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Pellegrino M, Secli V, D’Amico S, Petrilli LL, Caforio M, Folgiero V, Tumino N, Vacca P, Vinci M, Fruci D, de Billy E. Manipulating the tumor immune microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy: IGF1R, a promising target. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356321. [PMID: 38420122 PMCID: PMC10899349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made impressive advances in improving the outcome of patients affected by malignant diseases. Nonetheless, some limitations still need to be tackled to more efficiently and safely treat patients, in particular for those affected by solid tumors. One of the limitations is related to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which impairs anti-tumor immunity. Efforts to identify targets able to turn the TME into a milieu more auspicious to current immuno-oncotherapy is a real challenge due to the high redundancy of the mechanisms involved. However, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an attractive drug target for cancer therapy, is emerging as an important immunomodulator and regulator of key immune cell functions. Here, after briefly summarizing the IGF1R signaling pathway in cancer, we review its role in regulating immune cells function and activity, and discuss IGF1R as a promising target to improve anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Pellegrino
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Secli
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D’Amico
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisa Petrilli
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Caforio
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuel de Billy
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Waldrep KM, Rodgers JI, Garrett SM, Wolf BJ, Feghali-Bostwick CA. The Role of SOX9 in IGF-II-Mediated Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11234. [PMID: 37510994 PMCID: PMC10378869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) results in significant morbidity and mortality. We previously reported that insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is overexpressed in lung tissues and fibroblasts from SSc patients, and IGF-II fosters fibrosis by upregulating collagen type I, fibronectin, and TGFβ. We now show that IGF-II augments mRNA levels of profibrotic signaling molecules TGFβ2 (p ≤ 0.01) and TGFβ3 (p ≤ 0.05), collagen type III (p ≤ 0.01), and the collagen posttranslational modification enzymes P4HA2 (p ≤ 0.05), P3H2 (p ≤ 0.05), LOX (p = 0.065), LOXL2 (p ≤ 0.05), LOXL4 (p ≤ 0.05) in primary human lung fibroblasts. IGF-II increases protein levels of TGFβ2 (p ≤ 0.01), as well as COL3A1, P4HA2, P4Hβ, and LOXL4 (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, IGF-II decreases mRNA levels of the collagen degradation enzymes cathepsin (CTS) K, CTSB, and CTSL and protein levels of CTSK (p ≤ 0.05). The SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) is overexpressed in SSc lung tissues at the mRNA (p ≤ 0.05) and protein (p ≤ 0.01) levels compared to healthy controls. IGF-II induces SOX9 in lung fibroblasts (p ≤ 0.05) via the IGF1R/IR hybrid receptor, and SOX9 regulates TGFβ2 (p ≤ 0.05), TGFβ3 (p ≤ 0.05), COL3A1 (p ≤ 0.01), and P4HA2 (p ≤ 0.001) downstream of IGF-II. Our results identify a novel IGF-II signaling axis and downstream targets that are regulated in a SOX9-dependent and -independent manner. Our findings provide novel insights on the role of IGF-II in promoting pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy M Waldrep
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jessalyn I Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sara M Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Carol A Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Nguyen TTM, Nguyen TH, Kim HS, Dao TTP, Moon Y, Seo M, Kang S, Mai VH, An YJ, Jung CR, Kim JM, Park S. GPX8 regulates clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis through promoting lipogenesis by NNMT. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:42. [PMID: 36750850 PMCID: PMC9903620 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with its hallmark phenotype of high cytosolic lipid content, is considered a metabolic cancer. Despite the implication of this lipid-rich phenotype in ccRCC tumorigenesis, the roles and regulators of de novo lipid synthesis (DNL) in ccRCC remain largely unexplained. METHODS Our bioinformatic screening focused on ccRCC-lipid phenotypes identified glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8), as a clinically relevant upstream regulator of DNL. GPX8 genetic silencing was performed with CRISPR-Cas9 or shRNA in ccRCC cell lines to dissect its roles. Untargeted metabolomics, RNA-seq analyses, and other biochemical assays (e.g., lipid droplets staining, fatty acid uptake, cell proliferation, xenograft, etc.) were carried out to investigate the GPX8's involvement in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis in ccRCC. The lipid metabolic function of GPX8 and its downstream were also measured by isotope-tracing-based DNL flux measurement. RESULTS GPX8 knockout or downregulation substantially reduced lipid droplet levels (independent of lipid uptake), fatty acid de novo synthesis, triglyceride esterification in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. The downstream regulator was identified as nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT): its knockdown phenocopied, and its expression rescued, GPX8 silencing both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, GPX8 regulated NNMT via IL6-STAT3 signaling, and blocking this axis suppressed ccRCC survival by activating AMPK. Notably, neither the GPX8-NNMT axis nor the DNL flux was affected by the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) status, the conventional regulator of ccRCC high lipid content. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings unravel the roles of the VHL-independent GPX8-NNMT axis in ccRCC lipid metabolism as related to the phenotypes and growth of ccRCC, which may be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Tin Manh Nguyen
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Ha Nguyen
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Thien T. P. Dao
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yechan Moon
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Munjun Seo
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Hieu Mai
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.444808.40000 0001 2037 434XMolecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
| | - Yong Jin An
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Nagaraj K, Sarfstein R, Laron Z, Werner H. Long-Term IGF1 Stimulation Leads to Cellular Senescence via Functional Interaction with the Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein, TXNIP. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203260. [PMID: 36291127 PMCID: PMC9601129 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling pathway plays a major role in orchestrating cellular interactions, metabolism, growth and aging. Studies from worms to mice showed that downregulated activity of the GH/IGF1 pathway could be beneficial for the extension of lifespan. Laron syndrome (LS) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder caused by molecular defects of the GH receptor (GHR) gene, leading to congenital IGF1 deficiency. Life-long exposure to minute endogenous IGF1 levels in LS is associated with low stature as well as other endocrine and metabolic deficits. Epidemiological surveys reported that patients with LS have a reduced risk of developing cancer. Studies conducted on LS-derived lymphoblastoid cells led to the identification of a novel link between IGF1 and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a multifunctional mitochondrial protein. TXNIP is highly expressed in LS patients and plays a critical role in cellular redox regulation by thioredoxin. Given that IGF1 affects the levels of TXNIP under various stress conditions, including high glucose and oxidative stress, we hypothesized that the IGF1–TXNIP axis plays an essential role in helping maintain a physiological balance in cellular homeostasis. In this study, we show that TXNIP is vital for the cell fate choice when cells are challenged by various stress signals. Furthermore, prolonged IGF1 treatment leads to the establishment of a premature senescence phenotype characterized by a unique senescence network signature. Combined IGF1/TXNIP-induced premature senescence can be associated with a typical secretory inflammatory phenotype that is mediated by STAT3/IL-1A signaling. Finally, these mechanistic insights might help with the understanding of basic aspects of IGF1-related pathologies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nagaraj
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rive Sarfstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Zvi Laron
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49292, Israel
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6408542; Fax: +972-3-6405055
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Exploring the mechanism of sweetener neohesperidin dihydrochalcone on oral tolerance via a network pharmacology approach combined with vivo and vitro methods. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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IGF1R acts as a cancer-promoting factor in the tumor microenvironment facilitating lung metastasis implantation and progression. Oncogene 2022; 41:3625-3639. [PMID: 35688943 PMCID: PMC9184253 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given the long-term ineffectiveness of current therapies and late-stage diagnoses, lung cancer is a leading cause of malignant diseases. Tumor progression is influenced by cancer cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was reported to affect the TME; however, the role of IGF1R in lung TME has not been investigated. First, we assessed IGF1R genomic alterations and expression in NSCLC patient tissue samples, as well as IGF1R serum levels. Next, we performed tumor heterotopic transplantation and pulmonary metastases in IGF1R-deficient mice using melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Herein we report increased amplification and mRNA expression, as well as increased protein expression (IGF1R/p-IGF1R) and IGF1R levels in tumor samples and serum from NSCLC patients, respectively. Moreover, IGF1R deficiency in mice reduced tumor growth, proliferation, inflammation and vascularization, and increased apoptosis after tumor heterotopic transplantation. Following induction of lung metastasis, IGF1R-deficient lungs also demonstrated a reduced tumor burden, and decreased expression of tumor progression markers, p-IGF1R and p-ERK1/2. Additionally, IGF1R-deficient lungs showed increased apoptosis and diminished proliferation, vascularization, EMT and fibrosis, along with attenuated inflammation and immunosuppression. Accordingly, IGF1R deficiency decreased expression of p-IGF1R in blood vessels, fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages and FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate that IGF1R promotes metastatic tumor initiation and progression in lung TME. Furthermore, our research indicates that IGF1R could be a potential biomarker for early prediction of drug response and clinical evolution in NSCLC patients.
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Pinchera B, Scotto R, Buonomo AR, Zappulo E, Stagnaro F, Gallicchio A, Viceconte G, Sardanelli A, Mercinelli S, Villari R, Foggia M, Gentile I. Diabetes and COVID-19: The potential role of mTOR. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109813. [PMID: 35248653 PMCID: PMC8891119 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is the most frequent comorbidity among patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with diabetes have a more severe prognosis than patients without diabetes. However, the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying this more unfavorable outcome in these patients are not clear. Probably the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying diabetes could represent a favorable substrate for a greater development of the inflammatory process already dysregulated in COVID-19 with a more severe evolution of the disease. In the attempt to shed light on the possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms, we wanted to evaluate the possible role of mTOR (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin) pathway in this context. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify articles involving diabetes and the mTOR pathway in COVID-19. The mTOR pathway could be involved in this etiopathogenetic mechanism, in particular, the activation and stimulation of this pathway could favor an inflammatory process that is already dysregulated in itself, while its inhibition could be a way to regulate this dysregulated inflammatory process. However, much remains to be clarified about the mechanisms of the mTOR pathway and its role in COVID-19. The aim of this review is to to understand the etiopathogenesis underlying COVID-19 in diabetic patients and the role of mTOR pathway in order to be able to search for new weapons to deal with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - R Scotto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A R Buonomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - E Zappulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - F Stagnaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Gallicchio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - G Viceconte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Sardanelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - S Mercinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - R Villari
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M Foggia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - I Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Zhang S, Luan X, Li H, Jin Z. Insulin-like growth factor-1: A potential target for bronchopulmonary dysplasia treatment (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:191. [PMID: 35126694 PMCID: PMC8794548 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common respiratory disorder among preterm infants, particularly low-birth-weight infants (LBWIs) and very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs). Although BPD was first reported 50 years ago, no specific drugs or efficient measures are yet available for prevention or treatment. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) belongs to the insulin family. It promotes mitosis and stimulates cell proliferation and DNA synthesis, the primary factors involved in pulmonary development during the fetal and postnatal periods. Several studies have reported that IGF-1 exerts certain effects on BPD genesis and progression by regulating BPD-related biological processes. In addition, exogenous addition of IGF-1 can alleviate lung inflammation, cell apoptosis and eliminate alveolar development disorders in children with BPD. These findings suggest that IGF-1 could be a new target for treating BPD. Here, we summarize and analyze the definition, pathogenesis, and research status of BPD, as well as the pathogenesis of IGF-1 in BPD and the latest findings in related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Luan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
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Wu SM, Tsai JJ, Pan HC, Arbiser JL, Elia L, Sheu ML. Aggravation of pulmonary fibrosis after knocking down the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3430-3451. [PMID: 35083738 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease with multiple contributing factors. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), with a reciprocal function to Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is known to be involved in the development of airway inflammation. However, the exact relationship between IGF1R and AhR in lung fibrogenesis is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cascade pathway involving IGF1R and AhR in IPF. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The AhR and IGF1R expressions were determined in the lungs of IPF patients and in a rodent fibrosis model. Pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury in wild type and AhR knockout (AhR-/- ) mice. The effects of IGF1R inhibition and AhR activation in vitro on TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Beas2B cells and in vivo on BLM-exposed mice were also examined. KEY RESULTS There were increased IGF1R levels but diminished AhR expression in the lung tissues of IPF patients and BLM-induced mice. Knockout of AhR aggravated lung fibrosis, while the use of IGF1R inhibitor and AhR agonist significantly attenuated such effects and inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in Beas2B cells. Both TGF-β1 and BLM markedly suppressed AhR expression through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequently, IGF1R activation. The IGF1R inhibitor and specific knockdown of IGF1R reversed the activation of the TGF-β1 signal pathway. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In the development of IPF, AhR and IGF1R play opposite roles via the TGF-β/Smad/STAT signaling cascade. The AhR/IGF1R axis is a potential target for the treatment of lung injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Mao Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ji Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Ph.D. program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leonardo Elia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Ph.D. program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Pérez-Matute P, López IP, Íñiguez M, Recio-Fernández E, Torrens R, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Alfaro-Arnedo E, Chau L, Walz C, Hoeflich A, Oteo JA, Pichel JG. IGF1R is a mediator of sex-specific metabolism in mice: Effects of age and high-fat diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1033208. [PMID: 36353242 PMCID: PMC9638844 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1033208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the short and long-term metabolic consequences of IGF1R systemic gene deficiency in mice. METHODS UBC-CreERT2, Igf1rfl/fl mutant mice were used to suppress IGF1R signaling in adult tissues by inducing postnatal generalized Igf1r deletion with tamoxifen. Animals were analyzed at two different ages: i) 13-weeks old young mice, and ii) 12-months old middle-aged mice. In addition, the effects of 10 weeks-long high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated in middle-aged mice. RESULTS Young IGF1R-deficient mice were insulin-resistant, with high IGF1, growth hormone (GH) and IGFBP3, as well as low IGFBP2 circulating levels. Males also presented increased triglycerides in liver. In contrast, middle-aged mice did not clearly show all of these alterations, suggesting possible compensatory effects. Middle-aged IGF1R-deficient male mice were able to counteract the negative effects induced by aging and HFD in adiposity, inflammation and glucose metabolism. A metabolic sexual dimorphism dependent on IGF1R was observed, especially in middle-aged mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that IGF1R is involved in metabolic homeostasis, with effects modulated by diet-induced obesity and aging in a sex dependent manner. Thus, IGF1R deficiency in mice is proposed as a useful tool to understand metabolic alterations observed in patients with IGF1R gene deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez-Matute
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR) -Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
- *Correspondence: Patricia Pérez-Matute,
| | - Icíar P. López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit. Fundación Rioja Salud, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - María Íñiguez
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR) -Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Emma Recio-Fernández
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR) -Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit. Fundación Rioja Salud, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Miguel Servet Foundation-Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Center, Oncoimmunology Group, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elvira Alfaro-Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit. Fundación Rioja Salud, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Luong Chau
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christina Walz
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - José A. Oteo
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR) -Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - José G. Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit. Fundación Rioja Salud, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Huang JQ, Wang F, Wang LT, Li YM, Lu JL, Chen JY. Circular RNA ERBB2 Contributes to Proliferation and Migration of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via miR-98-5p/IGF1R Signaling in Asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1197-1207. [PMID: 34616159 PMCID: PMC8488044 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s326058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma belongs to chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are promising therapeutic targets for various diseases, including asthma. In this work, we aim to investigate the role of circular RNA Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (circERBB2) during progression of asthma. Methods Human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were treated with platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) to mimic cell remodeling. The expression of circERBB2, microRNA-98-5p (miR-98-5p), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was measured by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were determined by cell counting-8 (CCK-8), transwell, and flow cytometry. Protein levels of PCNA, MMP-9, IGF1R were evaluated using Western blotting. The levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐6 were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Luciferase reporter gene experiment was adopted to evaluate the targeting relationship between miR-98-5p with circERBB2 and IGF1R. Interaction between RNAs was determined by RNA pulldown and RIP assay. Results The depletion of circERBB2 attenuated the proliferation, migration, and levels of inflammatory factors induced by PDGF-BB and cell apoptosis. CircERBB2 was identified to directly interact with miR-98-5p, and overexpression of miR-98-5p abolished the function of circERBB2 on PDGF-BB-stimulated ASMCs. IGF1R was identified as a target of miR-98-5p, and knockdown of IGF1R relieved the PDGF-BB-induced ASMCs proliferation and migration. Conclusion Our work disclosed that knockdown of circERBB2 suppressed PDGF-BB-caused proliferation, migration and inflammatory response of ASMCs, through regulating miR-98-5p/IGF1R signaling, presented circERBB2 as a promising therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Tao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Lu
- Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-You Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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12
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Alfaro-Arnedo E, López IP, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Ucero ÁC, González-Barcala FJ, Salgado FJ, Pichel JG. IGF1R as a Potential Pharmacological Target in Allergic Asthma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080912. [PMID: 34440118 PMCID: PMC8389607 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mucus overproduction and inflammation. Although Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was found to be involved in asthma, its pharmacological inhibition has not previously been investigated in this pathology. We aimed to determine if therapeutic targeting of IGF1R ameliorates allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were challenged by house dust mite (HDM) extract or PBS for four weeks and therapeutically treated with the IGF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) NVP-ADW742 (NVP) once allergic phenotype was established. Results: Lungs of HDM-challenged mice exhibited a significant increase in phospho-IGF1R levels, incremented AHR, airway remodeling, eosinophilia and allergic inflammation, as well as altered pulmonary surfactant expression, all of being these parameters counteracted by NVP treatment. HDM-challenged lungs also displayed augmented expression of the IGF1R signaling mediator p-ERK1/2, which was greatly reduced upon treatment with NVP. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that IGF1R could be considered a potential pharmacological target in murine HDM-induced asthma and a candidate biomarker in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Alfaro-Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (E.A.-A.); (I.P.L.)
| | - Icíar P. López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (E.A.-A.); (I.P.L.)
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Álvaro C. Ucero
- Thoracic Oncology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. González-Barcala
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José G. Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (E.A.-A.); (I.P.L.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-638-056-014
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13
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Yuen SC, Liang X, Zhu H, Jia Y, Leung SW. Prediction of differentially expressed microRNAs in blood as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease by meta-analysis and adaptive boosting ensemble learning. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:126. [PMID: 34243793 PMCID: PMC8272278 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood circulating microRNAs that are specific for Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be identified from differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs). However, non-reproducible and inconsistent reports of DEmiRNAs hinder biomarker development. The most reliable DEmiRNAs can be identified by meta-analysis. To enrich the pool of DEmiRNAs for potential AD biomarkers, we used a machine learning method called adaptive boosting for miRNA disease association (ABMDA) to identify eligible candidates that share similar characteristics with the DEmiRNAs identified from meta-analysis. This study aimed to identify blood circulating DEmiRNAs as potential AD biomarkers by augmenting meta-analysis with the ABMDA ensemble learning method. METHODS Studies on DEmiRNAs and their dysregulation states were corroborated with one another by meta-analysis based on a random-effects model. DEmiRNAs identified by meta-analysis were collected as positive examples of miRNA-AD pairs for ABMDA ensemble learning. ABMDA identified similar DEmiRNAs according to a set of predefined criteria. The biological significance of all resulting DEmiRNAs was determined by their target genes according to pathway enrichment analyses. The target genes common to both meta-analysis- and ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs were collected to construct a network to investigate their biological functions. RESULTS A systematic database search found 7841 studies for an extensive meta-analysis, covering 54 independent comparisons of 47 differential miRNA expression studies, and identified 18 reliable DEmiRNAs. ABMDA ensemble learning was conducted based on the meta-analysis results and the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, which identified 10 additional AD-related DEmiRNAs. These 28 DEmiRNAs and their dysregulated pathways were related to neuroinflammation. The dysregulated pathway related to neuronal cell cycle re-entry (CCR) was the only statistically significant pathway of the ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs. In the biological network constructed from 1865 common target genes of the identified DEmiRNAs, the multiple core ubiquitin-proteasome system, that is involved in neuroinflammation and CCR, was highly connected. CONCLUSION This study identified 28 DEmiRNAs as potential AD biomarkers in blood, by meta-analysis and ABMDA ensemble learning in tandem. The DEmiRNAs identified by meta-analysis and ABMDA were significantly related to neuroinflammation, and the ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs were related to neuronal CCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Xiaonan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Yongliang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Siu-wai Leung
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China
- Edinburgh Bayes Centre for AI Research in Shenzhen, College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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14
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van Niekerk G, van der Merwe M, Engelbrecht AM. Diabetes and susceptibility to infections: Implication for COVID-19. Immunology 2021; 164:467-475. [PMID: 34115881 PMCID: PMC8446942 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the well‐established link between diabetic status and an increased susceptibility to infection. Notably, diabetes has been shown to be one of the strongest factors influencing healthcare outcome in COVID‐19 infections. Though it has long been noted that lymphocytes upregulate insulin receptors following immune activation, until recently, this observation has received little attention. Here, we point out key findings implicating dysregulated insulin signalling in immune cells as a possible contributing factor in the immune pathology associated with diabetes. Mechanistically, insulin, by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, regulates various aspects of both myeloid cells and lymphocytes, such as cell survival, metabolic reprogramming and the polarization and differentiation of immune cells. PI3K signalling is also supressed by immune checkpoint proteins, suggesting that insulin signalling may antagonize peripheral tolerance. Remarkably, it has also recently been shown that, following insulin binding, the insulin receptor translocates to the nucleus where it plays a key role in regulating the transcription of various immune‐related genes, including pathways involved in viral infections. Taken together, these observations suggest that dysregulated insulin signalling may directly contribute to a defective immune response during COVID‐19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michelle van der Merwe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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15
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Piñeiro‐Hermida S, Martínez P, Blasco MA. Short and dysfunctional telomeres protect from allergen-induced airway inflammation. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13352. [PMID: 33942458 PMCID: PMC8135011 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 300 million people worldwide. As telomere shortening is a well-established hallmark of aging and that asthma incidence decreases with age, here we aimed to study the role of short telomeres in asthma pathobiology. To this end, wild-type and telomerase-deficient mice with short telomeres (third-generation (G3 Tert-/- mice)) were challenged with intranasal house dust mite (HDM) extract. We also challenged with HDM wild-type mice in which we induced a telomere dysfunction by the administration of 6-thio-2´-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG). Following HDM exposure, G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated mice exhibited attenuated eosinophil counts and presence of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, as well as lower levels of IgE and circulating eosinophils. Accordingly, both G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated wild-type mice displayed reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), as indicated by decreased airway remodeling and allergic airway inflammation markers in the lung. Furthermore, G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated mice showed lower differentiation of Club cells, attenuating goblet cell hyperplasia. Club cells of G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated mice displayed increased DNA damage and senescence and reduced proliferation. Thus, short/dysfunctional telomeres play a protective role in murine asthma by impeding both AHR and mucus secretion after HDM exposure. Therefore, our findings imply that telomeres play a relevant role in allergen-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piñeiro‐Hermida
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group Molecular Oncology Program Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group Molecular Oncology Program Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO) Madrid Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group Molecular Oncology Program Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO) Madrid Spain
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16
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Winn BJ, Kersten RC. Teprotumumab: Interpreting the Clinical Trials in the Context of Thyroid Eye Disease Pathogenesis and Current Therapies. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1627-1651. [PMID: 33930408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Teprotumumab, a monoclonal antibody targeted against the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED). Phase 1 studies of teprotumumab for the treatment of malignancies demonstrated an acceptable safety profile but limited effectiveness. Basic research implicating the IGF-1 receptor on the CD-34+ orbital fibrocyte in the pathogenesis of TED renewed interest in the drug. Two multicenter, randomized, double-masked, clinical trials (phase 2 and 3) evaluated the efficacy of 8 infusions of teprotumumab every 3 weeks versus placebo in 170 patients with recent-onset active TED, as defined by a clinical activity score (CAS) of at least 4. Teprotumumab was superior to placebo for the primary efficacy end points in both studies: overall responder rate as defined by a reduction of 2 or more CAS points and a reduction of 2 mm or more in proptosis (69% vs. 20%; P < 0.001; phase 2 study) and proptosis responder rate as defined by a reduction of 2 mm or more in proptosis (83% vs. 10%; P < 0.001; phase 3 study). In both studies, treatment with teprotumumab compared with placebo achieved a significant mean reduction of proptosis (-3.0 mm vs. -0.3 mm, phase 2 study; -3.32 mm vs. -0.53 mm, phase 3 study) and CAS (-4.0 vs. -2.5, phase 2 study; -3.7 vs. -2.0, phase 3 study). Teprotumumab also resulted in a greater proportion of patients with a final CAS of 0 or 1, higher diplopia responder rate, and a larger improvement in the Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life overall score. More than half of patients (62%, phase 2 trial; 56%, phase 3 trial) who were primary end point responders maintained this response at 51 weeks after the last dose of therapy. The most common adverse events reported with teprotumumab included muscle spasms (25%), nausea (17%), alopecia (13%), diarrhea (13%), fatigue (10%), hearing impairment (10%), and hyperglycemia (8%). Teprotumumab is contraindicated for those with inflammatory bowel disease and who are pregnant. Although the current dosing regimen has proven effective for TED, dose-ranging studies including variable concentrations, infusion frequencies, and durations of teprotumumab therapy in the setting of TED have not been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Winn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Ophthalmology Section, Surgical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Robert C Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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17
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IGF1R Deficiency Modulates Brain Signaling Pathways and Disturbs Mitochondria and Redox Homeostasis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020158. [PMID: 33562061 PMCID: PMC7915200 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)-mediated signaling pathways modulate important neurophysiological aspects in the central nervous system, including neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and complex cognitive functions. In the present study, we intended to characterize the impact of IGF1R deficiency in the brain, focusing on PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways and mitochondria-related parameters. For this purpose, we used 13-week-old UBC-CreERT2; Igf1rfl/fl male mice in which Igf1r was conditionally deleted. IGF1R deficiency caused a decrease in brain weight as well as the activation of the IR/PI3K/Akt and inhibition of the MAPK/ERK1/2/CREB signaling pathways. Despite no alterations in the activity of caspases 3 and 9, a significant alteration in phosphorylated GSK3β and an increase in phosphorylated Tau protein levels were observed. In addition, significant disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics and content and altered activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were noticed. An increase in oxidative stress, characterized by decreased nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) protein levels and aconitase activity and increased H2O2 levels were also found in the brain of IGF1R-deficient mice. Overall, our observations confirm the complexity of IGF1R in mediating brain signaling responses and suggest that its deficiency negatively impacts brain cells homeostasis and survival by affecting mitochondria and redox homeostasis.
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18
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Ruan W, Deng J, Ying K. Novel Aspects of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1/insulin Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7256-7263. [PMID: 31724496 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191113140826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At least a proportion of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory airway diseases respond poorly to the bronchodilator and corticosteroid therapies. There is a need for the development of improved anti-inflammatory treatment. Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin participate in not only metabolism and glucose homeostasis, but also many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including growth and inflammation. Recently, it was shown that not only the classical IGF1 and IGF1 Receptor (IGF1R), but also the other molecules in the IGF1/insulin network, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP protease, have roles in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into recent endeavors devoted to the role of the IGF1/insulin network in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Its participation in airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyper-responsiveness (AHR), as well as acute exacerbation, has been conclusively demonstrated. Its possible relation to glucocorticoid insensitivity has also been indicated. A better understanding of the IGF1/insulin network by further bench-to-bedside research may provide us with rational clinical therapeutic approaches against chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang L, Lei W, Zhang S, Yao L. MCC950, a NLRP3 inhibitor, ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Baicalein Ameliorates Epilepsy Symptoms in a Pilocarpine-Induced Rat Model by Regulation of IGF1R. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:3021-3033. [PMID: 33095440 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy, is challenging. Baicalein has multiple effects, including anti-inflammatory action. However, little is known about its efficacy in treatment of epilepsy. In this study, we established a pilocarpine-induced rat model and used it for assessment of baicalein efficacy in vivo. We predicted the pharmacological mechanism of baicalein by network pharmacology and RNA sequencing analyses. Pilocarpine epileptic rats treated with baicalein exhibited improved average seizure severity, seizure frequency, seizure duration, and survival time. Network pharmacology and RNA sequencing identified the differentially expressed genes between the baicalein treatment and epileptic groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was chosen as the top candidate target because of its overlapping findings in RNA sequencing and network pharmacology data. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that baicalein inhibited microglial proliferation, IGF1R, and inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, baicalein improved epilepsy symptoms. Inhibition of IGF1R function by blocking with AXL1717 enhanced baicalein treatment efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, baicalein exerted antiepileptic effects by regulation of IGF1R in a pilocarpine-induced rat model.
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Novel Outcome Biomarkers Identified With Targeted Proteomic Analyses of Plasma From Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0189. [PMID: 32904064 PMCID: PMC7449255 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the ICU have high mortality. The host response to coronavirus disease 2019 has only been partially elucidated, and prognostic biomarkers have not been identified. We performed targeted proteomics on critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients to better understand their pathophysiologic mediators and to identify potential outcome markers.
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The glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8)/IL-6/STAT3 axis is essential in maintaining an aggressive breast cancer phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21420-21431. [PMID: 32817494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010275117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the emerging hallmarks of cancer illustrates the importance of metabolic reprogramming, necessary to synthesize the building blocks required to fulfill the high demands of rapidly proliferating cells. However, the proliferation-independent instructive role of metabolic enzymes in tumor plasticity is still unclear. Here, we provide evidence that glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8), a poorly characterized enzyme that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, is an essential regulator of tumor aggressiveness. We found that GPX8 expression was induced by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Moreover, in breast cancer patients, GPX8 expression significantly correlated with known mesenchymal markers and poor prognosis. Strikingly, GPX8 knockout in mesenchymal-like cells (MDA-MB-231) resulted in an epithelial-like morphology, down-regulation of EMT characteristics, and loss of cancer stemness features. In addition, GPX8 knockout significantly delayed tumor initiation and decreased its growth rate in mice. We found that these GPX8 loss-dependent phenotypes were accompanied by the repression of crucial autocrine factors, in particular, interleukin-6 (IL-6). In these cells, IL-6 bound to the soluble receptor (sIL6R), stimulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by IL-6 trans-signaling mechanisms, so promoting cancer aggressiveness. We observed that in GPX8 knockout cells, this signaling mechanism was impaired as sIL6R failed to activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Altogether, we present the GPX8/IL-6/STAT3 axis as a metabolic-inflammatory pathway that acts as a robust regulator of cancer cell aggressiveness.
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Is there a role for insulin-like growth factor inhibition in the treatment of COVID-19-related adult respiratory distress syndrome? Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110167. [PMID: 32795835 PMCID: PMC7413200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. IGF-1 has been implicated in ARDS, yet its role in relation to COVID-19-related lung injury has not been investigated. We hypothesize that blockage of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mitigates lung injury and decreases the risk of death in patients COVID-19-related ARDS. Patients with fibroproliferative ARDS have been shown to have increased IGF-1 and IGF-1R staining in lung tissue specimens. Rising levels of IGF-1 in bronchioalveolar fluid (BAL) and increased IGF-1 mRNA expression in lung tissues (but declining serum IGF-1 levels) have been found in late stage ARDS compared with early lung injury. Blockage of IGF-1R decreases lung tissue damage and increases survival in bleomycin-induced as well as H1N1 influenza-related lung injury in animal models. Teprotumumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF-1R that was FDA-approved in 2020 for the treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy. In order to determine if teprotumumab may reduce lung injury and death related to ARDS in the setting of COVID-19, preliminary clinical data is needed. IGF-1 levels in serum and BAL fluid must be measured in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. Histopathology from lung samples from patients with COVID-19-related ARDS must be examined for increased expression of the IGF-1R. Once these are ascertained, and if the data support IGF-1 involvement, a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2A trial of teprotumumab therapy in the setting of COVID-19-related ARDS and non-COVID-19-related ARDS designed to generate initial data on short-term efficacy, safety, dosing and administration should be performed.
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Roffel MP, Bracke KR, Heijink IH, Maes T. miR-223: A Key Regulator in the Innate Immune Response in Asthma and COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:196. [PMID: 32509795 PMCID: PMC7249736 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are chronic obstructive respiratory diseases characterized by airway obstruction, inflammation, and remodeling. Recent findings indicate the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of pathological processes involved in both diseases. MiRNAs have been implicated in a wide array of biological processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. MiR-223 is one of the miRNAs that is thought to play a role in obstructive lung disease as altered expression levels have been observed in both asthma and COPD. MiR-223 is a hematopoietic cell–derived miRNA that plays a role in regulation of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, neutrophil recruitment, and pro-inflammatory responses and that can be transferred to non-myeloid cells via extracellular vesicles or lipoproteins. In this translational review, we highlight the role of miR-223 in obstructive respiratory diseases, focusing on expression data in clinical samples of asthma and COPD, in vivo experiments in mouse models and in vitro functional studies. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which miR-223 regulates gene expression. We specifically focus on immune cell development and activation and involvement in immune responses, which are important in asthma and COPD. Collectively, this review demonstrates the importance of miR-223 in obstructive respiratory diseases and explores its therapeutic potential in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam P Roffel
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Zazara DE, Wegmann M, Giannou AD, Hierweger AM, Alawi M, Thiele K, Huber S, Pincus M, Muntau AC, Solano ME, Arck PC. A prenatally disrupted airway epithelium orchestrates the fetal origin of asthma in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1641-1654. [PMID: 32305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal challenges such as maternal stress perception increase the risk and severity of asthma during childhood. However, insights into the trajectories and targets underlying the pathogenesis of prenatally triggered asthma are largely unknown. The developing lung and immune system may constitute such targets. OBJECTIVE Here we have aimed to identify the differential sex-specific effects of prenatal challenges on lung function, immune response, and asthma severity in mice. METHODS We generated bone marrow chimeric (BMC) mice harboring either prenatally stress-exposed lungs or a prenatally stress-exposed immune (hematopoietic) system and induced allergic asthma via ovalbumin. Next-generation sequencing (RNA sequencing) of lungs and assessment of airway epithelial barrier function in ovalbumin-sensitized control and prenatally stressed offspring was also performed. RESULTS Profoundly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and fibrosis were exclusively present in female BMC mice with prenatally stress-exposed lungs. These effects were significantly perpetuated if both the lungs and the immune system had been exposed to prenatal stress. A prenatally stress-exposed immune system alone did not suffice to increase the severity of these asthma features. RNA sequencing analysis of lungs from prenatally stressed, non-BMC, ovalbumin-sensitized females unveiled a deregulated expression of genes involved in asthma pathogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tight junction formation. It was also possible to independently confirm a tight junction disruption. In line with this, we identified an altered perinatal and/or postnatal expression of genes involved in lung development along with an impaired alveolarization in female prenatally stressed mice. CONCLUSION Here we have shown that the fetal origin of asthma is orchestrated by a disrupted airway epithelium and further perpetuated by a predisposed immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra E Zazara
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maximiliane Hierweger
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Thiele
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Pincus
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ania C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Hernandez DM, Kang JH, Choudhury M, Andrianifahanana M, Yin X, Limper AH, Leof EB. IPF pathogenesis is dependent upon TGFβ induction of IGF-1. FASEB J 2020; 34:5363-5388. [PMID: 32067272 PMCID: PMC7136152 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901719rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), have some of the worst prognoses and affect millions of people worldwide. With unclear etiology and minimally effective therapies, two-thirds of IPF patients die within 2-5 years from this progressive interstitial lung disease. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to promote fibrosis; however, myofibroblast specific upregulation of IGF-1 in the initiation and progression of TGFβ-induced fibrogenesis and IPF have remained unexplored. To address this, the current study (1) documents the upregulation of IGF-1 via TGFβ in myofibroblasts and fibrotic lung tissue, as well as its correlation with decreased pulmonary function in advanced IPF; (2) identifies IGF-1's C1 promoter as mediating the increase in IGF-1 transcription by TGFβ in pulmonary fibroblasts; (3) determines that SMAD2 and mTOR signaling are required for TGFβ-dependent Igf-1 expression in myofibroblasts; (4) demonstrates IGF-1R activation is essential to support TGFβ-driven profibrotic myofibroblast functions and excessive wound healing; and (5) establishes the effectiveness of slowing the progression of murine lung fibrosis with the IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906. These findings expand our knowledge of IGF-1's role as a novel fibrotic-switch, bringing us one step closer to understanding the complex biological mechanisms responsible for fibrotic diseases and developing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Hernandez
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Current Address: Department of Neurosurgery, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeong-Han Kang
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Current Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Malay Choudhury
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mahefatiana Andrianifahanana
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xueqian Yin
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Current Address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew H. Limper
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Edward B. Leof
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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27
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Garrett SM, Hsu E, Thomas JM, Pilewski JM, Feghali-Bostwick C. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II- mediated fibrosis in pathogenic lung conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225422. [PMID: 31765403 PMCID: PMC6876936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-II) levels are increased in fibrosing lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and scleroderma/systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SSc). Our goal was to investigate the contribution of IGF receptors to IGF-II-mediated fibrosis in these diseases and identify other potential mechanisms key to the fibrotic process. Cognate receptor gene and protein expression were analyzed with qRT-PCR and immunoblot in primary fibroblasts derived from lung tissues of normal donors (NL) and patients with IPF or SSc. Compared to NL, steady-state receptor gene expression was decreased in SSc but not in IPF. IGF-II stimulation differentially decreased receptor mRNA and protein levels in NL, IPF, and SSc fibroblasts. Neutralizing antibody, siRNA, and receptor inhibition targeting endogenous IGF-II and its primary receptors, type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R), IGF2R, and insulin receptor (IR) resulted in loss of the IGF-II response. IGF-II tipped the TIMP:MMP balance, promoting a fibrotic environment both intracellularly and extracellularly. Differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts by IGF-II was blocked with a TGFβ1 receptor inhibitor. IGF-II also increased TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 expression, with subsequent activation of canonical SMAD2/3 signaling. Therefore, IGF-II promoted fibrosis through IGF1R, IR, and IGF1R/IR, differentiated fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, decreased protease production and extracellular matrix degradation, and stimulated expression of two TGFβ isoforms, suggesting that IGF-II exerts pro-fibrotic effects via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Garrett
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eileen Hsu
- Mid Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Mclean, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Thomas
- Eisenhower Medical Center, Rancho Mirage, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Rasky A, Habiel DM, Morris S, Schaller M, Moore BB, Phan S, Kunkel SL, Phillips M, Hogaboam C, Lukacs NW. Inhibition of the stem cell factor 248 isoform attenuates the development of pulmonary remodeling disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L200-L211. [PMID: 31747308 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00114.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit have been implicated in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis. Ingenuity Integrated Pathway Analysis of gene expression array data sets showed an upregulation of SCF transcripts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung biopsies compared with tissue from nonfibrotic lungs that are further increased in rapid progressive disease. SCF248, a cleavable isoform of SCF, was abundantly and preferentially expressed in human lung fibroblasts and fibrotic mouse lungs relative to the SCF220 isoform. In fibroblast-mast cell coculture studies, blockade of SCF248 using a novel isoform-specific anti-SCF248 monoclonal antibody (anti-SCF248), attenuated the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN1 transcripts in cocultured IPF but not normal lung fibroblasts. Administration of anti-SCF248 on days 8 and 12 after bleomycin instillation in mice significantly reduced fibrotic lung remodeling and col1al, fn1, acta2, tgfb, and ccl2 transcript expression. In addition, bleomycin increased numbers of c-kit+ mast cells, eosinophils, and ILC2 in lungs of mice, whereas they were not significantly increased in anti-SCF248-treated animals. Finally, mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of SCF significantly attenuated bleomycin-mediated lung fibrosis and associated fibrotic gene expression. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SCF is upregulated in diseased IPF lungs and blocking SCF248 isoform significantly ameliorates fibrotic lung remodeling in vivo suggesting that it may be a therapeutic target for fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Opsidio, LLC, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Susan Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Opsidio, LLC, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sem Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Cory Hogaboam
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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29
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Vella V, Malaguarnera R, Nicolosi ML, Morrione A, Belfiore A. Insulin/IGF signaling and discoidin domain receptors: An emerging functional connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118522. [PMID: 31394114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor system (IIGFs) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of prenatal and postnatal growth, metabolism and homeostasis. As a consequence, dysregulation of this axis is associated with growth disturbance, type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation and tumor progression. A functional crosstalk between IIGFs and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) has been recently discovered. DDRs are non-integrin collagen receptors that canonically undergo slow and long-lasting autophosphorylation after binding to fibrillar collagen. While both DDR1 and DDR2 functionally interact with IIGFs, the crosstalk with DDR1 is so far better characterized. Notably, the IIGFs-DDR1 crosstalk presents a feed-forward mechanism, which does not require collagen binding, thus identifying novel non-canonical action of DDR1. Further studies are needed to fully explore the role of this IIGFs-DDRs functional loop as potential target in the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy.
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30
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling in Lung Development and Inflammatory Lung Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6057589. [PMID: 30018981 PMCID: PMC6029485 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6057589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was firstly identified as a hormone that mediates the biological effects of growth hormone. Accumulating data have indicated the role of IGF-1 signaling pathway in lung development and diseases such as congenital disorders, cancers, inflammation, and fibrosis. IGF-1 signaling modulates the development and differentiation of many types of lung cells, including airway basal cells, club cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. IGF-1 signaling deficiency results in alveolar hyperplasia in humans and disrupted lung architecture in animal models. The components of IGF-1 signaling pathways are potentiated as biomarkers as they are dysregulated locally or systemically in lung diseases, whereas data may be inconsistent or even paradoxical among different studies. The usage of IGF-1-based therapeutic agents urges for more researches in developmental disorders and inflammatory lung diseases, as the majority of current data are collected from limited number of animal experiments and are generally less exuberant than those in lung cancer. Elucidation of these questions by further bench-to-bedside researches may provide us with rational clinical diagnostic approaches and agents concerning IGF-1 signaling in lung diseases.
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Characterization of the acute inflammatory profile and resolution of airway inflammation after Igf1r-gene targeting in a murine model of HDM-induced asthma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190159. [PMID: 29272313 PMCID: PMC5741234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, mucus overproduction and airway remodeling. Notably, we have recently demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) deficiency in mice attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion after chronic house dust mite (HDM) exposure. On this basis, inbred C57BL/6 and Igf1r-deficient mice were given HDM extract to study the acute inflammatory profile and implication of Igf1r in acute asthma pathobiology. Additionally, Igf1r-deficiency was therapeutically induced in mice to evaluate the resolution of HDM-induced inflammation. Acute HDM exposure in inbred C57BL/6 mice led to a progressive increase in inflammation, airway remodeling and associated molecular indicators. Preventively-induced Igf1r-deficiency showed reduced neutrophil and eosinophil numbers in BALF and bone marrow, a significant reduction of airway remodeling and decreased levels of related markers. In addition, therapeutic targeting of Igf1r promoted the resolution of HDM-induced-inflammation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Igf1r is important in acute asthma pathobiology and resolution of HDM-induced inflammation. Thus, IGF1R is suggested to be a promising candidate for future therapeutic approaches for the treatment and prevention of asthma.
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