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Reiter RJ, Sharma RN, Manucha W, Rosales-Corral S, Almieda Chuffa LGD, Loh D, Luchetti F, Balduini W, Govitrapong P. Dysfunctional mitochondria in age-related neurodegeneration: Utility of melatonin as an antioxidant treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102480. [PMID: 39236857 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria functionally degrade as neurons age. Degenerative changes cause inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and elevated electron leakage from the electron transport chain (ETC) promoting increased intramitochondrial generation of damaging reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The associated progressive accumulation of molecular damage causes an increasingly rapid decline in mitochondrial physiology contributing to aging. Melatonin, a multifunctional free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, is synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix of neurons. Melatonin reduces electron leakage from the ETC and elevates ATP production; it also detoxifies ROS/RNS and via the SIRT3/FOXO pathway it upregulates activities of superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase. Melatonin also influences glucose processing by neurons. In neurogenerative diseases, neurons often adopt Warburg-type metabolism which excludes pyruvate from the mitochondria causing reduced intramitochondrial acetyl coenzyme A production. Acetyl coenzyme A supports the citric acid cycle and OXPHOS. Additionally, acetyl coenzyme A is a required co-substrate for arylalkylamine-N-acetyl transferase, which rate limits melatonin synthesis; therefore, melatonin production is diminished in cells that experience Warburg-type metabolism making mitochondria more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Moreover, endogenously produced melatonin diminishes during aging, further increasing oxidative damage to mitochondrial components. More normal mitochondrial physiology is preserved in aging neurons with melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy N Sharma
- Applied Biomedical Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word, School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almieda Chuffa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Setor de Anatomia - Instituto de Biociências, IBB/UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX, USA.
| | - Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ninkuu V, Zhou Y, Liu H, Sun S, Liu Z, Liu Y, Yang J, Hu M, Guan L, Sun X. Regulation of nitrogen metabolism by COE2 under low sulfur stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112137. [PMID: 38815871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between nitrogen and sulfur assimilation synergistically supports and sustains plant growth and development, operating in tandem to ensure coordinated and optimal outcomes. Previously, we characterized Arabidopsis CHLOROPHYLL A/B-BINDING (CAB) overexpression 2 (COE2) mutant, which has a mutation in the NITRIC OXIDE-ASSOCIATED (NOA1) gene and exhibits deficiency in root growth under low nitrogen (LN) stress. This study found that the growth suppression in roots and shoots in coe2 correlates with decreased sensitivity to low sulfur stress treatment compared to the wild-type. Therefore, we examined the regulatory role of COE2 in nitrogen and sulfur interaction by assessing the expression of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in coe2 seedlings under low sulfur stress. Despite the notable upregulation of nitrate reductase genes (NIA1 and NIA2), there was a considerable reduction in nitrogen uptake and utilization, resulting in a substantial growth penalty. Moreover, the elevated expression of miR396 perhaps complemented growth stunting by selectively targeting and curtailing the expression levels of GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR 2 (GRF2), GRF4, and GRF9. This study underscores the vital role of COE2-mediated nitrogen signaling in facilitating seedling growth under sulfur deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ninkuu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Liping Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China.
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Wang J, Lu Y, Xing S, Yang J, Liu L, Huang K, Liang D, Xia H, Zhang X, Lv X, Lin L. Transcriptome analysis reveals the promoting effects of exogenous melatonin on the selenium uptake in grape under selenium stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1447451. [PMID: 39239199 PMCID: PMC11374602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1447451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Exogenous melatonin (MT) can promote horticultural crops growth under stress conditions. Methods In this study, the effects of exogenous MT on the accumulation of selenium (Se) in grape were studied under Se stress. Results and discussion Under Se stress, exogenous MT increased the biomass, content of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activity of grapevines. Compared with Se treatment, MT increased the root biomass, shoot biomass, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase activity, and peroxidase activity by 18.11%, 7.71%, 25.70%, 25.00%, 25.93%, 5.73%, and 9.41%, respectively. Additionally, MT increased the contents of gibberellin, auxin, and MT in grapevines under Se stress, while it decreased the content of abscisic acid. MT increased the contents of total Se, organic Se and inorganic Se in grapevines. Compared with Se treatment, MT increased the contents of total Se in the roots and shoots by 48.82% and 135.66%, respectively. A transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that MT primarily regulated the cellular, metabolic, and bioregulatory processes of grapevine under Se stress, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily enriched in pathways, such as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, spliceosome, and flavonoid biosynthesis. These involved nine DEGs and nine metabolic pathways in total. Moreover, a field experiment showed that MT increased the content of Se in grapes and improved their quality. Therefore, MT can alleviate the stress of Se in grapevines and promote their growth and the accumulation of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinman Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Horticulture Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Institute of Horticulture Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Iqbal N, Sehar Z, Fatma M, Khan S, Alvi AF, Mir IR, Masood A, Khan NA. Melatonin Reverses High-Temperature-Stress-Inhibited Photosynthesis in the Presence of Excess Sulfur by Modulating Ethylene Sensitivity in Mustard. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3160. [PMID: 37687406 PMCID: PMC10490298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic, nontoxic, regulatory biomolecule with various functions in abiotic stress tolerance. It reverses the adverse effect of heat stress on photosynthesis in plants and helps with sulfur (S) assimilation. Our research objective aimed to find the influence of melatonin, along with excess sulfur (2 mM SO42-), in reversing heat stress's impacts on the photosynthetic ability of the mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivar SS2, a cultivar with low ATP-sulfurylase activity and a low sulfate transport index (STI). Further, we aimed to substantiate that the effect was a result of ethylene modulation. Melatonin in the presence of excess-S (S) increased S-assimilation and the STI by increasing the ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) and serine acetyltransferase (SAT) activity of SS2, and it enhanced the content of cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). Under heat stress, melatonin increased S-assimilation and diverted Cys towards the synthesis of more reduced glutathione (GSH), utilizing excess-S at the expense of less methionine and ethylene and resulting in plants' reduced sensitivity to stress ethylene. The treatment with melatonin plus excess-S increased antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic-S use efficiency (p-SUE), Rubisco activity, photosynthesis, and growth under heat stress. Further, plants receiving melatonin and excess-S in the presence of norbornadiene (NBD; an ethylene action inhibitor) under heat stress showed an inhibited STI and lower photosynthesis and growth. This suggested that ethylene was involved in the melatonin-mediated heat stress reversal effects on photosynthesis in plants. The interaction mechanism between melatonin and ethylene is still elusive. This study provides avenues to explore the melatonin-ethylene-S interaction for heat stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R. Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Altaf MA, Sharma N, Srivastava D, Mandal S, Adavi S, Jena R, Bairwa RK, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kumar A, Dey A, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar R, Ahmed P. Deciphering the melatonin-mediated response and signalling in the regulation of heavy metal stress in plants. PLANTA 2023; 257:115. [PMID: 37169910 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Melatonin has a protective effect against heavy metal stress in plants by immobilizing HM in cell walls and sequestering them in root cell vacuoles, reducing HM's translocation from roots to shoots. It enhances osmolyte production, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and improves photosynthesis, thereby improving cellular functions. Understanding the melatonin-mediated response and signalling can sustain crop production in heavy metal-stressed soils. Melatonin is a pleiotropic signal molecule that plays a critical role in plant growth and stress tolerance, particularly against heavy metals in soil. Heavy metals (HMs) are ubiquitously found in the soil-water environment and readily taken up by plants, thereby disrupting mineral nutrient homeostasis, osmotic balance, oxidative stress, and altered primary and secondary metabolism. Plants combat HM stress through inbuilt defensive mechanisms, such as metal exclusion, restricted foliar translocation, metal sequestration and compartmentalization, chelation, and scavenging of free radicals by antioxidant enzymes. Melatonin has a protective effect against the damaging effects of HM stress in plants. It achieves this by immobilizing HM in cell walls and sequestering them in root cell vacuoles, reducing HM's translocation from roots to shoots. This mechanism improves the uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients in plants. Additionally, melatonin enhances osmolyte production, improving the plant's water relations, and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes to limit lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Melatonin also decreases chlorophyll degradation while increasing its synthesis, and enhances RuBisCO activity for better photosynthesis. All these functions contribute to improving the cellular functions of plants exposed to HM stress. This review aims to gain better insight into the melatonin-mediated response and signalling under HM stress in plants, which may be useful in sustaining crop production in heavy metal-stressed soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Altaf
- School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Dipali Srivastava
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India
| | - Sandeep Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, 493225, India
| | - Rupak Jena
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Bairwa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmed
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, 192301, India.
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Hasan MK, Xing QF, Zhou CY, Wang KX, Xu T, Yang P, Qi ZY, Shao SJ, Ahammed GJ, Zhou J. Melatonin mediates elevated carbon dioxide-induced photosynthesis and thermotolerance in tomato. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12858. [PMID: 36732033 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) promotes photosynthesis and mitigates heat stress-induced deleterious effects on plants, but the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants treated with high atmospheric CO2 concentrations (600, 800, and 1000 µmol mol-1 ) accumulated increased levels of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) in their leaves and this response is conserved across many plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, wheat, mustard, cucumber, watermelon, melon, and hot pepper. Elevated CO2 (eCO2 ; 800 µmol mol-1 ) caused a 6.8-fold increase in leaf melatonin content, and eCO2 -induced melatonin biosynthesis preferentially occurred through chloroplast biosynthetic pathways in tomato plants. Crucially, manipulation of endogenous melatonin levels by genetic means affected the eCO2 -induced accumulation of sugar and starch in tomato leaves. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and transcript levels of chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes, such as rbcL, rbcS, rbcA, psaD, petB, and atpA, significantly increased in COMT1 overexpressing (COMT1-OE) tomato plants, but not in melatonin-deficient comt1 mutants at eCO2 conditions. While eCO2 enhanced plant tolerance to heat stress (42°C) in wild-type and COMT1-OE, melatonin deficiency compromised eCO2 -induced thermotolerance in comt1 plants. The expression of heat shock proteins genes increased in COMT1-OE but not in comt1 plants in response to eCO2 under heat stress. Further analysis revealed that eCO2 -induced thermotolerance was closely linked to the melatonin-dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species, redox homeostasis, cellular protein protection, and phytohormone metabolism. This study unveiled a crucial mechanism of elevated CO2 -induced thermotolerance in which melatonin acts as an essential endogenous signaling molecule in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qu-Fan Xing
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can-Yu Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Xin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jun Shao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, China
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Zhao J, Hu J. Melatonin: Current status and future perspectives in horticultural plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1140803. [PMID: 37035081 PMCID: PMC10076644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global warming in this century increases incidences of various abiotic stresses, restricting plant growth and productivity and posing a severe threat to global food production and security. Different phytohormones are produced by plants to mitigate the adverse effects of these stresses. One such phytohormone is melatonin (MEL), which, being a potential bio-stimulator, helps to govern a wide array of functions in horticultural crops. Recent advancements have determined the role of MEL in plants' responses to abiotic stresses. MEL enhances physiological functions such as seed germination, growth and development, seedling growth, root system architecture, and photosynthetic efficiency. The potential function of MEL in stressful environments is to regulate the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity, thus playing a role in the substantial scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, MEL, as a plant growth regulator and bio-stimulator, aids in promoting plant tolerance to abiotic stress, mainly through improvements in nutrient uptake, osmolyte production, and cellular membrane stability. This review, therefore, focuses on the possible functions of MEL in the induction of different abiotic stresses in horticultural crops. Therefore, this review would help readers learn more about MEL in altered environments and provide new suggestions on how this knowledge could be used to develop stress tolerance.
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Aghdam MS, Mukherjee S, Flores FB, Arnao MB, Luo Z, Corpas FJ. Functions of Melatonin during Postharvest of Horticultural Crops. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1764-1786. [PMID: 34910215 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a tryptophan-derived molecule, is endogenously generated in animal, plant, fungal and prokaryotic cells. Given its antioxidant properties, it is involved in a myriad of signaling functions associated with various aspects of plant growth and development. In higher plants, melatonin (Mel) interacts with plant regulators such as phytohormones, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). It shows great potential as a biotechnological tool to alleviate biotic and abiotic stress, to delay senescence and to conserve the sensory and nutritional quality of postharvest horticultural products which are of considerable economic importance worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemistry of Mel, whose endogenous induction and exogenous application can play an important biotechnological role in enhancing the marketability and hence earnings from postharvest horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal 742213, India
| | - Francisco Borja Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda, 1, Granada 18008, Spain
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J, Cano A. Role of Melatonin and Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants: Implications under Nitrogen-Excess or Nitrogen-Low. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315217. [PMID: 36499543 PMCID: PMC9741234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a new plant hormone involved in multiple physiological functions in plants such as germination, photosynthesis, plant growth, flowering, fruiting, and senescence, among others. Its protective role in different stress situations, both biotic and abiotic, has been widely demonstrated. Melatonin regulates several routes in primary and secondary plant metabolism through the up/down-regulation of many enzyme/factor genes. Many of the steps of nitrogen metabolism in plants are also regulated by melatonin and are presented in this review. In addition, the ability of melatonin to enhance nitrogen uptake under nitrogen-excess or nitrogen-low conditions is analyzed. A model that summarizes the distribution of nitrogen compounds, and the osmoregulation and redox network responses mediated by melatonin, are presented. The possibilities of using melatonin in crops for more efficient uptake, the assimilation and metabolization of nitrogen from soil, and the implications for Nitrogen Use Efficiency strategies to improve crop yield are also discussed.
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Arnao MB, Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J. Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5779-5800. [PMID: 35029657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined to date, has an important role in plants as a modulatory agent (a biostimulator) that improves plant tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stress. We present a review of phytomelatonin that considers its roles in plant metabolism and in particular its interactions with plant hormone network. In the primary metabolism of plants, melatonin improves the rate and efficiency of photosynthesis, as well related factors such as stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and Rubisco activity. It has also been shown to down-regulate some senescence transcription factors. Melatonin up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to carbohydrates (including sucrose and starch), amino acids, and lipid metabolism, optimizing N, P, and S uptake. With respect to the secondary metabolism, clear increases in polyphenol, glucosinolate, terpenoid, and alkaloid contents have been described in numerous melatonin-treated plants. Generally, the most important genes of these secondary biosynthesis pathways have been found to be up-regulated by melatonin. The great regulatory capacity of melatonin is a result of its control of the redox and plant hormone networks. Melatonin acts as a plant master regulator, up-/down-regulating different plant hormone levels and signalling, and is a key player in redox homeostasis. It has the capacity to counteract diverse critical situations such as pathogen infections and abiotic stresses, and provide plants with varying degrees of tolerance. We propose possible future applications of melatonin for crop improvement and post-harvest product preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
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11
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Sun C, Sun N, Ou Y, Gong B, Jin C, Shi Q, Lin X. Phytomelatonin and plant mineral nutrition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5903-5917. [PMID: 35767844 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant mineral nutrition is critical for agricultural productivity and for human nutrition; however, the availability of mineral elements is spatially and temporally heterogeneous in many ecosystems and agricultural landscapes. Nutrient imbalances trigger intricate signalling networks that modulate plant acclimation responses. One signalling agent of particular importance in such networks is phytomelatonin, a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions. Evidence indicates that deficiencies or excesses of nutrients generally increase phytomelatonin levels in certain tissues, and it is increasingly thought to participate in the regulation of plant mineral nutrition. Alterations in endogenous phytomelatonin levels can protect plants from oxidative stress, influence root architecture, and influence nutrient uptake and efficiency of use through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation; such changes optimize mineral nutrient acquisition and ion homeostasis inside plant cells and thereby help to promote growth. This review summarizes current knowledge on the regulation of plant mineral nutrition by melatonin and highlights how endogenous phytomelatonin alters plant responses to specific mineral elements. In addition, we comprehensively discuss how melatonin influences uptake and transport under conditions of nutrient shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Nan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiqun Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Biao Gong
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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12
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Altaf MA, Shahid R, Altaf MM, Kumar R, Naz S, Kumar A, Alam P, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Ahmad P. Melatonin: First-line soldier in tomato under abiotic stress current and future perspective. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:188-197. [PMID: 35700585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a natural, multifunctional, nontoxic, regulatory, and ubiquitous biomolecule, having low molecular weight and pleiotropic effects in the plant kingdom. It is a recently discovered plant master regulator which has a crucial role under abiotic stress conditions (salinity, drought, heat, cold, alkalinity, acid rain, ozone, and metals stress). In the solanaceous family, the tomato is highly sensitive to abiotic stresses that affect its growth and development, ultimately hampering production and productivity. Melatonin acts as a strong antioxidant, bio-stimulator, and growth regulator, facilitating photosynthesis, delaying leaf senescence, and increasing the antioxidant enzymes system through direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under abiotic stresses. In addition, melatonin also boosts morphological traits such as vegetative growth, leaf photosynthesis, root architecture system, mineral nutrient elements, and antioxidant activities in tomato plants, confirming their tolerances against salinity, drought, heat, cold, alkalinity, acid rain, chemical, pathogen, and metals stress. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the potential role of melatonin for tomato plant endurance towards abiotic stresses, along with the known relationship between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Shahid
- School of Management, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, HP, India
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, HP, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, HP, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Hassan MU, Mahmood A, Awan MI, Maqbool R, Aamer M, Alhaithloul HAS, Huang G, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Pandey S, El Sabagh A, Qari SH. Melatonin-Induced Protection Against Plant Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902694. [PMID: 35755707 PMCID: PMC9218792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Global warming in this century increases incidences of various abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and productivity and posing a severe threat to global food production and security. The plant produces different osmolytes and hormones to combat the harmful effects of these abiotic stresses. Melatonin (MT) is a plant hormone that possesses excellent properties to improve plant performance under different abiotic stresses. It is associated with improved physiological and molecular processes linked with seed germination, growth and development, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and plant defence against other abiotic stresses. In parallel, MT also increased the accumulation of multiple osmolytes, sugars and endogenous hormones (auxin, gibberellic acid, and cytokinins) to mediate resistance to stress. Stress condition in plants often produces reactive oxygen species. MT has excellent antioxidant properties and substantially scavenges reactive oxygen species by increasing the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under stress conditions. Moreover, the upregulation of stress-responsive and antioxidant enzyme genes makes it an excellent stress-inducing molecule. However, MT produced in plants is not sufficient to induce stress tolerance. Therefore, the development of transgenic plants with improved MT biosynthesis could be a promising approach to enhancing stress tolerance. This review, therefore, focuses on the possible role of MT in the induction of various abiotic stresses in plants. We further discussed MT biosynthesis and the critical role of MT as a potential antioxidant for improving abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we also addressed MT biosynthesis and shed light on future research directions. Therefore, this review would help readers learn more about MT in a changing environment and provide new suggestions on how this knowledge could be used to develop stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Iqbal Awan
- Department of Agronomy, Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Maqbool
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Agronomy, Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Liu B, Tao Y, Manickam S, Li D, Han Y, Yu Y, Liu D. Influence of sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound-assisted air drying on the metabolic pathway of glucoraphanin in broccoli florets. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 84:105977. [PMID: 35279633 PMCID: PMC8915014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, the combinations of exogenous pretreatment (melatonin or vitamin C) and contact ultrasound-assisted air drying were utilized to dry broccoli florets. To understand the influences of the studied dehydration methods on the conversion of glucoraphanin to bioactive sulforaphane in broccoli, various components (like glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, myrosinase, etc.) and factors (temperature and moisture) involved in the metabolism pathway were analyzed. The results showed that compared with direct air drying, the sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound drying shortened the drying time by 19.0-22.7%. Meanwhile, contact sonication could promote the degradation of glucoraphanin. Both melatonin pretreatment and vitamin C pretreatment showed protective effects on the sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during the subsequent drying process. At the end of drying, the sulforaphane content in samples dehydrated by the sequential melatonin (or vitamin C) pretreatment and ultrasound-intensified drying was 14.4% (or 26.5%) higher than only air-dried samples. The correlation analysis revealed that the exogenous pretreatment or ultrasound could affect the enzymatic degradation of glucoraphanin and the generation of sulforaphane through weakening the connections of sulforaphane-myrosinase, sulforaphane-VC, and VC-myrosinase. Overall, the reported results can enrich the biochemistry knowledge about the transformation of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables during drying, and the combined VC/melatonin pretreatment and ultrasound drying is conducive to protect bioactive sulforaphane in dehydrated broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongbin Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongfeng Liu
- Zelang Postgraduate Working Station, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Riaz M, Zhao S, Kamran M, Ur Rehman N, Mora-Poblete F, Maldonado C, Hamzah Saleem M, Parveen A, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi A, Al-Hemaid FM, Ali S, Elshikh MS. Effect of nano-silicon on the regulation of ascorbate-glutathione contents, antioxidant defense system and growth of copper stressed wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986991. [PMID: 36311131 PMCID: PMC9613113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+) toxicity can inhibit plant growth and development. It has been shown that silicon (Si) can relieve Cu2+ stress. However, it is unclear how Si-nanoparticles (SiNPs) relieve Cu2+ stress in wheat seedlings. Therefore, the current study was conducted by setting up four treatments: CK, SiNP: (2.5 mM), Cu2+: (500 µM), and SiNP+Cu2+: (2.5 mM SiNP+500 µM Cu2+) to explore whether SiNPs can alleviate Cu2+ toxicity in wheat seedlings. The results showed that Cu2+ stress hampered root and shoot growth and accumulated high Cu2+ concentrations in roots (45.35 mg/kg) and shoots (25.70 mg/kg) of wheat as compared to control treatment. Moreover, Cu2+ treatment inhibited photosynthetic traits and chlorophyll contents as well as disturbed the antioxidant defense system by accumulating malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) contents. However, SiNPs treatment increased root length and shoot height by 15.1% and 22%, respectively, under Cu2+ toxicity. Moreover, SiNPs application decreased MDA and H2O2 contents by 31.25% and 19.25%, respectively. SiNPs increased non-enzymatic compounds such as ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activities by 77.5%, 141.7%, 68%, and 80%, respectively. Furthermore, SiNPs decreased Cu2+ concentrations in shoots by 26.2%, as compared to Cu2+ treatment alone. The results concluded that SiNPs could alleviate Cu2+ stress in wheat seedlings. The present investigation may help to increase wheat production in Cu2+ contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaopeng Zhao, ; Carlos Maldonado,
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naveed Ur Rehman
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Carlos Maldonado
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Shaopeng Zhao, ; Carlos Maldonado,
| | | | - Aasma Parveen
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M. Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Vanadium Toxicity Induced Changes in Growth, Antioxidant Profiling, and Vanadium Uptake in Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Seedlings. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is one of the current serious environmental and agricultural soil issues, and it is mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Vanadium (V) is found in low concentrations in a wide range of plants and is widely distributed in soils. The current study aimed to determine how pepper seedlings responded to various V concentrations, as well as the detrimental effects of V on growth, root morphological traits, photosynthetic performance, reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmolytes production, antioxidant enzyme activities, and V uptake. Pepper seedlings (5 weeks old) were grown in hydroponic culture with six V levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg L−1 NH4VO3). After two weeks of V treatment, low level of V (10, 20 mg L−1) enhanced the growth status, conversely higher V (30, 40, and 50 mg L−1) level reduced the growth. The leaf gas exchange elements, pigments molecules, and root growth characteristics are also affected by higher V concentrations. Moreover, V uptake was higher in roots than in the shoot of pepper seedlings. Similarly, osmolytes content, ROS production, and antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly improved under V stress. Concluding, lower V (10, 20 mg L−1) concentration positively affected pepper growth, and higher V (30, 40, and 50 mg L−1) concentration had a detrimental effect on pepper physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
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Hoque MN, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Hannan A, Sultana N, Akhter S, Hasanuzzaman M, Akter F, Hossain MS, Sayed MA, Hasan MT, Skalicky M, Li X, Brestič M. Melatonin Modulates Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: Morphological Responses to Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111445. [PMID: 34768875 PMCID: PMC8584185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses. Heavy metals cause serious damage to plant growth and productivity, which is a major problem for sustainable agriculture. It adversely affects plant molecular physiology and biochemistry by generating osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, oxidative stress, membrane disorganization, cellular toxicity, and metabolic homeostasis. To improve and stimulate plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, the application of biostimulants can be an effective approach without threatening the ecosystem. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a biostimulator, plant growth regulator, and antioxidant, promotes plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by improving redox and nutrient homeostasis, osmotic balance, and primary and secondary metabolism. It is important to perceive the complete and detailed regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous melatonin-mediated heavy metal-toxicity mitigation in plants to identify potential research gaps that should be addressed in the future. This review provides a novel insight to understand the multifunctional role of melatonin in reducing heavy metal stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Najmol Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.T.-U.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Afsana Hannan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Naima Sultana
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shirin Akhter
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Fahmida Akter
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Abu Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Toufiq Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.T.-U.-A.); (M.B.)
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18
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Anderson AJ, Kim YC. The Plant-Stress Metabolites, Hexanoic Aacid and Melatonin, Are Potential "Vaccines" for Plant Health Promotion. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:415-427. [PMID: 34847628 PMCID: PMC8632612 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.01.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of compounds stimulate protective mechanisms in plants against microbial pathogens and abiotic stresses. Some defense activators are synthetic compounds and trigger responses only in certain protective pathways, such as activation of defenses under regulation by the plant regulator, salicylic acid (SA). This review discusses the potential of naturally occurring plant metabolites as primers for defense responses in the plant. The production of the metabolites, hexanoic acid and melatonin, in plants means they are consumed when plants are eaten as foods. Both metabolites prime stronger and more rapid activation of plant defense upon subsequent stress. Because these metabolites trigger protective measures in the plant they can be considered as "vaccines" to promote plant vigor. Hexanoic acid and melatonin instigate systemic changes in plant metabolism associated with both of the major defense pathways, those regulated by SA- and jasmonic acid (JA). These two pathways are well studied because of their induction by different microbial triggers: necrosis-causing microbial pathogens induce the SA pathway whereas colonization by beneficial microbes stimulates the JA pathway. The plant's responses to the two metabolites, however, are not identical with a major difference being a characterized growth response with melatonin but not hexanoic acid. As primers for plant defense, hexanoic acid and melatonin have the potential to be successfully integrated into vaccination-like strategies to protect plants against diseases and abiotic stresses that do not involve man-made chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J. Anderson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Young Cheol Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Sun Y, Ma C, Kang X, Zhang L, Wang J, Zheng S, Zhang T. Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide are involved in melatonin-induced salt tolerance in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:101-112. [PMID: 34340024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel gaseous signaling molecule in response to adversity stress. Melatonin (MT) is a multifunctional molecule that plays an important role in regulating plant stress resistance. However, the interactions between H2S and MT are still unknown. Therefore, the role of H2S in MT-induced salt tolerance was elucidated in this study by measuring the antioxidant defense system and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber. In addition, the crosstalk among H2S, NO, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was investigated. Results showed that MT induced the production of H2S by significantly increasing the activity of L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase, thereby regulating photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity, and antioxidant enzyme gene expression in cucumber, thus alleviating reactive oxygen species burst by salt stress. In this process, the H2S and NO induced by MT were inhibited by NO scavenger (cPTIO) and H2S scavenger (HT) but not affected by MAPK inhibitor (U0126). Intriguingly, the expression of MAPK3/4/6/9 was inhibited by HT and cPTIO. These results suggested that H2S may act as downstream of MT, interact with NO and MAPK cascades, and jointly participate in the process of MT mitigating salt stress in cucumber. In addition, H2S and NO are upstream signaling molecules of the MAPK cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpei Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xin Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tengguo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Kurmanbayeva M, Sekerova T, Tileubayeva Z, Kaiyrbekov T, Kusmangazinov A, Shapalov S, Madenova A, Burkitbayev M, Bachilova N. Influence of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on performance of wheat yield. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4644-4655. [PMID: 34354451 PMCID: PMC8324966 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the main cereal crop in Kazakhstan and fertilizers play an important role in enhancing harvest growth. In this study, the impact of new sulfur-containing fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat was evaluated, and the resistance of varieties to Puccinia triticina Erikss was also investigated. (also known as Puccinia recondite Rob. ex Desm.) for recommendations in agriculture. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2020 in a nursery and greenhouse. The sulfur-containing fertilizer contains nutrients that allow you to extend the duration of absorption by the plant, thereby extending the period of their availability to plants, compared to conventional preparations. By encapsulating molten elemental sulfur and impregnating with a solution of calcium polysulfide, a long-acting compound based on amorphous and monocalcium phosphate was developed. The sulfur is in a water-soluble sulfate form, which, in turn, is slowly oxidized by bacteria and retained in the soil. Three different types of the developed sulfur-containing nano-particle have been used to test in greenhouses and nurseries: powdered, pasty sulfur-containing composition, and a solution of calcium polysulfide. The results showed that the use of powdered and dissolved sulfur-containing fertilizers contributed to the early ripeness and increased productivity of wheat. Wheat varieties were tested for the presence of key Lr genes that determine resistance to brown rust. The Omskaya 29 sample showed an immune response according to phytopathological assessment, and molecular screening revealed four resistance genes. The new sulfur-containing product is recommended for improving wheat productivity in agriculture, and the Omskaya 29 variety can also be used as a valuable breeding material resistant to brown rust.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aigul Madenova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kazakhstan
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21
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Altaf MA, Shahid R, Ren MX, Mora-Poblete F, Arnao MB, Naz S, Anwar M, Altaf MM, Shahid S, Shakoor A, Sohail H, Ahmar S, Kamran M, Chen JT. Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:820-846. [PMID: 33159319 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, melatonin has gained significant importance in plant research. The presence of melatonin in the plant kingdom has been known since 1995. It is a molecule that is conserved in a wide array of evolutionary distant organisms. Its functions and characteristics have been found to be similar in both plants and animals. The review focuses on the role of melatonin pertaining to physiological functions in higher plants. Melatonin regulates physiological functions regarding auxin activity, root, shoot, and explant growth, activates germination of seeds, promotes rhizogenesis (growth of adventitious and lateral roots), and holds up impelled leaf senescence. Melatonin is a natural bio-stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra-violet radiation. The full potential of melatonin in regulating physiological functions in higher plants still needs to be explored by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Shahid
- School of Economics, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Sidra Shahid
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hamza Sohail
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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22
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Tang L, Hamid Y, Chen Z, Lin Q, Shohag MJI, He Z, Yang X. A phytoremediation coupled with agro-production mode suppresses Fusarium wilt disease and alleviates cadmium phytotoxicity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in continuous cropping greenhouse soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128634. [PMID: 33082004 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination and continuous cropping obstacle often coexist in greenhouse soil and seriously restrict cucumber production. In this study, hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance was intercropped with spring cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), then rotated with low accumulator water spinach and autumn cucumber under rational water regime, composited amendment was applied to soil before transplanting autumn cucumber. The results showed that, compared with conventional crop rotation system (Chinese cabbage and cucumber rotation), superposition management practice suppressed Fusarium wilt disease by 28.4 and 57.4% and increased yield by 35.2 and 383% for spring and autumn cucumbers, respectively. Meanwhile, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant system and fruit quality were significantly improved. Furthermore, this mode modified soil microbial community structure, enhanced soil enzyme activities, and simultaneously reduced soil total and phytoavailable Cd by 30.3 and 47.7%, respectively. These results demonstrated a feasible technical system to achieve phytoremediation coupled with argo-production in Cd contaminated greenhouse soil with continuous cropping obstacle and provided useful information for further revelation of interaction mechanisms between multicropping and comprehensive biofortification measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Jahidul Islam Shohag
- Department of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Zhenli He
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, United States
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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ROS and NO Regulation by Melatonin Under Abiotic Stress in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111078. [PMID: 33153156 PMCID: PMC7693017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years. Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Moreover, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, with this being an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, as extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions. Lastly, in this review, we show the coordinated actions between NO and MET as a long-range signaling molecule, regulating many responses in plants, including plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET and NO act on the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Qian J, Si W, Tan Q, Xu J, Zhao Y. Melatonin enhances the cadmium tolerance of mushrooms through antioxidant-related metabolites and enzymes. Food Chem 2020; 330:127263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Canales J, Uribe F, Henríquez-Valencia C, Lovazzano C, Medina J, Vidal EA. Transcriptomic analysis at organ and time scale reveals gene regulatory networks controlling the sulfate starvation response of Solanum lycopersicum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:385. [PMID: 32831040 PMCID: PMC7444261 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur is a major component of biological molecules and thus an essential element for plants. Deficiency of sulfate, the main source of sulfur in soils, negatively influences plant growth and crop yield. The effect of sulfate deficiency on plants has been well characterized at the physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic levels in Arabidopsis thaliana and a limited number of crop plants. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying sulfate deficiency in most plants. In this work we analyzed the impact of sulfate starvation on the transcriptome of tomato plants to identify regulatory networks and key transcriptional regulators at a temporal and organ scale. RESULTS Sulfate starvation reduces the growth of roots and leaves which is accompanied by major changes in the organ transcriptome, with the response being temporally earlier in roots than leaves. Comparative analysis showed that a major part of the Arabidopsis and tomato transcriptomic response to sulfate starvation is conserved between these plants and allowed for the identification of processes specifically regulated in tomato at the transcript level, including the control of internal phosphate levels. Integrative gene network analysis uncovered key transcription factors controlling the temporal expression of genes involved in sulfate assimilation, as well as cell cycle, cell division and photosynthesis during sulfate starvation in tomato roots and leaves. Interestingly, one of these transcription factors presents a high identity with SULFUR LIMITATION1, a central component of the sulfate starvation response in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results provide the first comprehensive catalog of sulfate-responsive genes in tomato, as well as novel regulatory targets for future functional analyses in tomato and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Uribe
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Valencia
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Lovazzano
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena A Vidal
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
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26
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Xu L, Zhang F, Tang M, Wang Y, Dong J, Ying J, Chen Y, Hu B, Li C, Liu L. Melatonin confers cadmium tolerance by modulating critical heavy metal chelators and transporters in radish plants. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12659. [PMID: 32323337 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that causes health hazard to living organisms. Melatonin (MT) has emerged as a ubiquitous pleiotropic molecule capable of coordinating heavy metal (HM) stresses in plants. However, it remains unclear how melatonin mediates Cd homeostasis and detoxification at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels in radish. Herein, the activities of five key antioxidant enzymes were increased, while root and shoot Cd contents were dramatically decreased by melatonin. A combined small RNA and transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that 14 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and 966 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between the Cd and Cd + MT conditions. In all, 23 and ten correlated miRNA-DEG pairs were identified in Con vs. Cd and Con vs. Cd + MT comparisons, respectively. Several DEGs encoding yellow stripe 1-like (YSL), heavy metal ATPases (HMA), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were involved in Cd transportation and sequestration in radish. Root exposure to Cd2+ induced several specific signaling molecules, which consequently trigger some HM chelators, transporters, and antioxidants to achieve reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and detoxification and eliminate Cd toxicity in radish plants. Notably, transgenic analysis revealed that overexpression of the RsMT1 (Metallothionein 1) gene could enhance Cd tolerance of tobacco plants, indicating that the exogenous melatonin confers Cd tolerance, which might be attributable to melatonin-mediated upregulation of RsMT1 gene in radish plants. These results could contribute to dissecting the molecular basis governing melatonin-mediated Cd stress response in plants and pave the way for high-efficient genetically engineering low-Cd-content cultivars in radish breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA's Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOAR, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Wang X, Zhang H, Xie Q, Liu Y, Lv H, Bai R, Ma R, Li X, Zhang X, Guo YD, Zhang N. SlSNAT Interacts with HSP40, a Molecular Chaperone, to Regulate Melatonin Biosynthesis and Promote Thermotolerance in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:909-921. [PMID: 32065633 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The SNAT enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of melatonin, which is reported to regulate thermotolerance in many plants. However, the mechanistic basis of this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we identified the SlSNAT gene, which is responsible for melatonin biosynthesis in tomato. SlSNAT expression levels were 3- and 5-fold higher in SlSNAT overexpression lines OX-2 and OX-6, respectively. The melatonin levels were 3- and 4-fold higher than those in wild type. The melatonin levels decreased by 50% when the expression of SlSNAT was downregulated to 40%. Overexpression of SlSNAT in tomato plants provided significantly enhanced thermotolerance with better growth performance in Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and alleviated heat injury. Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by SlSNAT overexpression decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fm. The SlSNAT overexpression line showed protected ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteins and upregulated response of heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress. HSP40, a DnaJ-type chaperone, was found to interact with SlSNAT in the chloroplast. Downregulation of HSP40 showed lower melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 functions as a chaperone to protect the SNAT enzyme during melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 interacted with SlSNAT and together participated in melatonin-related thermotolerance regulation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyue Bai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130124, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Usmani MM, Nawaz F, Majeed S, Shehzad MA, Ahmad KS, Akhtar G, Aqib M, Shabbir RN. Sulfate-mediated Drought Tolerance in Maize Involves Regulation at Physiological and Biochemical Levels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1147. [PMID: 31980688 PMCID: PMC6981264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction in nutrient acquisition is one of the primary causes for reduced growth and yield in water deficient soils. Sulfur (S) is an important secondary macronutrient that interacts with several stress metabolites to improve performance of food crops under various environmental stresses including drought. Increased S supply influences uptake and distribution of essential nutrients to confer nutritional homeostasis in plants exposed to limited water conditions. The regulation of S metabolism in plants, resulting in synthesis of numerous S-containing compounds, is crucial to the acclimation response to drought stress. Two different experiments were laid out in semi-controlled conditions to investigate the effects of different S sources on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of maize (Zea mays L. cv. P1574). Initially, the rate of S application in maize was optimized in terms of improved biomass and nutrient uptake. The maize seedlings were grown in sandy loam soil fertigated with various doses (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha-1) of different S fertilizers viz. K2SO4, FeSO4, CuSO4 and Na2SO4. The optimized S dose of each fertilizer was later tested in second experiment to determine its role in improving drought tolerance of maize plants. A marked effect of S fertilization was observed on biomass accumulation and nutrients uptake in maize. In addition, the optimized doses significantly increased the gas exchange characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes to improve yield of maize. Among various S sources, application of K2SO4 resulted in maximum photosynthetic rate (43%), stomatal conductance (98%), transpiration rate (61%) and sub-stomatal conductance (127%) compared to no S supply. Moreover, it also increased catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities by 55, 87 and 65%, respectively that ultimately improved maize yield by 33% with respect to control under water deficit conditions. These results highlight the importance of S fertilizers that would likely be helpful for farmers to get better yield in water deficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahim Nawaz
- Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Majeed
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqib
- Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rana Nauman Shabbir
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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29
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Abstract
Phytoremediation is a green technology that aims to take up pollutants from soil or water. Metals are one of the targets of these techniques due to their high toxicity in biological systems, including plants and animals. Their elimination or, at least, decrease will help keep them from being incorporated in the trophic chain and thus reaching animal and human food. The metal removal efficiency of plants is closely related to their growth rate, tolerance, and their adaptability to different environments. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. In plants, it plays an important role related to antioxidant activity, but also as an important redox network regulator. Thus, melatonin has been defined as a biostimulator of plant growth, especially under environmental stress conditions, whether abiotic (water deficit and waterlogging, extreme temperature, UV radiation, salinity, alkalinity, specific mineral deficit/excess, metals and other toxic compounds, etc.) or biotic (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). Exogenous melatonin treated plants have been seen to have a high tolerance to stressors, minimizing possible harmful effects through the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activating antioxidative responses. Furthermore, important gene expression changes in stress specific transcription factors have been demonstrated. Melatonin is capable of mobilizing toxic metals, through phytochelatins, transporting this, while sequestration adds to the biostimulator effect of melatonin on plants, improving plant tolerance against toxic pollutants. Furthermore, melatonin improves the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) in stress situations, enhancing cell metabolism. In light of the above, the application of melatonin seems to be a useful option for clearing toxic pollutants from the environment by improving phytoremediation. Interestingly, a variety of stressors induce melatonin biosynthesis in plants, and the study of this endogenous response in hyperaccumulator plants may be even more interesting as a natural response of the phytoremediation of diverse plants.
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30
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Alsubaie QD, Ali HM, Ibrahim AA, Alsadon A. Potential roles of melatonin and sulfur in alleviation of lanthanum toxicity in tomato seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:656-667. [PMID: 31136876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the active use of rare-earth elements in many areas, it is necessary to study their behavior in the environment and their biological impact on plants. Despite the role of melatonin and sulfur in plant growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance; it is still not clear how they have a strong regulatory influence and synergistic effect on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants under different environmental stresses. Therefore, this study highlights how melatonin and sulfur together potentially involved in a reversal of lanthanum-inhibited photosynthetic and growth responses in tomato seedlings. Here, we reported that seedlings grown in a medium containing 150 μM lanthanum exhibited increased overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation together with increased Chlorophyll degradation, and activity of chlorophyllase, proline dehydrogenase and glycolate oxidase (GOx), and decreased photosynthesis and growth. However, the application of melatonin and sulfur showed significant responses on tomato seedlings, although the response of their combined treatment was more effective by further increasing photosynthesis and growth under lanthanum toxicity. Melatonin supplied with sulfur suppressed ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and activity of GOx, and increased photosynthesis by upregulating activities of carbonic anhydrase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Also, sulfur supplementation with melatonin to seedlings resulted in an elevation in the accumulation of Chl and proline by increasing δ-aminolevulinic acid and activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity. The administration of melatonin with sulfur substantially induced upregulation of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase) activities involved in the antioxidant system, thereby mitigating ROS-induced oxidative damage. Thus, this study provides strong evidence that melatonin and sulfur have strong regulatory influence and synergistic role in alleviating the adverse effect of lanthanum-toxicity by increasing photosynthesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsadon
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Melatonin treatment affects the glucoraphanin-sulforaphane system in postharvest fresh-cut broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). Food Chem 2019; 307:125562. [PMID: 31648174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of postharvest melatonin treatment on sulforaphane production of fresh-cut broccoli at 4℃ during storage was investigated in this study. Florets treated with 100 μM melatonin exhibited higher contents of total glucosinolates and sulforaphane. Glucoraphanin content was significantly increased after melatonin treatment, and which was explained by gene analysis. Expressions of glucoraphanin biosynthesis genes including Elong, CYP83A1, MYB28, UGT74B1 and FMOGS-OX1 were up-regulated while AOP2 was obviously decreased by melatonin treatment, leading to a higher glucoraphanin accumulation. In addition, application of melatonin enhanced the myrosinase activity and the expression level of MYO, benefiting the formation of sulforaphane. This study demonstrates that melatonin treatment positively affected the glucoraphanin-sulforaphane system in postharvest fresh-cut broccoli.
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Hasan MK, Ahammed GJ, Sun S, Li M, Yin H, Zhou J. Melatonin Inhibits Cadmium Translocation and Enhances Plant Tolerance by Regulating Sulfur Uptake and Assimilation in Solanum lycopersicum L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10563-10576. [PMID: 31487171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) metabolism plays a vital role in Cd detoxification, but the collaboration between melatonin biosynthesis and S metabolism under Cd stress remains unaddressed. Using exogenous melatonin, melatonin-deficient tomato plants with a silenced caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, and COMT-overexpressing plants with cosuppression of sulfate transporter (SUT)1 and SUT2 genes, we found that melatonin deficiency decreased S accumulation and aggravated Cd phytotoxicity, whereas exogenous melatonin or overexpression of COMT increased S uptake and assimilation, resulting in an improved plant growth and Cd tolerance. Melatonin deficiency promoted Cd translocation from root to shoot, but COMT overexpression caused the opposite effect. COMT overexpression failed to compensate the functional hierarchy of S when its uptake was inhibited by cosilencing of transporter SUT1 and SUT2. Our study provides genetic evidence that melatonin-mediated tolerance to Cd is closely associated with the efficient regulation of S metabolism, redox homeostasis, and Cd translocation in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Yuhangtang Road 866 , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang 471023 , China
| | - Shuchang Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Yuhangtang Road 866 , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey , Xiaojin Road 508 , Hangzhou 311203 , China
| | - Hanqin Yin
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey , Xiaojin Road 508 , Hangzhou 311203 , China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture , Zhejiang University , Yuhangtang Road 866 , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement , Agricultural Ministry of China , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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33
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Melatonin as a Chemical Substance or as Phytomelatonin Rich-Extracts for Use as Plant Protector and/or Biostimulant in Accordance with EC Legislation. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule present in animals and plants, and also in bacteria and fungi. In plants, it has an important regulatory and protective role in the face of different stress situations in which it can be involved, mainly due to its immobility. Both in the presence of biotic and abiotic stressors, melatonin exerts protective action in which, through significant changes in gene expression, it activates a stress tolerance response. Its anti-stress role, along with other outstanding functions, suggests its possible use in active agricultural management. This review establishes considerations that are necessary for its possible authorization. The particular characteristics of this substance and its categorization as plant biostimulant are discussed, and also the different legal aspects within the framework of the European Community. The advantages and disadvantages are also described of two of its possible applications, as a plant protector or biostimulant, in accordance with legal provisions.
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34
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Liu J, Yang J, Zhang H, Cong L, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Ma F, Xu L. Melatonin Inhibits Ethylene Synthesis via Nitric Oxide Regulation To Delay Postharvest Senescence in Pears. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2279-2288. [PMID: 30735384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding ripening and senescence processes in postharvest stored fruit is key to the identification and implementation of effective treatment methods. Here, we explored the effects of exogenous applications of melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) on ripening and softening processes in three cultivars of European pear ( Pyrus communis L.). The results showed that MT and NO played important roles in the two processes: they decreased the rate of upregulation of PcCel and PcPG, inhibited expression of ethylene synthetase genes ( PcACS and PcACO), and reduced rates of respiration and ethylene production. MT increased activity of NO synthase through upregulation of expression of PcNOS that subsequently led to an increase in NO content. However, when NO synthesis was inhibited, the delaying effect of MT on fruit senescence was almost eliminated. These findings indicate that MT acted on the upstream process of NO synthesis that then delayed senescence in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Liu
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Liu Cong
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Taicheng Road NO.3 , Yangling , Shaanxi Province 712100 , China
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35
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Al-Khaishany MY, Khan MN, Al-Amri A, Ali HM, Alaraidh IA, Alsahli AA. Exogenous Melatonin Counteracts NaCl-Induced Damage by Regulating the Antioxidant System, Proline and Carbohydrates Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E353. [PMID: 30654468 PMCID: PMC6358940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a natural agent, has multiple functions in animals as well as in plants. However, its possible roles in plants under abiotic stress are not clear. Nowadays, soil salinity is a major threat to global agriculture because a high soil salt content causes multiple stresses (hyperosmotic, ionic, and oxidative). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore: (1) the involvement of melatonin in biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and in regulation of photosynthetic enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase (CA) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco); (2) the role of melatonin in osmoregulation by proline and carbohydrate metabolism; and (3) the function of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system under salinity. Outcomes of the study reveal that under non-saline conditions, application of melatonin (20 and 50 µM) improved plant growth, viz. shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight (FW), root FW, shoot dry weight (DW), root DW and leaf area and physio-biochemical parameters [chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, proline (Pro) and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) content, and increased the activity of CA and Rubisco]. However, tomato seedlings treated with NaCl exhibited enhanced Chl degradation, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; superoxide and hydrogen peroxide). ROS were detected in leaf and root. Interestingly, application of melatonin improved plant growth and reduced EL, MDA and ROS levels through upregulation of photosynthesis enzymes (CA, Rubisco), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate reductase) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants [ascorbate (ASC) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], as well as by affecting the ASC-GSH cycle. Additionally, exogenous melatonin also improved osmoregulation by increasing the content of TSC, Pro and Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity. These results suggest that melatonin has beneficial effects on tomato seedlings growth under both stress and non-stress conditions. Melatonin's role in tolerance to salt stress may be associated with the regulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, the antioxidant system, metabolism of proline and carbohydrate, and the ASC-GSH cycle. Also, melatonin could be responsible for maintaining the high ratios of GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mutahhar Y Al-Khaishany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim A Alaraidh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz A Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
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