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Hall TJ, McHugo GP, Mullen MP, Ward JA, Killick KE, Browne JA, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE. Integrative and comparative genomic analyses of mammalian macrophage responses to intracellular mycobacterial pathogens. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102453. [PMID: 38071177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis (hTB), is a close evolutionary relative of Mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), one of the most damaging infectious diseases to livestock agriculture. Previous studies have shown that the pathogenesis of bTB disease is comparable to hTB disease, and that the bovine and human alveolar macrophage (bAM and hAM, respectively) transcriptomes are extensively reprogrammed in response to infection with these intracellular mycobacterial pathogens. In this study, a multi-omics integrative approach was applied with functional genomics and GWAS data sets across the two primary hosts (Bos taurus and Homo sapiens) and both pathogens (M. bovis and M. tuberculosis). Four different experimental infection groups were used: 1) bAM infected with M. bovis, 2) bAM infected with M. tuberculosis, 3) hAM infected with M. tuberculosis, and 4) human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM) infected with M. tuberculosis. RNA-seq data from these experiments 24 h post-infection (24 hpi) was analysed using three computational pipelines: 1) differentially expressed genes, 2) differential gene expression interaction networks, and 3) combined pathway analysis. The results were integrated with high-resolution bovine and human GWAS data sets to detect novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to mycobacterial infection and resilience to disease. This revealed common and unique response macrophage pathways for both pathogens and identified 32 genes (12 bovine and 20 human) significantly enriched for SNPs associated with disease resistance, the majority of which encode key components of the NF-κB signalling pathway and that also drive formation of the granuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hall
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Gillian P McHugo
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Michael P Mullen
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Westmeath, N37 HD68, Ireland
| | - James A Ward
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Kate E Killick
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
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Jawahar A, Dhinakar Raj G, Pazhanivel N, Karthik K. Gross and histopathological features of tuberculosis in cattle, buffalo and spotted deer (Axis axis) caused by Mycobacterium orygis. J Comp Pathol 2024; 208:15-19. [PMID: 38042037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium orygis has been isolated from several cases of tuberculosis in various species of animal in India but documentation of the histopathological lesions caused by this organism is scant. Lung and liver tissues with caseous nodules from cattle (n = 8), lung samples from spotted deer (Axis axis) (n = 5) and lung and mediastinal lymph node samples from buffalo (n = 9) were subjected to histopathology and isolation of Mycobacterium spp. Isolation was carried out using the BACTEC MGIT 960 Automated Mycobacterial Detection System and acid-fast positive cultures were identified to species level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing published primer pairs. Three M. orygis isolates (two from cattle, one from deer) were obtained, whole genome sequenced and the sequences submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive. Eight samples (four cattle, one deer and three buffalo) were confirmed as M. orygis positive by PCR. Histopathological examination of the M. orygis-PCR-positive cattle samples revealed acid-fast organisms in lung sections along with macrophages, epithelioid cells, lymphocytes and Langhans giant cells. Granuloma stages I to IV were seen in the cattle and buffalo samples and stage III in the spotted deer sample. This report is the first description of the gross and histopathological lesions of tuberculosis caused by M. orygis in buffalo and documents the gross and histopathological findings of M. orygis tuberculosis in cattle and deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaru Jawahar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600 007, India
| | - Gopal Dhinakar Raj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600 007, India.
| | - Natesan Pazhanivel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600 007, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Udumalpet 642205, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cai Y, Gao W, Wang P, Zhang G, Wang X, Jiang L, Zeng J, Wang Y, Wu Z, Li Y. Comparative proteome analysis revealed the differences in response to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis infection of bovine alveolar macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1266884. [PMID: 38029268 PMCID: PMC10646506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1266884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), attributed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases worldwide. Nevertheless, the host mechanisms preferentially leveraged by Mycobacterium remain unclear. After infection, both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium bovis (MB) bacteria exhibit intimate interactions with host alveolar macrophages; however, the specific mechanisms underlying these macrophage responses remain ambiguous. In our study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) infected with MTB or MB to elucidate the differential responses of BAMs to each pathogen at the protein level. Our findings revealed heightened TB infection susceptibility of BAMs that had been previously infected with MTB or MB. Moreover, we observed that both types of mycobacteria triggered significant changes in BAM energy metabolism. A variety of proteins and signalling pathways associated with autophagy and inflammation-related progression were highly activated in BAMs following MB infection. Additionally, proteins linked to energy metabolism were highly expressed in BAMs following MTB infection. In summary, we propose that BAMs may resist MTB and MB infections via different mechanisms. Our findings provide critical insights into TB pathogenesis, unveiling potential biomarkers to facilitate more effective TB treatment strategies. Additionally, our data lend support to the hypothesis that MTB may be transmitted via cross-species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Weifeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Reference Lab, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Hunter L, Ruedas-Torres I, Agulló-Ros I, Rayner E, Salguero FJ. Comparative pathology of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1264833. [PMID: 37901102 PMCID: PMC10602689 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in human tuberculosis (TB) is limited by the availability of human tissues from patients, which is often altered by therapy and treatment. Thus, the use of animal models is a key tool in increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis, disease progression and preclinical evaluation of new therapies and vaccines. The granuloma is the hallmark lesion of pulmonary tuberculosis, regardless of the species or animal model used. Although animal models may not fully replicate all the histopathological characteristics observed in natural, human TB disease, each one brings its own attributes which enable researchers to answer specific questions regarding TB immunopathogenesis. This review delves into the pulmonary pathology induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) bacteria in different animal models (non-human primates, rodents, guinea pigs, rabbits, cattle, goats, and others) and compares how they relate to the pulmonary disease described in humans. Although the described models have demonstrated some histopathological features in common with human pulmonary TB, these data should be considered carefully in the context of this disease. Further research is necessary to establish the most appropriate model for the study of TB, and to carry out a standard characterisation and score of pulmonary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hunter
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Agulló-Ros
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma Rayner
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Mitermite M, Elizari JMU, Ma R, Farrell D, Gordon SV. Exploring virulence in Mycobacterium bovis: clues from comparative genomics and perspectives for the future. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:26. [PMID: 37770951 PMCID: PMC10540498 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we provide a summary of a plenary lecture delivered on Mycobacterium bovis, the bovine TB bacillus, at the M. bovis 2022 meeting held in Galway, Ireland, in June 2022. We focus on the analysis of genetic differences between M. bovis and the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a route to gain knowledge on what makes M. bovis function as an animal pathogen. We provide a brief historical background around M. bovis and comparative virulence experiments with M. tuberculosis, before moving to what we have learned from the studies of the M. bovis genome sequence. We discuss the need to translate knowledge on the molecular basis of virulence in M. bovis into improved control of bovine tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mitermite
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose Maria Urtasun Elizari
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruoyao Ma
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Damien Farrell
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Larenas-Muñoz F, Ruedas-Torres I, Hunter L, Bird A, Agulló-Ros I, Winsbury R, Clark S, Rayner E, Salguero FJ. Characterisation and development of histopathological lesions in a guinea pig model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1264200. [PMID: 37808110 PMCID: PMC10556493 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a very significant infectious disease worldwide. New vaccines and therapies are needed, even more crucially with the increase of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Preclinical animal models are very valuable for the development of these new disease control strategies. Guinea pigs are one of the best models of TB, sharing many features with the pathology observed in human TB. Here we describe the development of TB lesions in a guinea pig model of infection. We characterise the granulomatous lesions in four developmental stages (I-IV), using histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques to study macrophages, T cells, B cells and granulocytes. The granulomas in the guinea pigs start as aggregations of macrophages and few heterophils, evolving to larger lesions showing central caseous necrosis with mineralisation and abundant acid-fast bacilli, surrounded by a rim of macrophages and lymphocytes in the outer layers of the granuloma. Multinucleated giant cells are very rare and fibrotic capsules are not formed in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Hunter
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Bird
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Agulló-Ros
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus ‘CeiA3’, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rebecca Winsbury
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clark
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rayner
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Pathology Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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Ayalew S, Habtamu G, Melese F, Tessema B, Ashford RT, Chothe SK, Aseffa A, Wood JLN, Berg S, Mihret A. Zoonotic tuberculosis in a high bovine tuberculosis burden area of Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1204525. [PMID: 37771833 PMCID: PMC10525399 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1204525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of ill health and one of the leading causes of death worldwide, caused by species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), with Mycobacterium tuberculosis being the dominant pathogen in humans and Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Zoonotic transmission of TB (zTB) to humans is frequent particularly where TB prevalence is high in cattle. In this study, we explored the prevalence of zTB in central Ethiopia, an area highly affected by bovine TB (bTB) in cattle. Method A convenient sample of 385 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB, N = 287) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN, N = 98) were included in this cross-sectional study in central Ethiopia. Sputum and fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples were obtained from patients with PTB and TBLN, respectively, and cultures were performed using BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960. All culture positive samples were subjected to quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, targeting IS1081, RD9 and RD4 genomic regions for detection of MTBC, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, respectively. Results Two hundred and fifty-five out of 385 sampled patients were culture positive and all were isolates identified as MTBC by being positive for the IS1081 assay. Among them, 249 (97.6%) samples had also a positive RD9 result (intact RD9 locus) and were consequently classified as M. tuberculosis. The remaining six (2.4%) isolates were RD4 deficient and thereby classified as M. bovis. Five out of these six M. bovis strains originated from PTB patients whereas one was isolated from a TBLN patient. Occupational risk and the widespread consumption of raw animal products were identified as potential sources of M. bovis infection in humans, and the isolation of M. bovis from PTB patients suggests the possibility of human-to-human transmission, particularly in patients with no known contact history with animals. Conclusion The detected proportion of culture positive cases of 2.4% being M. bovis from this region was higher zTB rate than previously reported for the general population of Ethiopia. Patients with M. bovis infection are more likely to get less efficient TB treatment because M. bovis is inherently resistant to pyrazinamide. MTBC species identification should be performed where M. bovis is common in cattle, especially in patients who have a history of recurrence or treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosina Ayalew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Bamlak Tessema
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Roland T. Ashford
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - James L. N. Wood
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Corleis B, Bastian M, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Dorhoi A. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223260. [PMID: 37638020 PMCID: PMC10451089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Mackie S, Maghsoodi S, Alawamleh HSK, Sheybani N, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Rajabi F, Javanmard G, Khadem H, Barkema HW, De Donato M. In-depth systems biological evaluation of bovine alveolar macrophages suggests novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying Mycobacterium bovis infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1041314. [PMID: 36532492 PMCID: PMC9748370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease of domestic livestock caused by intracellular Mycobacterium bovis infection, which causes ~$3 billion in annual losses to global agriculture. Providing novel tools for bTB managements requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the M. bovis infection. Nevertheless, a combination of different bioinformatics and systems biology methods was used in this study in order to clearly understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bTB, especially the immunomodulatory mechanisms of M. bovis infection. METHODS RNA-seq data were retrieved and processed from 78 (39 non-infected control vs. 39 M. bovis-infected samples) bovine alveolar macrophages (bAMs). Next, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the co-expression modules in non-infected control bAMs as reference set. The WGCNA module preservation approach was then used to identify non-preserved modules between non-infected controls and M. bovis-infected samples (test set). Additionally, functional enrichment analysis was used to investigate the biological behavior of the non-preserved modules and to identify bTB-specific non-preserved modules. Co-expressed hub genes were identified based on module membership (MM) criteria of WGCNA in the non-preserved modules and then integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify co-expressed hub genes/transcription factors (TFs) with the highest maximal clique centrality (MCC) score (hub-central genes). RESULTS As result, WGCNA analysis led to the identification of 21 modules in the non-infected control bAMs (reference set), among which the topological properties of 14 modules were altered in the M. bovis-infected bAMs (test set). Interestingly, 7 of the 14 non-preserved modules were directly related to the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response, immunosuppressive mechanisms of M. bovis, and bTB development. Moreover, among the co-expressed hub genes and TFs of the bTB-specific non-preserved modules, 260 genes/TFs had double centrality in both co-expression and PPI networks and played a crucial role in bAMs-M. bovis interactions. Some of these hub-central genes/TFs, including PSMC4, SRC, BCL2L1, VPS11, MDM2, IRF1, CDKN1A, NLRP3, TLR2, MMP9, ZAP70, LCK, TNF, CCL4, MMP1, CTLA4, ITK, IL6, IL1A, IL1B, CCL20, CD3E, NFKB1, EDN1, STAT1, TIMP1, PTGS2, TNFAIP3, BIRC3, MAPK8, VEGFA, VPS18, ICAM1, TBK1, CTSS, IL10, ACAA1, VPS33B, and HIF1A, had potential targets for inducing immunomodulatory mechanisms by M. bovis to evade the host defense response. CONCLUSION The present study provides an in-depth insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind M. bovis infection through biological investigation of the candidate non-preserved modules directly related to bTB development. Furthermore, several hub-central genes/TFs were identified that were significant in determining the fate of M. bovis infection and could be promising targets for developing novel anti-bTB therapies and diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Shayan Mackie
- Faculty of Science, Earth Sciences Building, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sairan Maghsoodi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Heba Saed Kariem Alawamleh
- Department of Basic Scientific Sciences, AL-Balqa Applied University, AL-Huson University College, AL-Huson, Jordan
| | - Negin Sheybani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Khadem
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Regional Department of Bioengineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Ncube P, Bagheri B, Goosen WJ, Miller MA, Sampson SL. Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091845. [PMID: 36144447 PMCID: PMC9503773 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB.
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11
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Correia CN, McHugo GP, Browne JA, McLoughlin KE, Nalpas NC, Magee DA, Whelan AO, Villarreal-Ramos B, Vordermeier HM, Gormley E, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE. High-resolution transcriptomics of bovine purified protein derivative-stimulated peripheral blood from cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis across an experimental time course. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 136:102235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Palmer S, Williams GA, Brady C, Ryan E, Malczewska K, Bull TJ, Hogarth PJ, Sawyer J. Assessment of the frequency of Mycobacterium bovis shedding in the faeces of naturally and experimentally TB infected cattle. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1832-1842. [PMID: 35729710 PMCID: PMC9544641 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis bacilli in faecal samples of tuberculous cattle, and to better understand the risk of environmental dissemination of bovine tuberculosis (TB) through the spreading of manure or slurry. Methods and Results Faecal samples were collected from 72 naturally infected cattle with visible lesions of TB that had reacted to the tuberculin skin test and 12 cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis. These were examined by microbial culture and PCR to assess the presence of M. bovis bacilli. There were no positive cultures from any naturally infected test reactor animal. A single M. bovis colony was cultured from a faecal sample from one of the experimentally infected animals. A single PCR positive result was obtained from the faecal sample of one naturally infected test reactor. Conclusions The prevalence of M. bovis in the faecal samples of TB‐infected cattle was extremely low. Significance and Impact of the Study The results suggest that the risk of spreading TB through the use of slurry or manure as an agricultural fertilizer is lower than that suggested in some historical literature. The results could inform a reconsideration of current risk assessments and guidelines on the disposal of manure and slurry from TB‐infected herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Palmer
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Surrey
| | - Gareth A Williams
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Surrey
| | - Colm Brady
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Eoin Ryan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Tim J Bull
- St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London
| | - Philip J Hogarth
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Surrey
| | - Jason Sawyer
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Surrey
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13
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Borham M, Oreiby A, El-Gedawy A, Hegazy Y, Khalifa HO, Al-Gaabary M, Matsumoto T. Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070715. [PMID: 35889961 PMCID: PMC9320398 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease affecting a wide range of domesticated and wild animals, representing a worldwide economic and public health burden. The disease is caused by Mycobacteriumbovis and infrequently by other pathogenic mycobacteria. The problem of bovine tuberculosis is complicated when the infection is associated with multidrug and extensively drug resistant M. bovis. Many techniques are used for early diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, either being antemortem or postmortem, each with its diagnostic merits as well as limitations. Antemortem techniques depend either on cellular or on humoral immune responses, while postmortem diagnosis depends on adequate visual inspection, palpation, and subsequent diagnostic procedures such as bacterial isolation, characteristic histopathology, and PCR to reach the final diagnosis. Recently, sequencing and bioinformatics tools have gained increasing importance for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, including, but not limited to typing, detection of mutations, phylogenetic analysis, molecular epidemiology, and interactions occurring within the causative mycobacteria. Consequently, the current review includes consideration of bovine tuberculosis as a disease, conventional and recent diagnostic methods, and the emergence of MDR-Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Borham
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Matrouh Lab, Matrouh 51511, Egypt;
| | - Atef Oreiby
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Attia El-Gedawy
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Yamen Hegazy
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Magdy Al-Gaabary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.O.K.); (T.M.)
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14
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Mahmoud NH, Elsayed GH, Aboelnaga A, Fahim AM. Spectroscopic studies, DFT calculations, Cytotoxicity activity, docking stimulation of novel metal complexes of Schiff base ligand of isonicotinohydrazide derivative. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly H. Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain‐Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ghada H. Elsayed
- Department of Hormones, National Research Center (NRC) Giza Egypt
- Stem Cells lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center (NRC) Giza Egypt
| | - Asmaa Aboelnaga
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain‐Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Fahim
- Department of Green chemistry, National Research Center (NRC) Giza Egypt
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15
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Santamaria G, Ruiz-Rodriguez P, Renau-Mínguez C, Pinto FR, Coscollá M. In Silico Exploration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Metabolic Networks Shows Host-Associated Convergent Fluxomic Phenotypes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:376. [PMID: 35327567 PMCID: PMC8945471 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is composed of several lineages characterized by a genome identity higher than 99%. Although the majority of the lineages are associated with humans, at least four lineages are adapted to other mammals, including different M. tuberculosis ecotypes. Host specificity is associated with higher virulence in its preferred host in ecotypes such as M. bovis. Deciphering what determines the preference of the host can reveal host-specific virulence patterns. However, it is not clear which genomic determinants might be influencing host specificity. In this study, we apply a combination of unsupervised and supervised classification methods on genomic data of ~27,000 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates to decipher host-specific genomic determinants. Host-specific genomic signatures are scarce beyond known lineage-specific mutations. Therefore, we integrated lineage-specific mutations into the iEK1011 2.0 genome-scale metabolic model to obtain lineage-specific versions of it. Flux distributions sampled from the solution spaces of these models can be accurately separated according to host association. This separation correlated with differences in cell wall processes, lipid, amino acid and carbon metabolic subsystems. These differences were observable when more than 95% of the samples had a specific growth rate significantly lower than the maximum achievable by the models. This suggests that these differences might manifest at low growth rate settings, such as the restrictive conditions M. tuberculosis suffers during macrophage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Santamaria
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-FISABIO Joint Unit, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.S.); (P.R.-R.); (C.R.-M.)
- BioISI—Biosciences & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Ruiz-Rodriguez
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-FISABIO Joint Unit, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.S.); (P.R.-R.); (C.R.-M.)
| | - Chantal Renau-Mínguez
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-FISABIO Joint Unit, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.S.); (P.R.-R.); (C.R.-M.)
| | - Francisco R. Pinto
- BioISI—Biosciences & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mireia Coscollá
- ISysBio, University of Valencia-FISABIO Joint Unit, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.S.); (P.R.-R.); (C.R.-M.)
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16
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Bartens MC, Gibson AJ, Etherington GJ, Di Palma F, Holder A, Werling D, Willcocks S. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Bovine TLR2 Extracellular Domain Contribute to Breed and Species-Specific Innate Immune Functionality. Front Immunol 2022; 12:764390. [PMID: 35003078 PMCID: PMC8732954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that several cattle breeds may be more resistant to infection with the zoonotic pathogen Mycobacterium bovis. Our data presented here suggests that the response to mycobacterial antigens varies in macrophages generated from Brown Swiss (BS) and Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle, two breeds belonging to the Bos taurus family. Whole genome sequencing of the Brown Swiss genome identified several potential candidate genes, in particular Toll-like Receptor-2 (TLR2), a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that has previously been described to be involved in mycobacterial recognition. Further investigation revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TLR2 that were identified between DNA isolated from cells of BS and HF cows. Interestingly, one specific SNP, H326Q, showed a different genotype frequency in two cattle subspecies, Bos (B.) taurus and Bos indicus. Cloning of the TLR2 gene and subsequent gene-reporter and chemokine assays revealed that this SNP, present in BS and Bos indicus breeds, resulted in a significantly higher response to mycobacterial antigens as well as tri-acylated lipopeptide ligands in general. Comparing wild-type and H326Q containing TLR2 responses, wild-type bovine TLR2 response showed clear, diminished mycobacterial antigen responses compared to human TLR2, however bovine TLR2 responses containing H326Q were found to be partially recovered compared to human TLR2. The creation of human:bovine TLR2 chimeras increased the response to mycobacterial antigens compared to the full-length bovine TLR2, but significantly reduced the response compared to the full-length human TLR2. Thus, our data, not only present evidence that TLR2 is a major PRR in the mammalian species-specific response to mycobacterial antigens, but furthermore, that there are clear differences between the response seen in different cattle breeds, which may contribute to their enhanced or reduced susceptibility to mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Bartens
- Molecular Immunology Group, Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Gibson
- Molecular Immunology Group, Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Federica Di Palma
- Genome British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Holder
- Molecular Immunology Group, Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Molecular Immunology Group, Centre for Vaccinology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Willcocks
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Niroula N, Lim ZL, Walker S, Huang Y, Gerdts V, Zriba S, Drever K, Chen JM. Domestic pigs experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit different disease outcomes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 133:102167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Gao W, Cai Y, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y. Lipidomics revealed the global lipid responses of primary bovine alveolar macrophages to infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 104:108407. [PMID: 34924313 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis (MTB) and M. bovis (MB) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are the causative agents of the notorious infectious disease tuberculosis (TB) in a range of mammals, including bovine and human. The lipid composition of MTB/MB performed imperative function as invading host macrophage. However, the detailed variations in lipid compositions of MTB and MB were unknown, while the responses relevant to lipid metabolisms in MTB/MB-infected host were also unclear. In the present study, a dual-Lipidomics were used to elucidate the differences in lipid composition of MTB and MB and responses in lipid metabolisms of primary bovine alveolar macrophages infected by MTB/MB. The Lipidomics showed significant differences in lipid composition, especially differences in levels of Glycerophospholipids, Sterol Lipids, Fatty Acyls and Polyketides between these two mycobacterium species. Meanwhile, both MTB and MB could invoke various responses of lipid metabolisms in host macrophages. An infection of MTB mainly induced the increases of Polyketides and Glycerophospholipids in macrophages, whereas an MB infection induced the increases of Glycerophospholipids and Sterol. Furthermore, TAG 13:0-18:5-18:5 of MTB and PC (16:1(9E)/0:0), PI(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), 4, 6-Decadiyn-1-ol isovalerate and LacCer (d18:1/24:1(15Z)) of MB were identified to cause variations in lipid metabolisms of macrophages, respectively. From these data, we proposed that the differential compositions of lipid compositions in MTB and MB could successfully colonize in macrophage by different mechanisms. MTB could promote the formation of foam cells of macrophage for its colonization and development, while MB mainly suppresses the macrophage autophagy to escape the immune responses of host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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19
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Zwyer M, Çavusoglu C, Ghielmetti G, Pacciarini ML, Scaltriti E, Van Soolingen D, Dötsch A, Reinhard M, Gagneux S, Brites D. A new nomenclature for the livestock-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on phylogenomics. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:100. [PMID: 37645186 PMCID: PMC10445919 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14029.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: The bacteria that compose the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) cause tuberculosis (TB) in humans and in different animals, including livestock. Much progress has been made in understanding the population structure of the human-adapted members of the MTBC by combining phylogenetics with genomics. Accompanying the discovery of new genetic diversity, a body of operational nomenclature has evolved to assist comparative and molecular epidemiological studies of human TB. By contrast, for the livestock-associated MTBC members, Mycobacterium bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis, there has been a lack of comprehensive nomenclature to accommodate new genetic diversity uncovered by emerging phylogenomic studies. We propose to fill this gap by putting forward a new nomenclature covering the main phylogenetic groups within M. bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis. Methods: We gathered a total of 8,736 whole-genome sequences (WGS) from public sources and 39 newly sequenced strains, and selected a subset of 829 WGS, representative of the worldwide diversity of M. bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis. We used phylogenetics and genetic diversity patterns inferred from WGS to define groups. Results: We propose to divide M. bovis, M. caprae and M. orygis in three main phylogenetic lineages, which we named La1, La2 and La3, respectively. Within La1, we identified several monophyletic groups, which we propose to classify into eight sublineages (La1.1-La1.8). These sublineages differed in geographic distribution, with some being geographically restricted and others globally widespread, suggesting different expansion abilities. To ease molecular characterization of these MTBC groups by the community, we provide phylogenetically informed, single nucleotide polymorphisms that can be used as barcodes for genotyping. These markers were implemented in KvarQ and TB-Profiler, which are platform-independent, open-source tools. Conclusions: Our results contribute to an improved classification of the genetic diversity within the livestock-associated MTBC, which will benefit future molecular epidemiological and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Zwyer
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cengiz Çavusoglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Giovanni Ghielmetti
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Lodovica Pacciarini
- National Reference Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Dick Van Soolingen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands Antilles
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Dötsch
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Reinhard
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Brites
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Genome-wide association study of trypanosome prevalence and morphometric traits in purebred and crossbred Baoulé cattle of Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255089. [PMID: 34351956 PMCID: PMC8341487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, single-SNP GWAS analyses were conducted to find regions affecting tolerance against trypanosomosis and morphometrics traits in purebred and crossbred Baoulé cattle of Burkina Faso. The trypanosomosis status (positive and negative) and a wide set of morphological traits were recorded for purebred Baoulé and crossbred Zebu x Baoulé cattle, and genotyped with the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip. After quality control, 36,203 SNPs and 619 animals including 343 purebred Baoulé and 279 crossbreds were used for the GWAS analyses. Several important genes were found that can influence morphological parameters. Although there were no genes identified with a reported strong connection to size traits, many of them were previously identified in various growth-related studies. A re-occurring theme for the genes residing in the regions identified by the most significant SNPs was pleiotropic effect on growth of the body and the cardiovascular system. Regarding trypanosomosis tolerance, two potentially important regions were identified in purebred Baoulé on chromosomes 16 and 24, containing the CFH, CRBN, TRNT1 and, IL5RA genes, and one additional genomic region in Baoulé, x Zebu crossbreds on chromosome 5, containing MGAT4C and NTS. Almost all of these regions and genes were previously related to the trait of interest, while the CRBN gene was to our knowledge presented in the context of trypanosomiasis tolerance for the first time.
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21
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Remot A, Carreras F, Coupé A, Doz-Deblauwe É, Boschiroli ML, Browne JA, Marquant Q, Descamps D, Archer F, Aseffa A, Germon P, Gordon SV, Winter N. Mycobacterial Infection of Precision-Cut Lung Slices Reveals Type 1 Interferon Pathway Is Locally Induced by Mycobacterium bovis but Not M. tuberculosis in a Cattle Breed. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:696525. [PMID: 34307535 PMCID: PMC8299756 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.696525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis exacts a terrible toll on human and animal health. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is restricted to humans, Mycobacterium bovis (Mb) is present in a large range of mammalian hosts. In cattle, bovine TB (bTB) is a noticeable disease responsible for important economic losses in developed countries and underestimated zoonosis in the developing world. Early interactions that take place between mycobacteria and the lung tissue early after aerosol infection govern the outcome of the disease. In cattle, these early steps remain poorly characterized. The precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) model preserves the structure and cell diversity of the lung. We developed this model in cattle in order to study the early lung response to mycobacterial infection. In situ imaging of PCLS infected with fluorescent Mb revealed bacilli in the alveolar compartment, in adjacent or inside alveolar macrophages, and in close contact with pneumocytes. We analyzed the global transcriptional lung inflammation signature following infection of PCLS with Mb and Mtb in two French beef breeds: Blonde d'Aquitaine and Charolaise. Whereas, lungs from the Blonde d'Aquitaine produced high levels of mediators of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment in response to infection, such signatures were not observed in the Charolaise in our study. In the Blonde d'Aquitaine lung, whereas the inflammatory response was highly induced by two Mb strains, AF2122 isolated from cattle in the UK and Mb3601 circulating in France, the response against two Mtb strains, H37Rv, the reference laboratory strain, and BTB1558, isolated from zebu in Ethiopia, was very low. Strikingly, the type I interferon pathway was only induced by Mb but not Mtb strains, indicating that this pathway may be involved in mycobacterial virulence and host tropism. Hence, the PCLS model in cattle is a valuable tool to deepen our understanding of early interactions between lung host cells and mycobacteria. It revealed striking differences between cattle breeds and mycobacterial strains. This model could help in deciphering biomarkers of resistance vs. susceptibility to bTB in cattle as such information is still critically needed for bovine genetic selection programs and would greatly help the global effort to eradicate bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Remot
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Maria L Boschiroli
- Paris-Est University, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - John A Browne
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Fabienne Archer
- INRAE, UMR754, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, IVPC, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Neutrophils in Tuberculosis: Cell Biology, Cellular Networking and Multitasking in Host Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094801. [PMID: 33946542 PMCID: PMC8125784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils readily infiltrate infection foci, phagocytose and usually destroy microbes. In tuberculosis (TB), a chronic pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), neutrophils harbor bacilli, are abundant in tissue lesions, and their abundances in blood correlate with poor disease outcomes in patients. The biology of these innate immune cells in TB is complex. Neutrophils have been assigned host-beneficial as well as deleterious roles. The short lifespan of neutrophils purified from blood poses challenges to cell biology studies, leaving intracellular biological processes and the precise consequences of Mtb–neutrophil interactions ill-defined. The phenotypic heterogeneity of neutrophils, and their propensity to engage in cellular cross-talk and to exert various functions during homeostasis and disease, have recently been reported, and such observations are newly emerging in TB. Here, we review the interactions of neutrophils with Mtb, including subcellular events and cell fate upon infection, and summarize the cross-talks between neutrophils and lung-residing and -recruited cells. We highlight the roles of neutrophils in TB pathophysiology, discussing recent findings from distinct models of pulmonary TB, and emphasize technical advances that could facilitate the discovery of novel neutrophil-related disease mechanisms and enrich our knowledge of TB pathogenesis.
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Hénaux V, Ponsart C, Corre J, Etore F, Boulouis HJ, Morvan H, Grisot L, Peroz C. Sensitivity of bovine tuberculosis surveillance through intradermal tests in cattle in France: An evaluation of different scenarios. Prev Vet Med 2021; 191:105364. [PMID: 33964617 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current situation regarding bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Europe is spatially heterogeneous, with stagnating or increasing trends in bTB prevalence in many European regions, underlying the challenge in controlling this disease. In France, in spite of the implementation of two control programs in 2010-2012 to eradicate the disease and maintain the bTB-free status, bTB prevalence has continued to increase, underlying the need to reinforce and adapt surveillance measures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bTB surveillance in high-risk areas in metropolitan France, with an emphasis on the criteria to select herds and animals within herds in the context of programmed surveillance and movement testing. The fraction of bTB-infected herds detected by the surveillance was quantified using a stochastic scenario tree modelling approach, with input parameter values based on surveillance and cattle traceability data and literature. The detection fraction was assessed for the current surveillance system and for alternative scenarios. The model predicted that the median detection fraction of infected herds by the current programmed surveillance in high-risk areas, which consists in annual testing of herds with a minimum age of testing of 24 months, was 71.5 % (interquartile interval: 47.4-89.4). The results showed a significant gain of the detection fraction with a decrease from 24 to 12 months old (83.5 % [60.6-95.9]) or to six weeks old (91.3 % [71.6-99.0]). Regarding pre-movement surveillance, tests are currently mandatory for bovines that originate from a previously infected herd or from a herd epidemiologically linked to a bTB-infected herd. The median detection fraction predicted by the model for this surveillance scenario was 1.2 % [0.7-1.8]. For the alternative scenario, where surveillance would be extended to all herds in high-risk areas, the model predicted a significant increase of the detection fraction to 26.5 % [18.1-37.9]. The results were sensitive to the following input values: the number of infected bovines within herds and, to a lower extent, the comparative intradermal tuberculin test sensitivity for both models, and surveillance coverage for the model on pre-movement surveillance. Our study underlines several complementary ways to improve the detection of infected herds, which is critical for implementing control measures and epidemiological investigations as early as possible. These necessary changes in surveillance must be accompanied by a global reflexion on surveillance financing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Hénaux
- Université de Lyon - ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Epidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance, 31 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Claire Ponsart
- Université de Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de santé animale, Unité Zoonoses bactériennes, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Justine Corre
- ANSES, Direction de l'évaluation des risques, Unité d'Evaluation des Risques liés à la Santé, à l'Alimentation et au Bien-Etre des animaux, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Florence Etore
- ANSES, Direction de l'évaluation des risques, Unité d'Evaluation des Risques liés à la Santé, à l'Alimentation et au Bien-Etre des animaux, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Henri-Jean Boulouis
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Hervé Morvan
- LABOCEA, 7 rue du Sabot, CS30054, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Lionel Grisot
- Groupement Technique Vétérinaire de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté & Groupe de travail Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments de la Société Nationale des GTV, Clinique Vétérinaire des Tourbières, 1 rue de Beaucaire, 25560, Frasne, France.
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24
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Queval CJ, Fearns A, Botella L, Smyth A, Schnettger L, Mitermite M, Wooff E, Villarreal-Ramos B, Garcia-Jimenez W, Heunis T, Trost M, Werling D, Salguero FJ, Gordon SV, Gutierrez MG. Macrophage-specific responses to human- and animal-adapted tubercle bacilli reveal pathogen and host factors driving multinucleated cell formation. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009410. [PMID: 33720986 PMCID: PMC7993774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of related pathogens that cause tuberculosis (TB) in mammals. MTBC species are distinguished by their ability to sustain in distinct host populations. While Mycobacterium bovis (Mbv) sustains transmission cycles in cattle and wild animals and causes zoonotic TB, M. tuberculosis (Mtb) affects human populations and seldom causes disease in cattle. The host and pathogen determinants underlying host tropism between MTBC species are still unknown. Macrophages are the main host cell that encounters mycobacteria upon initial infection, and we hypothesised that early interactions between the macrophage and mycobacteria influence species-specific disease outcome. To identify factors that contribute to host tropism, we analysed blood-derived primary human and bovine macrophages (hMϕ or bMϕ, respectively) infected with Mbv and Mtb. We show that Mbv and Mtb reside in different cellular compartments and differentially replicate in hMϕ whereas both Mbv and Mtb efficiently replicate in bMϕ. Specifically, we show that out of the four infection combinations, only the infection of bMϕ with Mbv promoted the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), a hallmark of tuberculous granulomas. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that both MPB70 from Mbv and extracellular vesicles released by Mbv-infected bMϕ promote macrophage multinucleation. Importantly, we extended our in vitro studies to show that granulomas from Mbv-infected but not Mtb-infected cattle contained higher numbers of MNGCs. Our findings implicate MNGC formation in the contrasting pathology between Mtb and Mbv for the bovine host and identify MPB70 from Mbv and extracellular vesicles from bMϕ as mediators of this process. The identification of host and pathogen factors contributing to host-pathogen interaction is crucial to understand the pathogenesis and dissemination of tuberculosis. This is particularly the case in deciphering the mechanistic basis for host-tropism across the MTBC. Here, we show that in vitro, M. bovis but not M. tuberculosis induces multinucleated cell formation in bovine macrophages. We identified host and pathogen mechanistic drivers of multinucleated cell formation: MPB70 as the M. bovis factor and bovine macrophage extracellular vesicles. Using a cattle experimental infection model, we confirmed differential multinucleated cell formation in vivo. Thus, we have identified host and pathogen factors that contribute to host tropism in human/bovine tuberculosis. Additionally, this work provides an explanation for the long-standing association of multinucleated cells with tuberculosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alicia Smyth
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Morgane Mitermite
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Esen Wooff
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Waldo Garcia-Jimenez
- Department of Pathology an Infectious Diseases. School of Veterinary Medicine. University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiaan Heunis
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Trost
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Department of Pathology an Infectious Diseases. School of Veterinary Medicine. University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen V. Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Borham M, Oreiby A, El-Gedawy A, Hegazy Y, Hemedan A, Al-Gaabary M. Abattoir survey of bovine tuberculosis in tanta, centre of the Nile delta, with in silico analysis of gene mutations and protein-protein interactions of the involved mycobacteria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:434-450. [PMID: 33484233 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a transboundary disease of high economic and public health burden worldwide. In this study, post-mortem examination of 750 cattle and buffalo in Tanta abattoir, Centre of the Nile Delta, revealed visible TB in 4% of animals and a true prevalence of 6.85% (95% CI: 5.3%-8.9%). Mycobacterial culture, histopathology and RT-PCR targeting all members of M. tuberculosis complex were performed, upon which 85%, 80% and 100% of each tested lesions were confirmed as TB, respectively. Mpb70-targeting PCR was conducted on ten RT-PCR positive samples for sequencing and identified nine Mycobacterium (M.) bovis strains and, interestingly, one M. tuberculosis (Mtb) strain from a buffalo. Bioinformatics tools were used for prediction of mutations, nucleotide polymorphisms, lineages, drug resistance and protein-protein interactions (PPI) of the sequenced strains. The Mtb strain was resistant to rifampicin, isoniazid and streptomycin, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of multidrug resistant (MDR)-Mtb originating from buffaloes. Seven M. bovis strains were resistant to ethambutol and ethionamide. Such resistances were associated with KatG, rpoB, rpsL, embB and ethA genes mutations. Other mutations and nucleotide polymorphisms were also predicted, some are reported for the first time and require experimental work for validation. PPI revealed more interactions than what would be expected for a random set of proteins of similar size and had dense interactions between nodes that are biologically connected, as a group. Two M. bovis strains belonged to BOV AFRI lineage (Spoligotypes BOV 1; BOV 2) and eight strains belonged to East-Asian (Beijing) lineage. In conclusion, visible TB was prevalent in the study area, RT-PCR is the best to confirm the disease, MDR-Mtb is associated with buffalo TB, and mycobacteria of different lineages carry many resistance genes to chemotherapeutic agents used in treatment of human TB constituting a major public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Borham
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Matrouh Lab, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Atef Oreiby
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Attia El-Gedawy
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yamen Hegazy
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hemedan
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine, Luxembourg University, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Magdy Al-Gaabary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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26
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Santos-Pereira A, Magalhães C, Araújo PMM, Osório NS. Evolutionary Genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1: "The Tortoise and the Hare". Microorganisms 2021; 9:147. [PMID: 33440808 PMCID: PMC7827287 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The already enormous burden caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) alone is aggravated by co-infection. Despite obvious differences in the rate of evolution comparing these two human pathogens, genetic diversity plays an important role in the success of both. The extreme evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 is in the basis of a robust capacity to evade immune responses, to generate drug-resistance and to diversify the population-level reservoir of M group viral subtypes. Compared to HIV-1 and other retroviruses, M. tuberculosis generates minute levels of genetic diversity within the host. However, emerging whole-genome sequencing data show that the M. tuberculosis complex contains at least nine human-adapted phylogenetic lineages. This level of genetic diversity results in differences in M. tuberculosis interactions with the host immune system, virulence and drug resistance propensity. In co-infected individuals, HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis are likely to co-colonize host cells. However, the evolutionary impact of the interaction between the host, the slowly evolving M. tuberculosis bacteria and the HIV-1 viral "mutant cloud" is poorly understood. These evolutionary dynamics, at the cellular niche of monocytes/macrophages, are also discussed and proposed as a relevant future research topic in the context of single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.S.-P.); (C.M.); (P.M.M.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s-T Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carlos Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.S.-P.); (C.M.); (P.M.M.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s-T Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. M. Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.S.-P.); (C.M.); (P.M.M.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s-T Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno S. Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.S.-P.); (C.M.); (P.M.M.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s-T Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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27
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Independent genomic polymorphisms in the PknH serine threonine kinase locus during evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex affect virulence and host preference. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009061. [PMID: 33347499 PMCID: PMC7785237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Species belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) show more than 99% genetic identity but exhibit distinct host preference and virulence. The molecular genetic changes that underly host specificity and infection phenotype within MTBC members have not been fully elucidated. Here, we analysed RD900 genomic region across MTBC members using whole genome sequences from 60 different MTBC strains so as to determine its role in the context of MTBC evolutionary history. The RD900 region comprises two homologous genes, pknH1 and pknH2, encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase PknH flanking the tbd2 gene. Our analysis revealed that RD900 has been independently lost in different MTBC lineages and different strains, resulting in the generation of a single pknH gene. Importantly, all the analysed M. bovis and M. caprae strains carry a conserved deletion within a proline rich-region of pknH, independent of the presence or absence of RD900. We hypothesized that deletion of pknH proline rich-region in M. bovis may affect PknH function, having a potential role in its virulence and evolutionary adaptation. To explore this hypothesis, we constructed two M. bovis ‘knock-in’ strains containing the M. tuberculosis pknH gene. Evaluation of their virulence phenotype in mice revealed a reduced virulence of both M. bovis knock-in strains compared to the wild type, suggesting that PknH plays an important role in the differential virulence phenotype of M. bovis vs M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is caused in humans and animals by organisms from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), that share more than 99% genetic identity but exhibit distinct host preference and virulence. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of human TB, Mycobacterium bovis is responsible for bovine TB disease, that exacts a tremendous economic burden worldwide, as well as being a zoonotic threat. Unlike the human restriction of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis has a broader host range and it has been found to be more virulent than M. tuberculosis in different animal models. However, the molecular basis for host preference and virulence divergence between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis is not fully elucidated. Here we study the genetic variations of the genomic region RD900 in the context of MTBC phylogeny. RD900 contains two genes encoding orthologues of the serine/threonine kinase PknH, which is linked to the regulation of several bacterial processes including virulence. We found that M. bovis pknH genes show a conserved deletion that is not present in M. tuberculosis strains, and we evaluated the potential impact of these variations in the regulation of M. bovis vs M. tuberculosis virulence through the construction and in vivo characterization of M. bovis pknH mutant strains.
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28
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Wiarda JE, Boggiatto PM, Bayles DO, Waters WR, Thacker TC, Palmer MV. Severity of bovine tuberculosis is associated with innate immune-biased transcriptional signatures of whole blood in early weeks after experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239938. [PMID: 33166313 PMCID: PMC7652326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, is a pathogen that impacts both animal and human health. Consequently, there is a need to improve understanding of disease dynamics, identification of infected animals, and characterization of the basis of immune protection. This study assessed the transcriptional changes occurring in cattle during the early weeks following a M. bovis infection. RNA-seq analysis of whole blood-cell transcriptomes revealed two distinct transcriptional clusters of infected cattle at both 4- and 10-weeks post-infection that correlated with disease severity. Cattle exhibiting more severe disease were transcriptionally divergent from uninfected animals. At 4-weeks post-infection, 25 genes had commonly increased expression in infected cattle compared to uninfected cattle regardless of disease severity. Ten weeks post-infection, differential gene expression was only observed when severely-affected cattle were compared to uninfected cattle. This indicates a transcriptional divergence based on clinical status following infection. In cattle with more severe disease, biological processes and cell type enrichment analyses revealed overrepresentation of innate immune-related processes and cell types in infected animals. Collectively, our findings demonstrate two distinct transcriptional profiles occur in cattle following M. bovis infection, which correlate to clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne E. Wiarda
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Paola M. Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Darrell O. Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - W. Ray Waters
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Tyler C. Thacker
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Mitchell V. Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States of America
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29
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Ramos L, Lunney JK, Gonzalez-Juarrero M. Neonatal and infant immunity for tuberculosis vaccine development: importance of age-matched animal models. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045740. [PMID: 32988990 PMCID: PMC7520460 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal and infant immunity differs from that of adults in both the innate and adaptive arms, which are critical contributors to immune-mediated clearance of infection and memory responses elicited during vaccination. The tuberculosis (TB) research community has openly admitted to a vacuum of knowledge about neonatal and infant immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, especially in the functional and phenotypic attributes of memory T cell responses elicited by the only available vaccine for TB, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Although BCG vaccination has variable efficacy in preventing pulmonary TB during adolescence and adulthood, 80% of endemic TB countries still administer BCG at birth because it has a good safety profile and protects children from severe forms of TB. As such, new vaccines must work in conjunction with BCG at birth and, thus, it is essential to understand how BCG shapes the immune system during the first months of life. However, many aspects of the neonatal and infant immune response elicited by vaccination with BCG remain unknown, as only a handful of studies have followed BCG responses in infants. Furthermore, most animal models currently used to study TB vaccine candidates rely on adult-aged animals. This presents unique challenges when transitioning to human trials in neonates or infants. In this Review, we focus on vaccine development in the field of TB and compare the relative utility of animal models used thus far to study neonatal and infant immunity. We encourage the development of neonatal animal models for TB, especially the use of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laylaa Ramos
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Microbiology Immunology and Pathology Department, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA Building 1040, Room 103, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Microbiology Immunology and Pathology Department, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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30
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Sabio Y García J, Bigi MM, Klepp LI, García EA, Blanco FC, Bigi F. Does Mycobacterium bovis persist in cattle in a non-replicative latent state as Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human beings? Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108758. [PMID: 32768211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are responsible for tuberculosis in several mammals. In this complex, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, which are closely related, show host preference for humans and cattle, respectively. Although human and bovine tuberculosis are clinically similar, M. tuberculosis mostly causes latent infection in humans, whereas M. bovis frequently leads to an acute infection in cattle. This review attempts to connect the pathology in experimental animal models as well as the cellular responses to M. bovis and M. tuberculosis regarding the differences in protein expression and regulatory mechanisms of both pathogens that could explain their apparent divergent latency behaviour. The occurrence of latent bovine tuberculosis (bTB) would represent a serious complication for the eradication of the disease in cattle, with the risk of onward transmission to humans. Thus, understanding the physiological events that may lead to the state of latency in bTB could assist in the development of appropriate prevention and control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sabio Y García
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - María M Bigi
- (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía), University of Buenos Aires, School of Agronomy Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires Argentina.
| | - Laura I Klepp
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Elizabeth A García
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Federico C Blanco
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- (Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Institute of Biotechnology-IABIMO, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
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31
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Early dynamics of innate immunity during pulmonary tuberculosis. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:56-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Ozturk-Gurgen H, Rieseberg B, Leipig-Rudolph M, Straubinger RK, Hermanns W. Morphology of Naturally-Occurring Tuberculosis in Cattle Caused by Mycobacterium caprae. J Comp Pathol 2020; 174:120-139. [PMID: 31955797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the pathomorphological alterations of bovine tuberculosis through gross and histopathological examinations, assessment of the distribution of lesions and the demonstration of mycobacteria. Samples from lungs, liver, small intestine, their regional lymph nodes and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were collected from 84 cattle with tuberculosis from the Allgäu, Germany. Organs were evaluated grossly, histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy. Mycobacteria and mycobacterial antigens were demonstrated using acid-fast staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bacteriological tests revealed Mycobacterium caprae in all animals. Gross alterations were classified into five patterns (I to V) with an additional pattern of acute exudative pulmonary inflammation (pattern VI). Histological lesions were classified into four types (1-4) with additional lesions occurring in lungs only. Acid-fast staining revealed a low number of bacteria in all tissues, while IHC showed comparatively more mycobacterial antigens within the lesions and also at their periphery. The alimentary tract (68%) was the main portal of entry followed by an aerosol infection (19%). It was assumed that the observed lesions reflect a continuous primary period of infection; there were no lesions typical of a secondary (post-primary) period, as reported in man and also described in the older literature on bovine tuberculosis. The broad spectrum of changes described formerly was not observed in the present cases and the route of infection and nature of acid fast staining showed differences when compared with previous studies of naturally-occurring bovine tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozturk-Gurgen
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany.
| | - B Rieseberg
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
| | - M Leipig-Rudolph
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
| | - R K Straubinger
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - W Hermanns
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Germany
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Palaniyandi K, Kumar N, Veerasamy M, Kabir Refaya A, Dolla C, Balaji S, Baskaran D, Thiruvengadam K, Rajendran A, Narayanan S, Raj D, Swaminathan S, Peacock SJ. Isolation and comparative genomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from cattle and their attendants in South India. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17892. [PMID: 31784670 PMCID: PMC6884536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rarely reported to cause disease in other animals. Cases in livestock are thought to occur through contact with infected handlers, but previous studies evaluating putative livestock-human transmission used typing techniques with limited resolution. Here, we undertook cross-sectional surveillance for tuberculosis in 271 livestock handlers and 167 cattle on three farms in Chennai, India and defined the relatedness of cultured isolates using whole genome sequencing. Humans and livestock were screened for active mycobacterial infection, and opportunistic post-mortem examination was performed on comparative intradermal test-positive cattle that died. Four cattle and 6 handlers on two farms were culture-positive for M. tuberculosis; M. bovis was not isolated. All 10 isolates (one from each case) belonged to Lineage 1. Pairwise genome comparisons of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences ranged from 1 to 600 SNPs, but 3 isolate pairs were less than 5 SNPs different. Two pairs were from handlers and the third pair were from two cattle on the same farm. The minimum pairwise SNP difference between a cattle and human isolate was >250 SNPs. Our study confirms the presence of M. tuberculosis infection in cattle in India, sequencing of which characterised relatedness between human and cattle-derived isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narender Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maroudam Veerasamy
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals (TRPVB), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ananthi Rajendran
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Sujatha Narayanan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Dhinakar Raj
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals (TRPVB), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sharon J Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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Madacki J, Mas Fiol G, Brosch R. Update on the virulence factors of the obligate pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 72:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Lee D, Chambers M. A bilayer tissue culture model of the bovine alveolus. F1000Res 2019; 8:357. [PMID: 31448101 PMCID: PMC6685456 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18696.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the lung is often the first point of interaction between the host and inhaled pathogens, allergens and medications. Epithelial cells are therefore the main focus of studies which aim to shed light on host-pathogen interactions, to dissect the mechanisms of local host immunity and study toxicology. If these studies are not to be conducted exclusively in vivo, it is imperative that in vitro models are developed with a high in vitro- in vivo correlation. We describe here a co-culture bilayer model of the bovine alveolus, designed to overcome some of the limitations encountered with mono-culture and live animal models. Our system includes bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAECs) seeded onto a permeable membrane in 24 well Transwell format. The BPAECs are overlaid with immortalised bovine alveolar type II epithelial cells and the bilayer cultured at air-liquid interface for 14 days before use; in our case to study host-mycobacterial interactions. Characterisation of novel cell lines and the bilayer model have provided compelling evidence that immortalised bovine alveolar type II cells are an authentic substitute for primary alveolar type II cells and their culture as a bilayer in conjunction with BPAECs provides a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the bovine alveolus. The bilayer model may be used to study dynamic intracellular and extracellular host-pathogen interactions, using proteomics, genomics, live cell imaging, in-cell ELISA and confocal microscopy. The model presented in this article enables other researchers to establish an in vitro model of the bovine alveolus that is easy to set up, malleable and serves as a comparable alternative to in vivo models, whilst allowing study of early host-pathogen interactions, currently not feasible in vivo. The model therefore achieves one of the 3Rs objectives in that it replaces the use of animals in research of bovine respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Mark Chambers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
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36
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Abstract
The epithelial lining of the lung is often the first point of interaction between the host and inhaled pathogens, allergens and medications. Epithelial cells are therefore the main focus of studies which aim to shed light on host-pathogen interactions, to dissect the mechanisms of local host immunity and study toxicology. If these studies are not to be conducted exclusively in vivo, it is imperative that in vitro models are developed with a high in vitro- in vivo correlation. We describe here a co-culture model of the bovine alveolus, designed to overcome some of the limitations encountered with mono-culture and live animal models. Our system includes bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAECs) seeded onto a permeable membrane in 24 well Transwell format. The BPAECs are overlaid with immortalised bovine alveolar type II epithelial cells and cultured at air-liquid interface for 14 days before use; in our case to study host-mycobacterial interactions. Characterisation of novel cell lines and the co-culture model have provided compelling evidence that immortalised bovine alveolar type II cells are an authentic substitute for primary alveolar type II cells and their co-culture with BPAECs provides a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the bovine alveolus. The co-culture model may be used to study dynamic intracellular and extracellular host-pathogen interactions, using proteomics, genomics, live cell imaging, in-cell ELISA and confocal microscopy. The model presented in this article enables other researchers to establish an in vitro model of the bovine alveolus that is easy to set up, malleable and serves as a comparable alternative to in vivo models, whilst allowing study of early host-pathogen interactions, currently not feasible in vivo. The model therefore achieves one of the 3Rs objectives in that it replaces the use of animals in research of bovine respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Mark Chambers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
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Otchere ID, van Tonder AJ, Asante-Poku A, Sánchez-Busó L, Coscollá M, Osei-Wusu S, Asare P, Aboagye SY, Ekuban SA, Yahayah AI, Forson A, Baddoo A, Laryea C, Parkhill J, Harris SR, Gagneux S, Yeboah-Manu D. Molecular epidemiology and whole genome sequencing analysis of clinical Mycobacterium bovis from Ghana. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209395. [PMID: 30830912 PMCID: PMC6398925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a re-emerging problem in both livestock and humans. The association of some M. bovis strains with hyper-virulence, MDR-TB and disseminated disease makes it imperative to understand the biology of the pathogen. Methods Mycobacterium bovis (15) among 1755 M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolated between 2012 and 2014 were characterized and analyzed for associated patient demography and other risk factors. Five of the M. bovis isolates were whole-genome sequenced and comparatively analyzed against a global collection of published M. bovis genomes. Results Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 3/560(0.5%) females and 12/1195(1.0%) males with pulmonary TB. The average age of M. bovis infected cases was 46.8 years (7-72years). TB patients from the Northern region of Ghana (1.9%;4/212) had a higher rate of infection with M. bovis (OR = 2.7,p = 0.0968) compared to those from the Greater Accra region (0.7%;11/1543). Among TB patients with available HIV status, the odds of isolating M. bovis from HIV patients (2/119) was 3.3 higher relative to non-HIV patients (4/774). Direct contact with livestock or their unpasteurized products was significantly associated with bTB (p<0.0001, OR = 124.4,95% CI = 30.1–508.3). Two (13.3%) of the M. bovis isolates were INH resistant due to the S315T mutation in katG whereas one (6.7%) was RIF resistant with Q432P and I1491S mutations in rpoB. M. bovis from Ghana resolved as mono-phyletic branch among mostly M. bovis from Africa irrespective of the host and were closest to the root of the global M. bovis phylogeny. M. bovis-specific amino acid mutations were detected among MTBC core genes such as mce1A, mmpL1, pks6, phoT, pstB, glgP and Rv2955c. Additional mutations P6T in chaA, G187E in mgtC, T35A in Rv1979c, S387A in narK1, L400F in fas and A563T in eccA1 were restricted to the 5 clinical M. bovis from Ghana. Conclusion Our data indicate potential zoonotic transmission of bTB in Ghana and hence calls for intensified public education on bTB, especially among risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Darko Otchere
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Adwoa Asante-Poku
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Mireia Coscollá
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephen Osei-Wusu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prince Asare
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Yaw Aboagye
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Audrey Forson
- Department of Chest Diseases, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akosua Baddoo
- Department of Chest Diseases, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Clement Laryea
- Public Health Department, 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Harris
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
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Brites D, Loiseau C, Menardo F, Borrell S, Boniotti MB, Warren R, Dippenaar A, Parsons SDC, Beisel C, Behr MA, Fyfe JA, Coscolla M, Gagneux S. A New Phylogenetic Framework for the Animal-Adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2820. [PMID: 30538680 PMCID: PMC6277475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) affects humans and other animals and is caused by bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Previous studies have shown that there are at least nine members of the MTBC infecting animals other than humans; these have also been referred to as ecotypes. However, the ecology and the evolution of these animal-adapted MTBC ecotypes are poorly understood. Here we screened 12,886 publicly available MTBC genomes and newly sequenced 17 animal-adapted MTBC strains, gathering a total of 529 genomes of animal-adapted MTBC strains. Phylogenomic and comparative analyses confirm that the animal-adapted MTBC members are paraphyletic with some members more closely related to the human-adapted Mycobacterium africanum Lineage 6 than to other animal-adapted strains. Furthermore, we identified four main animal-adapted MTBC clades that might correspond to four main host shifts; two of these clades are hypothesized to reflect independent cattle domestication events. Contrary to what would be expected from an obligate pathogen, MTBC nucleotide diversity was not positively correlated with host phylogenetic distances, suggesting that host tropism in the animal-adapted MTBC seems to be driven by contact rates and demographic aspects of the host population rather by than host relatedness. By combining phylogenomics with ecological data, we propose an evolutionary scenario in which the ancestor of Lineage 6 and all animal-adapted MTBC ecotypes was a generalist pathogen that subsequently adapted to different host species. This study provides a new phylogenetic framework to better understand the evolution of the different ecotypes of the MTBC and guide future work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brites
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Loiseau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Menardo
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna: Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robin Warren
- SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anzaan Dippenaar
- SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sven David Charles Parsons
- SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel A Behr
- McGill International TB Centre, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Janet A Fyfe
- Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Malone KM, Rue-Albrecht K, Magee DA, Conlon K, Schubert OT, Nalpas NC, Browne JA, Smyth A, Gormley E, Aebersold R, MacHugh DE, Gordon SV. Comparative 'omics analyses differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis and reveal distinct macrophage responses to infection with the human and bovine tubercle bacilli. Microb Genom 2018; 4:e000163. [PMID: 29557774 PMCID: PMC5885015 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are the causative agents of tuberculosis in a range of mammals, including humans. A key feature of MTBC pathogens is their high degree of genetic identity yet distinct host tropism. Notably, while Mycobacterium bovis is highly virulent and pathogenic for cattle, the human pathogen M. tuberculosis is attenuated in cattle. Previous research also suggests that host preference amongst MTBC members has a basis in host innate immune responses. To explore MTBC host tropism, we present in-depth profiling of the MTBC reference strains M. bovis AF2122/97 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv at both the global transcriptional and the translational level via RNA-sequencing and SWATH MS. Furthermore, a bovine alveolar macrophage infection time course model was used to investigate the shared and divergent host transcriptomic response to infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv or M. bovis AF2122/97. Significant differential expression of virulence-associated pathways between the two bacilli was revealed, including the ESX-1 secretion system. A divergent transcriptional response was observed between M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis AF2122/97 infection of bovine alveolar macrophages, in particular cytosolic DNA-sensing pathways at 48 h post-infection, and highlights a distinct engagement of M. bovis with the bovine innate immune system. The work presented here therefore provides a basis for the identification of host innate immune mechanisms subverted by virulent host-adapted mycobacteria to promote their survival during the early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri M. Malone
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Present address: European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kévin Rue-Albrecht
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Present address: Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - David A. Magee
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kevin Conlon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Olga T. Schubert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Present address: Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nicolas C. Nalpas
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Present address: Quantitative Proteomics and Proteome Centre Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - John A. Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alicia Smyth
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Centre, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - David E. MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen V. Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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