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Ye C, Liu X, Liu Z, Pan C, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Sun H. Fusobacterium nucleatum in tumors: from tumorigenesis to tumor metastasis and tumor resistance. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2306676. [PMID: 38289287 PMCID: PMC10829845 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2306676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium primarily residing in the oral cavity, has garnered significant attention for its emerging role in cancer progression and prognosis. While extensive research has revealed mechanistic links between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer, a comprehensive review spanning its presence and metastatic implications in cancers beyond colorectal origin is conspicuously absent. This paper broadens our perspective from colorectal cancer to various malignancies associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum, including oral, pancreatic, esophageal, breast, and gastric cancers. Our central focus is to unravel the mechanisms governing Fusobacterium nucleatum colonization, initiation, and promotion of metastasis across diverse cancer types. Additionally, we explore Fusobacterium nucleatum's adverse impacts on cancer therapies, particularly within the domains of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, this paper underscores the clinical research significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target, offering a novel outlook on its applicability in cancer detection and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxuan Pan
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanyi Zhao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central People’s Hospital of Ji’an, Shanghai East Hospital of Ji’an, Ji’an, China
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2
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Khuu MP, Paeslack N, Dremova O, Benakis C, Kiouptsi K, Reinhardt C. The gut microbiota in thrombosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01070-6. [PMID: 39289543 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental risk factor that affects thrombotic phenotypes in several cardiovascular diseases. Evidence includes the identification of marker species by sequencing studies of the gut microbiomes of patients with thrombotic disease, the influence of antithrombotic therapies on gut microbial diversity, and preclinical studies in mouse models of thrombosis that have demonstrated the functional effects of the gut microbiota on vascular inflammatory phenotypes and thrombus formation. In addition to impaired gut barrier function promoting low-grade inflammation, gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to act on vascular cell types and promote thrombus formation. Therefore, these meta-organismal pathways that link the metabolic capacities of gut microorganisms with host immune functions have emerged as potential diagnostic markers and novel drug targets. In this Review, we discuss the link between the gut microbiota, its metabolites and thromboembolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Phung Khuu
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Paeslack
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olga Dremova
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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3
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Millet N, Sekar J, Solis NV, Millet A, Aggor FEY, Wildeman A, Lionakis MS, Gaffen SL, Jendzjowsky N, Filler SG, Swidergall M. Non-canonical IL-22 receptor signaling remodels the mucosal barrier during fungal immunosurveillance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.08.611873. [PMID: 39314368 PMCID: PMC11419061 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.08.611873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal barrier integrity is vital for homeostasis with commensal organisms while preventing pathogen invasion. We unexpectedly found that fungal-induced immunosurveillance enhances resistance to fungal outgrowth and tissue invasion by remodeling the oral mucosal epithelial barrier in mouse models of adult and neonatal Candida albicans colonization. Epithelial subset expansion and tissue remodeling were dependent on interleukin-22 (IL-22) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, through a non-canonical receptor complex composed of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) coupled with IL-22RA1 and IL-10RB. Immunosurveillance-induced epithelial remodeling was restricted to the oral mucosa, whereas barrier architecture was reset once fungal-specific immunity developed. Collectively, these findings identify fungal-induced transient mucosal remodeling as a critical determinant of resistance to mucosal fungal infection during early stages of microbial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Millet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Norma V Solis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Millet
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Physiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Felix E Y Aggor
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Asia Wildeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Jendzjowsky
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Physiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott G Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Swidergall
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Anbazhagan AN, Ge Y, Priyamvada S, Kumar A, Jayawardena D, Palani ARV, Husain N, Kulkarni N, Kapoor S, Kaur P, Majumder A, Lin YD, Maletta L, Gill RK, Alrefai WA, Saksena S, Zadeh K, Hong S, Mohamadzadeh M, Dudeja PK. A Direct Link Implicating Loss of SLC26A6 to Gut Microbial Dysbiosis, Compromised Barrier Integrity, and Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:704-717.e3. [PMID: 38735402 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Putative anion transporter-1 (PAT1, SLC26A6) plays a key role in intestinal oxalate and bicarbonate secretion. PAT1 knockout (PKO) mice exhibit hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis. Notably, diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease are also associated with higher risk of hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis. However, the potential role of PAT1 deficiency in gut-barrier integrity and susceptibility to colitis is currently elusive. METHODS Age-matched PKO and wild-type littermates were administered 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water for 6 days. Ileum and colon of control and treated mice were harvested. Messenger RNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Severity of inflammation was assessed by measuring diarrheal phenotype, cytokine expression, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Gut microbiome and associated metabolome were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS PKO mice exhibited significantly higher loss of body weight, gut permeability, colonic inflammation, and diarrhea in response to dextran sulfate sodium treatment. In addition, PKO mice showed microbial dysbiosis and significantly reduced levels of butyrate and butyrate-producing microbes compared with controls. Co-housing wild-type and PKO mice for 4 weeks resulted in PKO-like signatures on the expression of tight junction proteins in the colons of wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that loss of PAT1 disrupts gut microbiome and related metabolites, decreases gut-barrier integrity, and increases host susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. These findings, thus, highlight a novel role of the oxalate transporter PAT1 in promoting gut-barrier integrity, and its deficiency appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivarasu N Anbazhagan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shubha Priyamvada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dulari Jayawardena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arvind Raj Vishnu Palani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nazim Husain
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neelkanth Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shaunik Kapoor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Prabhdeep Kaur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Apurba Majumder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yang-Ding Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Leeany Maletta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravinder K Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Waddah A Alrefai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kimia Zadeh
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sungmo Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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5
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Wang J, Zhou T. Unveiling gut microbiota's role: Bidirectional regulation of drug transport for improved safety. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39180410 DOI: 10.1002/med.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Drug safety is a paramount concern in the field of drug development, with researchers increasingly focusing on the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota in this context. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining drug safety. It can influence drug transport processes in the body through various mechanisms, thereby modulating their efficacy and toxicity. The main mechanisms include: (1) The gut microbiota directly interacts with drugs, altering their chemical structure to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy, thereby impacting drug transport mechanisms, drugs can also change the structure and abundance of gut bacteria; (2) bidirectional regulation of intestinal barrier permeability by gut microbiota, promoting the absorption of nontoxic drugs and inhibiting the absorption of toxic components; (3) bidirectional regulation of the expression and activity of transport proteins by gut microbiota, selectively promoting the absorption of effective components or inhibiting the absorption of toxic components. This bidirectional regulatory role enables the gut microbiota to play a key role in maintaining drug balance in the body and reducing adverse reactions. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms sheds light on novel approaches to minimize toxic side effects, enhance drug efficacy, and ultimately improve drug safety. This review systematically examines the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota in drug transportation from the aforementioned aspects, emphasizing their significance in ensuring drug safety. Furthermore, it offers a prospective outlook from the standpoint of enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing drug toxicity, underscoring the importance of further exploration in this research domain. It aims to provide more effective strategies for drug development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Lin K, Peng F, He K, Qian Z, Mei X, Su Z, Wujimaiti Y, Xia X, Zhang T. Research progress on intestinal microbiota regulating cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3711-3721. [PMID: 38632176 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota community is a fundamental component of the human body and plays a significant regulatory role in maintaining overall health and in the management disease states.The intestinal microbiota-gut-brain axis represents a vital connection in the cognitive regulation of the central nervous system by the intestinal microbiota.The impact of intestinal microbiota on cognitive function is hypothesized to manifest through both the nervous system and circulatory system. Imbalances in intestinal microbiota during the perioperative period could potentially contribute to perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction. This article concentrates on a review of existing literature to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota on brain and cognitive functions via the nervous and circulatory systems.Additionally, it summarizes recent findings on the impact of perioperative intestinal dysbacteriosis on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction and suggests novel approaches for prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunyang He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyu Qian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Mei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhikun Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xun Xia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Wahl A, Yao W, Liao B, Chateau M, Richardson C, Ling L, Franks A, Senthil K, Doyon G, Li F, Frost J, Whitehurst CB, Pagano JS, Fletcher CA, Azcarate-Peril MA, Hudgens MG, Rogala AR, Tucker JD, McGowan I, Sartor RB, Garcia JV. A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:905-915. [PMID: 37563299 PMCID: PMC11073568 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Germ-free (GF) mice, which are depleted of their resident microbiota, are the gold standard for exploring the role of the microbiome in health and disease; however, they are of limited value in the study of human-specific pathogens because they do not support their replication. Here, we develop GF mice systemically reconstituted with human immune cells and use them to evaluate the role of the resident microbiome in the acquisition, replication and pathogenesis of two human-specific pathogens, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Comparison with conventional (CV) humanized mice showed that resident microbiota enhance the establishment of EBV infection and EBV-induced tumorigenesis and increase mucosal HIV acquisition and replication. HIV RNA levels were higher in plasma and tissues of CV humanized mice compared with GF humanized mice. The frequency of CCR5+ CD4+ T cells throughout the intestine was also higher in CV humanized mice, indicating that resident microbiota govern levels of HIV target cells. Thus, resident microbiota promote the acquisition and pathogenesis of two clinically relevant human-specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wahl
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Wenbo Yao
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Baolin Liao
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Morgan Chateau
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cara Richardson
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lijun Ling
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adrienne Franks
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krithika Senthil
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve Doyon
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fengling Li
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Josh Frost
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Whitehurst
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Joseph S Pagano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig A Fletcher
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Microbiome Core, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison R Rogala
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian McGowan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Orion Biotechnology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Victor Garcia
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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8
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Ocius KL, Kolli SH, Ahmad SS, Dressler JM, Chordia MD, Jutras BL, Rutkowski MR, Pires MM. Noninvasive Analysis of Peptidoglycan from Living Animals. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:489-498. [PMID: 38591251 PMCID: PMC11036361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The role of the intestinal microbiota in host health is increasingly revealed in its contributions to disease states. The host-microbiome interaction is multifactorial and dynamic. One of the factors that has recently been strongly associated with host physiological responses is peptidoglycan from bacterial cell walls. Peptidoglycan from gut commensal bacteria activates peptidoglycan sensors in human cells, including the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2. When present in the gastrointestinal tract, both the polymeric form (sacculi) and depolymerized fragments can modulate host physiology, including checkpoint anticancer therapy efficacy, body temperature and appetite, and postnatal growth. To utilize this growing area of biology toward therapeutic prescriptions, it will be critical to directly analyze a key feature of the host-microbiome interaction from living hosts in a reproducible and noninvasive way. Here we show that metabolically labeled peptidoglycan/sacculi can be readily isolated from fecal samples collected from both mice and humans. Analysis of fecal samples provided a noninvasive route to probe the gut commensal community including the metabolic synchronicity with the host circadian clock. Together, these results pave the way for noninvasive diagnostic tools to interrogate the causal nature of peptidoglycan in host health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl L. Ocius
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sree H. Kolli
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Saadman S. Ahmad
- Department
of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Fralin
Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jules M. Dressler
- Department
of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Fralin
Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mahendra D. Chordia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Brandon L. Jutras
- Department
of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Fralin
Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center
for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Melanie R. Rutkowski
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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9
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Roubalová R, Procházková P, Kovářová T, Ježková J, Hrnčíř T, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Papežová H. Influence of the gut microbiome on appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamus: Insight from conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mouse models of anorexia nervosa. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106460. [PMID: 38432539 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the profound impact of the gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, shedding light on its potential role in shaping human behavior. In this study, we investigate the role of the gut microbiome in appetite regulation using activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model of anorexia nervosa (AN) - a severe eating disorder with significant health consequences. ABA was induced in conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mice. Our results show the clear influence of the gut microbiome on the expression of four orexigenic (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin) and four anorexigenic peptides (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and pro-opiomelanocortin) in the hypothalamus. Additionally, we assessed alterations in gut barrier permeability. While variations were noted in germ-free mice based on feeding and activity, they were not directly attributable to the gut microbiome. This research emphasizes that the gut microbiome is a pivotal factor in AN's appetite regulation beyond just dietary habits or physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kovářová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janet Ježková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hrnčíř
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Aburto MR, Cryan JF. Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:222-247. [PMID: 38355758 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health and disease, and the gut microbiota is a key player in communication between these two distant organs. Yet, the mechanisms through which the microbiota influences development and function of the gut-brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present in the gut and brain are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis of different compartments across this axis. These barriers include the gut epithelial barrier, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Barriers are ideally positioned to receive and communicate gut microbial signals constituting a gateway for gut-microbiota-brain communication. In this Review, we focus on how modulation of these barriers by the gut microbiota can constitute an important channel of communication across the gut-brain axis. Moreover, barrier malfunction upon alterations in gut microbial composition could form the basis of various conditions, including often comorbid neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we should focus on unravelling the molecular and cellular basis of this communication and move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding of gut microbiota modulation of barriers, especially during critical windows of development, could be key to understanding the aetiology of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Ra YE, Bang YJ. Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health. J Microbiol 2024; 62:167-179. [PMID: 38630349 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
The human gut houses a diverse and dynamic microbiome critical for digestion, metabolism, and immune development, exerting profound effects on human health. However, these microorganisms pose a potential threat by breaching the gut barrier, entering host tissues, and triggering infections, uncontrolled inflammation, and even sepsis. The intestinal epithelial cells form the primary defense, acting as a frontline barrier against microbial invasion. Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), produced by these cells, serve as innate immune effectors that regulate the gut microbiome by directly killing or inhibiting microbes. Abnormal AMP production, whether insufficient or excessive, can disturb the microbiome equilibrium, contributing to various intestinal diseases. This review delves into the complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota and sheds light on the role of AMPs in governing host-microbiota interactions. We discuss the function and mechanisms of action of AMPs, their regulation by the gut microbiota, microbial evasion strategies, and the consequences of AMP dysregulation in disease. Understanding these complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota is crucial for developing strategies to enhance immune responses and combat infections within the gut microbiota. Ongoing research continues to uncover novel aspects of this intricate relationship, deepening our understanding of the factors shaping gut health. This knowledge has the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions, offering enhanced treatments for a wide range of gut-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Ra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Bang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Halvorson CS, Sánchez-Lafuente CL, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Molecular Mechanisms of Reelin in the Enteric Nervous System and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Depression and Antidepressant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:814. [PMID: 38255890 PMCID: PMC10815176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Current pharmacological treatments for depression fail to produce adequate remission in a significant proportion of patients. Increasingly, other systems, such as the microbiome-gut-brain axis, are being looked at as putative novel avenues for depression treatment. Dysbiosis and dysregulation along this axis are highly comorbid with the severity of depression symptoms. The endogenous extracellular matrix protein reelin is present in all intestinal layers as well as in myenteric and submucosal ganglia, and its receptors are also present in the gut. Reelin secretion from subepithelial myofibroblasts regulates cellular migration along the crypt-villus axis in the small intestine and colon. Reelin brain expression is downregulated in mood and psychotic disorders, and reelin injections have fast antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression. This review seeks to discuss the roles of reelin in the gastrointestinal system and propose a putative role for reelin actions in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression, primarily reflecting on alterations in gut epithelial cell renewal and in the clustering of serotonin transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara S. Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
| | - Carla Liria Sánchez-Lafuente
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
| | - Jenessa N. Johnston
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Lisa E. Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
| | - Hector J. Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
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13
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Wheeler R, Gomperts Boneca I. The hidden base of the iceberg: gut peptidoglycome dynamics is foundational to its influence on the host. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2395099. [PMID: 39239828 PMCID: PMC11382707 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2395099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota of humans includes a highly diverse range of bacterial species. All these bacteria possess a cell wall, composed primarily of the macromolecule peptidoglycan. As such, the gut also harbors an abundant and varied peptidoglycome. A remarkable range of host physiological pathways are regulated by peptidoglycan fragments that originate from the gut microbiota and enter the host system. Interactions between the host system and peptidoglycan can influence physiological development and homeostasis, promote health, or contribute to inflammatory disease. Underlying these effects is the interplay between microbiota composition and enzymatic processes that shape the intestinal peptidoglycome, dictating the types of peptidoglycan generated, that subsequently cross the gut barrier. In this review, we highlight and discuss the hidden and emerging functional aspects of the microbiome, i.e. the hidden base of the iceberg, that modulate the composition of gut peptidoglycan, and how these fundamental processes are drivers of physiological outcomes for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wheeler
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Hauts-de-Seine, Arthritis Research and Development, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
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14
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Hu X, He Z, Zhao C, He Y, Qiu M, Xiang K, Zhang N, Fu Y. Gut/rumen-mammary gland axis in mastitis: Gut/rumen microbiota-mediated "gastroenterogenic mastitis". J Adv Res 2024; 55:159-171. [PMID: 36822391 PMCID: PMC10770137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is an inflammatory response in the mammary gland that results in huge economic losses in the breeding industry. The aetiology of mastitis is complex, and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. It is commonly believed that mastitis is induced by pathogen infection of the mammary gland and induces a local inflammatory response. However, in the clinic, mastitis is often comorbid or secondary to gastric disease, and local control effects targeting the mammary gland are limited. In addition, recent studies have found that the gut/rumen microbiota contributes to the development of mastitis and proposed the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis. Combined with studies indicating that gut/rumen microbiota disturbance can damage the gut mucosa barrier, gut/rumen bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to distal extraintestinal organs. It is believed that the occurrence of mastitis is related not only to the infection of the mammary gland by external pathogenic microorganisms but also to a gastroenterogennic pathogenic pathway. AIM OF REVIEW We propose the pathological concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" and believe that the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway is the pathological mechanism of "gastroenterogennic mastitis". KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW To clarify the concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" by summarizing reports on the effect of the gut/rumen microbiota on mastitis and the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway to provide a research basis and direction for further understanding and solving the pathogenesis and difficulties encountered in the prevention of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Kaihe Xiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
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15
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Zhuang M, Zhang X, Cai J. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: interplay between microbiota, barrier function and lymphatic system. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2387800. [PMID: 39182226 PMCID: PMC11346530 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract, boasting the most diverse microbial community, harbors approximately 100 trillion microorganisms comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The profound genetic and metabolic capabilities of the gut microbiome underlie its involvement in nearly every facet of human biology, from health maintenance and development to aging and disease. Recent recognition of microbiota - gut - brain axis, referring to the bidirectional communication network between gut microbes and their host, has led to a surge in interdisciplinary research. This review begins with an overview of the current understandings regarding the influence of gut microbes on intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota - gut - brain axis, examining the role of gut microbiota-related neural transmission, metabolites, gut hormones and immunity. We propose the concept of microbiota-mediated multi-barrier modulation in the potential treatment in gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Furthermore, the role of lymphatic network in the development and maintenance of barrier function is discussed, providing insights into lesser-known conduits of communication between the microbial ecosystem within the gut and the brain. In the final section, we conclude by describing the ongoing frontiers in understanding of the microbiota - gut - brain axis's impact on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhuang
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IMCAS, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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16
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Rondeau LE, Da Luz BB, Santiago A, Bermudez-Brito M, Hann A, De Palma G, Jury J, Wang X, Verdu EF, Galipeau HJ, Rolland C, Deraison C, Ruf W, Bercik P, Vergnolle N, Caminero A. Proteolytic bacteria expansion during colitis amplifies inflammation through cleavage of the external domain of PAR2. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2387857. [PMID: 39171684 PMCID: PMC11346554 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in proteolytic activity have been linked to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and experimental colitis. Proteases in the intestine play important roles in maintaining homeostasis, but exposure of mucosal tissues to excess proteolytic activity can promote pathology through protease-activated receptors (PARs). Previous research implicates microbial proteases in IBD, but the underlying pathways and specific interactions between microbes and PARs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of microbial proteolytic activation of the external domain of PAR2 in intestinal injury using mice expressing PAR2 with a mutated N-terminal external domain that is resistant to canonical activation by proteolytic cleavage. Our findings demonstrate the key role of proteolytic cleavage of the PAR2 external domain in promoting intestinal permeability and inflammation during colitis. In wild-type mice expressing protease-sensitive PAR2, excessive inflammation leads to the expansion of bacterial taxa that cleave the external domain of PAR2, exacerbating colitis severity. In contrast, mice expressing mutated protease-resistant PAR2 exhibit attenuated colitis severity and do not experience the same proteolytic bacterial expansion. Colonization of wild-type mice with proteolytic PAR2-activating Enterococcus and Staphylococcus worsens colitis severity. Our study identifies a previously unknown interaction between proteolytic bacterial communities, which are shaped by inflammation, and the external domain of PAR2 in colitis. The findings should encourage new therapeutic developments for IBD by targeting excessive PAR2 cleavage by bacterial proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Emile Rondeau
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruna Barbosa Da Luz
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alba Santiago
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Hann
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Giada De Palma
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Francisca Verdu
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Jean Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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17
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Gonzales J, Gulbransen BD. The Microbiota Conducts the Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Orchestra in the Small Intestine. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:503-504. [PMID: 38109941 PMCID: PMC10884552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gonzales
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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18
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González L, Paredes Sosa JL, Mosquito S, Filio Y, Romero PE, Ochoa TJ, Tsukayama P. Oral lactoferrin administration does not impact the diversity or composition of the infant gut microbiota in a Peruvian cohort. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0009623. [PMID: 37882571 PMCID: PMC10715004 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00096-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous studies have suggested that oral lactoferrin enhances diversity in the gut microbiota in infants while inhibiting the growth of opportunistic pathogens. However, the effect of lactoferrin on infant gut microbiota over time has yet to be thoroughly studied. Our study suggests that lactoferrin oral treatment in infants aged 12-18 months does not affect gut microbiome diversity and composition over time. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effect of lactoferrin on infant gut microbiome composition over time and helps elucidate its impact on infant health and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis González
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
| | - Jose Luis Paredes Sosa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Susan Mosquito
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Yesenia Filio
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro E. Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Theresa J. Ochoa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
| | - Pablo Tsukayama
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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19
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Guo P, Tong Y, Yang R, Zhang M, Lin Q, Lin S, Wang C. Effects of hydrolyzed gallotannin on intestinal physical barrier, immune function, and microbiota structure of yellow-feather broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103010. [PMID: 37633080 PMCID: PMC10474494 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the effects of dietary supplementation of hydrolyzed gallotannin (HGT) on intestinal physical barrier, immune function and microbiota structure in yellow-feather broilers. A total of 288 male yellow-feather broilers were randomly allocated to 4 diet treatments: the basal diet (CON) and 3 diets supplemented with 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg HGT for 63 d, respectively, with 6 replicates per treatment and 12 birds per replicate. The findings demonstrated that 300 or 450 mg/kg HGT addition enhanced the expression of duodenal occludin (OCLN) and tight junction protein1 (TJP-1) genes of birds at 21 d of age, and the expression of duodenal and ileal OCLN gene in 63-day-old broilers was upregulated due to 450 mg/kg HGT treatment (P < 0.05). The dietary supplementation of 150 mg/kg HGT strengthened the expression of duodenal IL-6 and IL-4 genes and ileal IL-4 gene of 21-day-old broilers, whereas the expression of jejunal IL1B and IL-6 genes in birds at 63 d of age weakened because of 300 or 450 mg/kg HGT addition (P < 0.05). As for microbial community, the HGT addition altered the cecal microbiota structure of birds at 21 d of age based on analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) test and 450 mg/kg HGT treatment increased the relative abundance of norank Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group at 21 d of age and unclassified Lachnospiraceae at 63 d of age (P < 0.05). In short, diet supplemented with 300 to 450 mg/kg HGT may be the optimal for yellow-feather broilers to enhance intestinal barrier function. Altogether, our study clarified the regulatory role of HGT in broiler intestinal health in earnest, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Hence, more research is needed to carry out until the application of HGT as a new functional additive in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Guo
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuxin Tong
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingjie Lin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shiying Lin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Changkang Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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20
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wu S, Zhao J, Li Y, Kang X, Li Z, Chen J, Shen X, He F, Cheng R. Bifidobacterium infantis and 2'-fucosyllactose supplementation in early life may have potential long-term benefits on gut microbiota, intestinal development, and immune function in mice. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7461-7476. [PMID: 37641283 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of nutritional interventions targeting the gut microbiota in early life are transient, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. This study sought to determine whether supplementation with Bifidobacterium infantis 79 (B79), 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), or both (B79+2'FL) would lead to persistent health benefits in neonatal BALB/c mice. We found that at postnatal day (PND) 21, Ki67 and MUC2 expression increased, while total serum IgE content decreased in the B79, 2'-FL, and B79+2'-FL groups. The gut microbiota structure and composition altered as well. The levels of propionic acid, sIgA, and IL-10 increased in the 2'-FL group. Moreover, butyric acid content increased, while IL-6, IL-12p40, and tumor necrosis factor-α decreased in the B79+2'-FL group. At PND 56, Ki67 and MUC2 expression increased, whereas the gut microbiota remained altered in all 3 groups. The serum total IgG level increased only in the B79+2'-FL group. In conclusion, our study suggests that early-life supplementation with B79, 2'-FL, or their combination persistently alters the gut microbiome and promotes intestinal development; the immunomodulatory capacity of B79 and 2'-FL occurs during weaning, and their combination may persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Simou Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jincheng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Kang
- R&D Center, Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., 011500 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhouyong Li
- R&D Center, Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., 011500 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- R&D Center, Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., 011500 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China; Beijing YuGen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 102600 Beijing, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Kelagere Y, Scholand KK, DeJong EN, Boyd AI, Yu Z, Astley RA, Callegan MC, Bowdish DM, Makarenkova HP, de Paiva CS. TNF is a critical cytokine in age-related dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:119-128. [PMID: 37634571 PMCID: PMC10812879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process that is characterized by low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging. Aging affects multiple organs including eye and lacrimal gland. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in inflammation, activation of proteases such as cathepsin S, and formation of ectopic lymphoid organs. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we investigated the role of TNF in age-related dry eye disease, emphasizing the ocular surface and lacrimal gland inflammation. Our results show the increased protein and mRNA levels of TNF in aged lacrimal glands, accompanied by increased TNF, IL1β, IL-18, CCL5, CXCL1, IL-2, IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25), IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-10 proteins in tears of aged mice. Moreover, genetic loss of the Tnf-/- in mice decreased goblet cell loss and the development of ectopic lymphoid structures in the lacrimal gland compared to wild-type mice. This was accompanied by a decrease in cytokine production. Treatment of mice at an early stage of aging (12-14-month-old) with TNF inhibitor tanfanercept eye drops for eight consecutive weeks decreased cytokine levels in tears, improved goblet cell density, and decreased the marginal zone B cell frequency in the lacrimal gland compared to vehicle-treated animals. Our studies indicate that modulation of TNF during aging could be a novel strategy for age-related dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswini Kelagere
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kaitlin K Scholand
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Erica N DeJong
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrea I Boyd
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Roger A Astley
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Dawn Me Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Xu W, Ishii Y, Rini DM, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Microbial metabolite n-butyrate upregulates intestinal claudin-23 expression through SP1 and AMPK pathways in mouse colon and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Life Sci 2023; 329:121952. [PMID: 37467886 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Regulation of the intestinal barrier is closely related to intestinal microbial metabolism. This study investigated the role of intestinal microflora in the regulation of the tight junction (TJ) barrier in epithelial cells, focusing on the microbial metabolite n-butyrate, a major short-chain fatty acid, using mice and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole transcriptome analysis with RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed in the colon of germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Claudin-23 expression was examined by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence in Caco-2 cells treated with n-butyrate. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine the effect of n-butyrate on claudin-23 transcriptional activity. The siRNA targeting the transcription factor SP1 and pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK were used in combination. TJ permeability was examined in canine kidney MDCKII cells stably expressing human claudin-23. KEY FINDINGS Cldn23 mRNA expression was downregulated in the colon of GF mice (0.6-fold) compared to that in SPF mice. n-Butyrate upregulated claudin-23 mRNA (1.7-fold) and protein (2.1-fold) expression as well as increased the transcriptional activity (15-fold) of CLDN23 in Caco-2 cells. The n-butyrate-mediated increase in claudin-23 expression and transcriptional activity was reduced by inhibition of SP1 and AMPK. Exogenously expressed human claudin-23 in MDCKII cells did not affect TJ permeability to ions and macromolecules. SIGNIFICANCE n-Butyrate regulates intestinal claudin-23 expression through the SP1 and AMPK pathways. This mechanism may be involved in the beneficial effects of n-butyrate-mediated intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Xu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Dina Mustika Rini
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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23
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Ocius KL, Kolli SH, Ahmad SS, Dressler JM, Chordia MD, Jutras BL, Rutkowski MR, Pires MM. Non-invasive Analysis of Peptidoglycan from Living Animals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.549941. [PMID: 37693563 PMCID: PMC10491127 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.549941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of the intestinal microbiota in host health is increasingly revealed in its contributions to disease states. The host-microbiome interaction is multifactorial and dynamic. One of the factors that has recently been strongly associated with host physiological responses is peptidoglycan from bacterial cell walls. Peptidoglycan from gut commensal bacteria activate peptidoglycan sensors in human cells, including the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2). When present in the gastrointestinal tract, both the polymeric form (sacculi) and de-polymerized fragments can modulate host physiology, including checkpoint anticancer therapy efficacy, body temperature and appetite, and postnatal growth. To leverage this growing area of biology towards therapeutic prescriptions, it will be critical to directly analyze a key feature of the host-microbiome interaction from living hosts in a reproducible and non-invasive way. Here we show that metabolically labeled peptidoglycan/sacculi can be readily isolated from fecal samples collected from both mice and humans. Analysis of fecal samples provided a non-invasive route to probe the gut commensal community including the metabolic synchronicity with the host circadian clock. Together, these results pave the way for non-invasive diagnostic tools to interrogate the causal nature of peptidoglycan in host health and disease.
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24
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Rosa LF, Haasis E, Knauss A, Guseva D, Bischoff SC. Serotonin reuptake transporter deficiency promotes liver steatosis and impairs intestinal barrier function in obese mice fed a Western-style diet. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14611. [PMID: 37246491 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunctions have been associated with liver steatosis and metabolic diseases. Besides nutritional factors, like a Western-style diet (WSD), serotonin has been linked with leaky gut. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of intestinal barrier dysfunctions and liver steatosis in mice fed high-fat and high-sugar diets. METHODS 6-8 weeks old male serotonin reuptake transporter knockout mice (SERT-/- ) and wild-type controls (SERT+/+ ) were fed either a WSD or a control diet (CD) ad libitum with or without fructose 30% (F) added to the drinking water for 12 weeks. Markers of liver steatosis and intestinal barrier function were assessed. KEY RESULTS SERT-/- mice showed increased weight gain compared with SERT+/+ mice when fed a WSD ± F for 12 weeks (p < 0.05), whereby SERT-/- mice exhibited reduced energy (-21%) intake. Furthermore, SERT knockout resulted in a more pronounced liver steatosis (p < 0.05), enhanced levels of endotoxin in portal vein plasma (p < 0.05), and increased liver expression of Tnf and Myd88 (p < 0.05), when mice were fed a WSD ± F. Finally, SERT-/- mice, when compared with SERT+/+ mice, had a decreased mRNA expression of Muc2 (p < 0.01), Ocln (p < 0.05), Cldn5 (p = 0.054) and 7 (p < 0.01), Defa5 (p < 0.05) and other antimicrobial peptides in the ileum. On the protein level, ZO-1 (p < 0.01) and DEFA5 protein (p < 0.0001) were decreased. CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES Our data demonstrate that SERT knockout causes weight gain, liver steatosis, and leaky gut, especially in mice fed a WSD. Therefore, SERT induction could be a novel therapeutic approach to improve metabolic diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Filipe Rosa
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Haasis
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annkathrin Knauss
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daria Guseva
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Tomal F, Sadrin G, Gaboriaud P, Guitton E, Sedano L, Lallier N, Rossignol C, Larcher T, Rouille E, Ledevin M, Guabiraba R, Silvestre A, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Schouler C, Laurent F, Bussière FI. The caecal microbiota promotes the acute inflammatory response and the loss of the intestinal barrier integrity during severe Eimeria tenella infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1250080. [PMID: 37680750 PMCID: PMC10482108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1250080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coccidiosis, a disease caused by intestinal apicomplexan parasites Eimeria, is a threat to poultry production. Eimeria tenella is one of the most pathogenic species, frequently causing a high prevalence of opportunistic infections. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of severe Eimeria tenella infection. Methods We have previously shown that microbiota can promote parasite development. To study the effect of the microbiota on the pathogenesis of this infection, we used an experimental condition (inoculum of 10 000 oocysts E. tenella INRAE) in which the parasite load is similar between germ-free and conventional broilers at 7 days post-infection (pi). Thirteen conventional and 24 germ-free chickens were infected. Among this latter group, 12 remained germ-free and 12 received a microbiota from conventional healthy chickens at 4 days pi. Caeca and spleens were collected at 7 days pi. Results Our results demonstrated caecal lesions and epithelium damage in conventional chickens at 7 days pi but not in germ-free infected chickens. Administration of conventional microbiota to germ-free chickens partially restored these deleterious effects. At day 7 pi, both infected conventional and germ-free chickens exhibited increased gene expression of inflammatory mediators, including IL15, IFNγ, TNFα and the anti-inflammatory mediator SOCS1, whereas the inflammatory mediators CXCLi2, CCL20, IL18, CSF1, NOS2, PTGS2, IL1β, IL6, the receptor CCR2, and the anti-inflammatory mediators TGFβ1 and IL10 were upregulated only in infected conventional chickens. Notably, the IL18, PTGS2 gene expression was significantly higher in the infected conventional group. Overall, the inflammatory response enhanced by the microbiota might be in part responsible for higher lesion scores. Epithelial tight junction protein gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of CLDN1 with the infection and microbiota, indicating a potential loss of the intestinal barrier integrity. Conclusion These observations imply that, during E. tenella infection, the caecal microbiota could trigger an acute inflammatory response, resulting in a loss of intestinal integrity. Increase in bacterial translocation can then lead to the likelihood of opportunistic infections. Hence, modulating the microbiota may offer a promising strategy for improving poultry gut health and limiting caecal coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Tomal
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Laura Sedano
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Elodie Rouille
- INRAE, Oniris, PAnTher, APEX, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire IHP VETO, Nantes, France
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26
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Eudy BJ, Odle J, Lin X, Maltecca C, Walter KR, McNulty NP, Fellner V, Jacobi SK. Dietary Prebiotic Oligosaccharides and Arachidonate Alter the Fecal Microbiota and Mucosal Lipid Composition of Suckling Pigs. J Nutr 2023; 153:2249-2262. [PMID: 37348760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intestinal development is important to infant vitality, and optimal formula composition can promote gut health. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters. METHODS Newborn piglets were fed 4 formulas containing ARA [0.5 compared with 2.5% of dietary fatty acids (FAs)] and PRE (0 compared with 8 g/L, containing a 1:1 mixture of galactooligosaccharides and polydextrose) in a 2 x 2 factorial design for 22 d. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed for relative microbial abundance. Intestinal samples were collected on day 22 and analyzed for mucosal FAs, pH, and short-chain FAs (SCFAs). RESULTS PRE supplementation significantly increased genera within Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, including Anaerostipes, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Clostridium IV, and Bulleidia, and resulted in progressive separation from controls as determined by Principal Coordinates Analysis. Concentrations of SCFA increased from 70.98 to 87.37 mM, with an accompanying reduction in colonic pH. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa from 2.35-5.34% of total FAs. PRE supplementation also altered mucosal FA composition, resulting in increased linoleic acid (11.52-16.33% of total FAs) and ARA (2.35-5.16% of total FAs). CONCLUSIONS Prebiotic supplementation during the first 22 d of life altered the gut microbiota of piglets and increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera. These changes correlated with increased SCFA, which may benefit intestinal development. Although dietary ARA did not alter the microbiota, it increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa, which may support intestinal development and epithelial repair. Prebiotic supplementation also increased unsaturation of FAs in the colonic mucosa. Although the mechanism requires further investigation, it may be related to altered microbial ecology or biohydrogenation of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen R Walter
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nathan P McNulty
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vivek Fellner
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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27
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Abstract
Overweight, obesity, undernutrition and their respective sequelae have devastating tolls on personal and public health worldwide. Traditional approaches for treating these conditions with diet, exercise, drugs and/or surgery have shown varying degrees of success, creating an urgent need for new solutions with long-term efficacy. Owing to transformative advances in sequencing, bioinformatics and gnotobiotic experimentation, we now understand that the gut microbiome profoundly impacts energy balance through diverse mechanisms affecting both sides of the energy balance equation. Our growing knowledge of microbial contributions to energy metabolism highlights new opportunities for weight management, including the microbiome-aware improvement of existing tools and novel microbiome-targeted therapies. In this Review, we synthesize current knowledge concerning the bidirectional influences between the gut microbiome and existing weight management strategies, including behaviour-based and clinical approaches, and incorporate a subject-level meta-analysis contrasting the effects of weight management strategies on microbiota composition. We consider how emerging understanding of the gut microbiome alters our prospects for weight management and the challenges that must be overcome for microbiome-focused solutions to achieve success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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28
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Wang T, Zhou N, He J, Hao Z, Zhou C, Du Y, Du Z, Su X, Zhang M. Xylanase improves the intestinal barrier function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with soybean (Glycine max) meal. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:86. [PMID: 37415202 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max) meal is one of the important protein sources for fish, but the non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in soybean meal impair the intestinal barrier function. Here we aimed to investigate whether xylanase can alleviate the adverse effects on the gut barrier induced by soybean meal in Nile tilapia and to explore the possible mechanism. RESULTS Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (4.09 ± 0.02 g) were fed with two diets including SM (soybean meal) and SMC (soybean meal + 3,000 U/kg xylanase) for 8 weeks. We characterized the effects of xylanase on the gut barrier, and the transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism. Dietary xylanase improved intestinal morphology and decreased the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum. The results of transcriptome and Western blotting showed that dietary xylanase up-regulated the expression level of mucin2 (MUC2) which may be related to the inhibition of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (perk)/activating transcription factor 4 (atf4) signaling pathways. Microbiome analysis showed that addition of xylanase in soybean meal altered the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the concentration of butyric acid in the gut. Notably, dietary sodium butyrate was supplemented into the soybean meal diet to feed Nile tilapia, and the data verified that sodium butyrate mirrored the beneficial effects of xylanase. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, supplementation of xylanase in soybean meal altered the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the content of butyric acid which can repress the perk/atf4 signaling pathway and increase the expression of muc2 to enhance the gut barrier function of Nile tilapia. The present study reveals the mechanism by which xylanase improves the intestinal barrier, and it also provides a theoretical basis for the application of xylanase in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junyi He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chentao Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yidi Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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29
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Ortega MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez Ó, Monserrat J, Martinez-Rozas L, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Álvarez-Mon M, Lahera G. Microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2645-2673. [PMID: 36707651 PMCID: PMC10615769 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is a complex picture of genetic and environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota is in the spotlight of new research related to this kind of psychiatric disorder, as it can be consistently related to several pathophysiological events observed in BD. In the context of the so-called microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, it is shown to have a strong influence on host neuromodulation and endocrine functions (i.e., controlling the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as in modulation of host immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic and brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). The present review aims to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms derived from the MGB axis disruption and possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing on gut microbiota in the complex network of BD. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its bidirectional communication with the immune and other systems can shed light on the discovery of new therapies for improving the clinical management of these patients. Besides, the effect of psychiatric drugs on gut microbiota currently used in BD patients, together with new therapeutical approaches targeting this ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and other novelties) will also be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Rozas
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Liu C, Zhou Y, Gao H, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Zhang C, Xu Z, Zheng H, Ma YQ. Circulating LPS from gut microbiota leverages stenosis-induced deep vein thrombosis in mice. Thromb J 2023; 21:71. [PMID: 37386453 PMCID: PMC10308784 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN An accumulating body of evidence has shown that gut microbiota is involved in regulating inflammation; however, it remains undetermined if and how gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating deep venous thrombosis (DVT), which is an inflammation-involved thrombotic event. SUBJECTS Mice under different treatments were used in this study. METHODS AND TREATMENT We induced stenosis DVT in mice by partially ligating the inferior vena cava. Mice were treated with antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, or inflammatory reagents to modulate inflammatory states, and their effects on the levels of circulating LPS and DVT were examined. RESULTS Antibiotic-treated mice or germ-free mice exhibited compromised DVT. Treatment of mice with either prebiotics or probiotics effectively suppressed DVT, which was accompanied with the downregulation of circulating LPS. Restoration of circulating LPS in these mice with a low dose of LPS was able to restore DVT. LPS-induced DVT was blocked by a TLR4 antagonist. By performing proteomic analysis, we identified TSP1 as one of the downstream effectors of circulating LPS in DVT. CONCLUSION These results suggest that gut microbiota may play a nonnegligible role in modulating DVT by leveraging the levels of LPS in circulation, thus shedding light on the development of gut microbiota-based strategies for preventing and treating DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeping Zhang
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, 8727 Watertown Plank Rd, Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Huajun Zheng
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Ma
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, 8727 Watertown Plank Rd, Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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31
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Amin AR, Hairulhisyam NM, Aqilah RNF, Nur Fariha MM, Mallard BL, Shanahan F, Wheatley AM, Marlini M. Impact of Gut Recolonization on Liver Regeneration: Hepatic Matrisome Gene Expression after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10774. [PMID: 37445951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic matrisome is involved in the remodeling phase of liver regeneration. As the gut microbiota has been implicated in liver regeneration, we investigated its role in liver regeneration focusing on gene expression of the hepatic matrisome after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in germ-free (GF) mice, and in GF mice reconstituted with normal gut microbiota (XGF). Liver mass restoration, hepatocyte proliferation, and immune response were assessed following 70% PHx. Hepatic matrisome and collagen gene expression were also analyzed. Reduced liver weight/body weight ratio, mitotic count, and hepatocyte proliferative index at 72 h post PHx in GF mice were preceded by reduced expression of cytokine receptor genes Tnfrsf1a and Il6ra, and Hgf gene at 3 h post PHx. In XGF mice, these indices were significantly higher than in GF mice, and similar to that of control mice, indicating normal liver regeneration. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the matrisome were lower in GF compared to XGF mice at both 3 h and 72 h post PHx. GF mice also demonstrated lower collagen expression, with significantly lower expression of Col1a1, Col1a2, Col5a1, and Col6a2 compared to WT mice at 72 h post PHx. In conclusion, enhanced liver regeneration and matrisome expression in XGF mice suggests that interaction of the gut microbiota and matrisome may play a significant role in the regulation of hepatic remodeling during the regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ngatiman M Hairulhisyam
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Raman Nur Fatin Aqilah
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Manzor Nur Fariha
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Beth L Mallard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Antony M Wheatley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhamad Marlini
- Department of Basic Medical Science 1, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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32
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Zhang B, Li J, Fu J, Shao L, Yang L, Shi J. Interaction between mucus layer and gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Soil and seeds. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1390-1400. [PMID: 37200041 PMCID: PMC10278733 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The intestinal mucus layer is a barrier that separates intestinal contents and epithelial cells, as well as acts as the "mucus layer-soil" for intestinal flora adhesion and colonization. Its structural and functional integrity is crucial to human health. Intestinal mucus is regulated by factors such as diet, living habits, hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and intestinal flora. The mucus layer's thickness, viscosity, porosity, growth rate, and glycosylation status affect the structure of the gut flora colonized on it. The interaction between "mucus layer-soil" and "gut bacteria-seed" is an important factor leading to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and wash microbial transplantation are efficient methods for managing NAFLD, but their long-term efficacy is poor. FMT is focused on achieving the goal of treating diseases by enhancing the "gut bacteria-seed". However, a lack of effective repair and management of the "mucus layer-soil" may be a reason why "seeds" cannot be well colonized and grow in the host gut, as the thinning and destruction of the "mucus layer-soil" is an early symptom of NAFLD. This review summarizes the existing correlation between intestinal mucus and gut microbiota, as well as the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and proposes a new perspective that "mucus layer-soil" restoration combined with "gut bacteria-seed" FMT may be one of the most effective future strategies for enhancing the long-term efficacy of NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jinlong Fu
- Department of School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
- Department of School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Luping Yang
- Department of Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
- Department of Infectious & Hepatology Diseases, Metabolic Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
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Matsuzaki R, Gunnigle E, Geissen V, Clarke G, Nagpal J, Cryan JF. Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01450-9. [PMID: 37328570 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota exist within a dynamic ecosystem shaped by various factors that includes exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides. It is widely regarded that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining host health, including a major influence on the brain and behaviour. Given the widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture practices, it is important to assess the long-term collateral effects these xenobiotic exposures have on gut microbiota composition and function. Indeed, exposure studies using animal models have shown that pesticides can induce negative impacts on the host gut microbiota, physiology and health. In tandem, there is a growing body of literature showing that the effects of pesticide exposure can be extended to the manifestation of behavioural impairments in the host. With the increasing appreciation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, in this review we assess whether pesticide-induced changes in gut microbiota composition profiles and functions could be driving these behavioural alterations. Currently, the diversity of pesticide type, exposure dose and variation in experimental designs hinders direct comparisons of studies presented. Although many insights presented, the mechanistic connection between the gut microbiota and behavioural changes remains insufficiently explored. Future experiments should therefore focus on causal mechanisms to examine the gut microbiota as the mediator of the behavioural impairments observed in the host following pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Matsuzaki
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Violette Geissen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20, Cork, Ireland.
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Pinjari OF, Jones GH, Vecera CM, Smith K, Barrera A, Machado-Vieira R. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Bipolar Disorder and its Common Comorbidities. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023:101078. [PMID: 37220806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with significant psychosocial and medical disease burden. Much difficulty has been encountered in developing novel therapeutics and objective biomarkers for clinical use in this population. In that regard, gut-microbial homeostasis appears to modulate several key pathways relevant to a variety of psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Microbial impact on immune, endocrine, endocannabinoid, kynurenine, and other pathways are discussed throughout this review. Emphasis is placed on this system's relevance to current pharmacology, diet, and comorbid illness in bipolar disorder. Despite the high level of optimism promoted in many reviews on this topic, substantial obstacles exist before any microbiome-related findings can provide meaningful clinical utility. Beyond a comprehensive overview of pathophysiology, this review hopes to highlight several key areas where progress is needed. As well, novel microbiome-associated suggestions are presented for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Pinjari
- Wayne Scott (J-IV) Unit of Correctional Managed Care, University of Texas Medical Branch.
| | - Gregory H Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Courtney M Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Kacy Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Anita Barrera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Wayne Scott (J-IV) Unit of Correctional Managed Care, University of Texas Medical Branch.
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35
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Hu J, Chen J, Xu X, Hou Q, Ren J, Yan X. Gut microbiota-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function via AhR signaling. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:102. [PMID: 37158970 PMCID: PMC10165798 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal epithelial barrier confers protection against the intestinal invasion by pathogens and exposure to food antigens and toxins. Growing studies have linked the gut microbiota to the intestinal epithelial barrier function. The mining of the gut microbes that facilitate the function of intestinal epithelial barrier is urgently needed. RESULTS Here, we studied a landscape of the gut microbiome of seven pig breeds using metagenomics and 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results indicated an obvious difference in the gut microbiome between Congjiang miniature (CM) pigs (a native Chinese breed) and commercial Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire] (DLY) pigs. CM finishing pigs had stronger intestinal epithelial barrier function than the DLY finishing pigs. Fecal microbiota transplantation from CM and DLY finishing pigs to germ-free (GF) mice transferred the intestinal epithelial barrier characteristics. By comparing the gut microbiome of the recipient GF mice, we identified and validated Bacteroides fragilis as a microbial species that contributes to the intestinal epithelial barrier. B. fragilis-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid metabolite had an important function on the enhancement of intestinal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, 3-phenylpropionic acid facilitated the intestinal epithelial barrier by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that manipulation of B. fragilis and 3-phenylpropionic acid is a promising strategy for improving intestinal epithelial barrier. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- BGI Research-Qingdao, BGI, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qiliang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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36
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Lama Tamang R, Juritsch AF, Ahmad R, Salomon JD, Dhawan P, Ramer-Tait AE, Singh AB. The diet-microbiota axis: a key regulator of intestinal permeability in human health and disease. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2077069. [PMID: 35603609 PMCID: PMC10161950 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier orchestrates selective permeability to nutrients and metabolites while excluding noxious stimuli. Recent scientific advances establishing a causal role for the gut microbiota in human health outcomes have generated a resurgent interest toward intestinal permeability. Considering the well-established role of the gut barrier in protection against foreign antigens, there is mounting evidence for a causal link between gut permeability and the microbiome in regulating human health. However, an understanding of the dynamic host-microbiota interactions that govern intestinal barrier functions remains poorly defined. Furthermore, the system-level mechanisms by which microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, simultaneously promote intestinal barrier function and host health remain an area of active investigation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the dynamics of intestinal permeability in human health and its integration with gut microbiota. We further summarize mechanisms by which probiotics/prebiotics influence the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anthony F. Juritsch
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Salomon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Massari MC, Bimonte VM, Falcioni L, Moretti A, Baldari C, Iolascon G, Migliaccio S. Nutritional and physical activity issues in frailty syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231152648. [PMID: 36820002 PMCID: PMC9929193 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
'Frailty' has been described as 'a state of increased vulnerability of the individual caused by an impairment of homeostasis as a result of endogenous or exogenous stress'. Frail individuals are depicted by a dramatic change in health status following an apparently minor insult and a higher risk of adverse health-related outcomes such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia, falls and disability, and fragility fractures. Frailty is a condition of increasing importance due to the global ageing of the population during the last decades. Central to the pathophysiology of frailty is a mechanism that is partially independent of ageing, but most likely evolves with ageing: the cumulative level of molecular and cellular damage in every subject. Furthermore, an uncorrected nutrition and a sedentary behaviour play a pivotal role in worsening the syndrome. In January 2020, a cluster of a genus of the family Coronaviridae was isolated as the pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Since then, this infection has spread worldwide causing one of the most dramatic pandemics of the modern era, with more than 500 million confirmed cases all over the world. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 severity ranges from asymptomatic conditions to mild symptoms, such as fever, cough, ageusia, anosmia and asthenia, up to most severe conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure leading to death. Primary evidence revealed that the elderly frail subjects were more susceptible to the disease in its most intense form and were at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19. Factors contributing to the severity of COVID-19, and the higher mortality rate, are a poor immune system activity and long-standing inflammatory status of the frail subjects compared with the general population. Further recent research also suggested a potential role of sedentary behaviour, metabolic chronic disorders linked to it and uncorrected nutritional status. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate the different studies and evidence related to COVID-19 pandemic, both nutritional status and physical activity, and, also, to provide further information on the correct nutritional approach in this peculiar pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Massari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maria Bimonte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University Foro Italico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Falcioni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
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McArthur S. Regulation of Physiological Barrier Function by the Commensal Microbiota. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020396. [PMID: 36836753 PMCID: PMC9964120 DOI: 10.3390/life13020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental characteristic of living organisms is their ability to separate the internal and external environments, a function achieved in large part through the different physiological barrier systems and their component junctional molecules. Barrier integrity is subject to multiple influences, but one that has received comparatively little attention to date is the role of the commensal microbiota. These microbes, which represent approximately 50% of the cells in the human body, are increasingly recognized as powerful physiological modulators in other systems, but their role in regulating barrier function is only beginning to be addressed. Through comparison of the impact commensal microbes have on cell-cell junctions in three exemplar physiological barriers-the gut epithelium, the epidermis and the blood-brain barrier-this review will emphasize the important contribution microbes and microbe-derived mediators play in governing barrier function. By extension, this will highlight the critical homeostatic role of commensal microbes, as well as identifying the puzzles and opportunities arising from our steadily increasing knowledge of this aspect of physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, 4, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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Microbiota-induced active translocation of peptidoglycan across the intestinal barrier dictates its within-host dissemination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209936120. [PMID: 36669110 PMCID: PMC9942837 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209936120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan, the major structural polymer forming the cell wall of bacteria, is an important mediator of physiological and behavioral effects in mammalian hosts. These effects are frequently linked to its translocation from the intestinal lumen to host tissues. However, the modality and regulation of this translocation across the gut barrier has not been precisely addressed. In this study, we characterized the absorption of peptidoglycan across the intestine and its systemic dissemination. We report that peptidoglycan has a distinct tropism for host organs when absorbed via the gut, most notably by favoring access to the brain. We demonstrate that intestinal translocation of peptidoglycan occurs through a microbiota-induced active process. This process is regulated by the parasympathetic pathway via the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Together, this study reveals fundamental parameters concerning the uptake of a major microbiota molecular signal from the steady-state gut.
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Gudkov SV, Burmistrov DE, Kondakova EV, Sarimov RM, Yarkov RS, Franceschi C, Vedunova MV. An emerging role of astrocytes in aging/neuroinflammation and gut-brain axis with consequences on sleep and sleep disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101775. [PMID: 36334910 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system has changed dramatically over the last decade. The accumulating findings indicate that glial cells are involved not only in the maintenance of metabolic and ionic homeostasis and in the implementation of trophic functions but also in cognitive functions and information processing in the brain. Currently, there are some controversies regarding the role of astrocytes in complex processes such as aging of the nervous system and the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Many findings confirm the important functional role of astrocytes in age-related brain changes, including sleep disturbance and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease. Until recent years, neurobiological research has focused mainly on neuron-glial interactions, in which individual astrocytes locally modulate neuronal activity and communication between neurons. The review considers the role of astrocytes in the physiology of sleep and as an important "player" in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the features of the astrocytic network reorganization during aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy E Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Kondakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Ruslan M Sarimov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman S Yarkov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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Knox EG, Lynch CMK, Lee YS, O'Driscoll CM, Clarke G, Cryan JF, Aburto MR. The gut microbiota is important for the maintenance of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:233-241. [PMID: 36453579 PMCID: PMC10107533 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota communicates with the brain through several pathways including the vagus nerve, immune system, microbial metabolites and through the endocrine system. Pathways along the humoral/immune gut microbiota-brain axis are composed of a series of vascular and epithelial barriers including the intestinal epithelial barrier, gut-vascular barrier, blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Of these barriers, the relationship between the gut microbiota and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is yet to be fully defined. Here, using a germ-free mouse model, we aimed to assess the relationship between the gut microbiota and the integrity of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, which is localized to the choroid plexus epithelium. Using confocal microscopy, we visualized the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1, an integral aspect of choroid plexus integrity, as well as the choroid plexus fenestrated capillaries. Quantification of tight junction proteins via network analysis led to the observation that there was a decrease in the zonula occludens-1 network organization in germ-free mice; however, we did not observe any differences in capillary structure. Taken together, these data indicate that the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is another barrier along the gut microbiota-brain axis. Future studies are required to elucidate its relative contribution in signalling from microbiota to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Knox
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe M K Lynch
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ye Seul Lee
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Pujo J, De Palma G, Lu J, Galipeau HJ, Surette MG, Collins SM, Bercik P. Gut microbiota modulates visceral sensitivity through calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) production. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2188874. [PMID: 36939195 PMCID: PMC10038053 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2188874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal pain is common in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, but its pathophysiology is unclear, in part due to poor understanding of basic mechanisms underlying visceral sensitivity. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of visceral sensitivity. Clinical and basic research studies also show that sex plays a role in pain perception, although the precise pathways are not elucidated. We investigated pain responses in germ-free and conventionally raised mice of both sexes, and assessed visceral sensitivity to colorectal distension, neuronal excitability of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and the production of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in response to capsaicin or a mixture of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Germ-free mice displayed greater in vivo responses to colonic distention than conventional mice, with no differences between males and females. Pretreatment with intracolonic capsaicin or GPCR agonists increased responses in conventional, but not in germ-free mice. In DRG neurons, gut microbiota and sex had no effect on neuronal activation by capsaicin or GPCR agonists. While stimulated production of substance P by DRG neurons was similar in germ-free and conventional mice, with no additional effect of sex, the CGRP production was higher in germ-free mice, mainly in females. Absence of gut microbiota increases visceral sensitivity to colorectal distention in both male and female mice. This is, at least in part, due to increased production of CGRP by DRG neurons, which is mainly evident in female mice. However, central mechanisms are also likely involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pujo
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jun Lu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Gut Microbiota, the Potential Biological Medicine for Prevention, Intervention and Drug Sensitization to Fight Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204220. [PMID: 36296908 PMCID: PMC9610464 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest “immune organ” of human beings, the gut microbiota is symbiotic and mutually beneficial with the human host, playing multiple physiological functions. Studies have long shown that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with almost all human diseases, mainly including type II diabetes, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and kidney diseases. As a novel and potential biological medicine for disease prevention, intervention and drug sensitization, the gut microbiota has attracted more and more attention recently. Although the gut microbiota is a comprehensive microbial community, several star bacteria have emerged as possible tools to fight against various diseases. This review aims to elucidate the relevance of gut microbiota dysbiosis with disease occurrence and progression, and mainly summarizes four well-known genera with therapeutic and sensitizing potential, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Parabacteroides, thoroughly elucidate their potential value as biological drugs to treat diverse disease.
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Raj K, Singh S, Chib S, Mallan S. Microbiota- Brain-Gut-Axis Relevance to Parkinson's Disease: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Probiotics. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3049-3067. [PMID: 36200207 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666221003112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common type of neurogenerative disease among middleaged and older people, characterized by aggregation of alpha-synuclein and dopaminergic neuron loss. The microbiota- gut-brain axis is a dynamic bidirectional communication network and is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The aggregation of misfolded protein alpha-synuclein is a neuropathological characteristic of PD, originates in the gut and migrates to the central nervous system (CNS) through the vagus nerve and olfactory bulb. The change in the architecture of gut microbiota increases the level short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites, acting on the neuroendocrine system and modulating the concentrations of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and other neurotransmitters. It also alters the vagus and intestinal signalling, influencing the brain and behaviour by activating microglia and systemic cytokines. Both experimental and clinical reports indicate the role of intestinal dysbiosis and microbiota host interaction in neurodegeneration. Probiotics are live microorganisms that modify the gut microbiota in the small intestine to avoid neurological diseases. Probiotics have been shown in clinical and preclinical studies to be effective in the treatment of PD by balancing the gut microbiota. In this article, we described the role of gut-microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. The article aims to explore the mechanistic strategy of the gut-brain axis and its relation with motor impairment and the use of probiotics to maintain gut microbial flora and prevent PD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadga Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Sudhanshu Mallan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
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Kaur H, Ali SA, Yan F. Interactions between the gut microbiota-derived functional factors and intestinal epithelial cells - implication in the microbiota-host mutualism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006081. [PMID: 36159834 PMCID: PMC9492984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutual interactions between the gut microbiota and the host play essential roles in maintaining human health and providing a nutrient-rich environment for the gut microbial community. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide the frontline responses to the gut microbiota for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to commensal bacterium-derived components as functional factors for the action of commensal bacteria, including protecting intestinal integrity and mitigating susceptibility of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, IECs have been found to communicate with the gut commensal bacteria to shape the composition and function of the microbial community. This review will discuss the current understanding of the beneficial effects of functional factors secreted by commensal bacteria on IECs, with focus on soluble proteins, metabolites, and surface layer components, and highlight the impact of IECs on the commensal microbial profile. This knowledge provides a proof-of-concept model for understanding of mechanisms underlying the microbiota-host mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Proteomics of Stem Cell and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Fang Yan,
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Loktionov A. Colon mucus in colorectal neoplasia and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4475-4492. [PMID: 36157924 PMCID: PMC9476883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little was known about mammalian colon mucus (CM) until the beginning of the 21st century. Since that time considerable progress has been made in basic research addressing CM structure and functions. Human CM is formed by two distinct layers composed of gel-forming glycosylated mucins that are permanently secreted by goblet cells of the colonic epithelium. The inner layer is dense and impenetrable for bacteria, whereas the loose outer layer provides a habitat for abundant commensal microbiota. Mucus barrier integrity is essential for preventing bacterial contact with the mucosal epithelium and maintaining homeostasis in the gut, but it can be impaired by a variety of factors, including CM-damaging switch of commensal bacteria to mucin glycan consumption due to dietary fiber deficiency. It is proven that impairments in CM structure and function can lead to colonic barrier deterioration that opens direct bacterial access to the epithelium. Bacteria-induced damage dysregulates epithelial proliferation and causes mucosal inflammatory responses that may expand to the loosened CM and eventually result in severe disorders, including colitis and neoplastic growth. Recently described formation of bacterial biofilms within the inner CM layer was shown to be associated with both inflammation and cancer. Although obvious gaps in our knowledge of human CM remain, its importance for the pathogenesis of major colorectal diseases, comprising inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, is already recognized. Continuing progress in CM exploration is likely to result in the development of a range of new useful clinical applications addressing colorectal disease diagnosis, prevention and therapy.
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Zhang T, Ma X, Tian W, Zhang J, Wei Y, Zhang B, Wang F, Tang X. Global Research Trends in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:922063. [PMID: 35833106 PMCID: PMC9271748 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.922063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are about 10–23% of adults worldwide suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Over the past few decades, there are many aspects of uncertainty regarding IBS leading to an ongoing interest in the topic as reflected by a vast number of publications, whose heterogeneity and variable quality may challenge researchers to measure their scientific impact, to identify collaborative networks, and to grasp actively researched themes. Accordingly, with help from bibliometric approaches, our goal is to assess the structure, evolution, and trends of IBS research between 2007 and 2022. Methods The documents exclusively focusing on IBS from 2007 to 2022 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection. The annual productivity of IBS research, and the most prolific countries or regions, authors, journals and resource-, intellectual- and knowledge-sharing in IBS research, as well as co-citation analysis of references and keywords were analyzed through Microsoft Office Excel 2019, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. Results In total, 4,092 publications were reviewed. The USA led the list of countries with the most publications (1,226, 29.96%). Mayo Clinic contributed more publications than any other institution (193, 4.71%). MAGNUS SIMREN stood out as the most active and impactful scholar with the highest number of publications and the greatest betweenness centrality value. The most high-yield journal in this field was Neurogastroenterology and motility: the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society (275, 6.72%). Gastroenterology had the most co-citations (3,721, 3.60%). Keywords with the ongoing strong citation bursts were chromogranin A, rat model, peptide YY, gut microbiota, and low-FODMAP diet, etc. Conclusion Through bibliometric analysis, we gleaned deep insight into the current status of literature investigating IBS for the first time. These findings will be useful to scholars interested in understanding the key information in the field, as well as identifying possible research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxue Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Tian
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beihua Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Beihua Zhang,
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Fengyun Wang,
| | - Xudong Tang
- Xiyuan Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xudong Tang,
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Ma S, Zhang J, Liu H, Li S, Wang Q. The Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896591. [PMID: 35721513 PMCID: PMC9199005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a refractory disease with many immune abnormalities and pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract. Because macrophages can distinguish innocuous antigens from potential pathogens to maintain mucosa barrier functions, they are essential cells in the intestinal immune system. With numerous numbers in the intestinal tract, tissue-resident macrophages have a significant effect on the constant regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells and maintaining the immune homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. They also have a significant influence on IBD through regulating pro-(M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype polarization according to different environmental cues. The disequilibrium of the phenotypes and functions of macrophages, disturbed by intracellular or extracellular stimuli, influences the progression of disease. Further investigation of macrophages’ role in the progression of IBD will facilitate deciphering the pathogenesis of disease and exploring novel targets to develop novel medications. In this review, we shed light on the origin and maintenance of intestinal macrophages, as well as the role of macrophages in the occurrence and development of IBD. In addition, we summarize the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal macrophages, and the role of the macrophage-derived exosome. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the polarization and functions of gut macrophages, the potential targeted strategies, and current clinical trials for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Heshi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
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49
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Sittipo P, Choi J, Lee S, Lee YK. The function of gut microbiota in immune-related neurological disorders: a review. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:154. [PMID: 35706008 PMCID: PMC9199126 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the importance of microbiota in the regulation of gut–brain communication in immune-related neurological disorders. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts a diverse abundance of microbiota, referred to as gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a role in the maintenance of GI tract homeostasis and is likely to have multiple effects on brain development and function. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is termed the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This communication between the intestine and the brain appears to affect human health and behavior, as certain animal studies have demonstrated the association between alterations in the gut microbiota and neurological disorders. Most insights about the microbiota–gut–brain axis come from germ-free animal models, which reveal the importance of gut microbiota in neural function. To date, many studies have observed the impact of the gut microbiota in patients with neurological disorders. Although many studies have investigated the microbiota–gut–brain axis, there are still limitations in translating this research to humans given the complexities of the relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence of how the microbiota–gut–brain axis regulates brain development and function through biological networks, as well as the possible contribution of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in immune-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Choi
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Wang J, Su L, Zhang L, Zeng J, Chen Q, Deng R, Wang Z, Kuang W, Jin X, Gui S, Xu Y, Lu X. Spirulina platensis aqueous extracts ameliorate colonic mucosal damage and modulate gut microbiota disorder in mice with ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:481-501. [PMID: 35686527 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades. Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota disorder. These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products. However, there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S. platensis aqueous extracts (SP), and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which SP alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell (NCM460) injury model and UC animal model. The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury. SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge. In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group. Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) post-SP treatment. SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon. Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction, inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production, and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liqian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiali Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingru Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weidong Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuiqing Gui
- Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518031, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China. ,
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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