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Jack BU, Dias S, Pheiffer C. Comparative Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Lipopolysaccharide, and Palmitate on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01522-3. [PMID: 39269560 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
We have previously reported that dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is attributed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) rather than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitate (PA). In this study, we further compared the modulative effects of TNFα, LPS, and PA on mitochondrial function by treating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TNFα (10 ng/mL), LPS (100 ng/mL), and PA (0.75 mM) individually or in combination for 24 h. Results showed a significant reduction in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, mitochondrial bioenergetics, total antioxidant capacity, and the mRNA expression of citrate synthase (Cs), sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 (Prkaa2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) in cells treated with TNFα individually or in combination with LPS and PA. Additionally, TNFα treatments decreased insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1), insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2), solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 (Slc2a4), and phosphoinositide 3 kinase regulatory subunit 1 (Pik3r1) mRNA expression. Treatment with LPS and PA alone, or in combination, did not affect the assessed metabolic parameters, while the combination of LPS and PA increased lipid peroxidation. These results show that TNFα but not LPS and PA dysregulate mitochondrial function, thus inducing oxidative stress and impaired insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This suggests that TNFα treatment can be used as a basic in vitro model for studying the pathophysiology of mitochondrial dysfunction and related metabolic complications and screening potential anti-obesity therapeutics in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa Unice Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Stephanie Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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2
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Liu H, Yan R, Li Y, Wang J, Deng Y, Li Y. Dragon's blood attenuates LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via upregulation of FAK-DOCK180-Rac1-WAVE2-Arp3 and downregulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. J Nat Med 2024; 78:1013-1028. [PMID: 39014275 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) dysfunction is one of the important reasons for the occurrence and development of intestinal inflammatory-related diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Dragon's blood (DB) is a traditional Chinese medicine and has been clinically used to treat UC. However, the protective mechanism of DB on intestinal inflammatory-related diseases has still not been elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the protection mechanism of DB on IEB dysfunction in rat ileum and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2)/human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) coculture system induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DB could ameliorate rat ileum mucosa morphological injury, reduce the accumulation of lipid-peroxidation products and increase the expression of junction proteins. DB also alleviated LPS-induced Caco-2 cells barrier integrity destruction in Caco-2/ HUVECs coculture system, leading to increased trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), reduced cell permeability, and upregulation of expressions of F-actin and junction proteins. DB contributed to the assembly of actin cytoskeleton by upregulating the FAK-DOCK180-Rac1-WAVE2-Arp3 pathway and contributed to the formation of intercellular junctions by downregulating TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway, thus reversing LPS-induced IEB dysfunction. These novel findings illustrated the potential protective mechanism of DB on intestinal inflammatory-related diseases and might be useful for further clinical application of DB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ranran Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China.
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3
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Mabrouk NEL, Mastouri M, Lizard G, Aouni M, Harizi H. In vitro immunotoxicity effects of carbendazim were inhibited by n-acetylcysteine in microglial BV-2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 97:105812. [PMID: 38522494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) is a benzimidazole fungicide widely used worldwide in industrial, agricultural, and veterinary practices. Although, CBZ was found in all brain tissues causing serious neurotoxicity, its impact on brain immune cells remain scarcely understood. Our study investigated the in vitro effects of CBZ on activated microglial BV-2 cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CBZ and cytokine release was measured by ELISA, and Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) assays. Mitochondrial superoxide anion (O2·-) generation was evaluated by Dihydroethidium (DHE) and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed by Griess reagent. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring the malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. The transmembrane mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) was detected by cytometry analysis with dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) assay. CBZ concentration-dependently increased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 by LPS-activated BV-2 cells. CBZ significantly promoted oxidative stress by increasing NO, O2·- generation, and MDA levels. In contrast, CBZ significantly decreased ΔΨm. Pre-treatment of BV-2 cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed all the above mentioned immunotoxic parameters, suggesting a potential protective role of NAC against CBZ-induced immunotoxicity via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on activated BV-2 cells. Therefore, microglial proinflammatory over-activation by CBZ may be a potential mechanism by which CBZ could induce neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjesse E L Mabrouk
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Laboratory Bio-PeroxIL, Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. EA7270, INSERM, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, University of Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Harizi
- Laboratoy of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy Monastir University, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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4
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Kolba N, Tako E. Effective alternatives for dietary interventions for necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review of in vivo studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37971890 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2281623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates and low birth weight children in the United States. Current treatment options, such as antibiotics and intestinal resections, often result in complications related to pediatric nutrition and development. This systematic review aimed to identify alternative dietary bioactive compounds that have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating NEC in vivo studies conducted within the past six years. Following PRISMA guidelines and registering in PROSPERO (CRD42023330617), we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Our analysis included 19 studies, predominantly involving in vivo models of rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus). The findings revealed that various types of compounds have demonstrated successful amelioration of NEC symptoms. Specifically, six studies employed plant phenolics, seven utilized plant metabolites/cytotoxic chemicals, three explored the efficacy of vitamins, and three investigated the potential of whole food extracts. Importantly, all administered compounds exhibited positive effects in mitigating the disease. These results highlight the potential of natural cytotoxic chemicals derived from medicinal plants in identifying and implementing powerful alternative drugs and therapies for NEC. Such approaches have the capacity to impact multiple pathways involved in the development and progression of NEC symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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5
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Mehrani Y, Knapp JP, Kakish JE, Tieu S, Javadi H, Chan L, Stegelmeier AA, Napoleoni C, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Murine Mast Cells That Are Deficient in IFNAR-Signaling Respond to Viral Infection by Producing a Large Amount of Inflammatory Cytokines, a Low Level of Reactive Oxygen Species, and a High Rate of Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14141. [PMID: 37762443 PMCID: PMC10531704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mat cells (MCs) are located in the skin and mucous membranes at points where the body meets the environment. When activated, MCs release inflammatory cytokines, which help the immune system to fight viruses. MCs produce, and have receptors for interferons (IFNs), which belong to a family of cytokines recognized for their antiviral properties. Previously, we reported that MCs produced proinflammatory cytokines in response to a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSVΔm51) and that IFNAR signaling was required to down-modulate these responses. Here, we have demonstrated that UV-irradiated rVSVΔm51 did not cause any inflammatory cytokines in either in vitro cultured mouse IFNAR-intact (IFNAR+/+), or in IFNAR-knockout (IFNAR-/-) MCs. However, the non-irradiated virus was able to replicate more effectively in IFNAR-/- MCs and produced a higher level of inflammatory cytokines compared with the IFNAR+/+ MCs. Interestingly, MCs lacking IFNAR expression displayed reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with IFNAR+/+ MCs. Additionally, upon the viral infection, these IFNAR-/- MCs were found to coexist with many dying cells within the cell population. Based on our findings, IFNAR-intact MCs exhibit a lower rate of rVSVΔm51 infectivity and lower levels of cytokines while demonstrating higher levels of ROS. This suggests that MCs with intact IFNAR signaling may survive viral infections by producing cell-protective ROS mechanisms and are less likely to die than IFNAR-/- cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Jason P. Knapp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Sophie Tieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Ashley A. Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Christina Napoleoni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
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6
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Qi Y, Jin M, Li Q, Wu Q, Liao Z, Wei M, Fan X, Yang Q, Tian X, Giuseppe B, Luo L. Chitooligosaccharide reconstitutes intestinal mucus layer to improve oral absorption of water-soluble drugs. J Control Release 2023; 360:831-841. [PMID: 37481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus is a complex natural hydrogel barrier with unique physical properties that impede the absorption of various oral drugs. Both washout from the upper water layer and the physical resistance of the mucus layer particularly affect bioavailability of, especially, highly water-soluble molecules. One potential strategy for designing pharmaceutical formulations is to add absorption enhancers (AEs). However, there are few reports of AEs that work on mucus and their underlying mechanisms, leading to imprecise application. In this study, we investigated chitooligosaccharide (COS) as a safe, low-cost, and effective oral drug AE. We revealed the hydrodynamic law of interaction between COS and the intestinal mucus layer, which was associated with absorption benefiting mucus structural reconstruction. Based on this, we designed a translational strategy to improve the bioavailability of a group of soluble oral drugs by drinking COS solution before administration. Moreover, this research is expected to expand its application scenario by reducing drug dosage such as avoiding gastro-intestinal irritation and slowing veterinary antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiqian Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Menghao Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianzhan Yang
- Analytical Instruments Department, Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. Chongqing Branch, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Battaglia Giuseppe
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1H0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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7
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Zheng W, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Ding L, Yao W. The synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protects intestinal barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 37301956 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactulose as an effective prebiotic protects intestinal mucosal injury. Bacillus coagulans is widely used in feed additives because of its ability to promote intestinal health. Our previous study suggests that the combination of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans may be a good candidate as alternative for antibiotic growth promoters. However, the in vivo effects of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on growth and intestinal health under immune challenge in piglets remains unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the protective effects of synbiotic containing lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal mucosal injury and barrier dysfunction under immune challenge in weaned piglets. METHODS Twenty four weaned piglets were assigned to 4 groups. Piglets in the CON-saline and LPS-LPS group were fed the basal diet, while others were fed either with chlortetracycline (CTC) or synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans for 32 d before injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection to collect samples to determine intestinal morphology, integrity and barrier functions as well as relative genes and proteins. RESULTS Our data showed that no differences were observed in the growth performance of the four test groups. LPS injection induced higher serum diamine oxidase activities, D-lactic acid levels, and endotoxin status, lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, greater mRNA and lower protein expression related tight junction in both jejunum and ileum. In addition, a higher apoptosis index, and protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were also observed in the LPS challenge group. Interestingly, dietary synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protected against LPS-induced intestinal damage, barrier dysfunction and higher apoptosis as well as CTC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed resilience to LPS-induced intestinal morphological damage, barrier dysfunction and aggressive apoptosis in piglets as well as the protective effects of CTC. These results indicate that synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed beneficial effects on performance and resilience to acute immune stress in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunnan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liren Ding
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Zhang Q, Li P, Li H, Yi D, Guo S, Wang L, Zhao D, Wang C, Wu T, Hou Y. Multifaceted Effects and Mechanisms of N-Acetylcysteine on Intestinal Injury in a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Infected Porcine Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200369. [PMID: 36321532 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the potential effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestinal injury in a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected porcine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two piglets are randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control, PEDV, NAC, and NAC+PEDV. Piglets in the NAC+PEDV group are orally administrated with NAC (100 mg (kg·BW)-1 day-1 ) for 4 consecutive days after 2 days of PEDV infection. The results show that NAC administration decreases the diarrhea rate and improves intestinal morphology. The concentration of diamine oxidase and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, as well as IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in the plasma, is decreased by NAC. Intriguingly, NAC administration significantly increases the viral load in the jejunum and ileum and down-regulates the expression of interferon-related genes. Microarray and proteomic analyses show that the differentially expressed genes/proteins between NAC+PEDV and PEDV groups are highly enriched in substance transport. Furthermore, aquaporin 8/10 expression is significantly increased by NAC upon PEDV infection. CONCLUSION NAC administration alleviates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses and improving substance transport, but promotes viral replication by inhibiting interferon signaling. These results suggest NAC exhibits multifaceted effects upon PEDV infection, and thus caution is required when using NAC as a dietary supplement to prevent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Hanbo Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
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9
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Microbiota Dysbiosis and Gut Barrier Dysfunction Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Are Modulated by a Specific Metabolic Cofactors' Combination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213675. [PMID: 36430154 PMCID: PMC9692973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a selective barrier that not only allows the translocation of nutrients from food, but also microbe-derived metabolites to the systemic circulation that flows through the liver. Microbiota dysbiosis occurs when energy imbalances appear due to an unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Dysbiosis has a critical impact on increasing intestinal permeability and epithelial barrier deterioration, contributing to bacterial and antigen translocation to the liver, triggering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. In this study, the potential therapeutic/beneficial effects of a combination of metabolic cofactors (a multi-ingredient; MI) (betaine, N-acetylcysteine, L-carnitine, and nicotinamide riboside) against NAFLD were evaluated. In addition, we investigated the effects of this metabolic cofactors' combination as a modulator of other players of the gut-liver axis during the disease, including gut barrier dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis. Diet-induced NAFLD mice were distributed into two groups, treated with the vehicle (NAFLD group) or with a combination of metabolic cofactors (NAFLD-MI group), and small intestines were harvested from all animals for histological, molecular, and omics analysis. The MI treatment ameliorated gut morphological changes, decreased gut barrier permeability, and reduced gene expression of some proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, epithelial cell proliferation and the number of goblet cells were increased after MI supplementation. In addition, supplementation with the MI combination promoted changes in the intestinal microbiota composition and diversity, as well as modulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations in feces. Taken together, this specific combination of metabolic cofactors can reverse gut barrier disruption and microbiota dysbiosis contributing to the amelioration of NAFLD progression by modulating key players of the gut-liver axis.
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10
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Kandpal M, Indari O, Baral B, Jakhmola S, Tiwari D, Bhandari V, Pandey RK, Bala K, Sonawane A, Jha HC. Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota from the Perspective of the Gut-Brain Axis: Role in the Provocation of Neurological Disorders. Metabolites 2022; 12:1064. [PMID: 36355147 PMCID: PMC9692419 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The axis keeps track of gastrointestinal activities and integrates them to connect gut health to higher cognitive parts of the brain. Disruption in this connection may facilitate various neurological and gastrointestinal problems. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive dysfunction of specific populations of neurons, determining clinical presentation. Misfolded protein aggregates that cause cellular toxicity and that aid in the collapse of cellular proteostasis are a defining characteristic of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These disorders are not only caused by changes in the neural compartment but also due to other factors of non-neural origin. Mounting data reveal that the majority of gastrointestinal (GI) physiologies and mechanics are governed by the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation and physiological function of the brain, although the mechanism involved has not yet been fully interpreted. One of the emerging explanations of the start and progression of many neurodegenerative illnesses is dysbiosis of the gut microbial makeup. The present understanding of the literature surrounding the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the emergence of certain neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, is the main emphasis of this review. The potential entry pathway of the pathogen-associated secretions and toxins into the CNS compartment has been explored in this article at the outset of neuropathology. We have also included the possible mechanism of undelaying the synergistic effect of infections, their metabolites, and other interactions based on the current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kandpal
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Omkar Indari
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Jakhmola
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Tiwari
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telengana, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kiran Bala
- Algal Ecotechnology & Sustainability Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Disease Biology & Cellular Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Fisette A, Sergi D, Breton-Morin A, Descôteaux S, Martinoli MG. New Insights on the Role of Bioactive Food Derivatives in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3068-3081. [PMID: 36121075 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220919085742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, neurodegenerative diseases have received increasing attention due to their frequency in the aging population and the social and economic burdens they are posing. In parallel, an era's worth of research in neuroscience has shaped our current appreciation of the complex relationship between nutrition and the central nervous system. Particular branches of nutrition continue to galvanize neuroscientists, in particular the diverse roles that bioactive food derivatives play on health and disease. Bioactive food derivatives are nowadays recognized to directly impact brain homeostasis, specifically with respect to their actions on cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy. However, ambiguities still exist regarding the significance of the influence of bioactive food derivatives on human health. In turn, gut microbiota dysbiosis is emerging as a novel player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, several routes of communication exist between the gut and the brain, where molecules are either released in the bloodstream or directly transported to the CNS. As such, bioactive food derivatives can modulate the complex ecosystem of the gut-brain axis, thus, targeting this communication network holds promises as a neuroprotective tool. This review aims at addressing one of the emerging aspects of neuroscience, particularly the interplay between food bioactive derivatives and neurodegeneration. We will specifically address the role that polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids play in preventing neurodegenerative diseases and how dietary intervention complements available pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fisette
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alyssa Breton-Morin
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada
| | - Savanah Descôteaux
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Qc., Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, U. Laval and CHU Research Center, Québec, Canada
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12
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Zhou C, Zhang L, Xu D, Ding H, Zheng S, Liu M. MeDIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis during porcine testis development reveals functional DMRs at the promoter of LDHC. Genomics 2022; 114:110467. [PMID: 36041633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Testis development requires tight regulation of gene expression programmed by epigenetic modifiers. However, their mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation landscape in the Duroc and Meishan boar testes using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq). We identified over 1100 promoter differential methylation genes (DMGs) before and after puberty, most of which are associated with testis development. Furthermore, we discovered that the expression of lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) gene during testis development is regulated by DNA methylation. The promoter of LDHC in pre-pubertal testes is substantially methylated, whereas considerably demethylated in post-pubertal testes. Artificial demethylation with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-CdR induced LDHC expression in immature Sertoli cells (SCs). Mechanistically, we confirmed the transcription factor SP1 was recruited to bind in hypomethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in LDHC promoter, which upregulated the expression of LDHC. Functionally, we demonstrated that LDHC gene was activated in mature SCs (mSCs) and its overexpression significantly increases lactate secretion in SCs. In conclusion, our results highlight the function and regulation of dynamic DNA methylation in testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dequan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haisheng Ding
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shuailong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Annouf Y, Al laham S, Chatty E. Efficiency evaluation of Amlodipine combined with N-acetylcysteine on Indomethacin-induced gastritis in rats. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.81003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is a well-known phenomenon that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause gastric mucosal damage. Amlodipine is a third generation dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker; it can inhibit inflammatory cytokines and enhance antioxidant defenses. N-acetylcysteine can act both as a precursor of reduced glutathione and as a direct ROS scavenger. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine has been purported to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Materials and methods: 34 albino Wistar rats were used. The model of gastritis was induced by subcutaneous Indomethacin prepared in 5% sodium bicarbonate administered at a dose rate of 9 mg/kg for two days at 24h intervals. N-acetylcysteine (500 mg/kg), Amlodipine (10 mg/kg) and N-acetylcysteine (500 mg/kg) combined with Amlodipine (5 mg/kg) were administrated for seven consecutive days beginning 24 h after the first Indomethacin injection. Rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia on the 8th day. The stomach injury was assessed by macroscopic damage and histological study.
Results and discussion: The results showed that macroscopic stomach damage scores caused by administration of Indomethacin did not significantly decrease by administration of N-acetylcysteine alone (p>0.05), but it decreased significantly by administration of Amlodipine alone or by its combination with N-acetylcysteine (p<0.05). Microscopic stomach damage scores did not significantly decrease by administration of Amlodipine or N-acetylcysteine alone (p>0.05), but they decreased significantly by administering the combination of Amlodipine with N-acetylcysteine (p<0.05). Administration of Amlodipine with N-acetylcysteine showed significant reduction in the severity of the gastric inflammation induced by Indomethacin, which was evidenced macroscopically and microscopically.
Conclusion: This study concluded that administration of Amlodipine with N-acetylcysteine produce obvious enhancement in gastritis induced by Indomethacin.
Graphical abstract:
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14
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Quero J, Ballesteros LF, Ferreira-Santos P, Velderrain-Rodriguez GR, Rocha CMR, Pereira RN, Teixeira JA, Martin-Belloso O, Osada J, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Unveiling the Antioxidant Therapeutic Functionality of Sustainable Olive Pomace Active Ingredients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050828. [PMID: 35624692 PMCID: PMC9137791 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace (OP) is the main residue that results from olive oil production. OP is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, so its use in the treatments of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer, could be considered. The present work aimed to study the biological properties of different OP extracts, obtained by ohmic heating-assisted extraction and conventional heating, using water and 50% ethanol, in the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer through Caco-2 cell models. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The extracts were chemically characterized, and it was found that the Ohmic-hydroethanolic (OH-EtOH) extract had the highest antiproliferative effect, probably due to its higher content of phenolic compounds. The OH-EtOH induced potential modifications in the mitochondrial membrane and led to apoptosis by cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phases with activation of p53 and caspase 3 proteins. In addition, this extract protected the intestine against oxidative stress (ROS) caused by H2O2. Therefore, the bioactive compounds present in OP and recovered by applying a green technology such as ohmic-heating, show promising potential to be used in food, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications, reducing this waste and facilitating the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Quero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Lina F. Ballesteros
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Gustavo R. Velderrain-Rodriguez
- Alianza Latinoamericana de Nutricion Responsable Inc., 400 E Randolph St Suite 2305, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Cristina M. R. Rocha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N. Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A. Teixeira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.F.B.); (P.F.-S.); (C.M.R.R.); (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
- LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Olga Martin-Belloso
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Jesús Osada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- CIBERobn, ISCIII, 28029 Madrtid, Spain
- IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- CIBERobn, ISCIII, 28029 Madrtid, Spain
- IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761649
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15
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Valorization of Onion Waste by Obtaining Extracts Rich in Phenolic Compounds and Feasibility of Its Therapeutic Use on Colon Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040733. [PMID: 35453418 PMCID: PMC9032738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the total phenolic content, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of onion waste extracts were characterized. Some phenolic compounds present in the extracts were also identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds with the highest intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The onion extract possessed a high amount of phenolic compounds (177 ± 9 mg/g extract) and had an effective antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays. Regarding the antiproliferative activity, the onion extracts produced cell cycle arrest in the S phase with p53 activation, intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial membrane potential modification) and caspase 3 activation. Likewise, onion waste increased intracellular ROS with possible NF-kB activation causing a proteasome down regulation. In addition, the extracts protected the intestine against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. According to the in-silico analysis, these results could be related to the higher Caco-2 permeability to protocatechuic acid. Therefore, this study provides new insights regarding the potential use of these types of extract as functional ingredients with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and as medicinal agents in diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer. In addition, its valorization would contribute to the circular economy.
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16
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ML365 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Scorza CA, Fiorini AC. Repurposing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent N-acetyl cysteine for treating COVID-19. World J Virol 2022; 11:82-84. [PMID: 35117973 PMCID: PMC8788215 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several considerations have been raised suggesting a beneficial effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, there is currently no clinical evidence that NAC truly prevents coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reduces the severity of the disease, or improves the outcome. Appropriately designed clinical trials are warranted to prove or disprove a therapeutic effect of NAC for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Neurological Department, Messerli Institute, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 01000-000, Brazil
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18
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El-Shal LM, El-Star AAA, Azmy AM, Elnegris HM. The possible protective role of N-acetyl cysteine on duodenal mucosa of high fat diet and orlistat treated adult male albino rats and the active role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and Interleukin 6 (IL6) (histological and biochemical study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:18-36. [PMID: 34979873 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.2007194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major universal health issue linked to a majority of illness. AIM To evaluate the histological and biochemical changes occurred in the duodenal mucosa of high fat diet HFD and orlistat fed rats and to assess the possible protective role of N-acetyl cysteine NAC supplementation. MATERIAL AND METHOD Sixty male albino rats weighing 180-200 g were classified randomly into control group I and three experimental groups (HFD group II, HFD + orlistat group III, and HFD + orlistat + NAC group IV). All experimental groups received HFD alone/and treatment for 6 weeks. Group III received orlistat (32 mg/kg/day) before meals and group IV received the same regimen as group III in addition to NAC (230 mg/kg/day) after meals. After completion of the experiment, duodenal sections were processed for histological examination, oxidative stress parameters, and semiqualitative real time PCR for proinflammatory mediators TNFα and IL6 evaluation. Also, plasma lipid parameters were assessed and morphometric duodenal results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS By histological examination of HFD and (HFD + orlistat) groups, we found severe to moderate duodenal structural disturbances, increased goblet cells, collagen fibers, and BAX and iNOS immunostaining. By Biochemical examination, both groups showed increased proinflammatory markers level (TNFα and IL6) with decreased all antioxidant parameters and increased MDA. Moreover, NAC treatment in group IV significantly reduced all structural changes, levels of proinflammatory mediators and increased all antioxidant parameter levels and decreased MDA. CONCLUSION All findings elucidated that NAC could be accounted to be a useful drug for protection of duodenal mucosa of HFD and orlistat treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Moustafa El-Shal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alyaa A Abd El-Star
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Azmy
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elnegris
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Ding Q, Guo R, Pei L, Lai S, Li J, Yin Y, Xu T, Yang W, Song Q, Han Q, Dou X, Li S. N-acetylcysteine alleviates high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury via regulating intestinal microecology in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:3368-3380. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03952k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-accepted antioxidant, has been shown to protect against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of the beneficial...
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20
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Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 is negatively regulated by oxidative stress in rat intestine via a posttranslational mechanism. Impact on its membrane barrier function. Toxicology 2021; 460:152873. [PMID: 34303734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a key factor in the development of gastrointestinal disorders, in which the intestinal barrier is altered. However, the Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) status, an essential component of the intestinal transcellular barrier exhibiting pharmaco-toxicological relevance by limiting the orally ingested toxicants and drugs absorption, has not been investigated. We here evaluated the short-term effect of OS on Mrp2 by treatment of isolated rat intestinal sacs with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) for 30 min. OS induction by TBH (250 and 500 μM) was confirmed by increased lipid peroxidation end products, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. Under this condition, assessment of Mrp2 distribution between brush border (BBM) and intracellular (IM) membrane fractions, showed that Mrp2 protein decreased in BBM and increased in IM, consistent with an internalization process. This was associated with decreased efflux activity and, consequently, impaired barrier function. Subsequent incubation with N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC, 1 mM) reestablished GSH content and reverted concomitantly the alteration in Mrp2 localization and function induced by TBH. Cotreatment with a specific inhibitor of classic calcium-dependent Protein Kinase C (cPKC) implicated this kinase in TBH-effects. In conclusion, we demonstrated a negative posttranslational regulation of rat intestinal Mrp2 after short-term exposition to OS, a process likely mediated by cPKC and dependent on intracellular GSH content. The concomitant impairment of the Mrp2 barrier function may have implications in xenobiotic absorption and toxicity in a variety of human diseases linked to OS, with notable consequences on the toxicity/safety of therapeutic agents.
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21
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Mármol I, Quero J, Ibarz R, Ferreira-Santos P, Teixeira JA, Rocha CM, Pérez-Fernández M, García-Juiz S, Osada J, Martín-Belloso O, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Valorization of agro-food by-products and their potential therapeutic applications. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Assimakopoulos SF, Aretha D, Komninos D, Dimitropoulou D, Lagadinou M, Leonidou L, Oikonomou I, Mouzaki A, Marangos M. N-acetyl-cysteine reduces the risk for mechanical ventilation and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a two-center retrospective cohort study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 53:847-854. [PMID: 34182881 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1945675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been previously shown to exert beneficial effects in diverse respiratory diseases, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Our aim was to evaluate NAC potential impact in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in terms of progression to severe respiratory failure (SRF) and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective, two-centre cohort study included consecutive patients hospitalised with moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients who received standard of care were compared with patients who additionally received NAC 600 mg bid orally for 14 days. Patients' clinical course was recorded regarding (i) the development of SRF (PO2/FiO2 <150) requiring mechanical ventilation support and (ii) mortality at 14 and 28 days. RESULTS A total of 82 patients were included, 42 in the NAC group and 40 in the control group. Treatment with oral NAC led to significantly lower rates of progression to SRF as compared to the control group (p < .01). Patients in the NAC group presented significantly lower 14- and 28-day mortality as compared to controls (p < .001 and p < .01 respectively). NAC treatment significantly reduced 14- and 28-day mortality in patients with severe disease (p < .001, respectively). NAC improved over time the PO2/FiO2 ratio and decreased the white blood cell, CRP, D-dimers and LDH levels. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, non-severe illness and NAC administration were independent predictors of 28-days survival. CONCLUSION Oral NAC administration (1200 mg/d) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia reduces the risk for mechanical ventilation and mortality. Our findings need to be confirmed by properly designed prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diamanto Aretha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Komninos
- Department of Internal Medicine, "St Andrews" State General Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Dimitropoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, "St Andrews" State General Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Lagadinou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Lydia Leonidou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Oikonomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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23
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Wang F, Liu J, Hu X, Zhong Y, Wen F, Tang X, Yang S, Zhong S, Zhou Z, Yuan X, Li Y. The influence on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors and intestinal injury-related molecules in Wahui pigeon induced by lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251462. [PMID: 33979394 PMCID: PMC8115843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intestinal structure is the foundation for various activities and functions in poultry. An important question concerns the changes in the intestinal status under endotoxin stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wahui pigeons. Methods Thirty-six 28-day-old healthy Wahui pigeons were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day for five days, and the control group was treated with the same amount of sterile saline. Blood and the ileum were collected from pigeons on the first, third, and fifth days of the experiment and used for oxidative stress assessment, inflammatory factor detection, histopathological examination, and positive cell localization. In addition, intestinal injury indices and mRNA expression levels (tight junction proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and factors related to autophagy and apoptosis) were evaluated. Results Villi in the ileum were shorter in the LPS group than in the control group, and D-lactic acid levels in the serum were significantly increased. Glutathione and catalase levels significantly decreased, but the malondialdehyde content in the serum increased. TNF-α and IL-10 were detected at higher levels in the serum, with stronger positive signals and higher mRNA expression levels, in the LPS group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and HMGB1 in the inflammatory signaling pathway were also upregulated. Finally, the mRNA expression of Claudin3, Occludin, and ZO-1 was significantly decreased; however, that of Beclin1 and Atg5 was increased in the LPS group. Conclusion Ileal pathological changes and oxidative stress were caused by LPS challenge; it is proposed that this triggering regulates the inflammatory response, causing excessive autophagy and apoptosis, promoting intestinal permeability, and leading to intestinal injury in Wahui pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofen Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Technology Center of Experimental Animals, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoen Tang
- Fuzhou Husbandry Breeding Farm, Linchuan, 344000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengwei Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zuohong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Dietary alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, gut barrier function and inflammation in piglets post-weaning: Where are we now? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Translational Approaches with Antioxidant Phytochemicals against Alcohol-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030384. [PMID: 33806556 PMCID: PMC8000766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis with decreased ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and other changes are reported to be caused by many disease states and various environmental factors, such as ethanol (e.g., alcohol drinking), Western-style high-fat diets, high fructose, etc. It is also caused by genetic factors, including genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in different individuals. Gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and elevated serum endotoxin levels can be observed in human patients and/or experimental rodent models exposed to these factors or with certain disease states. However, gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can be normalized through lifestyle alterations such as increased consumption of healthy diets with various fruits and vegetables containing many different kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, endotoxemia, and fatty liver disease with a specific focus on the alcohol-associated pathways. We also mention translational approaches by discussing the benefits of many antioxidant phytochemicals and/or their metabolites against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and fatty liver disease.
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26
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The Aging Bowel Dysfunction and Elderly Vulnerability towards COVID-19 Infection. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020097. [PMID: 33525368 PMCID: PMC7912227 DOI: 10.3390/life11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, primarily a respiratory tract virus, also affects the enteric organs. The most affected sector of the community are the retirement and nursing home elderly residents. Along their life the senescent gastrointestinal functions are deteriorating and failing to fully execute their digestive, absorptive, mucosal barriers, and immune protective duties. Adding the decreased motility, increased intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, morbid chronic disease background, the consumed polypharmacy enteric adverse effects to the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 host receptor along the intestinal tracts put the basis for the current hypothesis. It is hypothesized that the disadvantages and failures of the aging enteric tract contribute to the elderly morbidity and mortality during the current new coronavirus pandemic. In a more optimistic look, several nutraceuticals can prevent or restore the dysfunctional intestinal barrier functions, mainly in the elderly and potentially in those who are SARS-CoV-2 infected.
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27
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Bruellman R, Llorente C. A Perspective Of Intestinal Immune-Microbiome Interactions In Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:307-327. [PMID: 33390852 PMCID: PMC7757023 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the intricacies of the gut microbiome and how it interacts with the host immune system has opened up pathways in the search for the treatment of disease conditions. Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Research has shed light on the breakdown of the protective gut barriers, translocation of gut microbes to the liver and inflammatory immune response to microbes all contributing to alcohol-associated liver disease. This knowledge has opened up avenues for alternative therapies to alleviate alcohol-associated liver disease based on the interaction of the commensal gut microbiome as a key player in the regulation of the immune response. This review describes the relevance of the intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota, and specialized and non-specialized intestinal cells in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. It also reflects how these components are altered during alcohol-associated liver disease and discusses new approaches for potential future therapies in alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bruellman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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28
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McCarty MF, Lerner A. Perspective: Prospects for Nutraceutical Support of Intestinal Barrier Function. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:316-324. [PMID: 33126251 PMCID: PMC8243597 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of intestinal barrier function is linked to certain pathologies and to aging, and can be a cause of bacterial infections, systemic and hepatic inflammation, food allergies, and autoimmune disorders. The formation and maintenance of intestinal tight junctions is supported by glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which via insulin-like growth factor I activity boosts phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (PI3K/Akt/mTORC1) signaling in enterocytes. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity as well as estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) activity are also protective in this regard. Conversely, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cellular Src (c-Src) under inflammatory conditions can induce dissociation of tight junctions. Hence, nutraceuticals that promote GLP-2 secretion from L cells-effective pre/probiotics, glycine, and glutamine-as well as diets rich in soluble fiber or resistant starch, can support intestinal barrier function. AMPK activators-notably berberine and the butyric acid produced by health-promoting microflora-are also beneficial in this regard, as are soy isoflavones, which function as selective agonists for ERβ. The adverse impact of MAPK and c-Src overactivation on the intestinal barrier can be combatted with various antioxidant measures, including phycocyanobilin, phase 2-inducer nutraceuticals, and N-acetylcysteine. These considerations suggest that rationally designed functional foods or complex supplementation programs could have clinical potential for supporting and restoring healthful intestinal barrier function.
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29
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Poe FL, Corn J. N-Acetylcysteine: A potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109862. [PMID: 32504923 PMCID: PMC7261085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread across the globe. Predisposing factors such as age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lowered immune function increase the risk of disease severity. T cell exhaustion, high viral load, and high levels of TNF-ɑ, IL1β, IL6, IL10 have been associated with severe SARS-CoV-2. Cytokine and antigen overstimulation are potentially responsible for poor humoral response to the virus. Lower cellular redox status, which leads to pro-inflammatory states mediated by TNF-ɑ is also potentially implicated. In vivo, in vitro, and human clinical trials have demonstrated N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an effective method of improving redox status, especially when under oxidative stress. In human clinical trials, NAC has been used to replenish glutathione stores and increase the proliferative response of T cells. NAC has also been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (IL1β and IL18) in vitro, and decrease plasma TNF-ɑ in human clinical trials. Mediation of the viral load could occur through NAC's ability to increase cellular redox status via maximizing the rate limiting step of glutathione synthesis, and thereby potentially decreasing the effects of virally induced oxidative stress and cell death. We hypothesize that NAC could act as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19 through a variety of potential mechanisms, including increasing glutathione, improving T cell response, and modulating inflammation. In this article, we present evidence to support the use of NAC as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis L Poe
- Whole Systems Research Institute, 1020 SW Taylor St Ste. 340, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Joshua Corn
- Whole Systems Research Institute, 1020 SW Taylor St Ste. 340, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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30
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Wang Y, Zhao S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang T, Wo X, Dong Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Qu C, Feng X, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao W. N-Acetyl cysteine effectively alleviates Coxsackievirus B-Induced myocarditis through suppressing viral replication and inflammatory response. Antiviral Res 2020; 179:104699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Uerlings J, Schroyen M, Bautil A, Courtin C, Richel A, Sureda EA, Bruggeman G, Tanghe S, Willems E, Bindelle J, Everaert N. In vitro prebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:293-307. [PMID: 31699173 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of fibre-rich ingredients in diets is one possible strategy to enhance intestinal fermentation and positively impact gut ecology, barrier and immunity. Nowadays, inulin-type fructans are used as prebiotics in the feed of piglets to manipulate gut ecology for health purposes. Likewise, some by-products could be considered as sustainable and inexpensive ingredients to reduce gut disorders at weaning. In the present study, chicory root and pulp, citrus pulp, rye bran and soya hulls were tested in a three-step in vitro model of the piglet's gastro-intestinal tract combining a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (digestion), a dialysis step using cellulose membranes (absorption) and a colonic batch fermentation (fermentation). The fermentation kinetics, SCFA and microbiota profiles in the fermentation broth were assessed as indicators of prebiotic activity and compared with the ones of inulin. The immunomodulatory effects of fermentation supernatant (FS) were investigated in cultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) by high-throughput quantitative PCR. Chicory root displayed a rapid and extensive fermentation and induced the second highest butyrate ratio after inulin. Citrus pulp demonstrated high acetate ratios and induced elevated Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa levels. Chicory root and pulp FS promoted the intestinal barrier integrity with up-regulated tight and adherens junction gene expressions in comparison with inulin FS. Chicory pulp FS exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cultured IPEC-J2. The novel approach combining an in vitro fermentation model with IPEC-J2 cells highlighted that both chicory root and pulp appear to be promising ingredients and should be considered to promote intestinal health at weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Uerlings
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Research Foundation for Industry and Agriculture, National Scientific Research Foundation (FRIA-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - An Bautil
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurore Richel
- Biomass and Green Technologies, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ester A Sureda
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Sofie Tanghe
- Royal Agrifirm Group, 7325 AW Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Els Willems
- Royal Agrifirm Group, 7325 AW Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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32
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Wu J, Yang CL, Sha YK, Wu Y, Liu ZY, Yuan ZH, Sun ZL. Koumine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in IPEC-J2 Cells by Regulating Nrf2/NF- κB Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:127-142. [PMID: 31931594 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gelsemium elegans Benth. (G. elegans), a traditional Chinese medicine, has great potential as an effective growth promoter in animals, however, the mechanism of its actin remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the protective effects of koumine extract from G. elegans against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells through alleviation of inflammation and oxidative stress. MTT and LDH assays revealed that koumine significantly reduced LPS cytotoxicity. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell monolayer permeability assays showed that koumine treatment attenuated the LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction with no particularly different effects in tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin. LPS-triggered inflammatory response was also suppressed by koumine, as evidenced by the downregulated inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO, iNOS, and COX-2, which was closely connected with the inhibition of NF-κB pathway for the decrease of phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB and nuclear translocation of p-p65. Amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA induced by LPS was also reduced by koumine through activation of Nrf2 pathway, and increased in the levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 degradation of keap-1 to promote anti-oxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). To summarize, koumine-reduced the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction triggered by LPS through regulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway and preventing intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Lin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Sha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
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Human Breast Milk Promotes the Secretion of Potentially Beneficial Metabolites by Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071548. [PMID: 31323989 PMCID: PMC6683045 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) may have beneficial effects on Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) -mediated immunomodulation. We aimed to determine the effects of HBM on proliferation of LR 17938 in vitro and its associated proteins and metabolites in culture, in order to provide mechanistic insights into the health benefits of LR 17938. LR 17938 was cultured anaerobically in MRS bacterial culture media, HBM (from 6 mothers), and 2 types of cow-milk formula. The colony-forming unit (CFU) was calculated to evaluate LR 17938 growth. Sixteen-hour-fermented supernatants were used for metabolomics, and bacterial lysates were used for proteomics analysis. We found that growth of LR 17938 was 10 times better in HBM than in formula. We detected 261/452 metabolites upregulated when LR 17938 cultured in HBM compared to in formula, mainly participating in the glyoxylate cycle (succinate), urea cycle (citrulline), methionine methylation (N-acetylcysteine), and polyamine synthesis (spermidine). The significantly up-regulated enzymes were also involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA in the glyoxylate cycle and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, HBM enhances the growth of LR 17938 compared to formula and promotes LR 17938-associated metabolites that relate to energy and antioxidant status, which may be linked to the physiological effects of L. reuteri.
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Wang Z, Han N, Zhao K, Li Y, Chi Y, Wang B. Protective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and inflammation in human renal tubular epithelial cells via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:445-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Yin YB, Guo SG, Wan D, Wu X, Yin YL. Enteroids: Promising in Vitro Models for Studies of Intestinal Physiology and Nutrition in Farm Animals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2421-2428. [PMID: 30739438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lack of sophisticated in vitro models limits our current understanding of gastrointestinal functions in farm animals. Conventional 2D cell lines or primary cells fail to recapitulate the physiology of in vivo intestinal epithelium. In contrast stem cell-derived, nontransformed 3D enteroids partially recreate the villus-crypt anatomy of the native intestine and comprise most if not all intestinal cell types including enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and stem cells. This review summarizes the techniques used for generating and culturing enteroids of various farm animal species, focuses on important factors influencing the longevity of enteroids, and provides an overview of their current applications in modeling veterinary pathogens and in developing chemicals and bioactives for treating animal disease and improving production performance. It also mentions current limitations of enteroid models and potential solutions and highlights the opportunities for using these enteroids as a platform in studies regarding veterinary sciences and animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Bang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , Changsha , Hunan 410125 , China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC University Medical Center , 3015 GD Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Song-Ge Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , Changsha , Hunan 410125 , China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , Changsha , Hunan 410125 , China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , Changsha , Hunan 410125 , China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process , Changsha , Hunan 410125 , China
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