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Lochin P, Malherbe P, Marteau B, Godfroy J, Gerle F, Marshall J, Puijalon S, Singer MB, Stella JC, Piégay H, Vernay A. The ant and the grasshopper: Contrasting responses and behaviors to water stress of riparian trees along a hydroclimatic gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175916. [PMID: 39226962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Riparian trees are particularly vulnerable to drought because they are highly dependent on water availability for their survival. However, the response of riparian tree species to water stress varies depending on regional hydroclimatic conditions, making them unevenly vulnerable to changing drought patterns. Understanding this spatial variability in stress responses requires a comprehensive assessment of water stress across broader spatial and temporal scales. Yet, the precise ecophysiological mechanisms underlying these responses remain poorly linked to remotely sensed indices. To address this gap, the implementation of remote sensing methods coupled with in situ validation is essential to obtain consistent results across diverse spatial and temporal contexts. We conducted a multi-tool analysis combining multispectral and thermal remote sensing indices with in situ ecophysiological measurements at different temporal scales to analyze the responses of white poplar (Populus alba) to seasonal changes in drought along a hydroclimatic gradient. Using this approach, we demonstrate that white poplars along the Rhône River (France) exhibit contrasting responses and behaviors during drought depending on the latitudinal context. White poplars in a Mediterranean climate show rapid stomatal closure to reduce water loss and maintain high minimum water potential levels, although this results in a decrease in remotely sensed greenness. Conversely, white poplars located upstream in a temperate climate show high transpiration and stable greenness but lower minimum water potential and water content. A site in the middle of the gradient has intermediate responses. These results demonstrate that white poplars along a climate gradient can have a range of responses to drought along the iso/anisohydricity continuum. These results are important for future climatic conditions because they show that the same species can have different mechanisms of drought resilience, even in the same river valley. This raises questions regarding how these riparian tree populations will respond to future climatic and hydrological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lochin
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France.
| | - Pauline Malherbe
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Marteau
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France; LETG UMR 6554, Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Godfroy
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, F-38402 St-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Flavie Gerle
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LEHNA UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - John Marshall
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Geological Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Puijalon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LEHNA UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael Bliss Singer
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - John C Stella
- Department of Sustainable Resources Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Hervé Piégay
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5600 Environnement Ville société, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Vernay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LEHNA UMR 5023, CNRS, ENTPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Arco Molina JG, Saurer M, Altmanova N, Treydte K, Dolezal J, Song JS, Altman J. Recent warming and increasing CO2 stimulate growth of dominant trees under no water limitation in South Korea. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae103. [PMID: 39151030 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Increases in temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration influence the growth performance of trees worldwide. The direction and intensity of tree growth and physiological responses to changing climate do, however, vary according to environmental conditions. Here we present complex, long-term, tree-physiological responses to unprecedented temperature increase in East Asia. For this purpose, we studied radial growth and isotopic (δ13C and δ18O) variations using tree-ring data for the past 100 yr of dominant Quercus mongolica trees from the cool-temperate forests from Hallasan, South Korea. Overall, we found that tree stem basal area increment, intercellular CO2 concentration and intrinsic water-use efficiency significantly increased over the last century. We observed, however, short-term variability in the trends of these variables among four periods identified by change point analysis. In comparison, δ18O did not show significant changes over time, suggesting no major hydrological changes in this precipitation-rich area. The strength and direction of growth-climate relationships also varied during the past 100 yr. Basal area increment (BAI) did not show significant relationships with the climate over the 1924-1949 and 1975-1999 periods. However, over 1950-1974, BAI was negatively affected by both temperature and precipitation, while after 2000, a temperature stimulus was observed. Finally, over the past two decades, the increase in Q. mongolica tree growth accelerated and was associated with high spring-summer temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations and decreasing intrinsic water-use efficiency, δ18O and vapour pressure deficit, suggesting that the photosynthetic rate continued increasing under no water limitations. Our results indicate that the performance of dominant trees of one of the most widely distributed species in East Asia has benefited from recent global changes, mainly over the past two decades. Such findings are essential for projections of forest dynamics and carbon sequestration under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Nela Altmanova
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jong-Suk Song
- College of Natural Sciences, Andong National University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36729, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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3
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Sánchez Vilas J, Hernández-Alonso H, Rozas V, Retuerto R. Differential growth rate, water use efficiency and climate sensitivity between males and females of Ilex aquifolium in north-western Spain. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024:mcae126. [PMID: 39110105 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dioecious plant species, i.e., those in which male and female functions are housed in different individuals, are particularly vulnerable to global environmental changes. For long-lived plant species, such as trees, long-term studies are imperative to understand how growth patterns and their sensitivity to climate variability differentially affect the sexes. METHODS Here, we explore long-term intersexual differences in wood traits, namely radial growth rates, water use efficiency quantified as stable carbon isotope abundance of wood cellulose, and their climate sensitivity in Ilex aquifolium trees growing in a natural population in NW Spain. KEY RESULTS We found that sex differences in secondary growth rates were variable over time, with males outperforming females in both radial growth rates and water use efficiency in recent decades. Summer water stress significantly reduced the growth of female trees in the following growing season, while the growth of male trees was primarily favoured by cloudy and rainy conditions the previous fall and winter combined with low cloud cover and warm conditions in summer. Sex-dependent lagged correlations between radial growth and water availability were found, with a strong association between tree growth and cumulative water availability in females at 30 months and in males at 10 months. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results point to greater vulnerability of female tress to increasing drought, which could lead to sex-ratio biases threatening population viability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez Vilas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional (Área de Ecoloxía), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, UK
| | - Héctor Hernández-Alonso
- EiFAB, iuFOR, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Vicente Rozas
- EiFAB, iuFOR, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Rubén Retuerto
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional (Área de Ecoloxía), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Pernicová N, Urban O, Čáslavský J, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Sochová I, Peñuelas J, Bošeľa M, Trnka M. Impacts of elevated CO 2 levels and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure along an altitudinal gradient are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171173. [PMID: 38401718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of water use in plants, a critical ecophysiological parameter closely related to water and carbon cycles, is essential for understanding the interactions between plants and their environment. This study investigates the effects of ongoing climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on intrinsic (stomata-based; iWUE) and evaporative (transpiration-based; eWUE) water use efficiency in oak trees along a naturally small altitudinal gradient (130-630 m a.s.l.) of Vihorlat Mountains (eastern Slovakia, Central Europe). To assess changes in iWUE and eWUE values over the past 60 years (1961-2020), stable carbon isotope ratios in latewood cellulose (δ13Ccell) of annually resolved tree rings were analyzed. Such an approach was sensitive enough to distinguish tree responses to growth environments at different altitudes. Our findings revealed a rising trend in iWUE, particularly in oak trees at low and middle altitudes. However, this increase was negligible at high altitudes. Warmer and drier conditions at lower altitudes likely led to significant stomatal closure and enhanced efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake due to rising CO2 concentration. Conversely, the increasing intracellular-to-ambient CO2 ratio (Ci/Ca) at higher altitudes indicated lower efficiency in photosynthetic CO2 uptake. In contrast to iWUE, eWUE showed no increasing trends over the last 60 years. This suggests that the positive impacts of elevated CO2 concentrations and temperature on photosynthesis and stomatal closure are counteracted by the rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). These differences underscore the importance of the correct interpretation of stomata-based and transpiration-based WUEs and highlight the necessity of atmospheric VPD correction when applying tree-ring δ13C-derived WUE at ecosystem and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Pernicová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Sochová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michal Bošeľa
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Li S, Agathokleous E, Li S, Xu Y, Xia J, Feng Z. Climate gradient and leaf carbon investment influence the effects of climate change on water use efficiency of forests: A meta-analysis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1070-1083. [PMID: 38018689 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems cover a large area of the global land surface and are important carbon sinks. The water-carbon cycles of forests are prone to climate change, but uncertainties remain regarding the magnitude of water use efficiency (WUE) response to climate change and the underpinning mechanism driving WUE variation. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2 ), drought and elevated temperature (eT) on the leaf- to plant-level WUE, covering 80 field studies and 95 tree species. The results showed that eCO2 increased leaf intrinsic and instantaneous WUE (WUEi, WUEt), whereas drought enhanced both leaf- and plant-level WUEs. eT increased WUEi but decreased carbon isotope-based WUE, possibly due to the influence of mesophyll conductance. Stimulated leaf-level WUE by drought showed a progressing trend with increasing latitude, while eCO2 -induced WUE enhancement showed decreasing trends after >40° N. These latitudinal gradients might influence the spatial pattern of climate and further drove WUE variation. Moreover, high leaf-level WUE under eCO2 and drought was accompanied by low leaf carbon contents. Such a trade-off between growth efficiency and defence suggests a potentially compromised tolerance to diseases and pests. These findings add important ecophysiological parameters into climate models to predict carbon-water cycles of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Yu P, Zhang Y, Liu P, Zhang J, Xing W, Tong X, Zhang J, Meng P. Regulation of biophysical drivers on carbon and water fluxes over a warm-temperate plantation in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167408. [PMID: 37827323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Plantations have great potential for carbon sequestration and play a vital role in the water cycle. However, it is challenging to accurately estimate the carbon and water fluxes of plantations, and the impact of biophysical drivers on the coupling of carbon and water fluxes is not well understood. Thus, we modified the phenology module of the Biome-BGC model and optimized the parameters with the aim of simulating the gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of a warm-temperate plantation in northern China from 2009 to 2020. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) showed significant positive correlations on GPP and WUE during the first stage of the growing season (S1: from early April to late July). Active accumulated temperature (Taa) mainly controlled the changes in GPP and ET during the second stage (S2: between the end of July and early November). Throughout the growing season, soil water content dominated daily GPP and WUE, whereas Taa regulated ET. The optimized Biome-BGC model performed better than the original model in simulating GPP and ET. Compared with the values simulated by the original model, root mean square error decreased by 7.89 % and 15.97 % for the simulated GPP and ET, respectively, while the determination coefficient increased from 0.77 to 0.81 for simulated GPP and from 0.51 to 0.62 for simulated ET. The results of this study demonstrated that the optimized model more accurately assessed carbon sequestration and water consumption in plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Yu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Peirong Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650, China
| | - Wanli Xing
- Academy of Arts and Design, Beijing City University, Beijing 101309, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jingru Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650, China
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Wen S, Shi Z, Zhang X, Pan L, Kwon S, Li Y, Yang X, Li H. Effect of Climate and Competition on Radial Growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Forest in Hulunbuir Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2584. [PMID: 37447145 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The forest of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is an important semi-arid ecosystem in Hulunbuir sandy land that plays a key role in the carbon cycle and wind erosion control. It is crucial to explore the main factors affecting the radial growth of trees of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. (2) Methods: The study established the tree-ring chronology of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and analyzed the relationships among the radial growth, competition index, and climate variables using correlation analysis and a linear mixed effect model to explore the influence of competition and climate on radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. (3) Results: The results indicated that tree growth is mainly affected by the maximum average temperature (Tmax) and precipitation in June and July of the current year and that tree growth significantly decreased with increasing competition pressure. Analysis of the linear mixed effect model showed that tree age, competition intensity, self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) from May to July, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) have a significant impact on radial growth. (4) Conclusions: The competition plays a dominant role in radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica compared to climate factors. This study helps to understand the growth mechanism of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests under climate change and provides a scientific basis for effective management of semi-arid forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wen
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhongjie Shi
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Leilei Pan
- Institute of Ecological Restoration, Kongju National University, Gongzhou City 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Semyung Kwon
- Institute of Ecological Restoration, Kongju National University, Gongzhou City 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuheng Li
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hanzhi Li
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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8
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Hong Y, Liu X, Camarero JJ, Xu G, Zhang L, Zeng X, Aritsara ANA, Zhang Y, Wang W, Xing X, Lu Q. The effects of intrinsic water-use efficiency and climate on wood anatomy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00484-023-02475-7. [PMID: 37072578 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming may induce growth decline in warm-temperate areas subjected to seasonal soil moisture deficit, whereas increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) is expected to enhance tree growth. An accurate understanding of tree growth and physiological processes responding to climate warming and increasing Ca is critical. Here, we analyzed tree-ring stable carbon isotope and wood anatomical traits of Pinus tabuliformis from Qinling Mountains in China to understand how lumen diameter (LD) determining potential hydraulic conductivity and cell-wall thickness (CWT) determining carbon storage responded to climate and Ca. The effects of climate and Ca on intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) were isolated, and iWUE values due to only-climate (iWUEClim) and only-CO2 effects (iWUECO2) were obtained. During a low-iWUE period, the influences of climate on earlywood (EW) LD and latewood (LW) CWT prevailed. During a high-iWUE period, CO2 fertilization promoted cell enlargement and carbon storage but this was counteracted by a negative influence of climate warming. The limiting direct effects of iWUEClim and indirect effects of climate on EW LD were greater than on LW CWT. P. tabuliformis in temperate forests will face a decline of growth and carbon fixation, but will produce embolism-resistant tracheids with narrow lumen responding to future hotter droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Hong
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50092, Spain
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lingnan Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaomin Zeng
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Amy Ny Aina Aritsara
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- Qinling National Botanical Garden, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiangqiang Lu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, 710061, China
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9
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Fang X, Lin T, Zhang B, Lai Y, Chen X, Xiao Y, Xie Y, Zhu J, Yang Y, Wang J. Regulating carbon and water balance as a strategy to cope with warming and drought climate in Cunninghamia lanceolata in southern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048930. [PMID: 36466246 PMCID: PMC9714357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have increased the possibility of simultaneous warming and drought, which will lead to different carbon (C) allocation and water use strategies in plants. However, there is no conclusive information from previous studies. To explore C and water balance strategies of plants in response to warming and drought, we designed a 4-year experiment that included control (CT), warming (W, with a 5°C increase in temperature), drought (D, with a 50% decrease in precipitation), and warming and drought conditions (WD) to investigate the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), C and nitrogen (N) stoichiometry, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of leaves, roots, and litter of Cunninghamia lanceolata, a major tree species in southern China. We found that W significantly increased NSC and starch in the leaves, and increased NSC and soluble sugar is one of the components of NSC in the roots. D significantly increased leaves' NSC and starch, and increased litter soluble sugar. The NSC of the WD did not change significantly, but the soluble sugar was significantly reduced. The iWUE of leaves increased under D, and surprisingly, W and D significantly increased the iWUE of litter. The iWUE was positively correlated with NSC and soluble sugar. In addition, D significantly increased N at the roots and litter, resulting in a significant decrease in the C/N ratio. The principal component analysis showed that NSC, iWUE, N, and C/N ratio can be used as identifying indicators for C. lanceolata in both warming and drought periods. This study stated that under warming or drought, C. lanceolata would decline in growth to maintain high NSC levels and reduce water loss. Leaves would store starch to improve the resiliency of the aboveground parts, and the roots would increase soluble sugar and N accumulation to conserve water and to help C sequestration in the underground part. At the same time, defoliation was potentially beneficial for maintaining C and water balance. However, when combined with warming and drought, C. lanceolata growth will be limited by C, resulting in decreased NSC. This study provides a new insight into the coping strategies of plants in adapting to warming and drought environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
| | - Tian Lin
- School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Biyao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongru Lai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xupeng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Xie
- Institute of Economic Forestry, Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinmao Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Responses of Tree Growth and Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency to Environmental Factors in Central and Northern China in the Context of Global Warming. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Loess Plateau is a fragile ecological zone that is sensitive to climate change. The response, adaptation, and feedback of tree growth in forest ecosystems to global warming and CO2 enrichment are urgent scientific issues. Intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) is an important indicator for understanding forest ecosystem adaptability to climate change and CO2 enrichment. In this study, tree-ring width, tree-ring stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), and iWUE of P. tabulaeformis Carr. were established. Climate response analysis showed that temperature was the main limiting factor affecting radial tree growth and that relative humidity significantly affected the stable carbon isotope fractionation of tree rings. During 1645–2011, the iWUE increased by 27.1%. The responses of iWUE to climate factors and atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) showed that the long-term variation in iWUE was affected by Ca, which could explain 69% of iWUE variation, and temperature was the main factor causing iWUE interannual variation. The ecosystem of P. tabulaeformis showed a positive response to rising Ca, as its carbon sequestration capacity increased. In response to global warming and CO2 enrichment, rising Ca promoted increases in iWUE but ultimately failed to offset the negative impact of warming on tree growth in the study area.
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11
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Vishnu MVJ, Parthiban KT, Raveendran M, Kanna SU, Radhakrishnan S, Shabbir R. Variation in biochemical, physiological and ecophysiological traits among the teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) seed sources of India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11677. [PMID: 35804090 PMCID: PMC9270387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Teak being an iconic timber species the studies on its physiological and biochemical traits are very limited in India and worldwide. As a result, the current study aimed to assess biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, chlorophyll ab ratio, proline content, and peroxidase activity, along with physiological parameters such as Chlorophyll stability index, relative water content, and leaf area, as well as ecophysiological traits such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), Leaf temperature, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), instantaneous water use efficiency and intrinsic carboxylation efficiency of thirty teak seed sources collected from different states of India. FCRITK 19, FCRITK 21, FCRITK 25, FCRITK 29, and FCRITK 05 were reported to have a greater photosynthetic rate (> 17 µmol m−2 s−1) coupled with a relative water content of more than 50% and a chlorophyll stability index of more than 60%, which could be used in a future genetic improvement programme. Correlation analysis indicated that water use efficiency was found to be strongly but negatively correlated with transpiration rate (−0.601) and stomatal conductance (−0.910). The proline content had a substantial positive correlation with the chlorophyll stability index (0.890), signifying that they are associated with abiotic stress conditions. Cluster analysis was attempted to discriminate the sources based on biochemical, physiological and ecophysiological traits. Eleven sources (FCRITK 25, FCRITK 27, FCRITK 29, FCRITK 14, FCRITK 30, FCRITK 16, FCRITK 05, FCRITK 13, FCRITK 02, FCRITK 17 and FCRITK 15) exhibited superior performance compared to rest of the sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Jawahar Vishnu
- Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam, 641 301, India.
| | - K T Parthiban
- Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam, 641 301, India
| | - M Raveendran
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - S Umesh Kanna
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - S Radhakrishnan
- Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam, 641 301, India
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12
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Zhao X, Kang L, Wang Q, Lin C, Liu W, Chen W, Sang T, Yan J. Water Use Efficiency and Stress Tolerance of the Potential Energy Crop Miscanthus lutarioriparius Grown on the Loess Plateau of China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030544. [PMID: 33805780 PMCID: PMC8001145 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a potential energy crop with high biomass yield, Miscanthus lutarioriparius (M. lutarioriparius), endemic to the Long River Range in central China, needs to be investigated for its acclimation to stressful climatic and soil conditions often found on the marginal land. In this study, traits related to acclimation and yield, including survival rates, plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), tiller number (TN), water use efficiency (WUE), and photosynthetic rates (A), were examined for 41 M. lutarioriparius populations that transplanted to the arid and cold Loess Plateau of China. The results showed that the average survival rate of M. lutarioriparius populations was only 4.16% over the first winter but the overwinter rate increased to 35.03% after the second winter, suggesting that plants having survived the first winter could have acclaimed to the low temperature. The strikingly high survival rates over the second winter were found to be 95.83% and 80.85%, respectively, for HG18 and HG39 populations. These populations might be especially valuable for the selection of energy crops for such an area. Those individuals surviving for the two consecutive winters showed significantly higher WUE than those measured after the first winter. The high WUE and low stomatal conductance (gs) observed in survived individuals could have been responsible for their acclimation to this new and harsh environment. A total of 61 individuals with productive growth traits and strong resistance to cold and drought were identified for further energy crop development. This study showed that the variation of M. lutarioriparius held great potential for developing energy crops following continuous field selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (X.Z.); (L.K.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (T.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lifang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (X.Z.); (L.K.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (X.Z.); (L.K.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (T.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (X.Z.); (L.K.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (X.Z.); (L.K.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (T.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
| | - Tao Sang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (X.Z.); (L.K.); (Q.W.); (C.L.); (W.L.); (T.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
| | - Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Rahman M, Islam M, Gebrekirstos A, Bräuning A. Disentangling the effects of atmospheric CO2 and climate on intrinsic water-use efficiency in South Asian tropical moist forest trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:904-916. [PMID: 32268375 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the ratio of carbon fixed by assimilation to water lost by transpiration through stomatal conductance (intrinsic water-use efficiency, iWUE) shows a long-term increasing trend globally. However, the drivers of short-term (inter-annual) variability in iWUE of tropical trees are poorly understood. We studied the inter-annual variability in iWUE of three South Asian tropical moist forest tree species (Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss., Toona ciliata M. Roem. and Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) derived from tree-ring stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in response to variations of environmental conditions. We found a significantly decreasing trend in carbon discrimination (Δ13C) and an increasing trend in iWUE in all the three species, with a species-specific long-term trend in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Growing season temperatures were the main driver of inter-annual variability of iWUE in C. tabularis and L. speciosa, whereas previous year temperatures determined the iWUE variability in T. ciliata. Vapor pressure deficit was linked with iWUE only in C. tabularis. Differences in shade tolerance, tree stature and canopy position might have caused this species-specific variation in iWUE response to climate. Linear mixed effect modeling successfully simulated iWUE variability, explaining 41-51% of the total variance varying with species. Commonality analysis revealed that temperatures had a dominant influence on the inter-annual iWUE variability (64-77%) over precipitation (7-22%) and atmospheric CO2 concentration (3-6%). However, the long-term variations in iWUE were explicitly determined by the atmospheric CO2 increase (83-94%). Our results suggest that the elevated CO2 and concomitant global warming might have detrimental effects on gas exchange and other physiological processes in South Asian tropical moist forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizanur Rahman
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Islam
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Aster Gebrekirstos
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, PO Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Achim Bräuning
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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14
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Retrospective Analysis of Tree Decline Based on Intrinsic Water-Use Efficiency in Semi-Arid Areas of North China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term tree growth is significantly affected by climate change, which have become a global concern. Tree-ring width and isotopic information can show how trees respond to climate change on a long-term scale and reveal some phenomena of tree decline or death. In this study, we used isotopic techniques and investigated annual changes in carbon isotope composition and tree-ring width of Populus simonii Carr. in Zhangbei, as well as trends in tree-ring carbon discrimination (Δ13C) and iWUE in normal, mildly declining and severely declining trees, in order to make a retrospective analysis and further understand the process of tree decline. We found that there were significant differences (p < 0.01 **) in δ13C, Δ13C, ci and iWUE at different decline stages, meaning that the δ13C and iWUE could be new indicators of tree health. The iWUE of all groups increased significantly, while the growth rate of declined P. simonii was much higher than that of normal growth P. simonii. According to the analysis, there may be a threshold of iWUE for healthy trees, which once the threshold value is exceeded, it indicates that trees are resistant to adversity and their growth is under stress. Similarly, the changing trend of BAI supports our conclusion with its changes showed that tree growth became slower and slower as degradation progressed. iWUE inferred from tree-ring stable carbon isotope composition is a strong modulator of adaptation capacity in response to environmental stressors under climate change. Elevated annual temperatures and increased groundwater depth are all contributing to the decline of P. simonii in north China.
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15
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Onandia G, Schittko C, Ryo M, Bernard-Verdier M, Heger T, Joshi J, Kowarik I, Gessler A. Ecosystem functioning in urban grasslands: The role of biodiversity, plant invasions and urbanization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225438. [PMID: 31756202 PMCID: PMC6874358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is driving the transformation of natural and rural ecosystems worldwide by affecting both the abiotic environment and the biota. This raises the question whether urban ecosystems are able to provide services in a comparable way to their non-urban counterparts. In urban grasslands, the effects of urbanization-driven ecological novelty and the role of plant diversity in modulating ecosystem functioning have received little attention. In this study, we assessed the influence of biodiversity, abiotic and biotic novelty on ecosystem functioning based on in situ measurements in non-manipulated grasslands along an urbanization gradient in Berlin (Germany). We focused on plant aboveground biomass (AGB), intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and 15N enrichment factor (Δδ15N) as proxies for biomass production, water and N cycling, respectively, within grassland communities, and tested how they change with plant biogeographic status (native vs alien), functional group and species identity. Approximately one third of the forb species were alien to Berlin and they were responsible for 13.1% of community AGB. Community AGB was positively correlated with plant-species richness. In contrast, iWUE and Δδ15N were mostly determined by light availability (depicted by sky view factor) and urban parameters like the percentage of impervious surface or human population density. We found that abiotic novelty potentially favors aliens in Berlin, mainly by enhancing their dispersal and fitness under drought. Mainly urban parameters indicating abiotic novelty were significantly correlated to both alien and native Δδ15N, but to AGB and iWUE of alien plants only, pointing to a stronger impact of abiotic novelty on N cycling compared to C and water cycling. At the species level, sky view factor appeared to be the prevailing driver of photosynthetic performance and resource-use efficiency. Although we identified a significant impact of abiotic novelty on AGB, iWUE and Δδ15N at different levels, the relationship between species richness and community AGB found in the urban grasslands studied in Berlin was comparable to that described in non-urban experimental grasslands in Europe. Hence, our results indicate that conserving and enhancing biodiversity in urban ecosystems is essential to preserve ecosystem services related to AGB production. For ensuring the provision of ecosystem services associated to water and N use, however, changes in urban abiotic parameters seem necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Onandia
- Research Platform “Data”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Conrad Schittko
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Masahiro Ryo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maud Bernard-Verdier
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Division of Zoology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Heger
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Restoration Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Landscape and Open Space, HSR Hochschule für Technik, Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Ecosystem Science and Plant Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Environmental Controls of Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in the Stem Radius of Platycladus orientalis in Northern China. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fine-resolution studies of stem radial variation over short timescales throughout the year can provide insight into intra-annual stem dynamics and improve our understanding of climate impacts on tree physiology and growth processes. Using data from high-resolution point dendrometers collected from Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) trees between September 2013 and December 2014, this study investigated the daily and seasonal patterns of stem radial variation in addition to the relationships between daily stem radial variation and environmental factors over the growing season. Two contrasting daily cycle patterns were observed for warm and cold seasons. A daily mean air temperature of 0 °C was a critical threshold that was related to seasonal shifts in stem diurnal cycle patterns, indicating that air temperature critically influences diurnal stem cycles. The annual variation in P. orientalis stem radius variation can be divided into four distinct periods including (1) spring rehydration, (2) the summer growing season, (3) autumn stagnation, and (4) winter contraction. These periods reflect seasonal changes in tree water status that are especially pronounced in spring and winter. During the growing season, the maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) of P. orientalis was positively correlated with air temperature (Ta) and negatively correlated with soil water content (SWC) and precipitation (P). The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) also exhibited a threshold-based control on MDS at values below or above 0.8 kPa. Daily radial changes (DRC) were negatively correlated with Ta and VPD but positively correlated with relative air humidity (RH) and P. These results suggest that the above environmental factors are associated with tree water status via their influence on moisture availability to trees, which in turn affects the metrics of daily stem variation including MDS and DRC.
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17
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Duchesne L, Houle D, Ouimet R, Caldwell L, Gloor M, Brienen R. Large apparent growth increases in boreal forests inferred from tree-rings are an artefact of sampling biases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6832. [PMID: 31048703 PMCID: PMC6497877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree rings are thought to be a powerful tool to reconstruct historical growth changes and have been widely used to assess tree responses to global warming. Demographic inferences suggest, however, that typical sampling procedures induce spurious trends in growth reconstructions. Here we use the world’s largest single tree-ring dataset (283,536 trees from 136,621 sites) from Quebec, Canada, to assess to what extent growth reconstructions based on these - and thus any similar - data might be affected by this problem. Indeed, straightforward growth rate reconstructions based on these data suggest a six-fold increase in radial growth of black spruce (Picea mariana) from ~0.5 mm yr−1 in 1800 to ~2.5 mm yr−1 in 1990. While the strong correlation (R2 = 0.98) between this increase and that of atmospheric CO2 could suggest a causal relationship, we here unambiguously demonstrate that this growth trend is an artefact of sampling biases caused by the absence of old, fast-growing trees (cf. “slow-grower survivorship bias”) and of young, slow-growing trees (cf. “big-tree selection bias”) in the dataset. At the moment, we cannot envision how to remedy the issue of incomplete representation of cohorts in existing large-scale tree-ring datasets. Thus, innovation will be needed before such datasets can be used for growth rate reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Duchesne
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la recherche forestière, 2700 Einstein Street, Quebec City, Quebec, G1P 3W8, Canada.
| | - Daniel Houle
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la recherche forestière, 2700 Einstein Street, Quebec City, Quebec, G1P 3W8, Canada.,Consortium on Regional Climatology and Adaptation to Climate Change (Ouranos), 550 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B9, Canada
| | - Rock Ouimet
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la recherche forestière, 2700 Einstein Street, Quebec City, Quebec, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Liam Caldwell
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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18
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Wu Y, Du T, Yuan Y, Shukla MK. Stable isotope measurements show increases in corn water use efficiency under deficit irrigation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14113. [PMID: 30237577 PMCID: PMC6148072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficit irrigation has usually improved crop water use efficiency (WUE), but there are still gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms. Four irrigation treatments were a conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), border irrigation (BI), alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and an AFI(M/2) (the amount of irrigation was 50% of the AFI). The volume of irrigation water applied were nearly the same for CFI, BI, and AFI. The isotope (δ18O and δD) method was used to quantify corn root water uptake (RWU) during 2013-2014. Compared to CFI and BI, corn yield and WUE were 17.0-30.2% and 13.3-33.8% higher in AFI, respectively. No significant yield reduction were observed between AFI and AFI(M/2). Corn RWU was more from deeper soil with increasing growth stage for AFI(M/2), AFI, and CFI, but from shallower depth for BI. The depth for RWU varied in the order of AFI(M/2) > AFI > CFI > BI. The maximum root density was in the depth of 40-80 cm at the growing stage in AFI, and 4-26% more water was extracted from the wetter and deeper root zones. The WUE increased under deficit irrigation, and stimulated the root growth with attendant decreases in water loss to deep percolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Wu
- College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Taisheng Du
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yusen Yuan
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Manoj K Shukla
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
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