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Marson NA, Gallio AE, Mandal SK, Laskowski RA, Raven EL. In silico prediction of heme binding in proteins. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107250. [PMID: 38569935 PMCID: PMC11101860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of heme binding to a protein is prevalent in almost all forms of life to control many important biological properties, such as O2-binding, electron transfer, gas sensing or to build catalytic power. In these cases, heme typically binds tightly (irreversibly) to a protein in a discrete heme binding pocket, with one or two heme ligands provided most commonly to the heme iron by His, Cys or Tyr residues. Heme binding can also be used as a regulatory mechanism, for example in transcriptional regulation or ion channel control. When used as a regulator, heme binds more weakly, with different heme ligations and without the need for a discrete heme pocket. This makes the characterization of heme regulatory proteins difficult, and new approaches are needed to predict and understand the heme-protein interactions. We apply a modified version of the ProFunc bioinformatics tool to identify heme-binding sites in a test set of heme-dependent regulatory proteins taken from the Protein Data Bank and AlphaFold models. The potential heme binding sites identified can be easily visualized in PyMol and, if necessary, optimized with RosettaDOCK. We demonstrate that the methodology can be used to identify heme-binding sites in proteins, including in cases where there is no crystal structure available, but the methodology is more accurate when the quality of the structural information is high. The ProFunc tool, with the modification used in this work, is publicly available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/profunc and can be readily adopted for the examination of new heme binding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa A Marson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Roman A Laskowski
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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2
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Parker AL, Johnstone TC. Carbon monoxide poisoning: A problem uniquely suited to a medicinal inorganic chemistry solution. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112453. [PMID: 38100903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most common forms of poisoning in the world. Although the primary mode of treatment, oxygen therapy, is highly effective in many cases, there are instances in which it is inadequate or inappropriate. Whereas oxygen therapy relies on high levels of a low-affinity ligand (O2) to displace a high-affinity ligand (CO) from metalloproteins, an antidote strategy relies on introducing a molecule with a higher affinity for CO than native proteins (Kantidote,CO > Kprotein,CO). Based on the fundamental chemistry of CO, such an antidote is most likely required to be an inorganic compound featuring an electron-rich transition metal. A review is provided of the protein-, supramolecular complex-, and small molecule-based CO poisoning antidote platforms that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leila Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States..
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3
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Singh B, Huang D. The Role of Circadian Rhythms in Stroke: A Narrative Review. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:290-305. [PMID: 37838637 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, a debilitating condition often leading to long-term disability, poses a substantial global concern and formidable challenge. The increasing incidence of stroke has drawn the attention of medical researchers and neurologists worldwide. Circadian rhythms have emerged as pivotal factors influencing stroke's onset, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes. To gain deeper insights into stroke, it is imperative to explore the intricate connection between circadian rhythms and stroke, spanning from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiological processes. Despite existing studies linking circadian rhythm to stroke onset, there remains a paucity of comprehensive reviews exploring its role in pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. This review undertakes a narrative analysis of studies investigating the relationship between circadian variation and stroke onset. It delves into the roles of various physiological factors, including blood pressure, coagulation profiles, blood cells, catecholamines, cortisol, and the timing of antihypertensive medication, which contribute to variations in circadian-related stroke risk. At a molecular level, the review elucidates the involvement of melatonin, circadian genes, and glial cells in the pathophysiology. Furthermore, it provides insights into the diverse factors influencing stroke treatment and outcomes within the context of circadian variation. The review underscores the importance of considering circadian rhythms when determining the timing of stroke interventions, emphasizing the necessity for personalized stroke management strategies that incorporate circadian rhythms. It offers valuable insights into potential molecular targets and highlights areas that require further exploration to enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. In comparison to the published literature, this manuscript distinguishes itself through its coverage of circadian rhythms' impact on stroke across the entire clinical spectrum. It presents a unique synthesis of epidemiological, clinical, molecular, and cellular evidence, underscoring their collective significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivek Singh
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Medicine, National Cardiac Centre, Basundhara, Kathmandu, , Bagmati Province, Nepal.
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Nastasi MR, Borisov VB, Forte E. Membrane-Bound Redox Enzyme Cytochrome bd-I Promotes Carbon Monoxide-Resistant Escherichia coli Growth and Respiration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1277. [PMID: 38279276 PMCID: PMC10815991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The terminal oxidases of bacterial aerobic respiratory chains are redox-active electrogenic enzymes that catalyze the four-electron reduction of O2 to 2H2O taking out electrons from quinol or cytochrome c. Living bacteria often deal with carbon monoxide (CO) which can act as both a signaling molecule and a poison. Bacterial terminal oxidases contain hemes; therefore, they are potential targets for CO. However, our knowledge of this issue is limited and contradictory. Here, we investigated the effect of CO on the cell growth and aerobic respiration of three different Escherichia coli mutants, each expressing only one terminal quinol oxidase: cytochrome bd-I, cytochrome bd-II, or cytochrome bo3. We found that following the addition of CO to bd-I-only cells, a minimal effect on growth was observed, whereas the growth of both bd-II-only and bo3-only strains was severely impaired. Consistently, the degree of resistance of aerobic respiration of bd-I-only cells to CO is high, as opposed to high CO sensitivity displayed by bd-II-only and bo3-only cells consuming O2. Such a difference between the oxidases in sensitivity to CO was also observed with isolated membranes of the mutants. Accordingly, O2 consumption of wild-type cells showed relatively low CO sensitivity under conditions favoring the expression of a bd-type oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina R. Nastasi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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5
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Henrich L, Kiessling I, Steimer M, Frase S, Kaiser S, Schallner N. Circadian dependency of microglial heme oxygenase-1 expression and inflammation determine neuronal injury in hemorrhagic stroke. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:43. [PMID: 38104143 PMCID: PMC10725034 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme pathway is of crucial importance in the removal of toxic blood components and regulation of neuroinflammation following hemorrhagic stroke. Although a circadian pattern dependency in the incidence and severity of hemorrhagic stroke exists, it is unknown whether the activity of the HO-1 system in the context of hemorrhagic injury also exhibits circadian dependency. We hypothesized that the circadian regulation of microglial HO-1 would determine the extent of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS In vitro expression patterns of HO-1 and circadian rhythm genes were analyzed in the microglial BV-2 cell line and primary microglia (PMG) using Western blot and qPCR. PMG isolated from Hmox1fl/fl and LyzM-Cre-Hmox1fl/fl mice were used to evaluate the role of microglial HO-1. We further investigated the in vivo relevance in a murine subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model using Hmox1fl/fl and LyzM-Cre-Hmox1fl/fl mice with myeloid cell HO-1 deficiency, inducing SAH at different zeitgeber (ZT) times and analyzing the expression of HO-1 and the circadian control gene Period-2 (Per-2), respectively. Furthermore, we measured the inflammatory cytokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) in the cerebrospinal fluid of SAH patients in correlation with clinical outcome. RESULTS HO-1 baseline expression and response to CO with blood exposure depended on ZT. In vitro expression of circadian control genes was de-synchronized in LyzM-Cre-Hmox1fl/fl PMG and did not respond to exogenous CO exposure. We found that circadian rhythm plays a crucial role in brain damage after SAH. At ZT2, we observed less phagocytic function, more vasospasm and increased microglial activation. CO reduced mortality at ZT12 in HO-1 deficient mice and reduced the difference between ZT2 and ZT12 in the inflammatory response. Induction of MCP-1 in the CSF from SAH patients was time-dependent and correlated with the expression of circadian control genes, SAH severity, functional impairment and delirium. CONCLUSIONS Our data point towards a crucial role for the HO-1 enzyme system and circadian control in neuronal injury after a hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Henrich
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iva Kiessling
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matti Steimer
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Frase
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Kaiser
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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6
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Murgo E, Colangelo T, Bellet MM, Malatesta F, Mazzoccoli G. Role of the Circadian Gas-Responsive Hemeprotein NPAS2 in Physiology and Pathology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 37887064 PMCID: PMC10603908 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a hemeprotein comprising a basic helix-loop-helix domain (bHLH) and two heme-binding sites, the PAS-A and PAS-B domains. This protein acts as a pyridine nucleotide-dependent and gas-responsive CO-dependent transcription factor and is encoded by a gene whose expression fluctuates with circadian rhythmicity. NPAS2 is a core cog of the molecular clockwork and plays a regulatory role on metabolic pathways, is important for the function of the central nervous system in mammals, and is involved in carcinogenesis as well as in normal biological functions and processes, such as cardiovascular function and wound healing. We reviewed the scientific literature addressing the various facets of NPAS2 and framing this gene/protein in several and very different research and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Murgo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
- Cancer Cell Signaling Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Marina Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Malatesta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
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7
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Noguchi M, Mao Q, Nakagami A, Kitagishi H. Spontaneous reduction of iron(III)porphyrin to iron(II)porphyrin-CO complex in mouse circulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6211-6214. [PMID: 37129063 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron(II/III)porphyrin/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes serve as hemoprotein models in vivo. Here we showed the iron(III)porphyrin complex to be spontaneously reduced to its iron(II) state in mouse circulation. The reduced complex bound endogenous CO from carboxyhemoglobin, which was followed by urinary excretion. The natural reduction system was found to be effective for synthetic heme-model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan.
| | - Qiyue Mao
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan.
| | - Atsuki Nakagami
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan.
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8
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A synthetic porphyrin as an effective dual antidote against carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209924120. [PMID: 36802431 PMCID: PMC9992825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209924120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide is the major cause of mortality in fire gas accidents. Here, we report on the invention of an injectable antidote against CO and cyanide (CN-) mixed poisoning. The solution contains four compounds: iron(III)porphyrin (FeIIITPPS, F), two methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) dimers linked by pyridine (Py3CD, P) and imidazole (Im3CD, I), and a reducing agent (Na2S2O4, S). When these compounds are dissolved in saline, the solution contains two synthetic heme models including a complex of F with P (hemoCD-P) and another one of F with I (hemoCD-I), both in their iron(II) state. hemoCD-P is stable in its iron(II) state and captures CO more strongly than native hemoproteins, while hemoCD-I is readily autoxidized to its iron(III) state to scavenge CN- once injected into blood circulation. The mixed solution (hemoCD-Twins) exhibited remarkable protective effects against acute CO and CN- mixed poisoning in mice (~85% survival vs. 0% controls). In a model using rats, exposure to CO and CN- resulted in a significant decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, which were restored by hemoCD-Twins in association with decreased CO and CN- levels in blood. Pharmacokinetic data revealed a fast urinary excretion of hemoCD-Twins with an elimination half-life of 47 min. Finally, to simulate a fire accident and translate our findings to a real-life scenario, we confirmed that combustion gas from acrylic cloth caused severe toxicity to mice and that injection of hemoCD-Twins significantly improved the survival rate, leading to a rapid recovery from the physical incapacitation.
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9
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Min Q, Ji X. Strategies toward Metal-Free Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs: An Update. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200500. [PMID: 36251749 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide is an important gasotransmitter in mammals, with pleiotropic therapeutic potential against a wide range of human diseases. However, clinical translation of CO is severely hampered by the lack of a reliable CO delivery form. The development of metal-free CO prodrugs is the key to resolving such delivery issues. Over the past three years, some new exciting progress has been made in this field. In this review, we highlight these advances and discuss related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Min
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
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10
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Daiber A, Frenis K, Kuntic M, Li H, Wolf E, Kilgallen AB, Lecour S, Van Laake LW, Schulz R, Hahad O, Münzel T. Redox Regulatory Changes of Circadian Rhythm by the Environmental Risk Factors Traffic Noise and Air Pollution. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:679-703. [PMID: 35088601 PMCID: PMC9618394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and traffic noise contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Recent Advances: Epidemiological data suggest that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disease, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, neurodegeneration, depression, and anxiety disorders, mainly by activation of stress hormone signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Critical Issues: We here provide an in-depth review on the impact of the environmental risk factors air pollution and traffic noise exposure (components of the external exposome) on cardiovascular health, with special emphasis on the role of environmentally triggered oxidative stress and dysregulation of the circadian clock. Also, a general introduction on the contribution of circadian rhythms to cardiovascular health and disease as well as a detailed mechanistic discussion of redox regulatory pathways of the circadian clock system is provided. Future Directions: Finally, we discuss the potential of preventive strategies or "chrono" therapy for cardioprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 679-703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Andreas Daiber, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Structural Chronobiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aoife B. Kilgallen
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda W. Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Thomas Münzel, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
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11
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Yuan Z, De La Cruz LK, Yang X, Wang B. Carbon Monoxide Signaling: Examining Its Engagement with Various Molecular Targets in the Context of Binding Affinity, Concentration, and Biologic Response. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:823-873. [PMID: 35738683 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been firmly established as an endogenous signaling molecule with a variety of pathophysiological and pharmacological functions, including immunomodulation, organ protection, and circadian clock regulation, among many others. In terms of its molecular mechanism(s) of action, CO is known to bind to a large number of hemoproteins with at least 25 identified targets, including hemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome P450, soluble guanylyl cyclase, myeloperoxidase, and some ion channels with dissociation constant values spanning the range of sub-nM to high μM. Although CO's binding affinity with a large number of targets has been extensively studied and firmly established, there is a pressing need to incorporate such binding information into the analysis of CO's biologic response in the context of affinity and dosage. Especially important is to understand the reservoir role of hemoglobin in CO storage, transport, distribution, and transfer. We critically review the literature and inject a sense of quantitative assessment into our analyses of the various relationships among binding affinity, CO concentration, target occupancy level, and anticipated pharmacological actions. We hope that this review presents a picture of the overall landscape of CO's engagement with various targets, stimulates additional research, and helps to move the CO field in the direction of examining individual targets in the context of all of the targets and the concentration of available CO. We believe that such work will help the further understanding of the relationship of CO concentration and its pathophysiological functions and the eventual development of CO-based therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The further development of carbon monoxide (CO) as a therapeutic agent will significantly rely on the understanding of CO's engagement with therapeutically relevant targets of varying affinity. This review critically examines the literature by quantitatively analyzing the intricate relationships among targets, target affinity for CO, CO level, and the affinity state of carboxyhemoglobin and provide a holistic approach to examining the molecular mechanism(s) of action for CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Hyson BE, Wehbie RS, Haikal NA, Bishop-Freeman SC. Endogenous carbon monoxide due to hemolytic anemia: A forensic red herring. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1294-1299. [PMID: 35179233 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity associated with exposure to an environmental, exogenous source, is routinely investigated in the field of forensics. Paramedics responded to the home of a 60-year-old woman who complained of persistent nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. Her initial carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) saturation was 25% as measured by paramedics in the field via pulse CO-oximetry (SpCO) and was, 2 hours later, confirmed by hospital laboratory spectrophotometric analysis to be 16% after initial treatment in the emergency department. The clinical presentation of environmental CO exposure and subsequent death notification to the North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner prompted an extensive investigation into the suspected residential source of CO, which ultimately ruled out all exogenous sources. The medicolegal death investigator later discovered an updated hematology consultation note, which determined the actual source of the CO to be endogenously produced from disease. Herein, we report an unusual fatality involving enhanced endogenous CO production caused by warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. This unique case report and brief literature review of disease-related elevation of endogenous CO will shed light on this lesser-known phenomenon alerting the forensic community to its potential occurrence and need for consideration when sources of environmental exposure have been exhausted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Hyson
- North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert S Wehbie
- UNC Rex Healthcare, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nabila A Haikal
- North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra C Bishop-Freeman
- North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Kawai K, Hirayama T, Imai H, Murakami T, Inden M, Hozumi I, Nagasawa H. Molecular Imaging of Labile Heme in Living Cells Using a Small Molecule Fluorescent Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3793-3803. [PMID: 35133144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Labile heme (LH) is a complex of Fe(II) and protoporphyrin IX, an essential signaling molecule in various biological systems. Most of the subcellular dynamics of LH remain unclear because of the lack of efficient chemical tools for detecting LH in cells. Here, we report an activity-based fluorescence probe that can monitor the fluctuations of LH in biological events. H-FluNox is a selective fluorescent probe that senses LH using biomimetic N-oxide deoxygenation to trigger fluorescence. The selectivity of H-FluNox to LH is >100-fold against Fe(II), enabling the discrimination of LH from the labile Fe(II) pool in living cells. The probe can detect the acute release of LH upon NO stimulation and the accumulation of LH by inhibiting the heme exporter. In addition, imaging studies using the probe revealed a partial heme-export activity of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), potential LH pooling ability of G-quadruplex, and involvement of LH in ferroptosis. The successful use of H-FluNox in identifying fluctuations of LH in living cells offers opportunities for studying the physiology and pathophysiology of LH in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Kawai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Haruka Imai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Takanori Murakami
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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14
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Fleischhacker AS, Sarkar A, Liu L, Ragsdale SW. Regulation of protein function and degradation by heme, heme responsive motifs, and CO. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:16-47. [PMID: 34517731 PMCID: PMC8966953 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1961674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heme is an essential biomolecule and cofactor involved in a myriad of biological processes. In this review, we focus on how heme binding to heme regulatory motifs (HRMs), catalytic sites, and gas signaling molecules as well as how changes in the heme redox state regulate protein structure, function, and degradation. We also relate these heme-dependent changes to the affected metabolic processes. We center our discussion on two HRM-containing proteins: human heme oxygenase-2, a protein that binds and degrades heme (releasing Fe2+ and CO) in its catalytic core and binds Fe3+-heme at HRMs located within an unstructured region of the enzyme, and the transcriptional regulator Rev-erbβ, a protein that binds Fe3+-heme at an HRM and is involved in CO sensing. We will discuss these and other proteins as they relate to cellular heme composition, homeostasis, and trafficking. In addition, we will discuss the HRM-containing family of proteins and how the stability and activity of these proteins are regulated in a dependent manner through the HRMs. Then, after reviewing CO-mediated protein regulation of heme proteins, we turn our attention to the involvement of heme, HRMs, and CO in circadian rhythms. In sum, we stress the importance of understanding the various roles of heme and the distribution of the different heme pools as they relate to the heme redox state, CO, and heme binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S. Fleischhacker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anindita Sarkar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen W. Ragsdale
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Panagiotakis S, Mavroidi B, Athanasopoulos A, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Pelecanou M, Mavridis IM, Yannakopoulou K. Unsymmetrical, monocarboxyalkyl meso-arylporphyrins in the photokilling of breast cancer cells using permethyl-β-cyclodextrin as sequestrant and cell uptake modulator. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118666. [PMID: 34742406 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the search for photosensitizers with chemical handles to facilitate their integration into complex drug delivery nanosystems, new, unsymmetrically substituted, water insoluble meso-tetraphenylporphyrin and meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin derivatives bearing one carboxyalkyl side chain were synthesized. Permethyl-β-cyclodextrin (pMβCD) was their ideal monomerizing host and highly efficient shuttle to transfer them into water. New assembly modes of the extremely stable (Kbinding > 1012 M-2) 2:1 complexes were identified. The complexes are photostable and do not disassemble in FBS-containing cell culture media for 24 h. Incubation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells with the complexes results in intense intracellular fluorescence, strongly enhanced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), high photokilling efficiency (~90%) and low dark toxicity. pMβCD stands out as a very capable molecular isolator of mono-carboxyalkyl-arylporphyrins that increases uptake and modulates their localization in the cells. The most efficient porphyrins are envisaged as suitable photosensitizers that can be linked to biocompatible drug carriers for photo- and chemo-therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Panagiotakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Alexandros Athanasopoulos
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Irene M Mavridis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
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16
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Multi-Modal Regulation of Circadian Physiology by Interactive Features of Biological Clocks. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010021. [PMID: 35053019 PMCID: PMC8772734 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a fundamental biological timing mechanism that generates nearly 24 h rhythms of physiology and behaviors, including sleep/wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism. Evolutionarily, the endogenous clock is thought to confer living organisms, including humans, with survival benefits by adapting internal rhythms to the day and night cycles of the local environment. Mirroring the evolutionary fitness bestowed by the circadian clock, daily mismatches between the internal body clock and environmental cycles, such as irregular work (e.g., night shift work) and life schedules (e.g., jet lag, mistimed eating), have been recognized to increase the risk of cardiac, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Moreover, increasing numbers of studies with cellular and animal models have detected the presence of functional circadian oscillators at multiple levels, ranging from individual neurons and fibroblasts to brain and peripheral organs. These oscillators are tightly coupled to timely modulate cellular and bodily responses to physiological and metabolic cues. In this review, we will discuss the roles of central and peripheral clocks in physiology and diseases, highlighting the dynamic regulatory interactions between circadian timing systems and multiple metabolic factors.
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17
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Kitagishi H, Mao Q. Capture of carbon monoxide using a heme protein model: from biomimetic chemistry of heme proteins to physiological and therapeutic applications. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Gallio A, Fung SSP, Cammack-Najera A, Hudson AJ, Raven EL. Understanding the Logistics for the Distribution of Heme in Cells. JACS AU 2021; 1:1541-1555. [PMID: 34723258 PMCID: PMC8549057 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heme is essential for the survival of virtually all living systems-from bacteria, fungi, and yeast, through plants to animals. No eukaryote has been identified that can survive without heme. There are thousands of different proteins that require heme in order to function properly, and these are responsible for processes such as oxygen transport, electron transfer, oxidative stress response, respiration, and catalysis. Further to this, in the past few years, heme has been shown to have an important regulatory role in cells, in processes such as transcription, regulation of the circadian clock, and the gating of ion channels. To act in a regulatory capacity, heme needs to move from its place of synthesis (in mitochondria) to other locations in cells. But while there is detailed information on how the heme lifecycle begins (heme synthesis), and how it ends (heme degradation), what happens in between is largely a mystery. Here we summarize recent information on the quantification of heme in cells, and we present a discussion of a mechanistic framework that could meet the logistical challenge of heme distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea
E. Gallio
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Simon S.-P. Fung
- Department
of Chemistry and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Ana Cammack-Najera
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Hudson
- Department
of Chemistry and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Emma L. Raven
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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19
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Gonzaga de França Lopes L, Gouveia Júnior FS, Karine Medeiros Holanda A, Maria Moreira de Carvalho I, Longhinotti E, Paulo TF, Abreu DS, Bernhardt PV, Gilles-Gonzalez MA, Cirino Nogueira Diógenes I, Henrique Silva Sousa E. Bioinorganic systems responsive to the diatomic gases O2, NO, and CO: From biological sensors to therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Abstract
This review summarizes the available data about genetic factors which can link ischemic stroke and sleep. Sleep patterns (subjective and objective measures) are characterized by heritability and comprise up to 38-46%. According to Mendelian randomization analysis, genetic liability for short sleep duration and frequent insomnia symptoms is associated with ischemic stroke (predominantly of large artery subtype). The potential genetic links include variants of circadian genes, genes encoding components of neurotransmitter systems, common cardiovascular risk factors, as well as specific genetic factors related to certain sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Korostovtseva
- Sleep Laboratory, Research Department for Hypertension, Department for Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Str., Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia.
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21
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Mao Q, Kawaguchi AT, Mizobata S, Motterlini R, Foresti R, Kitagishi H. Sensitive quantification of carbon monoxide in vivo reveals a protective role of circulating hemoglobin in CO intoxication. Commun Biol 2021; 4:425. [PMID: 33782534 PMCID: PMC8007703 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous molecule known as the silent killer. It is widely believed that an increase in blood carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) is the best biomarker to define CO intoxication, while the fact that CO accumulation in tissues is the most likely direct cause of mortality is less investigated. There is no reliable method other than gas chromatography to accurately determine CO content in tissues. Here we report the properties and usage of hemoCD1, a synthetic supramolecular compound composed of an iron(II)porphyrin and a cyclodextrin dimer, as an accessible reagent for a simple colorimetric assay to quantify CO in biological samples. The assay was validated in various organ tissues collected from rats under normal conditions and after exposure to CO. The kinetic profile of CO in blood and tissues after CO treatment suggested that CO accumulation in tissues is prevented by circulating Hb, revealing a protective role of Hb in CO intoxication. Furthermore, hemoCD1 was used in vivo as a CO removal agent, showing that it acts as an effective adjuvant to O2 ventilation to eliminate residual CO accumulated in organs, including the brain. These findings open new therapeutic perspectives to counteract the toxicity associated with CO poisoning. Mao et al. report highly sensitive quantification of carbon monoxide with a simple colorimetric assay, exploiting a synthetic supramolecular compound, hemoCD1. It can reveal distribution of CO in organs including the brain and can also serve as a CO scavenger for residual CO accumulated in organs. Finally, the authors showed circulating hemoglobin plays a protective role in CO intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Mao
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira T Kawaguchi
- Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shun Mizobata
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Roberta Foresti
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
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22
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Siracusa R, Schaufler A, Calabrese V, Fuller PM, Otterbein LE. Carbon Monoxide: from Poison to Clinical Trials. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:329-339. [PMID: 33781582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Every cell has a highly sophisticated system for regulating heme levels, which is particularly important with regard to turnover. Heme degradation generates CO and while CO has long been viewed as a metabolic waste product, and at higher concentrations cellularly lethal, we now know that CO is an indispensable gasotransmitter that participates in fundamental physiological processes necessary for survival. Irrefutable preclinical data have resulted in concerted efforts to develop CO as a safe and effective therapeutic agent, but against this notion lies dogma that CO is a poison, especially to the brain. The emergence of this debate is discussed here highlighting the neuroprotective properties of CO through its role on the central circadian clock and ongoing strategies being developed for CO administration for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, 98166
| | - Alexa Schaufler
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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23
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Kitagishi H, Kano K. Synthetic heme protein models that function in aqueous solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:148-173. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular porphyrin–cyclodextrin complexes act as biomimetic heme protein models in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyoto 610-0321
- Japan
| | - Koji Kano
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyoto 610-0321
- Japan
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24
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Begemann K, Neumann A, Oster H. Regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in the brain. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13446. [PMID: 31965726 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms evolved endogenous, so called circadian clocks as internal timekeeping mechanisms allowing them to adapt to recurring changes in environmental demands brought about by 24-hour rhythms such as the light-dark cycle, temperature variations or changes in humidity. The mammalian circadian clock system is based on cellular oscillators found in all tissues of the body that are organized in a hierarchical fashion. A master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes peripheral tissue clocks and extra-SCN oscillators in the brain with each other and with external time. Different time cues (so called Zeitgebers) such as light, food intake, activity and hormonal signals reset the clock system through the SCN or by direct action at the tissue clock level. While most studies on non-SCN clocks so far have focused on peripheral tissues, several extra-SCN central oscillators were characterized in terms of circadian rhythm regulation and output. Some of them are directly innervated by the SCN pacemaker, while others receive indirect input from the SCN via other neural circuits or extra-brain structures. The specific physiological function of these non-SCN brain oscillators as well as their role in the regulation of the circadian clock network remains understudied. In this review we summarize our current knowledge about the regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in different brain regions and devise experimental approaches enabling us to unravel the organization of the circadian clock network in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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25
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Prigorchenko E, Ustrnul L, Borovkov V, Aav R. Heterocomponent ternary supramolecular complexes of porphyrins: A review. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461930026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are prominent host molecules which are widely used due to their structural characteristics and directional interaction sites. This review summarizes non-covalently bound ternary complexes of porphyrins, constructed from at least three non-identical species. Progress in supramolecular chemistry allows the creation of complex molecular machinery tools, such as rotors, motors and switches from relatively simple structures in a single self-assembly step. In the current review, we highlight the collection of sophisticated molecular ensembles including sandwich-type complexes, cages, capsules, tweezers, rotaxanes, and supramolecular architectures mediating oxygen-binding and oxidation reactions. These diverse structures have high potential to be applied in sensing, production of new smart materials as well as in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prigorchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Minzu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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26
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Mavridis IM, Yannakopoulou K. Porphyrinoid-Cyclodextrin Assemblies in Biomedical Research: An Update. J Med Chem 2019; 63:3391-3424. [PMID: 31808344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrinoids, well-known cofactors in fundamental processes of life, have stimulated interest as synthetic models of natural systems and integral components of photodynamic therapy, but their utilization is compromised by self-aggregation in aqueous media. The capacity of cyclodextrins to include hydrophobic molecules in their cavity provides porphyrinoids with a protective environment against oxidation and the ability to disperse efficiently in biological fluids. Moreover, engineered cyclodextrin-porphyrinoid assemblies enhance the photodynamic abilities of porphyrinoids, can carry chemotherapeutics for synergistic modalities, and can be enriched with functions including cell recognition, tissue penetration, and imaging. This Perspective includes synthetic porphyrinoid-cyclodextrin models of proteins participating in fundamental processes, such as enzymatic catalysis, respiration, and electron transfer. In addition, since porphyrinoid-cyclodextrin systems comprise third generation photosensitizers, recent developments for their utilization in photomedicine, that is, multimodal therapy for cancer (e.g., PDT, PTT) and antimicrobial treatment, and eventually in biocompatible therapeutic or diagnostic platforms for next-generation nanomedicine and theranostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Mavridis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou & 27 Neapoleos Str., Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou & 27 Neapoleos Str., Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
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27
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Freeman SL, Kwon H, Portolano N, Parkin G, Venkatraman Girija U, Basran J, Fielding AJ, Fairall L, Svistunenko DA, Moody PCE, Schwabe JWR, Kyriacou CP, Raven EL. Heme binding to human CLOCK affects interactions with the E-box. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19911-19916. [PMID: 31527239 PMCID: PMC6778266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905216116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous time-keeping system that is ubiquitous in animals and plants as well as some bacteria. In mammals, the clock regulates the sleep-wake cycle via 2 basic helix-loop-helix PER-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) domain proteins-CLOCK and BMAL1. There is emerging evidence to suggest that heme affects circadian control, through binding of heme to various circadian proteins, but the mechanisms of regulation are largely unknown. In this work we examine the interaction of heme with human CLOCK (hCLOCK). We present a crystal structure for the PAS-A domain of hCLOCK, and we examine heme binding to the PAS-A and PAS-B domains. UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies are consistent with a bis-histidine ligated heme species in solution in the oxidized (ferric) PAS-A protein, and by mutagenesis we identify His144 as a ligand to the heme. There is evidence for flexibility in the heme pocket, which may give rise to an additional Cys axial ligand at 20K (His/Cys coordination). Using DNA binding assays, we demonstrate that heme disrupts binding of CLOCK to its E-box DNA target. Evidence is presented for a conformationally mobile protein framework, which is linked to changes in heme ligation and which has the capacity to affect binding to the E-box. Within the hCLOCK structural framework, this would provide a mechanism for heme-dependent transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Freeman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Kwon
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Portolano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Umakhanth Venkatraman Girija
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Fielding
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Fairall
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri A Svistunenko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C E Moody
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - John W R Schwabe
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos P Kyriacou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, United Kingdom;
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Kitagishi H, Saito M, Mao Q, Kiriyama A, Negi S, Kano K. Supramolecular Complexation in Biological Media: NMR Study on Inclusion of an Anionic Tetraarylporphyrin into a Per‐O‐Methylated β‐Cyclodextrin Cavity in Serum, Blood, and Urine. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3320-3328. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and BiochemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringDoshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
| | - Mai Saito
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and BiochemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringDoshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
| | - Qiyue Mao
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and BiochemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringDoshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical ScienceDoshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0395 Japan
| | - Shigeru Negi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical ScienceDoshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0395 Japan
| | - Koji Kano
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and BiochemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringDoshisha University 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
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Khan NA, Yogeswaran S, Wang Q, Muthumalage T, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Waterpipe smoke and e-cigarette vapor differentially affect circadian molecular clock gene expression in mouse lungs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211645. [PMID: 30811401 PMCID: PMC6392409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of emerging tobacco products, such as waterpipe or hookah and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), has gained significant popularity and are promoted as safer alternatives to conventional cigarettes. Circadian systems are internal biological oscillations that are considered important regulators of immune functions in mammals. Tobacco induced inflammatory lung diseases frequently exhibit time-of-day/night variation in lung function and symptom severity. We investigated the impact of inhaled e-cig vapor and waterpipe smoke (WPS) on pulmonary circadian molecular clock disruption by determining the changes in expression levels and abundance of core clock component genes (BMAL1, CLOCK) and clock-controlled output genes (Rev-erbα, Per2, Rev-erbβ, Cry2, Rorα) in mouse lungs. We showed that the expression levels of these pulmonary core clock genes and clock-controlled output genes were altered significantly following exposure to WPS (Bmal1, Clock, and Rev-erbα). We further showed a significant yet differential effect on expression levels of core clock and clock-controlled genes (Bmal1, Per2) in the lungs of mice exposed to e-cig vapor containing nicotine. Thus, acute exposure to WPS and e-cig vapor containing nicotine contributes to altered expression of circadian molecular clock genes in mouse lungs, which may have repercussions on lung cellular and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shaiesh Yogeswaran
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Isaac K. Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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Shimizu T, Lengalova A, Martínek V, Martínková M. Heme: emergent roles of heme in signal transduction, functional regulation and as catalytic centres. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5624-5657. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of unprecedented functions of exchangeable/labile heme and heme proteins including transcription, DNA binding, protein kinase activity, K+ channel functions, cis–trans isomerization, N–N bond formation, and other functions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Lengalova
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Martínková
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
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