1
|
Kristanti MS, Vernooij-Dassen M, Jeon YH, Verspoor E, Samtani S, Ottoboni G, Chattat R, Brodaty H, Lenart-Bugla M, Kowalski K, Rymaszewska J, Szczesniak DM, Gerhardus A, Seifert I, A’la MZ, Effendy C, Perry M. Social health markers in the context of cognitive decline and dementia: an international qualitative study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1384636. [PMID: 39364383 PMCID: PMC11448353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1384636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social health in the context of dementia has recently gained interest. The development of a social health conceptual framework at the individual and social environmental levels, has revealed a critical need for a further exploration of social health markers that can be used in the development of dementia intervention and to construct social health measures. Objective To identify social health markers in the context of dementia. Method This international qualitative study included six countries: Australia, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Poland, and the Netherlands. Using purposive sampling, three to five cases per country were recruited to the study, with each case consisting of a person living with dementia, a primary informal caregiver, an active network member, and a health care professional involved in the care of the person with dementia. In-depth interviews, using an agreed topic guide, and content analysis were conducted to identify known and new social health markers. The codes were then categorized against our conceptual framework of social health. Results Sixty-seven participants were interviewed. We identified various social health markers, ranging from those that are commonly used in epidemiological studies such as loneliness to novel markers of social health at the individual and the social environmental level. Examples of novel individual-level markers were efforts to comply with social norms and making own choices in, for example, keeping contact or refusing support. At a social environmental level, examples of novel markers were proximity (physical distance) and the function of the social network of helping the person maintaining dignity. Conclusions The current study identified both well-known and novel social health markers in the context of dementia, mapped to the social health framework we developed. Future research should focus on translating these markers into validated measures and on developing social health focused interventions for persons with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina S. Kristanti
- Department of Basic and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Myrra Vernooij-Dassen
- Department of IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Eline Verspoor
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suraj Samtani
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rabih Chattat
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ansgar Gerhardus
- Department for Health Services Research, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Imke Seifert
- Department for Health Services Research, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Christantie Effendy
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marieke Perry
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brouwer J, van den Berg F, Knooihuizen R, Loerts H, Keijzer M. The effects of language learning on cognitive functioning and psychosocial well-being in cognitively healthy older adults: A semi-blind randomized controlled trial. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024:1-37. [PMID: 39115962 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2384107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of language learning in comparison to other complex learning activities on cognitive functioning and psychosocial well-being in cognitively healthy, community-dwelling older adults. In a randomized controlled trial, 43 Dutch functionally monolinguals aged 65-78 completed a three-month English course (n = 15), music training (n = 13), or a lecture series (n = 15). Cognitive functioning (global cognition, cognitive flexibility, episodic memory, working memory, verbal fluency, and attention) and psychosocial well-being were assessed before and immediately after the intervention, and at a four-month follow-up. The language learners significantly improved on episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. However, the magnitude of cognitive change did not significantly differ between the language learning and music training conditions, except for a larger positive change in cognitive flexibility for the language learners from pretest to follow-up. Our results suggest that language learning in later life can improve some cognitive functions and fluency in the additional language, but that its unique effects seem limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Brouwer
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, Bilingualism and Aging Lab, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Floor van den Berg
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, Bilingualism and Aging Lab, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Knooihuizen
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, Bilingualism and Aging Lab, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Loerts
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, Bilingualism and Aging Lab, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Keijzer
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, Bilingualism and Aging Lab, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keogh TM, Howard S. Social participation is associated with a habituated blood pressure response to recurrent stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 202:112389. [PMID: 38936701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Lower cardiovascular reactivity is a proposed marker of motivational dysregulation and is related to a range of adverse behavioural and health outcomes. Social participation is a form of motivated behaviour and represents the frequency in which an individual engages in social activities. Low social participation has recently been linked to lower cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress. With recent work emphasizing the importance of assessing adaptation of the cardiovascular response to recurrent stress, the aim of the current study is to build on previous work by examining the relationship between social participation and cardiovascular stress response adaptation. This study utilised data from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 (PCS 3). Two hundred and thirteen participants (M = 30.13; SD = 10.85) completed a social participation measure and had their systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) monitored across two separate standardized stress testing sessions. The testing sessions consisted of a 20-minute baseline and a 15-minute stress task. Results indicated that higher levels of social participation were associated with greater blood pressure habituation to recurrent stress, extending previous work identifying that social participation was associated with higher cardiovascular responses to stress. The present study identifies that those reporting greater levels of social participation may show enhanced stress tolerance when exposed to recurrent stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Keogh
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Siobhán Howard
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bruinsma J, Visser LNC, Abaci A, Rosenberg A, Diaz A, Hanke S, Crutzen R, Mangialasche F, Kivipelto M, Thunborg C. Social activities in multidomain dementia prevention interventions: insights from practice and a blueprint for the future. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1386688. [PMID: 38832328 PMCID: PMC11146203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1386688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social activities are important for health and act as a driver of cognitive reserve during aging. In this perspective paper, we describe challenges and outline future (research) endeavors to establish better operationalization of social activities in multidomain interventions to prevent dementia. Body We first address the lack of conceptual clarity, which makes it difficult to measure engagement in social activities. Second, drawing from our experience with the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), we discuss social activities in multidomain dementia prevention interventions. Using qualitative data from the Multimodal Preventive Trial for Alzheimer's Disease (MIND-ADmini), we reflect on participant experiences with social activities. Third, we address the potential and challenges of digital solutions in promoting social activities in interventions for dementia prevention. Finally, we share insights from a workshop on digital technology, where we consulted with individuals with and without cognitive impairment who have been involved in three European projects (i.e., EU-FINGERS, Multi-MeMo, and LETHE). Discussion Based on these insights, we advocate for research that strengthens and accelerates the integration of social activities into multidomain interventions for dementia prevention. We propose several ways to achieve this: (a) by conducting mixed methods research to formulate a broadly accepted definition and instructions to measure social activities; (b) by focusing on promoting engagement in social activities beyond the intervention setting; and (c) by exploring the needs and preferences of older adults towards digitally-supported interventions and co-design of new technologies that enrich in-person social activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bruinsma
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Leonie N. C. Visser
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Public Health Research Institute, Quality of Care/Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alara Abaci
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Rosenberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Diaz
- Alzheimer Europe, Senningerberg, Luxembourg
| | - Sten Hanke
- Department of Applied Informatics, Institute of eHealth, FH Joanneum - University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Mangialasche
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotta Thunborg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren Q, Wang S, Li J, Cao K, Zhuang M, Wu M, Geng J, Jia Z, Xie W, Liu A. Novel Social Stimulation Ameliorates Memory Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease Model through Activating α-Secretase. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1689232024. [PMID: 38418221 PMCID: PMC10957211 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1689-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most common form of dementia in the world, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder marked by cognitive and behavioral impairment. According to previous researches, abundant social connections shield against dementia. However, it is still unclear how exactly social interactions benefit cognitive abilities in people with AD and how this process is used to increase their general cognitive performance. In this study, we found that single novel social (SNS) stimulation promoted c-Fos expression and increased the protein levels of mature ADAM10/17 and sAPPα in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) of wild-type (WT) mice, which are hippocampal dorsal CA2 (dCA2) neuron activity and vHPC NMDAR dependent. Additionally, we discovered that SNS caused similar changes in an AD model, FAD4T mice, and these alterations could be reversed by α-secretase inhibitor. Furthermore, we also found that multiple novel social (MNS) stimulation improved synaptic plasticity and memory impairments in both male and female FAD4T mice, accompanied by α-secretase activation and Aβ reduction. These findings provide insight into the process underpinning how social interaction helps AD patients who are experiencing cognitive decline, and we also imply that novel social interaction and activation of the α-secretase may be preventative and therapeutic in the early stages of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Susu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junru Li
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Kun Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Mei Zhuang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Miao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junhua Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - An Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, The School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, Shenzhen 518063, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dodds L, Brayne C, Siette J. Associations between social networks, cognitive function, and quality of life among older adults in long-term care. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:221. [PMID: 38438951 PMCID: PMC10910782 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having rich social networks is associated with better physical and cognitive health, however older adults entering long-term care may experience an increased risk of social isolation and consequent negative impacts on cognitive function. Our study aimed to identify if there is an association between accessing specific types of services or activities within long-term care on social networks and cognition. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 96 residents from 2 aged care providers in New South Wales, Australia. Residents were given a battery of assessments measuring social network structure (Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-12), quality of life (EuroQol 5D, Eq. 5D5L) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). Demographic factors and service use factors were also collected from aged care providers' electronic records. Independent sample t-test, ANOVA and linear regression analyses were used to explore associated factors for cognition. RESULTS Residents had a mean age of 82.7 ± 9.4 years (median = 81) and 64.6% were women. Most residents had cognitive impairment (70.8%) and reported moderate sized social networks (26.7/60) (Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-12). Residents who had larger social networks of both family and friends had significantly better cognitive performance. Service type and frequency of attendance were not associated with cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals most at risk of social isolation, having supportive and fulfilling social networks was associated with preserved cognitive function. The relationship between service provision and social interactions that offer psychosocial support within long-term facilities and its impact over time on cognitive function requires further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dodds
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joyce Siette
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du C, Miyazaki Y, Dong X, Li M. Education, Social Engagement, and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1756-1764. [PMID: 37294899 PMCID: PMC10561888 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although education and social engagement are considered cognitive reserves, the pathway of both reserves on cognitive function has been rarely studied. This study aimed to examine the underlying mechanism between education, social engagement, and cognitive function. METHODS This study used 2-wave data (2010 and 2014) from Health and Retirement Study in the United States (N = 3,201). Education was measured by years of schooling. Social engagement was evaluated by 20 items including volunteering, physical activities, social activities, and cognitive activities. Cognitive function was assessed by a modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. A cross-lagged panel model was fitted to test the mediating mechanism between education, social engagement, and cognitive function. RESULTS Controlling for covariates, higher education in early life was associated with better cognitive function in old age (b = 0.211, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.163, 0.259], p < .01). Late-life social engagement partially mediated the association between education and cognitive function (indirect effect = 0.021, 95% CI = [0.010, 0.033], p < .01). The indirect path between education and social engagement via cognition also existed (b = 0.009, 95% CI = [0.005, 0.012], p < .001). DISCUSSION Education in earlier life stage may exert a lifelong effect on cognitive function as well as an indirect effect via enhancing late-life cognitive reserve such as social engagement. The cross-lagged effect of social engagement on cognitive function is significant and vice versa. Future research may explore other cognitive reserves over the life course and its underlying mechanism to achieve healthy cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Du
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yasuo Miyazaki
- School of Education, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Social Security, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
DiBiase RM, Gottesman RF, Tom SE, Walker KA, Mosley T, Lutsey PL, Miller EC. Parity and Risk of Dementia in Women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1031-1040. [PMID: 37615600 PMCID: PMC10541925 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Reproductive factors, including parity, may contribute to dementia risk, due to hormonal, physiological, social, and demographic factors. We hypothesized that higher parity would be associated with increased dementia risk. Materials and Methods: We utilized data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) community-based cohort study. Participants were recruited in 1987-1989 and followed through 2017. Participants, all born between 1921 and 1945, were from four U.S. communities in Forsyth County, NC; Jackson, MS; Minneapolis, MN; and Washington County, MD. We included all female participants seen at ARIC visit three or five for whom parity and dementia outcomes were available (N = 7,921). The primary exposure was self-reported number of live births. Our primary outcome was dementia, diagnosed via neurocognitive assessments, informant interviews, and expert adjudication. We created Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between parity and incident dementia, adjusting for demographic factors, education level, apolipoprotein E allele status, and vascular risk factors. We tested for interactions by race and birth cohort. Results: The adjusted hazard ratio was 0.82 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.69-0.99) for dementia in women with 0-1 births and 0.85 (95% CI 0.72-0.99) for women with 5+ births, compared to women with 2 births (reference group). This association was present in women born from 1924 to 1934, but not in women born in 1935 or later (p-interaction <0.001). Conclusion: We found an inverted U-shaped association of parity with dementia risk. This effect was modified by birth cohort, suggesting that the association may depend on demographic and sociocultural factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. DiBiase
- Department of Neurology, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E. Tom
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keenan A. Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eliza C. Miller
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma W, Wu B, Yu Y, Zhong R. Longitudinal associations between social relationships and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: The mediating role of healthy lifestyles. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:102-108. [PMID: 37478806 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore whether social relationships and cognitive function were reciprocally related and whether healthy lifestyles mediate their association. METHODS This study included 3372 Chinese adults from the years 2014-2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. RESULTS Baseline social relationships were negatively associated with a change in cognitive function (β = -0.030, p = 0.043). Participants with a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in social relationships had an approximately 6% reduced risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, baseline cognitive function did not independently predict social relationships. The association between △social relationships and △cognitive function was partially mediated by △a healthy lifestyle (B = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.013-0.041). CONCLUSIONS The association between social relationships and cognitive function may be unidirectional. Policies that promote cognitive function based on social relationships would benefit by taking into account lifestyle factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Ma
- School of Public Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wu
- NYU Aging Incubator and Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, New York, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyao Zhong
- School of Public Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Xu H, Geng Z, Geng G, Zhang F. Dementia and the history of disease in older adults in community. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1555. [PMID: 37582737 PMCID: PMC10428616 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies have revealed the effect of medical history on dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the history of disease and onset of dementia. METHODS This was a multi-center, cross-sectional study, with 2595 older adults enrolled. The onset of dementia was evaluated with Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R). The diagnosed diseases after the age of 40 of the participants were investigated, including respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders, genitourinary system diseases, nervous system disease, sensory system diseases, dental/oral diseases, bone/joint diseases and mental illnesses. RESULTS Data of 2458 older adults were analyzed. Univariate analysis showed that diabetes, thyroid disease, mental illness, hearing loss, stroke, dental/oral disease, Denture use, fracture/osteoporosis, kidney disease and number of diseases were risk factors for dementia. After controlling for demographic sociological variables, diabetes, dental/oral disease, and denture use were independent risk factors for dementia. Thyroid disease (P = 0.313), mental illnesses (P = 0.067), hearing loss (P = 0.595), stroke (P = 0.538), fractures/osteoporosis (P = 0.069), kidney disease (P = 0.168) were no longer significant to dementia. CONCLUSION Diabetes, dental/oral disease and denture use were main risk factors for dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Medical College of Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Honglian Xu
- Nantong North Rehabilitation Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Medical College of Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiling Geng
- Medical College of Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Medical College of Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang P, Wang Z, Liu X, Zhu Y, Wang J, Liu J. Gender differences in the association between sensory function and CIND among Chinese elderly: Based on CLHLS. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 113:105054. [PMID: 37210874 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the gender differences of the association between sensory impairment (SI) and the risk of cognitive decline and possible cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND). METHOD Data were drawn from three waves of the nationally representative survey of China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) between 2011/12-2018 surveys, involving 6138 participants aged 65 or older who had no CIND at the baseline. Multivariate linear or logistic regression models were employed to examine the effect of SI on cognitive decline and CIND risk by gender stratification, respectively. RESULTS Hearing impairment and visual impairment were associated with lower MMSE scores, and the strength of the association was stronger in men than in women. Hearing impairment was related to an elevated risk of CIND both in men and women (Men: OR=2.46; 95% CI=1.81, 3.35; Women: OR=1.43; 95% CI=1.09, 1.88). However, the effect of visual impairment on CIND was statistically significant only in men (OR=1.43; 95% CI=1.09, 1.88). The risk of cognitive decline and CIND were significantly higher with single and dual SI than those without SI, except for women with single visual impairment. CONCLUSION SI is independently associated with cognitive decline and CIND risk, and the association differed by gender. Further researches should clarify the mechanism between SI and cognitive function among older adults, especially for gender differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- School of Computer science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Health Development, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and Health Development, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sommerlad A, Kivimäki M, Larson EB, Röhr S, Shirai K, Singh-Manoux A, Livingston G. Social participation and risk of developing dementia. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:532-545. [PMID: 37202513 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of people with dementia globally illustrates the urgent need to reduce dementia's scale and impact. Lifetime social participation may affect dementia risk by increasing cognitive reserve, and through brain maintenance by reducing stress and improving cerebrovascular health. It may therefore have important implications for individual behavior and public health policy aimed at reducing dementia burden. Observational study evidence indicates that greater social participation in midlife and late life is associated with 30-50% lower subsequent dementia risk, although some of this may not be causal. Social participation interventions have led to improved cognition but, partly due to short follow-up and small numbers of participants, no reduction in risk of dementia. We summarize the evidence linking social participation with dementia, discuss potential mechanisms by which social participation is likely to reduce and mitigate the impact of neuropathology in the brain, and consider the implications for future clinical and policy dementia prevention interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric B Larson
- University of Washington Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susanne Röhr
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, U1153, Paris, France
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang C, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li X, Liu Q, Peng R, Chen Y, Feng H. Trajectories of Social Participation and Its Predictors in Older Adults: Based on the CLHLS Cohorts from 2002 to 2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4260. [PMID: 36901270 PMCID: PMC10001875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social participation is a key factor in achieving active aging. This study aimed to explore the trajectories and predictors of social participation changes among older adults in China. The data used in this study are from the ongoing national longitudinal study CLHLS. A total of 2492 older adults from the cohort study were included. Group-based trajectory models (GBTM) were used to identify potential heterogeneity in longitudinal changes over time and investigate associations between baseline predictors and trajectories for different cohort members using logistic regression. Four different trajectories of social participation were reported in older adults, namely, stable (8.9%), slow decline (15.7%), lower score with decline (42.2%), and higher score with decline (9.5%). On multivariate analyses, age, years of schooling, pension, mental health, cognitive function, instrumental activities of daily living, and initial social participation scores significantly impact the rate of change in social participation over time. Four trajectories of social participation were identified in the Chinese elderly population. Management of mental health, physical function, and cognitive function appear to be important in maintaining the long-term social participation of older people in the community. Early identification of factors influencing the rapid decline in social participation and timely interventions can maintain or improve social participation levels in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qingcai Liu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ruotong Peng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang S, Molassiotis A, Guo C, Leung ISH, Leung AYM. Association between social integration and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:632-645. [PMID: 36307921 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is an emerging public health issue. Growing evidence emerged on the association between social integration and the risk of dementia. However, the magnitude of the association between different aspects of social integration and the risk of dementia is unclear. METHODS Five databases were systematically searched. Newcastle-Ottawa scale for assessing the quality of the reporting was used for quality appraisal. Longitudinal cohort studies examining the association between social integration and the risk of dementia were analyzed using random effects model. A series of sensitivity analyses was conducted to enhance the robustness of the findings. RESULTS Forty publications generated from 32 studies/databases were included. The meta-analysis showed that strong social engagement (overall RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.89, p < 0.001) and frequent social contact (overall RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.97, p = 0.018) were positively associated with decreased risk of dementia. The influence of social support (overall RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.80-1.06, p = 0.238) and close social contact (overall RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.48-1.13, p = 0.167) was not significant. Loneliness was significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia (overall RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.26-1.60, p < 0.001), whereas the influence of social isolation (overall RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.80-3.12, p = 0.192) was not significant. A larger social network size (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59-0.97, p = 0.028) was a promising influencing factor even though the number of studies was insufficient for a meta-analysis. However, the heterogeneity among studies was generally high even though sensitivity analysis was conducted. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that high social engagement and frequent social contact are significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia, whereas loneliness is associated with a higher risk. The promising impact of large social network size is also identified. Substantial heterogeneity appeared in most of the analysis, making the inference tentative. Nevertheless, the sensitivity analysis provided valuable implications that enhancing social engagement and reducing loneliness may prevent or delay the onset of dementia among middle-aged and older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Community Health Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Molassiotis
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Community Health Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunlan Guo
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Isaac Sze Him Leung
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angela Yee Man Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Community Health Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao Z, Liu C, Yang L, Mei X, Wei X, Kuang J, Zhou K, Xu M. Longitudinal Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: A Latent Growth Curve Modeling Approach. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1605124. [PMID: 36213141 PMCID: PMC9537360 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although the evidence from numerous longitudinal studies has indicated a remarkable change in cognitive function (CF) and depressive symptoms (DS) over time, the parallel latent growth curve model (LGCM) has seldom been used to simultaneously investigate the relationship between their change trajectories. This study aimed to examine whether a change in DS was associated with CF over time using an LGCM. Methods: Data were collected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey's 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves. A parallel LGCM examined the association between CF and DS. Results: The multivariate conditioned model's goodness of fit supported the validity of the longitudinal model (Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.90, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.96, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.04). The results showed that the CF intercept was positively to the DS slope (β = 0.42, p = 0.004). The CF and DS slopes were significantly linked (β = -0.65, p = 0.002). Conclusion: The findings expand the knowledge about CF's effect on DS in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Gao
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyi Mei
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinke Kuang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chiang YC, Gao DR, Lee CY, Li X, Sun XY, Chen CT. Influence of promoting an "age-friendly cities" strategy on psychological capital and social engagement based on the scenario method. J Aging Soc Policy 2022; 35:463-485. [PMID: 35969515 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2022.2110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Holding large conferences and events usually encourages the corresponding government to upgrade the host city. For this process, incorporating additional costs to increase accessibility for the elderly is a feasible means for a city to develop in an age-friendly manner. Providing evidence-based reports to policy makers is conducive to implementing the policies of age-friendly cities. This study used the scenario method to simulate the effect of promoting the "age-friendly cities" strategy on residents' psychological capital and social engagement (SE). We found that promoting the construction of age-friendly cities can significantly improve residents' psychological capital and SE and that residents from all age groups can benefit. This paper provides an economical means to influence policymakers through evidence-based reports in promoting the development of age-friendly cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chiang
- Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Chinaor
| | - Da-Rui Gao
- Master of Journalism and Communication, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lee
- Associate Professor, School of International Business, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Master of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Ying Sun
- Professor, Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ching-Tsao Chen
- Associate Professor, School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Naismith SL, Michaelian JC, Low LF, Arsenova V, Mehrani I, Fyfe K, Kochan NA, Kurrle SE, Rowe C, Sachdev PS. Characterising Australian memory clinics: current practice and service needs informing national service guidelines. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:578. [PMID: 35836238 PMCID: PMC9281346 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Memory clinics (MCs) play a key role in accurate and timely diagnoses and treatment of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. However, within Australia, there are little data available on current practices in MCs, which hinder international comparisons for best practice, harmonisation efforts and national coordination. Here, we aimed to characterise current service profiles of Australian MCs. Methods The ‘Australian Dementia Network Survey of Expert Opinion on Best Practice and the Current Clinical Landscape’ was conducted between August-September 2020 as part of a larger-scale Delphi process deployed to develop national MC guidelines. In this study, we report on the subset of questions pertaining to current practice including wait-times and post-diagnostic care. Results Responses were received from 100 health professionals representing 60 separate clinics (45 public, 11 private, and 4 university/research clinics). The majority of participants were from clinics in metropolitan areas (79%) and in general were from high socioeconomic areas. While wait-times varied, only 28.3% of clinics were able to offer an appointment within 1-2 weeks for urgent referrals, with significantly more private clinics (58.3%) compared to public clinics (19.5%) being able to do so. Wait-times were less than 8 weeks for 34.5% of non-urgent referrals. Only 20.0 and 30.9% of clinics provided cognitive interventions or post-diagnostic support respectively, with 7.3% offering home-based reablement programs, and only 12.7% offering access to group-based education. Metropolitan clinics utilised neuropsychological assessments for a broader range of cases and were more likely to offer clinical trials and access to research opportunities. Conclusions In comparison to similar countries with comprehensive government-funded public healthcare systems (i.e., United Kingdom, Ireland and Canada), wait-times for Australian MCs are long, and post-diagnostic support or evidence-based strategies targeting cognition are not common practice. The timely and important results of this study highlight a need for Australian MCs to adopt a more holistic service of multidisciplinary assessment and post-diagnostic support, as well as the need for the number of Australian MCs to be increased to match the rising number of dementia cases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03253-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Naismith
- School of Psychology, Charles Perkins Centre and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Johannes C Michaelian
- School of Psychology, Charles Perkins Centre and the Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Fay Low
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valerie Arsenova
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Inga Mehrani
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina Fyfe
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan E Kurrle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rising KL, Salcedo VJ, Amadio G, Casten R, Chang A, Gentsch A, O'Hayer CV, Sarpoulaki N, Worster B, Gerolamo AM. Living Through the Pandemic: The Voices of Persons With Dementia and Their Caregivers. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:30-35. [PMID: 34344205 DOI: 10.1177/07334648211036399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Social-distancing guidelines from the COVID-19 pandemic have potential to compound morbidity in persons with dementia (PwD) and increase caregiver burden. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews between August-November 2020 to explore the impact of COVID-19 on PwD and caregivers. Conventional qualitative content analysis was used. Inter-coder reliability was confirmed using the kappa coefficient. Twenty-five interviews were completed with four themes emerging: disruption of socialization, fear and risk mitigation, coping strategies, and caregiver burden. Participants described how lack of socialization and confinement led to feelings of loneliness, depression, and worsening memory problems. Caregivers reported increased burden and heightened feelings of responsibility for their loved one. Increased isolation imposed by the pandemic has a detrimental impact on PwD. Further work is needed to develop interventions to support PwD and other cognitive impairments and caregivers during the pandemic and when in-person socialization is not possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Amadio
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robin Casten
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arafa A, Eshak ES, Shirai K, Cadar D, Iso H, Tsuji T, Kanamori S, Kondo K. Impact of various intensities and frequencies of non-occupational physical activity on the risk of dementia among physically independent older adults: the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Public Health 2021; 196:204-210. [PMID: 34274694 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association between different intensities and frequencies of non-occupational physical activity (PA) and the risk of dementia among Japanese older adults. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 2194 participants aged ≥65 years from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were followed up between 2010 and 2016. The standardised dementia scale of the long-term care insurance system was used to identify incident dementia, whereas non-occupational PA (<2 or ≥2 times/week on each intensity: light, moderate and vigorous) was assessed using a questionnaire. Cox regression was used to compute the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident dementia. RESULTS After adjustment for sociodemographic and medical characteristics, the following frequencies and intensities of non-occupational PA, compared with no non-occupational PA at all, were associated with a reduced risk of dementia: light PA ≥2 times/week (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38-0.97), moderate PA <2 times/week (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28-0.76), moderate PA ≥2 times/week (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.91), vigorous PA <2 times/week (HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.74) and vigorous PA ≥2 times/week (HR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15-0.57). In the sex-specific analysis, moderate PA <2 times/week and vigorous PA ≥2 times/week were associated with a reduced risk of dementia in men, whereas light and moderate PA ≥2 times/week and all frequencies of vigorous PA were associated with a reduced risk of dementia in women. CONCLUSIONS Practicing non-occupational PA was associated with a reduced risk of dementia among Japanese older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Arafa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - E S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - K Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - D Cadar
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - T Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kanamori
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sekiguchi T, Kondo K, Otake-Matsuura M. Types of social networks and starting leisure activities in later life: A longitudinal Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254828. [PMID: 34265020 PMCID: PMC8282000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering beneficial effects of leisure activities in later life on well-being and health, we investigated which type of social network among older adults is associated with starting their participation in leisure activities. We used data from a longitudinal Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) conducted in Japan every three years from 2010 to 2016. We extracted types of social networks of older adults who did not participate in leisure activities in 2013 and responded to items related to social networks (n = 3436) relying on latent class analysis to examine changes in leisure activity participation over a three-year period within each latent class while controlling for participants' activity in 2010. As a result, we identified five latent classes of social networks: the Neighborhood network, the Restricted network, which is characterized by limited social contacts, the Colleagues network, the Same-Interest network, and the Diverse network, from the most to the least prevalent. We found that members of the Neighborhood (Cohen's d = 0.161) and Same-Interest networks (d = 0.660) were significantly more likely to, and members of the Diverse (d = 0.124) and Colleague networks (d = 0.060) were not significantly more likely to start leisure activities than those in the Restricted network. Furthermore, we found that lower age, better mental health, and higher education level were positively associated with starting participation in leisure activities in some latent classes. Horticulture or gardening was most likely to be chosen across all latent classes. Supporting the formation of social networks facilitating leisure activities, and recommending activities that were likely to be selected could be one solution for getting and keeping older adults active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sekiguchi
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boyle R, Knight SP, De Looze C, Carey D, Scarlett S, Stern Y, Robertson IH, Kenny RA, Whelan R. Verbal intelligence is a more robust cross-sectional measure of cognitive reserve than level of education in healthy older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:128. [PMID: 34253231 PMCID: PMC8276413 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve is most commonly measured using socio-behavioural proxy variables. These variables are easy to collect, have a straightforward interpretation, and are widely associated with reduced risk of dementia and cognitive decline in epidemiological studies. However, the specific proxies vary across studies and have rarely been assessed in complete models of cognitive reserve (i.e. alongside both a measure of cognitive outcome and a measure of brain structure). Complete models can test independent associations between proxies and cognitive function in addition to the moderation effect of proxies on the brain-cognition relationship. Consequently, there is insufficient empirical evidence guiding the choice of proxy measures of cognitive reserve and poor comparability across studies. METHOD In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the validity of 5 common proxies (education, occupational complexity, verbal intelligence, leisure activities, and exercise) and all possible combinations of these proxies in 2 separate community-dwelling older adult cohorts: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA; N = 313, mean age = 68.9 years, range = 54-88) and the Cognitive Reserve/Reference Ability Neural Network Study (CR/RANN; N = 234, mean age = 64.49 years, range = 50-80). Fifteen models were created with 3 brain structure variables (grey matter volume, hippocampal volume, and mean cortical thickness) and 5 cognitive variables (verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, and global cognition). RESULTS No moderation effects were observed. There were robust positive associations with cognitive function, independent of brain structure, for 2 individual proxies (verbal intelligence and education) and 16 composites (i.e. combinations of proxies). Verbal intelligence was statistically significant in all models. Education was significant only in models with executive function as the cognitive outcome variable. Three robust composites were observed in more than two-thirds of brain-cognition models: the composites of (1) occupational complexity and verbal intelligence, (2) education and verbal intelligence, and (3) education, occupational complexity, and verbal intelligence. However, no composite had larger average effects nor was more robust than verbal intelligence alone. CONCLUSION These results support the use of verbal intelligence as a proxy measure of CR in cross-sectional studies of cognitively healthy older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Boyle
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Carey
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Scarlett
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Y Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - I H Robertson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R A Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Whelan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Relationships between Perceived Social Support and Physical Activity with Mood, Physical Fitness and Cognitive Status of Elderly in Golestan Province, Iran. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jgbfnm.18.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
|
23
|
Wen Y, Liao J, Yin Y, Liu C, Gong R, Wu D. Risk of falls in 4 years of follow-up among Chinese adults with diabetes: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043349. [PMID: 34103310 PMCID: PMC8190046 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to determine the incidence of falls and identify baseline factors increased risk for incident falls over time among people with diabetes. DESIGN This study was a secondary analysis using the baseline and 4 years of follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). SETTING A nationally representative survey of 17 500 Chinese residents aged 45 years and older were recruited in the baseline national survey in 2011. These participants were followed up every 2 years. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1238 middle-aged and older adults with diabetes and no history of falls at baseline were included in the current study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Information on incidence of falls and medical treatment resulting from falls were determined by self-report. RESULTS The findings showed that the incidence of falls was 29.4% during 4 years of follow-up. Participants with incident falls were younger, were more likely to be women, had lower education level and were less likely to be current drinkers. In addition, former drinkers were 2.22 times more likely to fall. Socially active individuals were 47% less likely to fall compared with those without social activities. Every 5 kg increase in grip strength was associated with a 13% lower risk of falls. A 10 mg/dL higher total cholesterol and 1 mg/dL higher blood urea nitrogen were associated with a 4% and 6% higher risk of falls. Finally, participants with depressive symptoms were 1.47 times more likely to fall compared with those without depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of developing a fall prevention programme for those with diabetes, and this programme should address potentially modifiable risk factors, including levels of total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, social activity, depressive symptoms and grip strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiqiong Yin
- Gastrointestinal Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renrong Gong
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ Department of Surgery, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University /Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nursing, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu & Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Majoka MA, Schimming C. Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Cognition and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. Clin Ther 2021; 43:922-929. [PMID: 34103175 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, work, live, and age and the wider set of forces and systems that shape the conditions of daily life. They affect every area of life, particularly health and health care. There is increasing focus on modifiable factors that affect cognition and risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs). This article examines the impact of various social determinants of health, which are potentially reversible, on the incidence, prevalence, and risk of ADRDs and cognition. Various social determinants of health affect cognition and risk of ADRDs. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) and less education are associated with a higher incidence of ADRDs, whereas higher SES and education level appear to be protective, leading to a deceleration of time to diagnosis. In terms of employment, manual labor is associated with a higher risk of ADRDs. Higher body mass index in midlife and a decreasing body mass index in old age are associated with a higher risk of ADRDs. Furthermore, lower food security in early and late life is associated with a higher risk of ADRD diagnosis. Neighborhoods that are economically disadvantaged with fewer physical resources are associated with a higher risk of ADRDs. Higher levels of social engagement have a protective effect on diagnosis of ADRDs. Higher levels of stress are associated with a higher likelihood of developing ADRDs. Early-life adversity is associated with an increased risk of ADRDs, and further work in this area will be illuminating. Racial discrimination also leads to higher risk of ADRDs through the direct effect of discrimination and indirectly through lower SES, educational level, employment, and residential segregation. With an aim of reducing of ADRDs, future work in enhancing education, improving socioeconomic conditions, work, and neighborhood environments, and eliminating racial discrimination could potentially have a drastic impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muniza Anum Majoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Corbett Schimming
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lisko I, Kulmala J, Annetorp M, Ngandu T, Mangialasche F, Kivipelto M. How can dementia and disability be prevented in older adults: where are we today and where are we going? J Intern Med 2021; 289:807-830. [PMID: 33314384 PMCID: PMC8248434 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing of the population, together with population growth, has brought along an ample increase in the number of older individuals living with dementia and disabilities. Dementia is the main cause of disability in old age, and promoting healthy brain ageing is considered as a key element in diminishing the burden of age-related disabilities. The World Health Organization recently launched the first risk reduction guidelines for cognitive impairment and dementia. According to recent estimates, approximately 40% of dementia cases worldwide could be attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors: low education; midlife hypertension and obesity; diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol use, physical inactivity, depression, low social contact, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury and air pollution indicating clear prevention potential. Dementia and physical disability are closely linked with shared risk factors and possible shared underlying mechanisms supporting the possibility of integrated preventive interventions. FINGER trial was the first large randomized controlled trial indicating that multidomain lifestyle-based intervention can prevent cognitive and functional decline amongst at-risk older adults from the general population. Within the World-Wide FINGERS network, the multidomain FINGER concept is now tested and adapted worldwide proving evidence and tools for effective and easily implementable preventive strategies. Close collaboration between researchers, policymakers and healthcare practitioners, involvement of older adults and utilization of new technologies to support self-management is needed to facilitate the implementation of the research findings. In this scoping review, we present the current scientific evidence in the field of dementia and disability prevention and discuss future directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Lisko
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research CenterUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - J. Kulmala
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Public Health Promotion UnitFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
- School of Health Care and Social WorkSeinäjoki University of Applied SciencesSeinäjokiFinland
| | - M. Annetorp
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme AgingStockholmSweden
| | - T. Ngandu
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Public Health Promotion UnitFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - F. Mangialasche
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - M. Kivipelto
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme AgingStockholmSweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandHelsinkiFinland
- Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research UnitSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Amanollahi M, Amanollahi S, Anjomshoa A, Dolatshahi M. Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3109-3124. [PMID: 33715252 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that social, physical, and cognitively challenging activities during lifetime, could mitigate the negative effects of aging on cognitive function. This effect is explained by the increased cognitive reserve (CR) resulting from such factors; in fact, such activities, by altering structural and functional properties of the human brain, equip one with more effective compensatory mechanisms to resist brain damage before the presentation of severe clinical symptoms. Therefore, applying appropriate modifications in one's lifestyle and activities may be effective in lowering the risk of developing dementia and cognitive dysfunction in old age, especially in brain areas that are susceptible to aging. In this paper, we are going to review relevant studies discussing the association between important modifiable factors, known as CR proxies (i.e., educational attainment, occupational complexity, physical activity, social engagement, bilingualism, leisure activities, and Mediterranean diet), and different domains of cognitive function, which are affected either in the process of healthy aging or neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Amanollahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Amanollahi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Anjomshoa
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wen M, Ren Q. Cognitive and psychological health implications of living alone among middle-aged and older adults in China. ASIAN POPULATION STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.1886715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Qiang Ren
- Centre for Social Research and Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sommerlad A, Sabia S, Livingston G, Kivimäki M, Lewis G, Singh-Manoux A. Leisure activity participation and risk of dementia: An 18-year follow-up of the Whitehall II Study. Neurology 2020; 95:e2803-e2815. [PMID: 33115773 PMCID: PMC7734721 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that leisure activity participation is associated with lower dementia risk, we examined the association between participation in leisure activities and incident dementia in a large longitudinal study with average 18-year follow-up. METHODS We used data from 8,280 participants of the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. A 13-item scale assessed leisure activity participation in 1997-1999, 2002-2004, and 2007-2009, and incidence of dementia (n cases = 360, mean age at diagnosis 76.2 years, incidence rate 2.4 per 1,000 person-years) was ascertained from 3 comprehensive national registers with follow-up until March 2017. Primary analyses were based on complete cases (n = 6,050, n cases = 247) and sensitivity analyses used multiple imputation for missing data. RESULTS Participation in leisure activities at mean age 55.8 (1997-1999 assessment), with 18.0-year follow-up, was not associated with dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92 [95% confidence interval 0.79-1.06]), but those with higher participation at mean age 65.7 (2007-2009 assessment) were less likely to develop dementia with 8.3-year follow-up (HR 0.82 [0.69-0.98]). No specific type of leisure activity was consistently associated with dementia risk. Decline in participation between 1997-1999 and 2007-2009 was associated with subsequent dementia risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that participation in leisure activities declines in the preclinical phase of dementia; there was no robust evidence for a protective association between leisure activity participation and dementia. Future research should investigate the sociobehavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological drivers of decline in leisure activity participation to determine potential approaches to improving social participation of those developing dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- From the Division of Psychiatry (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis) and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.S., M.K., A.-S.M.), University College London; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis), London, UK; Université de Paris (S.S., A.-S.M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, France; and Clinicum and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (M.K.), University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Séverine Sabia
- From the Division of Psychiatry (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis) and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.S., M.K., A.-S.M.), University College London; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis), London, UK; Université de Paris (S.S., A.-S.M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, France; and Clinicum and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (M.K.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gill Livingston
- From the Division of Psychiatry (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis) and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.S., M.K., A.-S.M.), University College London; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis), London, UK; Université de Paris (S.S., A.-S.M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, France; and Clinicum and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (M.K.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- From the Division of Psychiatry (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis) and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.S., M.K., A.-S.M.), University College London; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis), London, UK; Université de Paris (S.S., A.-S.M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, France; and Clinicum and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (M.K.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Glyn Lewis
- From the Division of Psychiatry (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis) and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.S., M.K., A.-S.M.), University College London; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis), London, UK; Université de Paris (S.S., A.-S.M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, France; and Clinicum and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (M.K.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- From the Division of Psychiatry (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis) and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.S., M.K., A.-S.M.), University College London; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust (A.S., G. Livingston, G. Lewis), London, UK; Université de Paris (S.S., A.-S.M.), Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, France; and Clinicum and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (M.K.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cerino ES, Hooker K, Goodrich E, Dodge HH. Personality Moderates Intervention Effects on Cognitive Function: A 6-Week Conversation-Based Intervention. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:958-967. [PMID: 31112605 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Social isolation is associated with a higher risk of dementia. We previously conducted and showed the efficacy of an intervention which uses conversation (the core component of social interactions) as a tool to enhance cognitive function. We now explore whether cognitive improvements through conversation-based intervention depend on an individual's personality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We reexamined data from a 6-week randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01571427) to determine whether conversation-based intervention effects were moderated by personality traits in 83 older adults (mean age = 80.51 years, 49 cognitively intact, 34 individuals with mild cognitive impairment). The intervention group participated in daily 30-min face-to-face semi-structured conversations with trained interviewers through a web-enabled system for 6 weeks. At baseline, psychosocial questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery were completed. RESULTS Intervention group participants with high agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion exhibited significant improvements in language-based executive function tasks beyond changes in the control group (ps < .05). An opposite pattern for delayed recall memory and working memory tasks emerged among highly extraverted participants (ps < .05). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our exploratory findings suggest the adaptive role of personality traits in conversation-based cognitive interventions may be limited to tasks incorporating a language component, and offer initial evidence for personalized approaches to cognitive health in late life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Karen Hooker
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Elena Goodrich
- Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.,Department of Neurology, Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Heterogeneous Trajectory Classes of Social Engagement and Sex Differences for Older Adults in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228322. [PMID: 33187061 PMCID: PMC7696123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the heterogeneous trajectory classes of social engagement among older adults in China and examine sex differences to determine how sociodemographic characteristics and health status impact these trajectory classes. A sample of 8117 participants aged ≥65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was included. Growth mixture modeling was conducted to estimate the trajectory classes of social engagement. Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the associations between individual characteristics and trajectory classes. Three trajectory classes of social engagement were identified: the high-decline (35.3%), medium-decline (57.6%), and low-increase (7.1%). Men were less likely to be in the medium-decline and low-increase classes than women. Older men benefited from economic factors more than women. Education exhibited a stronger protective effect on the high-decline class for older women. High physical functioning might enable older adults with the lowest initial level of social engagement to make efforts to engage in social activities, which was stronger for older men than women. For both men and women, a proper cognitive state and positive emotions were in favor of social engagement. These findings are valuable for achieving sex equity in social engagement development for healthy and active aging.
Collapse
|
31
|
Association of Late Life Depression, (Non-) Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors with Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: Literature Review on Current Evidences, Preventive Interventions and Possible Future Trends in Prevention and Treatment of Dementia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207475. [PMID: 33066592 PMCID: PMC7602449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of people living with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is growing rapidly, making dementia one of the biggest challenges for this century. Many studies have indicated that depression plays an important role in development of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease; depression, especially, during the late life may either increase the risk of dementia or even being its prodromal stage. Despite a notably large number of carried observational studies and/or clinical trials, the association between the late life depression and dementia remains, due to the complexity of their relationship, still unclear. Moreover, during past two decades multiple other (non-)modifiable risk and possibly protective factors such as the hypertension, social engagement, obesity, level of education or physical (in)activity have been identified and their relationship with the risk for development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease has been extensively studied. It has been proposed that to understand mechanisms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease pathogeneses require their multifactorial nature represented by these multiple factors to be considered. In this review, we first summarize the recent literature findings on roles of the late life depression and the other known (non-)modifiable risk and possibly protective factors in development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Then, we provide evidences supporting hypotheses that (i) depressive syndromes in late life may indicate the prodromal stage of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease) and, (ii) the interplay among the multiple (non-)modifiable risk and protective factors should be considered to gain a better understanding of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease pathogeneses. We also discuss the evidences of recently established interventions considered to prevent or delay the prodromes of dementia and provide the prospective future directions in prevention and treatment of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease using both the single-domain and multidomain interventions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fu J, Jiang Z, Hong Y, Liu S, Kong D, Zhong Z, Luo Y. Global scientific research on social participation of older people from 2000 to 2019: A bibliometric analysis. Int J Older People Nurs 2020; 16:e12349. [PMID: 32951349 PMCID: PMC7816257 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Social participation is an indicator of successful ageing and important determinant of health outcomes. As more studies have been conducted on social participation of older people, a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the current literature will contribute to a better understanding of the main and novel issues and improve existing geriatric care services in this domain. However, limited bibliometric analysis was employed in this research field. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the research trend and quantitatively and comprehensively characterise the landscapes of publications on social participation of older people via bibliometric analysis methods. Methods Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection in January 2020. CiteSpace 5.5.R2 and VOSviewer software packages were used to generate knowledge maps and analyse the publication outputs, countries/regions, institutions, journals, research hot spots and research frontiers. Results A total of 7,029 publications between 2000 and 2019 were retrieved, and the publication number per year continues to increase. The United States held a leading position in this research field, and Duke University was the most productive institution. Co‐cited reference cluster analysis and keyword co‐occurrence analysis showed that research hot spots contained factors of healthy ageing, quality of life, psychological problems and health status, especially dementia, function (including cognitive function) and frailty. Burst detection of keywords revealed that social participation, social support, instrumental activity, frailty and loneliness have been new research frontiers since 2015. Conclusions By analysing publications over the past 20 years, we found publication trends and characteristics in this field. These findings will hopefully provide new insight into the scientific landscapes and further directions in the study of social participation of older people. Implications for Practice Social participation is strongly associated with physical and psychological problems and the well‐being of older people. Related professionals, such as social workers, psychologists, nurses and many other health care practitioners, should raise widespread awareness and concern over research hot spots and frontiers on this topic to promote research knowledge translation and adoption into the practice of caring for older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fu
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixiao Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dehui Kong
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Zhong
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Siette J, Georgiou A, Brayne C, Westbrook JI. Social networks and cognitive function in older adults receiving home- and community-based aged care. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Hypothetical Interventions on Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment among Chinese Older Adults: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031021. [PMID: 32041194 PMCID: PMC7036763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of psychosocial and dietary interventions on risk of cognitive impairment is not known. The aim of this study was to estimate the 10-year risks of cognitive impairment under hypothetical interventions of psychosocial factors and dietary intake among Chinese older adults. A sample of 7377 respondents aged 65 and over was drawn from the last four waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2002 to 2011/2012. The parametric g-formula was used to estimate the risk of cognitive impairment under independent hypothetical interventions of social engagement, psychological well-being (PWB), dietary intake, and the joint interventions of their different combination. The observed risk of cognitive impairment was 20.08% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.81, 21.07). The risk ratios (RR) of cognitive impairment under the hypothetical interventions on higher social engagement, eating fruits at least sometimes, eating vegetables at least sometimes, positive PWB were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.82), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.95), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.00) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98, 0.99), respectively. The RR of joint intervention was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.73). Hypothetical interventions on psychosocial factors such as social engagement and PWB, as well as fruits and vegetable intake, were beneficial to protect older adults from cognitive impairment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lv Y, Mao C, Yin Z, Li F, Wu X, Shi X. Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS): a cohort profile. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026513. [PMID: 31601581 PMCID: PMC6797363 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Biomarkers Cohort (Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS)) was established to investigate the determinants of healthy aging and mortality among the oldest old in China. Besides collecting health status, behavioural and sociodemographic circumstances, the present study also gathers comprehensive data for the elderly by simultaneously collecting, detecting, analysing blood and urine, respectively. PARTICIPANTS HABCS is a community-based longitudinal multiwave study of older men and women aged 65 or above. Baseline survey and the follow-up surveys with replacement for deceased elderly were conducted in eight longevity areas in China, which cover the northern, middle and southern parts of China. Between 2008 and 2017, 6333 participants were included in HABCS, comprising 1385 centenarians, 1350 nonagenarians, 1294 octogenarians, 1577 younger elderly (aged 65-79). FINDINGS TO DATE We have found that higher baseline levels of (1) total cholesterol, (2) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and (3) superoxide dismutase activity were associated with greater cognitive decline. While (4) higher LDL-C level was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality. There was a reverse association between (5) plasma vitamin D and cognitive impairment in cross-sectional and prospective study. FUTURE PLANS We are currently exploring the relationships between various biomarkers and different outcomes such as cognitive function and mortality. This longitudinal cohort study will be continued in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxue Yin
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sommerlad A, Sabia S, Singh-Manoux A, Lewis G, Livingston G. Association of social contact with dementia and cognition: 28-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002862. [PMID: 31374073 PMCID: PMC6677303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is need to identify targets for preventing or delaying dementia. Social contact is a potential target for clinical and public health studies, but previous observational studies had short follow-up, making findings susceptible to reverse causation bias. We therefore examined the association of social contact with subsequent incident dementia and cognition with 28 years' follow-up. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Whitehall II longitudinal prospective cohort study of employees of London civil service departments, aged 35-55 at baseline assessment in 1985-1988 and followed to 2017. Social contact was measured six times through a self-report questionnaire about frequency of contact with non-cohabiting relatives and friends. Dementia status was ascertained from three linked clinical and mortality databases, and cognition was assessed five times using tests of verbal memory, verbal fluency, and reasoning. Cox regression models with inverse probability weighting to account for attrition and missingness examined the association between social contact at age 50, 60, and 70 years and subsequent incident dementia. Mixed linear models examined the association of midlife social contact between 45 and 55 years and cognitive trajectory during the subsequent 14 years. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, health behaviours, employment status, and marital status. Of 10,308 Whitehall II study participants, 10,228 provided social contact data (mean age 44.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 6.1 years] at baseline; 33.1% female; 89.1% white ethnicity). More frequent social contact at age 60 years was associated with lower dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] for each SD higher social contact frequency = 0.88 [95% CI 0.79, 0.98], p = 0.02); effect size of the association of social contact at 50 or 70 years with dementia was similar (0.92 [95% CI 0.83, 1.02], p = 0.13 and 0.91 [95% CI 0.78, 1.06], p = 0.23, respectively) but not statistically significant. The association between social contact and incident dementia was driven by contact with friends (HR = 0.90 [95% CI 0.81, 1.00], p = 0.05), but no association was found for contact with relatives. More frequent social contact during midlife was associated with better subsequent cognitive trajectory: global cognitive function was 0.07 (95% CI 0.03, 0.11), p = 0.002 SDs higher for those with the highest versus lowest tertile of social contact frequency, and this difference was maintained over 14 years follow-up. Results were consistent in a series of post hoc analyses, designed to assess potential biases. A limitation of our study is ascertainment of dementia status from electronic health records rather than in-person assessment of diagnostic status, with the possibility that milder dementia cases were more likely to be missed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest a protective effect of social contact against dementia and that more frequent contact confers higher cognitive reserve, although it is possible that the ability to maintain more social contact may be a marker of cognitive reserve. Future intervention studies should seek to examine whether improving social contact frequency is feasible, acceptable, and efficacious in changing cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inserm U1153, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inserm U1153, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Amini R, Chee KH, Mendieta M, Parker S. Online engagement and cognitive function among older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:918-923. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amini
- Department of Public Health and Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan‐Flint Flint Michigan USA
| | - Kyong Hee Chee
- Department of Sociology, College of Liberal ArtsTexas State University San Marcos Texas USA
| | - Maximiliano Mendieta
- Department of Public Health and Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan‐Flint Flint Michigan USA
| | - Shan Parker
- Department of Public Health and Health SciencesUniversity of Michigan‐Flint Flint Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lara E, Martín-María N, De la Torre-Luque A, Koyanagi A, Vancampfort D, Izquierdo A, Miret M. Does loneliness contribute to mild cognitive impairment and dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 52:7-16. [PMID: 30914351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that loneliness is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, the extent of this association remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining this association was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception to November 15th 2018. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to obtain pooled estimates and 95% CIs. Studies were also assessed for heterogeneity, methodological quality and publication bias. A total of 4270 hits were retrieved based on the initial search strategy and ten studies met the eligibility criteria involving 37339 individuals (mean age from 64.9 to 83.1 years). Variation between studies was present for the measurement of loneliness as well as for the case ascertainment of MCI and dementia. Loneliness was positively associated with increased risk of dementia (overall RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.14, 1.40; n = 8). Due to lack of sufficient data, we could not explore the association between loneliness and risk of MCI through a meta-analysis, but limited evidence suggests a potential effect of loneliness on MCI. A further understanding of the deleterious effects of loneliness on MCI and dementia may assist the design of environmental and psychological interventions to prevent or delay the onset of these neuropsychiatric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Lara
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain.
| | - Natalia Martín-María
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Alejandro De la Torre-Luque
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Ana Izquierdo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Siette J, Georgiou A, Westbrook J. Observational cohort study investigating cognitive outcomes, social networks and well-being in older adults: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029495. [PMID: 31209095 PMCID: PMC6588986 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social networks play a role in slowing the development of dementia. However, there is a need for further investigation of the effects of improving social networks on health-related quality of life and cognitive performance. Targeted community aged care services are a central strategy for supporting older adults to initiate and maintain their social engagement with other individuals at all stages of later life. This protocol describes a prospective observational cohort study aimed at (1) characterising interpersonal relationships in older adults receiving community care services, (2) assessing the relationship social networks and health-related quality of life and cognition and (3) identifying the association between community care use, social networks and cognition. The findings will contribute to our understanding of how specific social network structures and social support services can maintain cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective, observational cohort study of 201 older Australians residing in the community and receiving care services from one of three aged care organisations. Clients with a history of neurological injury will be excluded. Participants will undergo baseline measures of social networks, health-related quality of life and cognitive function, and a follow-up at 6 months. Service use and sociodemographic variables will also be collected. The primary outcome is cognitive function, and secondary outcomes include social networks and health-related quality of life. Multivariable linear regression will test the hypothesis that increased social networks are associated with an increase in cognitive function. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval of the study by Macquarie University Research Ethics Committee (reference number 5201831394062) has been obtained. This work will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentations in abstract form at scientific meetings and results will be made available to home and community-based care older adults and care staff of the involved organisations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618001723279; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Siette
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Georgiou
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Johanna Westbrook
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stepankova Georgi H, Frydrychova Z, Horakova Vlckova K, Vidovicova L, Sulc Z, Lukavsky J. Young-Old City-Dwellers Outperform Village Counterparts in Attention and Verbal Control Tasks. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1224. [PMID: 31191412 PMCID: PMC6546844 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive performance is dynamic and shaped by individual biological and environmental factors throughout life. In psychology, besides the effects of age, education, and other often studied factors, the complexity of the lived-in environment and urbanicity in that context are yet to be elucidated. In this observational cross-sectional study, we compare cognitive performance in standard neuropsychological tests in healthy older persons from three different types of settlements in the Czechia: the capital city of Prague, towns, and villages. The groups were equal in terms of the age-band (60–74 years), the distribution of gender, education, past and current leisure activities, and cognitive health status (MMSE score). The results showed that Prague citizens had consistently better performance in all verbal tests (for memory and verbal control, i.e., executive function) and attention than persons from other areas. The groups did not differ in timed visuo-graphomotor performance. The conclusion is that the complex environment of a city may promote, in the long-term, certain cognitive abilities, distinguishable even in a developed, culturally homogenous country. The implications are: (a) the description of samples used in normative studies should include information on the lived-in environment for the reference of researchers and clinicians; and (b) individual clinical assessment should reflect the role of the patient’s environment where appropriate. The exact mechanisms and causes of the differences need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zdenek Sulc
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jiri Lukavsky
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang H, Bath PA. The Use of Data Mining Methods for the Prediction of Dementia: Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 24:345-353. [PMID: 31180874 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2921418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dementia in older age is a major health concern with the increase in the aging population. Preventive measures to prevent or delay dementia symptoms are of utmost importance. In this study, a large and wide variety of factors from multiple domains were investigated using a large nationally representative sample of older people from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Seven machine learning algorithms were implemented to build predictive models for performance comparison. A simple model ensemble approach was used to combine the prediction results of individual base models to further improve predictive power. A series of important factors in each domain area were identified. The findings from this study provide new evidence on factors that are associated with the dementia in later life. This information will help our understanding of potential risk factors for dementia and identify warning signs of the early stages of dementia. Longitudinal research is required to establish which factors may be causative and which factors may be a consequence of dementia.
Collapse
|
42
|
Brydges CR, Bielak AAM. The Impact of a Sustained Cognitive Engagement Intervention on Cognitive Variability: The Synapse Project. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019; 3:365-375. [PMID: 32775959 DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Interest in maintaining one's cognitive ability and quality of life through older adulthood has greatly increased in recent years. However, research examining the effectiveness of cognitive engagement interventions on older adults is mixed and the mechanisms behind improving cognition in older age are unknown. It is possible that traditional measures of cognitive outcomes, such as average reaction time, may overlook potential benefits due to a lack of sensitivity in these measures. One alternative metric is intraindividual variability (IIV) in response speed (short-term variations in performance on reaction time tasks), which reflects fluctuations in attention and is a sensitive behavioral measure of neurological integrity that is predictive of future cognitive decline and impairment. Objective The current study aimed to investigate whether IIV was improved in older adults through productive cognitive engagement (i.e., acquisition of new skills) in comparison to receptive engagement (activities that rely upon existing knowledge). Methods Participants were 173 typically aging adults aged 60-90 years who were recruited to the Synapse Project and randomly allocated to a productive engagement activity (learning to quilt and/or conduct digital photography) or receptive engagement activity (socializing, or placebo cognitive tasks such as completing crosswords). Participants completed three flanker tasks at baseline and after completing the 14-week intervention program. IIV was calculated as the trial-to-trial variability in responding to congruent and incongruent trials in each task. Results Neither traditional intent-to-treat nor complier average causal effect modeling analyses showed any significant improvements in IIV for either intervention group. Further, Bayesian analyses showed that there was moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. Conclusion An intensive cognitive activity intervention did not result in a reduction in IIV. We suggest that intervention programs may need to specifically engage cognitive domains associated with IIV (i.e., attention, executive control) for improvements to be observed. Additionally, other design factors such as using a longer duration and/or applying the intervention to atypically aging groups, such as those with mild cognitive impairment, may increase the likelihood of significantly reducing IIV via an intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison A M Bielak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cai JY, Zha ML, Yuan BF, Xie Q, Chen HL. Prevalence of pressure injury among Chinese community-dwelling older people and its risk factors: A national survey based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2516-2525. [PMID: 30950527 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the distribution of pressure injuries among older adults in China and to identify the associated risk factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The identified subjects were collected from 2012 wave of a national Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Older people were defined as being 65 years of age or older. We used chi-square test and binary logistic regression to investigate the risk factors of pressure injury development. RESULTS A total of 55 older people were documented as suffering from pressure injuries among 6,961 older Chinese adults, with a prevalence of 0.8%. In the group of disability, the prevalence of pressure injuries from high to low was 3.6% in the highly limited group, 0.4% in the moderately limited group, and 0.3% in the not limited group. The prevalence of pressure injury among older people with stroke, cancer, and dementia were 2%, 4.2%, and 6.6%, respectively. According to the final binary logistic regression analysis, age, disability, incontinence, cancer, and dementia emerged as important risk factors for pressure injury development. CONCLUSION Pressure injury among Chinese community-dwelling aged people was shown to be associated with age, disability, incontinence, cancer, and dementia. As the development of pressure injury may distinctly increase the burden on individuals and healthcare systems, the social and related institutions should actively prevent and control the disease. IMPACT The results of this study will improve the identification of pressure injury among older Chinese people and contribute to the development of effective pressure injury risk management interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Cai
- School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Man-Li Zha
- School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Bao-Fang Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Qian Xie
- School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|