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Zhang H, Lin Y, Li S, Bi J, Zeng J, Mo C, Xu S, Jia B, Lu Y, Liu C, Liu Z. Effects of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from oral and gastrointestinal pathogens on systemic diseases. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127788. [PMID: 38833831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota, the two largest microbiomes in the human body, are closely correlated and frequently interact through the oral-gut axis. Recent research has focused on the roles of these microbiomes in human health and diseases. Under normal conditions, probiotics and commensal bacteria can positively impact health. However, altered physiological states may induce dysbiosis, increasing the risk of pathogen colonization. Studies suggest that oral and gastrointestinal pathogens contribute not only to localized diseases at their respective colonized sites but also to the progression of systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria at these local sites are involved in systemic diseases remain elusive. In response to this gap, the focus has shifted to bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which act as mediators of communication between the microbiota and the host. Numerous studies have reported the targeted delivery of bacterial pathogenic substances from the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract to distant organs via BEVs. These pathogenic components subsequently elicit specific cellular responses in target organs, thereby mediating the progression of systemic diseases. This review aims to elucidate the extensive microbial communication via the oral-gut axis, summarize the types and biogenesis mechanisms of BEVs, and highlight the translocation pathways of oral and gastrointestinal BEVs in vivo, as well as the impacts of pathogens-derived BEVs on systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunhe Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Peregrino ES, Castañeda-Casimiro J, Vázquez-Flores L, Estrada-Parra S, Wong-Baeza C, Serafín-López J, Wong-Baeza I. The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6210. [PMID: 38892397 PMCID: PMC11172497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have several mechanisms to evade the host's immune response and achieve an efficient infection. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a relevant cellular communication mechanism, since they can interact with other bacterial cells and with host cells. In this review, we focus on the EVs produced by some World Health Organization (WHO) priority Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria; by spore-producing bacteria; by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a bacteria with a complex cell wall); and by Treponema pallidum (a bacteria without lipopolysaccharide). We describe the classification and the general properties of bacterial EVs, their role during bacterial infections and their effects on the host immune response. Bacterial EVs contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate innate immune receptors, which leads to cytokine production and inflammation, but they also contain antigens that induce the activation of B and T cell responses. Understanding the many effects of bacterial EVs on the host's immune response can yield new insights on the pathogenesis of clinically important infections, but it can also lead to the development of EV-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In addition, since EVs are efficient activators of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses, they constitute a promising platform for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliud S. Peregrino
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Jessica Castañeda-Casimiro
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Vázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
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3
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Rahmat JN, Liu J, Chen T, Li Z, Zhang Y. Engineered biological nanoparticles as nanotherapeutics for tumor immunomodulation. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5862-5903. [PMID: 38716589 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles, or bionanoparticles, are small molecules manufactured in living systems with complex production and assembly machinery. The products of the assembly systems can be further engineered to generate functionalities for specific purposes. These bionanoparticles have demonstrated advantages such as immune system evasion, minimal toxicity, biocompatibility, and biological clearance. Hence, bionanoparticles are considered the new paradigm in nanoscience research for fabricating safe and effective nanoformulations for therapeutic purposes. Harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eradicate malignancies is a viable strategy to achieve better therapeutic outcomes with long-term protection from disease recurrence. However, cancerous tissues have evolved to become invisible to immune recognition and to transform the tumor microenvironment into an immunosuppressive dwelling, thwarting the immune defense systems and creating a hospitable atmosphere for cancer growth and progression. Thus, it is pertinent that efforts in fabricating nanoformulations for immunomodulation are mindful of the tumor-induced immune aberrations that could render cancer nanotherapy inoperable. This review systematically categorizes the immunosuppression mechanisms, the regulatory immunosuppressive cellular players, and critical suppressive molecules currently targeted as breakthrough therapies in the clinic. Finally, this review will summarize the engineering strategies for affording immune moderating functions to bionanoparticles that tip the tumor microenvironment (TME) balance toward cancer elimination, a field still in the nascent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwita N Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Taili Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - ZhiHong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Liu BD, Akbar R, Oliverio A, Thapa K, Wang X, Fan GC. BACTERIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS. Shock 2024; 61:175-188. [PMID: 37878470 PMCID: PMC10921997 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a new revelation in cross-kingdom communication, with increasing evidence showing the diverse roles of bacterial EVs (BEVs) in mammalian cells and host-microbe interactions. Bacterial EVs include outer membrane vesicles released by gram-negative bacteria and membrane vesicles generated from gram-positive bacteria. Recently, BEVs have drawn attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools because they are nano-sized and can deliver bacterial cargo into host cells. Importantly, exposure to BEVs significantly affects various physiological and pathological responses in mammalian cells. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various effects of BEVs on host cells (i.e., immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells) and inflammatory/infectious diseases. First, the biogenesis and purification methods of BEVs are summarized. Next, the mechanisms and pathways identified by BEVs that stimulate either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses are highlighted. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which BEVs regulate host-microbe interactions and their effects on the immune system. Finally, this review focuses on the contribution of BEVs to the pathogenesis of sepsis/septic shock and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rubab Akbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Anna Oliverio
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kajol Thapa
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Urzì O, Bergqvist M, Lässer C, Moschetti M, Johansson J, D´Arrigo D, Olofsson Bagge R, Crescitelli R. Heat inactivation of foetal bovine serum performed after EV-depletion influences the proteome of cell-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12408. [PMID: 38263378 PMCID: PMC10805629 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell cultures as well as their molecular cargo can be influenced by cell culture conditions such as the presence of foetal bovine serum (FBS). Although several studies have evaluated the effect of removing FBS-derived EVs by ultracentrifugation (UC), less is known about the influence of FBS heat inactivation (HI) on the cell-derived EVs. To assess this, three protocols based on different combinations of EV depletion by UC and HI were evaluated, including FBS ultracentrifuged but not heat inactivated (no-HI FBS), FBS heat inactivated before EV depletion (HI-before EV-depl FBS), and FBS heat inactivated after EV depletion (HI-after EV-depl FBS). We isolated large (L-EVs) and small EVs (S-EVs) from FBS treated in the three different ways, and we found that the S-EV pellet from HI-after EV-depl FBS was larger than the S-EV pellet from no-HI FBS and HI-before EV-depl FBS. Transmission electron microscopy, protein quantification, and particle number evaluation showed that HI-after EV-depl significantly increased the protein amount of S-EVs but had no significant effect on L-EVs. Consequently, the protein quantity of S-EVs isolated from three cell lines cultured in media supplemented with HI-after EV-depl FBS was significantly increased. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of FBS-derived S-EVs showed that the EV protein content was different when FBS was HI after EV depletion compared to EVs isolated from no-HI FBS and HI-before EV-depl FBS. Moreover, we show that several quantified proteins could be ascribed to human origin, thus demonstrating that FBS bovine proteins can mistakenly be attributed to human cell-derived EVs. We conclude that HI of FBS performed after EV depletion results in changes in the proteome, with molecules that co-isolate with EVs and can contaminate EVs when used in subsequent cell cultures. Our recommendation is, therefore, to always perform HI of FBS prior to EV depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Markus Bergqvist
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Junko Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University HospitalRegion Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Daniele D´Arrigo
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies LaboratoryEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleBellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University HospitalRegion Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Koukoulis TF, Beauchamp LC, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, McQuade RM, Purnianto A, Finkelstein DI, Barnham KJ, Vella LJ. Do Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Contribute to Chronic Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:227-244. [PMID: 38427502 PMCID: PMC10977405 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. It has been suggested that the etiology of idiopathic PD is complex and multifactorial involving environmental contributions, such as viral or bacterial infections and microbial dysbiosis, in genetically predisposed individuals. With advances in our understanding of the gut-brain axis, there is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota and the mammalian immune system functionally interact. Recent findings suggest that a shift in the gut microbiome to a pro-inflammatory phenotype may play a role in PD onset and progression. While there are links between gut bacteria, inflammation, and PD, the bacterial products involved and how they traverse the gut lumen and distribute systemically to trigger inflammation are ill-defined. Mechanisms emerging in other research fields point to a role for small, inherently stable vesicles released by Gram-negative bacteria, called outer membrane vesicles in disease pathogenesis. These vesicles facilitate communication between bacteria and the host and can shuttle bacterial toxins and virulence factors around the body to elicit an immune response in local and distant organs. In this perspective article, we hypothesize a role for bacterial outer membrane vesicles in PD pathogenesis. We present evidence suggesting that these outer membrane vesicles specifically from Gram-negative bacteria could potentially contribute to PD by traversing the gut lumen to trigger local, systemic, and neuroinflammation. This perspective aims to facilitate a discussion on outer membrane vesicles in PD and encourage research in the area, with the goal of developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana F. Koukoulis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leah C. Beauchamp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brighamand Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M. McQuade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), The University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adityas Purnianto
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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7
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An X, Zeng Y, Liu C, Liu G. Cellular-Membrane-Derived Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:22. [PMID: 38258033 PMCID: PMC10820497 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The medical community is constantly searching for new and innovative ways to treat cancer, and cellular-membrane-derived artificial vesicles are emerging as a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy. These vesicles, which are derived from mammal and bacteria cell membranes, offer a range of benefits, including compatibility with living organisms, minimal immune response, and prolonged circulation. By modifying their surface, manipulating their genes, combining them with other substances, stimulating them externally, and even enclosing drugs within them, cellular vesicles have the potential to be a powerful tool in fighting cancer. The ability to merge drugs with diverse compositions and functionalities in a localized area is particularly exciting, as it offers a way to combine different immunotherapy treatments for maximum impact. This review contains information on the various sources of these vesicles and discusses some recent developments in cancer immunotherapy using this promising technology. While there are still obstacles to overcome, the possibilities for cellular vesicles in cancer treatment are truly exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China;
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Xie J, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: an emerging avenue to tackle diseases. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1206-1224. [PMID: 37330381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research, especially in recent years, has shown that bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are one of the key underlying mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of various diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, sepsis, systemic bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease. Given these new insights, bEVs are proposed as an emerging vehicle that can be used as a diagnostic tool or to tackle diseases when used as a therapeutic target. To further boost the understanding of bEVs in health and disease we thoroughly discuss the contribution of bEVs in disease pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we speculate on their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and how bEV-related mechanisms can be exploited as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Torabian P, Singh N, Crawford J, Gonzalez G, Burgado N, Videva M, Miller A, Perdue J, Dinu M, Pietropaoli A, Gaborski T, Michel LV. The effect of clinically relevant beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and quinolone antibiotics on bacterial extracellular vesicle release from E. coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568081. [PMID: 38045295 PMCID: PMC10690228 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitals, can be defined as a dysregulated host inflammatory response to infection, which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and cardiovascular complications. Although there is no cure for sepsis, the condition is typically managed with broad spectrum antibiotics to eliminate any potential bacterial source of infection. However, a potential side-effect of antibiotic treatment is the enhanced release of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). BEVs are membrane-bound nanoparticles produced by a variety of mechanisms, one of which includes the pinching-off of the outer membrane (in Gram-negative bacteria) to enclose proteins and other biological molecules for transport and intercellular communication. Some of the Gram-negative EV cargo, including Peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein (Pal) and Outer membrane protein A (OmpA), have been shown to induce both acute and chronic inflammation in host tissue. We hypothesize that antibiotic concentration and its mechanism of action can have an effect on the amount of released BEVs, which could potentially exacerbate the host inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluated nine clinically relevant antibiotics for their effect on EV release from Escherichia coli . EVs were characterized using immunoblotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Several beta-lactam antibiotics caused significantly more EV release, while quinolone and aminoglycosides caused relatively less vesiculation. Further study is warranted to corroborate the correlation between an antibiotic's mechanism of action and its effect on EV release, but these results underline the importance of antibiotic choice when treating sepsis patients.
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Szöllősi D, Hajdrik P, Tordai H, Horváth I, Veres DS, Gillich B, Shailaja KD, Smeller L, Bergmann R, Bachmann M, Mihály J, Gaál A, Jezsó B, Barátki B, Kövesdi D, Bősze S, Szabó I, Felföldi T, Oszwald E, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás BZ, Hamdani N, Máthé D, Varga Z, Szigeti K. Molecular imaging of bacterial outer membrane vesicles based on bacterial surface display. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18752. [PMID: 37907509 PMCID: PMC10618197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The important roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in various diseases and their emergence as a promising platform for vaccine development and targeted drug delivery necessitates the development of imaging techniques suitable for quantifying their biodistribution with high precision. To address this requirement, we aimed to develop an OMV specific radiolabeling technique for positron emission tomography (PET). A novel bacterial strain (E. coli BL21(DE3) ΔnlpI, ΔlpxM) was created for efficient OMV production, and OMVs were characterized using various methods. SpyCatcher was anchored to the OMV outer membrane using autotransporter-based surface display systems. Synthetic SpyTag-NODAGA conjugates were tested for OMV surface binding and 64Cu labeling efficiency. The final labeling protocol shows a radiochemical purity of 100% with a ~ 29% radiolabeling efficiency and excellent serum stability. The in vivo biodistribution of OMVs labeled with 64Cu was determined in mice using PET/MRI imaging which revealed that the biodistribution of radiolabeled OMVs in mice is characteristic of previously reported data with the highest organ uptakes corresponding to the liver and spleen 3, 6, and 12 h following intravenous administration. This novel method can serve as a basis for a general OMV radiolabeling scheme and could be used in vaccine- and drug-carrier development based on bioengineered OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Polett Hajdrik
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Tordai
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Dániel S Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Gillich
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Kanni Das Shailaja
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - László Smeller
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Institute for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 400 Bautzner Landstraße, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 400 Bautzner Landstraße, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Mihály
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok Körútja, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gaál
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok Körútja, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Bálint Jezsó
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok Körútja, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology and Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs Barátki
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Kövesdi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 1/A Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. Research Network, Eötvös L. University, 1/A Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. Research Network, Eötvös L. University, 1/A Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1/C Pázmány Péter Sétány, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, 29 Karolina Road, Budapest, 1113, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Oszwald
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 58 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 30823, Singapore
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Balázs Zoltán Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 30823, Singapore
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- HCEMM-Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Budapest, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Center of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar Tudósok Körútja, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tűzoltó Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
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11
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An N, Chen Z, Zhao P, Yin W. Extracellular Vesicles in Sepsis: Pathogenic Roles, Organ Damage, and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1722-1731. [PMID: 37928875 PMCID: PMC10620861 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in anti-infective treatment and organ function support technology in recent years, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high. In addition to the high costs of sepsis treatment, the increasing consumption of medical resources also aggravates economic pressure and social burden. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from different types of activated or apoptotic cells to mediate intercellular communication, which can be detected in both human and animal body fluids. A growing body of researches suggest that EVs play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In this review, we summarize the predominant roles of EVs in various pathological processes during sepsis and its related organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni An
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Liu WS, Wu LL, Chen CM, Zheng H, Gao J, Lu ZM, Li M. Lipid-hybrid cell-derived biomimetic functional materials: A state-of-the-art multifunctional weapon against tumors. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100751. [PMID: 37636983 PMCID: PMC10448342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Cell-derived biomimetic functional materials have shown great promise in the treatment of tumors. These materials are derived from cell membranes, extracellular vesicles and bacterial outer membrane vesicles and may evade immune recognition, improve drug targeting and activate antitumor immunity. However, their use is limited owing to their low drug-loading capacity and complex preparation methods. Liposomes are artificial bionic membranes that have high drug-loading capacity and can be prepared and modified easily. Although they can overcome the disadvantages of cell-derived biomimetic functional materials, they lack natural active targeting ability. Lipids can be hybridized with cell membranes, extracellular vesicles or bacterial outer membrane vesicles to form lipid-hybrid cell-derived biomimetic functional materials. These materials negate the disadvantages of both liposomes and cell-derived components and represent a promising delivery platform in the treatment of tumors. This review focuses on the design strategies, applications and mechanisms of action of lipid-hybrid cell-derived biomimetic functional materials and summarizes the prospects of their further development and the challenges associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cui-Min Chen
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zheng-Mao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
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13
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Wang Y, Luo X, Xiang X, Hao C, Ma D. Roles of bacterial extracellular vesicles in systemic diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258860. [PMID: 37840728 PMCID: PMC10569430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that in various systems, not all bidirectional microbiota-host interactions involve direct cell contact. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) may be key participants in this interkingdom crosstalk. BEVs mediate microbiota functions by delivering effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways, thereby facilitating host-microbe interactions. BEV production during infections by both pathogens and probiotics has been observed in various host tissues. Therefore, these vesicles released by microbiota may have the ability to drive or inhibit disease pathogenesis in different systems within the host. Here, we review the current knowledge of BEVs and particularly emphasize their interactions with the host and the pathogenesis of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Park KS, Svennerholm K, Crescitelli R, Lässer C, Gribonika I, Andersson M, Boström J, Alalam H, Harandi AM, Farewell A, Lötvall J. Detoxified synthetic bacterial membrane vesicles as a vaccine platform against bacteria and SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:156. [PMID: 37208676 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that naturally bud off from bacteria is an evolving field in infectious diseases. However, the inherent inflammatory nature of OMV limits their use as human vaccines. This study employed an engineered vesicle technology to develop synthetic bacterial vesicles (SyBV) that activate the immune system without the severe immunotoxicity of OMV. SyBV were generated from bacterial membranes through treatment with detergent and ionic stress. SyBV induced less inflammatory responses in macrophages and in mice compared to natural OMV. Immunization with SyBV or OMV induced comparable antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Specifically, immunization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived SyBV protected mice against bacterial challenge, and this was accompanied by significant reduction in lung cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines. Further, immunization with Escherichia coli-derived SyBV protected mice against E. coli sepsis, comparable to OMV-immunized group. The protective activity of SyBV was driven by the stimulation of B-cell and T-cell immunity. Also, SyBV were engineered to display the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein on their surface, and these vesicles induced specific S1 protein antibody and T-cell responses. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SyBV may be a safe and efficient vaccine platform for the prevention of bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Svennerholm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mickael Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Boström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Alalam
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia, Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Farewell
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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15
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Laakmann K, Eckersberg JM, Hapke M, Wiegand M, Bierwagen J, Beinborn I, Preußer C, Pogge von Strandmann E, Heimerl T, Schmeck B, Jung AL. Bacterial extracellular vesicles repress the vascular protective factor RNase1 in human lung endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:111. [PMID: 37189117 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and characterized by blood stream infections associated with a dysregulated host response and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. Ribonuclease 1 (RNase1) acts as a protective factor of vascular homeostasis and is known to be repressed by massive and persistent inflammation, associated to the development of vascular pathologies. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are released upon infection and may interact with ECs to mediate EC barrier dysfunction. Here, we investigated the impact of bEVs of sepsis-related pathogens on human EC RNase1 regulation. METHODS bEVs from sepsis-associated bacteria were isolated via ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography and used for stimulation of human lung microvascular ECs combined with and without signaling pathway inhibitor treatments. RESULTS bEVs from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium significantly reduced RNase1 mRNA and protein expression and activated ECs, while TLR2-inducing bEVs from Streptococcus pneumoniae did not. These effects were mediated via LPS-dependent TLR4 signaling cascades as they could be blocked by Polymyxin B. Additionally, LPS-free ClearColi™ had no impact on RNase1. Further characterization of TLR4 downstream pathways involving NF-кB and p38, as well as JAK1/STAT1 signaling, revealed that RNase1 mRNA regulation is mediated via a p38-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSION Blood stream bEVs from gram-negative, sepsis-associated bacteria reduce the vascular protective factor RNase1, opening new avenues for therapeutical intervention of EC dysfunction via promotion of RNase1 integrity. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Laakmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorina Mona Eckersberg
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Hapke
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Wiegand
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeff Bierwagen
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Beinborn
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Preußer
- Institute for Tumor Immunology and Core Facility - Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology and Core Facility - Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heimerl
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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16
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Nong Y, Wei X, Yu D. Inflammatory mechanisms and intervention strategies for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e860. [PMID: 37249297 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is the leading cause of death in patients with sepsis in the intensive care units. The main manifestations of SIMD are systolic and diastolic dysfunctions of the myocardium. Despite our initial understanding of the SIMD over the past three decades, the incidence and mortality of SIMD remain high. This may be attributed to the large degree of heterogeneity among the initiating factors, disease processes, and host states involved in SIMD. Previously, organ dysfunction caused by sepsis was thought to be an impairment brought about by an excessive inflammatory response. However, many recent studies have shown that SIMD is a consequence of a combination of factors shaped by the inflammatory responses between the pathogen and the host. In this article, we review the mechanisms of the inflammatory responses and potential novel therapeutic strategies in SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Nong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Wei
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Whitehead B, Antennuci F, Boysen AT, Nejsum P. Polymyxin B inhibits pro-inflammatory effects of E. coli outer membrane vesicles whilst increasing immune cell uptake and clearance. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:360-364. [PMID: 37016014 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymyxin B (PMB) is a peptide based antibiotic that binds the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with a resultant bactericidal effect. The interaction of PMB with LPS presented on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is not fully known, however, a sacrificial role of OMVs in protecting bacterial cells by sequestering PMB has been described. Here we assess the ability of PMB to neutralize the immune-stimulatory properties of OMVs whilst modulating the uptake of OMVs in human immune cells. We show for the first time that PMB increases immune cell uptake of Escherichia coli derived OMVs whilst inhibiting TNF and IL-1β production. Therefore, we present a potential new role for PMB in the neutralization of OMVs via LPS masking and increased immune cell uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Whitehead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Fabio Antennuci
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders T Boysen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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18
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Alternative biological sources for extracellular vesicles production and purification strategies for process scale-up. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108092. [PMID: 36608746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipidic bi-layer enclosed nanoparticles secreted naturally by all cell types. They are attracting increasing attention in the fields of nanomedicine, nutraceutics and cosmetics as biocompatible carriers for drug delivery, with intrinsic properties beneficial to human health. Scientific work now focuses on developing techniques for isolating EVs that can translate into industrial-scale production and meet rigorous clinical requirements. The science of EVs is ongoing, and many pitfalls must be addressed, such as the requirement for standard, reproducible, inexpensive, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) adherent EV processing techniques. Researchers are exploring the use of alternative sources to EVs derived from mammalian cultures, such as plant EVs, as well as the use of bacteria, algae and milk. Regarding the downstream processing of EVs, many alternative techniques to the ultracentrifugation (UC) protocols most commonly used in the laboratory are emerging. In the context of process scale-up, membrane-based processes for isolation and purification of EVs are the most promising, either as stand-alone processes or in combination with chromatographic techniques. This review discusses current trends on EVs source selection and EVs downstream processing techniques, with a focus on plant-derived EVs and membrane-based techniques for EVs enrichment.
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19
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vom Werth KL, Kemper B, Kampmeier S, Mellmann A. Application of Digital Holographic Microscopy to Analyze Changes in T-Cell Morphology in Response to Bacterial Challenge. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050762. [PMID: 36899897 PMCID: PMC10000559 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a non-invasive, label-free technique used to detect aberrant cell morphologies caused by disease, thus providing a useful diagnostic approach. Here, we evaluated the potential of QPI to differentiate specific morphological changes in human primary T-cells exposed to various bacterial species and strains. Cells were challenged with sterile bacterial determinants, i.e., membrane vesicles or culture supernatants, derived from different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Timelapse QPI by digital holographic microscopy (DHM) was applied to capture changes in T-cell morphology over time. After numerical reconstruction and image segmentation, we calculated single cell area, circularity and mean phase contrast. Upon bacterial challenge, T-cells underwent rapid morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, alterations of mean phase contrast and loss of cell integrity. Time course and intensity of this response varied between both different species and strains. The strongest effect was observed for treatment with S. aureus-derived culture supernatants that led to complete lysis of the cells. Furthermore, cell shrinkage and loss of circular shape was stronger in Gram-negative than in Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, T-cell response to bacterial virulence factors was concentration-dependent, as decreases in cellular area and circularity were enhanced with increasing concentrations of bacterial determinants. Our findings clearly indicate that T-cell response to bacterial stress depends on the causative pathogen, and specific morphological alterations can be detected using DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Björn Kemper
- Biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kampmeier
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-55361
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20
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Weber B, Henrich D, Hildebrand F, Marzi I, Leppik L. THE ROLES OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN SEPSIS AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME. Shock 2023; 59:161-172. [PMID: 36730865 PMCID: PMC9940838 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, caused by dysregulation of the host response to infection. To understand the underlying mechanisms of sepsis, the vast spectrum of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining importance in this research field. A connection between EVs and sepsis was shown in 1998 in an endotoxemia pig model. Since then, the number of studies describing EVs as markers and mediators of sepsis increased steadily. Extracellular vesicles in sepsis could be friends and foes at the same time depending on their origin and cargo. On the one hand, transfer of EVs or outer membrane vesicles can induce sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome with comparable efficiency as well-established methods, such as cecal ligation puncture or lipopolysaccharide injection. On the other hand, EVs could provide certain therapeutic effects, mediated via reduction of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, influence on macrophage polarization and apoptosis, as well as increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, EVs could be helpful in the diagnosis of sepsis. Extracellular vesicles of different cellular origin, such as leucocytes, macrophages, platelets, and granulocytes, have been suggested as potential sepsis biomarkers. They ensure the diagnosis of sepsis earlier than classical clinical inflammation markers, such as C-reactive protein, leucocytes, or IL-6. This review summarizes the three roles of EVs in sepsis-mediator/inducer, biomarker, and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen. Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Tian C, Wang K, Zhao M, Cong S, Di X, Li R. Extracellular vesicles participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1018692. [PMID: 36579343 PMCID: PMC9791067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1018692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The early diagnosis and effective treatment of sepsis still face challenges due to its rapid progression, dynamic changes, and strong heterogeneity among different individuals. To develop novel strategies to control sepsis, a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of sepsis is vital. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from cells through different mechanisms. In the disease state, the number of EVs produced by activated or apoptotic cells and the cargoes they carry were altered. They regulated the function of local or distant host cells in autocrine or paracrine ways. Current studies have found that EVs are involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis through multiple pathways. In this review, we focus on changes in the cargoes of EVs in sepsis, the regulatory roles of EVs derived from host cells and bacteria, and how EVs are involved in multiple pathological processes and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Overall, EVs have great application prospects in sepsis, such as early diagnosis of sepsis, dynamic monitoring of disease, precise therapeutic targets, and prevention of sepsis as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Ranwei Li,
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22
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Mishra S, Amatya SB, Salmi S, Koivukangas V, Karihtala P, Reunanen J. Microbiota and Extracellular Vesicles in Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205121. [PMID: 36291904 PMCID: PMC9600290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have emerged as contemporary treatments for a variety of cancers. However, the efficacy of antibody-based ICIs could be further enhanced. Microbiota have been demonstrated to be among the vital factors governing cancer progression and response to therapy in patients. Bacteria secrete extracellular vesicles carrying bioactive metabolites within their cargo that can cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and alter the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles, particularly those derived from bacteria, could thus be of promising assistance in refining the treatment outcomes for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The potentiality of microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in improving the currently used treatments and presenting new therapeutic avenues for cancer has been featured in this review. Abstract Cancer is a deadly disease worldwide. In light of the requisite of convincing therapeutic methods for cancer, immune checkpoint inhibition methods such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy appear promising. Human microbiota have been exhibited to regulate susceptibility to cancer as well as the response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. However, the probable contribution of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in cancer pathophysiology and treatment has not been investigated much. bEVs illustrate the ability to cross physiological barriers, assemble around the tumor cells, and likely modify the tumor microenvironment (EVs). This systematic review emphasizes the correlation between cancer-associated extracellular vesicles, particularly bEVs and the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The clinical and pharmacological prospective of bEVs in revamping the contemporary treatments for cancer has been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Mishra
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja Salmi
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence:
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23
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Park KS, Bergqvist M, Lässer C, Lötvall J. Targeting Myd88 using peptide-loaded mesenchymal stem cell membrane-derived synthetic vesicles to treat systemic inflammation. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:451. [PMID: 36243859 PMCID: PMC9571445 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) with a regenerative profile, and an increasing number of studies have focused on the utilization of MSC-EV for therapeutic drug delivery. However, EV are usually produced by cells in low quantities and are packed with numerous cytoplasmic components, which may be unfavorable for further drug loading. In this study, we developed a simple process for generating membrane vesicles directly from the cells, which we refer to as synthetic eukaryotic vesicles (SyEV). We hypothesized that MSC-derived SyEV can be efficiently loaded with an anti-inflammatory drug and the loaded vesicles can strongly suppress the systemic inflammation induced by bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV). SyEV were generated from MSC membranes through serial extrusion of the cells, ionic stress, and subsequent vesiculation of the membrane sheets, leading to high yield and purity of the SyEV with few cytosolic components remaining. When these SyEV were given to macrophages or mice exposed to OMV, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was similarly attenuated comparable to treatment with natural EV. We then loaded the SyEV with large numbers of peptides targeting Myd88 and observed enhanced therapeutic potential of the loaded vesicles in OMV-induced macrophages. Further, in vivo experiments showed that the peptide-encapsulated MSC-SyEV suppressed cytokine production synergistically. Taken together, these findings suggest that SyEV-based therapeutics is a highly interesting platform for delivering an advanced therapeutic drug for the treatment of systemic inflammation without severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Markus Bergqvist
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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24
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Michel LV, Gaborski T. Outer Membrane Vesicles as Molecular Biomarkers for Gram-negative Sepsis: Taking Advantage of Nature's Perfect Packages. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102483. [PMID: 36108741 PMCID: PMC9576880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an often life-threatening response to infection, occurring when host pro-inflammatory immune responses become abnormally elevated and dysregulated. To diagnose sepsis, the patient must have a confirmed or predicted infection, as well as other symptoms associated with the pathophysiology of sepsis. However, a recent study found that a specific causal organism could not be determined in the majority (70.1%) of sepsis cases, likely due to aggressive antibiotics or localized infections. The timing of a patient's sepsis diagnosis is often predictive of their clinical outcome, underlining the need for a more definitive molecular diagnostic test. Here, we outline the advantages and challenges to using bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nanoscale spherical buds derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, as a diagnostic biomarker for Gram-negative sepsis. Advantages include OMV abundance, their robustness in the presence of antibiotics, and their unique features derived from their parent cell that could allow for differentiation between bacterial species. Challenges include the rigorous purification methods required to isolate OMVs from complex biofluids and the additional need to separate OMVs from similarly-sized extracellular vesicles, which can share physical properties with OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vacca Michel
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Thomas Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
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25
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Mat Rani NNI, Alzubaidi ZM, Butt AM, Mohammad Faizal NDF, Sekar M, Azhari H, Mohd Amin MCI. Outer membrane vesicles as biomimetic vaccine carriers against infections and cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1784. [PMID: 35194964 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, nanoparticle-based therapeutic modalities have emerged as promising treatment options for cancer and infectious diseases. To improve prognosis, chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial drugs must be delivered selectively to the target sites. Researchers have increasingly focused their efforts on improving drug delivery, with a particular emphasis on cancer and infectious diseases. When drugs are administered systemically, they become diluted and can diffuse to all tissues but only until the immune system intervenes and quickly removes them from circulation. To enhance and prolong the systemic circulation of drugs, nanocarriers have been explored and used; however, nanocarriers have a major drawback in that they can trigger immune responses. Numerous nanocarriers for optimal drug delivery have been developed using innovative and effective biointerface technologies. Autologous cell-derived drug carriers, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have demonstrated improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity. Thus, this study investigates the use of biomimetic OMVs as biomimetic vaccine carriers against infections and cancers to improve our understanding in the field of nanotechnology. In addition, discussion on the advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects of OMVs will also be explored. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa M Alzubaidi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeel Masood Butt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nur Dini Fatini Mohammad Faizal
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Huang W, Meng L, Chen Y, Dong Z, Peng Q. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as potential biological nanomaterials for antibacterial therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:102-115. [PMID: 34896632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections. However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have compromised the efficacy of traditional antibiotic therapy. In this regard, it is of great importance and significance to develop more potent antimicrobial therapies, including the development of functionalized antibiotics delivery systems and antibiotics-independent antimicrobial agents. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), secreted by Gram-negative bacteria and with similar structure to cell-derived exosomes, are natural functional nanomaterials and known to play important roles in many bacterial life events, such as communication, biofilm formation and pathogenesis. Recently, more and more reports have demonstrated the use of OMVs as either active antibacterial agents or antibiotics delivery carriers, implying the great potentials of OMVs in antibacterial therapy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of OMV and its antibacterial applications, including its biogenesis, biofunctions, isolation, purification and its potentials in killing bacteria, delivering antibiotics and developing vaccine or immunoadjuvants. In addition, the concerns in clinical use of OMVs and the possible solutions are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to the failure of traditional antibiotic therapy, and thus become a big threat to human beings. In this regard, developing more potent antibacterial approaches is of great importance and significance. Recently, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are natural functional nanomaterials secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, have been used as active agents, drug carriers and vaccine adjuvant for antibacterial therapy. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of OMVs and summarizes the recent progress of OMVs in antibacterial applications. The concerns of OMVs in clinical use and the possible solutions are also discussed. As such, this review may guide the future works in antibacterial OMVs and appeal to both scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingxi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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27
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Investigating Morphological Changes of T-lymphocytes after Exposure with Bacterial Determinants for Early Detection of Septic Conditions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020391. [PMID: 35208846 PMCID: PMC8879819 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, annually affecting millions of people worldwide. Immediate treatment initiation is crucial to improve the outcome but despite great progress, early identification of septic patients remains a challenge. Recently, white blood cell morphology was proposed as a new biomarker for sepsis diagnosis. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to investigate the effect of different bacteria and their determinants on T-lymphocytes by digital holographic microscopy (DHM). We hypothesize that species- and strain-specific morphological changes occur, which may offer a new approach for early sepsis diagnosis and identification of the causative agent. Jurkat cells as a model system were exposed to different S. aureus or E. coli strains either using sterile determinants or living bacteria. Time-lapse DHM was applied to analyze cellular morphological changes. There were not only living bacteria but also membrane vesicles and sterile culture supernatant-induced changes of cell area, circularity, and mean phase contrast. Interestingly, different cellular responses occurred depending on both the species and strain of the causative bacteria. Our findings suggest that investigation of T-lymphocyte morphology might provide a promising tool for the early identification of bacterial infections and possibly discrimination between different causative agents. Distinguishing gram-positive from gram-negative infection would already offer a great benefit for the proper administration of antibiotics.
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28
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Park K, Svennerholm K, Crescitelli R, Lässer C, Gribonika I, Lötvall J. Synthetic bacterial vesicles combined with tumour extracellular vesicles as cancer immunotherapy. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12120. [PMID: 34262675 PMCID: PMC8254025 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have gained attention as a promising new cancer vaccine platform for efficiently provoking immune responses. However, OMV induce severe toxicity by activating the innate immune system. In this study, we applied a simple isolation approach to produce artificial OMV that we have named Synthetic Bacterial Vesicles (SyBV) that do not induce a severe toxic response. We also explored the potential of SyBV as an immunotherapy combined with tumour extracellular vesicles to induce anti-tumour immunity. Bacterial SyBV were produced with high yield by a protocol including lysozyme and high pH treatment, resulting in pure vesicles with very few cytosolic components and no RNA or DNA. These SyBV did not cause systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in mice compared to naturally released OMV. However, SyBV and OMV were similarly effective in activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Co-immunization with SyBV and melanoma extracellular vesicles elicited tumour regression in melanoma-bearing mice through Th-1 type T cell immunity and balanced antibody production. Also, the immunotherapeutic effect of SyBV was synergistically enhanced by anti-PD-1 inhibitor. Moreover, SyBV displayed significantly greater adjuvant activity than other classical adjuvants. Taken together, these results demonstrate a safe and efficient strategy for eliciting specific anti-tumour responses using immunotherapeutic bacterial SyBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong‐Su Park
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kristina Svennerholm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineInstitute of Clinical ScienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research CentreInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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29
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Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Understanding biology promotes applications as nanopharmaceuticals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:125-140. [PMID: 33774113 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication between proximal and distant cells is a highly conserved characteristic in all of the life domains, including bacteria. These vesicles that contain a variety of biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small-molecule metabolites play a key role in the biology of bacteria. They are one of the key underlying mechanisms behind harmful or beneficial effects of many pathogenic, symbiont, and probiotic bacteria. These nanoscale EVs mediate extensive crosstalk with mammalian cells and deliver their cargos to the host. They are stable in physiological condition, can encapsulate diverse biomolecules and nanoparticles, and their surface could be engineered with available technologies. Based on favorable characteristics of bacterial vesicles, they can be harnessed for designing a diverse range of therapeutics and diagnostics for treatment of disorders including tumors and resistant infections. However, technical limitations for their production, purification, and characterization must be addressed in future studies.
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30
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Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles and metabolic syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13600. [PMID: 33319492 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Metabolic syndrome is a major health problem concerning approximately 25% of worldwide population. Metabolic syndrome regroups a cluster of five metabolic abnormalities predisposing to Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Dysbiotic gut microbiota is accompanied by an increase of both intestinal permeability and pathogen-associated molecular patterns translocation into blood circulation to induce metabolic endotoxemia responsible for the low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Among pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bacterial extracellular vesicles are gaining growing attention. The latter are produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and are vectors of communication between gut microbiota and its host The present review brings evidence to the importance of the control of the balance between the different subsets of gut microbiota in the development of metabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The ability of bacteria, including gut bacteria, to release extracellular vesicles implicated in host metabolic homeostasis is highlighted with their plethora of actions on intestinal barrier, inflammation and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Bacterial extracellular vesicles can be considered as key players in the pathophysiological of metabolic diseases and may represent an interesting strategy for specific manipulations of microbiome for promoting host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villard
- INSERM UMR1063 Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques Faculté de Santé Université d’AngersUniversité Bretagne Loire Angers France
- Hémodynamique Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH) Angers France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Hémodynamique Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH) Angers France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063 Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques Faculté de Santé Université d’AngersUniversité Bretagne Loire Angers France
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31
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Li T, Chen Y, Li Y, Yao Z, Liu W. FAM134B-mediated endoplasmic reticulum autophagy protects against sepsis myocardial injury in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13535-13547. [PMID: 33819192 PMCID: PMC8202901 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reticulophagy regulator 1 (RETEG1, also known as FAM134B) plays a crucial role in endoplasmic reticulum autophagy. We aimed to explore the effect of FAM134B-mediated endoplasmic reticulum autophagy in sepsis myocardial injury in mice. Sepsis myocardial injury mice were established via cecal ligation and puncture procedures. The expression of FAM134B and LC3-II/I was determined using immunohistochemistry. Myocardial tissue morphological changes and apoptosis were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TUNEL analysis. The effects of FAM134B knockdown or overexpression on mice with sepsis myocardial injury were also studied. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autophagy- and apoptosis-related protein expression was detected using western blotting. The effect of FAM134B on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced cardiomyocytes was also studied. The expression of FAM134B and LC3-II/I increased in sepsis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cardiomyocytes. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) significantly inhibited FAM134B and LC3-II/I expression and promoted myocardial injury, inflammation response, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The overexpression of FAM134B could minimize myocardial injury, inflammation, and apoptosis, whereas FAM134B knockdown showed opposite effects. FAM134B-mediated endoplasmic reticulum autophagy had a protective effect on sepsis myocardial injury in mice by reducing inflammation and tissue apoptosis, which may provide new insights for sepsis myocardial injury therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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32
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Umezu T, Takanashi M, Murakami Y, Ohno SI, Kanekura K, Sudo K, Nagamine K, Takeuchi S, Ochiya T, Kuroda M. Acerola exosome-like nanovesicles to systemically deliver nucleic acid medicine via oral administration. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:199-208. [PMID: 33850951 PMCID: PMC8010214 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles derived from mammalian cells could be useful carriers for drug delivery systems (DDSs); however, with regard to clinical application, there are several issues to be overcome. Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a popular health food. In this study, the feasibility of orally administered nucleic acid drug delivery by acerola exosome-like nanoparticles (AELNs) was examined. AELNs were recovered from acerola juice using an affinity column instead of ultracentrifugation. MicroRNA (miRNA) was sufficiently encapsulated in AELNs by 30-min incubation on ice and was protected against RNase, strong acid, and base treatments. The administration of an AELN/miRNA mixture in cells achieved downregulation of the miRNA’s target gene, and this mixture showed cytoplasmic localization. AELNs orally delivered small RNA to the digestive system in vivo. The target gene-suppressing effect in the small intestine and liver peaked 1 day after administration, indicating potential for use as an oral DDS for nucleic acid in the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Umezu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ohno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Preclinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagamine
- Research and Development, Global Innovation Center, Nichirei Biosciences inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Takeuchi
- Research and Development, Global Innovation Center, Nichirei Biosciences inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Liu L, Wu J, Gao J, Lu X. Bacteria-Derived Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Containers for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000893. [PMID: 32945152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, investigations on bacteria-derived materials have progressed from being a proof of concept to a means for improving traditional biomaterials. Owing to their unique characteristics, such as gene manipulation, rapid proliferation, and specific targeting, bacteria-derived materials have provided remarkable flexibility in applied biomedical functionalization. In this review, bacteria-derived nanoparticles are focused on as a promising biomaterial, introducing several bacterial species with great potential and useful strategies for fabrication. Through well-designed choices, bacteria-derived nanoparticles can be exploited to obtain functional bacteria-mimicking materials for a variety of applications, including cargo delivery, imaging, therapy, and immune modulation. Finally, the prospects and challenges of bacteria-derived nanoparticles are discussed. Particularly, safety concerns regarding the use of bacteria and their immunogenicity remain major obstacles to the clinical application of bacteria-derived nanoparticles and these concerns are immediate priorities for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
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Matías J, Pastor Y, Irache JM, Gamazo C. Protective Passive Immunity in Escherichia coli ETEC-Challenged Neonatal Mice Conferred by Orally Immunized Dams with Nanoparticles Containing Homologous Outer Membrane Vesicles. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020286. [PMID: 32521603 PMCID: PMC7350024 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of illness and death in mammals, including neonatal, recently weaned pigs and infant human beings. We have previously shown that outer membrane vesicles (OMV) obtained from ETEC serotypes encapsulated into zein nanoparticles, coated with a Gantrez-mannosamine polymer conjugate (OMV-NP), were immunogenic in mice and sows. In the present study, we show that pups from vaccinated mice were protected against ETEC F4 serotype challenge through maternal passive immunization. OMV from F4 cultures were collected and characterized. Two-week-pregnant BALB/c mice were orally immunized with a single dose of vesicles (0.2 mg) either free (OMV) or encapsulated into nanoparticles (OMV-NP). Evaluation of the antibodies in serum (IgG1, Ig2a or IgA) and feces (IgA) of dams immunized with OMV-NP revealed an enhancement of specific immunogenicity. The antibody response conferred by the nanoparticle adjuvant was also correlated with IL-6 and IL-10 splenic levels. Each mother was allowed to feed her progeny for one week. Suckling pups presented specific IgA in feces demonstrating their passive immunization through colostrum intake. Two weeks after the pups were born, they were infected orally with a single dose of F4 E. coli (1.2 × 108 CFU/pup). Results showed that 70% of the pups from dams immunized with OMV-NP were protected. In contrast, 80% of the pups from dams immunized with free OMV died as a result of the experimental challenge. These findings support the use of zein nanoparticles coated with a Gantrez-mannosamine shield as adjuvant delivery system for the oral immunization during pregnancy to confer immunity to the offspring through maternal immunization
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Matías
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yadira Pastor
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Juan M. Irache
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.M.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Potestà M, Roglia V, Fanelli M, Pietrobono E, Gismondi A, Vumbaca S, Nguedia Tsangueu RG, Canini A, Colizzi V, Grelli S, Minutolo A, Montesano C. Effect of microvesicles from Moringa oleifera containing miRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in tumor cell lines. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:43. [PMID: 32550010 PMCID: PMC7272625 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microvesicles are key mediators of cell-cell communication. Exosomes function as microRNA transporters, playing a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. Plant microvesicles (MVs) display similar features to mammalian exosomes, and these MVs might enhance plant microRNA delivery in mammals. Considering that plant microRNAs have been newly identified as bioactive constituents in medicinal plants, and that their potential role as regulators in mammals has been underlined, in this study, we characterized MVs purified from Moringa oleifera seeds aqueous extract (MOES MVs) and used flow cytometry methods to quantify the ability to deliver their content to host cells. The microRNAs present in MOES MVs were characterized, and through a bioinformatic analysis, specific human apoptosis-related target genes of plant miRNAs were identified. In tumor cell lines, MOES MVs treatment reduced viability, increased apoptosis levels associated with a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, the effects observed with MOES MVs treatment were comparable to those observed with MOES treatment and transfection with the pool of small RNAs isolated from MOES, used as a control. These results highlight the role of microRNAs transported by MOES MVs as natural bioactive plant compounds that counteract tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Potestà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Roglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Fanelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pietrobono
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Vumbaca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Rueter C, Bielaszewska M. Secretion and Delivery of Intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Factors via Outer Membrane Vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:91. [PMID: 32211344 PMCID: PMC7068151 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale proteoliposomes secreted from the cell envelope of all Gram-negative bacteria. Originally considered as an artifact of the cell wall, OMVs are now recognized as a general secretion system, which serves to improve the fitness of bacteria and facilitate bacterial interactions in polymicrobial communities as well as interactions between the microbe and the host. In general, OMVs are released in increased amounts from pathogenic bacteria and have been found to harbor much of the contents of the parental bacterium. They mainly encompass components of the outer membrane and the periplasm including various virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, and immunomodulatory molecules. Numerous studies have clearly shown that the delivery of toxins and other virulence factors via OMVs essentially influences their interactions with host cells. Here, we review the OMV-mediated intracellular deployment of toxins and other virulence factors with a special focus on intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Especially, OMVs ubiquitously produced and secreted by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) appear as a highly advanced mechanism for secretion and simultaneous, coordinated and direct delivery of bacterial virulence factors into host cells. OMV-associated virulence factors are not only stabilized by the association with OMVs, but can also often target previously unknown target structures and perform novel activities. The toxins are released by OMVs in their active forms and are transported via cell sorting processes to their specific cell compartments, where they can develop their detrimental effects. OMVs can be considered as bacterial “long distance weapons” that attack host tissues and help bacterial pathogens to establish the colonization of their biological niche(s), impair host cell function, and modulate the defense of the host. Thus, OMVs contribute significantly to the virulence of the pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rueter
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute of Infectiology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Bielaszewska
- National Institute of Public Health, Reference Laboratory for E. coli and Shigellae, Prague, Czechia.,Institute for Hygiene, University Hospital of Muenster, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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Crescitelli R, Lässer C, Jang SC, Cvjetkovic A, Malmhäll C, Karimi N, Höög JL, Johansson I, Fuchs J, Thorsell A, Gho YS, Olofsson Bagge R, Lötvall J. Subpopulations of extracellular vesicles from human metastatic melanoma tissue identified by quantitative proteomics after optimized isolation. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1722433. [PMID: 32128073 PMCID: PMC7034452 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1722433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of extracellular vesicle (EV) studies conducted to date have been performed on cell lines with little knowledge on how well these represent the characteristics of EVs in vivo. The aim of this study was to establish a method to isolate and categorize subpopulations of EVs isolated directly from tumour tissue. First we established an isolation protocol for subpopulations of EVs from metastatic melanoma tissue, which included enzymatic treatment (collagenase D and DNase). Small and large EVs were isolated with differential ultracentrifugation, and these were further separated into high and low-density (HD and LD) fractions. All EV subpopulations were then analysed in depth using electron microscopy, Bioanalyzer®, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and quantitative mass spectrometry analysis. Subpopulations of EVs with distinct size, morphology, and RNA and protein cargo could be isolated from the metastatic melanoma tissue. LD EVs showed an RNA profile with the presence of 18S and 28S ribosomal subunits. In contrast, HD EVs had RNA profiles with small or no peaks for ribosomal RNA subunits. Quantitative proteomics showed that several proteins such as flotillin-1 were enriched in both large and small LD EVs, while ADAM10 were exclusively enriched in small LD EVs. In contrast, mitofilin was enriched only in the large EVs. We conclude that enzymatic treatments improve EV isolation from dense fibrotic tissue without any apparent effect on molecular or morphological characteristics. By providing a detailed categorization of several subpopulations of EVs isolated directly from tumour tissues, we might better understand the function of EVs in tumour biology and their possible use in biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Crescitelli
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Su Chul Jang
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Cvjetkovic
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nasibeh Karimi
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna L Höög
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Iva Johansson
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Fuchs
- Proteomic Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomic Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - R Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jones EJ, Booth C, Fonseca S, Parker A, Cross K, Miquel-Clopés A, Hautefort I, Mayer U, Wileman T, Stentz R, Carding SR. The Uptake, Trafficking, and Biodistribution of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Generated Outer Membrane Vesicles. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32117106 PMCID: PMC7015872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria ubiquitously produce and release nano-size, non-replicative outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the gastrointestinal (GI-) tract, OMVs generated by members of the intestinal microbiota are believed to contribute to maintaining the intestinal microbial ecosystem and mediating bacteria-host interactions, including the delivery of bacterial effector molecules to host cells to modulate their physiology. Bacterial OMVs have also been found in the bloodstream although their origin and fate are unclear. Here we have investigated the interactions between OMVs produced by the major human gut commensal bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), with cells of the GI-tract. Using a combination of in vitro culture systems including intestinal epithelial organoids and in vivo imaging we show that intestinal epithelial cells principally acquire Bt OMVs via dynamin-dependent endocytosis followed by intracellular trafficking to LAMP-1 expressing endo-lysosomal vesicles and co-localization with the perinuclear membrane. We observed that Bt OMVs can also transmigrate through epithelial cells via a paracellular route with in vivo imaging demonstrating that within hours of oral administration Bt OMVs can be detected in systemic tissues and in particular, the liver. Our findings raise the intriguing possibility that OMVs may act as a long-distance microbiota-host communication system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Jones
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Booth
- Core Science Resources, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Fonseca
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee Parker
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Cross
- Core Science Resources, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ariadna Miquel-Clopés
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulrike Mayer
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wileman
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Régis Stentz
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Park KS, Svennerholm K, Shelke GV, Bandeira E, Lässer C, Jang SC, Chandode R, Gribonika I, Lötvall J. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived nanovesicles ameliorate bacterial outer membrane vesicle-induced sepsis via IL-10. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:231. [PMID: 31370884 PMCID: PMC6676541 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis remains a source of high mortality in hospitalized patients despite proper antibiotic approaches. Encouragingly, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their produced extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to elicit anti-inflammatory effects in multiple inflammatory conditions including sepsis. However, EVs are generally released from mammalian cells in relatively low amounts, and high-yield isolation of EVs is still challenging due to a complicated procedure. To get over these limitations, vesicles very similar to EVs can be produced by serial extrusions of cells, after which they are called nanovesicles (NVs). We hypothesized that MSC-derived NVs can attenuate the cytokine storm induced by bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mice, and we aimed to elucidate the mechanism involved. Methods NVs were produced from MSCs by the breakdown of cells through serial extrusions and were subsequently floated in a density gradient. Morphology and the number of NVs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with Escherichia coli-derived OMVs to establish sepsis, and then injected with 2 × 109 NVs. Innate inflammation was assessed in peritoneal fluid and blood through investigation of infiltration of cells and cytokine production. The biodistribution of NVs labeled with Cy7 dye was analyzed using near-infrared imaging. Results Electron microscopy showed that NVs have a nanometer-size spherical shape and harbor classical EV marker proteins. In mice, NVs inhibited eye exudates and hypothermia, signs of a systemic cytokine storm, induced by intraperitoneal injection of OMVs. Moreover, NVs significantly suppressed cytokine release into the systemic circulation, as well as neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in the peritoneum. The protective effect of NVs was significantly reduced by prior treatment with anti-interleukin (IL)-10 monoclonal antibody. In biodistribution study, NVs spread to the whole mouse body and localized in the lung, liver, and kidney at 6 h. Conclusions Taken together, these data indicate that MSC-derived NVs have beneficial effects in a mouse model of sepsis by upregulating the IL-10 production, suggesting that artificial NVs may be novel EV-mimetics clinically applicable to septic patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1352-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Svennerholm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh V Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elga Bandeira
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Su Chul Jang
- Codiak BioSciences Inc, 500 Technology Square, 9th floor, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rakesh Chandode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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40
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Abstract
Identification of active constituents of our diet is crucial to understand the impact of food on health, and disease development, and for the formulation of functional food and nutraceuticals. Until now research into the pharmacological properties of the components of our diet has focused on vitamins, sterols, polyphenols, fiber, etc. But very recently, it has been found that plants contain various types of vesicles which are in contact with the intestinal tract throughout our lives. They participate in intestinal tissue renewal processes and modulate gut microbiota in healthy subjects and have important biological functions against inflammatory diseases (e.g.; colitis injury, liver steatosis) or cancers associated with their specific lipid and miRNA content. In addition, recent data have suggested that plant-derived nanovesicles would be excellent candidates for the delivery of therapeutic agents (e.g.; anti-cancerous drugs, siRNAs) or poorly soluble natural compounds (e.g.; curcumin), as they are able to cross mammalian barriers without inducing either an inflammatory response or necrosis, conversely to conventional liposomes. It is thus important to consider these plant-derived vesicles as new components of our food in order to evaluate their potential for health benefit and food-derived technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory (UMR INSERM 1060-INRA 1397, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, 69310-Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Gao H, Gao Y, Yang C, Dong D, Yang J, Peng G, Peng J, Wang Y, Pan C, Dong W. Influence of outer membrane vesicles of Proteus mirabilis isolated from boar semen on sperm function. Vet Microbiol 2018; 224:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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