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Tian LL, Li Y, Yang R, Jiang Y, He JJ, Wang H, Chen LQ, Zhu WY, Xue T, Li BB. Low concentrations of tetrabromobisphenol A promote the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116853. [PMID: 39137468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The effect and underlying mechanism of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a plastic additive, on biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA USA300) remain unknown. This study first investigated the impact of different concentrations of TBBPA on the growth and biofilm formation of USA300. The results indicated that a low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of TBBPA promoted the growth and biofilm formation of USA300, whereas high concentrations (5 mg/L and 10 mg/L) of TBBPA had inhibitory effects. Further exploration revealed that the low concentration of TBBPA enhance biofilm formation by promoting the synthesis of extracellular proteins, release of extracellular DNA (eDNA), and production of staphyloxanthin. RTqPCR analysis demonstrated that the low concentration of TBBPA upregulated genes associated with extracellular protein synthesis (sarA, fnbA, fnbB, aur) and eDNA formation (atlA) and increased the expression of genes involved in staphyloxanthin biosynthesis (crtM), suggesting a potential mechanism for enhanced resistance of USA300 to adverse conditions. These findings shed light on how low concentrations of TBBPA facilitate biofilm formation in USA300 and highlight the indirect impact of plastic additives on pathogenic bacteria in terms of human health. In the future, in-depth studies about effects of plastic additives on pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria should be conducted. CAPSULE: The protein and eDNA contents in biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are increased by low concentrations of TBBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Li-Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wen-Ya Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Food Procession Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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2
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Power AD, Mok WWK. Agar and agarose used for Staphylococcus aureus biofilm cultivation impact fluoroquinolone tolerance. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae191. [PMID: 39066496 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen whose treatment is further complicated by its ability to form biofilms. In this study, we examine the impact of growing S. aureus biofilms on different polymerizing surfaces, specifically agar and agarose, on the pathogen's tolerance to fluoroquinolones. METHODS AND RESULTS Biofilms of two methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus were grown on agar or agarose in the presence of the same added nutrients, and their antibiotic susceptibility to two fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin (MXF) and delafloxacin (DLX), were measured. We also compared the metabolism and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production of biofilms that were grown on agar and agarose. CONCLUSIONS Biofilms that were grown on agarose were consistently more susceptible to antibiotics than those grown on agar. We found that in biofilms that were grown on agar, extracellular protein composition was higher, and adding EPS to agarose-grown biofilms increased their tolerance to DLX to levels that were comparable to agar-grown biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Power
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
| | - Wendy W K Mok
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06032, United States
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3
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Alves F, Nakada PJT, Marques MJDAM, Rea LDC, Cortez AA, Pellegrini VDOA, Polikarpov I, Kurachi C. Complete photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with use of potassium iodide and its comparison with enzymatic pretreatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112974. [PMID: 38964021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium, accounts for 7% of all hospital-acquired infections. Despite advances in medicine and antibiotic therapy, P. aeruginosa infection still results in high mortality rates of up to 62% in certain patient groups. This bacteria is also known to form biofilms, that are 10 to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics compared to their free-floating counterparts. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has been proved to be an effective antimicrobial technique for microbial control. This method involves the incubation of the pathogen with a photosensitizer (PS), then, a light at appropriated wavelength is applied, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species that are toxic to the microbial cells. Studies have focused on strategies to enhance the PDI efficacy, such as a pre-treatment with enzymes to degrade the biofilm matrix and/or an addition of inorganic salts to the PS. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PDI against P. aeruginosa biofilm in association with the application of the enzymes prior to PDI (enzymatic pre-treatment) or the addition of potassium iodide (KI) to the photosensitizer solution, to increase the inactivation effectiveness of the treatment. First, a range of enzymes and PSs were tested, and the best protocols for combined treatments were selected. The results showed that the use of enzymes as a pre-treatment was effective to reduce the total biomass, however, when associated with PDI, mild bacterial reductions were obtained. Then, the use of KI in association with the PS was evaluated and the results showed that, PDI mediated by methylene blue (MB) in the presence of KI was able to completely eradicate the biofilm. However, when the PDI was performed with curcumin and KI, no additive reduction was observed. In conclusion, out of all strategies evaluated in the present study, the most promising strategy to improve PDI against P. aeruginosa biofilm was the use of KI in association with MB, resulting in eradication with 108 log bacterial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Júnior Tadayoshi Nakada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia de Arruda Mazzotti Marques
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Cruz Rea
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelyse Abreu Cortez
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Arnoldi Pellegrini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Gokhale KM, Patravale V, Pingale R, Pandey P, Vavilala SL. Se-functionalized ZIF-8 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and disruption of biofilms and quorum sensing in Serratia marcescens. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055020. [PMID: 39025122 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The majority of research on nanomaterials has been concentrated on metal nanoparticles since they are easily made and manipulated. Nanomaterials have shown a wide range of applications in biology. Nevertheless, their bioactivity declines due to their extreme susceptibility to and novel Se@ZIF-8 by chemical method. The sizes and morphologies of Se (0) and Se@ZIFchemical and physical stimuli. The goal of encapsulating these nanomaterials in a matrix is gradually being pursued, which boosts their affordability, stability, and usability. Metal-organic frameworks, often known as MOFs, have the potential to be the best platforms for encapsulating metal nanoparticles due to their well-defined frameworks, persistent porosity, and flexibility in modification. In this investigation, we report the synthesis and optimization of polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Se(0) nanoparticles -8 were affected by the ratios of Se/Zn2+and [hmim]/Zn2+used. The optimized Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles exhibited a particle size and zeta potential of 319 nm and -34 mv respectively. Transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical morphology for Se(0) nanoparticles, whereas the surface morphology of novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles was drastically changed to hexagonal shaped structures with smooth surface morphologies in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DTA, TG/DTG, XRD analysis confirmed the presence of novel Se incorporated ZIF-8 nanoparticulate framework. The synthesized novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles showed efficient antibacterial activity as evidenced by low MIC values. Interestingly, these Se@ZIF-8 NPs not only inhibited biofilm formation inS. marcescens,but also effectively eradicated mature biofilms by degrading the eDNA of the EPS layer. It was validated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and SEM analysis. It was observed that Se@ZIF-8 targeted the Quroum Sensing pathway and reduced its associated virulence factors production. This work opens up a different approach of Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles as novel antibiotics to treat biofilm-associated infections caused byS. marcescensand offer a solution for antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal M Gokhale
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Pharm. Sciences and Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rutuja Pingale
- Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar 421003, India
| | - Pooja Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Sirisha L Vavilala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
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5
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Bowden LC, Finlinson J, Jones B, Berges BK. Beyond the double helix: the multifaceted landscape of extracellular DNA in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1400648. [PMID: 38903938 PMCID: PMC11188362 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1400648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus forms biofilms consisting of cells embedded in a matrix made of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Biofilm-associated infections are difficult to treat and can promote antibiotic resistance, resulting in negative healthcare outcomes. eDNA within the matrix contributes to the stability, growth, and immune-evasive properties of S. aureus biofilms. eDNA is released by autolysis, which is mediated by murein hydrolases that access the cell wall via membrane pores formed by holin-like proteins. The eDNA content of S. aureus biofilms varies among individual strains and is influenced by environmental conditions, including the presence of antibiotics. eDNA plays an important role in biofilm development and structure by acting as an electrostatic net that facilitates protein-cell and cell-cell interactions. Because of eDNA's structural importance in biofilms and its ubiquitous presence among S. aureus isolates, it is a potential target for therapeutics. Treatment of biofilms with DNase can eradicate or drastically reduce them in size. Additionally, antibodies that target DNABII proteins, which bind to and stabilize eDNA, can also disperse biofilms. This review discusses the recent literature on the release, structure, and function of eDNA in S. aureus biofilms, in addition to a discussion of potential avenues for targeting eDNA for biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bradford K. Berges
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Ronish LA, Biswas B, Bauer RM, Jacob ME, Piepenbrink KH. The role of extracellular structures in Clostridioides difficile biofilm formation. Anaerobe 2024; 88:102873. [PMID: 38844261 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
C. difficile infection (CDI) is a costly and increasing burden on the healthcare systems of many developed countries due to the high rates of nosocomial infections. Despite the availability of several antibiotics with high response rates, effective treatment is hampered by recurrent infections. One potential mechanism for recurrence is the existence of C. difficile biofilms in the gut which persist through the course of antibiotics. In this review, we describe current developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which C. difficile biofilms form and are stabilized through extracellular biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Ronish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Baishakhi Biswas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Robert M Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Mallory E Jacob
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kurt H Piepenbrink
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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7
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Kaplan JB, Horswill AR. Micrococcal nuclease regulates biofilm formation and dispersal in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300. mSphere 2024; 9:e0012624. [PMID: 38695568 PMCID: PMC11237449 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00126-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The extracellular matrix of MRSA biofilms contains significant amounts of double-stranded DNA that hold the biofilm together. MRSA cells secrete micrococcal nuclease (Nuc1), which degrades double-stranded DNA. In this study, we used standard methodologies to investigate the role of Nuc1 in MRSA biofilm formation and dispersal. We quantified biofilm formation and extracellular DNA (eDNA) levels in broth and agar cultures. In some experiments, cultures were supplemented with sub-MIC amoxicillin to induce biofilm formation. Biofilm erosion was quantitated by culturing biofilms on rods and enumerating detached colony-forming units (CFUs), and biofilm sloughing was investigated by perfusing biofilms cultured in glass tubes with fresh broth and measuring the sizes of the detached cell aggregates. We found that an MRSA nuc1- mutant strain produced significantly more biofilm and more eDNA than a wild-type strain, both in the absence and presence of sub-MIC amoxicillin. nuc1- mutant biofilms grown on rods detached significantly less than wild-type biofilms. Detachment was restored by exogenous DNase or complementing the nuc1- mutant. In the sloughing assay, nuc1- mutant biofilms released cell aggregates that were significantly larger than those released by wild-type biofilms. Our results suggest that Nuc1 modulates biofilm formation, biofilm detachment, and the sizes of detached cell aggregates. These processes may play a role in the spread and subsequent survival of MRSA biofilms during biofilm-related infections.IMPORTANCEInfections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a significant problem in hospitals. MRSA forms adherent biofilms on implanted medical devices such as catheters and breathing tubes. Bacteria can detach from biofilms on these devices and spread to other parts of the body such as the blood or lungs, where they can cause life-threatening infections. In this article, researchers show that MRSA secretes an enzyme known as thermonuclease that causes bacteria to detach from the biofilm. This is important because understanding the mechanism by which MRSA detaches from biofilms could lead to the development of procedures to mitigate the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander R. Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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8
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Vadakkan K, Sathishkumar K, Kuttiyachan Urumbil S, Ponnenkunnathu Govindankutty S, Kumar Ngangbam A, Devi Nongmaithem B. A review of chemical signaling mechanisms underlying quorum sensing and its inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107465. [PMID: 38761705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterium responsible for multiple infections and is a primary cause of fatalities among patients in hospital environments. The advent of pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus revealed the shortcomings of employing antibiotics to treat bacterial infectious diseases. Quorum sensing enhances S. aureus's survivability through signaling processes. Targeting the key components of quorum sensing has drawn much interest nowadays as a promising strategy for combating infections caused by bacteria. Concentrating on the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing mechanism is the most commonly suggested anti-virulence approach for S.aureus. Quorum quenching is a common strategy for controlling illnesses triggered by microorganisms since it reduces the pathogenicity of bacteria and improves bacterial biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics, thus providing an intriguing prospect for drug discovery. Quorum sensing inhibition reduces selective stresses and constrains the emergence of antibiotic resistance while limiting bacterial pathogenicity. This review examines the quorum sensing mechanisms involved in S. aureus, quorum sensing targets and gene regulation, environmental factors affecting quorum sensing, quorum sensing inhibition, natural products as quorum sensing inhibitory agents and novel therapeutical strategies to target quorum sensing in S. aureus as drug developing technique to augment conventional antibiotic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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9
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Kaplan JB, Cywes-Bentley C, Pier GB, Yakandawala N, Sailer M, Edwards MS, Kridin K. Poly- β-(1→6)- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine mediates surface attachment, biofilm formation, and biocide resistance in Cutibacterium acnes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386017. [PMID: 38751716 PMCID: PMC11094747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The commensal skin bacterium Cutibacterium acnes plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and also causes opportunistic infections of implanted medical devices due to its ability to form biofilms on biomaterial surfaces. Poly-β-(1→6)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG) is an extracellular polysaccharide that mediates biofilm formation and biocide resistance in a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine whether C. acnes produces PNAG, and whether PNAG contributes to C. acnes biofilm formation and biocide resistance in vitro. Methods PNAG was detected on the surface of C. acnes cells by fluorescence confocal microscopy using the antigen-specific human IgG1 monoclonal antibody F598. PNAG was detected in C. acnes biofilms by measuring the ability of the PNAG-specific glycosidase dispersin B to inhibit biofilm formation and sensitize biofilms to biocide killing. Results Monoclonal antibody F598 bound to the surface of C. acnes cells. Dispersin B inhibited attachment of C. acnes cells to polystyrene rods, inhibited biofilm formation by C. acnes in glass and polypropylene tubes, and sensitized C. acnes biofilms to killing by benzoyl peroxide and tetracycline. Conclusion C. acnes produces PNAG, and PNAG contributes to C. acnes biofilm formation and biocide resistance in vitro. PNAG may play a role in C. acnes skin colonization, biocide resistance, and virulence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Institute for Medical Research, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Colette Cywes-Bentley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerald B. Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Khalaf Kridin
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Institute for Medical Research, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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10
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Ulrich RJ, Podkowik M, Tierce R, Irnov I, Putzel G, Samhadaneh N, Lacey KA, Boff D, Morales SM, Makita S, Karagounis TK, Zwack EE, Zhou C, Kim R, Drlica K, Pironti A, van Bakel H, Torres VJ, Shopsin B. Prophage-encoded methyltransferase drives adaptation of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.589803. [PMID: 38659881 PMCID: PMC11042277 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We recently described the evolution of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) USA300 variant responsible for an outbreak of skin and soft tissue infections. Acquisition of a mosaic version of the Φ11 prophage (mΦ11) that increases skin abscess size was an early step in CA-MRSA adaptation that primed the successful spread of the clone. The present report shows how prophage mΦ11 exerts its effect on virulence for skin infection without encoding a known toxin or fitness genes. Abscess size and skin inflammation were associated with DNA methylase activity of an mΦ11-encoded adenine methyltransferase (designated pamA). pamA increased expression of fibronectin-binding protein A (fnbA; FnBPA), and inactivation of fnbA eliminated the effect of pamA on abscess virulence without affecting strains lacking pamA. Thus, fnbA is a pamA-specific virulence factor. Mechanistically, pamA was shown to promote biofilm formation in vivo in skin abscesses, a phenotype linked to FnBPA's role in biofilm formation. Collectively, these data reveal a novel mechanism-epigenetic regulation of staphylococcal gene expression-by which phage can regulate virulence to drive adaptive leaps by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Podkowik
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Tierce
- Division of Comparative Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irnov Irnov
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Putzel
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Samhadaneh
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keenan A. Lacey
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daiane Boff
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina M. Morales
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sohei Makita
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodora K. Karagounis
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin E. Zwack
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randie Kim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karl Drlica
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Iaconis A, De Plano LM, Caccamo A, Franco D, Conoci S. Anti-Biofilm Strategies: A Focused Review on Innovative Approaches. Microorganisms 2024; 12:639. [PMID: 38674584 PMCID: PMC11052202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm (BF) can give rise to systemic infections, prolonged hospitalization times, and, in the worst case, death. This review aims to provide an overview of recent strategies for the prevention and destruction of pathogenic BFs. First, the main phases of the life cycle of BF and maturation will be described to identify potential targets for anti-BF approaches. Then, an approach acting on bacterial adhesion, quorum sensing (QS), and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix will be introduced and discussed. Finally, bacteriophage-mediated strategies will be presented as innovative approaches against BF inhibition/destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Iaconis
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Maria De Plano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Domenico Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- URT Lab Sens Beyond Nano—CNR-DSFTM, Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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12
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Valdivieso González D, Jara J, Almendro-Vedia VG, Orgaz B, López-Montero I. Expansion microscopy applied to mono- and dual-species biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:92. [PMID: 38049404 PMCID: PMC10696089 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a new super-resolution technique based on embedding the biological sample within a hydrogel and its physical expansion after swelling. This allows increasing its size by several times while preserving its structural details. Applied to prokaryotic cells, ExM requires digestion steps for efficient expansion as bacteria are surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Furthermore, bacteria can live in social groups forming biofilms, where cells are protected from environmental stresses by a self-produced matrix. The extracellular matrix represents an additional impenetrable barrier for ExM. Here we optimize the current protocols of ExM and apply them to mono- and dual-species biofilms formed by clinical isolates of Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus. Using scanning electron microscopy for comparison, our results demonstrate that embedded bacteria expanded 3-fold. Moreover, ExM allowed visualizing the three-dimensional architecture of the biofilm and identifying the distribution of different microbial species and their interactions. We also detected the presence of the extracellular matrix after expansion with a specific stain of the polysaccharide component. The potential applications of ExM in biofilms will improve our understanding of these complex communities and have far-reaching implications for industrial and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Valdivieso González
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ps. Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (Imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josué Jara
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ps. Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (Imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Orgaz
- Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Dto. Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ps. Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (Imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Jiang T, Yuan D, Wang R, Zhao C, Xu Y, Liu Y, Song W, Su X, Wang B. Echinacoside, a promising sortase A inhibitor, combined with vancomycin against murine models of MRSA-induced pneumonia. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:421-435. [PMID: 37796314 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for a range of severe infections, such as skin infections, bacteremia, and pneumonia. Due to its antibiotic-resistant nature, current research focuses on targeting its virulence factors. Sortase A (SrtA) is a transpeptidase that anchors surface proteins to the bacterial cell wall and is involved in adhesion and invasion to host cells. Through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we identified echinacoside (ECH), a natural polyphenol, as a potential SrtA inhibitor with an IC50 of 38.42 μM in vitro. It was demonstrated that ECH inhibited SrtA-mediated S. aureus fibrinogen binding, surface protein A anchoring, and biofilm formation. The fluorescence quenching assay determined the binding mode of ECH to SrtA and calculated the KA-binding constant of 3.09 × 105 L/mol, demonstrating the direct interaction between the two molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ECH-SrtA interactions occurred primarily at the binding sites of A92G, A104G, V168A, G192A, and R197A. Importantly, the combination of ECH and vancomycin offered protection against murine models of MRSA-induced pneumonia. Therefore, ECH may serve as a potential antivirulence agent against S. aureus infections, either alone or in combination with vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Dai Yuan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yangming Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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14
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Zeng X, Yang M, Liu H, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Shi J, Wang ZH. Light-driven micro/nanomotors in biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18550-18570. [PMID: 37962424 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology brings hope for targeted drug delivery. However, most current drug delivery systems use passive delivery strategies with limited therapeutic efficiency. Over the past two decades, research on micro/nanomotors (MNMs) has flourished in the biomedical field. Compared with other driven methods, light-driven MNMs have the advantages of being reversible, simple to control, clean, and efficient. Under light irradiation, the MNMs can overcome several barriers in the body and show great potential in the treatment of various diseases, such as tumors, and gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Herein, the classification and mechanism of light-driven MNMs are introduced briefly. Subsequently, the applications of light-driven MNMs in overcoming physiological and pathological barriers in the past five years are highlighted. Finally, the future prospects and challenges of light-driven MNMs are discussed as well. This review will provide inspiration and direction for light-driven MNMs to overcome biological barriers in vivo and promote the clinical application of light-driven MNMs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yurong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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15
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Mugunthan S, Wong LL, Winnerdy FR, Summers S, Bin Ismail MH, Foo YH, Jaggi TK, Meldrum OW, Tiew PY, Chotirmall SH, Rice SA, Phan AT, Kjelleberg S, Seviour T. RNA is a key component of extracellular DNA networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7772. [PMID: 38012164 PMCID: PMC10682433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of bacterial biofilms consists of diverse components including polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Extracellular RNA (eRNA) can also be present, contributing to the structural integrity of biofilms. However, technical difficulties related to the low stability of RNA make it difficult to understand the precise roles of eRNA in biofilms. Here, we show that eRNA associates with extracellular DNA (eDNA) to form matrix fibres in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, and the eRNA is enriched in certain bacterial RNA transcripts. Degradation of eRNA associated with eDNA led to a loss of eDNA fibres and biofilm viscoelasticity. Compared with planktonic and biofilm cells, the biofilm matrix was enriched in specific mRNA transcripts, including lasB (encoding elastase). The mRNA transcripts colocalised with eDNA fibres in the biofilm matrix, as shown by single molecule inexpensive FISH microscopy (smiFISH). The lasB mRNA was also observed in eDNA fibres in a clinical sputum sample positive for P. aeruginosa. Thus, our results indicate that the interaction of specific mRNAs with eDNA facilitates the formation of viscoelastic networks in the matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarsan Mugunthan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Lan Li Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Stephen Summers
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory c/o Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore
| | | | - Yong Hwee Foo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Tavleen Kaur Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Oliver W Meldrum
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Pei Yee Tiew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Westmead and Microbiomes for One Systems Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anh Tuân Phan
- School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.
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16
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Deusenbery C, Carneiro O, Oberkfell C, Shukla A. Synergy of Antibiotics and Antibiofilm Agents against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1949-1963. [PMID: 37646612 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are some of the most common antibiotic-resistant infections, often exacerbated by the formation of biofilms. Here, we evaluated six compounds, three common antibiotics used against MRSA and three antibiofilm compounds, in nine combinations to investigate the mechanisms of synergistic eradication of MRSA biofilms. Using metabolic assessment, colony enumeration, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, we identified two promising combinations of antibiotics with antibiofilm agents against preformed MRSA biofilms. The broad-spectrum protease, proteinase K, and membrane-targeting antibiotic, daptomycin, worked in synergy against MRSA biofilms by manipulating the protein content, increasing access to the cell membrane of biofilm bacteria. We also found that the combination of cationic peptide, IDR-1018, with the cell wall cross-linking inhibitor, vancomycin, exhibited synergy against MRSA biofilms by causing bacterial damage and preventing repair. Our findings identify synergistic combinations of antibiotics and antibiofilm agents, providing insight into mechanisms that may be explored further for the development of effective treatments against MRSA biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Deusenbery
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Olivia Carneiro
- Therapeutic Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Carleigh Oberkfell
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Anita Shukla
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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17
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Kim JS, Lim MC, Kim SM, Lee JY. Extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes as a biofilm control strategy for food-related microorganisms. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1745-1761. [PMID: 37780595 PMCID: PMC10533455 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the major problems in food industries and is difficult to be removed or prevented by conventional sanitizers. In this review, we discussed the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes as a strategy to control biofilms of foodborne pathogenic and food-contaminating bacteria. The biofilms can be degraded by using the enzymes targeting proteins, polysaccharides, extracellular DNA, or lipids which mainly constitute the extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. However, the efficacy of enzymes varies by the growth medium, bacterial species, strains, or counterpart microorganisms due to a high variation in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances. Several studies demonstrated that the combined treatment using conventional sanitizers or multiple enzymes can synergistically enhance the biofilm removal efficacies. In this review, the application of the immobilized enzymes on solid substrates is also discussed as a potential strategy to prevent biofilm formation on food contact surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Sung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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18
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Francis D, Veeramanickathadathil Hari G, Koonthanmala Subash A, Bhairaddy A, Joy A. The biofilm proteome of Staphylococcus aureus and its implications for therapeutic interventions to biofilm-associated infections. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:327-400. [PMID: 38220430 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major healthcare concern due to its ability to inflict life-threatening infections and evolve antibiotic resistance at an alarming pace. It is frequently associated with hospital-acquired infections, especially device-associated infections. Systemic infections due to S. aureus are difficult to treat and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The situation is worsened by the ability of S. aureus to form social associations called biofilms. Biofilms embed a community of cells with the ability to communicate with each other and share resources within a polysaccharide or protein matrix. S. aureus establish biofilms on tissues and conditioned abiotic surfaces. Biofilms are hyper-tolerant to antibiotics and help evade host immune responses. Biofilms exacerbate the severity and recalcitrance of device-associated infections. The development of a biofilm involves various biomolecules, such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids, contributing to different structural and functional roles. Interconnected signaling pathways and regulatory molecules modulate the expression of these molecules. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of biofilm development would help to devise effective anti-biofilm therapeutics. Although bactericidal agents, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nano-conjugated anti-biofilm agents have been employed with varying levels of success, there is still a requirement for effective and clinically viable anti-biofilm therapeutics. Proteins that are expressed and utilized during biofilm formation, constituting the biofilm proteome, are a particularly attractive target for anti-biofilm strategies. The proteome can be explored to identify potential anti-biofilm drug targets and utilized for rational drug discovery. With the aim of uncovering the biofilm proteome, this chapter explores the mechanism of biofilm formation and its regulation. Furthermore, it explores the antibiofilm therapeutics targeted against the biofilm proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Francis
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India.
| | | | | | - Anusha Bhairaddy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
| | - Atheene Joy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
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19
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Hoshi T, Watanabe K, Fukumura Y, Miyazaki K, Takahashi M, Taniguchi S, Wada N, Miura M, Kato S, Yamada K, Fujii S, Sato H. Effect of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Vancomycin on the Clinical Outcome of Enterococcus faecium Bacteremia. In Vivo 2023; 37:2197-2202. [PMID: 37652497 PMCID: PMC10500487 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Vancomycin (VCM) is an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of resistant bacteria. In patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, the clinical outcome differs according to the VCM minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates. However, the effect of VCM MIC on the clinical outcome is unclear for bacterial species other than MRSA. This study evaluated the relationship between the VCM MIC and clinical outcomes in patients with Enterococcus faecium bacteremia. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included patients who had E. faecium detected in at least one set of blood cultures between April 2011 and March 2022. The study assessed the outcome according to the VCM MIC. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate. Measures of interest included the initial serum concentration of VCM, MIC, the area under the curve (AUC), and the AUC over 24-48 hours (AUC24-48 h). RESULTS A total of 26 patients were included in the study, of whom 5 died and 21 survived. The 30-day mortality was higher in patients with higher MICs and lower serum albumin levels. Patients with a serum albumin level <2.0 mg/dl and a MIC ≥1 μg/ml had significantly shorter survival than those who did not (p=0.013, log-rank test). CONCLUSION The 30-day mortality rate of patients with E. faecium bacteremia is associated with the VCM MIC of E. faecium isolates and the patient's nutritional status. Patients with albumin <2 mg/dl and MIC ≥1 μg/ml may have a poor outcome and require careful clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Hoshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Fukumura
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Madoka Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakae Taniguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mika Miura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoya Kato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
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20
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Perry EK, Tan MW. Bacterial biofilms in the human body: prevalence and impacts on health and disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1237164. [PMID: 37712058 PMCID: PMC10499362 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1237164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can be found in most environments on our planet, and the human body is no exception. Consisting of microbial cells encased in a matrix of extracellular polymers, biofilms enable bacteria to sequester themselves in favorable niches, while also increasing their ability to resist numerous stresses and survive under hostile circumstances. In recent decades, biofilms have increasingly been recognized as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic infections. However, biofilms also occur in or on certain tissues in healthy individuals, and their constituent species are not restricted to canonical pathogens. In this review, we discuss the evidence for where, when, and what types of biofilms occur in the human body, as well as the diverse ways in which they can impact host health under homeostatic and dysbiotic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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Szepe CK, Kafle A, Bhattarai S, Handy ST, Farone MB. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Aurone-Derived Triazoles on Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1370. [PMID: 37760667 PMCID: PMC10525585 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria continue to pose a significant public health threat despite their overall decreasing numbers in the last two decades. One group of compounds fundamental to the search for new agents is low-cost natural products. In this study, we explored a group of newly synthesized novel aurone-derived triazole compounds to identify those with pharmaceutical potential as inhibitors of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Using the broth microdilution method, antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA) were identified for four aurone-derived triazole compounds, AT106, AT116, AT125, and AT137, using the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for the bacteria (IC50) and mammalian cell lines (CC50). Compounds AT125 and AT137 were identified to have pharmaceutical potential as the IC50 values against MRSA were 5.412 µM and 3.870 µM, whereas the CC50 values measured on HepG2 cells were 50.57 µM and 39.81 µM, respectively, resulting in selectivity indexes (SI) > 10. Compounds AT106 and AT116 were also selected for further study. IC50 values for these compounds were 5.439 µM and 3.178 µM, and the CC50 values were 60.33 µM and 50.87 µM, respectively; however, SI values > 10 were for MSSA only. Furthermore, none of the selected compounds showed significant hemolytic activity for human erythrocytes. We also tested the four compounds against S. aureus biofilms. Although AT116 and AT125 successfully disrupted MSSA biofilms, there was no measurable potency against MRSA biofilms. Checkerboard antibiotic assays to identify inhibitory mechanisms for these compounds indicated activity against bacterial cell membranes and cell walls, supporting the pharmaceutical potential for aurone-derived triazoles against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Examining structure-activity relationships between the four compounds in this study and other aurone-derived triazoles in our library suggest that substitution with a halogen on either the salicyl ring or triazole aryl group along with triazoles having nitrile groups improves anti-Staphylococcal activity with the location of the functionality being very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Klara Szepe
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (S.T.H.)
| | - Shrijana Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (S.T.H.)
| | - Scott T. Handy
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA (S.T.H.)
| | - Mary B. Farone
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
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Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Hospitalized Newborn Infants. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061050. [PMID: 36980357 PMCID: PMC10047632 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant challenge in healthcare management, and addressing it requires a comprehensive approach. In this study, we employed a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches, along with whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate five hospital-associated MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that were isolated from newborn infants. Our analysis revealed the following for the MDR-MRSA strains: SauR31 was resistant to three antimicrobial classes; SauR12, SauR91 and SauR110 were resistant to four antimicrobial classes; and SauR23 exhibited resistance to seven classes. All the MDR-MRSA strains were capable of producing slime and biofilms, harbored SCCmec type IV, and belonged to different spa types (t022, t032, and t548), with varying profiles for microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and virulence genes. The WGS data for the MDR SauR23 and SauR91 strains revealed that most of the antimicrobial resistance genes were present in the chromosomes, including blaZ, mecA, norA, lmrS, and sdrM, with only the ermC gene found in a small (<3 kb) plasmid. The presence of MDR-MRSA strains among neonates raises public concern, hence implementation of multifaceted interventions is recommended to address this issue. In addition, metadata is needed to improve the investigation of antimicrobial resistance genes in MDR isolates.
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Upadhyay A, Pal D, Kumar A. Combinatorial enzyme therapy: A promising neoteric approach for bacterial biofilm disruption. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Wang L, Wang H, Zhang H, Wu H. Formation of a biofilm matrix network shapes polymicrobial interactions. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:467-477. [PMID: 36639539 PMCID: PMC9938193 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the same ecological niche as many commensals. However, little is known about how such commensals modulate staphylococcal fitness and persistence. Here we report a new mechanism that mediates dynamic interactions between a commensal streptococcus and S. aureus. Commensal Streptococcus parasanguinis significantly increased the staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro and enhanced its colonization in vivo. A streptococcal biofilm-associated protein BapA1, not fimbriae-associated protein Fap1, is essential for dual-species biofilm formation. On the other side, three staphylococcal virulence determinants responsible for the BapA1-dependent dual-species biofilm formation were identified by screening a staphylococcal transposon mutant library. The corresponding staphylococcal mutants lacked binding to recombinant BapA1 (rBapA1) due to lower amounts of eDNA in their culture supernatants and were defective in biofilm formation with streptococcus. The rBapA1 selectively colocalized with eDNA within the dual-species biofilm and bound to eDNA in vitro, highlighting the contributions of the biofilm matrix formed between streptococcal BapA1 and staphylococcal eDNA to dual-species biofilm formation. These findings have revealed an additional new mechanism through which an interspecies biofilm matrix network mediates polymicrobial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 102218, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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eDNA Provides a Scaffold for Autoaggregation of B. subtilis in Bacterioplankton Suspension. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020332. [PMID: 36838297 PMCID: PMC9966259 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-binding of bacterial cells, or autoaggregation, is, together with surface colonization, one of the first steps in the formation of a mature biofilm. In this work, the autoaggregation of B. subtilis in dilute bacterial suspensions was studied. The dynamics of cell lysis, eDNA release, and bacterial autoaggregate assembly were determined and related to the spatial autocorrelation of bacterial cells in dilute planktonic bacterial suspensions. The non-random distribution of cells was associated with an eDNA network, which stabilized the initial bacterial cell-cell aggregates. Upon the addition of DNase I, the aggregates were dispersed. The release of eDNA during cell lysis allows for the entrapment of bacterial drifters at a radius several times the size of the dying bacteria. The size of bacterial aggregates increased from 2 to about 100 μm in diameter in dilute bacterial suspensions. The results suggest that B. subtilis cells form previously unnoticed continuum of autoaggregate structures during planktonic growth.
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Sugimoto S, Kinjo Y. Instantaneous Clearing of Biofilm (iCBiofilm): an optical approach to revisit bacterial and fungal biofilm imaging. Commun Biol 2023; 6:38. [PMID: 36690667 PMCID: PMC9870912 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-biofilm imaging at single-cell resolution is necessary for system-level analysis of cellular heterogeneity, identification of key matrix component functions and response to immune cells and antimicrobials. To this end, we developed a whole-biofilm clearing and imaging method, termed instantaneous clearing of biofilm (iCBiofilm). iCBiofilm is a simple, rapid, and efficient method involving the immersion of biofilm samples in a refractive index-matching medium, enabling instant whole-biofilm imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy. We also developed non-fixing iCBiofilm, enabling live and dynamic imaging of biofilm development and actions of antimicrobials. iCBiofilm is applicable for multicolor imaging of fluorescent proteins, immunostained matrix components, and fluorescence labeled cells in biofilms with a thickness of several hundred micrometers. iCBiofilm is scalable from bacterial to fungal biofilms and can be used to observe biofilm-neutrophil interactions. iCBiofilm therefore represents an important advance for examining the dynamics and functions of biofilms and revisiting bacterial and fungal biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Saidi N, Saderi H, Owlia P, Soleimani M. Anti-Biofilm Potential of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Cell-Free Supernatant Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 37057221 PMCID: PMC10086653 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_156_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilm production is an important virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the infections associated with biofilms of this bacterium are very difficult to treat using antibiotics. The present research studied the effects of the two probiotic Lactobacillus species L. casei and L. rhamnosus on S. aureus biofilm. Materials and Methods Cell-free supernatant (CFS) extracts of L. casei ATCC 39392 and L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 culture were prepared. The effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of the CFS extracts on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), initial attachment, biofilm formation, and their ability in eradicating S. aureus ATCC 33591 biofilms were assessed. In addition, the effects of CFS extracts on expression of the genes involved in formation of S. aureus biofilms (cidA, hld, sarA, icaA, and icaR) were also evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results CFSs of both Lactobacillus spp. significantly reduced CSH, initial attachment, and biofilm formation and eradicated the biofilms. The above findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy results. These two Lactobacillus CFSs significantly changed the expression of all studied biofilm-related genes. Expression levels of cidA, hld, and icaR genes significantly increased by 4.4, 2.3, and 4.76 fold, respectively, but sarA and icaA genes were significantly downregulated by 3.12 and 2.3 fold. Conclusion The results indicated that CFS extracts of L. casei and L. rhamnosus had desirable antagonistic and anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus. Consequently, carrying out further research enables us to prepare pharmaceuticals from these CFSs in order to prevent and treat infections caused by S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Saidi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Horieh Saderi
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Soleimani, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Etemadzadeh Street, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Avila-Novoa MG, Solis-Velazquez OA, Guerrero-Medina PJ, González-Gómez JP, González-Torres B, Velázquez-Suárez NY, Martínez-Chávez L, Martínez-Gonzáles NE, De la Cruz-Color L, Ibarra-Velázquez LM, Cardona-López MA, Robles-García MÁ, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M. Genetic and compositional analysis of biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food contact surfaces. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001700. [PMID: 36532477 PMCID: PMC9755592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can form biofilms on food contact surfaces (FCS) in the dairy industry, posing a serious food safety, and quality concern. Biofilm is a complex system, influenced by nutritional-related factors that regulate the synthesis of the components of the biofilm matrix. This study determines the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes and evaluates the development under different growth conditions and compositions of biofilms produced by S. aureus. METHODS Biofilms were developed in TSB, TSBG, TSBNaCl, and TSBGNaCl on stainless-steel (SS), with enumeration at 24 and 192 h visualized by epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of biofilms was determined using enzymatic and chemical treatments and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 84 S. aureus (SA1-SA84) strains were collected from 293 dairy industry FCS (FCS-stainless steel [n = 183] and FCS-polypropylene [n = 110]) for this study. The isolates harbored the genes sigB (66%), sar (53%), agrD (52%), clfB/clfA (38%), fnbA/fnbB (20%), and bap (9.5%). 99. In particular, the biofilm formed by bap-positive S. aureus onto SS showed a high cell density in all culture media at 192 h in comparison with the biofilms formed at 24 h (p < 0.05). Epifluorescence microscopy and SEM revealed the metabolically active cells and the different stages of biofilm formation. CLSM analysis detected extracellular polymeric of S. aureus biofilms on SS, such as eDNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Finally, the level of detachment on being treated with DNase I (44.7%) and NaIO 4(42.4%) was greater in the biofilms developed in TSB compared to culture medium supplemented with NaCl at 24 h; however, there was no significant difference when the culture medium was supplemented with glucose. In addition, after treatment with proteinase K, there was a lower level of biomass detachment (17.7%) of the biofilm developed in TSBNaCl (p < 0.05 at 24 h) compared to that in TSB, TSBG, and TSBGNaCl (33.6, 36.9, and 37.8%, respectively). These results represent a deep insight into the composition of S. aureus biofilms present in the dairy industry, which promotes the development of more efficient composition-specific disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre González-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Berenice González-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Noemí Yolanda Velázquez-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz María Ibarra-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Cardona-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Robles-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
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Rubio-Canalejas A, Baelo A, Herbera S, Blanco-Cabra N, Vukomanovic M, Torrents E. 3D spatial organization and improved antibiotic treatment of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Staphylococcus aureus wound biofilm by nanoparticle enzyme delivery. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959156. [PMID: 36466653 PMCID: PMC9708873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are a relevant health problem worldwide because these pathogens grow embedded in a network of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA, named biofilm, that hinders the transport of antibiotics and increases their antimicrobial tolerance. It is necessary to investigate therapies that improve the penetrability and efficacy of antibiotics. In this context, our main objectives were to study the relationship between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and how their relationship can affect the antimicrobial treatment and investigate whether functionalized silver nanoparticles can improve the antibiotic therapy. We used an optimized in vitro wound model that mimics an in vivo wound to co-culture P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm. The in vitro wound biofilm was treated with antimicrobial combinatory therapies composed of antibiotics (gentamycin and ciprofloxacin) and biofilm-dispersing free or silver nanoparticles functionalized with enzymes (α-amylase, cellulase, DNase I, or proteinase K) to study their antibiofilm efficacy. The interaction and colocalization of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in a wound-like biofilm were examined and detailed characterized by confocal and electronic microscopy. We demonstrated that antibiotic monotherapy is inefficient as it differentially affects the two bacterial species in the mixed biofilm, driving P. aeruginosa to overcome S. aureus when using ciprofloxacin and the contrary when using gentamicin. In contrast, dual-antibiotic therapy efficiently reduces both species while maintaining a balanced population. In addition, DNase I nanoparticle treatment had a potent antibiofilm effect, decreasing P. aeruginosa and S. aureus viability to 0.017 and 7.7%, respectively, in combined antibiotics. The results showed that using nanoparticles functionalized with DNase I enhanced the antimicrobial treatment, decreasing the bacterial viability more than using the antibiotics alone. The enzymes α-amylase and cellulase showed some antibiofilm effect but were less effective compared to the DNase I treatment. Proteinase K showed insignificant antibiofilm effect. Finally, we proposed a three-dimensional colocalization model consisting of S. aureus aggregates within the biofilm structure, which could be associated with the low efficacy of antibiofilm treatments on bacteria. Thus, designing a clinical treatment that combines antibiofilm enzymes and antibiotics may be essential to eliminating chronic wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rubio-Canalejas
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Baelo
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Herbera
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marija Vukomanovic
- Advanced Materials Department, Institute Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Gajewska J, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A. Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196569. [PMID: 36235105 PMCID: PMC9573400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheeses produced from unpasteurized milk by traditional production methods may contain many groups of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of S. aureus in the artisanal cheese production chain from unpasteurized milk. We investigated the prevalence of S. aureus strains isolated from various stages of artisanal cheese of unpasteurized milk production from farms in the northeastern and southern parts of Poland and characterized them. Characterization included antimicrobial susceptibility by microbroth dilution and biofilm formation by in vitro assay. Among all strains, the presence of enterotoxigenic genes and genes involved with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance were screened by PCR-based methods. A total of 180 samples were examined. A high percentage of strains were resistant to penicillin (54/58.1%) and tobramycin (32/34.4%). Some tested isolates also showed resistance to the macrolide class of antibiotics: azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin at 17/18.3%, 15/16.1%, and 21/22.6%, respectively. Among tested isolates, we also found phenotypic resistance to oxacillin (9/9.7%) and cefoxitin (12/12.9%). The blaZ gene encoding penicillin resistance was the most common gene encoding antibiotic resistance among the tested strains. All isolates showing phenotypic resistance to cefoxitin possessed the mecA gene. The study also evaluated the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes, with eno the most frequently associated gene. Eighty-nine out of 93 S. aureus isolates (95.7%) possessed at least one enterotoxin-encoding gene. The results of this study showed that production of raw milk cheeses may be a source of antibiotic resistance and virulent S. aureus. Our results suggest that artisanal cheese producers should better control production hygiene.
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Influence of Environmental Factors on Biofilm Formation of Staphylococci Isolated from Wastewater and Surface Water. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101069. [PMID: 36297126 PMCID: PMC9611571 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of biofilms can negatively affect several different areas, such as the food industry, environment, and biomedical sectors. Conditions under which bacteria grow and develop, such as temperature, nutrients, and pH, among others, can largely influence biofilm production. Staphylococcus species survive in the natural environment due to their tolerance to a wide range of temperatures, dryness, dehydration, and low water activity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of external environmental factors on the formation of biofilm of staphylococci isolated from hospital wastewater and surface waters. We investigated the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) under various temperatures, pH values, salt concentrations, glucose concentrations, and under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. CoNS had the ability to produce more biofilm biomass than MSSA and MRSA. All environmental factors studied influenced the biofilm formation of staphylococci isolates after 24 h of incubation. Higher biofilm formation was achieved at 4% of NaCl and 0.5% of glucose for MSSA and CoNS, and 1% of NaCl and 1.5% of glucose for MRSA isolates. Biofilm formation of isolates was greater at 25 °C and 37 °C than at 10 °C and 4 °C. pH values between 6 and 8 led to more robust biofilm formation than pH levels of 9 and 5. Although staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, biofilm formation was higher in the presence of oxygen. The results demonstrated that multiple environmental factors affect staphylococci biofilm formation. Different conditions affect differently the biofilm formation of MRSA, MSSA, and CoNS strains.
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Pereira LMG, Andrade ARCD, Portela FVM, Aguiar ALR, Silva BND, Moura SGB, Pergentino MLM, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJDC, Castelo Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA. Heterologous extracellular DNA facilitates the development of Trichosporon asahii and T. inkin biofilms and enhances their tolerance to antifungals. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:778-785. [PMID: 36210505 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2130788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii and T. inkin are emergent agents of deep-seated and disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) and the enzyme deoxyribonuclease (DNase) on the structure of T. asahii and T. inkin biofilms, as well as to examine their effect on the susceptibility to antifungals. Biofilms reached maturity at 48 h; eDNA concentration in the supernatant increased over time (6 < 24 h < 48h). Exogenous eDNA increased biomass of Trichosporon biofilms at all stages of development, enhanced their tolerance to antifungals and improved their structural complexity. DNase reduced biomass, biovolume and thickness of Trichosporon biofilms, thereby rendering them more susceptibility to voriconazole. The results suggest the relevance of eDNA in the structure and antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon biofilms and highlight the potential of DNase as adjuvant in biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Small-Molecule-Induced Activation of Cellular Respiration Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Triggers Metabolic Remodeling in Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2022; 13:e0084522. [PMID: 35852317 PMCID: PMC9426486 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00845-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major pathogen of community-acquired and nosocomial-associated infections, forms biofilms consisting of extracellular matrix-embedded cell aggregates. S. aureus biofilm formation on implanted medical devices can cause local and systemic infections due to the dispersion of cells from the biofilms. Usually, conventional antibiotic treatments are not effective against biofilm-related infections, and there is no effective treatment other than removing the contaminated devices. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents to combat biofilm-related infections is urgently needed. We conducted high-throughput screening of S. aureus biofilm inhibitors and obtained a small compound, JBD1. JBD1 strongly inhibits biofilm formation of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains. In addition, JBD1 activated the respiratory activity of S. aureus cells and increased the sensitivity to aminoglycosides. Furthermore, it was shown that the metabolic profile of S. aureus was significantly altered in the presence of JBD1 and that metabolic remodeling was induced. Surprisingly, these JBD1-induced phenotypes were blocked by adding an excess amount of the electron carrier menaquinone to suppress respiratory activation. These results indicate that JBD1 induces biofilm inhibition and metabolic remodeling through respiratory activation. This study demonstrates that compounds that enhance the respiratory activity of S. aureus may be potential leads in the development of therapeutic agents for chronic S. aureus-biofilm-related infections.
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Cressey P, Bronstein LG, Benmahmoudi R, Rosilio V, Regeard C, Makky A. Novel liposome-like assemblies composed of phospholipid-porphyrin conjugates with photothermal and photodynamic activities against bacterial biofilms. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121915. [PMID: 35716977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid-Porphyrin (PL-Por) conjugates are unique building blocks that can self assemble into liposome-like structures with improved photophysical properties compared to their monomeric counterparts. The high packing density of porphyrin moieties enables these assemblies to exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency as well as photodynamic activity. Thus, PL-Por conjugates assemblies can be used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) applications against resistant bacteria and biofilms. In order to tune the PD/PT properties of such nanosystems, we developed six different supramolecular assemblies composed of newly synthesized PL-Por conjugates bearing either pheophorbide-a (PhxLPC) or pyropheophorbide-a (PyrxLPC) photosensitizers (PSs) for combined PDT/PTT against planktonic bacteria and their biofilms. In this study, the influence of the chemical structure of the phospholipid backbone as well as that of the PS on the photothermal conversion efficiency, the photodynamic activity and the stability of these assemblies in biological medium were determined. Then their antimicrobial efficiency was assessed on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa planktonic cultures and biofilms. The two studied systems show almost the same photothermal effect against planktonic cultures and biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. However, PhxLPC vesicles exhibit superior photodynamic activity, making them the best combination for PTT/PDT. Such results highlight the higher potential of the photodynamic activity of PL-Por nanoassemblies compared to their photothermal conversion in combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cressey
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Louis-Gabriel Bronstein
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Rayene Benmahmoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Rosilio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Christophe Regeard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France..
| | - Ali Makky
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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Thymol Reduces agr-Mediated Virulence Factor Phenol-Soluble Modulin Production in Staphylococcus aureus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8221622. [PMID: 35586806 PMCID: PMC9110180 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8221622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human bacterial pathogen that carries a large number of virulence factors. Many virulence factors of S. aureus are regulated by the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum-sensing system. Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are one of the agr-mediated virulence determinants known to play a significant role in S. aureus pathogenesis. In the present study, the efficacy of thymol to inhibit PSM production including δ-toxin in S. aureus was explored. We employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to quantify the PSMsα1-PSMα4, PSMβ1 and PSMβ2, and δ-toxin production from culture supernatants. We found that thymol at 0.5 MIC (128 μg/mL) significantly reduced the PSMα and δ-toxin production in S. aureus WKZ-1, WKZ-2, LAC USA300, and ATCC29213. Downregulation in transcription by quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR analysis of response regulator agrA and receptor histidine kinase agrC upon 0.5 MIC thymol treatment affirmed the results of LC-MS quantification of PSMs. In silico molecular docking analysis demonstrated the binding affinity of thymol with receptors AgrA and AgrC. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed no ultrastructural alterations (cell wall and membrane) in thymol-treated WKZ-1 and WKZ-2 S. aureus strains. Here, we demonstrated that thymol reduces various PSM production in S. aureus clinical isolates and reference strains with mass spectrometry.
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Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms via crystal violet binding and biochemical composition assays of isolates from hospitals, raw meat, and biofilm-associated gene mutants. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sivori F, Cavallo I, Kovacs D, Guembe M, Sperduti I, Truglio M, Pasqua M, Prignano G, Mastrofrancesco A, Toma L, Pimpinelli F, Morrone A, Ensoli F, Di Domenico EG. Role of Extracellular DNA in Dalbavancin Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilms in Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0035122. [PMID: 35416701 PMCID: PMC9045124 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00351-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Biofilm production further complicates patient treatment, contributing to increased bacterial persistence and antibiotic tolerance. The study aimed to explore the efficacy of different antibiotics on biofilm-producing MRSA isolated from patients with SSTI. A total of 32 MRSA strains were collected from patients with SSTI. The MIC and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were measured in planktonic and biofilm growth. The study showed that dalbavancin, linezolid, and vancomycin all inhibited MRSA growth at their EUCAST susceptible breakpoint. Of the MRSA strains, 87.5% (n = 28) were strong biofilm producers (SBPs), while only 12.5% (n = 4) were weak biofilm producers (WBPs). The MBEC90 values for dalbavancin were significantly lower than those of linezolid and vancomycin in all tested strains. We also found that extracellular DNA (eDNA) contributes to the initial microbial attachment and biofilm formation. The amount of eDNA differed among MRSA strains and was significantly higher in those isolates with high dalbavancin and vancomycin tolerance. Exogenously added DNA increased the MBEC90 and protection of biofilm cells from dalbavancin activity. Of note, the relative abundance of eDNA was higher in MRSA biofilms exposed to MBEC90 dalbavancin than in untreated MRSA biofilms and those exposed to sub-MIC90. Overall, dalbavancin was the most active antibiotic against MRSA biofilms at concentrations achievable in the human serum. Moreover, the evidence of a drug-related increase of eDNA and its contribution to antimicrobial drug tolerance reveals novel potential targets for antibiofilm strategies against MRSA. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) worldwide. In addition, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is increasingly frequent in postoperative infections and responsible for a large number of hospital readmissions and deaths. Biofilm formation by S. aureus is a primary risk factor in SSTIs, due to a higher antibiotic tolerance. Our study showed that the biofilm-forming capacity varied among MRSA strains, although strong biofilm producers were significantly more abundant than weak biofilm producer strains. Notably, dalbavancin demonstrated a potent antibiofilm activity at concentrations achievable in human serum. Nevertheless, dalbavancin activity was affected by an increased concentration of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix. This study provides novel insight for designing more targeted therapeutic strategies against MRSA and to prevent or eradicate harmful biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sivori
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Guembe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistical Unit-Clinical Trials Center, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pasqua
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Prignano
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Toma
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ensoli
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Ran M, Gounani Z, Yan J, Rosenholm JM, Zhang H. Ca
2+
enhanced photosensitizer/DNase I nanocomposite mediated bacterial eradication through biofilm disruption and photothermal therapy. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meixin Ran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Åbo Akademi University Turku 20520 Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University Turku 20520 Finland
| | - Zahra Gounani
- Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi Turku 20500 Finland
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Åbo Akademi University Turku 20520 Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University Turku 20520 Finland
| | | | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Åbo Akademi University Turku 20520 Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University Turku 20520 Finland
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Chiba A, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Kinjo Y, Mizunoe Y, Sugimoto S. Staphylococcus aureus utilizes environmental RNA as a building material in specific polysaccharide-dependent biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 35379830 PMCID: PMC8980062 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-bound microbial communities that are typically embedded in a matrix of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances and can cause chronic infections. Extracellular DNA is known to play a crucial role in biofilm development in diverse bacteria; however, the existence and function of RNA are poorly understood. Here, we show that RNA contributes to the structural integrity of biofilms formed by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. RNase A dispersed both fresh and mature biofilms, indicating the importance of RNA at various stages. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that the primary source of RNA in the biofilm matrix was the Brain Heart Infusion medium (>99.32%). RNA purified from the medium promoted biofilm formation. Microscopic and molecular interaction analyses demonstrated that polysaccharides were critical for capturing and stabilizing external RNA in biofilms, which contributes to biofilm organization. These findings provide a basis for exploring the role of externally derived substances in bacterial biofilm organization.
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Biofilm Formation by Pathogenic Bacteria: Applying a Staphylococcus aureus Model to Appraise Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040388. [PMID: 35456063 PMCID: PMC9027693 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carried in the nasal passages by up to 30% of humans, Staphylococcus aureus is recognized to be a successful opportunistic pathogen. It is a frequent cause of infections of the upper respiratory tract, including sinusitis, and of the skin, typically abscesses, as well as of food poisoning and medical device contamination. The antimicrobial resistance of such, often chronic, health conditions is underpinned by the unique structure of bacterial biofilm, which is the focus of increasing research to try to overcome this serious public health challenge. Due to the protective barrier of an exopolysaccharide matrix, bacteria that are embedded within biofilm are highly resistant both to an infected individual’s immune response and to any treating antibiotics. An in-depth appraisal of the stepwise progression of biofilm formation by S. aureus, used as a model infection for all cases of bacterial antibiotic resistance, has enhanced understanding of this complicated microscopic structure and served to highlight possible intervention targets for both patient cure and community infection control. While antibiotic therapy offers a practical means of treatment and prevention, the most favorable results are achieved in combination with other methods. This review provides an overview of S. aureus biofilm development, outlines the current range of anti-biofilm agents that are used against each stage and summarizes their relative merits.
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Brilhante RSN, Lopes RGP, de Aguiar L, de Oliveira JS, Araújo GDS, Paixão GC, Pereira-Neto WDA, Freire RS, Nunes JVS, de Lima RP, Santos FA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Inhibitory effect of proteinase K against dermatophyte biofilms: an alternative for increasing the antifungal effects of terbinafine and griseofulvin. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:286-297. [PMID: 35450473 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2063720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of proteinase K on mature biofilms of dermatophytes, by assays of metabolic activity and biomass. In addition, the proteinase K-terbinafine and proteinase K-griseofulvin interactions against these biofilms were investigated by the checkerboard assay and scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The biofilms exposed to 32 µg ml-1 of proteinase K had lower metabolic activity and biomass, by 39% and 38%, respectively. Drug interactions were synergistic, with proteinase K reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungals against dermatophyte biofilms at a concentration of 32 µg ml-1 combined with 128-256 µg ml-1 of terbinafine and griseofulvin. Microscopic images showed a reduction in biofilms exposed to proteinase K, proteinase K-terbinafine and proteinase K-griseofulvin combinations. These findings demonstrate that proteinase K has activity against biofilms of dermatophytes, and the interactions of proteinase K with terbinafine and griseofulvin improve the activity of drugs against mature dermatophyte biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raissa Geovanna Pereira Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lara de Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dos Santos Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Germana Costa Paixão
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosemayre Souza Freire
- Analytical Centre, Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João Victor Serra Nunes
- Analytical Centre, Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renan Pereira de Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialised Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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de Vor L, van Dijk B, van Kessel K, Kavanaugh JS, de Haas C, Aerts PC, Viveen MC, Boel EC, Fluit AC, Kwiecinski JM, Krijger GC, Ramakers RM, Beekman FJ, Dadachova E, Lam MGEH, Vogely HC, van der Wal BCH, van Strijp JAG, Horswill AR, Weinans H, Rooijakkers SHM. Human monoclonal antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens recognize in vitro and in vivo biofilm. eLife 2022; 11:e67301. [PMID: 34989676 PMCID: PMC8751199 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections are difficult to treat because of biofilm formation. Bacteria in a biofilm are often insensitive to antibiotics and host immunity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could provide an alternative approach to improve the diagnosis and potential treatment of biofilm-related infections. Here, we show that mAbs targeting common surface components of S. aureus can recognize clinically relevant biofilm types. The mAbs were also shown to bind a collection of clinical isolates derived from different biofilm-associated infections (endocarditis, prosthetic joint, catheter). We identify two groups of antibodies: one group that uniquely binds S. aureus in biofilm state and one that recognizes S. aureus in both biofilm and planktonic state. Furthermore, we show that a mAb recognizing wall teichoic acid (clone 4497) specifically localizes to a subcutaneously implanted pre-colonized catheter in mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate the capacity of several human mAbs to detect S. aureus biofilms in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Bruce van Dijk
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jeffrey S Kavanaugh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Carla de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Piet C Aerts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Marco C Viveen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Edwin C Boel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ad C Fluit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jakub M Kwiecinski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Gerard C Krijger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ruud M Ramakers
- MILabs B.VUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical CenterUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - Freek J Beekman
- MILabs B.VUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical CenterUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada
| | - Marnix GEH Lam
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - H Charles Vogely
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Bart CH van der Wal
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jos AG van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care SystemDenverUnited States
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Biomechanical engineering, TU DelftDelftNetherlands
| | - Suzan HM Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
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The de novo Purine Biosynthesis Pathway Is the Only Commonly Regulated Cellular Pathway during Biofilm Formation in TSB-Based Medium in Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0080421. [PMID: 34935415 PMCID: PMC8693917 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00804-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are involved in chronic infections and confer 10 to 1,000 times more resistance to antibiotics compared with planktonic growth, leading to complications and treatment failure. When transitioning from a planktonic lifestyle to biofilms, some Gram-positive bacteria are likely to modulate several cellular pathways, including central carbon metabolism, biosynthesis pathways, and production of secondary metabolites. These metabolic adaptations might play a crucial role in biofilm formation by Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Here, we performed a transcriptomic approach to identify cellular pathways that might be similarly regulated during biofilm formation in these bacteria. Different strains and biofilm-inducing media were used to identify a set of regulated genes that are common and independent of the environment or accessory genomes analyzed. Our approach highlighted that the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in biofilms of both species when using a tryptone soy broth-based medium but not so when a brain heart infusion-based medium was used. We did not identify other pathways commonly regulated between both pathogens. Gene deletions and usage of a drug targeting a key enzyme showed the importance of this pathway in biofilm formation of S. aureus. The importance of the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway might reflect an important need for purine during biofilm establishment, and thus could constitute a promising drug target. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are often involved in nosocomial infections and can cause serious chronic infections if not treated properly. Current anti-biofilm strategies rely on antibiotic usage, but they have a limited impact because of the biofilm intrinsic tolerance to drugs. Metabolism remodeling likely plays a central role during biofilm formation. Using comparative transcriptomics of different strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, we determined that almost all cellular adaptations are not shared between strains and species. Interestingly, we observed that the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway was upregulated during biofilm formation by both species in a specific medium. The requirement for purine could constitute an interesting new anti-biofilm target with a wide spectrum that could also prevent resistance evolution. These results are also relevant to a better understanding of the physiology of biofilm formation.
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Probiotics as Therapeutic Tools against Pathogenic Biofilms: Have We Found the Perfect Weapon? MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial populations inhabiting a variety of natural and human-associated niches have the ability to grow in the form of biofilms. A large part of pathological chronic conditions, and essentially all the bacterial infections associated with implanted medical devices or prosthetics, are caused by microorganisms embedded in a matrix made of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Biofilm infections are generally characterized by a slow onset, mild symptoms, tendency to chronicity, and refractory response to antibiotic therapy. Even though the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses have been deeply clarified, effective means to fight biofilms are still required. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), used as probiotics, are emerging as powerful weapons to prevent adhesion, biofilm formation, and control overgrowth of pathogens. Hence, using probiotics or their metabolites to quench and interrupt bacterial communication and aggregation, and to interfere with biofilm formation and stability, might represent a new frontier in clinical microbiology and a valid alternative to antibiotic therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the experimental and therapeutic applications of LAB to interfere with biofilm formation or disrupt the stability of pathogenic biofilms.
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Yang T, Yang S, Ahmed T, Nguyen K, Yu J, Cao X, Zan R, Zhang X, Shen H, Fay ME, Williams EK, Lam WA, VanEpps JS, Takayama S, Song Y. Dosage-dependent antimicrobial activity of DNA-histone microwebs against Staphylococcus aureus. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2021; 8:2100717. [PMID: 34540532 PMCID: PMC8447838 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is an antimicrobial cobweb-structured material produced by immune cells for clearance of pathogens in the body, but paradoxically associated with biofilm formation and exacerbated lung infections. To provide a better materials perspective on the pleiotropic roles played by NETs at diverse compositions/concentrations, a NETs-like material (called 'microwebs', abbreviated as μwebs) is synthesized for decoding the antimicrobial activity of NETs against Staphylococcus aureus in infection-relevant conditions. We show that μwebs composed of low-to-intermediate concentrations of DNA-histone complexes successfully trap and inhibit S. aureus growth and biofilm formation. However, with growing concentrations and histone proportions, the resulting microwebs appear gel-like structures accompanied by reduced antimicrobial activity that can even promote formation of S. aureus biofilms. Our simplified model of NETs provides a materials-based evidence on NETs-relevant pathology in the development of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tasdiq Ahmed
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Katherine Nguyen
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai No.6 People's hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuejun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai No.6 People's hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Evelyn Kendall Williams
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - J Scott VanEpps
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Extracellular DNA (eDNA). A Major Ubiquitous Element of the Bacterial Biofilm Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169100. [PMID: 34445806 PMCID: PMC8396552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After the first ancient studies on microbial slime (the name by which the biofilm matrix was initially indicated), multitudes of studies on the morphology, composition and physiology of biofilms have arisen. The emergence of the role that biofilms play in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant and persistent clinical infections, such as periprosthetic orthopedic infections, has reinforced scientific interest. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a recently uncovered component that is proving to be almost omnipresent in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilm. This macromolecule is eliciting unprecedented consideration for the critical impact on the pathogenesis of chronic clinical infections. After a systematic review of the literature, an updated description of eDNA in biofilms is presented, with a special focus on the latest findings regarding its fundamental structural role and the contribution it makes to the complex architecture of bacterial biofilms through interactions with a variety of other molecular components of the biofilm matrix.
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Manoharan A, Das T, Whiteley GS, Glasbey T, Kriel FH, Manos J. The effect of N-acetylcysteine in a combined antibiofilm treatment against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1787-1798. [PMID: 32363384 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO declared Staphylococcus aureus as a 'pathogen of high importance' in 2017. One-fifth of all bloodstream-related infections in Australia and 12 000 cases of bacteraemia in the UK (2017-18) were caused by the MRSA variant. To address the need for novel therapies, we investigated several permutations of an innovative combination therapy containing N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antibiotic and an enzyme of choice in eradicating MRSA and MSSA biofilms. METHODS Biofilm viability (resazurin assay) and colony count methods were used to investigate the effect of NAC, antibiotics and enzymes on S. aureus biofilm disruption and killing. The effects of NAC and enzymes on the polysaccharide content of biofilm matrices were analysed using the phenol/sulphuric acid method and the effect of NAC on DNA cleavage was determined using the Qubit fluorometer technique. Changes in biofilm architecture when subjected to NAC and enzymes were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS NAC alone displayed bacteriostatic effects when tested on planktonic bacterial growth. Combination treatments containing 30 mM NAC resulted in ≥90% disruption of biofilms across all MRSA and MSSA strains with a 2-3 log10 decrease in cfu/mL in treated biofilms. CLSM showed that NAC treatment drastically disrupted S. aureus biofilm architecture. There was also reduced polysaccharide production in MRSA biofilms in the presence of NAC. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that inclusion of NAC in a combination treatment is a promising strategy for S. aureus biofilm eradication. The intrinsic acidity of NAC was identified as key to maximum biofilm disruption and degradation of matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthika Manoharan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Theerthankar Das
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Trevor Glasbey
- Whiteley Corporation, 19-23 Laverick Avenue, Tomago NSW 2319, Australia
| | - Frederik H Kriel
- Whiteley Corporation, 19-23 Laverick Avenue, Tomago NSW 2319, Australia
| | - Jim Manos
- Whiteley Corporation, 19-23 Laverick Avenue, Tomago NSW 2319, Australia
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Lim ES, Baek SY, Oh T, Koo M, Lee JY, Kim HJ, Kim JS. Strain variation in Bacillus cereus biofilms and their susceptibility to extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245708. [PMID: 34133441 PMCID: PMC8208538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen and can form biofilms on food contact surfaces, which causes food hygiene problems. While it is necessary to understand strain-dependent variation to effectively control these biofilms, strain-to-strain variation in the structure of B. cereus biofilms is poorly understood. In this study, B. cereus strains from tatsoi (BC4, BC10, and BC72) and the ATCC 10987 reference strain were incubated at 30°C to form biofilms in the presence of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes DNase I, proteinase K, dispase II, cellulase, amyloglucosidase, and α-amylase to assess the susceptibility to these enzymes. The four strains exhibited four different patterns in terms of biofilm susceptibility to the enzymes as well as morphology of surface-attached biofilms or suspended cell aggregates. DNase I inhibited the biofilm formation of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 but not of strains BC10 and BC72. This result suggests that some strains may not have extracellular DNA, or their extracellular DNA may be protected in their biofilms. In addition, the strains exhibited different patterns of susceptibility to protein- and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. While other strains were resistant, strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 were susceptible to cellulase, suggesting that cellulose or its similar polysaccharides may exist and play an essential role in their biofilm formation. Our compositional and imaging analyses of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 suggested that the physicochemical properties of their biofilms are distinct, as calculated by the carbohydrate to protein ratio. Taken together, our study suggests that the extracellular matrix of B. cereus biofilms may be highly diverse and provides insight into the diverse mechanisms of biofilm formation among B. cereus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seob Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Youb Baek
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Oh
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseon Koo
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJK); (JSK)
| | - Joo-Sung Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJK); (JSK)
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Lawal OU, Barata M, Fraqueza MJ, Worning P, Bartels MD, Goncalves L, Paixão P, Goncalves E, Toscano C, Empel J, Urbaś M, Domiìnguez MA, Westh H, de Lencastre H, Miragaia M. Staphylococcus saprophyticus From Clinical and Environmental Origins Have Distinct Biofilm Composition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663768. [PMID: 34163443 PMCID: PMC8216562 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation has been shown to be critical to the success of uropathogens. Although Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of urinary tract infections, its biofilm production capacity, composition, genetic basis, and origin are poorly understood. We investigated biofilm formation in a large and diverse collection of S. saprophyticus (n = 422). Biofilm matrix composition was assessed in representative strains (n = 63) belonging to two main S. saprophyticus lineages (G and S) recovered from human infection, colonization, and food-related environment using biofilm detachment approach. To identify factors that could be associated with biofilm formation and structure variation, we used a pangenome-wide association study approach. Almost all the isolates (91%; n = 384/422) produced biofilm. Among the 63 representative strains, we identified eight biofilm matrix phenotypes, but the most common were composed of protein or protein-extracellular DNA (eDNA)-polysaccharides (38%, 24/63 each). Biofilms containing protein-eDNA-polysaccharides were linked to lineage G and environmental isolates, whereas protein-based biofilms were produced by lineage S and infection isolates (p < 0.05). Putative biofilm-associated genes, namely, aas, atl, ebpS, uafA, sasF, sasD, sdrH, splE, sdrE, sdrC, sraP, and ica genes, were found with different frequencies (3-100%), but there was no correlation between their presence and biofilm production or matrix types. Notably, icaC_1 was ubiquitous in the collection, while icaR was lineage G-associated, and only four strains carried a complete ica gene cluster (icaADBCR) except one that was without icaR. We provided evidence, using a comparative genomic approach, that the complete icaADBCR cluster was acquired multiple times by S. saprophyticus and originated from other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Overall, the composition of S. saprophyticus biofilms was distinct in environmental and clinical isolates, suggesting that modulation of biofilm structure could be a key step in the pathogenicity of these bacteria. Moreover, biofilm production in S. saprophyticus is ica-independent, and the complete icaADBCR was acquired from other staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi U. Lawal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Barata
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Fraqueza
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peder Worning
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mette D. Bartels
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Empel
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, Narodowy Instytut Leków, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Urbaś
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, Narodowy Instytut Leków, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Henrik Westh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- The Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Miragaia
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Svarcova V, Zdenkova K, Sulakova M, Demnerova K, Pazlarova J. Contribution to determination of extracellular DNA origin in the biofilm matrix. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:652-661. [PMID: 33997991 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study is focused on the analysis of extracellular DNA (eDNA) from a biofilm matrix formed by Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. The presence of eDNA in the biofilm of all the studied strains was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using fluorescent dyes with high affinity to nucleic acid. The protocol for eDNA isolation from the biofilm matrix was established, and subsequent characterization of the eDNA was performed. The purified eDNA obtained from the biofilm matrix of all three microorganisms was compared to the genomic DNA (gDNA) isolated from relevant planktonic grown cells. The process of eDNA isolation consisted of biofilm cultivation, its collection, sonication, membrane filtration, dialysis, lyophilisation, and extraction of DNA separated from the biofilm matrix with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. An amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used for comparing eDNA and gDNA. AFLP profiles showed a significant similarity between eDNA and gDNA at the strain level. The highest similarity, with a profile concordance rate of 94.7% per strain, was observed for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica exhibited lower profiles similarity (78% and 60%, respectively). The obtained results support the hypothesis that the eDNA of studied bacterial species has its origin in the gDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Svarcova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Zdenkova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Sulakova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Pazlarova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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