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Cheng YT, Lett KM, Xu C, Schaffer CB. Three-photon excited fluorescence microscopy enables imaging of blood flow, neural structure and inflammatory response deep into mouse spinal cord in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588110. [PMID: 38617307 PMCID: PMC11014502 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy enables non-invasive imaging in scattering samples with cellular resolution. The spinal cord connects the brain with the periphery and governs fundamental behaviors such as locomotion and somatosensation. Because of dense myelination on the dorsal surface, imaging to the spinal grey matter is challenging, even with two-photon microscopy. Here we show that three-photon excited fluorescence (3PEF) microscopy enables multicolor imaging at depths of up to ~550 μm into the mouse spinal cord, in vivo. We quantified blood flow across vessel types along the spinal vascular network. We then followed the response of neurites and microglia after occlusion of a surface venule, where we observed depth-dependent structural changes in neurites and interactions of perivascular microglia with vessel branches upstream from the clot. This work establishes that 3PEF imaging enables studies of functional dynamics and cell type interactions in the top 550 μm of the murine spinal cord, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kawasi M. Lett
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chris B. Schaffer
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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2
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Johann L, Soldati S, Müller K, Lampe J, Marini F, Klein M, Schramm E, Ries N, Schelmbauer C, Palagi I, Karram K, Assmann JC, Khan MA, Wenzel J, Schmidt MH, Körbelin J, Schlüter D, van Loo G, Bopp T, Engelhardt B, Schwaninger M, Waisman A. A20 regulates lymphocyte adhesion in murine neuroinflammation by restricting endothelial ICOSL expression in the CNS. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168314. [PMID: 37856217 PMCID: PMC10721159 DOI: 10.1172/jci168314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A20 is a ubiquitin-modifying protein that negatively regulates NF-κB signaling. Mutations in A20/TNFAIP3 are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We found that deletion of A20 in central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells (ECs) enhances experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. A20ΔCNS-EC mice showed increased numbers of CNS-infiltrating immune cells during neuroinflammation and in the steady state. While the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was not impaired, we observed a strong activation of CNS-ECs in these mice, with dramatically increased levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. We discovered ICOSL to be expressed by A20-deficient CNS-ECs, which we found to function as adhesion molecules. Silencing of ICOSL in CNS microvascular ECs partly reversed the phenotype of A20ΔCNS-EC mice without reaching statistical significance and delayed the onset of EAE symptoms in WT mice. In addition, blocking of ICOSL on primary mouse brain microvascular ECs impaired the adhesion of T cells in vitro. Taken together, we propose that CNS EC-ICOSL contributes to the firm adhesion of T cells to the BBB, promoting their entry into the CNS and eventually driving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Ries
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilaria Palagi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian C. Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahtab A. Khan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirko H.H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
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3
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Brummer T, Schillner M, Steffen F, Kneilmann F, Wasser B, Uphaus T, Zipp F, Bittner S. Spatial transcriptomics and neurofilament light chain reveal changes in lesion patterns in murine autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:262. [PMID: 37957728 PMCID: PMC10644497 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ongoing neuroaxonal damage is a major contributor to disease progression and long-term disability in multiple sclerosis. However, spatio-temporal distribution and pathophysiological mechanisms of neuroaxonal damage during acute relapses and later chronic disease stages remain poorly understood. METHODS Here, we applied immunohistochemistry, single-molecule array, spatial transcriptomics, and microglia/axon co-cultures to gain insight into spatio-temporal neuroaxonal damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). RESULTS Association of spinal cord white matter lesions and blood-based neurofilament light (sNfL) levels revealed a distinct, stage-dependent anatomical pattern of neuroaxonal damage: in chronic EAE, sNfL levels were predominately associated with anterolateral lumbar lesions, whereas in early EAE sNfL showed no correlation with lesions in any anatomical location. Furthermore, neuroaxonal damage in late EAE was largely confined to white matter lesions but showed a widespread distribution in early EAE. Following this pattern of neuroaxonal damage, spatial transcriptomics revealed a widespread cyto- and chemokine response at early disease stages, whereas late EAE was characterized by a prominent glial cell accumulation in white matter lesions. These findings were corroborated by immunohistochemistry and microglia/axon co-cultures, which further revealed a strong association between CNS myeloid cell activation and neuroaxonal damage both in vivo and in vitro. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that CNS myeloid cells may play a crucial role in driving neuroaxonal damage in EAE. Moreover, neuroaxonal damage can progress in a stage-dependent centripetal manner, transitioning from normal-appearing white matter to focal white matter lesions. These insights may contribute to a better understanding of neurodegeneration and elevated sNfL levels observed in multiple sclerosis patients at different disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brummer
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Schillner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Falk Steffen
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Flores Kneilmann
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beatrice Wasser
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Timo Uphaus
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (Rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Sciarretta F, Ceci V, Tiberi M, Zaccaria F, Li H, Zhou ZY, Sun Q, Konja D, Matteocci A, Bhusal A, Verri M, Fresegna D, Balletta S, Ninni A, Di Biagio C, Rosina M, Suk K, Centonze D, Wang Y, Chiurchiù V, Aquilano K, Lettieri-Barbato D. Lipocalin-2 promotes adipose-macrophage interactions to shape peripheral and central inflammatory responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101783. [PMID: 37517520 PMCID: PMC10448472 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) plays a major role in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common immune-mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the etiology and progression of MS is still obscure. This study aimed at deciphering the responses of AT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the best characterized animal model of MS. RESULTS AND METHODS We observed a significant AT loss in EAE mice at the onset of disease, with a significant infiltration of M1-like macrophages and fibrosis in the AT, resembling a cachectic phenotype. Through an integrative and multilayered approach, we identified lipocalin2 (LCN2) as the key molecule released by dysfunctional adipocytes through redox-dependent mechanism. Adipose-derived LCN2 shapes the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, and the genetic deficiency of LCN2 specifically in AT reduced weight loss as well as inflammatory macrophage infiltration in spinal cord in EAE mice. Mature adipocytes downregulating LCN2 reduced lipolytic response to inflammatory stimuli (e.g. TNFα) through an ATGL-mediated mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Overall data highlighted a role LCN2 in exacerbating inflammatory phenotype in EAE model, suggesting a pathogenic role of dysfunctional AT in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Ceci
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Haoyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyang Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniels Konja
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alessandro Matteocci
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; PhD program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied biotechnologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Martina Verri
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Balletta
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Andrea Ninni
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Biagio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rosina
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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5
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Colella P, Sayana R, Suarez-Nieto MV, Sarno J, Nyame K, Xiong J, Vera LNP, Basurto JA, Corbo M, Limaye A, Davis KL, Abu-Remaileh M, Gomez-Ospina N. CNS Repopulation by Hematopoietic-Derived Microglia-Like Cells Corrects Progranulin deficiency. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3263412. [PMID: 37790525 PMCID: PMC10543302 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3263412/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can deliver therapeutic proteins to the CNS through donor-derived hematopoietic cells that become microglia-like cells. However, using standard conditioning approaches, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently limited by low and slow engraftment of microglia-like cells. We report an efficient conditioning regimen based on Busulfan and a six-day course of microglia depletion using the colony-stimulating factor receptor 1 inhibitor PLX3397. Combining Busulfan-myeloablation and transient microglia depletion results in robust, rapid, and persistent microglia replacement by bone marrow-derived microglia-like cells throughout the CNS. Adding PLX3397 does not affect neurobehavior or has adverse effects on hematopoietic reconstitution. Through single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional CyTOF mass cytometry, we show that microglia-like cells are a heterogeneous population and describe six distinct subpopulations. Though most bone-marrow-derived microglia-like cells can be classified as homeostatic microglia, their gene signature is a hybrid of homeostatic/embryonic microglia and border associated-macrophages. Busulfan-myeloablation and transient microglia depletion induce specific cytokines in the brain, ultimately combining myeloid proliferative and chemo-attractive signals that act locally to repopulate microglia from outside the niche. Importantly, this conditioning approach demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of GRN deficiency. Transplanting wild-type bone marrow into Grn-/- mice conditioned with Busulfan plus PLX3397 results in high engraftment of microglia-like cells in the brain and retina, restoring GRN levels and normalizing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Ruhi Sayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | | | - Jolanda Sarno
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Kwamina Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | | | - Marco Corbo
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA 94404
| | - Anay Limaye
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA 94404
| | - Kara Lynn Davis
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
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6
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Kiss MG, Mindur JE, Yates AG, Lee D, Fullard JF, Anzai A, Poller WC, Christie KA, Iwamoto Y, Roudko V, Downey J, Chan CT, Huynh P, Janssen H, Ntranos A, Hoffmann JD, Jacob W, Goswami S, Singh S, Leppert D, Kuhle J, Kim-Schulze S, Nahrendorf M, Kleinstiver BP, Probert F, Roussos P, Swirski FK, McAlpine CS. Interleukin-3 coordinates glial-peripheral immune crosstalk to incite multiple sclerosis. Immunity 2023; 56:1502-1514.e8. [PMID: 37160117 PMCID: PMC10524830 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells and central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating leukocytes contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the networks that govern crosstalk among these ontologically distinct populations remain unclear. Here, we show that, in mice and humans, CNS-resident astrocytes and infiltrating CD44hiCD4+ T cells generated interleukin-3 (IL-3), while microglia and recruited myeloid cells expressed interleukin-3 receptor-ɑ (IL-3Rɑ). Astrocytic and T cell IL-3 elicited an immune migratory and chemotactic program by IL-3Rɑ+ myeloid cells that enhanced CNS immune cell infiltration, exacerbating MS and its preclinical model. Multiregional snRNA-seq of human CNS tissue revealed the appearance of IL3RA-expressing myeloid cells with chemotactic programming in MS plaques. IL3RA expression by plaque myeloid cells and IL-3 amount in the cerebrospinal fluid predicted myeloid and T cell abundance in the CNS and correlated with MS severity. Our findings establish IL-3:IL-3RA as a glial-peripheral immune network that prompts immune cell recruitment to the CNS and worsens MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté G Kiss
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John E Mindur
- Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abi G Yates
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics and the Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology and the Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics and the Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology and the Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atsushi Anzai
- Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram C Poller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Christie
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Roudko
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pacific Huynh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrike Janssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Achilles Ntranos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan D Hoffmann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walter Jacob
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sukanya Goswami
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sumnima Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Leppert
- Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology and Department Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panos Roussos
- Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics and the Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology and the Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and the Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Systems Biology and the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Distéfano-Gagné F, Bitarafan S, Lacroix S, Gosselin D. Roles and regulation of microglia activity in multiple sclerosis: insights from animal models. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41583-023-00709-6. [PMID: 37268822 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As resident macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critical immune effectors of inflammatory lesions and associated neural dysfunctions. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal models, chronic microglial inflammatory activity damages myelin and disrupts axonal and synaptic activity. In contrast to these detrimental effects, the potent phagocytic and tissue-remodelling capabilities of microglia support critical endogenous repair mechanisms. Although these opposing capabilities have long been appreciated, a precise understanding of their underlying molecular effectors is only beginning to emerge. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the roles of microglia in animal models of MS and demyelinating lesions and the mechanisms that underlie their damaging and repairing activities. We also discuss how the structured organization and regulation of the genome enables complex transcriptional heterogeneity within the microglial cell population at demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Distéfano-Gagné
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - David Gosselin
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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8
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Composite Fibrin and Carbon Microfibre Implant to Modulate Postraumatic Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060839. [PMID: 36980180 PMCID: PMC10047285 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) drives the development of novel strategies to manage this devastating condition. We recently showed promising immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative actions of bio-functionalized carbon microfibres (MFs) implanted in a rodent model of SCI. In order to maximize tissue repair while easing MF implantation, we produced a composite implant based on the embedding of several MFs within a fibrin hydrogel. We used intravital imaging of fluorescent reporter mice at the early stages and spinal sections of the same animals 3 months later to characterize the neuroinflammatory response to the implant and its impact on axonal regeneration. Whereas fibrin alone was inert in the first week, its enzymatic degradation drove the chronic activation of microglial cells and axonal degeneration within 3 months. However, the presence of MFs inside the fibrin hydrogel slowed down fibrin degradation and boosted the early recruitment of immune cells. Noteworthy, there was an enhanced contribution of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), preceding a faster transition toward an anti-inflammatory environment with increased axonal regeneration over 3 months. The inclusion of MF here ensured the long-term biocompatibility of fibrin hydrogels, which would otherwise preclude successful spinal cord regeneration.
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9
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Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:243-266. [PMID: 36803815 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by complex multifactorial pathogeneses, thus posing a challenge for standard therapeutic approaches that tend to focus only on one underlying disease aspect. For systemically administered drugs, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is yet another major obstacle to overcome. In this context, naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) with intrinsic ability to cross the BBB have been investigated as therapeutics for various diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. EVs are cell-derived, lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles carrying a broad spectrum of biologically active molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication. In a therapeutic context, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs are in the spotlight because they reflect the therapeutic properties of their parental cells and, thus, hold promise as independent cell-free therapeutics. On the other hand, EVs can be used as drug delivery vehicles by modifying their surface or content, e.g., by decorating the surface with brain-specific ligands or loading the EVs with therapeutic RNAs or proteins, thus further enhancing the EV's targeting and therapeutic potency, respectively. Although EVs have been deemed safe for use in humans, some obstacles remain that prevent their progression into clinics. This review scrutinizes the promises and challenges of EV-based treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
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10
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Role of DAMPs and cell death in autoimmune diseases: the example of multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2023; 24:57-70. [PMID: 36750753 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology and still incompletely clarified pathogenesis. The disease is generally considered a disorder resulting from a complex interplay between environmental risk factors and predisposing causal genetic variants. To examine the etiopathogenesis of the disease, two complementary pre-clinical models are currently discussed: the "outside-in" model proposing a peripherally elicited inflammatory/autoimmune attack against degraded myelin as the cause of the disease, and the "inside-out" paradigm implying a primary cytodegenerative process of cells in the CNS that triggers secondary reactive inflammatory/autoimmune responses against myelin debris. In this review, the integrating pathogenetic role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in these two scenario models is examined by focusing on the origin and sources of these molecules, which are known to promote neuroinflammation and, via activation of pattern recognition receptor-bearing antigen-presenting cells, drive and shape autoimmune responses. In particular, environmental factors are discussed that are conceptually defined as agents which produce endogenous DAMPs via induction of regulated cell death (RCD) or act themselves as exogenous DAMPs. Indeed, in the field of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, recent research has focused on environmental triggers that cause secondary events in terms of subroutines of RCD, which have been identified as prolific sources of DAMPs. Finally, a model of a DAMP-driven positive feed-forward loop of chronic inflammatory demyelinating processes is proposed, aimed at reconciling the competing "inside-out" and "outside-in" paradigms.
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11
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Li H, Zeng Y, Luo S, Li Z, Huang F, Liu Z. GPX4 aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting the functions of CD4 + T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:57-65. [PMID: 36565564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmunity disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that mostly happens in young adults. The chronic clinical features of MS include inflammatory demyelination, infiltration of immune cells, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which have been proved to be associated with CD4+ T cells. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death mediated by the massive lipid peroxidation and more sensitive to CD4+ T cells. However, the effect of ferroptosis of CD4+ T cells on the occurrence and progression of MS retains unclear. Here, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used to investigate the role of GPX4, a leading inhibitor of ferroptosis, which plays in the function of CD4+ T cells. Our results showed that GPX4 was highly expressed in CD4+ T cells of MS patients based on existing databases. Strikingly, conditional knockout of GPX4 in CD4cre mice (cKO mice) significantly alleviated the average symptom scores and immunopathology of EAE. The infiltration of immune cells, including CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and the generation of GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IL-17A, were remarkably reduced in the CNS from cKO mice compared with WT mice. These findings further revealed the vital role of GPX4 in the expansion and function of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, GPX4-deficient CD4+ T cells were susceptible to ferroptosis in EAE model. Overall, this study provided novel insights into therapeutic strategies targeting GPX4 in CD4+ T cells for inhibiting CNS inflammation and treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Li
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingying Zeng
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shunchang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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12
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Senol H, Ozgun-Acar O, Dağ A, Eken A, Guner H, Aykut ZG, Topcu G, Sen A. Synthesis and Comprehensive in Vivo Activity Profiling of Olean-12-en-28-ol, 3β-Pentacosanoate in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Natural Remyelinating and Anti-Inflammatory Agent. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:103-118. [PMID: 36598820 PMCID: PMC9887603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment has received much attention, yet there is still no certain cure. We herein investigate the therapeutic effect of olean-12-en-28-ol, 3β-pentacosanoate (OPCA) on a preclinical model of MS. First, OPCA was synthesized semisynthetically and characterized. Then, the mice with MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were given OPCA along with a reference drug (FTY720). Biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses were performed in serum and brain tissues to measure anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses. OPCA treatment protected EAE-induced changes in mouse brains maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity and preventing inflammation. Moreover, the protein and mRNA levels of MS-related genes such as HLD-DR1, CCL5, TNF-α, IL6, and TGFB1 were significantly reduced in OPCA-treated mouse brains. Notably, the expression of genes, including PLP, MBP, and MAG, involved in the development and structure of myelin was significantly elevated in OPCA-treated EAE. Furthermore, therapeutic OPCA effects included a substantial reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of treated EAE animals. Lastly, following OPCA treatment, the promoter regions for most inflammatory regulators were hypermethylated. These data support that OPCA is a valuable and appealing candidate for human MS treatment since OPCA not only normalizes the pro- and anti-inflammatory immunological bias but also stimulates remyelination in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Senol
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozden Ozgun-Acar
- Seed
Breeding & Genetics Application Research Center, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aydan Dağ
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Guner
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Abdullah Gul 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Gulacti Topcu
- Department
of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alaattin Sen
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Abdullah Gul 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Pamukkale University, 20070 Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey
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13
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Buttigieg E, Scheller A, El Waly B, Kirchhoff F, Debarbieux F. Contribution of Intravital Neuroimaging to Study Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:22-38. [PMID: 36653665 PMCID: PMC10119369 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and long-lasting neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by the loss of myelin within the white matter and cortical fibers, axonopathy, and inflammatory responses leading to consequent sensory-motor and cognitive deficits of patients. While complete resolution of the disease is not yet a reality, partial tissue repair has been observed in patients which offers hope for therapeutic strategies. To address the molecular and cellular events of the pathomechanisms, a variety of animal models have been developed to investigate distinct aspects of MS disease. Recent advances of multiscale intravital imaging facilitated the direct in vivo analysis of MS in the animal models with perspective of clinical transfer to patients. This review gives an overview of MS animal models, focusing on the current imaging modalities at the microscopic and macroscopic levels and emphasizing the importance of multimodal approaches to improve our understanding of the disease and minimize the use of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Buttigieg
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7289, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bilal El Waly
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7289, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Franck Debarbieux
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7289, 13005, Marseille, France.
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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14
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Gene Expression Profile in the Sandhoff Mouse Brain with Progression of Age. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112020. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the family of diseases called GM2 Gangliosidosis. There is no curative treatment of SD. The molecular pathogenesis of SD is still unclear though it is clear that the pathology initiates with the build-up of ganglioside followed by microglial activation, inflammation, demyelination and apoptosis, leading to massive neuronal loss. In this article, we explored the expression profile of selected immune and myelination associated transcripts (Wfdc17, Ccl3, Lyz2, Fa2h, Mog and Ugt8a) at 5-, 10- and 16-weeks, representing young, pre-symptomatic and late stages of the SD mice. We found that immune system related genes (Wfdc17, Ccl3, Lyz2) are significantly upregulated by several fold at all ages in Hexb-KO mice relative to Hexb-het mice, while the difference in the expression levels of myelination related genes is not statistically significant. There is an age-dependent significant increase in expression of microglial/pro-inflammatory genes, from 5-weeks to the near humane end-point, i.e., 16-week time point; while the expression of those genes involved in myelination decreases slightly or remains unchanged. Future studies warrant use of new high-throughput gene expression modalities (such as 10X genomics) to delineate the underlying pathogenesis in SD by detecting gene expression changes in specific neuronal cell types and thus, paving the way for rational and precise therapeutic modalities.
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15
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Marenna S, Huang SC, Rossi E, Castoldi V, Comi G, Leocani L. Transcranial direct current stimulation as a preventive treatment in multiple sclerosis? Preclinical evidence. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114201. [PMID: 35963325 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, presenting with optic neuritis in about 20-30% of cases. Optic nerve demyelination, associated with delay of visual evoked potentials (VEPs), is also observed prior to motor signs in the preclinical MS model Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), inducing polarity-dependent changes in neuronal excitability, is widely used to promote neuroplasticity in several neurological disorders. However, its potential effects on inflammation and demyelination are largely unknown. We tested the effectiveness of a preventive, 5-day tDCS treatment started 3 days post-immunization, in reducing the severity of VEP delays observed in early EAE. In mice undergoing cathodal tDCS (n = 6/26 eyes) VEPs were significantly less delayed compared with eyes from EAE-Sham (n = 24/32 eyes) and EAE-Anodal (n = 22/32 eyes). Optic nerve immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower cell density of microglia/macrophages, and less axonal loss in EAE-Cathodal vs EAE-Sham and EAE-Anodal, while the percent demyelination with Luxol-fast blue staining was comparable among EAE groups. Considering the latter result, immunofluorescence paranodal staining was performed, revealing a significantly higher number of complete paranode domains in EAE-Cathodal, closer to healthy mice, compared with EAE-Sham and EAE-Anodal groups. These results were reflected by the negative correlation between the number of complete paranode domains and VEP latency increase with respect to pre-immunization. Finally, cathodal tDCS was associated with a lower number, closer to healthy, of single paranodes in contrast to EAE-Sham. The effects of cathodal stimulation in preventing VEPs delays and optic nerve myelin damage were already observed in the pre-motor onset EAE stage, and were associated with a lower density of inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that tDCS may exert an anti-inflammatory effect with potential therapeutic application to be further explored in autoimmune demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marenna
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Su-Chun Huang
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Rossi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valerio Castoldi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Università Vita-Salute, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Università Vita-Salute, San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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16
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Luoqian J, Yang W, Ding X, Tuo QZ, Xiang Z, Zheng Z, Guo YJ, Li L, Guan P, Ayton S, Dong B, Zhang H, Hu H, Lei P. Ferroptosis promotes T-cell activation-induced neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:913-924. [PMID: 35676325 PMCID: PMC9338013 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While many drugs are effective at reducing the relapse frequency of multiple sclerosis (MS), there is an unmet need for treatments that slow neurodegeneration resulting from secondary disease progression. The mechanism of neurodegeneration in MS has not yet been established. Here, we discovered a potential pathogenetic role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death mechanism, in MS. We found that critical ferroptosis proteins (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, ACSL4) were altered in an existing genomic database of MS patients, and biochemical features of ferroptosis, including lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial shrinkage, were observed in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model. Targeting ferroptosis with ferroptosis inhibitors or reducing ACSL4 expression improved the behavioral phenotypes of EAE mice, reduced neuroinflammation, and prevented neuronal death. We found that ferroptosis was an early event in EAE, which may promote T-cell activation through T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that ferroptosis may be a potential target for treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Luoqian
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xulong Ding
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoyue Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengbo Guan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and Center for Immunology and Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Wang L, Noyer L, Wang YH, Tao AY, Li W, Zhu J, Saavedra P, Hoda ST, Yang J, Feske S. ORAI3 is dispensable for store-operated Ca2+ entry and immune responses by lymphocytes and macrophages. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213360. [PMID: 35861698 PMCID: PMC9532584 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signals regulate the function of many immune cells and promote immune responses to infection, cancer, and autoantigens. Ca2+ influx in immune cells is mediated by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) that results from the opening of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. The CRAC channel is formed by three plasma membrane proteins, ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3. Of these, ORAI1 is the best studied and plays important roles in immune function. By contrast, the physiological role of ORAI3 in immune cells remains elusive. We show here that ORAI3 is expressed in many immune cells including macrophages, B cells, and T cells. To investigate ORAI3 function in immune cells, we generated Orai3-/- mice. The development of lymphoid and myeloid cells in the thymus and bone marrow was normal in Orai3-/- mice, as was the composition of immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Deletion of Orai3 did not affect SOCE in B cells and T cells but moderately enhanced SOCE in macrophages. Orai3-deficient macrophages, B cells, and T cells had normal effector functions in vitro. Immune responses in vivo, including humoral immunity (T cell dependent or independent) and antitumor immunity, were normal in Orai3-/- mice. Moreover, Orai3-/- mice showed no differences in susceptibility to septic shock, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, or collagen-induced arthritis. We conclude that despite its expression in myeloid and lymphoid cells, ORAI3 appears to be dispensable or redundant for physiological and pathological immune responses mediated by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lucile Noyer
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Y. Tao
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Pedro Saavedra
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Syed T. Hoda
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY,Correspondence to Stefan Feske:
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18
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Lindsay SL, Molęda AM, MacLellan LM, Keh SM, McElroy DE, Linington C, Goodyear CS, Barnett SC. Human olfactory mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis revealing an inhibitory role for IL16 on myelination. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:12. [PMID: 35093166 PMCID: PMC8800340 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of the autoimmune demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) is bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (hBM-MSCs) transplantation. However, given their capacity to enhance myelination in vitro, we hypothesised that human olfactory mucosa-derived MSCs (hOM-MSCs) may possess additional properties suitable for CNS repair. Herein, we have examined the efficacy of hOM-MSCs versus hBM-MSCs using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Both MSC types ameliorated disease, if delivered during the initial onset of symptomatic disease. Yet, only hOM-MSCs improved disease outcome if administered during established disease when animals had severe neurological deficits. Histological analysis of spinal cord lesions revealed hOM-MSC transplantation reduced blood–brain barrier disruption and inflammatory cell recruitment and enhanced axonal survival. At early time points post-hOM-MSC treatment, animals had reduced levels of circulating IL-16, which was reflected in both the ability of immune cells to secrete IL-16 and the level of IL-16 in spinal cord inflammatory lesions. Further in vitro investigation revealed an inhibitory role for IL-16 on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Moreover, the availability of bioactive IL-16 after demyelination was reduced in the presence of hOM-MSCs. Combined, our data suggests that human hOM-MSCs may have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of MS via an IL-16-mediated pathway, especially if administered during active demyelination and inflammation.
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19
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Weliwitigoda A, Palle P, Gessner M, Hubbard NW, Oukka M, Bettelli E. Cutting Edge: DOCK8 Regulates a Subset of Dendritic Cells That Is Critical for the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2417-2422. [PMID: 34663621 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor with an essential role in cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell migration, and survival of various immune cells. Interestingly, DOCK8-deficient mice are resistant to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To understand if EAE resistance in these mice results from an alteration in dendritic cell (DC) functions, we generated mice with conditional deletion of DOCK8 in DCs and observed attenuated EAE in these mice compared with control mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that DOCK8 is important for the existence of splenic conventional DC2 and lymph node migratory DCs and further established that migratory DC, rather than resident DC, are essential for the generation and proliferation of pathogenic T cell populations upon immunization with myelin Ag in adjuvant. Therefore, our data suggest that limiting migratory DCs through DOCK8 deletion and possibly other mechanisms could limit the development of CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanga Weliwitigoda
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Pushpalatha Palle
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Melissa Gessner
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Mohamed Oukka
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Estelle Bettelli
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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20
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Wang H, Newton G, Wu L, Lin LL, Miracco AS, Natesan S, Luscinskas FW. CD47 antibody blockade suppresses microglia-dependent phagocytosis and monocyte transition to macrophages, impairing recovery in EAE. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148719. [PMID: 34591795 PMCID: PMC8663579 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-characterized animal model of multiple sclerosis. During the early phase of EAE, infiltrating monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to T cell recruitment, especially CD4+ T cells, into the CNS, resulting in neuronal demyelination; however, in later stages, they promote remyelination and recovery by removal of myelin debris by phagocytosis. Signal regulatory protein α and CD47 are abundantly expressed in the CNS, and deletion of either molecule is protective in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–induced EAE because of failed effector T cell expansion and trafficking. Here we report that treatment with the function blocking CD47 Ab Miap410 substantially reduced the infiltration of pathogenic immune cells but impaired recovery from paresis. The underlying mechanism was by blocking the emergence of CD11chiMHCIIhi microglia at peak disease that expressed receptors for phagocytosis, scavenging, and lipid catabolism, which mediated clearance of myelin debris and the transition of monocytes to macrophages in the CNS. In the recovery phase of EAE, Miap410 Ab–treated mice had worsening paresis with sustained inflammation and limited remyelination as compared with control Ab–treated mice. In summary, Ab blockade of CD47 impaired resolution of CNS inflammation, thus worsening EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail Newton
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liguo Wu
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy S Miracco
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sridaran Natesan
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Chawda C, McMorrow R, Gaspar N, Zambito G, Mezzanotte L. Monitoring Immune Cell Function Through Optical Imaging: a Review Highlighting Transgenic Mouse Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:250-263. [PMID: 34735680 PMCID: PMC8983637 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mouse models have facilitated research of human diseases and validation of therapeutic approaches. Inclusion of optical reporter genes (fluorescent or bioluminescent genes) in the targeting vectors used to develop such models makes in vivo imaging of cellular and molecular events possible, from the microscale to the macroscale. In particular, transgenic mouse models expressing optical reporter genes allowed accurately distinguishing immune cell types from trafficking in vivo using intravital microscopy or whole-body optical imaging. Besides lineage tracing and trafficking of different subsets of immune cells, the ability to monitor the function of immune cells is of pivotal importance for investigating the effects of immunotherapies against cancer. Here, we introduce the reader to state-of-the-art approaches to develop transgenics, optical imaging techniques, and several notable examples of transgenic mouse models developed for immunology research by critically highlighting the models that allow the following of immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Chawda
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roisin McMorrow
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Percuros B.V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasa Gaspar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Percuros B.V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Zhang J, Xu X, Liu H, Jin L, Shen X, Xie C, Xiang W, Yang D, Feng W, Wang J, Wang M, Dong T, Qiu H, Wu L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang Z. Astrocytic YAP prevents the demyelination through promoting expression of cholesterol synthesis genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:907. [PMID: 34611127 PMCID: PMC8492624 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterols are the main components of myelin, and are mainly synthesized in astrocytes and transported to oligodendrocytes and neurons in the adult brain. It has been reported that Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP) pathways are involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver, however, it remains unknown whether YAP signaling can prevent the demyelination through promoting cholesterol synthesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used animal model of multiple sclerosis characterized by neuroinflammation and demyelination. Here, we found that YAP was upregulated and activated in astrocytes of spinal cords of EAE mice through suppression of the Hippo pathway. YAP deletion in astrocytes aggravated EAE with earlier onset, severer inflammatory infiltration, demyelination, and more loss of neurons. Furthermore, we found that the neuroinflammation was aggravated and the proliferation of astrocytes was decreased in YAPGFAP-CKO EAE mice. Mechanically, RNA-seq revealed that the expression of cholesterol-synthesis pathway genes such as HMGCS1 were decreased in YAP-/- astrocytes. qPCR, western blot, and immunostaining further confirmed the more significant reduction of HMGCS1 in spinal cord astrocytes of YAPGFAP-CKO EAE mice. Interestingly, upregulation of cholesterol-synthesis pathways by diarylpropionitrile (DPN) (an ERβ-ligand, to upregulate the expression of HMGCS1) treatment partially rescued the demyelination deficits in YAPGFAP-CKO EAE mice. Finally, activation of YAP by XMU-MP-1 treatment promoted the expression of HMGCS1 in astrocytes and partially rescued the demyelination and inflammatory infiltration deficits in EAE mice. These findings identify unrecognized functions of astrocytic YAP in the prevention of demyelination through promoting cholesterol synthesis in EAE, and reveal a novel pathway of YAP/HMGCS1 for cholesterol synthesis in EAE pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Body Weight
- Cell Proliferation
- Cholesterol/biosynthesis
- Demyelinating Diseases/genetics
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hippo Signaling Pathway
- Inflammation/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recovery of Function
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spinal Cord/ultrastructure
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/deficiency
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, and Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingting Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changnan Xie
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danlu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjin Feng
- Zhejiang Sinogen Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mianxian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyingying Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihao Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, and Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Mitchell D, Shireman J, Sierra Potchanant EA, Lara-Velazquez M, Dey M. Neuroinflammation in Autoimmune Disease and Primary Brain Tumors: The Quest for Striking the Right Balance. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:716947. [PMID: 34483843 PMCID: PMC8414998 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.716947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to classical dogma, the central nervous system (CNS) is defined as an immune privileged space. The basis of this theory was rooted in an incomplete understanding of the CNS microenvironment, however, recent advances such as the identification of resident dendritic cells (DC) in the brain and the presence of CNS lymphatics have deepened our understanding of the neuro-immune axis and revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology. It is now understood that many pathological conditions induce an immune response in the CNS, and that in many ways, the CNS is an immunologically distinct organ. Hyperactivity of neuro-immune axis can lead to primary neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and antibody-mediated encephalitis, whereas immunosuppressive mechanisms promote the development and survival of primary brain tumors. On the therapeutic front, attempts are being made to target CNS pathologies using various forms of immunotherapy. One of the most actively investigated areas of CNS immunotherapy is for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults. In this review, we provide an up to date overview of the neuro-immune axis in steady state and discuss the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease as well as in the development and progression of brain tumors. In addition, we detail the current understanding of the interactions that characterize the primary brain tumor microenvironment and the implications of the neuro-immune axis on the development of successful therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jack Shireman
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Montserrat Lara-Velazquez
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mahua Dey
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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24
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Wang S, Lai X, Li C, Chen M, Hu M, Liu X, Song Y, Deng Y. Sialic acid-conjugate modified doxorubicin nanoplatform for treating neutrophil-related inflammation. J Control Release 2021; 337:612-627. [PMID: 34332025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in human peripheral blood, are important effector cells that mediate the inflammatory response. During neutrophil dysfunction, excessive activation and uncontrolled infiltration are the core processes in the progression of inflammation-related diseases, including severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), sepsis, etc. Herein, we used sialic acid-modified liposomal doxorubicin (DOX-SAL) to selectively target inflammatory neutrophils in the peripheral blood and deliver DOX intracellularly, inducing neutrophil apoptosis, blocking neutrophil migration, and inhibiting the inflammatory response. Strong selectivity resulted from the specific affinity between SA and L-selectin, which is highly expressed on inflammatory neutrophil membranes. In inflammation models of acute lung inflammation/injury (ALI), sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), DOX-SAL suppressed the inflammatory response, increased the survival of mice, and delayed disease progression, respectively. Moreover, DOX-SAL restored immune homeostasis in the body, without side effects. We have presented a targeted nanocarrier drug delivery system that can block the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils, enabling specific inhibition of the core disease process and the potential to treat multiple diseases with a single drug. This represents a revolutionary treatment strategy for inflammatory diseases caused by inappropriate neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Miao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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25
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Stavropoulos F, Georgiou E, Sargiannidou I, Kleopa KA. Dysregulation of Blood-Brain Barrier and Exacerbated Inflammatory Response in Cx47-Deficient Mice after Induction of EAE. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070621. [PMID: 34203192 PMCID: PMC8308522 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), in connexin 32 (Cx32) or Cx47 knockout (KO) mice with deficiency in oligodendrocyte gap junctions (GJs) results in a more severe disease course. In particular, Cx47 KO EAE mice experience an earlier EAE onset and more pronounced disease severity, accompanied by dysregulated pro-inflammatory responses preceding the disease manifestations. In this study, analysis of relevant pro-inflammatory cytokines in wild type EAE, Cx32 KO EAE, and Cx47 KO EAE mice revealed altered expression of Vcam-1 preceding EAE [7 days post injection (dpi)], of Ccl2 at the onset of EAE (12 dpi), and of Gm-csf at the peak of EAE (24 dpi) in Cx47 KO EAE mice. Moreover, Cx47 KO EAE mice exhibited more severe blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, enhanced astrogliosis with defects in tight junction formation at the glia limitans, and increased T-cell infiltration prior to disease onset. Thus, Cx47 deficiency appears to cause dysregulation of the inflammatory profile and BSCB integrity, promoting early astrocyte responses in Cx47 KO EAE mice that lead to a more severe EAE outcome. Further investigation into the role of oligodendrocytic Cx47 in EAE and multiple sclerosis pathology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Stavropoulos
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (F.S.); (E.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Elena Georgiou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (F.S.); (E.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (F.S.); (E.G.); (I.S.)
| | - Kleopas A. Kleopa
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (F.S.); (E.G.); (I.S.)
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22-358600; Fax: +357-22-392786
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26
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Schregel K, Baufeld C, Palotai M, Meroni R, Fiorina P, Wuerfel J, Sinkus R, Zhang YZ, McDannold N, White PJ, Guttmann CRG. Targeted Blood Brain Barrier Opening With Focused Ultrasound Induces Focal Macrophage/Microglial Activation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665722. [PMID: 34054415 PMCID: PMC8149750 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE reflects important histopathological hallmarks, dissemination, and diversity of the disease, but has only moderate reproducibility of clinical and histopathological features. Focal lesions are less frequently observed in EAE than in MS, and can neither be constrained to specific locations nor timed to occur at a pre-specified moment. This renders difficult any experimental assessment of the pathogenesis of lesion evolution, including its inflammatory, degenerative (demyelination and axonal degeneration), and reparatory (remyelination, axonal sprouting, gliosis) component processes. We sought to develop a controlled model of inflammatory, focal brain lesions in EAE using focused ultrasound (FUS). We hypothesized that FUS induced focal blood brain barrier disruption (BBBD) will increase the likelihood of transmigration of effector cells and subsequent lesion occurrence at the sonicated location. Lesion development was monitored with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and further analyzed by histopathological means. EAE was induced in 12 6-8 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide. FUS-induced BBBD was performed 6, 7, and 9 days after immunization in subgroups of four animals and in an additional control group. MRI and MRE were performed on a 7T horizontal bore small animal MRI scanner. Imaging was conducted longitudinally 2 and 3 weeks after disease induction and 1 week after sonication in control animals, respectively. The scan protocol comprised contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences as well as MRE with a vibration frequency of 1 kHz. Animals were sacrificed for histopathology after the last imaging time point. The overall clinical course of EAE was mild. A total of seven EAE animals presented with focal T2w hyperintense signal alterations in the sonicated hemisphere. These were most frequent in the group of animals sonicated 9 days after immunization. Histopathology revealed foci of activated microglia/macrophages in the sonicated right hemisphere of seven EAE animals. Larger cellular infiltrates or apparent demyelination were not seen. Control animals showed no abnormalities on MRI and did not have clusters of activated microglia/macrophages at the sites targeted with FUS. None of the animals had hemorrhages or gross tissue damage as potential side effects of FUS. EAE-animals tended to have lower values of viscoelasticity and elasticity in the sonicated compared to the contralateral parenchyma. This trend was significant when comparing the right sonicated to the left normal hemisphere and specifically the right sonicated compared to the left normal cortex in animals that underwent FUS-BBBD 9 days after immunization (right vs. left hemisphere: mean viscoelasticity 6.1 vs. 7.2 kPa; p = 0.003 and mean elasticity 4.9 vs. 5.7 kPa, p = 0.024; right vs. left cortex: mean viscoelasticity 5.8 vs. 7.5 kPa; p = 0.004 and mean elasticity 5 vs. 6.5 kPa; p = 0.008). A direct comparison of the biomechanical properties of focal T2w hyperintensities with normal appearing brain tissue did not yield significant results. Control animals showed no differences in viscoelasticity between sonicated and contralateral brain parenchyma. We here provide first evidence for a controlled lesion induction model in EAE using FUS-induced BBBD. The observed lesions in EAE are consistent with foci of activated microglia that may be interpreted as targeted initial inflammatory activity and which have been described as pre-active lesions in MS. Such foci can be identified and monitored with MRI. Moreover, the increased inflammatory activity in the sonicated brain parenchyma seems to have an effect on overall tissue matrix structure as reflected by changes of biomechanical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schregel
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Baufeld
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miklos Palotai
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roberta Meroni
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Wuerfel
- MIAC AG and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Sinkus
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,INSERM UMR S1148 - Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathan McDannold
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - P Jason White
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles R G Guttmann
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Swan G, Geng J, Park E, Ding Q, Zhou J, Walcott C, Zhang JJ, Huang HI, Hammer GE, Wang D. A Requirement of Protein Geranylgeranylation for Chemokine Receptor Signaling and Th17 Cell Function in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641188. [PMID: 33828552 PMCID: PMC8019753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlled lymphocyte migration is critically required for immune surveillance and successful immune responses. Lymphocyte migration is strictly regulated by chemokines and chemokine receptors. Here we show that protein geranylgeranylation, a form of post-translational protein lipid modification, is required for chemokine receptor-proximal signaling. Mature thymocytes deficient for protein geranylgeranylation are impaired for thymus egress. Circulating mature T cells lacking protein geranylgeranylation fail to home to secondary lymphoid organs or to transmigrate in response to chemokines in vitro. Mechanistically, protein geranylgeranylation modifies the γ-subunits of the heterotrimeric small GTPases that are essential for chemokine receptor signaling. In addition, protein geranylgeranylation also promotes the differentiation of IL-17-producing T helper cells while inhibiting the differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Finally, mice with T cell lineage-specific deficiency of protein geranylgeranylation are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. This study elucidated a critical role of protein geranylgeranylation in regulating T lymphocyte migration and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Swan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jia Geng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eunchong Park
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Quanquan Ding
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ciana Walcott
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Junyi J. Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gianna Elena Hammer
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donghai Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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28
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Deerhake ME, Danzaki K, Inoue M, Cardakli ED, Nonaka T, Aggarwal N, Barclay WE, Ji RR, Shinohara ML. Dectin-1 limits autoimmune neuroinflammation and promotes myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk via Card9-independent expression of Oncostatin M. Immunity 2021; 54:484-498.e8. [PMID: 33581044 PMCID: PMC7956124 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic roles of innate immunity in neurologic disorders are well described, but their beneficial aspects are less understood. Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor (CLR), is largely known to induce inflammation. Here, we report that Dectin-1 limited experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), while its downstream signaling molecule, Card9, promoted the disease. Myeloid cells mediated the pro-resolution function of Dectin-1 in EAE with enhanced gene expression of the neuroprotective molecule, Oncostatin M (Osm), through a Card9-independent pathway, mediated by the transcription factor NFAT. Furthermore, we find that the Osm receptor (OsmR) functioned specifically in astrocytes to reduce EAE severity. Notably, Dectin-1 did not respond to heat-killed Mycobacteria, an adjuvant to induce EAE. Instead, endogenous Dectin-1 ligands, including galectin-9, in the central nervous system (CNS) were involved to limit EAE. Our study reveals a mechanism of beneficial myeloid cell-astrocyte crosstalk regulated by a Dectin-1 pathway and identifies potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Communication
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Galectins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Neurogenic Inflammation/immunology
- Oncostatin M/genetics
- Oncostatin M/metabolism
- Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Mitogen/genetics
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Deerhake
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Emre D Cardakli
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Toshiaki Nonaka
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nupur Aggarwal
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William E Barclay
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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29
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Ivan DC, Walthert S, Berve K, Steudler J, Locatelli G. Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609921. [PMID: 33746939 PMCID: PMC7973121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma is enclosed and protected by a multilayered system of cellular and acellular barriers, functionally separating glia and neurons from peripheral circulation and blood-borne immune cells. Populating these borders as dynamic observers, CNS-resident macrophages contribute to organ homeostasis. Upon autoimmune, traumatic or neurodegenerative inflammation, these phagocytes start playing additional roles as immune regulators contributing to disease evolution. At the same time, pathological CNS conditions drive the migration and recruitment of blood-borne monocyte-derived cells across distinct local gateways. This invasion process drastically increases border complexity and can lead to parenchymal infiltration of blood-borne phagocytes playing a direct role both in damage and in tissue repair. While recent studies and technical advancements have highlighted the extreme heterogeneity of these resident and CNS-invading cells, both the compartment-specific mechanism of invasion and the functional specification of intruding and resident cells remain unclear. This review illustrates the complexity of mononuclear phagocytes at CNS interfaces, indicating how further studies of CNS border dynamics are crucially needed to shed light on local and systemic regulation of CNS functions and dysfunctions.
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30
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Laouarem Y, Kassoussi A, Zahaf A, Hutteau-Hamel T, Mellouk A, Bobé P, Mattern C, Schumacher M, Traiffort E. Functional cooperation of the hedgehog and androgen signaling pathways during developmental and repairing myelination. Glia 2021; 69:1369-1392. [PMID: 33484204 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog morphogens control fundamental cellular processes during tissue development and regeneration. In the central nervous system (CNS), Hedgehog signaling has been implicated in oligodendrocyte and myelin production, where it functions in a concerted manner with other pathways. Since androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in establishing the sexual phenotype of myelin during development and is required for spontaneous myelin regeneration in the adult CNS, we hypothesized the existence of a possible coordination between Hedgehog and androgen signals in oligodendrocyte and myelin production. Here, we report complementary activities of both pathways during early postnatal oligodendrogenesis further revealing that persistent Hedgehog signaling activation impedes myelin production. The data also uncover prominent pro-myelinating activity of testosterone and involvement of AR in the control of neural stem cell commitment toward the oligodendroglial lineage. In the context of CNS demyelination, we provide evidence for the functional cooperation of the pathways leading to acceleration of myelin regeneration that might be related to their respective role on microglial and astroglial responses, higher preservation of axonal integrity, lower neuroinflammation, and functional improvement of animals in an immune model of CNS demyelination. Strong decreases of deleterious cytokines in the CNS (GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-17A) and spleen (IL-2, IFN-γ) stand as unique features of the combined drugs while the potent therapeutic activity of testosterone on peripheral immune cells contributes to increase tolerogenic CD11c+ dendritic cells, reduce the clonal expansion of conventional CD4+ T cells and increase CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Altogether, these data might open promising perspectives for demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Laouarem
- U1195 Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Amina Zahaf
- U1195 Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Amine Mellouk
- UMR996 Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Pierre Bobé
- UMR996 Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Claudia Mattern
- M et P Pharma AG, Emmetten, Switzerland.,Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdal, Florida, USA
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31
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El Waly B, Escarrat V, Perez-Sanchez J, Kaur J, Pelletier F, Collazos-Castro JE, Debarbieux F. Intravital Assessment of Cells Responses to Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Microfibres for Bridging Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010073. [PMID: 33466339 PMCID: PMC7824803 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extension of the lesion following spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a major challenge for regenerating axons, which must grow across several centimetres of damaged tissue in the absence of ordered guidance cues. Biofunctionalized electroconducting microfibres (MFs) that provide biochemical signals, as well as electrical and mechanical cues, offer a promising therapeutic approach to help axons overcome this blind journey. We used poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated carbon MFs functionalized with cell adhesion molecules and growth factors to bridge the spinal cord after a partial unilateral dorsal quadrant lesion (PUDQL) in mice and followed cellular responses by intravital two-photon (2P) imaging through a spinal glass window. Thy1-CFP//LysM-EGFP//CD11c-EYFP triple transgenic reporter animals allowed real time simultaneous monitoring of axons, myeloid cells and microglial cells in the vicinity of the implanted MFs. MF biocompatibility was confirmed by the absence of inflammatory storm after implantation. We found that the sprouting of sensory axons was significantly accelerated by the implantation of functionalized MFs after PUDQL. Their implantation produced better axon alignment compared to random and misrouted axon regeneration that occurred in the absence of MF, with a most striking effect occurring two months after injury. Importantly, we observed differences in the intensity and composition of the innate immune response in comparison to PUDQL-only animals. A significant decrease of immune cell density was found in MF-implanted mice one month after lesion along with a higher ratio of monocyte-derived dendritic cells whose differentiation was accelerated. Therefore, functionalized carbon MFs promote the beneficial immune responses required for neural tissue repair, providing an encouraging strategy for SCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal El Waly
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Escarrat
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jimena Perez-Sanchez
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Florence Pelletier
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jorge Eduardo Collazos-Castro
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.-C.); (F.D.); Tel.:+34-925-247758 (J.C.-C.); +33-491-324186 (F.D.)
| | - Franck Debarbieux
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.C.-C.); (F.D.); Tel.:+34-925-247758 (J.C.-C.); +33-491-324186 (F.D.)
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32
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Sánchez-Fernández A, Zandee S, Amo-Aparicio J, Charabati M, Prat A, Garlanda C, Eisenmesser EZ, Dinarello CA, López-Vales R. IL-37 exerts therapeutic effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through the receptor complex IL-1R5/IL-1R8. Theranostics 2021; 11:1-13. [PMID: 33391457 PMCID: PMC7681099 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin 37 (IL-37), a member of IL-1 family, broadly suppresses inflammation in many pathological conditions by acting as a dual-function cytokine in that IL-37 signals via the extracellular receptor complex IL1-R5/IL-1R8, but it can also translocate to the nucleus. However, whether IL-37 exerts beneficial actions in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, remains to be elucidated. Thus, the goals of the present study were to evaluate the therapeutic effects of IL-37 in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, and if so, whether this is mediated via the extracellular receptor complex IL-1R5/IL-1R8. Methods: We used a murine model of MS, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We induced EAE in three different single and double transgenic mice (hIL-37tg, IL-1R8 KO, hIL-37tg-IL-1R8 KO) and wild type littermates. We also induced EAE in C57Bl/6 mice and treated them with various forms of recombinant human IL-37 protein. Functional and histological techniques were used to assess locomotor deficits and demyelination. Luminex and flow cytometry analysis were done to assess the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and different immune cell populations, respectively. qPCRs were done to assess the expression of IL-37, IL-1R5 and IL-1R8 in the spinal cord of EAE, and in blood peripheral mononuclear cells and brain tissue samples of MS patients. Results: We demonstrate that IL-37 reduces inflammation and protects against neurological deficits and myelin loss in EAE mice by acting via IL1-R5/IL1-R8. We also reveal that administration of recombinant human IL-37 exerts therapeutic actions in EAE mice. We finally show that IL-37 transcripts are not up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in brain lesions of MS patients, despite the IL-1R5/IL-1R8 receptor complex is expressed. Conclusions: This study presents novel data indicating that IL-37 exerts therapeutic effects in EAE by acting through the extracellular receptor complex IL-1R5/IL-1R8, and that this protective physiological mechanism is defective in MS individuals. IL-37 may therefore represent a novel therapeutic avenue for the treatment of MS with great promising potential.
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Engel S, Jolivel V, Kraus SHP, Zayoud M, Rosenfeld K, Tumani H, Furlan R, Kurschus FC, Waisman A, Luessi F. Laquinimod dampens IL-1β signaling and Th17-polarizing capacity of monocytes in patients with MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 8:8/1/e908. [PMID: 33203651 PMCID: PMC7676421 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of laquinimod treatment on monocytes and to investigate the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms in MS. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we performed in vivo and in vitro analyses of cluster of differentiation (CD14+) monocytes isolated from healthy donors (n = 15), untreated (n = 13), and laquinimod-treated patients with MS (n = 14). Their frequency and the expression of surface activation markers were assessed by flow cytometry and the viability by calcein staining. Cytokine concentrations in the supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes were determined by flow cytometry. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression level of genes involved in cytokine expression was measured by quantitative PCR. The LPS-mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell (NF-κB) activation was determined by the quantification of the phosphorylation level of the p65 subunit. Laquinimod-treated monocytes were cocultured with CD4+ T cells, and the resulting cytokine production was analyzed by flow cytometry after intracellular cytokine staining. The interleukin (IL)-17A concentration of the supernatant was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Laquinimod did not alter the frequency or viability of circulating monocytes, but led to an upregulation of CD86 expression. LPS-stimulated monocytes of laquinimod-treated patients with MS secreted less IL-1β following a downregulation of IL-1β gene expression. Phosphorylation levels of the NF-κB p65 subunit were reduced after laquinimod treatment, indicating a laquinimod-associated inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. T cells primed with laquinimod-treated monocytes differentiated significantly less into IL-17A-producing T helper (Th)-17 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that inhibited NF-κB signaling and downregulation of IL-1β expression in monocytes contributes to the immunomodulatory effects of laquinimod and that the impairment of Th17 polarization might mediate its disease-modifying activity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinah Engel
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valérie Jolivel
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan H-P Kraus
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Morad Zayoud
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karolina Rosenfeld
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberto Furlan
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian C Kurschus
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.E., V.J., S.H.-P.K., K.R., F.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Biopathology of Myelin (V.J.), Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, France; Institute for Molecular Medicine (M.Z., F.C.K., A.W.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany; Sheba Cancer Research Center (M.Z.), Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology (H.T.), University of Ulm, Germany and Specialty Clinic of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany; Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit (R.F.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and Department of Dermatology (F.C.K.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Thomas AM, Beskid NM, Blanchfield JL, Rosado AM, García AJ, Evavold BD, Babensee JE. Localized hydrogel delivery of dendritic cells for attenuation of multiple sclerosis in a murine model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1247-1255. [PMID: 33040412 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), abnormally activated immune cells responsive to myelin proteins result in widespread damage throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and ultimately irreversible disability. Immunomodulation by delivering dendritic cells (DCs) utilizes a potent and rapid MS disease progression driver therapeutically. Here, we investigated delivering DCs for disease severity attenuation using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis preclinical MS model. DCs treated with interleukin-10 (IL-10) (DC10s) were transplanted using in situ gelling poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel for target site localization. DC delivery increased hydrogel longevity and altered the injection site recruited, endogenous immune cell profile within 2 days postinjection. Furthermore, hydrogel-mediated DC transplantation efficacy depended on the injection-site. DCs delivered to the neck local to MS-associated CNS-draining cervical lymph nodes attenuated paralysis, compared to untreated controls, while delivery to the flank did not alter paralysis severity. This study demonstrates that local delivery of DC10s modulates immune cell recruitment and attenuates disease progression in a preclinical model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas M Beskid
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Aaron M Rosado
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia E Babensee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Regulatory T cells suppress Th17 cell Ca 2+ signaling in the spinal cord during murine autoimmune neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20088-20099. [PMID: 32732436 PMCID: PMC7443932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006895117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocyte motility and interaction dynamics with other immune cells are vital determinants of immune responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells prevent autoimmune disorders by suppressing excessive lymphocyte activity, but how interstitial motility patterns of Treg cells limit neuroinflammation is not well understood. We used two-photon microscopy to elucidate the spatial organization, motility characteristics, and interactions of endogenous Treg and Th17 cells together with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within the spinal cord leptomeninges in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Th17 cells arrive before the onset of clinical symptoms, distribute uniformly during the peak, and decline in numbers during later stages of EAE. In contrast, Treg cells arrive after Th17 cells and persist during the chronic phase. Th17 cells meander widely, interact with APCs, and exhibit cytosolic Ca2+ transients and elevated basal Ca2+ levels before the arrival of Treg cells. In contrast, Treg cells adopt a confined, repetitive-scanning motility while contacting APCs. These locally confined but highly motile Treg cells limit Th17 cells from accessing APCs and suppress Th17 cell Ca2+ signaling by a mechanism that is upstream of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Finally, Treg cell depletion increases APC numbers in the spinal cord and exaggerates ongoing neuroinflammation. Our results point to fundamental differences in motility characteristics between Th17 and Treg cells in the inflamed spinal cord and reveal three potential cellular mechanisms by which Treg cells regulate Th17 cell effector functions: reduction of APC density, limiting access of Th17 cells to APCs, and suppression of Th17 Ca2+ signaling.
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Karpus WJ. Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:316-326. [PMID: 31907274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Karpus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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El Waly B, Buttigieg E, Karakus C, Brustlein S, Debarbieux F. Longitudinal Intravital Microscopy Reveals Axon Degeneration Concomitant With Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in an LPC Model of Demyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:165. [PMID: 32655371 PMCID: PMC7324938 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination and axon degeneration are major events in all neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Intoxication of oligodendrocytes with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is often used as a selective model of focal and reversible demyelination thought to have no incidence for neurons. To characterize the cascade of cellular events involved in LPC-induced demyelination, we have combined intravital coherent antistoke Raman scattering microscopy with intravital two-photon fluorescence microscopy in multicolor transgenic reporter mice. Moreover, taking advantage of a unique technique of spinal glass window implantation, we here provide the first longitudinal description of cell dynamics in the same volume of interest over weeks after insults. We have detected several patterns of axon–myelin interactions and classified them in early and advanced events. Unexpectedly, we have found that oligodendrocyte damages are followed by axon degeneration within 2 days after LPC incubation, and this degeneration is amplified after the recruitment of the peripheral proinflammatory cells at day 4. Beyond day 7, the recovery of axon number and myelin takes 3 more weeks postlesion and involves a new wave of anti-inflammatory innate immune cells at day 14. Therefore, recurrent imaging over several weeks suggests an important role of peripheral immune cells in regulating both the axonal and oligodendroglial fates and thereby the remyelination status. Better understanding the recruitment of peripheral immune cells during demyelinating events should help to improve diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal El Waly
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Buttigieg
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Cem Karakus
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brustlein
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living System, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Debarbieux
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Cxcl10 + monocytes define a pathogenic subset in the central nervous system during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:525-534. [PMID: 32313246 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by pathological inflammation that results from the recruitment of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells from the blood into the brain. Due to subset heterogeneity, defining the functional roles of the various cell subsets in acute and chronic stages of MS has been challenging. Here, we used index and transcriptional single-cell sorting to characterize the mononuclear phagocytes that infiltrate the central nervous system from the periphery in mice with experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of MS. We identified eight monocyte and three dendritic cell subsets at acute and chronic disease stages in which the defined transcriptional programs pointed toward distinct functions. Monocyte-specific cell ablation identified Cxcl10+ and Saa3+ monocytic subsets with a pathogenic potential. Transfer experiments with different monocyte and precursor subsets indicated that these Cxcl10+ and Saa3+ pathogenic cells were not derived from Ly6C+ monocytes but from early myeloid cell progenitors. These results suggest that blocking specific pathogenic monocytic subsets, including Cxcl10+ and Saa3+ monocytes, could be used for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Yamakawa M, Santosa SM, Chawla N, Ivakhnitskaia E, Del Pino M, Giakas S, Nadel A, Bontu S, Tambe A, Guo K, Han KY, Cortina MS, Yu C, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Transgenic models for investigating the nervous system: Currently available neurofluorescent reporters and potential neuronal markers. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129595. [PMID: 32173376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA technologies have enabled the development of transgenic animal models for use in studying a myriad of diseases and biological states. By placing fluorescent reporters under the direct regulation of the promoter region of specific marker proteins, these models can localize and characterize very specific cell types. One important application of transgenic species is the study of the cytoarchitecture of the nervous system. Neurofluorescent reporters can be used to study the structural patterns of nerves in the central or peripheral nervous system in vivo, as well as phenomena involving embryologic or adult neurogenesis, injury, degeneration, and recovery. Furthermore, crucial molecular factors can also be screened via the transgenic approach, which may eventually play a major role in the development of therapeutic strategies against diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. This review describes currently available reporters and their uses in the literature as well as potential neural markers that can be leveraged to create additional, robust transgenic models for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Samuel M Santosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Neeraj Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Evguenia Ivakhnitskaia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Del Pino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Giakas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arnold Nadel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sneha Bontu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arjun Tambe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maria Soledad Cortina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Charles Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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Khaw YM, Cunningham C, Tierney A, Sivaguru M, Inoue M. Neutrophil-selective deletion of Cxcr2 protects against CNS neurodegeneration in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:49. [PMID: 32019585 PMCID: PMC7001284 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) driven by demyelination and gray matter neurodegeneration. We previously reported an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS mouse model with elevated serum CXCL1 that developed severe and prolonged neuron damage. Our findings suggested that CXCR2 signaling may be important in neuronal damage, thus implicating neutrophils, which express CXCR2 in abundance, as a potential cell type involved. The goals of this study were to determine if CXCR2 signaling in neutrophils mediate neuronal damage and to identify potential mechanisms of damage. Methods EAE was induced in wild-type control and neutrophil-specific Cxcr2 knockout (Cxcr2 cKO) mice by repeated high-dose injections of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis and MOG35–55 peptide. Mice were examined daily for motor deficit. Serum CXCL1 level was determined at different time points throughout disease development. Neuronal morphology in Golgi-Cox stained lumbar spinal cord ventral horn was assessed using recently developed confocal reflection super-resolution technique. Immune cells from CNS and lymphoid organs were quantified by flow cytometry. CNS-derived neutrophils were co-cultured with neuronal crest cells and neuronal cell death was measured. Neutrophils isolated from lymphoid organs were examined for expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-related genes. Thioglycolate-activated neutrophils were isolated, treated with recombinant CXCL1, and measured for ROS production. Results Cxcr2 cKO mice had less severe disease symptoms at peak and late phase when compared to control mice with similar levels of CNS-infiltrating neutrophils and other immune cells despite high levels of circulating CXCL1. Additionally, Cxcr2 cKO mice had significantly reduced CNS neuronal damage in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Neutrophils isolated from control EAE mice induced vast neuronal cell death in vitro when compared with neutrophils isolated from Cxcr2 cKO EAE mice. Neutrophils isolated from control EAE mice, but not Cxcr2 cKO mice, exhibited elevated ROS generation, in addition to heightened Ncf1 and Il1b transcription. Furthermore, recombinant CXCL1 was sufficient to significantly increase neutrophils ROS production. Conclusions CXCR2 signal in neutrophils is critical in triggering CNS neuronal damage via ROS generation, which leads to prolonged EAE disease. These findings emphasize that CXCR2 signaling in neutrophils may be a viable target for therapeutic intervention against CNS neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ming Khaw
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Claire Cunningham
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Abigail Tierney
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Németh T, Sperandio M, Mócsai A. Neutrophils as emerging therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:253-275. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mirabelli E, Ni L, Li L, Acioglu C, Heary RF, Elkabes S. Pathological pain processing in mouse models of multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury: contribution of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2). J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:207. [PMID: 31703709 PMCID: PMC6839084 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is often observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury (SCI) and is not adequately alleviated by current pharmacotherapies. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms could facilitate the discovery of novel targets for therapeutic interventions. We previously reported that decreased plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2) expression in the dorsal horn (DH) of healthy PMCA2+/− mice is paralleled by increased sensitivity to evoked nociceptive pain. These studies suggested that PMCA2, a calcium extrusion pump expressed in spinal cord neurons, plays a role in pain mechanisms. However, the contribution of PMCA2 to neuropathic pain processing remains undefined. The present studies investigated the role of PMCA2 in neuropathic pain processing in the DH of wild-type mice affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and following SCI. Methods EAE was induced in female and male C57Bl/6N mice via inoculation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein fragment 35–55 (MOG35–55) emulsified in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). CFA-inoculated mice were used as controls. A severe SC contusion injury was induced at thoracic (T8) level in female C57Bl/6N mice. Pain was evaluated by the Hargreaves and von Frey filament tests. PMCA2 levels in the lumbar DH were analyzed by Western blotting. The effectors that decrease PMCA2 expression were identified in SC neuronal cultures. Results Increased pain in EAE and SCI was paralleled by a significant decrease in PMCA2 levels in the DH. In contrast, PMCA2 levels remained unaltered in the DH of mice with EAE that manifested motor deficits but not increased pain. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and IL-6 expression were robustly increased in the DH of mice with EAE manifesting pain, whereas these cytokines showed a modest increase or no change in mice with EAE in the absence of pain. Only IL-1β decreased PMCA2 levels in pure SC neuronal cultures through direct actions. Conclusions PMCA2 is a contributor to neuropathic pain mechanisms in the DH. A decrease in PMCA2 in DH neurons is paralleled by increased pain sensitivity, most likely through perturbations in calcium signaling. Interleukin-1β is one of the effectors that downregulates PMCA2 by acting directly on neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Mirabelli
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,School of Graduate Studies, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Li Ni
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Lun Li
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Cigdem Acioglu
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Robert F Heary
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,School of Graduate Studies, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Stella Elkabes
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,School of Graduate Studies, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Neutrophils promote VLA-4-dependent B cell antigen presentation and accumulation within the meninges during neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24221-24230. [PMID: 31699814 PMCID: PMC6883802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909098116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of B cell depletion therapies and identification of leptomeningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue (ELT) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has renewed interest in the antibody-independent pathogenic functions of B cells during neuroinflammation. The timing and location of B cell antigen presentation during MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remain undefined. Using a new EAE system that incorporates temporal regulation of MHCII expression by myelin-specific B cells, we observed the rapid formation of large B cell clusters in the spinal cord subarachnoid space. Neutrophils preceded the accumulation of meningeal B cell clusters, and inhibition of CXCR2-mediated granulocyte trafficking to the central nervous system reduced pathogenic B cell clusters and disease severity. Further, B cell-restricted very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) deficiency abrogated EAE dependent on B cell antigen presentation. Together, our findings demonstrate that neutrophils coordinate VLA-4-dependent B cell accumulation within the meninges during neuroinflammation, a key early step in the formation of ELT observed in MS.
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Migotto MA, Mardon K, Orian J, Weckbecker G, Kneuer R, Bhalla R, Reutens DC. Efficient Distribution of a Novel Zirconium-89 Labeled Anti-cd20 Antibody Following Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration in Control and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Variant Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2437. [PMID: 31681317 PMCID: PMC6813232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the imaging and biodistribution of a novel zirconium-89 (89Zr)-labeled mouse anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in control and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice following subcutaneous (s. c.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration. Background: Anti-cd20-mediated B-cell depletion using mAbs is a promising therapy for multiple sclerosis. Recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rhMOG)-induced EAE involves B-cell-mediated inflammation and demyelination in mice. Design/Methods: C57BL/6J mice (n = 39) were EAE-induced using rhMOG. On Day 14 post EAE induction, 89Zr-labeled-anti-cd20 mAb was injected in control and EAE mice in the right lower flank (s.c.) or tail vein (i.v.). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and gamma counting (ex vivo) were performed on Days 1, 3, and 7 to quantify tracer accumulation in the major organs, lymphatics, and central nervous system (CNS). A preliminary study was conducted in healthy mice to elucidate full and early kinetics of the tracer that were subsequently applied in the EAE and control mice study. Results:89Zr-labeled anti-cd20 mAb was effectively absorbed from s.c. and i.v. injection sites and distributed to all major organs in the EAE and control mice. There was a good correlation between in vivo PET/CT data and ex vivo quantification of biodistribution of the tracer. From gamma counting studies, initial tracer uptake within the lymphatic system was found to be higher in the draining lymph nodes (inguinal or subiliac and sciatic) following s.c. vs. i.v. administration; within the CNS a significantly higher tracer uptake was observed at 24 h in the cerebellum, cerebrum, and thoracic spinal cord (p < 0.05 for all) following s.c. vs. i.v. administration. Conclusions: The preclinical data suggest that initial tracer uptake was significantly higher in the draining lymph nodes (subiliac and sciatic) and parts of CNS (the cerebellum and cerebrum) when administered s.c. compared with i.v in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Anne Migotto
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,National Imaging Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gisbert Weckbecker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kneuer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rajiv Bhalla
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David C Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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45
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Soubéran A, Brustlein S, Gouarné C, Chasson L, Tchoghandjian A, Malissen M, Rougon G. Effects of VEGF blockade on the dynamics of the inflammatory landscape in glioblastoma-bearing mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:191. [PMID: 31660979 PMCID: PMC6816183 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting angiogenesis has been and continues to be an attractive therapeutic modality in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. However, GBM rapidly becomes refractory to anti-VEGF therapies. Myeloid cell infiltration is an important determinant of tumor progression. Given that VEGF is a modulator of the innate immune response we sought to analyze the dynamics of this response in a mouse model of GBM undergoing anti-VEGF therapy. METHODS We grafted GL261-DsRed cells in transgenic Thy1-CFP//LysM-EGFP//CD11c-EYFP reporter mice. We combined recurrent spectral two-photon imaging with multiparametric cytometry, immunostaining, and brain clearing to characterize at two critical stages of tumor development (day 21 and day 28 after tumor grafting) the nature and spatial distribution of the innate response in control and bevacizumab-treated mice. RESULTS We report that at an early stage (21 day), VEGF blockade has a detectable effect on the number of microglial cells but only a mild effect on the number of infiltrating myeloid cells. At a later stage (day 28), the treatment resulted in a specific adjustment of dendritic cell subsets. In treated mice, the number of monocytes and their monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) progeny was increased by approximately twofold compared to untreated mice. In agreement, by in vivo quantitative imaging, we observed that treatment increased the number of LysM-EGFP cells traveling in tumor blood vessels and doubled the densities of both infiltrated LysM-EGFP monocytes and double-labeled EGFP/EYFP moDC. The treatment also led to an increased density of conventional cDCs2 subset together with a decrease of cDCs1 subset, necessary for the development of anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we describe differential spatial cell distributions and two immune cell-traveling routes into the brain. LysM-EGFP cells distributed as a gradient from the meninges towards the tumor whereas CD11c-EYFP/MHCII+ cells were located in the basal area of the tumor. Brain clearing also revealed a flow of CD11c-EYFP cells following the corpus callosum. CONCLUSION We uncovered new features in the dynamics of innate immune cells in GBM-bearing mice and deciphered precisely the key populations, i.e., DC subsets controlling immune responses, that are affected by VEGF blockade. Since despite differences, human pathogenesis presents similarities with our mouse model, the data provide new insights into the effect of bevacizumab at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Soubéran
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brustlein
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Gouarné
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- INSERM, CNRS Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Aurélie Tchoghandjian
- CNRS, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, UMR 7051, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- INSERM, CNRS Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Geneviève Rougon
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Univ, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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46
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Drohomyrecky PC, Doroshenko ER, Akkermann R, Moshkova M, Yi TJ, Zhao FL, Ahn JJ, McGaha TL, Pahan K, Dunn SE. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Acts within Peripheral Myeloid Cells to Limit Th Cell Priming during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2588-2601. [PMID: 31578267 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ is a fatty acid-activated transcription factor that regulates metabolic homeostasis, cell growth, and differentiation. Previously, we reported that mice with a global deficiency of PPAR-δ develop an exacerbated course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), highlighting a role for this nuclear receptor in limiting the development of CNS inflammation. However, the cell-specific contribution of PPAR-δ to the more severe CNS inflammatory response remained unclear. In this study, we studied the specific involvement of PPAR-δ in myeloid cells during EAE using mice that had Cre-mediated excision of floxed Ppard driven by the lysozyme M (LysM) promoter (LysM Cre :Ppard fl/fl). We observed that LysM Cre :Ppard fl/fl mice were more susceptible to EAE and developed a more severe course of this disease compared with Ppard fl/fl controls. The more severe EAE in LysM Cre :Ppard fl/fl mice was associated with an increased accumulation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells in the CNS and enhanced myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 responses in the periphery. Adoptive transfer EAE studies linked this EAE phenotype in LysM Cre :Ppard fl/fl mice to heightened Th responses. Furthermore, studies using an in vitro CD11b+ cell:Th cell coculture system revealed that CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) from LysM Cre :Ppard fl/fl mice had a heightened capacity to prime myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific Th cells compared with Ppard fl/fl counterparts; the effects of DC on Th1 cytokine production were mediated through production of the IL-12p40 homodimer. These studies revealed a role for PPAR-δ in DC in limiting Th cell priming during EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rainer Akkermann
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Marina Moshkova
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Tae Joon Yi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Fei L Zhao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeeyoon Jennifer Ahn
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shannon E Dunn
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; .,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; and.,Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1N8, Canada
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47
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Baaklini CS, Rawji KS, Duncan GJ, Ho MFS, Plemel JR. Central Nervous System Remyelination: Roles of Glia and Innate Immune Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:225. [PMID: 31616249 PMCID: PMC6764409 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation can injure the myelin sheath that surrounds axons, a process known as demyelination. The spontaneous regeneration of myelin, called remyelination, is associated with restoration of function and prevention of axonal degeneration. Boosting remyelination with therapeutic intervention is a promising new approach that is currently being tested in several clinical trials. The endogenous regulation of remyelination is highly dependent on the immune response. In this review article, we highlight the cell biology of remyelination and its regulation by innate immune cells. For the purpose of this review, we discuss the roles of microglia, and also astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) as they are being increasingly recognized to have immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel S Baaklini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greg J Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madelene F S Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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48
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Borjini N, Paouri E, Tognatta R, Akassoglou K, Davalos D. Imaging the dynamic interactions between immune cells and the neurovascular interface in the spinal cord. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113046. [PMID: 31472115 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Imaging the dynamic interactions between immune cells, glia, neurons and the vasculature in living rodents has revolutionized our understanding of physiological and pathological mechanisms of the CNS. Emerging microscopy and imaging technologies have enabled longitudinal tracking of structural and functional changes in a plethora of different cell types in the brain. The development of novel methods also allowed stable and longitudinal optical access to the spinal cord with minimum tissue perturbation. These important advances facilitated the application of in vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy for studies of the healthy, diseased, or injured spinal cord. Indeed, decoding the interactions between peripheral and resident cells with the spinal cord vasculature has shed new light on neuroimmune and vascular mechanisms regulating the onset and progression of neurological diseases. This review focuses on imaging studies of the interactions between the vasculature and peripheral immune cells or microglia, with emphasis on their contribution to neuroinflammation. We also discuss in vivo imaging studies highlighting the importance of neurovascular changes following spinal cord injury. Real-time imaging of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and other vascular changes, perivascular glial responses, and immune cell entry has revealed unanticipated cellular mechanisms and novel molecular pathways that can be targeted to protect the injured or diseased CNS. Imaging the cell-cell interactions between the vasculature, immune cells, and neurons as they occur in real time, is a powerful tool both for testing the efficacy of existing therapeutic approaches, and for identifying new targets for limiting damage or enhancing the potential for repair of the affected spinal cord tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Borjini
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Evi Paouri
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Davalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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49
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Riazifar M, Mohammadi MR, Pone EJ, Yeri A, Lässer C, Segaliny AI, McIntyre LL, Shelke GV, Hutchins E, Hamamoto A, Calle EN, Crescitelli R, Liao W, Pham V, Yin Y, Jayaraman J, Lakey JRT, Walsh CM, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Lotvall J, Zhao W. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Nanotherapeutics for Autoimmune and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6670-6688. [PMID: 31117376 PMCID: PMC6880946 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To dissect therapeutic mechanisms of transplanted stem cells and develop exosome-based nanotherapeutics in treating autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, we assessed the effect of exosomes secreted from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating multiple sclerosis using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. We found that intravenous administration of exosomes produced by MSCs stimulated by IFNγ (IFNγ-Exo) (i) reduced the mean clinical score of EAE mice compared to PBS control, (ii) reduced demyelination, (iii) decreased neuroinflammation, and (iv) upregulated the number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the spinal cords of EAE mice. Co-culture of IFNγ-Exo with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cells in vitro reduced PBMC proliferation and levels of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokines including IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17AF, and IL-22 yet increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokine indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. IFNγ-Exo could also induce Tregs in vitro in a murine splenocyte culture, likely mediated by a third-party accessory cell type. Further, IFNγ-Exo characterization by deep RNA sequencing suggested that IFNγ-Exo contains anti-inflammatory RNAs, where their inactivation partially hindered the exosomes potential to induce Tregs. Furthermore, we found that IFNγ-Exo harbors multiple anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective proteins. These results not only shed light on stem cell therapeutic mechanisms but also provide evidence that MSC-derived exosomes can potentially serve as cell-free therapies in creating a tolerogenic immune response to treat autoimmune and central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Riazifar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - M. Rezaa Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Egest J. Pone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Aude I. Segaliny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Laura L. McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Hutchins
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Ashley Hamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Erika N. Calle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Wenbin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Victor Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yanan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jayapriya Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jonathan R. T. Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California 92868, United States
| | - Craig M. Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jan Lotvall
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Weian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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50
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Evans TA, Barkauskas DS, Silver J. Intravital imaging of immune cells and their interactions with other cell types in the spinal cord: Experiments with multicolored moving cells. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112972. [PMID: 31234058 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging of the immune system is a powerful technique for studying biology of the immune response in the spinal cord using a variety of disease models ranging from traumatic injury to autoimmune disorders. Here, we will discuss specific technical aspects as well as many intriguing biological phenomena that have been revealed with the use of intravital imaging for investigation of the immune system in the spinal cord. We will discuss surgical techniques for exposing and stabilizing the spine that are critical for obtaining images, visualizing immune and CNS cells with genetically expressed fluorescent proteins, fluorescent labeling techniques and briefly discuss some of the challenges of image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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