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Salimi Z, Aminnezhad Kavkani B, Allahyari P, Askarpour SA, Mahmoudi Z, Torkaman M, Hoseini MSM, Mousavi Z, Tajadod S, Valisoltani N, Khoshdooz S, Doaei S, Kooshki A, Gholamalizadeh M. Branched-chain amino acids and the risk of hypertension; a persian cohort-based study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:397. [PMID: 39085768 PMCID: PMC11290056 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of hypertension (HTN) and different types of dietary amino acids is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of branch chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the prevention of HTN. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4184 people aged 35 to 70 using data from the Sabzevar Persian cohort study in Sabzevar, Iran. Data on dietary intake of BCAAs including leucine, isoleucine, and valine were obtained using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed the link between HTN and BCAAs. RESULTS The results showed that participants with HTN had a higher total protein and BCAAs intake than participants with normal BP (P < 0.01). A marginally significant association was found between the risk of HTN with the total intake of BCAAs (OR = 1.018, CI95%: 1.001-1.035, P = 0.04), leucine (OR = 1.040, CI95%:1.002-1.080, P = 0.03), isoleucine (OR = 1.068, CI95%:1.001-1.140, P = 0.04), and valine (OR = 1.060, CI95%:1.003-1.121, P = 0.04). However, the association disappeared after adjusting the total protein and calorie intake. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the dietary intake of BCAAs may be associated with the risk of HTN. Future longitudinal research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pooneh Allahyari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Askarpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Division in Food Safety and Hygiene, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdie Torkaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mousavi
- Nursing and Midwifery school, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Valisoltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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Ortega RM, Arribas-López N, Salas-González MD, Aparicio A, González-Rodríguez LG, Bermejo LM, Lozano-Estevan MDC, Cuadrado-Soto E, López-Sobaler AM, Loria-Kohen V. High-Protein Processed Foods: Impact on Diet, Nutritional Status, and Possible Effects on Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1697. [PMID: 38892630 PMCID: PMC11174509 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are macronutrients with multiple health benefits, but excessive consumption can negatively affect health. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a sample of high-protein processed foods (HPPFs), describe how their consumption affects dietary balance, and acquire knowledge of the consumption patterns of these products in a Spanish population. A sample of HPPFs available in supermarkets and on websites was collected. The contribution to recommended protein intakes was calculated using national and international references and considering the single consumption of the HPPFs and the product plus 150 g of meat. Furthermore, an online survey was conducted among a convenience sample. A total of 36 enriched protein products were evaluated. The percentage of proteins in these products ranges from 10 to 88%. The contribution of the protein recommended intake was within a range of 87.4-306.6% and 66.4-232.8% (women and men, respectively), only considering the additional proteins from 150 g of meat. One hundred thirty-nine participants completed the survey; 67.6% affirmed that they had consumed HPPFs, and half consumed them without following any consumption control. Since these products are accessible to everyone in supermarkets and protein intake is generally higher than the recommended limits, regulating the mass sale of HPPFs is essential to ensure they do not lead to protein overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Arribas-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
| | - María Dolores Salas-González
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Guadalupe González-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.O.); (N.A.-L.); (M.D.S.-G.); (A.A.); (L.G.G.-R.); (L.M.B.); (M.D.C.L.-E.); (E.C.-S.); (A.M.L.-S.)
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Niknam M, Pasdar Y, Izadi N. Dietary amino acid profile and risk of hypertension: findings from the Ravansar cohort study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:68. [PMID: 38698490 PMCID: PMC11067075 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) is a significant global health concern associated with morbidity and mortality. Recent research has explored the potential relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of HTN. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acids and the incidence of HTN. METHODS This nested case-control study utilized data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The study included 491 new HTN cases identified over a 6-year follow-up period. For each case, four controls were randomly selected through density sampling. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 125 food items was used to calculate dietary amino acid intake. HTN was determined based on systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or current use of antihypertensive medication in subjects without pre-existing HTN at the start of the cohort study. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios for HTN risk. RESULTS The median intake of all amino acids was lower in patients with HTN compared to the control group. After adjusting for various variables in different models, the risk of developing HTN tended to increase with higher dietary amino acid intake (excluding tryptophan and acidic amino acids). Specifically, individuals in the third tertile had a higher risk of developing new HTN than those individuals in the lowest tertile, although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that there may be an association between increased dietary amino acid intake and the risk of developing HTN, although this association was not statistically significant in this study. Further investigations in diverse populations are needed to explore the relationship between amino acids and HTN, as well as to determine the potential positive and negative effects of specific amino acid patterns on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Grash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Nutritional Science Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Yu L, Zhu Q, Song P, Li Y, Man Q, Liu B, Jia S, Zhang J. Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake and new-onset hypertension: a nationwide prospective cohort study in China. Amino Acids 2024; 56:19. [PMID: 38460031 PMCID: PMC10924742 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk of developing hypertension. METHODS A cohort study of 14,883 Chinese adults without hypertension at baseline with were followed for an average of 8.9 years. Dietary intakes of BCAAs, including Ile, Leu, and Val, were collected using 3-day 24-h meal recall and household condiment weighing. Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic splines, interaction analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used to assess the relationship between dietary BCAAs and risk of developing self-reported hypertension, adjusting for age, gender, region, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking status, physical activity, energy intake, salt intake. RESULTS Among 14,883 study subjects, 6386(42.9%) subjects aged ≥ 45 years at baseline, 2692 (18.1%) had new-onset hypertension during the study period, with a median age of 56 years. High levels of dietary BCAAs were associated with an increased risk of new-onset hypertension. Compared with the 41st-60th percentile, multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset hypertension was 1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.32) for dietary BCAAs 61st-80th percentiles, 1.30 (1.13-1.50) for 81st-95th, 1.60 (1.32-1.95) for 96th-100th. The cut-off value of new-onset hypertension risk, total BCAAs, Ile, Leu, and Val were 15.7 g/day, 4.1 g/day, 6.9 g/day, 4.6 g/day, respectively, and the proportion of the population above these intake values were 13.9%, 13.1%, 15.4%, and 14.4%, respectively. Age, BMI, and salt intake had an interactive effect on this relationship (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION There was a significant positive association between total dietary BCAAs, Ile, Leu, Val intake and the risk of developing hypertension, after adjustment for confounders. This relationship was influenced by age, BMI, and salt intake. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism and potential role of BCAAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Man
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Cai S, Fu Y, Chen J, Tian M, Li X. Causal Relationship Between Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032084. [PMID: 38420789 PMCID: PMC10944042 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risks of hypertension via meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS A meta-analysis of 32 845 subjects was conducted to evaluate the relationships between BCAAs and hypertension. In Mendelian randomization analysis, independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BCAAs at the genome-wide significance level were selected as the instrumental variables. Meanwhile, the summary-level data for essential hypertension and secondary hypertension end points were obtained from the FinnGen study. As suggested by the meta-analysis results, elevated BCAA levels were associated with a higher risk of hypertension (isoleucine: summary odds ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.08-1.47]; leucine: summary odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.07-1.52]; valine: summary odds ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.12-1.57]). Moreover, the inverse variance-weighted method demonstrated that an elevated circulating isoleucine level might be the causal risk factor for essential hypertension but not secondary hypertension (essential hypertension: odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.12-1.34]; secondary hypertension: odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.54-1.68]). CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of 3 BCAAs positively correlated with an increased risk of hypertension. Particularly, elevated isoleucine level is a causal risk factor for essential hypertension. Increased levels of leucine and valine also tend to increase the risk of essential hypertension, but further verification is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingjie Tian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Deji HospitalAffiliated to Qingdao UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Abdi F, Mohammadzadeh M, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M. Dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among subjects with obesity; a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38355488 PMCID: PMC10865612 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is a growing global public health concern. Certain dietary amino acids have been shown to have a potential therapeutic role in improving metabolic syndrome parameters and body composition in individuals with obesity. However, some amino acids have been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acid patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 335 participants with obesity (57.9% males and 41.5% females) from Tabriz and Tehran, Iran. The participants were between the ages of 20-50, with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher, and free from certain medical conditions. The study examined participants' general characteristics, conducted anthropometric assessments, dietary assessments, and biochemical assessments. The study also used principal component analysis to identify amino acid intake patterns and determined the association between these patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. RESULTS Upon adjusting for potential confounders, the study found that individuals in the third tertiles of pattern 1 and 2 were more likely to have lower LDL levels (OR = 0.99 and 95% CI (0.98-0.99)) for both. Additionally, a significant decrease in total cholesterol was observed in the third tertiles of pattern 2 in model II (OR = 0.99, 95% CI (0.98-0.99)). These findings suggest a potential cardioprotective effect of these amino acid patterns in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity. CONCLUSIONS This study found that two identified amino acid patterns were associated with lower serum LDL and total cholesterol levels, while a third pattern was associated with higher serum triglycerides. The specific amino acids contributing to these patterns highlight the importance of targeted dietary interventions in managing cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran.
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Stadler K, Ilatovskaya DV. Renal Epithelial Mitochondria: Implications for Hypertensive Kidney Disease. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5225-5242. [PMID: 38158371 PMCID: PMC11194858 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 2 U.S. adults have hypertension, and more than 1 in 7 chronic kidney disease. In fact, hypertension is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the United States; it is a complex disease characterized by, leading to, and caused by renal dysfunction. It is well-established that hypertensive renal damage is accompanied by mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which are differentially regulated and manifested along the nephron due to the diverse structure and functions of renal cells. This article provides a summary of the relevant knowledge of mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism, focuses on renal mitochondrial function, and discusses the evidence that has been accumulated regarding the role of epithelial mitochondrial bioenergetics in the development of renal tissue dysfunction in hypertension. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5225-5242, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Pasdar Y, Niknam M, Izadi N. The association between dietary amino acid profile and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2284. [PMID: 37980456 PMCID: PMC10657569 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases and the main risk factors for T2D consist of a combination of lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and genetic factors. Amino acids are considered to be a major component of dietary sources for many of the associations between dietary protein and chronic disease. Therefore, this study amied to determine the association between dietary amino acid intakes and the incidence of T2D. METHODS The present nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The information required for this study was collected from individuals who participated in the Adult Cohort Study from the start of the study until September 2023. Over a 6-year follow-up period, data from 113 new T2D cases were available. Four controls were then randomly selected for each case using density sampling. Cases and controls were matched for sex and age at the interview. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data related to all amino acids including tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine were also extracted. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of T2D. RESULTS Using the univariable model, a significant association was found between T2D risk and branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, and essential amino acids in the fourth quartile. Accordingly, individuals in the fourth quartile had a 1.81- to 1.87-fold higher risk of developing new T2D than individuals in the lowest quartile (P<0.05). After adjustment for several variables, the risk of developing a new T2D was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.16-6.31), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.16-6.21), 2.98 (95% CI: 1.27-6.96), 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02-5.90), and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.13-6.25) times higher, for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, alcoholic, and essential amino acids compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the risk of developing a new T2D was higher for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain amino acids, alkaline, sulfate, and essential amino acids than in the lower quartile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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10
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Teeny S, Jarrell ZR, Krigbaum NY, Cirillo PM, Go YM, Cohn BA, Jones DP. Third Trimester Serum Amino Acid Metabolism is Associated with Maternal Breast Cancer Diagnosed within 15 years of Pregnancy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3272893. [PMID: 37674716 PMCID: PMC10479404 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3272893/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A prospective metabolome-wide association study revealed widespread amino acid limitation in late pregnancy is associated with early onset breast cancer. Archival third trimester pregnancy serum samples from 172 women who subsequently were diagnosed with breast cancer within 38 years after pregnancy were compared to 351 women without breast cancer. No individual metabolite differed after false discovery rate adjustment, indicating that individual metabolites are unlikely to be useful for classification or prediction. Despite this, pathway enrichment analysis showed that amino acid pathways, including lysine, arginine, proline, aspartate, asparagine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, branched-chain amino acid and urea cycle, were enriched among metabolites that differed at raw p < 0.05. Several of these pathways previously were linked to breast carcinogen exposures, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and perfluorinated alkyl substances. Network analyses showed that amino acids correlated with parity and the ratio of estriol to estrone and estradiol known risk factors for breast cancer in this cohort. Overall, amino acid associations were stronger for early onset breast cancer, defined here as occurring within the first 15 years following pregnancy. Although results must be interpreted cautiously, lower amino acid concentrations for histidine, threonine and proline, and stronger associations for tryptophan, histidine, and lysine pathways with breast cancer within 15 years, suggests that amino acid limitations during late pregnancy contribute to metabolic reprogramming that is causally related to early onset breast cancer. Environmental chemical effects on nutrient sensing could account for these effects through known oncogenic mechanisms linked to nutrient stress.
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11
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Rattner JI, Kopciuk KA, Vogel HJ, Tang PA, Shapiro JD, Tu D, Jonker DJ, Siu LL, O'Callaghan CJ, Bathe OF. Clinical and metabolomic characterization of Brivanib-Induced hypertension in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16019-16031. [PMID: 37329221 PMCID: PMC10469666 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have not demonstrated dramatic benefits in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), and this may be a function of poor patient selection. TKI-induced hypertension is reportedly a surrogate marker for treatment benefit for some tumor types. Our objective was to determine whether hypertension was associated with benefit in the context of CRC treatment, and also to gain insight on the pathogenesis of TKI-induced hypertension by monitoring associated changes in the circulating metabolome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data were acquired from clinical trial patients with metastatic CRC randomized to cetuximab ± the TKI brivanib (N = 750). Outcomes were evaluated as a function of treatment-induced hypertension. For metabolomic studies, plasma samples were taken at baseline, as well as at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Samples were submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify treatment-related metabolomic changes associated with TKI-induced hypertension, compared to pre-treatment baseline. A model based on changes in metabolite concentrations was generated using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). RESULTS In the brivanib treated group, 95 patients had treatment-related hypertension within 12 weeks of initiating treatment. TKI-induced hypertension was not associated with a significantly higher response rate, nor was it associated with improved progression-free or overall survival. In metabolomic studies, 386 metabolites were identified. There were 29 metabolites that changed with treatment and distinguished patients with and without TKI-induced hypertension. The OPLS-DA model for brivanib-induced hypertension was significant and robust (R2 Y score = 0.89, Q2 Y score = 0.70, CV-ANOVA = 2.01 e-7). Notable metabolomic features previously reported in pre-eclampsia and associated with vasoconstriction were found. CONCLUSION TKI-induced hypertension was not associated with clinical benefit in metastatic CRC. We have identified changes in the metabolome that are associated with the development of worsening brivanib-induced hypertension that may be useful in future efforts of characterizing this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi I. Rattner
- Cumming School of MedicineArnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Karen A. Kopciuk
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- Department Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Patricia A. Tang
- Cumming School of MedicineArnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Jeremy D. Shapiro
- Department of Medical OncologyCarbini HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Dongsheng Tu
- Department of Community Health & EpidemiologyQueens UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Derek J. Jonker
- Division of Medical OncologyOttawa Hospital Cancer CentreOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Lillian L. Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and HematologyPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Chris J. O'Callaghan
- Department of Community Health & EpidemiologyQueens UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Oliver F. Bathe
- Cumming School of MedicineArnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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12
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Aguiar SDS, Gonçalves IDO, Calvani R, Tosato M, Landi F, Picca A, Marzetti E. High Protein Intake at Lunch Is Negatively Associated with Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051251. [PMID: 36904253 PMCID: PMC10005279 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to explore the association between protein intake across the main meals and hypertension (HTN)-related parameters in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults. METHODS Brazilian community-dwelling older adults were recruited in a senior center. Dietary habits were assessed through 24 h recall. Protein intake was classified as high and low according to median and recommended dietary allowance values. Absolute and body weight (BW)-adjusted protein consumption levels were quantified and analyzed according to ingestion across the main meals. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using an oscilometric monitor. Participants were categorized as hypertensive according to physician diagnosis or the detection of high SBP and/or DBP values. RESULTS One hundred ninety-seven older adults were enrolled in the present study. Protein intake at lunch was independently and negatively associated with SBP. Furthermore, a lower prevalence of HTN (diagnosed by a physician) was observed in participants with higher intakes of protein. These results remained significant after adjustment for many covariates. However, significance was lost when kilocalories and micronutrients were included in the model. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study indicate that protein intake at lunch was independently and negatively associated with systolic BP in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.J.C.-J.); (E.M.); Tel.: +39-0630158885 (H.J.C.-J.)
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, University Center—704/904 Seps Eq 702/902, Brasília 70390-045, Brazil
| | | | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Apulia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.J.C.-J.); (E.M.); Tel.: +39-0630158885 (H.J.C.-J.)
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Abstract
Research conducted in the past 15 years has yielded crucial insights that are reshaping our understanding of the systems physiology of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the close relationship between BCAA homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The rapidly evolving literature paints a complex picture, in which numerous tissue-specific and disease-specific modes of BCAA regulation initiate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms that connect changes in BCAA homeostasis to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In this Review, we outline the current understanding of the major factors regulating BCAA abundance and metabolic fate, highlight molecular mechanisms connecting impaired BCAA homeostasis to cardiovascular disease, discuss the epidemiological evidence connecting BCAAs with various cardiovascular disease states and identify current knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Arjmand B, Dehghanbanadaki H, Yoosefi M, Rezaei N, Mohammadi Fateh S, Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi R, Najjar N, Hosseinkhani S, Tayanloo-beik A, Adibi H, Farzadfar F, Larijani B, Razi F. Association of plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids with hypertension: A nationwide metabolomics study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279835. [PMID: 36649284 PMCID: PMC9844860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of metabolomics profile in subjects with different blood pressure, including normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension, would be a promising strategy to understand the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate the association of plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids with hypertension in a large Iranian population. METHODS 1200 randomly selected subjects from the national survey on the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran (STEPs 2016) were divided into four groups based on the ACC/AHA hypertension criteria: normal blood pressure (n = 293), elevated blood pressure (n = 135), stage 1 hypertension (n = 325), and stage 2 hypertension (n = 447). Plasma concentrations of 30 acylcarnitines and 20 amino acids were measured using a targeted approach with flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the association between metabolites level and the risk of hypertension. Age, sex, BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, use of oral glucose-lowering drugs, statins, and antihypertensive drugs were adjusted in regression analysis. RESULTS Of 50 metabolites, 34 were associated with an increased likelihood of stage 2 hypertension and 5 with a decreased likelihood of stage 2 hypertension. After full adjustment for potential confounders, 5 metabolites were still significant risk markers for stage 2 hypertension including C0 (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.63, 0.90), C12 (OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.40), C14:1 (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.42), C14:2 (OR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.41), and glycine (OR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.68, 0.96). An index that included glycine and serine also showed significant predictive value for stage 2 hypertension after full adjustment (OR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.75, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Five metabolites were identified as potentially valuable predictors of stage 2 hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Najjar
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-beik
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zheng L, Cai J, Feng YH, Su X, Chen SY, Liu JZ, Li WL, Ouyang RQ, Ma JR, Cheng C, Mu YJ, Zhang SW, He KY, Zeng FF, Ye YB. The association between dietary branched-chain amino acids and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A hospital-based case-control study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:999189. [PMID: 36313094 PMCID: PMC9614346 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.999189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed conflicting evidence on the association between the intake of dietary branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, this relationship has not been studied in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of total and individual dietary BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) intake on CVD risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes in China. Materials and methods A total of 419 patients with type 2 diabetes who have been diagnosed with CVD (within 2 weeks) were recruited between March 2013 and September 2015 in China. Cases with CVD were 1:1 matched to controls with type 2 diabetes but without CVD by age (±5 years) and sex. A validated 79-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to assess the participants' dietary data. Total dietary BCAA per individual was the summation of the daily intake of isoleucine, leucine, and valine. OR and corresponding CIs were computed by conditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results Median values of the daily intake of total BCAA were 11.87 g, with an interquartile range of 10.46–13.15 g for cases, and 12.47 g, with an interquartile range of 11.08–13.79 g for controls (P = 0.001). Dietary BCAA was inversely related to CVD risk after multivariable adjustment (OR Q4−Q1 = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.10, 0.51, P trend <0.001 for total BCAA; OR Q4−Q1 = 0.20, 95%CI = 0.07, 0.53, P trend = 0.001 for leucine). For each 1-S.D. increase in total dietary BCAA, leucine or valine intake was associated with 54% (95%CI = 29%, 70%, P = 0.001), 64% (95%CI = 29%, 82%, P = 0.003), or 54% (95%CI = 1%, 79%, P = 0.049) decrease in the risk of CVD, respectively. Whole grains, starchy vegetables, mushrooms, fruit, eggs, and dairy and dairy product-derived BCAA were found to attenuate CVD risk (P ranged: = 0.002–0.027). Conclusion Higher BCAA intake, in particular leucine and valine, might be associated with a lower risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-hui Feng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-yun Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-zi Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-lin Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-qing Ouyang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-rong Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-jun Mu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-wen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-yin He
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-fang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Fang-fang Zeng
| | - Yan-bin Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yan-bin Ye
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16
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Xiong Y, Jiang L, Li T. Aberrant branched-chain amino acid catabolism in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:965899. [PMID: 35911554 PMCID: PMC9334649 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.965899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Research has focused on the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids to improve the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. There are three types of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) required for protein homeostasis, energy balance, and signaling pathways. Increasing evidence has implicated BCAAs in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the biological origin, signal transduction pathways and function of BCAAs as well as their significance in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Li,
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17
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Liang Y, Wang H, Li Y, Sun G. Association between Excessive Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Intake and Hypertension Risk in Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132582. [PMID: 35807761 PMCID: PMC9268479 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) has been reported to be associated with both elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension risk, while published findings were inconsistent, and the causality has never been well disclosed. We performed this prospective study aiming to find out the relationship between dietary BCAAs intake and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. A total of 8491 participants (40,285 person-years) were selected. The levels of dietary BCAAs intake were estimated using the 24-h Food Frequency Questionnaire. Associations of both BP values and hypertension risk with per standard deviation increase of BCAAs were estimated using linear and COX regression analysis, respectively. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval were given. Restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) was used to estimate the nonlinearity. Both systolic and diastolic BP values at the end points of follow-up were positively associated with dietary BCAAs intake. Positive associations between BCAAs intake and hypertension risk were shown in both men and women. By performing a RCS analysis, the nonlinear relationship between BCAAs intake and hypertension was shown. As the intake levels of Ile, Leu, and Val, respectively, exceeded 2.49 g/day, 4.91 g/day, and 2.88 g/day in men (2.16 g/day, 3.84 g/day, and 2.56 g/day in women), the hypertension risk increased. Our findings could provide some concrete evidence in the primary prevention of hypertension based on dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110031, China;
| | - Chengwen Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Xuheng Jiang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuanhong Liang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yongfang Li
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guifan Sun
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
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Price D, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI. The effects of whey proteins, their peptides and amino acids on vascular function. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:9-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Price
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - David Ian Givens
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
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Martin WP, Malmodin D, Pedersen A, Wallace M, Fändriks L, Aboud CM, Petry TBZ, Cunha da Silveira LP, da Costa Silva ACC, Cohen RV, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Urinary Metabolomic Changes Accompanying Albuminuria Remission following Gastric Bypass Surgery for Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:139. [PMID: 35186675 PMCID: PMC7612403 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Microvascular Outcomes after Metabolic Surgery randomised clinical trial (MOMS RCT, NCT01821508), combined metabolic surgery (gastric bypass) plus medical therapy (CSM) was superior to medical therapy alone (MTA) as a means of achieving albuminuria remission at 2-year follow-up in patients with obesity and early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the present study, we assessed the urinary 1H-NMR metabolome in a subgroup of patients from both arms of the MOMS RCT at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Whilst CSM and MTA both reduced the urinary excretion of sugars, CSM generated a distinctive urinary metabolomic profile characterised by increases in host–microbial co-metabolites (N-phenylacetylglycine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and 4-aminobutyrate (GABA)) and amino acids (arginine and glutamine). Furthermore, reductions in aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), as well as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and related catabolites (valine, leucine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, and 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate), were observed following CSM but not MTA. Improvements in BMI did not correlate with improvements in metabolic and renal indices following CSM. Conversely, urinary metabolites changed by CSM at 6 months were moderately to strongly correlated with improvements in blood pressure, glycaemia, triglycerides, and albuminuria up to 24 months following treatment initiation, highlighting the potential involvement of these shifts in the urinary metabolomic profile in the metabolic and renoprotective effects of CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Martin
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (W.P.M.); (C.W.l.R.)
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Wallace
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Cristina M. Aboud
- The Centre for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo 01333-010, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.B.Z.P.); (L.P.C.d.S.); (A.C.C.d.C.S.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Tarissa B. Zanata Petry
- The Centre for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo 01333-010, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.B.Z.P.); (L.P.C.d.S.); (A.C.C.d.C.S.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Lívia P. Cunha da Silveira
- The Centre for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo 01333-010, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.B.Z.P.); (L.P.C.d.S.); (A.C.C.d.C.S.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Ana C. Calmon da Costa Silva
- The Centre for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo 01333-010, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.B.Z.P.); (L.P.C.d.S.); (A.C.C.d.C.S.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Ricardo V. Cohen
- The Centre for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo 01333-010, Brazil; (C.M.A.); (T.B.Z.P.); (L.P.C.d.S.); (A.C.C.d.C.S.); (R.V.C.)
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (W.P.M.); (C.W.l.R.)
- Diabetes Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (W.P.M.); (C.W.l.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Park Y, Park M, Hamidoghli A, Kim CH, Bai SC. Optimum dietary processed sulfur (Immuno-F) level has antibiotic effects on the growth, hematology and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Ding Q, Sheikh AR, Chen Q, Hu Y, Sun N, Su X, Luo L, Ma H, He R. Understanding the Mechanism for the Structure-Activity Relationship of Food-Derived ACEI Peptides. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1936005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Ding
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Arooj Rehman Sheikh
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yize Hu
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nianzhen Sun
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ronghai He
- Department of Food Science and biological engineering , Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Asghari G, Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary Amino Acid Patterns Are Associated With Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:312-318. [PMID: 34053818 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No findings are available regarding the association of the dietary amino acid (AA) intakes with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. We aimed to assess the association between dietary AA patterns and incidence of CKD in adults. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study on 4,233 adults, who were free of CKD at baseline (2009-2011) and were followed for 3.1 years (2011-2014). The principal component analysis was used based on 8 AA groups to characterize major AA patterns. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of CKD across quartiles of dietary AA pattern scores. RESULTS Three major AA patterns were extracted: (1) higher loads of branched-chain, alcoholic, and aromatic AAs; (2) higher loads of acidic AAs, proline, and lower load of alkaline AAs and small AAs; and (3) higher loads of sulfuric AAs and small AAs. The mean ± standard deviation age of participants (45.9% male) was 39.4 ± 11.7 at baseline and the incidence of CKD was 12.1% (513 cases) after 3.1 years of follow-up. The highest score of first dietary AA pattern tended to be associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval1.06-1.93); however, the second pattern was related to a decreased risk of CKD (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.97) in the multivariable model. CONCLUSION These novel findings suggest that the dietary AA patterns may modify risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Le Couteur DG, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Ribeiro R, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Cooney GJ, Simpson SJ. Branched chain amino acids, aging and age-related health. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101198. [PMID: 33132154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, valine, isoleucine) have key physiological roles in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, food intake and aging. Many studies report apparently inconsistent conclusions about the relationships between blood levels of BCAAs or dietary manipulation of BCAAs with age-related changes in body composition, sarcopenia, obesity, insulin and glucose metabolism, and aging biology itself. These divergent results can be resolved by consideration of the role of BCAAs as signalling molecules and the bidirectional mechanistic relationship between BCAAs and some aging phenotypes. The effects of BCAAs are also influenced by the background nutritional composition such as macronutrient ratios and imbalance with other amino acids. Understanding the interaction between BCAAs and other components of the diet may provide new opportunities for influencing age-related outcomes through manipulation of dietary BCAAs together with titration of macronutrient ratios and other amino acids.
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Liu X, Shi L, Dai X, Chen H, Zhang C, Wang P, Wu Q, Zeng L, Yan H. Plasma metabolites mediate the association of coarse grain intake with blood pressure in hypertension-free adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1512-1519. [PMID: 32624346 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased intake of whole/coarse grains was associated with improved blood pressure control, but concurrent metabolism alterations are less clear. We sought to identify metabolomic profiles of blood pressure, and to explore their mediation effects on the coarse grain intake-blood pressure association among young adults free of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma metabolome of 86 participants from the Carbohydrate Alternatives and Metabolic Phenotypes study was characterized by untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. We identified 24 and 117 metabolites associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively, using random forest modeling and partial correlation analysis. Moreover, metabolite panels for highly specific prediction of blood pressure (8 metabolites for SBP and 11 metabolites for DBP) were determined using ten-fold cross-validated ridge regression (R2 ≥ 0.70). We also observed an inverse association between metabolite panel of SBP (β ± SE = -0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.04) or DBP (β ± SE = -0.03 ± 0.01, P = 0.02) and coarse grain intake. Furthermore, we observed significant mediating effects of metabolites, in particular, sphingolipid ceramides, on the association between coarse grain exposure and blood pressure using both bias-corrected bootstrap tests and high-dimensional mediation analysis adapted for large-scale and high-throughput omics data. CONCLUSIONS We identified metabolomic profiles specifically associated with blood pressure in young Chinese adults without diagnosed hypertension. The inverse association between coarse grain intake and blood pressure may be mediated by sphingolipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden; School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an, 710062, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Agro, Shenzhen, 518083, PR China.
| | - Huangtao Chen
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Dietary intake of specific amino acids and liver status in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: fatty liver in obesity (FLiO) study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1769-1780. [PMID: 32857176 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of dietary factors involved in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is relevant to the current epidemics of the disease. Dietary amino acids appear to play a key role in the onset and progression of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to analyze potential associations between specific dietary amino acids and variables related to glucose metabolism and hepatic status in adults with overweight/obesity and NAFLD. METHODS One hundred and twelve individuals from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study were evaluated. Liver assessment was carried out by ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and analysis of biochemical parameters. Dietary amino acid intake (aromatic amino acids (AAA); branched-chain amino acids (BCAA); sulfur amino acids (SAA)) was estimated by means of a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Higher consumption of these amino acids was associated with worse hepatic health. Multiple adjusted regression models confirmed that dietary AAA, BCAA and SAA were positively associated with liver fat content. AAA and BCAA were positively associated with liver iron concentration. Regarding ferritin levels, a positive association was found with BCAA. Dietary intake of these amino acids was positively correlated with glucose metabolism (glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride and glucose index) although the significance disappeared when potential confounders were included in the model. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the consumption of specific dietary amino acids might negatively impact on liver status and, to a lesser extent on glucose metabolism in subjects with overweight/obesity and NAFLD. A control of specific dietary amino acid composition should be considered in the management of NAFLD and associated insulin resistance. NCT03183193; June 2017.
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Amino Acids in Health and Endocrine Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:97-109. [PMID: 32761572 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary amino acids play an important role in maintaining health. Branched chain amino acids can adversely increase blood pressure whereas arginine and citrulline can reduce it. D-amino acids play important roles in several cell types including testis, the nervous system and adrenal glands. Several amino acids also can have dramatic effects on diabetes; branched chain amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine have been implicated while others, namely arginine and citrulline can improve outcomes. Leucine has been shown to play important roles in muscle primarily through the mTOR pathway though this effect does not translate across every population. Glutamine, arginine and D-aspartate also exert their muscle effects through mTOR. Relationships between amino acids and endocrine function include that of glucocorticoids, thyroid function, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leptin. Leucine, for example, can alleviate the effect of dexamethasone on muscle protein accretion. Interestingly, amino acid transporters play an important role in thyroid function. Several amino acids have been shown to increase GLP-1 levels in non-diabetics when administered orally. Similarly, several amino acids increase ghrelin levels in different species while cysteine can decrease it in mice. There is evidence to suggest that the arginine/NO pathway may be involved in modulating some of the effects of ghrelin on cells. In regard to IGF-1, branched chain amino acids can increase levels in adults while tryptophan and phenylalanine have been shown to increase levels in infants. Finally, leptin levels can be elevated by branched chain amino acids while restricting leucine in high fat diets can increase leptin sensitivity.
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Mottaghian M, Salehi P, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Azizi F. Nutrient patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adults: Tehran lipid and glucose study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:653. [PMID: 32393204 PMCID: PMC7216539 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to assess the relation between nutrient patterns and changes in adult anthropometric and cardiometabolic factors. Methods This study was conducted on 1637 adults participating in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2005–2008), who were free of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and had completed dietary data. They were followed to the next survey (2008–2011). Dietary intakes were collected and nutrient patterns were obtained. Three year changes in anthropometric and cardiometabolic factors were measured. Results Five nutrient patterns were extracted. The first pattern was characterized by “plant protein, thiamine, niacin, and minerals including phosphorus, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, and selenium”. Animal protein, lactose, vitamin D, riboflavine, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc" were loaded in the second pattern. The third and fourth patterns were characterized by “vitamin K, fiber, calcium, iron, manganese, and potassium”, and “high correlation with starch, thiamine and folate, and negative correlation with mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E”, respectively. The fifth pattern was high in Fructose, vitamins A, C, pyridoxine, and potassium. There was no association between nutrient patterns and 3-year changes in blood pressure and fasting blood glucose; whereas, per each quartile increment of the fifth pattern adjusted for potential confounders, triglyceride change was decreased [β = − 3.66, 95% CI (− 6.57, − 0.57); P for trend = 0.014]. Conclusion Present study indicates that nutrient patterns may have an association with cardiometabolic factors, particularly a pattern rich in fructose, vitamins A, C, pyridoxine, and potassium which decreases triglyceride level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mottaghian
- Student Research committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Salehi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Goïta Y, Chao de la Barca JM, Keïta A, Diarra MB, Dembélé KC, Chabrun F, Dramé BSI, Kassogué Y, Diakité M, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Cissé BM, Simard G, Reynier P. Sexual Dimorphism of Metabolomic Profile in Arterial Hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7517. [PMID: 32371946 PMCID: PMC7200712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic studies have demonstrated the existence of biological signatures in blood of patients with arterial hypertension, but no study has hitherto reported the sexual dimorphism of these signatures. We compared the plasma metabolomic profiles of 28 individuals (13 women and 15 men) with essential arterial hypertension with those of a healthy control group (18 women and 18 men), using targeted metabolomics. Among the 188 metabolites explored, 152 were accurately measured. Supervised OPLS-DA (orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis) showed good predictive performance for hypertension in both sexes (Q2cum = 0.59 in women and 0.60 in men) with low risk of overfitting (p-value-CV ANOVA = 0.004 in women and men). Seventy-five and 65 discriminant metabolites with a VIP (variable importance for the projection) greater than 1 were evidenced in women and men, respectively. Both sexes showed a considerable increase in phosphatidylcholines, a decrease in C16:0 with an increase in C28:1 lysophosphatidylcholines, an increase in sphingomyelins, as well as an increase of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), acetyl-ornithine and hydroxyproline. Twenty-nine metabolites, involved in phospholipidic and cardiac remodeling, arginine/nitric oxide pathway and antihypertensive and insulin resistance mechanisms, discriminated the metabolic sexual dimorphism of hypertension. Our results highlight the importance of sexual dimorphism in arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Goïta
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, de Bamako, Mali
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant (CHUME) et Laboratoire d'analyses de Biologie médicale et Anatomo-Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital du Mali, Bamako, Mali
- Departement de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Mitovasc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca
- Departement de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Mitovasc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Asmaou Keïta
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant (CHUME) et Laboratoire d'analyses de Biologie médicale et Anatomo-Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamadou Bocary Diarra
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant (CHUME) et Laboratoire d'analyses de Biologie médicale et Anatomo-Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Klétigui Casimir Dembélé
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, de Bamako, Mali
- Departement de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Mitovasc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Floris Chabrun
- Departement de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Mitovasc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Boubacar Sidiki Ibrahim Dramé
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, de Bamako, Mali
- Laboratoire d'analyses de Biologie médicale et Anatomo-Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital du Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yaya Kassogué
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, de Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, de Bamako, Mali
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- Departement de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Mitovasc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Bakary Mamadou Cissé
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies, de Bamako, Mali
| | - Gilles Simard
- Departement de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Departement de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Mitovasc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
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de la O V, Zazpe I, Ruiz-Canela M. Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation, dietary intake and circulating levels in cardiometabolic diseases: an updated review. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:35-50. [PMID: 31688095 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids derived from diet. BCAA supplementation has been recommended in elderly and athletes, but recent studies suggest an association between high dietary BCAAs and blood levels of BCAAs with greater risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). This review aims to integrate current epidemiological evidence analyzing the association between BCAAs and related-CMD risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS Most epidemiological studies consistently show that dietary BCAAs are associated with higher risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D) whereas there is limited evidence related with other cardiovascular risk factors. Evidence also exists showing an association between higher circulating BCAA levels and risk of T2D and cardiovascular disease, and also probably with metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity. Several clinical trials suggest beneficial cardiometabolic effect of BCAAs supplementation, although with a small sample size and short follow-up. Studies show a weak correlation between dietary BCAAs and circulating BCAA levels. Protein quality sources and whole dietary pattern are key aspects to improve our understanding of the effect of BCAAs as well as factors associated with higher protein needs, such as age or frailty. SUMMARY Dietary and circulating BCAAs exhibit possible detrimental cardiometabolic effects, but BCAA supplementation may have some positive influence on target groups with nutritional deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de la O
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Amino acids are not only the building blocks of proteins, an indispensable component of cells, but also play versatile roles in regulating cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and growth by themselves or through their derivatives. At the whole body level, the bioavailability and metabolism of amino acids, interacting with other macronutrients, is critical for the physiological processes of reproduction including gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, placentation, fetal growth and development. In fertilization and early pregnancy, histotroph in oviductal and uterine secretions provides nutrients and microenvironment for conceptus (embryo and extraembryonic membranes) development. These nutrients include select amino acids in histotroph (arginine, leucine and glutamine of particular interest) that stimulate conceptus growth and development, as well as interactions between maternal uterus and the conceptus, thus impacting maintenance of pregnancy, placental growth, development and functions, fetal growth and development, and consequential pregnancy outcomes. Gestational protein undernutrition causes fetal growth restriction and predisposes cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and others in offspring via multiple mechanisms, whereas the supplementation of glycine, leucine and taurine during pregnancy partially rescues growth restriction and beneficially modulates fetal programming. Thus, amino acids are essential for the fertility of humans and all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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Mariotti F. Animal and Plant Protein Sources and Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S351-S366. [PMID: 31728490 PMCID: PMC6855969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sources or types of protein in the diet have long been overlooked regarding their link to cardiometabolic health. The picture is complicated by the fact that animal and plant proteins are consumed along with other nutrients and substances which make up the "protein package" so plant and animal protein come with clear nutrient clusters. This review aimed at deciphering the relation between plant and animal protein and cardiometabolic health by examining different nutritional levels (such as amino acids, protein type, protein foods, protein patterns, and associated overall dietary and nutrient patterns) and varying levels of scientific evidence [basic science, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational data]. Plant protein in Western countries is a robust marker of nutrient adequacy of the diet, whereas the contribution of animal protein is highly heterogeneous. Yet recent data from large cohorts have confirmed that total and animal proteins are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, even when fully adjusting for lifestyle and dietary or nutritional factors. Here again, there is marked variability depending on the type of animal protein. Protein from processed red meat and total red meat on the one hand, and from legumes, nuts, and seeds on the other, are often reported at the extremes of the risk range. RCTs using purified proteins have contributed little to the topic to date, inasmuch as the findings cannot readily be extrapolated to current or near-future diets, but RCTs studying whole protein foods have shown a beneficial effect of pulses. Despite the fact that many of the benefits of plant protein reported in observational or interventional studies may stem from the protein package that they convey and the nutrients that they displace, there are also important indications that protein per se may affect cardiometabolic health via the many amino acids that are present in typically contrasting levels in plant compared with animal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
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Flores-Guerrero JL, Groothof D, Connelly MA, Otvos JD, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Concentration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids Is a Strong Risk Marker for Incident Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 74:1428-1435. [PMID: 31587574 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases is increasingly recognized, but the association of BCAAs with incident hypertension remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the association of BCAAs with incident hypertension in a prospective population-based cohort study. We measured plasma concentrations of BCAAs by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 4169 participants from the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease) study. We estimated the risk of incident hypertension using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. After a median follow-up of 8.6 years, incident hypertension was ascertained in 924 subjects. Cox regression analyses revealed a significant association between BCAAs and incident hypertension. The hazard ratio per one SD of BCAAs was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.20; P=0.01) after full adjustment for multiple clinical variables. Likewise, the fully adjusted association remained significant when evaluated as categorical variable (hazard ratio for upper quartile with lowest quartile as reference category, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.68; P=0.003). Furthermore, the net reclassification improvement assessment improved after addition of BCAAs to a traditional risk model (P<0.001). This prospective study revealed that high plasma concentrations of BCAAs are associated with an increased risk of newly developed hypertension. The association remained after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Flores-Guerrero
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology (J.L.F.-G., D.G., S.J.L.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dion Groothof
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology (J.L.F.-G., D.G., S.J.L.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC (M.A.C., J.D.O.)
| | - James D Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC (M.A.C., J.D.O.)
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology (J.L.F.-G., D.G., S.J.L.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (R.P.F.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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Tharrey M, Mariotti F, Mashchak A, Barbillon P, Delattre M, Huneau JF, Fraser GE. Patterns of amino acid intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality, independently of the sources of protein. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 49:312-321. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The intake of specific amino acids (AA) has been associated with cardiovascular health, but amino acids are consumed together as dietary protein. Here we investigated the association between identified patterns of amino acid intake and cardiovascular mortality.
Methods
A total of 2216 cardiovascular deaths among 79 838 men and women from the Adventist Health Study-2 were included in our analysis. Baseline dietary patterns based on the participants' amino acids intakes were derived by factor analysis. Using Cox regression analyses, we estimated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and other dietary components.
Results
Three patterns of amino acids were identified. Factor 1 was positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality [hazard ratio (HR)Q5-Q1: 1.62, 98.75% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 2.28; P-trend <0.001]; and Factors 2 and 3 were inversely associated with CVD mortality (HR Q5-Q1 Factor 2: 0.74, 98.75% CI: 0.53, 1.04; P-trend <0.01 and HR Q5-Q1 Factor 3: 0.65, 98.75% CI: 0.44, 0.95; P-trend <0.05]. The associations with Factor 1 (with high loadings on indispensable amino acids such as branched chain amino acids, lysine, methionine) and Factor 3 (with high loadings on non-indispensable amino acids, namely arginine, glycine, aspartate+asparagine) remained significant after further adjustment for nutrient intake and for the five protein source patterns identified previously (HR Q5-Q1: 1.56 (0.99, 2.45) and 0.55 (0.35, 0.85); P-trends < 0.01).
Conclusions
Indispensable AA have a positive and some non-indispensable AA have a negative, independent, strong association with the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tharrey
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- MOISA, INRA, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francois Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Maud Delattre
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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35
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Teymoori F, Asghari G, Farhadnejad H, Nazarzadeh M, Atifeh M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Various proline food sources and blood pressure: substitution analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:332-340. [PMID: 31460809 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1650004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of total proline intake, proline of various food sources, and substitution analysis for proline of food sources with blood pressure (BP) and 3.1-year incidence of hypertension in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The cohort consisted of 4287 participants (41.9% male), aged ≥ 20-70 years. In fully-adjusted model, individuals in the highest tertile for proline intake had an increased risk of incident hypertension than those in the lowest one (OR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.06-1.97; p for trend: .017). Replacing proline of cheese and legumes source with that of yogurt, poultry, milk, and red meat source was associated with significant negative β coefficient for BP. The present study indicated that high dietary intakes of proline may increase the risk of incident hypertension. Also, substituting proline intake of cheese and legumes by those of proline intake of meats and milk is associated with a lower risk of high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Nazarzadeh
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,The Collaboration Center of Meta-Analysis Research, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mitra Atifeh
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Sheng X, Lou J, Fu H, Sun X. Evaluation of a community-based hypertension self-management model with general practitioners. Int J Health Plann Manage 2019; 34:960-974. [PMID: 31368128 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventive interventions of hypertension and health care activities are often performed in the community and at home. Studies have shown that self-management plays an indispensable role in the management of chronic diseases. This study aimed to explore an innovative community-based hypertension self-management model and to evaluate its effects. METHODS The study involved qualitative and quantitative research methods. A community-based hypertension self-management model was developed using consultation with experts and qualitative interviews. The intervention was executed in the communities of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China. We enrolled 1080 patients with hypertension in the intervention group and 588 similar patients in the control group. A questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to collect information on patients' health status, self-management skills, and disease management abilities. Analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in the health-related outcomes. RESULTS There was a significant difference in general health and health literacy after the intervention for the intervention patients group (P < .05). Furthermore, the proportion of health literacy was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (71.6% vs 59.6%). The significant differences were demonstrated in the comparison of the disease management ability data between the intervention and control group, especially in drug compliance, physical activity, regulate diet, and smoking. In addition, there is other evidence of the successful applicability and effectiveness of the community-based hypertension self-management program in 2007-2013, such as self-management teams formation and blood pressure control rate. CONCLUSIONS The community-based self-management hypertension model, which involved the participation of general practitioners, is suitable for the management of hypertension disease in Pudong of Shanghai and could provide a reference for its large-scale promotion and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhang
- Health Development Research Center, Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Health Development Research Center, Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinchun Sheng
- General Office, Pudong New Area Center for Patriotic Sanitation Campaign and Health Promotion Counsel, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiquan Lou
- Health Development Research Center, Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Health Development Research Center, Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Poggiogalle E, Fontana M, Giusti AM, Pinto A, Iannucci G, Lenzi A, Donini LM. Amino Acids and Hypertension in Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071459. [PMID: 31252583 PMCID: PMC6683075 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of dietary protein among nutritional factors interfering with the regulation of blood pressure. Dietary protein source (plant versus animal protein), and especially, protein composition in terms of amino acids has been postulated to interfere with mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension. Recently, mounting interest has been directed at amino acids in hypertension focusing on habitual dietary intake and their circulating levels regardless of single amino acid dietary supplementation. The aim of the present review was to summarize epidemiological evidence concerning the connection between amino acids and hypertension. Due to the large variability in methodologies used for assessing amino acid levels and heterogeneity in the results obtained, it was not possible to draw robust conclusions. Indeed, some classes of amino acids or individual amino acids showed non-causative association with blood pressure as well as the incidence of hypertension, but the evidence was far from being conclusive. Further research should be prompted for a thorough understanding of amino acid effects and synergistic actions of different amino acid classes on blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli"; Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Iannucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Lee SY, Hur SJ. Purification of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from beef myofibrillar proteins and analysis of their effect in spontaneously hypertensive rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:109046. [PMID: 31174091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to purify the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from beef myofibrillar proteins by using inexpensive enzymes alkaline-AK and papain. Different molecular weight peptides (<3 and <10 kDa) were obtained using ultrafiltration. The <3 kDa peptides obtained by alkaline-AK (AK3K) digestion showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (74.29%) as compared to other alkaline-AK peptides, and a strong antihypertensive effect of AK3K was observed in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model. The AK3K treatment groups (400 and 800 mg/kg body weight) exhibited a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 28 and 35 mmHg, respectively in the SHR model. The study demonstrated that the ACE inhibitory peptide obtained from beef myofibrillar proteins had the sequence Leu-Ile-Val-Gly-Ile-Ile-Arg-Cys-Val, and could be possibly used for lowering the SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. The Double-Edged Sword Effects of Maternal Nutrition in the Developmental Programming of Hypertension. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121917. [PMID: 30518129 PMCID: PMC6316180 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a growing global epidemic. Developmental programming resulting in hypertension can begin in early life. Maternal nutrition status has important implications as a double-edged sword in the developmental programming of hypertension. Imbalanced maternal nutrition causes offspring's hypertension, while specific nutritional interventions during pregnancy and lactation may serve as reprogramming strategies to reverse programming processes and prevent the development of hypertension. In this review, we first summarize the human and animal data supporting the link between maternal nutrition and developmental programming of hypertension. This review also presents common mechanisms underlying nutritional programming-induced hypertension. This will be followed by studies documenting nutritional interventions as reprogramming strategies to protect against hypertension from developmental origins. The identification of ideal nutritional interventions for the prevention of hypertension development that begins early in life will have a lifelong impact, with profound savings in the global burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Zhang ZY, Monleon D, Verhamme P, Staessen JA. Branched-Chain Amino Acids as Critical Switches in Health and Disease. Hypertension 2018; 72:1012-1022. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- From the KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology (Z.-Y.Z., J.A.S.), University of Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Z.-Y.Z.)
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Metabolomic and Molecular Image Laboratory, Fundación Investigatión Clínico de Valencia, Spain (D.M.)
| | - Peter Verhamme
- KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (P.V.), University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- From the KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology (Z.-Y.Z., J.A.S.), University of Leuven, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (J.A.S.)
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Teymoori F, Asghari G, Farhadnejad H, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Do dietary amino acid ratios predict risk of incident hypertension among adults? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:387-395. [PMID: 30246590 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1515183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the association between dietary amino acid ratios and the 3-year incidence of hypertension, conducted in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study with 4287 adults(41.9% men), aged 20-70 y. Dietary intakes of amino acids were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire and reported as percentage of protein. Then amino acid ratios including Leu.Ser/Thr.Trp, Leu/Trp, Leu/Thr, and Ser/Thr were calculated. We identified 429(10%) cases of hypertension during 3.1 y of follow up. The adjusted OR of the highest quartile of dietary Leu.Ser/Thr.Trp intake was 1.48 (95%CI:1.04-2.09, P for trend:0.02) compared with the lowest one. Furthermore, the OR of hypertension in the highest, compared with the lowest quartile of the leu/Thr ratio(2.19 vs 2.02) was 1.46(1.01-2.12), P for trend = 0.07. Our findings suggest that high dietary intakes of Leu.Ser/Thr.Trp ratio were associated with higher risk of incident hypertension and BP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid , Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid , Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid , Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- c Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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