 028 infants and children entered this systematic review. Within three months following vaccination, the pooled VRR was 91.9% (95% CI 89.8-93.9). A lower VRR was observed with the 17DD vaccine at the meta-regression analysis. No significant differences in immunogenicity outcomes were observed based on age, administration route, co-administration with other vaccines, or fractional dosing. Results also indicate a decline in VRR over time. CONCLUSIONS Primary YF vaccination effectively provides humoral immunity in paediatric population. However, humoral response declines over time, and this decline is observable after the first 18 months following vaccination. A differential response according to the vaccine substrain was also observed. This research has valuable implications for stimulating further research on the primary YF vaccination in infants and children, as well as for informing future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research (CESP), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Losa
- Center for Public Health Research (CESP), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo G Mantovani
- Center for Public Health Research (CESP), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Infectious Disease Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelon-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Agüero
- Unit of Preventive Medicine, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Schnyder JL, de Jong HK, Bache BE, Schaumburg F, Grobusch MP. Long-term immunity following yellow fever vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e445-e456. [PMID: 38272044 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term immunity following yellow fever vaccination remains controversial. We aimed to summarise the literature regarding the long-term protection (≥10 years) conveyed by a single dose of yellow fever vaccination. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 11 databases from database inception to Aug 24, 2023. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies reporting immunogenicity outcomes for children or adults who received a single dose of yellow fever vaccination 10 or more years ago. Case series and single case reports were excluded. Participants who received more than one dose of yellow fever vaccination before measurement of the outcome were excluded. Identified records were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was the pooled seroprotection rate. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool, and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for analytical cross-sectional studies. Studies of moderate or good quality that reported seroprotection were included for random-effects meta-analysis and stratified by endemicity and specific risk groups. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023384087. FINDINGS Of the 7363 articles identified by our search, 39 were eligible for inclusion for systematic review. These studies comprised 2895 individuals vaccinated 10-60 years ago. 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled seroprotection rates were 94% (95% CI 86-99) among healthy adults in a non-endemic setting (mostly travellers) and 76% (65-85) in an endemic setting (all Brazilian studies). The pooled seroprotection rate was 47% (35-60) in children (aged 9-23 months at time of vaccination) and 61% (38-82) in people living with HIV. Reported criteria for seroprotection were highly heterogeneous. INTERPRETATION The gathered evidence suggests that a single dose of yellow fever vaccination provides lifelong protection in travellers. However, in people living with HIV and children (younger than 2 years), booster doses might still be required because lower proportions of vaccinees were seroprotected 10 or more years post-vaccination. Lower observed seroprotection rates among residents of endemic areas were partly explained by the use of a higher cutoff for seroprotection that was applied in Brazil. Studies from sub-Saharan Africa were scarce and of low quality; thus no conclusions could be drawn for this region. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Schnyder
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanna K de Jong
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bache E Bache
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone; Institute of Tropical Medicine, German Centre for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales en Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Konrad CV, Iversen EF, Gunst JD, Monrad I, Holleufer A, Hartmann R, Østergaard LJ, Søgaard OS, Schleimann MH, Tolstrup M. Redirector of Vaccine-induced Effector Responses (RoVER) for specific killing of cellular targets. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104785. [PMID: 37672868 PMCID: PMC10485592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In individuals with malignancy or HIV-1 infection, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) often display an exhausted phenotype with impaired capacity to eliminate the disease. Existing cell-based immunotherapy strategies are often limited by the requirement for adoptive transfer of CTLs. We have developed an immunotherapy technology in which potent CTL responses are generated in vivo by vaccination and redirected to eliminate target cells using a bispecific Redirector of Vaccine-induced Effector Responses (RoVER). METHODS Following Yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccination of 51 healthy volunteers (NCT04083430), single-epitope YF-specific CTL responses were quantified by tetramer staining and multi-parameter flow cytometry. RoVER-mediated redirection of YF-specific CTLs to kill antigen-expressing Raji-Env cells, autologous CD19+ B cells or CD4+ T cells infected in vitro with a full-length HIV-1-eGFP was assessed in cell killing assays. Moreover, secreted IFN-γ, granzyme B, and TNF-α were analyzed by mesoscale multiplex assays. FINDINGS YF-17D vaccination induced strong epitope-specific CTL responses in the study participants. In cell killing assays, RoVER-mediated redirection of YF-specific CTLs to autologous CD19+ B cells or HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells resulted in 58% and 53% killing at effector to target ratio 1:1, respectively. INTERPRETATION We have developed an immunotherapy technology in which epitope-specific CTLs induced by vaccination can be redirected to kill antigen-expressing target cells by RoVER linking. The RoVER technology is highly specific and can be adapted to recognize various cell surface antigens. Importantly, this technology obviates the need for adoptive transfer of CTLs. FUNDING This work was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Hallas Møller NNF10OC0054577).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina V Konrad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Emma F Iversen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jesper D Gunst
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Ida Monrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holleufer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Lars J Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Ole S Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Mariane H Schleimann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
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Kling K, Domingo C, Bogdan C, Wilder-Smith A, Harder T. Reply to Martin and Dauby. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1344-1345. [PMID: 36380452 PMCID: PMC10069844 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kling
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Domingo
- Center for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Harder
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Kalimuddin S, Chan YFZ, Sessions OM, Chan KR, Ong EZ, Low JG, Bertoletti A, Ooi EE. An experimental medicine decipher of a minimum correlate of cellular immunity: Study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135979. [PMID: 36969244 PMCID: PMC10038230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination induces an adaptive immune response that protects against infectious diseases. A defined magnitude of adaptive immune response that correlates with protection from the disease of interest, or correlates of protection (CoP), is useful for guiding vaccine development. Despite mounting evidence for the protective role of cellular immunity against viral diseases, studies on CoP have almost exclusively focused on humoral immune responses. Moreover, although studies have measured cellular immunity following vaccination, no study has defined if a “threshold” of T cells, both in frequency and functionality, is needed to reduce infection burden. We will thus conduct a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 56 healthy adult volunteers, using the licensed live-attenuated yellow fever (YF17D) and chimeric Japanese encephalitis-YF17D (JE-YF17D) vaccines. These vaccines share the entire non-structural and capsid proteome where the majority of the T cell epitopes reside. The neutralizing antibody epitopes, in contrast, are found on the structural proteins which are not shared between the two vaccines and are thus distinct from one another. Study participants will receive JE-YF17D vaccination followed by YF17D challenge, or YF17D vaccination followed by JE-YF17D challenge. A separate cohort of 14 healthy adults will receive the inactivated Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine followed by YF17D challenge that controls for the effect of cross-reactive flaviviral antibodies. We hypothesize that a strong T cell response induced by YF17D vaccination will reduce JE-YF17D RNAemia upon challenge, as compared to JE-YF17D vaccination followed by YF17D challenge. The expected gradient of YF17D-specific T cell abundance and functionality would also allow us to gain insight into a T cell threshold for controlling acute viral infections. The knowledge gleaned from this study could guide the assessment of cellular immunity and vaccine development.Clinical trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT05568953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Shirin Kalimuddin, ; Eng Eong Ooi,
| | - Yvonne F. Z. Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - October M. Sessions
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eugenia Z. Ong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny G. Low
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Shirin Kalimuddin, ; Eng Eong Ooi,
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Xu Z, Ho M, Bordoloi D, Kudchodkar S, Khoshnejad M, Giron L, Zaidi F, Jeong M, Roberts CC, Park YK, Maslow J, Abdel-Mohsen M, Muthumani K. Techniques for Developing and Assessing Immune Responses Induced by Synthetic DNA Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2410:229-263. [PMID: 34914050 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of mankind's greatest medical advances, and their use has drastically reduced and in some cases eliminated (e.g., smallpox) disease and death caused by infectious agents. Traditional vaccine modalities including live-attenuated pathogen vaccines, wholly inactivated pathogen vaccines, and protein-based pathogen subunit vaccines have successfully been used to create efficacious vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella, polio, and yellow fever. These traditional vaccine modalities, however, take many months to years to develop and have thus proven less effective for use in creating vaccines to emerging or reemerging infectious diseases (EIDs) including influenza, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). As factors such as climate change and increased globalization continue to increase the pace of EID development, newer vaccine modalities are required to develop vaccines that can prevent or attenuate EID outbreaks throughout the world. One such modality, DNA vaccines, has been studied for over 30 years and has numerous qualities that make them ideal for meeting the challenge of EIDs including; (1) DNA vaccine candidates can be designed within hours of publishing of a pathogens genetic sequence; (2) they can be manufactured cheaply and rapidly in large quantities; (3) they are thermostable and have reduced requirement for a cold-chain during distribution, and (4) they have a remarkable safety record in the clinic. Optimizations made in plasmid design as well as in DNA vaccine delivery have greatly improved the immunogenicity of these vaccines. Here we describe the process of making a DNA vaccine to an EID pathogen and describe methods used for assessing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines in small animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Ho
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leila Giron
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faraz Zaidi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel Maslow
- GeneOne Life Science Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- GeneOne Life Science Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
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Hansen CA, Barrett ADT. The Present and Future of Yellow Fever Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090891. [PMID: 34577591 PMCID: PMC8468696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease yellow fever (YF) is prevented by a live-attenuated vaccine, termed 17D, which has been in use since the 1930s. One dose of the vaccine is thought to give lifelong (35+ years) protective immunity, and neutralizing antibodies are the correlate of protection. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, YF remains a major public health burden, causing an estimated 109,000 severe infections and 51,000 deaths annually. There are issues of supply and demand for the vaccine, and outbreaks in 2016 and 2018 resulted in fractional dosing of the vaccine to meet demand. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established the “Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics” (EYE) initiative to reduce the burden of YF over the next 10 years. As with most vaccines, the WHO has recommendations to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the YF vaccine. These require the use of live 17D vaccine only produced in embryonated chicken eggs, and safety evaluated in non-human primates only. Thus, any second-generation vaccines would require modification of WHO recommendations if they were to be used in endemic countries. There are multiple second-generation YF vaccine candidates in various stages of development that must be shown to be non-inferior to the current 17D vaccine in terms of safety and immunogenicity to progress through clinical trials to potential licensing. The historic 17D vaccine continues to shape the global vaccine landscape in its use in the generation of multiple licensed recombinant chimeric live vaccines and vaccine candidates, in which its structural protein genes are replaced with those of other viruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis. There is no doubt that the YF 17D live-attenuated vaccine will continue to play a role in the development of new vaccines for YF, as well as potentially for many other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clairissa A. Hansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA;
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-4036, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abdullahi I, Anka A, Emeribe A, Umar K, Adekola H, Uzairue L, Ghmaba P, Okwume C. The interplay between environmental factors, vector competence and vaccine immunodynamics as possible explanation of the 2019 yellow fever re-emergence in Nigeria. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 41:100858. [PMID: 33912348 PMCID: PMC8066781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the year 2019, Nigeria had sporadic outbreaks of yellow fever (YF), which began in the northern region of the country. Indeed, controlling the bites and population of Aedes mosquitoes and vaccination are the only effective means of preventing YF. Vectorial migration, sylvan-to-urban spillover, immunization failure and, perhaps, genetic modification of YFV could be reasons for the re-emergence of YF at the community, state and national levels. This article offers a critical review of the vector biology, YF vaccine immunodynamics and environmental drivers of YFV infections, with the aim of understanding the interplay of these factors in the re-emergence of YF and risk assessment of living in or travelling to areas where YF is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.N. Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A.U. Anka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A.U. Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| | - K. Umar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H.A. Adekola
- Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - L. Uzairue
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Federal University, Oye, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - P.E. Ghmaba
- WHO National Polio Reference Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - C.C. Okwume
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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11
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Bovay A, Fuertes Marraco SA, Speiser DE. Yellow fever virus vaccination: an emblematic model to elucidate robust human immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2471-2481. [PMID: 33909542 PMCID: PMC8475614 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1891752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
By preventing infectious diseases, vaccines contribute substantially to public health. Besides, they offer great opportunities to investigate human immune responses. This is particularly true for live-attenuated virus vaccines which cause resolving acute infections and induce robust immunity. The fact that one can precisely schedule the time-point of vaccination enables complete characterization of the immune response over time, short-term and over many years. The live-attenuated Yellow Fever virus vaccine strain YF-17D was developed in the 1930's and gave rise to the 17D-204 and 17DD vaccine sub-strains, administered to over 600 million individuals worldwide. YF vaccination causes a systemic viral infection, which induces neutralizing antibodies that last for a lifetime. It also induces a strong T cell response resembling the ones of acute infections, in contrast to most other vaccines. In spite of its use since 1937, learning how YF vaccination stimulates such strong and persistent immune responses has gained substantial knowledge only in the last decades. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge on the immune response to YF vaccination, and discuss its contribution as a human model to address complex questions on optimal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bovay
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia A Fuertes Marraco
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Ponndorf D, Meshcheriakova Y, Thuenemann EC, Dobon Alonso A, Overman R, Holton N, Dowall S, Kennedy E, Stocks M, Lomonossoff GP, Peyret H. Plant-made dengue virus-like particles produced by co-expression of structural and non-structural proteins induce a humoral immune response in mice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:745-756. [PMID: 33099859 PMCID: PMC8051607 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an emerging threat causing an estimated 390 million infections per year. Dengvaxia, the only licensed vaccine, may not be adequately safe in young and seronegative patients; hence, development of a safer, more effective vaccine is of great public health interest. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a safe and very efficient vaccine strategy, and DENV VLPs have been produced in various expression systems. Here, we describe the production of DENV VLPs in Nicotiana benthamiana using transient expression. The co-expression of DENV structural proteins (SP) and a truncated version of the non-structural proteins (NSPs), lacking NS5 that contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, led to the assembly of DENV VLPs in plants. These VLPs were comparable in appearance and size to VLPs produced in mammalian cells. Contrary to data from other expression systems, expression of the protein complex prM-E was not successful, and strategies used in other expression systems to improve the VLP yield did not result in increased yields in plants but, rather, increased purification difficulties. Immunogenicity assays in BALB/c mice revealed that plant-made DENV1-SP + NSP VLPs led to a higher antibody response in mice compared with DENV-E domain III displayed inside bluetongue virus core-like particles and a DENV-E domain III subunit. These results are consistent with the idea that VLPs could be the optimal approach to creating candidate vaccines against enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ponndorf
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Yulia Meshcheriakova
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Eva C. Thuenemann
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | | | - Ross Overman
- Leaf Expression SystemsNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | | | | | | | - Martin Stocks
- Plant Bioscience LimitedNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | | | - Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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13
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Martin C, Domingo C, Bottieau E, Buonfrate D, De Wit S, Van Laethem Y, Dauby N. Immunogenicity and duration of protection after yellow fever vaccine in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:958-967. [PMID: 33813107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We lack the rationale on which to base the development of a yellow fever (YF) vaccination schedule for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV). OBJECTIVES To report on the current evidence regarding the seroconversion rate and the duration of humoral protection after YF vaccine, as well as the impact of revaccination in PLWHIV. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Google Scholar, LILACS and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched. METHODS We selected studies on PLWHIV of all ages (including perinatally HIV-infected patients) and all settings (YF endemic and non-endemic zones). Intervention investigated was vaccination against YF, at least once after the HIV diagnosis. The research questions were the seroconversion rate, duration of humoral immunity after YF vaccine and impact of revaccination in PLWHIV. Selected studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Ten, six and six studies were selected for the systematic review of each question, respectively. Only one study addressed the first question in perinatally HIV-infected children. The quality of the studies was assessed as Poor (n = 16), Fair (n = 2) or Good (n = 4). A meta-analysis demonstrated that 97.6% (95% CI 91.6%-100%) of the included population seroconverted. Between 1 and 10 years after YF vaccine, reported persistence of neutralizing antibodies was 72% (95% CI 53.6%-91%), and it was 62% (95% CI 45.4%-78.6%) more than 10 years after YF vaccine. No conclusions could be drawn on impact of revaccination because of the small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence regarding seroconversion rate, duration of humoral protection after YF vaccine and impact of revaccination in PLWHIV is limited by the low number and quality of studies. Based on the presently available data, it is difficult to rationally develop yellow fever vaccination guidelines for PLWHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Martin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Cristina Domingo
- Robert Koch Institute, Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Bottieau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Stéphane De Wit
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Van Laethem
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Environmental Health Research Centre, Public Health School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Strizova Z, Smetanova J, Bartunkova J, Milota T. Principles and Challenges in anti-COVID-19 Vaccine Development. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:339-349. [PMID: 33524979 PMCID: PMC7900461 DOI: 10.1159/000514225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients keeps rising in most of the European countries despite the pandemic precaution measures. The current antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are only supportive, have limited efficacy, and the prevention in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus is the best hope for public health. It is presumed that an effective vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection could mobilize the innate and adaptive immune responses and provide a protection against severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. As the race for the effective and safe vaccine has begun, different strategies were introduced. To date, viral vector-based vaccines, genetic vaccines, attenuated vaccines, and protein-based vaccines are the major vaccine types tested in the clinical trials. Over 80 clinical trials have been initiated; however, only 18 vaccines have reached the clinical phase II/III or III, and 4 vaccine candidates are under consideration or have been approved for the use so far. In addition, the protective effect of the off-target vaccines, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and measles vaccine, is being explored in randomized prospective clinical trials with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In this review, we discuss the most promising anti-COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials and different vaccination strategies in order to provide more clarity into the ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Smetanova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Milota
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia,
- Department of Paediatric and Adult Rheumatology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia,
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15
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Identification of Novel Yellow Fever Class II Epitopes in YF-17D Vaccinees. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111300. [PMID: 33198381 PMCID: PMC7697718 DOI: 10.3390/v12111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne member of the genus flavivirus, including other important human-pathogenic viruses, such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika. Herein, we report identifying 129 YFV Class II epitopes in donors vaccinated with the live attenuated YFV vaccine (YFV-17D). A total of 1156 peptides predicted to bind 17 different common HLA-DRB1 allelic variants were tested using IFNγ ELISPOT assays in vitro re-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from twenty-six vaccinees. Overall, we detected responses against 215 YFV epitopes. We found that the capsid and envelope proteins, as well as the non-structural (NS) proteins NS3 and NS5, were the most targeted proteins by CD4+ T cells from YF-VAX vaccinated donors. In addition, we designed and validated by flow cytometry a CD4+ mega pool (MP) composed of structural and non-structural epitopes in an independent cohort of vaccinated donors. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive prediction and validation of YFV epitopes in a cohort of YF-17D vaccinated individuals. With the design of a CD4 epitope MP, we further provide a useful tool to detect ex vivo responses of YFV-specific CD4 T cells in small sample volumes.
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16
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Nadler LE, Bengston E, Eliason EJ, Hassibi C, Helland‐Riise SH, Johansen IB, Kwan GT, Tresguerres M, Turner AV, Weinersmith KL, Øverli Ø, Hechinger RF. A brain‐infecting parasite impacts host metabolism both during exposure and after infection is established. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Nadler
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences Nova Southeastern University Dania Beach FL USA
| | - Erik Bengston
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Erika J. Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Cameron Hassibi
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Siri H. Helland‐Riise
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Ida B. Johansen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Garfield T. Kwan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Andrew V. Turner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | | | - Øyvind Øverli
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Ryan F. Hechinger
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
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17
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Stryhn A, Kongsgaard M, Rasmussen M, Harndahl MN, Østerbye T, Bassi MR, Thybo S, Gabriel M, Hansen MB, Nielsen M, Christensen JP, Randrup Thomsen A, Buus S. A Systematic, Unbiased Mapping of CD8 + and CD4 + T Cell Epitopes in Yellow Fever Vaccinees. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1836. [PMID: 32983097 PMCID: PMC7489334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses after primary Yellow Fever vaccination in a cohort of 210 volunteers, we have identified and tetramer-validated 92 CD8+ and 50 CD4+ T cell epitopes, many inducing strong and prevalent (i.e., immunodominant) T cell responses. Restricted by 40 and 14 HLA-class I and II allotypes, respectively, these responses have wide population coverage and might be of considerable academic, diagnostic and therapeutic interest. The broad coverage of epitopes and HLA overcame the otherwise confounding effects of HLA diversity and non-HLA background providing the first evidence of T cell immunodomination in humans. Also, double-staining of CD4+ T cells with tetramers representing the same HLA-binding core, albeit with different flanking regions, demonstrated an extensive diversification of the specificities of many CD4+ T cell responses. We suggest that this could reduce the risk of pathogen escape, and that multi-tetramer staining is required to reveal the true magnitude and diversity of CD4+ T cell responses. Our T cell epitope discovery approach uses a combination of (1) overlapping peptides representing the entire Yellow Fever virus proteome to search for peptides containing CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cell epitopes, (2) predictors of peptide-HLA binding to suggest epitopes and their restricting HLA allotypes, (3) generation of peptide-HLA tetramers to identify T cell epitopes, and (4) analysis of ex vivo T cell responses to validate the same. This approach is systematic, exhaustive, and can be done in any individual of any HLA haplotype. It is all-inclusive in the sense that it includes all protein antigens and peptide epitopes, and encompasses both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes. It is efficient and, importantly, reduces the false discovery rate. The unbiased nature of the T cell epitope discovery approach presented here should support the refinement of future peptide-HLA class I and II predictors and tetramer technologies, which eventually should cover all HLA class I and II isotypes. We believe that future investigations of emerging pathogens (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) should include population-wide T cell epitope discovery using blood samples from patients, convalescents and/or long-term survivors, who might all hold important information on T cell epitopes and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Stryhn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kongsgaard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Rasmussen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Nors Harndahl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Østerbye
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Thybo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Bagge Hansen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jan Pravsgaard Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Climate change, deforestation, urbanization, and increased population mobility have made the risk of large outbreaks of yellow fever more likely than ever. Yellow fever vaccine production barely meets demands. In this review, we address the causes of the recent yellow fever outbreaks, why fractional dose yellow fever vaccination works, the role of virus neutralizing antibodies in the protection against yellow fever, and the need for revaccination. RECENT FINDINGS Human activities have profoundly changed the epidemiology of yellow fever. The excess of infectious viral particles in routine yellow fever vaccine batches allows for off-label use of fractional dose yellow fever vaccination in response to emergency situations. Two studies have confirmed long-term protection after fractional dose yellow fever vaccination. The need for the presence of virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) to protect an individual against yellow fever depends on the epidemiological setting. In case of sylvatic transmission, population immunity is irrelevant for individual protection, as mosquitoes are transmitting the virus from infected nonhuman primates to human. SUMMARY With the growing connectivity through air travel, countries with high densities of nonimmune populations and of the urban mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, should ensure that their citizens are properly vaccinated against yellow fever before traveling to a yellow fever endemic country. In the situation of sylvatic transmission, the presence of protective levels of VNA will determine the outcome and may require revaccination at some point in time.
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19
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Maner-Smith KM, Goll JB, Khadka M, Jensen TL, Colucci JK, Gelber CE, Albert CJ, Bosinger SE, Franke JD, Natrajan M, Rouphael N, Johnson RA, Sanz P, Anderson EJ, Hoft DF, Mulligan MJ, Ford DA, Ortlund EA. Alterations in the Human Plasma Lipidome in Response to Tularemia Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E414. [PMID: 32722213 PMCID: PMC7564507 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a highly infectious and contagious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. To better understand human response to a live-attenuated tularemia vaccine and the biological pathways altered post-vaccination, healthy adults were vaccinated, and plasma was collected pre- and post-vaccination for longitudinal lipidomics studies. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we fully characterized individual lipid species within predominant lipid classes to identify changes in the plasma lipidome during the vaccine response. Separately, we targeted oxylipins, a subset of lipid mediators involved in inflammatory pathways. We identified 14 differentially abundant lipid species from eight lipid classes. These included 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) which is indicative of lipoxygenase activity and, subsequently, inflammation. Results suggest that 5-HETE was metabolized to a dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) by day 7 post-vaccination, shedding light on the kinetics of the 5-HETE-mediated inflammatory response. In addition to 5-HETE and DHET, we observed pronounced changes in 34:1 phosphatidylinositol, anandamide, oleamide, ceramides, 16:1 cholesteryl ester, and other glycerophospholipids; several of these changes in abundance were correlated with serum cytokines and T cell activation. These data provide new insights into alterations in plasma lipidome post-tularemia vaccination, potentially identifying key mediators and pathways involved in vaccine response and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal M. Maner-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Johannes B. Goll
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Manoj Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Travis L. Jensen
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Jennifer K. Colucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Casey E. Gelber
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Carolyn J. Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Jacob D. Franke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Muktha Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert A. Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and New York University (NYU) Langone Vaccine Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
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20
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Staples JE, Barrett ADT, Wilder-Smith A, Hombach J. Review of data and knowledge gaps regarding yellow fever vaccine-induced immunity and duration of protection. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:54. [PMID: 32655896 PMCID: PMC7338446 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus found in Sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. The virus causes YF, a viral hemorrhagic fever, which can be prevented by a live-attenuated vaccine, strain 17D. Despite the vaccine being very successful at decreasing disease risk, YF is considered a re-emerging disease due to the increased numbers of cases in the last 30 years. Until 2014, the vaccine was recommended to be administered with boosters every 10 years, but in 2014 the World Health Organization recommended removal of booster doses for all except special populations. This recommendation has been questioned and there have been reports of waning antibody titers in adults over time and more recently in pediatric populations. Clearly, the potential of waning antibody titers is a very important issue that needs to be carefully evaluated. In this Perspective, we review what is known about the correlate of protection for full-dose YF vaccine, current information on waning antibody titers, and gaps in knowledge. Overall, fundamental questions exist on the durability of protective immunity induced by YF vaccine, but interpretation of studies is complicated by the use of different assays and different cut-offs to measure seroprotective immunity, and differing results among certain endemic versus non-endemic populations. Notwithstanding the above, there are few well-characterized reports of vaccine failures, which one would expect to observe potentially more with the re-emergence of a severe disease. Overall, there is a need to improve YF disease surveillance, increase primary vaccination coverage rates in at-risk populations, and expand our understanding of the mechanism of protection of YF vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Erin Staples
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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21
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Huber JE, Ahlfeld J, Scheck MK, Zaucha M, Witter K, Lehmann L, Karimzadeh H, Pritsch M, Hoelscher M, von Sonnenburg F, Dick A, Barba-Spaeth G, Krug AB, Rothenfußer S, Baumjohann D. Dynamic changes in circulating T follicular helper cell composition predict neutralising antibody responses after yellow fever vaccination. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1129. [PMID: 32419947 PMCID: PMC7221214 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are the principal T helper cell subset that provides help to B cells for potent antibody responses against various pathogens. In this study, we took advantage of the live‐attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine strain, YF‐17D, as a model system for studying human antiviral immune responses in vivo following exposure to an acute primary virus challenge under safe and highly controlled conditions, to comprehensively analyse the dynamics of circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells. Methods We tracked and analysed the response of cTfh and other T and B cell subsets in peripheral blood of healthy volunteers by flow cytometry over the course of 4 weeks after YF‐17D vaccination. Results Using surface staining of cell activation markers to track YFV‐specific T cells, we found increasing cTfh cell frequencies starting at day 3 and peaking around 2 weeks after YF‐17D vaccination. This kinetic was confirmed in a subgroup of donors using MHC multimer staining for four known MHC class II epitopes of YF‐17D. The subset composition of cTfh cells changed dynamically during the course of the immune response and was dominated by the cTfh1‐polarised subpopulation. Importantly, frequencies of cTfh1 cells correlated with the strength of the neutralising antibody response, whereas frequencies of cTfh17 cells were inversely correlated. Conclusion In summary, we describe detailed cTfh kinetics during YF‐17D vaccination. Our results suggest that cTfh expansion and polarisation can serve as a prognostic marker for vaccine success. These insights may be leveraged in the future to improve current vaccine design and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Huber
- Institute for Immunology Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine LMU Munich Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Julia Ahlfeld
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany.,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP) Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Neuherberg Germany.,Present address: Department of Pharmacy LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Magdalena K Scheck
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Magdalena Zaucha
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Klaus Witter
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutic Agents and Hemostaseology LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lisa Lehmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Hadi Karimzadeh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany.,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP) Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Munich Munich Germany
| | - Frank von Sonnenburg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Andrea Dick
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutic Agents and Hemostaseology LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Structural Virology Unit and CNRS UMR 3569 Virology Department Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine LMU Munich Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfußer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany.,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP) Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Neuherberg Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine LMU Munich Planegg-Martinsried Germany.,Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology University Hospital Bonn University of Bonn Bonn Germany
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22
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A Chimeric Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Protects against Lethal Yellow Fever Virus Infection without Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02494-19. [PMID: 32265332 PMCID: PMC7157777 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02494-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and safe vaccines against yellow fever (e.g., YFV-17D) that provide long-lasting protection by rapidly inducing neutralizing antibody responses exist. However, the vaccine supply cannot cope with an increasing demand posed by urban outbreaks in recent years. Here we report that JE-CVax/Imojev, a YFV-17D-based chimeric Japanese encephalitis vaccine, also efficiently protects against YFV infection in mice. In case of shortage of the YFV vaccine during yellow fever outbreaks, (off-label) use of JE-CVax/Imojev may be considered. Moreover, wider use of JE-CVax/Imojev in Asia may lower the risk of the much-feared YFV spillover to the continent. More generally, chimeric vaccines that combine surface antigens and replication machineries of two distinct flaviviruses may be considered dual vaccines for the latter pathogen without induction of surface-specific antibodies. Following this rationale, novel flavivirus vaccines that do not hold a risk for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection (inherent to current dengue vaccines and dengue vaccine candidates) could be designed. Recent outbreaks of yellow fever virus (YFV) in West Africa and Brazil resulted in rapid depletion of global vaccine emergency stockpiles and raised concerns about being unprepared against future YFV epidemics. Here we report that a live attenuated virus similar to the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine JE-CVax/Imojev that consists of YFV-17D vaccine from which the structural (prM/E) genes have been replaced with those of the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine strain confers full protection in mice against lethal YFV challenge. In contrast to the YFV-17D-mediated protection against YFV, this protection is not mediated by neutralizing antibodies but correlates with YFV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies and T cell responses against cell-associated YFV NS1 and other YFV nonstructural (NS) proteins. Our findings reveal the potential of YFV NS proteins to mediate protection and demonstrate that chimeric flavivirus vaccines, such as Imojev, could confer protection against two flaviviruses. This dual protection may have implications for the possible off-label use of JE-CVax in case of emergency and vaccine shortage during YFV outbreaks. In addition, populations in Asia that have been vaccinated with Imojev may already be protected against YFV should outbreaks ever occur on that continent, as several countries/regions in the Asia-Pacific are vulnerable to international spread of the YFV.
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23
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Minervina AA, Pogorelyy MV, Komech EA, Karnaukhov VK, Bacher P, Rosati E, Franke A, Chudakov DM, Mamedov IZ, Lebedev YB, Mora T, Walczak AM. Primary and secondary anti-viral response captured by the dynamics and phenotype of individual T cell clones. eLife 2020; 9:53704. [PMID: 32081129 PMCID: PMC7060039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. Using TCR alpha and beta repertoire sequencing for T-cell subsets, as well as single-cell RNAseq and TCRseq, we track the concentrations and phenotypes of individual T-cell clones in response to primary and secondary yellow fever immunization — the model for acute infection in humans — showing their large diversity. We confirm the secondary response is an order of magnitude weaker, albeit ∼10 days faster than the primary one. Estimating the fraction of the T-cell response directed against the single immunodominant epitope, we identify the sequence features of TCRs that define the high precursor frequency of the two major TCR motifs specific for this particular epitope. We also show the consistency of clonal expansion dynamics between bulk alpha and beta repertoires, using a new methodology to reconstruct alpha-beta pairings from clonal trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Komech
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Center of Life Sciences, Skoltech, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Masaryk University, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri B Lebedev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra M Walczak
- Laboratoire de physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, and CNRS, Paris, France
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24
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Bovay A, Nassiri S, Maby-El Hajjami H, Marcos Mondéjar P, Akondy RS, Ahmed R, Lawson B, Speiser DE, Fuertes Marraco SA. Minimal immune response to booster vaccination against Yellow Fever associated with pre-existing antibodies. Vaccine 2020; 38:2172-2182. [PMID: 32008879 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ever since its development in the 1930's, the live-attenuated Yellow Fever virus vaccine YF-17D has been highly effective. Despite the increasing knowledge on the immune biology of the YF-17D vaccine, most studies have focused only on a few types of immune cells and pathways or mainly on the primary adaptive immune response to YF-17D vaccination. Here, we examined humoral, innate and adaptive cellular responses in a longitudinal YF-17D vaccination study in Switzerland, comparing both primary and booster vaccination. In contrast to the strong innate and adaptive immune response to the primary vaccination, we find that the response to boosting is much reduced. Our data show an inverse association of neutralizing antibodies at baseline with vaccine virus replication and with the immune response upon boosting. These results suggest that booster vaccination may not have major immunological effects when neutralizing antibodies are present. Importantly, our study population was healthy adults in a non-endemic country and ultimately booster vaccine requirement must be assessed based on additional epidemiological and public health considerations in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Bovay
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Maby-El Hajjami
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paula Marcos Mondéjar
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rama S Akondy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Benton Lawson
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia A Fuertes Marraco
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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Domingo C, Fraissinet J, Ansah PO, Kelly C, Bhat N, Sow SO, Mejía JE. Long-term immunity against yellow fever in children vaccinated during infancy: a longitudinal cohort study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:1363-1370. [PMID: 31543249 PMCID: PMC6892259 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single dose of vaccine against yellow fever is routinely administered to infants aged 9-12 months under the Expanded Programme on Immunization, but the long-term outcome of vaccination in this age group is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the long-term persistence of neutralising antibodies to yellow fever virus following routine vaccination in infancy. METHODS We did a longitudinal cohort study, using a microneutralisation assay to measure protective antibodies against yellow fever in Malian and Ghanaian children vaccinated around age 9 months and followed up for 4·5 years (Mali), or 2·3 and 6·0 years (Ghana). Healthy children with available day-0 sera, a complete follow-up history, and no record of yellow fever revaccination were included; children seropositive for yellow fever at baseline were excluded. We standardised antibody concentrations with reference to the yellow fever WHO International Standard. FINDINGS We included 587 Malian and 436 Ghanaian children vaccinated between June 5, 2009, and Dec 26, 2012. In the Malian group, 296 (50·4%, 95% CI 46·4-54·5) were seropositive (antibody concentration ≥0·5 IU/mL) 4·5 years after vaccination. Among the Ghanaian children, 121 (27·8%, 23·5-32·0) were seropositive after 2·3 years. These results show a large decrease from the proportions of seropositive infants 28 days after vaccination, 96·7% in Mali and 72·7% in Ghana, reported by a previous study of both study populations. The number of seropositive children increased to 188 (43·1%, 95% CI 38·5-47·8) in the Ghanaian group 6·0 years after vaccination, but this result might be confounded by unrecorded revaccination or natural infection with wild yellow fever virus during a 2011-12 outbreak in northern Ghana. INTERPRETATION Rapid waning of immunity during the early years after vaccination of 9-month-old infants argues for a revision of the single-dose recommendation for this target population in endemic countries. The short duration of immunity in many vaccinees suggests that booster vaccination is necessary to meet the 80% population immunity threshold for prevention of yellow fever outbreaks. FUNDING Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Domingo
- Robert Koch Institute, Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Juliane Fraissinet
- Robert Koch Institute, Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick O Ansah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre and Research Laboratory, Navrongo, Ghana
| | | | | | - Samba O Sow
- National Institute of Research on Public Health, Bamako, Mali
| | - José E Mejía
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CNRS, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Toulouse, France
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26
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Campi-Azevedo AC, Reis LR, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Coelho-dos-Reis JG, Antonelli LR, Fonseca CT, Costa-Pereira C, Souza-Fagundes EM, da Costa-Rocha IA, Mambrini JVDM, Lemos JAC, Ribeiro JGL, Caldas IR, Camacho LAB, Maia MDLDS, de Noronha TG, de Lima SMB, Simões M, Freire MDS, Martins RDM, Homma A, Tauil PL, Vasconcelos PFC, Romano APM, Domingues CM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA. Short-Lived Immunity After 17DD Yellow Fever Single Dose Indicates That Booster Vaccination May Be Required to Guarantee Protective Immunity in Children. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2192. [PMID: 31616412 PMCID: PMC6775283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yellow Fever (YF) vaccination is recommended for people living in endemic areas and represents the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of infection. Previous studies have warned that booster regimens should be considered to guarantee the long-term persistence of 17DD-YF-specific memory components in adults living in areas with YF-virus circulation. Considering the lower seroconversion rates observed in children (9-12 months of age) as compared to adults, this study was designed in order to access the duration of immunity in single-dose vaccinated children in a 10-years cross-sectional time-span. The levels of neutralizing antibodies (PRNT) and the phenotypic/functional memory status of T and B-cells were measured at a baseline, 30-45 days, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10 years following primary vaccination. The results revealed that a single dose induced 85% of seropositivity at 30-45 days and a progressive time-dependent decrease was observed as early as 2 years and declines toward critical values (below 60%) at time-spans of ≥4-years. Moreover, short-lived YF-specific cellular immunity, mediated by memory T and B-cells was also observed after 4-years. Predicted probability and resultant memory analysis emphasize that correlates of protection (PRNT; effector memory CD8+ T-cells; non-classical memory B-cells) wane to critical values within ≥4-years after primary vaccination. Together, these results clearly demonstrate the decline of 17DD-YF-specific memory response along time in children primarily vaccinated at 9-12 months of age and support the need of booster regimen to guarantee the long-term persistence of memory components for children living in areas with high risk of YF transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laise Rodrigues Reis
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lis Ribeiro Antonelli
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marisol Simões
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos da Silva Freire
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Akira Homma
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Tauil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis (DEIDT) – Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carla Magda Domingues
- Programa Nacional de Imunizações – Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
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27
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Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhāes V, Coelho-Dos-Reis JG, Antonelli LR, Costa-Pereira C, Speziali E, Reis LR, Lemos JA, Ribeiro JGL, Bastos Camacho LA, de Sousa Maia MDL, Barbosa de Lima SM, Simões M, de Menezes Martins R, Homma A, Cota Malaquias LC, Tauil PL, Costa Vasconcelos PF, Martins Romano AP, Domingues CM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA. 17DD Yellow Fever Revaccination and Heightened Long-Term Immunity in Populations of Disease-Endemic Areas, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1511-1521. [PMID: 31298654 PMCID: PMC6649311 DOI: 10.3201/eid2508.181432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the duration of neutralizing antibodies and the status of 17DD vaccine–specific T- and B-cell memory following primary and revaccination regimens for yellow fever (YF) in Brazil. We observed progressive decline of plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) seropositivity and of the levels of effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells, 10 years after primary vaccination. Revaccination restored PRNT seropositivity as well as the levels of effector memory CD4+, CD8+, and interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells. Moreover, secondary or multiple vaccinations guarantee long-term persistence of PRNT positivity and cell-mediated memory 10 years after booster vaccination. These findings support the relevance of booster doses to heighten the 17DD-YF–specific immune response to guarantee the long-term persistence of memory components. Secondary or multiple vaccinations improved the correlates of protection triggered by 17DD-YF primary vaccination, indicating that booster regimens are needed to achieve efficient immunity in areas with high risk for virus transmission.
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28
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Ong EZ, Gan ES, de Alwis R, Wijaya L, Ong XM, Zhang M, Wong AW, Cheung YB, Zellweger RM, Ooi EE, Low JG. Genomic signature of early T-cell response is associated with lower antibody titer threshold for sterilizing immunity. Antiviral Res 2019; 166:35-41. [PMID: 30940521 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective approach to reduce disease burden. High vaccination coverage blocks pathogen transmission to ensure herd immunity. However, the concept of herd immunity assumes that vaccinated individuals cannot be infected and mediate silent pathogen transmission. While the correlates of vaccine-mediated protection against disease have been examined, the correlates of sterilizing immunity that prevents infection have not been systematically defined. Here, we used full genome expression profiling to explore the molecular correlates of serological response and non-response to measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination as surrogates of infection and sterilizing immunity, respectively. We observed that the antibody titers needed to sterilize infection with the vaccine strains were higher than current WHO disease protection thresholds. In subjects with baseline antibodies below such sterilizing immunity thresholds, serological non-response to MMR vaccination was associated with gene expression profile indicative of early T-cell activation and signalling. Specifically, genes that regulate T-cell function and response were induced at day 1 post-vaccination in non-responders but not in responders. These findings suggest that rapid T-cell response prevented MMR vaccine infection to limit antigenic presentation and hence serological response. Collectively, our findings suggest an important role for T-cells in engendering sterilizing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Z Ong
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth-Duke NUS, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth-Duke NUS, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth-Duke NUS, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Limin Wijaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xin Mei Ong
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth-Duke NUS, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Abigail Wl Wong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department for International Health, University of Tampere, 33100, Finland
| | - Raphaël M Zellweger
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth-Duke NUS, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth-Duke NUS, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre @ SingHealth-Duke NUS, Singapore; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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29
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Lai MW, Liang KH, Yeh CT. Diverse immune responses to HBV surface epitope variants after vaccine booster in adolescents immunized in infancy. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1140-1146. [PMID: 30771531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate immunity against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutants before and after boosters in adolescents who had lost antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) despite neonatal vaccination. METHODS We recruited 142 participants from 15 to 21 years old who had received complete vaccination in infancy but became anti-HBs-negative. Cellular immunity to HBsAg and T-cell epitope variants was assessed before and after boosters. Antibody affinity to variants was assessed after boosters. RESULTS After one dose of booster, 12 out of 140 (8.6%) participants remained anti-HBs-negative. Anti-HBs titres were higher in those participants <17 (geometric mean, 337.9 ± 10.9 vs. 157.4 ± 16.6 mIU/mL, p = 0.012). Before the booster, HBsAg-specific cell proliferation was present in 58 out of 64 (90.6%) participants. The proliferation response rates to T-cell epitopes were 37.8% and 72.6% (p < 0.001) before and after the booster, respectively. The stimulation index improved from 1.25 ± 1.70 to 2.53 ± 2.32 (p < 0.001) for various T-cell epitopes. HBsAg-specific interleukin (IL)-5- and interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting T-cells were enhanced (45 ± 10 and 50 ± 4 to 420 ± 328 and 355 ± 424 spot-forming cells/106 cells, respectively, p < 0.001). IFN-γ-secreting T cells to epitope 16-33 containing R24K and the antibody affinity to sG145R were still significantly lower than to the wild type. CONCLUSIONS In immunized adolescents who lost anti-HBs, around 10% also lost immune memory. Cellular immunity to some T-cell epitope variants improved after the booster. Antibody affinity to sG145R and the IFN-γ-secreting cell response to some epitope 16-33 variants were still impaired even after booster administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-W Lai
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan; Liver Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - K-H Liang
- Liver Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan; Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-T Yeh
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan; Liver Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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30
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Perdomo-Celis F, Salvato MS, Medina-Moreno S, Zapata JC. T-Cell Response to Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E11. [PMID: 30678246 PMCID: PMC6466054 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are a group of clinically similar diseases that can be caused by enveloped RNA viruses primarily from the families Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Flaviviridae. Clinically, this group of diseases has in common fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and other associated symptoms that can progress to vascular leakage, bleeding and multi-organ failure. Most of these viruses are zoonotic causing asymptomatic infections in the primary host, but in human beings, the infection can be lethal. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the T-cell response is needed for protection against VHF, but can also cause damage to the host, and play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we present a review of the T-cell immune responses to VHF and insights into the possible ways to improve counter-measures for these viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sandra Medina-Moreno
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Juan C Zapata
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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31
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Pogorelyy MV, Minervina AA, Touzel MP, Sycheva AL, Komech EA, Kovalenko EI, Karganova GG, Egorov ES, Komkov AY, Chudakov DM, Mamedov IZ, Mora T, Walczak AM, Lebedev YB. Precise tracking of vaccine-responding T cell clones reveals convergent and personalized response in identical twins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12704-12709. [PMID: 30459272 PMCID: PMC6294963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809642115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data contain information about infections that could be used in disease diagnostics and vaccine development, but extracting that information remains a major challenge. Here we developed a statistical framework to detect TCR clone proliferation and contraction from longitudinal repertoire data. We applied this framework to data from three pairs of identical twins immunized with the yellow fever vaccine. We identified 600 to 1,700 responding TCRs in each donor and validated them using three independent assays. While the responding TCRs were mostly private, albeit with higher overlap between twins, they could be well-predicted using a classifier based on sequence similarity. Our method can also be applied to samples obtained postinfection, making it suitable for systematic discovery of new infection-specific TCRs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Minervina
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maximilian Puelma Touzel
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure (PSL), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anastasiia L Sycheva
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Komech
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, 142782 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy S Egorov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Komkov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, École Normale Supérieure (PSL), 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Aleksandra M Walczak
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure (PSL), 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Yuri B Lebedev
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Li G, Teleki C, Wang T. Memory T Cells in Flavivirus Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E73. [PMID: 30340377 PMCID: PMC6313919 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses include many medically important viruses, such as Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), West Nile (WNV), yellow fever (YFV), and Zika viruses (ZIKV). Currently, there are licensed human vaccines for DENV, JEV, TBEV and YFV, but not for WNV or ZIKV. Memory T cells play a central role in adaptive immunity and are important for host protection during flavivirus infection. In this review, we discuss recent findings from animal models and clinical trials and provide new insights into the role of memory T cells in host protective immunity upon vaccination with the licensed flavivirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Cody Teleki
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Ferreira CDC, Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhāes V, Costa-Pereira C, Albuquerque CPD, Muniz LF, Yokoy de Souza T, Oliveira ACV, Martins-Filho OA, da Mota LMH. The 17D-204 and 17DD yellow fever vaccines: an overview of major similarities and subtle differences. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 17:79-90. [PMID: 29172832 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1406800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The yellow fever vaccine is a live attenuated virus vaccine that is considered one of the most efficient vaccines produced to date. The original 17D strain generated the substrains 17D-204 and 17DD, which are used for the current production of vaccines against yellow fever. The 17D-204 and 17DD substrains present subtle differences in their nucleotide compositions, which can potentially lead to variations in immunogenicity and reactogenicity. We will address the main changes in the immune responses induced by the 17D-204 and 17DD yellow fever vaccines and report similarities and differences between these vaccines in cellular and humoral immunity . This is a relevant issue in view of the re-emergence of yellow fever in Uganda in 2016 and in Brazil in the beginning of 2017. AREAS COVERED This article will be divided into 8 sections that will analyze the innate immune response, adaptive immune response, humoral response, production of cytokines, immunity in children, immunity in the elderly, gene expression and adverse reactions. EXPERT COMMENTARY The 17D-204 and 17DD yellow fever vaccines present similar immunogenicity, with strong activation of the cellular and humoral immune responses. Additionally, both vaccines have similar adverse effects, which are mostly mild and thus are considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Feitosa Muniz
- a Department of Rheumatology , University Hospital of Brasilia, University of Brasilia , Brasilia , Brazil
| | - Talita Yokoy de Souza
- a Department of Rheumatology , University Hospital of Brasilia, University of Brasilia , Brasilia , Brazil
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