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Ruiz-Herrera N, Friedman M, St. Hilaire MA, Arrona-Palacios A, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. Time of Day and Sleep Deprivation Effects on Risky Decision Making. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:281-290. [PMID: 38920421 PMCID: PMC11202614 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that daily variations in human neurobehavioral functions are driven in part by the endogenous circadian system. The objective of this study was to explore whether there exists a circadian influence on performance regarding a risky decision-making task and to determine whether the performance changes with sleep deprivation (SD). Thirteen participants underwent a 39 h constant routine (CR) protocol, during which they remained awake in constant conditions and performed the BART (balloon analogue risk task) every two hours. The mean pumps (gains) (p < 0.001) and balloons popped (losses) (p = 0.003) exhibited variation during the CR. The reaction time (RT) also showed significant variation across the CR (p < 0.001), with slower mean RTs in the morning hours following SD. A greater risk propensity was observed around midday before SD and a lower risk propensity after 29.5 h of being awake. The sensitivity to punishment varied during the CR, but did not follow a predictable trend. Further research using real monetary incentives and neurophysiological measures is warranted to elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ruiz-Herrera
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mia Friedman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
| | - Melissa A. St. Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Engineering and Computational Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gao C, Lage C, Scullin MK. Medical malpractice litigation and daylight saving time. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:933-940. [PMID: 38445709 PMCID: PMC11145060 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Daylight saving time (DST) constitutes a natural quasi-experiment to examine the influence of mild sleep loss and circadian misalignment. We investigated the acute effects of spring transition into DST and the chronic effects of DST (compared to standard time) on medical malpractice claims in the United States over 3 decades. METHODS We analyzed 288,432 malpractice claims from the National Practitioner Data Bank. To investigate the acute effects of spring DST transition, we compared medical malpractice incidents/decisions 1 week before spring DST transition, 1 week following spring DST transition, and the rest of the year. To investigate the chronic effects of DST months, we compared medical malpractice incidents/decisions averaged across the 7-8 months of DST vs the 4-5 months of standard time. RESULTS With regard to acute effects, spring DST transitions were significantly associated with higher payment decisions but not associated with the severity of medical incidents. With regard to chronic effects, the 7-8 DST months were associated with higher average payments and worse severity of incidents than the 4-5 standard time months. CONCLUSIONS The mild sleep loss and circadian misalignment associated with DST may influence the incidence of medical errors and decisions on medical malpractice payments both acutely and chronically. CITATION Gao C, Lage C, Scullin MK. Medical malpractice litigation and daylight saving time. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):933-940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Candice Lage
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Michael K. Scullin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
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Ouyang M, Chen T, Chen J, Liu C, Luo H, Yang S, Liao W. The association between sleep duration, bedtime, and cognitive ability in Chinese adults: Evidence from the China family panel studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30009. [PMID: 38737242 PMCID: PMC11088265 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dementia is marked by a steady decline or worsening in cognitive abilities, affecting memory, logic, and social competencies. While many studies suggest a potential link between the amount of sleep and dementia risk, the outcomes are not yet consistent. This research delved into the relationship between sleep length and bedtime on cognitive abilities using an extensive dataset from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020. Methods Data from 175,702 observations were collected, including cognitive function test data from 22,848 participants. Various cognitive tests were used to assess cognitive function. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used for data analysis. Results The optimal sleep duration for cognitive function was found to be 6-7 h, and the optimal bedtime was generally between 22:00-23:00. Longitudinal analysis revealed that sleep duration four years prior had a significant impact on current cognitive function. After accounting for various factors, those who slept for 7-8 h and over 8 h displayed lower cognitive function scores. Conversely, individuals sleeping less than 6 h had higher scores on the Vocabulary Test. Bedtime before 22:00 was associated with lower scores on the Vocabulary Test and Mathematical Test. Subgroup analyses based on age, gender, and urban residence showed variations in optimal sleep duration for different populations. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis supported the findings. Conclusions Maintaining a sleep duration of 6-7 h and a regular bedtime between 22:00-23:00 is important for optimizing cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Ouyang
- Department of Economics, Guangdong Institute of Public Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Structural Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongxu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Krizan Z, Jones M. Investigative fatigue: how sleep-circadian factors shape criminal investigations. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae017. [PMID: 38559774 PMCID: PMC10980285 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Investigating criminal complaints and identifying culprits to be prosecuted in the court of law is an essential process for law-enforcement and public safety. However, law-enforcement investigators operate under very challenging conditions due to stressful environments, understaffing, and public scrutiny, which factors into investigative errors (e.g. uncleared cases). This paper argues that one contributing factor to investigative failures involves sleep and circadian disruption of investigators themselves, known to be prevalent among law-enforcement. By focusing on investigative interviewing, this analysis illustrates how sleep and circadian disruption could impact investigations by considering three broad phases of (1) preparation, (2) information elicitation, and (3) assessment and corroboration. These phases are organized in a framework that outlines theory-informed pathways in need of empirical attention, with special focus on effort and decision-making processes critical to investigations. While existing evidence is limited, preliminary findings support some elements of investigative fatigue. The paper concludes by placing investigative fatigue in a broader context of investigative work while providing recommendations for future research throughout. This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Health in the Justice System Collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatan Krizan
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Aeschbach D, Cohen DA, Lockyer BJ, Chellappa SL, Klerman EB. Spontaneous attentional failures reflect multiplicative interactions of chronic sleep loss with acute sleep loss and circadian misalignment. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S89-S95. [PMID: 37689503 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute and chronic sleep loss and circadian timing interact such that, depending on their combination, small or very large performance decrements are observed in tasks of attention. Here, we tested whether such nonlinear interactions extend to a physiological measure of spontaneous visual attentional failures, indicating a fundamental principle of sleep-wake regulation. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers completed an in-laboratory 3-week forced desynchrony protocol consisting of 12 consecutive 42.85-hour cycles with a sleep-wake ratio of 1:3.3. The protocol induced increasing chronic sleep loss, while extended wake (32.85 hours) and sleep episodes (10 hours) occurred at multiple circadian phases. Attentional failure rate was quantified from continuous electrooculograms (number of 30-second epochs with slow eye movements/h of wakefulness) as a function of time since scheduled wake (acute sleep loss), week of study (chronic sleep loss), and circadian (melatonin) phase. RESULTS During the first ∼8 hours awake, attentional failure rate was low, irrespective of the week. During the following wake hours, attentional failure rate increased steadily but at a faster rate in weeks 2 and 3 compared to week 1. The effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on attentional failure rate were magnified during the biological night compared to the biological day. CONCLUSIONS A single extended sleep episode can only temporarily reverse attentional impairment associated with chronic sleep loss. Multiplicative effects of acute and chronic sleep loss-further amplified during the biological night-substantiate the interaction of 2 homeostatic response mechanisms and caution against underestimating their disproportionate combined impact on performance, health, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aeschbach
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Daniel A Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Brandon J Lockyer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah L Chellappa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zimberg IZ, Ftouni S, Magee M, Ferguson SA, Lockley SW, Rajaratnam SMW, Sletten TL. Circadian adaptation to night shift work is associated with higher REM sleep duration. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S112-S120. [PMID: 37914630 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the degree of circadian adaptation to night work on sleep architecture following night shift. METHODS Thirty four night workers (11 females; 33.8 ± 10.1years) completed a simulated night shift following 2-7 typical night shifts. Participants completed a laboratory-based simulated night shift (21:00-07:00 hours), followed by a recovery sleep opportunity (∼09:00-17:00 hours), recorded using polysomnography. Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) rhythm acrophase was used as a marker of circadian phase. Sleep duration and architecture were compared between individuals with aMT6s acrophase before (unadapted group, n = 22) or after (partially adapted group, n = 12) bedtime. RESULTS Bedtime occurred on average 2.16 hours before aMT6s acrophase in the partially adapted group and 3.91 hours after acrophase in the unadapted group. The partially adapted group had more sleep during the week before the simulated night than the unadapted group (6.47 ± 1.02 vs. 5.26 ± 1.48 hours, p = .02). After the simulated night shift, both groups had similar total sleep time (partially adapted: 6.68 ± 0.80 hours, unadapted: 6.63 ± 0.88 hours, p > .05). The partially adapted group had longer total rapid eye movement sleep duration than the unadapted group (106.79 ± 32.05 minutes vs. 77.90 ± 28.86 minutes, p = .01). After 5-hours, rapid eye movement sleep accumulation was higher in the partially adapted compared to the unadapted group (p = .02). Sleep latency and other stages were not affected by circadian adaptation. DISCUSSION Partial circadian adaptation to night shift was associated with longer rapid eye movement sleep duration during daytime sleep, highlighting the influence of entrainment between the sleep-wake cycle and the circadian pacemaker in night workers. The findings have important implications for sleep and subsequent alertness associated with shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Z Zimberg
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Ftouni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Magee
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Goodwood, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Matre D, Sallinen M, Phillips AJK, Moen LV, Nilsen KB, Haugen F. Night work, season and alertness as occupational safety hazards in the Arctic: protocol for the Noralert observational crossover study among Norwegian process operators. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075107. [PMID: 37793926 PMCID: PMC10551971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to determine the effects of night work, Arctic seasonal factors and cold working environments on human functions relevant to safety. The study aims to quantify the contribution of (1) several consecutive night shifts, (2) seasonal variation on sleepiness, alertness and circadian rhythm and (3) whether a computational model of sleep, circadian rhythms and cognitive performance can accurately predict the observed sleepiness and alertness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In an observational crossover study of outdoor and indoor workers (n=120) on a three-shift schedule from an industrial plant in Norway (70 °N), measurements will be conducted during the summer and winter. Sleep duration and quality will be measured daily by smartphone questionnaire, aided by actigraphy and heart rate measurements. Sleepiness and alertness will be assessed at regular intervals by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and the psychomotor vigilance test, respectively. Saliva samples will assess melatonin levels, and a blood sample will measure circadian time. Thermal exposures and responses will be measured by sensors and by thermography. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All participants will give written informed consent to participate in the study, which will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics South-East D waivered the need for ethics approval (reference 495816). Dissemination plans include academic and lay publications, and partnerships with national and regional policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagfinn Matre
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Fred Haugen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Imes CC, Tucker SJ, Trinkoff AM, Chasens ER, Weinstein SM, Dunbar-Jacob J, Patrician PA, Redeker NS, Baldwin CM. Wake-up Call: Night Shifts Adversely Affect Nurse Health and Retention, Patient and Public Safety, and Costs. Nurs Adm Q 2023; 47:E38-E53. [PMID: 37643236 DOI: 10.1097/naq.0000000000000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this mini review is to (1) summarize the findings on the impact of night shift on nurses' health and wellness, patient and public safety, and implications on organizational costs and (2) provide strategies to promote night shift nurses' health and improve organizational costs. The night shift, compared with day shift, results in poorer physical and mental health through its adverse effects on sleep, circadian rhythms, and dietary and beverage consumption, along with impaired cognitive function that increases nurse errors. Nurse administrators and health care organizations have opportunities to improve nurse and patient safety on night shifts. Low-, moderate-, and higher-cost measures that promote night nurses' health and well-being can help mitigate these negative outcomes. The provided individual and organizational recommendations and innovations support night shift nurses' health, patient and public safety, and organizational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Imes
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Drs Imes, Chasens, and Dunbar-Jacob); College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus (Dr Tucker); School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore (Dr Trinkoff); School of Nursing, Purdue University Global, West Lafayette, Indiana (Ms Weinstein); School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (Dr Patrician); School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs (Dr Redeker); and Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Dr Baldwin)
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Johnson T, Gurubhagavatula I. Assessment of Vigilance and Fatigue. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:349-359. [PMID: 37532374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the definitions of vigilance, fatigue, and sleepiness, as well as tools used in their assessment. Consideration is given to the strengths and limitations of the different subjective and objective tools. Future directions for research are also discussed, as well as the public health importance of continued investigation in this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Johnson
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3624 Market Street, Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Indira Gurubhagavatula
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3624 Market Street, Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Hwang Y, Jang H, Lee J, Jeon S, Kim J, Lee S, Kim SJ. Sleep Reactivity and Sleep Efforts in Shift Workers. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:880-887. [PMID: 37794670 PMCID: PMC10555516 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the differences in sleep reactivity and sleep effort differs among late night shift workers (LSWs) and non-late night shift workers (non-LSWs), and non-shift workers (non-SWs). METHODS In total, 6,023 participants (1,613 non-SWs, 3,339 LSWs, and 1,071 non-LSWs) were recruited. Non-SWs was defined as those who works at fixed schedules during standard daylight. LSWs was defined as who work late night hours (10 PM-6 AM), while non-LSWs was SWs who did not work during late night. All completed the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the short-term Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) through online survey. RESULTS LSWs and non-LSWs reported higher FIRST, GSES scores than non-SWs. In addition, LSWs reported higher FIRST, GSES scores than non-LSWs. FIRST scores were correlated with CES-D, PSQI, ISI, and ESS for LSWs, non-LSWs, and non-SWs alike. GSES scores were also correlated with CES-D, PSQI, ISI, and ESS for LSWs, non-LSWs, and non-SWs alike. CONCLUSION SWs showed higher sleep reactivity and sleep effort than non-SWs. LSWs had higher sleep reactivity and sleep effort than non-LSWs, and these variables are associated with insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggests that late night schedule, may increase sleep reactivity and sleep effort, which are associated with sleep and mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjee Hwang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichul Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Liu M, Zhong W, Ge Z, Sun Z, Shen X. Relationship between cognitive dysfunction and the promoter methylation of PER1 and CRY1 in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1174541. [PMID: 37293664 PMCID: PMC10244731 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1174541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is increasing due to the accelerating global aging process, resulting in a substantial burden on all countries, as cognitive dysfunction associated with CSVD is also on the rise. Clock genes have a significant impact on cognitive decline and dementia. Furthermore, the pattern of DNA methylation in clock genes is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the connection between DNA promoter methylation of PER1 and CRY1 and cognitive dysfunction in patients with CSVD. Methods We recruited patients with CSVD admitted to the Geriatrics Department of the Lianyungang Second People's Hospital between March 2021 and June 2022. Based on their Mini-Mental State Examination score, patients were categorized into two groups: 65 cases with cognitive dysfunction and 36 cases with normal cognitive function. Clinical data, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters, and CSVD total load scores were collected. Moreover, we employed methylation-specific PCR to analyze the peripheral blood promoter methylation levels of clock genes PER1 and CRY1 in all CSVD patients who were enrolled. Finally, we used binary logistic regression models to assess the association between the promoter methylation of clock genes (PER1 and CRY1) and cognitive dysfunction in patients with CSVD. Results (1) A total of 101 individuals with CSVD were included in this study. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in baseline clinical data except MMSE and AD8 scores. (2) After B/H correction, the promoter methylation rate of PER1 was higher in the cognitive dysfunction group than that in the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant (adjusted p < 0.001). (3) There was no significant correlation between the promoter methylation rates of PER1 and CRY1 in peripheral blood and circadian rhythm of blood pressure (p > 0.05). (4) Binary logistic regression models showed that the influence of promoter methylation of PER1 and CRY1 on cognitive dysfunction were statistically significant in Model 1 (p < 0.001; p = 0.025), and it still existed after adjusting for confounding factors in Model 2. Patients with the promoter methylation of PER1 gene (OR = 16.565, 95%CI, 4.057-67.628; p < 0.001) and the promoter methylation of CRY1 gene (OR = 6.017, 95%CI, 1.290-28.069; p = 0.022) were at greater risk of cognitive dysfunction compared with those with unmethylated promoters of corresponding genes in Model 2. Conclusion The promoter methylation rate of PER1 gene was higher in the cognitive dysfunction group among CSVD patients. And the hypermethylation of the promoters of clock genes PER1 and CRY1 may be involved in affecting cognitive dysfunction in patients with CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of XianYang, XianYang, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu University (Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Mengqian Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhonglin Ge
- Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Second People′s Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Lianyungang Second People′s Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaozhu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital), Lianyungang, China
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Krizan Z, Miller AJ, Meissner CA, Jones M. The impact of alertness vs. fatigue on interrogators in an actigraphic study of field investigations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6135. [PMID: 37061545 PMCID: PMC10105754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigative interviews (e.g., interrogations) are a critical component of criminal, military, and civil investigations. However, how levels of alertness (vs. sleepiness) of the interviewer impact outcomes of actual interviews is unknown. To this end, the current study tracked daily fluctuations in alertness among professional criminal investigators to predict their daily experiences with actual field interviews. Fifty law-enforcement investigators wore a sleep-activity tracker for two weeks while keeping a daily-diary of investigative interviews conducted in the field. For each interview, the investigators indicated how well they established rapport with the subject, how much resistance they encountered, how well they maintained their own focus and composure, and the overall utility of intelligence obtained. Daily alertness was biomathematically modeled from actigraphic sleep duration and continuity estimates and used to predict interview characteristics. Investigators consistently reported more difficulties maintaining their focus and composure as well as encountering more subject resistance during interviews on days with lower alertness. Better interview outcomes were also reported on days with subjectively better sleep, while findings were generally robust to inclusion of covariates. The findings implicate adequate sleep as a modifiable fitness factor for collectors of human intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatan Krizan
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
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Hisler GC, Dickinson DL, Bruce SA, Hasler BP. Preliminary evidence that misalignment between sleep and circadian timing alters risk-taking preferences. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13728. [PMID: 36122900 PMCID: PMC10023298 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making has been shown to suffer when circadian preference is misaligned with time of assessment; however, little is known about how misalignment between sleep timing and the central circadian clock impacts decision-making. This study captured naturally occurring variation in circadian alignment (i.e., alignment of sleep-wake timing with the central circadian clock) to examine if greater misalignment predicts worse decision-making. Over the course of 2 weeks, 32 late adolescent drinkers (aged 18-22 years; 61% female; 69% White) continuously wore actigraphs and completed two overnight in-laboratory visits (Thursday and Sunday) in which both dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) and behavioural decision-making (risk taking, framing, and strategic reasoning tasks) were assessed. Sleep-wake timing was assessed by actigraphic midsleep from the 2 nights prior to each in-laboratory visit. Alignment was operationalised as the phase angle (interval) between average DLMO and average midsleep. Multilevel modelling was used to predict performance on decision-making tasks from circadian alignment during each in-laboratory visit; non-linear associations were also examined. Shorter DLMO-midsleep phase angle predicted greater risk-taking under conditions of potential loss (B = -0.11, p = 0.06), but less risk-taking under conditions of potential reward (B = 0.14, p = 0.03) in a curvilinear fashion. Misalignment did not predict outcomes in the framing and strategic reasoning tasks. Findings suggest that shorter alignment in timing of sleep with the central circadian clock (e.g., phase-delayed misalignment) may impact risky decision-making, further extending accumulating evidence that sleep/circadian factors are tied to risk-taking. Future studies will need to replicate findings and experimentally probe whether manipulating alignment influences decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David L. Dickinson
- Appalachian State University, Department of Economics and CERPA; ESI; IZA
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Kanon AP, Giezenaar C, Roy NC, McNabb WC, Henare SJ. Acute effects of fresh versus dried Hayward green kiwifruit on sleep quality, mood, and sleep-related urinary metabolites in healthy young men with good and poor sleep quality. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1079609. [PMID: 36998905 PMCID: PMC10043399 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1079609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aimsDaily kiwifruit (KF) consumption has been associated with improved sleep quality, but underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. This study examined acute effects of fresh and dried green KF, compared with a water control, on sleep quality, mood, and urinary serotonin and melatonin metabolite concentrations.Methods24 men (age: 29 ± 1 years, body mass index: 24 ± 1 kg/m2) with poor (n = 12) or good (n = 12) sleep quality participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. One of three treatments was consumed with a standardized evening meal; (1) the flesh of two fresh green KF, (2) dried green KF powder (including skin; equivalent to dry matter of two fresh KF) mixed with water, or (3) a water control, in their own home. Subjective and objective sleep quality, mood, waking urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), vitamin C and B-vitamin concentrations were determined.ResultsRegardless of sleep quality group, compared to control, morning sleepiness, alertness upon awakening, and vigor were improved (p < 0.05) after dried KF consumption. Compared to control, both fresh and dried KF treatments tended (p < 0.1) toward improved esteem and total mood disturbance. Both KF treatments increased (fresh +1.56 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.001; dried: +1.30 ± 0.4 ng/g, p = 0.004) urinary concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA compared to the control (4.32 ± 0.4 ng/g). In poor sleepers, ease of awakening improved by 24% after dried KF consumption (p = 0.005) and tended to improve by 13% after fresh KF intake (p = 0.052) compared to the control. Good sleepers tended toward 9% improved ratings of getting to sleep with fresh KF (p = 0.053) compared to the control. Poor sleepers had lower amounts of some B-vitamins compared to good sleepers (p < 0.05).ConclusionConsumption of dried or fresh KF with a standard evening meal, was associated with improved aspects of sleep quality and mood, possibly mediated through changes in serotonin metabolism.Clinical trial registration[www.anzctr.org.au], identifier [ACTRN12621000046808].Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Kanon
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon J. Henare
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Sharon J. Henare,
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Iweka CA, Seigneur E, Hernandez AL, Paredes SH, Cabrera M, Blacher E, Pasternak CT, Longo FM, de Lecea L, Andreasson KI. Myeloid deficiency of the intrinsic clock protein BMAL1 accelerates cognitive aging by disrupting microglial synaptic pruning. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:48. [PMID: 36829230 PMCID: PMC9951430 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with loss of circadian immune responses and circadian gene transcription in peripheral macrophages. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, also show diurnal rhythmicity in regulating local immune responses and synaptic remodeling. To investigate the interaction between aging and microglial circadian rhythmicity, we examined mice deficient in the core clock transcription factor, BMAL1. Aging Cd11bcre;Bmallox/lox mice demonstrated accelerated cognitive decline in association with suppressed hippocampal long-term potentiation and increases in immature dendritic spines. C1q deposition at synapses and synaptic engulfment were significantly decreased in aging Bmal1-deficient microglia, suggesting that BMAL1 plays a role in regulating synaptic pruning in aging. In addition to accelerated age-associated hippocampal deficits, Cd11bcre;Bmallox/lox mice also showed deficits in the sleep-wake cycle with increased wakefulness across light and dark phases. These results highlight an essential role of microglial BMAL1 in maintenance of synapse homeostasis in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Agbaegbu Iweka
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erica Seigneur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amira Latif Hernandez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mica Cabrera
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eran Blacher
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Connie Tsai Pasternak
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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16
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Separating the influences of means and daily variations of sleep on the stress-induced salivary cortisol response. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 151:106059. [PMID: 36812860 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research regarding the effects of sleep quality and quantity on the acute stress response has yielded inconsistent findings. This may be attributed to various factors, including composite sleep components (i.e., means and daily variations) and mixed cortisol stress response (i.e., reactivity and recovery). Thus, this study aimed to separate the effects of means and daily variations of sleep on the reactivity and recovery of cortisol responses to psychological challenges. METHODS In study 1, we recruited 41 healthy participants (24 women; age range, 18-23 years), monitored their sleep during seven consecutive days via wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries, and adopted the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) paradigm to induce acute stress. Study 2 consisted of a validation experiment using the ScanSTRESS paradigm, which included 77 additional healthy individuals (35 women; age range, 18-26 years). Similarly to the TSST, the ScanSTRESS induces acute stress using uncontrollability and social evaluation. In both studies, saliva samples from the participants were collected before, during, and after the acute stress task. RESULTS Using residual dynamic structural equation modeling, both study 1 and study 2 demonstrated that higher means of objective sleep efficiency, and longer means of objective sleep duration were related to greater cortisol recovery. In addition, fewer daily variations in objective sleep duration were associated with greater cortisol recovery. However, there was no correlation between sleep variables and cortisol reactivity, except for the daily variations in objective sleep duration in study 2. No correlation was observed between subjective sleep and cortisol response to stress. CONCLUSIONS The present study separated two features of multi-day sleep patterns and two components of cortisol stress response, providing a more comprehensive picture of the effect of sleep on the stress-induced salivary cortisol response, and contributing to the future development of targeted interventions for stress-related disorders.
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17
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Nicholson L, Bohnert AM, Crowley SJ. A developmental perspective on sleep consistency: Preschool age through emerging adulthood. Behav Sleep Med 2023; 21:97-116. [PMID: 35014925 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.2024192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Beyond sleep duration, the regularity of sleep patterns (e.g., sleep consistency), including variability in sleep timing (e.g., bedtime, wake time) and duration, is a critical marker of sleep health. Sleep consistency is captured using a variety of methods within the literature (e.g., sleep intraindividual variability, social jetlag), but most of the research focuses on adolescents. METHODS Drawing on a developmental perspective, this narrative review highlights how normative changes at the individual (e.g., biological, cognitive, and social) and contextual (e.g., home, school, sociocultural) levels may contribute to inconsistent sleep patterns across development. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes how inconsistent sleep may increase across pivotal transitions throughout development (e.g., elimination of naps, puberty, summertime, entering college). Finally, recommendations for measuring sleep consistency and areas to address in future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nicholson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy M Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Fitzgerald ES, Stout JC, Glikmann-Johnston Y, Anderson C, Jackson ML. Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Cognitive Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:293-304. [PMID: 37599535 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In healthy people, sleep and circadian disruption are linked to cognitive deficits. People with Huntington's disease (HD), who have compromised brain function and sleep and circadian disturbances, may be even more susceptible to these cognitive effects. OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive review and synthesis of the literature in HD on the associations of cognitive dysfunction with disturbed sleep and circadian rhythms. METHODS We searched MEDLINE via OVID, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE via OVID, and PubMed in May 2023. The first author then screened by title and abstract and conducted a full review of remaining articles. RESULTS Eight studies investigating the influence of sleep and/or circadian rhythms on cognitive function in HD were found. In manifest HD, poorer sleep was associated with worse cognitive function. For behavioral 24-hour (circadian) rhythms, two studies indicated that later wake times correlated with poorer cognitive function. No reported studies in HD examined altered physiological 24-hour (circadian) rhythms and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Some associations exist between poor sleep and cognitive dysfunction in manifest HD, yet whether these associations are present before clinical diagnosis is unknown. Whether circadian disturbances relate to cognitive impairment in HD also remains undetermined. To inform sleep and circadian interventions aimed at improving cognitive symptoms in HD, future research should include a range of disease stages, control for external factors, and utilize robust cognitive batteries targeted to the aspects of cognitive function known to be adversely affected in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Fitzgerald
- School of Psychological Sciences, and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie C Stout
- School of Psychological Sciences, and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yifat Glikmann-Johnston
- School of Psychological Sciences, and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- School of Psychological Sciences, and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Cao Y, Xu X, Li M, Liu J, Shi Z. Both Short and Long Sleep Durations Are Associated with Poor Cognition and Memory in Chinese Adults Aged 55+ Years-Results from China Health and Nutrition Survey. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1798. [PMID: 36362953 PMCID: PMC9696719 DOI: 10.3390/life12111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the associations between sleep duration and cognitive functions and memory in older Chinese adults attending the China Health and Nutrition Survey. A total of 7924 participants 55 years and older who reported their sleep duration and had a cognitive screen test in 2004, 2006, and 2015 were included in the analysis. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the associations. A short sleep duration (≤6 h/day) and long sleep duration (≥10 h/day) were positively associated with a low global cognitive score (odds ratio-OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.50; OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.17-1.79, respectively). Both short sleepers and long sleepers had an increased risk of self-reported poor memory (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39-1.91; OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.25-1.74, respectively). No differences in the above associations were found for income, education, and urbanity. In conclusion, both the short and long sleep duration were associated with declined cognition and memory. Maintaining a normal sleep duration may aid in the prevention of cognitive function decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Cao
- Non-Communicable Diseases and Implementation Science Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- Centre for Population Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Gao C, Li P, Morris CJ, Zheng X, Ulsa MC, Gao L, Scheer FAJL, Hu K. Actigraphy-Based Sleep Detection: Validation with Polysomnography and Comparison of Performance for Nighttime and Daytime Sleep During Simulated Shift Work. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1801-1816. [PMID: 36275180 PMCID: PMC9581540 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s373107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Actigraphy-based sleep detection algorithms were mostly validated using nighttime sleep, and their performance in detecting daytime sleep is unclear. We evaluated and compared the performance of Actiware and the Cole-Kripke algorithm (C-K) - two commonly used actigraphy-based algorithms - in detecting daytime and nighttime sleep. Participants and Methods Twenty-five healthy young adults were monitored by polysomnography and actigraphy during two in-lab protocols with scheduled nighttime and/or daytime sleep (within-subject design). Mixed-effect models were conducted to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score (a less-biased measure of accuracy) of Actiware (with low/medium/high threshold setting, separately) and C-K in detecting sleep epochs from actigraphy recordings during nighttime/daytime. t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the agreement between actigraphy-based algorithms and polysomnography in scoring total sleep time (TST). Results Sensitivity was similar between nighttime (Actiware: 0.93-0.99 across threshold settings; C-K: 0.61) and daytime sleep (Actiware: 0.93-0.99; C-K: 0.66) for both the C-K and Actiware (daytime/nighttime×algorithm interaction: p > 0.1). Specificity for daytime sleep was lower (Actiware: 0.35-0.54; C-K: 0.91) than that for nighttime sleep (Actiware: 0.37-0.62; C-K: 0.93; p = 0.001). Specificity was also higher for C-K than Actiware (p < 0.001), with no daytime/nighttime×algorithm interaction (p > 0.1). C-K had lower F1 (nighttime = 0.74; daytime = 0.77) than Actiware (nighttime = 0.95-0.98; daytime = 0.90-0.91) for both nighttime and daytime sleep (all p < 0.05). The daytime-nighttime difference in F1 was opposite for Actiware (daytime: 0.90-0.91; nighttime: 0.95-0.98) and C-K (daytime: 0.77; nighttime: 0.74; interaction p = 0.003). Bias in TST was lowest in Actiware (with medium-threshold) for nighttime sleep (underestimation of 5.99 min/8h) and in Actiware (with low-threshold) for daytime sleep (overestimation of 17.75 min/8h). Conclusion Daytime/nighttime sleep affected specificity and F1 but not sensitivity of actigraphy-based sleep scoring. Overall, Actiware performed better than the C-K algorithm. Actiware with medium-threshold was the least biased in estimating nighttime TST, and Actiware with low-threshold was the least biased in estimating daytime TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Gao
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Morris
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xi Zheng
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ma Cherrysse Ulsa
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Alonzo R, Anderson KK, Rodrigues R, Klar N, Chiodini P, Montero-Odasso M, Stranges S. Does Shiftwork Impact Cognitive Performance? Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10124. [PMID: 36011754 PMCID: PMC9408351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Few large nationwide studies have investigated the relationship between shiftwork and cognitive performance, and little is known about whether and how psychological distress may impact this relationship. This study aimed to examine: (1) the cross-sectional relationship between shiftwork (yes/no) and some aspects of cognitive performance (declarative memory and executive functioning) and (2) the potential moderating effect of psychological distress among 20,610 community-dwelling adults from the comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Differences by sex and retirement status were also explored. Shiftwork was significantly associated with poorer performance for executive functioning (interference condition: ß = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.63; MAT: ß = -0.85, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.50) but not for declarative memory. Completely and not/partly retired males showed poorer cognitive performance on executive functioning. However, no evidence of a moderating effect by psychological distress was found. Our findings confirm the association between shiftwork and cognitive performance and highlight important health correlates of shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Alonzo
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kelly K. Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Rodrigues
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Neil Klar
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Gait and Brain Laboratory, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 0A7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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22
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Seidler RD, Stern C, Basner M, Stahn AC, Wuyts FL, zu Eulenburg P. Future research directions to identify risks and mitigation strategies for neurostructural, ocular, and behavioral changes induced by human spaceflight: A NASA-ESA expert group consensus report. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:876789. [PMID: 35991346 PMCID: PMC9387435 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.876789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A team of experts on the effects of the spaceflight environment on the brain and eye (SANS: Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome) was convened by NASA and ESA to (1) review spaceflight-associated structural and functional changes of the human brain and eye, and any interactions between the two; and (2) identify critical future research directions in this area to help characterize the risk and identify possible countermeasures and strategies to mitigate the spaceflight-induced brain and eye alterations. The experts identified 14 critical future research directions that would substantially advance our knowledge of the effects of spending prolonged periods of time in the spaceflight environment on SANS, as well as brain structure and function. They used a paired comparison approach to rank the relative importance of these 14 recommendations, which are discussed in detail in the main report and are summarized briefly below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael D. Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Claudia Stern
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and ISS Operations and Astronauts Group, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Claudia Stern,
| | - Mathias Basner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander C. Stahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Floris L. Wuyts
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace (LEIA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter zu Eulenburg
- German Vertigo and Balance Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Per2 Expression Regulates the Spatial Working Memory of Mice through DRD1-PKA-CREB Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4292-4303. [PMID: 35508866 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several individuals worldwide show cognitive impairment due to various reasons, including a prolonged lifespan and an altered lifestyle. Various causes, such as broken circadian rhythms and dopamine-related factors, have been proposed to be involved in the development of cognitive impairment. However, the underlying pathways remain elusive. Humans with circadian misalignment often face cognitive impairments, and animals with mutations in circadian rhythm-related genes display impaired cognitive functions. To analyze this in detail, this study aimed to investigate the pathways potentially involved in cognitive impairment using Period2 (Per2) transgenic animals. Spatial working memory performance in Per2 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice was assessed using the Barnes maze and Y-maze. The dopamine-related protein expression levels in the hippocampus were measured by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Per2 KO mice exhibited impaired spatial working memory, and the expression levels of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), protein kinase A (PKA), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were higher in Per2 KO mice than in control mice. Additionally, DRD1 expression levels were inversely proportional to those of PER2. Thus, memory tests were again conducted after administration of the DRD1 antagonist SCH-23390. Per2 KO mice recovered from memory impairment, and the levels of PKA and CREB decreased after treatment. The effects of Aβ on memory in Per2 mice were also investigated, and we found the increased Aβ levels did not influence the memory performance of Per2 mice after SCH-23390 treatment. These results indicate that Per2 expression levels might influence spatial working memory performance via DRD1-PKA-CREB-dependent signaling.
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Qian J, Morris CJ, Phillips AJK, Li P, Rahman SA, Wang W, Hu K, Arendt J, Czeisler CA, Scheer FAJL. Unanticipated daytime melatonin secretion on a simulated night shift schedule generates a distinctive 24-h melatonin rhythm with antiphasic daytime and nighttime peaks. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12791. [PMID: 35133678 PMCID: PMC8930611 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The daily rhythm of plasma melatonin concentrations is typically unimodal, with one broad peak during the circadian night and near-undetectable levels during the circadian day. Light at night acutely suppresses melatonin secretion and phase shifts its endogenous circadian rhythm. In contrast, exposure to darkness during the circadian day has not generally been reported to increase circulating melatonin concentrations acutely. Here, in a highly-controlled simulated night shift protocol with 12-h inverted behavioral/environmental cycles, we unexpectedly found that circulating melatonin levels were significantly increased during daytime sleep (p < .0001). This resulted in a secondary melatonin peak during the circadian day in addition to the primary peak during the circadian night, when sleep occurred during the circadian day following an overnight shift. This distinctive diurnal melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks could not be readily anticipated from the behavioral/environmental factors in the protocol (e.g., light exposure, posture, diet, activity) or from current mathematical model simulations of circadian pacemaker output. The observation, therefore, challenges our current understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms that regulate melatonin secretion. Interestingly, the increase in melatonin concentration observed during daytime sleep was positively correlated with the change in timing of melatonin nighttime peak (p = .002), but not with the degree of light-induced melatonin suppression during nighttime wakefulness (p = .92). Both the increase in daytime melatonin concentrations and the change in the timing of the nighttime peak became larger after repeated exposure to simulated night shifts (p = .002 and p = .006, respectively). Furthermore, we found that melatonin secretion during daytime sleep was positively associated with an increase in 24-h glucose and insulin levels during the night shift protocol (p = .014 and p = .027, respectively). Future studies are needed to elucidate the key factor(s) driving the unexpected daytime melatonin secretion and the melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks during shifted sleep/wake schedules, the underlying mechanisms of their relationship with glucose metabolism, and the relevance for diabetes risk among shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christopher J Morris
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Andrew JK Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Josephine Arendt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Frank AJL Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Salehinejad MA, Azarkolah A, Ghanavati E, Nitsche MA. Circadian disturbances, sleep difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2022; 91:246-252. [PMID: 34334305 PMCID: PMC8277544 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed extraordinary and unpredictable changes on our lifestyle for an unknown duration. Consequently, core aspects of wellbeing including behavior, emotion, cognition, and social interactions are negatively affected. Sleep and circadian rhythms, with an extensive impact on physiology, behavior, emotion, and cognition are affected too. We provided an updated overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on circadian rhythms and sleep based on the results of published studies (n = 48) in three sections. First, we focus on circadian misalignment due to the pandemic in the general population (including shift workers, health staff, students) and COVID-19 patients and summarize the most critically contributing factors to circadian misalignment. Next, we address sleep difficulties and poor sleep quality during the pandemic, their contributing factors, rate and prevalence, and their effects on both the general population and COVID-19 patients. Finally, we summarize the currently applied/recommended interventions for aligning circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality in both, the general population, and COVID-19 patients during the pandemic situation. Briefly, circadian misalignment and sleep difficulties are common consequences of the pandemic in the general population (with elderly, students, children, health and night-work shifters as risk groups) and COVID-19 patients. Home confinement and its physiological, circadian, and psychological derivates are central to these difficulties. Symptoms severity, treatment progress, recovery duration, and even diagnosis of COVID-19 patients are considerably affected by circadian and sleep difficulties. Behavioral interventions for normalizing the factors that contribute to circadian and sleep difficulties are helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anita Azarkolah
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Working around the Clock: Is a Person’s Endogenous Circadian Timing for Optimal Neurobehavioral Functioning Inherently Task-Dependent? Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:23-36. [PMID: 35225951 PMCID: PMC8883919 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobehavioral task performance is modulated by the circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep/wake regulation. Biomathematical modeling of the temporal dynamics of these processes and their interaction allows for prospective prediction of performance impairment in shift-workers and provides a basis for fatigue risk management in 24/7 operations. It has been reported, however, that the impact of the circadian rhythm—and in particular its timing—is inherently task-dependent, which would have profound implications for our understanding of the temporal dynamics of neurobehavioral functioning and the accuracy of biomathematical model predictions. We investigated this issue in a laboratory study designed to unambiguously dissociate the influences of the circadian and homeostatic processes on neurobehavioral performance, as measured during a constant routine protocol preceded by three days on either a simulated night shift or a simulated day shift schedule. Neurobehavioral functions were measured every 3 h using three functionally distinct assays: a digit symbol substitution test, a psychomotor vigilance test, and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. After dissociating the circadian and homeostatic influences and accounting for inter-individual variability, peak circadian performance occurred in the late biological afternoon (in the “wake maintenance zone”) for all three neurobehavioral assays. Our results are incongruent with the idea of inherent task-dependent differences in the endogenous circadian impact on performance. Rather, our results suggest that neurobehavioral functions are under top-down circadian control, consistent with the way they are accounted for in extant biomathematical models.
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27
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Agadagba SK, Eldaly ABM, Chan LLH. Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Induces Long-Lasting Enhancement of Brain Functional and Directional Connectivity in Retinal Degeneration Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:785199. [PMID: 35197826 PMCID: PMC8860236 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.785199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate neuromodulation of functional and directional connectivity features in both visual and non-visual brain cortices after short-term and long-term retinal electrical stimulation in retinal degeneration mice. We performed spontaneous electrocorticography (ECoG) in retinal degeneration (rd) mice following prolonged transcorneal electrical stimulation (pTES) at varying currents (400, 500 and 600 μA) and different time points (transient or day 1 post-stimulation, 1-week post-stimulation and 2-weeks post-stimulation). We also set up a sham control group of rd mice which did not receive any electrical stimulation. Subsequently we analyzed alterations in cross-frequency coupling (CFC), coherence and directional connectivity of the primary visual cortex and the prefrontal cortex. It was observed that the sham control group did not display any significant changes in brain connectivity across all stages of electrical stimulation. For the stimulated groups, we observed that transient electrical stimulation of the retina did not significantly alter brain coherence and connectivity. However, for 1-week post-stimulation, we identified enhanced increase in theta-gamma CFC. Meanwhile, enhanced coherence and directional connectivity appeared predominantly in theta, alpha and beta oscillations. These alterations occurred in both visual and non-visual brain regions and were dependent on the current amplitude of stimulation. Interestingly, 2-weeks post-stimulation demonstrated long-lasting enhancement in network coherence and connectivity patterns at the level of cross-oscillatory interaction, functional connectivity and directional inter-regional communication between the primary visual cortex and prefrontal cortex. Application of electrical stimulation to the retina evidently neuromodulates brain coherence and connectivity of visual and non-visual cortices in retinal degeneration mice and the observed alterations are largely maintained. pTES holds strong possibility of modulating higher cortical functions including pathways of cognition, awareness, emotion and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K. Agadagba
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abdelrahman B. M. Eldaly
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Leanne Lai Hang Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Leanne Lai Hang Chan,
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28
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Moen J. An Ergogenic Medical Education: Building Curricula to Optimize Performance and Decrease Burnout. Cureus 2021; 13:e17855. [PMID: 34660060 PMCID: PMC8502734 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most pervasive myths in our culture today is the belief that training increases performance. When, in fact, training decreases performance. The current structure of training programs and educational curriculums provide the evidence regarding the acceptance of this belief. Intense focus is placed on the quantity of training time with little regard for additional factors. In pursuit of excellence, maximizing training opportunity and learning exposure insists upon the sacrifice of recovery time. However, recovery is the necessary training period to increase performance. In athletics, training without recovery leads to overtraining syndrome. Burnout is the non-athletic equivalency seen in under-recovered learners and workers. As demonstrated by the climbing burnout rates, the current structure of educational programs, epitomized by medical residency, perpetuates the myth that more training equals better performance. The purpose of the article does not revolve around the presentation of novel research discoveries, but it insists upon the implementation of previously established performance data in curricula development beyond athletics. The inflection and deflection points along the growth and adaptation curves can be explicitly utilized to meet the educational and professional standards set forth by educational institutions. When tracking performance as the metric, initial training stimuli creates a descending slope, e.g., "training decreases performance." The concept that training creates a negative deflection is a neglected concept in academics. By incorporating this feature into learning environments, training can transition from surviving training redundancy to thriving with an optimal work:recovery ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Moen
- College of Health Education, Touro University California, Vallejo, USA
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29
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Clark I, Stucky B, Azza Y, Schwab P, Müller S, Weibel D, Button D, Karlen W, Seifritz E, Kleim B, Landolt HP. Diurnal variations in multi-sensor wearable-derived sleep characteristics in morning- and evening-type shift workers under naturalistic conditions. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1702-1713. [PMID: 34278901 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1941074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Consumer-grade, multi-sensor, rest-activity trackers may be powerful tools, to help optimize rest-activity management in shiftwork populations undergoing circadian misalignment. Nevertheless, performance testing of such devices under field conditions is scarce. We previously validated Fitbit Charge 2TM against home polysomnography and now evaluated the potential of this device to document differences in rest-activity behavior, including sleep macrostructure, in first-responder shift workers in an operational setting. We continuously monitored 89 individuals (54% females; mean age: 33.9 ± 7.7 years) for 32.5 ± 9.3 days and collected 2,974 individual sleep episodes scattered around the clock. We stratified the study participants according to their self-reported circadian preference on the reduced Horne-Östberg Morningness-Evening Questionnaire (rMEQ; the scores from 4 participants were missing). Fitbit estimates of sleep duration, wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), REM sleep percentage in the first NREM-REM sleep cycle, and REM sleep latency formed approximately sinusoidal oscillations across 24 hours. Generalized additive mixed model analyses revealed that the phase position of sleep duration minimum was delayed by 2.8 h in evening types (ET; rMEQ ≤ 11; n = 20) and by 2.6 h in intermediate types (IT; 11 < rMEQ < 18; n = 45) when compared to morning types (MT; rMEQ ≥ 18; n = 20). Similarly, the phase position of WASO was delayed by 2.7 h in ET compared to MT. While nocturnal sleep duration did not differ among the three groups, sleep episodes during the biological day decreased in duration from ET to IT to MT. Together, the findings support the notion that a consumer-grade, rest-activity tracker allows estimation of behavioral sleep/wake cycles and sleep macrostructure in shift workers under naturalistic conditions that are consistent with their self-reported chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Clark
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Stucky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasmine Azza
- Department of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schwab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, D-HEST, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Walter Karlen
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, D-HEST, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on Worker Cognitive Functions: Current Evidence and Future Research Needs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126540. [PMID: 34204504 PMCID: PMC8296479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particular working conditions and/or organization of working time may cause important sleep disturbances that have been proposed to be predictive of cognitive decline. In this regard, circadian rhythm misalignment induced by exposure to night work or long working hours would be responsible for cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, evidence supporting this correlation is limited and several issues still need to be elucidated. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between shift/night work and cognitive impairment and address its main determinants. Information provided by the reviewed studies suggested that night work might have serious immediate negative effects especially on cognitive domains related to attention, memory and response inhibition. Furthermore, cognitive performance would progressively worsen over consecutive night shifts or following exposure to very long work shifts. Otherwise, conflicting results emerged regarding the possible etiological role that night work chronic exposure would have on cognitive impairment. Therefore, circadian rhythm desynchronization, lack of sleep and fatigue resulting from night work may negatively impact worker’s cognitive efficiency. However, in light of the considerable methodological variability of the reviewed studies, we proposed to develop a standardized research and evaluation strategy in order to obtain a better and comprehensive understanding of this topic.
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31
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Koritala BSC, Conroy Z, Smith DF. Circadian Biology in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1082. [PMID: 34199193 PMCID: PMC8231795 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex process that can lead to the dysregulation of the molecular clock, as well as 24 h rhythms of sleep and wake, blood pressure, and other associated biological processes. Previous work has demonstrated crosstalk between the circadian clock and hypoxia-responsive pathways. However, even in the absence of OSA, disrupted clocks can exacerbate OSA-associated outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular or cognitive outcomes). As we expand our understanding of circadian biology in the setting of OSA, this information could play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA. Here, we summarize the pre-existing knowledge of circadian biology in patients with OSA and examine the utility of circadian biomarkers as alternative clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Zachary Conroy
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - David F. Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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32
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Sandoval R, Pesquera M, Kim A, Dickerson C, Dedick J, Brown N. Noon is the best time to perform a dual task while cognitive performance may be boosted by concurrent performance of a physical task. Gait Posture 2021; 87:95-100. [PMID: 33895637 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-task is the concurrent performance of two independent single tasks (ST) that have distinct goals. Daily variations in performance of singular cognitive or motor tasks are reported in the literature. RESEARCH QUESTION To investigate whether performance of a dual-task (DT) varies based on the time of day and whether there is interference between the motor and cognitive aspect of DT. METHODS Participants performed a 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT) for motor and a Stroop Test for cognitive task. The DT activity combined both STs. All participants performed three trials for all three conditions at three different times of the day (morning, noon, afternoon), on separate testing days. RESULTS Data were collected on 42 participants. Most participants were female (28/42), average age of 27.95 ± 9.28 years, and BMI of 25.58 ± 4.49 Kg/m2. Walking velocities in ST were consistently faster than in DT, p < .0005. In DT conditions, the participants walked faster at noon (1.21 ± 0.13 m/s) compared to the morning (1.16 ± 0.15 m/s, p = 0.01) or the afternoon (1.16 ± 0.18 m/s, p = 0.04). The participants' score on the DT-Stroop test were only different at noon (11.43 ± 2.28) when compared to morning (10.67 ± 1.34, p = 0.006). The percentage DT-Cognitive interference effect was 26.1 % in the morning, 11.8 % at noon and 13.4 % in the afternoon. The Motor interference was -14.6 % in the morning, -12.2 % at noon and -13.8 % in the afternoon. SIGNIFICANCE Noon is the best time to perform a dual task condition. Noon consistently exhibited the least motor or cognitive interference. Conversely, the maximum boost in cognitive performance was observed in the mornings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sandoval
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System Audie L. Murphy Medical Center, Research Department, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Mason Pesquera
- University of the Incarnate Word, School of Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Kim
- University of the Incarnate Word, School of Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Corey Dickerson
- University of the Incarnate Word, School of Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Joseph Dedick
- University of the Incarnate Word, School of Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nathan Brown
- University of the Incarnate Word, School of Physical Therapy, San Antonio, TX, United States
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33
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Holding BC, Ingre M, Petrovic P, Sundelin T, Axelsson J. Quantifying Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation at Different Times of Day: A Proof of Concept Using Ultra-Short Smartphone-Based Tests. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:666146. [PMID: 33927603 PMCID: PMC8076531 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.666146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is known to be impaired following sleep deprivation and to fluctuate depending on the time of day. However, most methods of assessing cognitive performance remain impractical for environments outside of the lab. This study investigated whether 2-min smartphone-based versions of commonly used cognitive tests could be used to assess the effects of sleep deprivation and time of day on diverse cognitive functions. After three nights of normal sleep, participants (N = 182) were randomised to either one night of sleep deprivation or a fourth night of normal sleep. Using the Karolinska WakeApp (KWA), participants completed a battery of 2-min cognitive tests, including measures of attention, arithmetic ability, episodic memory, working memory, and a Stroop test for cognitive conflict and behavioural adjustment. A baseline measurement was completed at 22:30 h, followed by three measurements the following day at approximately 08:00 h, 12:30 h, and 16:30 h. Sleep deprivation led to performance impairments in attention, arithmetic ability, episodic memory, and working memory. No effect of sleep deprivation was observed in the Stroop test. There were variations in attention and arithmetic test performance across different times of day. The effect of sleep deprivation on all cognitive tests was also found to vary at different times of day. In conclusion, this study shows that the KWA's 2-min cognitive tests can be used to detect cognitive impairments following sleep deprivation, and fluctuations in cognitive performance relating to time of day. The results demonstrate the potential of using brief smartphone-based tasks to measure a variety of cognitive abilities within sleep and fatigue research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Holding
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ingre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Sundelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nishida M, Ando H, Murata Y, Shioda K. Mental rotation performance and circadian chronotype in university students: a preliminary study. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1890366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nishida
- Faculty of Sport Science, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Sleep Research Institute, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ando
- Faculty of Sport Science, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murata
- Faculty of Sport Science, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Shioda
- Faculty of Sport Science, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Sleep Research Institute, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Litovchenko M, Meireles-Filho ACA, Frochaux MV, Bevers RPJ, Prunotto A, Anduaga AM, Hollis B, Gardeux V, Braman VS, Russeil JMC, Kadener S, Dal Peraro M, Deplancke B. Extensive tissue-specific expression variation and novel regulators underlying circadian behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc3781. [PMID: 33514540 PMCID: PMC7846174 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural genetic variation affects circadian rhythms across the evolutionary tree, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated population-level, molecular circadian clock variation by generating >700 tissue-specific transcriptomes of Drosophila melanogaster (w1118 ) and 141 Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines. This comprehensive circadian gene expression atlas contains >1700 cycling genes including previously unknown central circadian clock components and tissue-specific regulators. Furthermore, >30% of DGRP lines exhibited aberrant circadian gene expression, revealing abundant genetic variation-mediated, intertissue circadian expression desynchrony. Genetic analysis of one line with the strongest deviating circadian expression uncovered a novel cry mutation that, as shown by protein structural modeling and brain immunohistochemistry, disrupts the light-driven flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor photoreduction, providing in vivo support for the importance of this conserved photoentrainment mechanism. Together, our study revealed pervasive tissue-specific circadian expression variation with genetic variants acting upon tissue-specific regulatory networks to generate local gene expression oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Litovchenko
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Antonio C A Meireles-Filho
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Michael V Frochaux
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Roel P J Bevers
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Prunotto
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | | | - Brian Hollis
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Virginie S Braman
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Julie M C Russeil
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | | | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
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Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Sang L, Shen J, Lian Y. Association between sleep disorders and shift work: a prospective cohort study in the Chinese petroleum industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:751-757. [PMID: 33076769 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1826706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of sleep disorders among shift workers and analyze the relationship between sleep disorders and shift work. Methods. Baseline data were collected from subjects who were then followed for 2 years in a prospective cohort study. The cohort ultimately included 2453 people starting in May 2013, and follow-up with questionnaires was performed in July 2014 and October 2015. Sleep disorders were assessed with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Results. The risk of sleep disorders among two-shift workers (relative risk [RR] = 1.318, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.025, 1.695]), three-shift workers (RR = 1.326, 95% CI [1.048, 1.679]) and four-shift workers (RR = 1.334, 95% CI [1.062, 1.675]) was higher than that among non-shift workers, and an increasing trend was observed in sleep disorders as the number of shifts increased. Conclusions. Shift workers have a higher incidence of sleep disorders than non-shift workers. An increasing linear trend was observed between the number of shifts and sleep disorders. In the petroleum industry, it is necessary to decrease the frequency of shifts to reduce the incidence of sleep disorders among shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Nantong University, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Nantong University, China
| | - Lingli Sang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Nantong University, China
| | - Jiayang Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Nantong University, China
| | - Yulong Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Nantong University, China
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37
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Circadian misalignment increases mood vulnerability in simulated shift work. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18614. [PMID: 33122670 PMCID: PMC7596056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Night shift work can associate with an increased risk for depression. As night workers experience a 'misalignment' between their circadian system and daily sleep-wake behaviors, with negative health consequences, we investigated whether exposure to circadian misalignment underpins mood vulnerability in simulated shift work. We performed randomized within-subject crossover laboratory studies in non-shift workers and shift workers. Simulated night shifts were used to induce a misalignment between the endogenous circadian pacemaker and sleep/wake cycles (circadian misalignment), while environmental conditions and food intake were controlled. Circadian misalignment adversely impacted emotional state, such that mood and well-being levels were significantly decreased throughout 4 days of continuous exposure to circadian misalignment in non-shift workers, as compared to when they were under circadian alignment (interaction of "circadian alignment condition" vs. "day", mood: p < 0.001; well-being: p < 0.001; adjusted p-values). Similarly, in shift workers, mood and well-being levels were significantly reduced throughout days of misalignment, as compared to circadian alignment (interaction of "circadian alignment condition" vs. "day", mood: p = 0.002; well-being: p = 0.002; adjusted p-values). Our findings indicate that circadian misalignment is an important biological component for mood vulnerability, and that individuals who engage in shift work are susceptible to its deleterious mood effects.
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38
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Salehinejad MA, Majidinezhad M, Ghanavati E, Kouestanian S, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Nejati V. Negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quantitative parameters, quality, and circadian alignment: Implications for health and psychological well-being. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1297-1308. [PMID: 33192213 PMCID: PMC7658458 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, affecting millions of people and exposing them to home quarantine, isolation, and social distancing. While recent reports showed increased distress and depressive/anxiety state related to COVID-19 crisis, we investigated how home quarantine affected sleep parameters in healthy individuals. 160 healthy individuals who were in home quarantine in April 2020 for at least one month participated in this study. Participants rated and compared their quantitative sleep parameters (time to go to bed, sleep duration, getting-up time) and sleep quality factors, pre-and during home quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, participants' chronotype was determined to see if sleep parameters are differentially affected in different chronotypes. Time to fall asleep and get-up in the morning were significantly delayed in all participants, indicating a significant circadian misalignment. Sleep quality was reported to be significantly poorer in all participants and chronotypes. Poor sleep quality included more daily disturbances (more sleep disturbances, higher daily dysfunctions due to low quality of sleep) and less perceived sleep quality (lower subjective sleep quality, longer time taken to fall asleep at night, more use of sleep medication for improving sleep quality) during home quarantine. Home quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic has a detrimental impact on sleep quality. Online interventions including self-help sleep programs, stress management, relaxation practices, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, and mindfulness training are available interventions in the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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40
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Wang L, Ren B, Hui Y, Chu C, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Shi R, Ren J, Dai X, Liu Z, Liu X. Methionine Restriction Regulates Cognitive Function in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice: Roles of Diurnal Rhythms of SCFAs Producing- and Inflammation-Related Microbes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000190. [PMID: 32729963 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Methionine restriction (MR) is known to potently alleviate inflammation and improve gut microbiome in obese mice. The gut microbiome exhibits diurnal rhythmicity in composition and function, and this, in turn, drives oscillations in host metabolism. High-fat diet (HFD) strongly altered microbiome diurnal rhythmicity, however, the role of microbiome diurnal rhythmicity in mediating the improvement effects of MR on obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice are fed a low-fat diet or HFD for 4 weeks, followed with a full diet (0.86% methionine, w/w) or a methionine-restricted diet (0.17% methionine, w/w) for 8 weeks. Analyzing microbiome diurnal rhythmicity at six time points, the results show that HFD disrupts the cyclical fluctuations of the gut microbiome in mice. MR partially restores these cyclical fluctuations, which lead to time-specifically enhance the abundance of short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria, increases the acetate and butyric, and dampens the oscillation of inflammation-related Desulfovibrionales and Staphylococcaceae over the course of 1 day. Notably, MR, which protects against systemic inflammation, influences brain function and synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSION MR could serve as a potential nutritional intervention for attenuating obesity-induced cognitive impairments by balancing the circadian rhythm in microbiome-gut-brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Hui
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1958, Denmark
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhenting Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Beita Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junli Ren
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Hozer C, Pifferi F. Physiological and cognitive consequences of a daily 26 h photoperiod in a primate : exploring the underlying mechanisms of the circadian resonance theory. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201079. [PMID: 32693726 PMCID: PMC7423648 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological clock expresses circadian rhythms, whose endogenous period (tau) is close to 24 h. Daily resetting of the circadian clock to the 24 h natural photoperiod might induce marginal costs that would accumulate over time and forward affect fitness. It was proposed as the circadian resonance theory. For the first time, we aimed to evaluate these physiological and cognitive costs that would partially explain the mechanisms of the circadian resonance hypothesis. We evaluated the potential costs of imposing a 26 h photoperiodic regimen compared to the classical 24 h entrainment measuring several physiological and cognitive parameters (body temperature, energetic expenditure, oxidative stress, cognitive performances) in males of a non-human primate (Microcebus murinus), a nocturnal species whose endogenous period is about 23.5 h. We found significant higher resting body temperature and energy expenditure and lower cognitive performances when the photoperiodic cycle length was 26 h. Together these results suggest that a great deviation of external cycles from tau leads to daily greater energetic expenditure, and lower cognitive capacities. To our knowledge, this study is the first to highlight potential mechanisms of circadian resonance theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Pifferi
- UMR CNRS MNHN 7179 MECADEV, 1 Avenue du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy, France
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Schubert JR, Stewart E, Coles ME. Later Bedtimes Predict Prospective Increases in Symptom Severity in Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): An Initial Study. Behav Sleep Med 2020; 18:500-512. [PMID: 31151357 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2019.1615490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies of sleep in individuals with OCD have often focused on sleep duration. Several studies have found that individuals with OCD sleep less than healthy controls while others have failed to find significant group differences. Addressing sleep timing has been much more rare, but have consistently shown that many individuals with severe OCD in inpatient facilities had markedly elevated rates of disruptions in sleep timing. We extend prior work by testing prospective relations between sleep and OC symptoms in individuals representing a range of OC symptom severity. Twenty-six individuals diagnosed with OCD, 18 healthy controls, and 10 with subthreshold OC symptoms, completed seven days of sleep diaries and OCD symptom ratings. Results showed that sleep timing (later bedtimes) predicted prospective increases in both obsessions and compulsions in individuals with OCD but not the other two groups. In contrast, there were no significant effects of sleep duration. The significant effects of sleep timing in the OCD group were maintained controlling for depressive symptoms and OCD symptoms did not predict prospective changes in sleep timing. In conclusion, there is increasing evidence that sleep timing may play an important role in OCD and additional work in this area is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Schubert
- Veteran's Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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43
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Sleep duration and timing in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): evidence for circadian phase delay. Sleep Med 2020; 72:111-117. [PMID: 32575000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate potential delays in endogenous melatonin in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS First, data are presented for 15 individuals with OCD and matched healthy controls. Next, nine additional participants with OCD who did not have matched controls were added, resulting in a sample of 24 individuals with OCD. All participants were assessed for sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was derived from salivary melatonin and was used in conjunction with sleep diaries, interview measures, and questionnaires. A subset of the OCD group (n = 16) also used actigraphy. RESULTS In sum, 42% percent (10/24) of the patients with OCD met the criteria for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) in comparison to 0% in the control sample. DLMO was significantly later in individuals with OCD compared to controls. DLMO and bedtime were not significantly associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Replication of the findings presented herein, particularly the DLMO results, is warranted. Further, there are now three studies showing that nearly ½ of individuals with OCD meet criteria for a DSWPD. Future studies can explore the mechanisms underlying these connections and the implications of this comorbidity. These findings may increase our understanding of OCD and inform future interventions.
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44
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Ruiz-Gayo M, Olmo ND. Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms, Energy Metabolism, and Cognitive Function. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2416-2425. [PMID: 32156228 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200310145006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between meal timing and light regulates circadian rhythms in mammals and not only determines the sleep-wake pattern but also the activity of the endocrine system. Related with that, the necessity to fulfill energy needs is a driving force that requires the participation of cognitive skills whose performance has been shown to undergo circadian variations. These facts have led to the concept that cognition and feeding behaviour can be analysed from a chronobiological perspective. In this context, research carried out during the last two decades has evidenced the link between feeding behaviour/nutritional habits and cognitive processes, and has highlighted the impact of circadian disorders on cognitive decline. All that has allowed hypothesizing a tight relationship between nutritional factors, chronobiology, and cognition. In this connection, experimental diets containing elevated amounts of fat and sugar (high-fat diets; HFDs) have been shown to alter in rodents the circadian distribution of meals, and to have a negative impact on cognition and motivational aspects of behaviour that disappear when animals are forced to adhere to a standard temporal eating pattern. In this review, we will present relevant studies focussing on the effect of HFDs on cognitive aspects of behaviour, paying particular attention to the influence that chronobiological alterations caused by these diets may have on hippocampaldependent cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria D Olmo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Umemura GS, Pinho JP, Santos JPFC, Forner-Cordero A. Assessment of postural control after sleep deprivation with a low-cost portable force plate. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:2316-2319. [PMID: 31946363 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that acute sleep deprivation affects negatively postural control. The analysis of sleep quality during long periods and its impact on motor control and learning performance are crucial aspects of human health. Nevertheless, there is conflicting evidence regarding which postural control variables are more prone to change due to sleep deprivation. Moreover, very few clinicians have at their disposal expensive force plates to measure such variables, so the use of a low-cost portable device could be very interesting. Therefore, we aimed to identify which posture control variables, obtained from a low-cost plate, are more sensitive to sleep deprivation. In order to do so, we have performed a set of experiments with volunteers before and after a night without sleep. Eight participants took part of the study and had their balance measured by a Wii Balance Board before and after one night of sleep deprivation. They were asked to keep a quiet stance on top of the plate with their eyes open and closed, in a balanced design. The main results showed that, regardless the visual information, sleep deprivation has deepest impact on the anterior-posterior center of pressure displacement. Sleep deprivation without visual information had a more pronounced (large effect size) impact on the mean sway in the anterior-posterior direction and its distribution variation. The information that sleep deprivation has a more meaningful impact on anterior-posterior center of pressure excursion may help clinicians and healthcare professionals to better deal with its implications.
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46
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Dibner C. The importance of being rhythmic: Living in harmony with your body clocks. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13281. [PMID: 30980501 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have developed in all light-sensitive organisms, including humans, as a fundamental anticipatory mechanism that enables proactive adaptation to environmental changes. The circadian system is organized in a highly hierarchical manner, with clocks operative in most cells of the body ensuring the temporal coordination of physiological processes. Circadian misalignment, stemming from modern life style, draws increasing attention due to its tight association with the development of metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory and mental diseases as well as cancer. This review highlights recent findings emphasizing the role of the circadian system in the temporal orchestration of physiology, with a particular focus on implications of circadian misalignment in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University Hospital of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) Geneva Switzerland
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Shift rotation, circadian misalignment and excessive body weight influence psychomotor performance: a prospective and observational study under real life conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19333. [PMID: 31852906 PMCID: PMC6920148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the influence of shift work rotation, circadian misalignment and being overweight/obese on psychomotor performance throughout a complete shift rotation schedule. The study was conducted with 30 males working rotating shifts from a mining company under real life conditions. Individuals were evaluated over seven days in a shift schedule carried out as follow: two shifts in the morning (D1 and D2), two shifts in the afternoon (D3 and D4), 24 hour free day (D5) and two shifts at night (D6 and D7). Work performance was evaluated by psychomotor vigilance task tests (PVT), and actigraphy was used to characterise the rest-activity rhythm based on intradaily variability (IV) and interdaily stability (IS) of nonparametric functions. We found a significant effect of the shift, body mass index (BMI), IS and IV on lapses in attention. More lapses occurred on D7 than D1, D2, D3 and D4 of the schedule shift. The obese group presented a higher number of lapses in attention than eutrophic. The interaction between day and IS showed that less synchronised individuals presented a higher number of lapses in attention on D7 than D1 and, for the interaction between day and IV, more fragmented individuals presented a higher number of lapses in attention on D7 than D6. We conclude that higher BMI, lower synchronisation and higher fragmentation of the rest-activity pattern influenced lapses in attention throughout the shift rotation.
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Smit AN, Michalik M, Livingstone AC, Mistlberger RE, McDonald JJ. Circadian misalignment impairs ability to suppress visual distractions. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13485. [PMID: 31613010 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evening-type individuals often perform poorly in the morning because of a mismatch between internal circadian time and external social time, a condition recognized as social jet lag. Performance impairments near the morning circadian (~24 hr) trough have been attributed to deficits in attention, but the nature of the impairment is unknown. Using electrophysiological indices of attentional selection (N2pc) and suppression (PD ), we show that evening-type individuals have a specific disability in suppressing irrelevant visual distractions. More specifically, evening-type individuals managed to suppress a salient distractor in an afternoon testing session, as evidenced by a PD , but were less able to suppress the distractor in a morning testing session, as evidenced by an attenuated PD and a concomitant distractor-elicited N2pc. Morning chronotypes, who would be well past their circadian trough at the time of testing, did not show this deficit at either test time. These results indicate that failure to filter out irrelevant stimuli at an early stage of perceptual processing contributes to impaired cognitive functioning at nonoptimal times of day and may underlie real-world performance impairments, such as distracted driving, that have been associated with circadian mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Smit
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mateusz Michalik
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley C Livingstone
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ralph E Mistlberger
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John J McDonald
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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McMahon WR, Ftouni S, Drummond SPA, Maruff P, Lockley SW, Rajaratnam SMW, Anderson C. The wake maintenance zone shows task dependent changes in cognitive function following one night without sleep. Sleep 2019; 41:5086290. [PMID: 30169703 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives The interaction between homeostatic sleep pressure and circadian timing modulates the impact of sleep deprivation on cognition. We aimed to investigate how this interaction affects different cognitive functions. Methods Twenty-three healthy volunteers (18 males; mean age = 25.4 ± 5.7 years) underwent 40 hours of sleep deprivation under constant routine conditions. Performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Test and a cognitive battery assessing vigilant attention, complex attention, recognition memory, and working memory was assessed in the morning (27 hours awake) and evening (37 hours awake) during sleep deprivation and compared to well-rested performance 24 hours earlier. Circadian phase assessments confirmed evening tests occurred in the wake maintenance zone (WMZ). Results Increased time awake significantly impacted performance on all measures except recognition memory. Post hoc analyses found performance on all measures was significantly impaired in the morning following 27 hours of sleep deprivation compared to well-rested performance 24 hours earlier. In contrast, complex attention and working memory were preserved in the WMZ after 37 hours awake compared to 24 hours earlier, while vigilant attention and PVT performance were significantly impaired. During sleep deprivation, composite scores of speed and accuracy were both impaired in the morning, while only speed was impaired during the WMZ. Conclusions We observed task- and time-dependent effects of sleep deprivation, such that vigilant attention was significantly impaired after both 27 hours and 37 hours awake (compared to when well-rested at the same circadian clock time). In contrast, complex attention and working memory were impaired at 27 hours awake, but preserved in the WMZ despite increased homeostatic sleep pressure (37 hours awake).
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Affiliation(s)
- William R McMahon
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Ftouni
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cogstate Ltd., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven W Lockley
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Cederroth CR, Albrecht U, Bass J, Brown SA, Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen J, Gachon F, Green CB, Hastings MH, Helfrich-Förster C, Hogenesch JB, Lévi F, Loudon A, Lundkvist GB, Meijer JH, Rosbash M, Takahashi JS, Young M, Canlon B. Medicine in the Fourth Dimension. Cell Metab 2019; 30:238-250. [PMID: 31390550 PMCID: PMC6881776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of circadian biology has rarely been considered in pre-clinical studies, and even more when translating to the bedside. Circadian biology is becoming a critical factor for improving drug efficacy and diminishing drug toxicity. Indeed, there is emerging evidence showing that some drugs are more effective at nighttime than daytime, whereas for others it is the opposite. This suggests that the biology of the target cell will determine how an organ will respond to a drug at a specific time of the day, thus modulating pharmacodynamics. Thus, it is now time that circadian factors become an integral part of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cederroth
- Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Steven A Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Frederic Gachon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Carla B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael H Hastings
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Francis Lévi
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, School of Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Warwick University on "Personalized Cancer Chronotherapeutics through System Medicine" (C2SysMed), European Associated Laboratory of the Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Andrew Loudon
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Young
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Barbara Canlon
- Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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