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Yan Y, Zou M, Tang C, Ao H, He L, Qiu S, Li C. The insights into sour flavor and organic acids in alcoholic beverages. Food Chem 2024; 460:140676. [PMID: 39126943 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages have developed unique flavors over millennia, with sourness playing a vital role in their sensory perception and quality. Organic acids, as crucial flavor compounds, significantly impact flavor. This paper reviews the sensory attribute of sour flavor and key organic acids in alcoholic beverages. Regarding sour flavor, research methods include both static and dynamic sensory approaches and summarize the interaction of sour flavor with aroma, taste, and mouthfeel. In addition, this review focuses on identifying key organic acids, including sample extraction, chromatography, olfactometry/taste, and mass spectrometry. The key organic acids in alcoholic beverages, such as wine, Baijiu, beer, and Huangjiu, and their primary regulatory methods are discussed. Finally, future avenues for the exploration of sour flavor and organic acids by coupling machine learning, database, sensory interactions and electroencephalography are suggested. This systematic review aims to enhance understanding and serve as a reference for further in-depth studies on alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mingxin Zou
- Guizhou Tangzhuag Chinese Liquor Limited Company, Zunyi 564500, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Cui Tang
- Liupanshui Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Liupanshui 553002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hongyan Ao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Laping He
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Cen Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Zheng J, An Y, Du Y, Song Y, Zhao Q, Lu Y. Effects of short-chain fatty acids on blood glucose and lipid levels in mouse models of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107041. [PMID: 38128856 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites of gut microbiota, have been associated with lower blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic mice. However, a comprehensive summary and comparison of the effects of different SCFA interventions on blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic mice is currently unavailable. This study aims to compare and rank the effects of different types of SCFAs on blood glucose and lipid levels by collecting relevant animal research. A systematic search through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database was conducted to identify relevant studies from inception to March 17, 2023. Both pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis were used for statistical analyses. In total, 18 relevant studies involving 5 interventions were included after screening 3793 citations and 53 full-text articles. Notably, butyrate therapy (mean difference [MD] = -4.52, 95% confidence interval [-6.29, -2.75]), acetate therapy (MD = -3.12, 95% confidence interval [-5.79, -0.46]), and propionate therapy (MD = -2.96, 95% confidence interval [-5.66, -0.26]) significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels compared to the control group; butyrate therapy was probably the most effective intervention, with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 85.5%. Additionally, acetate plus propionate therapy was probably the most effective intervention for reducing total cholesterol (SUCRA = 85.8%) or triglyceride levels (SUCRA = 88.1%). These findings underscore the potential therapeutic implications of SCFAs for addressing metabolic disorders, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yage Du
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Provincial People's hospital, 29th Shuangta Temple Street, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Teyani R, Moniri NH. Gut feelings in the islets: The role of the gut microbiome and the FFA2 and FFA3 receptors for short chain fatty acids on β-cell function and metabolic regulation. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3113-3129. [PMID: 37620991 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are biosynthesized via fermentation of polysaccharides by gastrointestinal microbiota and have been shown to have wide-reaching effects on almost all tissues, including the pancreatic islets. Historically, the effects of SCFAs have been attributed to their intracellular metabolism and function as energy sources, but the discovery of free fatty acid G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the 2000s suggested that many functional outcomes of SCFAs are receptor-mediated. The SCFA receptors FFA2/GPR43 and FFA3/GPR41 are expressed on β-cells, where they regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, making them attractive targets for treatment of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Here, we provide an update on the current evidence regarding regulation of FFA2/FFA3 receptors by specific probiotic bacterial species within the gut microbiome that synthesize SCFAs. We also review the body of research regarding the FFA2- and FFA3 receptor-specific function of SCFAs on β-cells and discuss the somewhat controversial and opposing findings within these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Teyani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, USA
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Reportedly, Western-type diets may induce the loss of key microbial taxa within the gastrointestinal microbiota, promoting the onset of noncommunicable diseases. It was hypothesized that the consumption of raw vegetables could contribute to the maintenance of the intestinal microbial community structure. In this context, we explored bacteria associated with commercial rocket salads produced through different farming practices: traditional (conventional, organic, and integrated) and vertical farming. Viable counts of mesophilic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were performed on plate count agar (PCA) and de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar at pH 5.7, whereas metataxonomics through 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to profile total bacteria associated with rocket salads. We found that rocket salads from vertical farming had much fewer viable bacteria and had a bacterial community structure markedly different from that of rocket salads from traditional farming. Furthermore, although α- and β-diversity analyses did not differentiate rocket samples according to farming techniques, several bacterial taxa distinguished organic and integrated from conventional farming salads, suggesting that farming practices could affect the taxonomic composition of rocket bacterial communities. LAB were isolated from only traditional farming samples and belonged to different species, which were variably distributed among samples and could be partly associated with farming practices. Finally, the INFOGEST protocol for in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion revealed that several taxonomically different rocket-associated bacteria (particularly LAB) could survive gastrointestinal transit. This study suggests that commercial ready-to-eat rocket salads harbor live bacteria that possess the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit, potentially contributing to the taxonomic structure of the human gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Western-type diets are composed of foods with a reduced amount of naturally occurring microorganisms. It was hypothesized that a microbe-depleted diet can favor the alteration of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem, therefore contributing to the onset of chronic metabolic and immune diseases currently recognized as the most significant causes of death in the developed world. Here, we studied the microorganisms that are associated with commercial ready-to-eat rocket salads produced through different farming practices. We showed that rocket salad (a widely consumed vegetal food frequently eaten raw) may be a source of lactic acid bacteria and other microbes that can survive gastrointestinal transit, potentially increasing the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota. This deduction may be valid for virtually all vegetal foods that are consumed raw.
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Ma S, Pang X, Tian S, Sun J, Hu Q, Li X, Lu Y. The protective effects of sulforaphane on high-fat diet-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease in mice via mediating the FXR/LXRα pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:12966-12982. [PMID: 36448414 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is becoming the key factor in causing chronic liver disease all over the world. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been proven to be effective in alleviating many metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce MAFLD and given SFN (10 mg per kg bw) daily. Our results showed that SFN not only improved the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver cells but also ameliorated liver and serum inflammatory and antioxidant levels. In addition, SFN can regulate bile-acid metabolism and fatty-acid synthesis by affecting their farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating MAFLD. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism by which SFN alleviates hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qiaobin Hu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Jiang X, Sun B, Zhou Z. Preclinical Studies of Natural Products Targeting the Gut Microbiota: Beneficial Effects on Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8569-8581. [PMID: 35816090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, with a continuously increasing morbidity and mortality. Although traditional treatments including insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range to a certain extent, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs that can effectively improve glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications. Notably, accumulated evidence implicates that the gut microbiota is unbalanced in DM individuals and is involved in the physiological and pathological processes of this metabolic disease. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contributes to the development of DM. Furthermore, we summarize the preclinical studies of bioactive natural products that exert antidiabetic effects by modulating the gut microbiota, aiming to expand the novel therapeutic strategies for DM prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Jiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Boyu Sun
- The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Guerra LS, Cevallos-Cevallos JM, Weckx S, Ruales J. Traditional Fermented Foods from Ecuador: A Review with a Focus on Microbial Diversity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131854. [PMID: 35804670 PMCID: PMC9265738 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of early civilizations was greatly associated with populations’ ability to exploit natural resources. The development of methods for food preservation was one of the pillars for the economy of early societies. In Ecuador, food fermentation significantly contributed to social advances and fermented foods were considered exclusive to the elite or for religious ceremonies. With the advancement of the scientific research on bioprocesses, together with the implementation of novel sequencing tools for the accurate identification of microorganisms, potential health benefits and the formation of flavor and aroma compounds in fermented foods are progressively being described. This review focuses on describing traditional fermented foods from Ecuador, including cacao and coffee as well as less popular fermented foods. It is important to provide new knowledge associated with nutritional and health benefits of the traditional fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Santiago Guerra
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Quito 170517, Ecuador;
| | - Juan Manuel Cevallos-Cevallos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090112, Ecuador;
| | - Stefan Weckx
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jenny Ruales
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Quito 170517, Ecuador;
- Correspondence:
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WITHDRAWN: Analysis of intestinal short-chain fatty acid metabolism profile after probiotics and GLP-1 treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Evidence and possible mechanisms of probiotics in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1081-1094. [PMID: 35673472 PMCID: PMC9167374 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic immune-mediated diseases. The prevalence is worldwide especially among children and young adults. The destruction of the pancreatic β-cells due to some abnormalities in the immune system characterizes T1DM. Considering the high burden of the disease and its impact on human health, researchers have made great efforts during the last decades; investigating the disease pathogenesis and discovering new strategies for its management. Fortunately, probiotics have been found as potential remedies for T1DM. This review aims to explore the potentialities of probiotics in managing T1DM and its complications. Based on the outcomes of human and animal studies carried out from 2016 to 2021, the review hopes to assess the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of T1DM and its complications. We first tried to explain the disease's pathogenesis, and highlighted the possible mechanisms involved in these potentialities of probiotics. We concluded that, probiotics can be used as possible therapeutic tools for the management of T1DM. Possible mechanisms of action of probiotics include; the modulation of the gut microbiota, the regulation of inflammation-related cytokines, the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the regulation of GLP-1. However, we recommend further studies especially human trials should be carried out to investigate these potentialities of probiotics. Highlights • T1DM is highly prevalent worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality especially among children and young adults• Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of T1DM via an interconnection with the immune system• Probiotics can be used as possible therapeutic tools for the management of T1DM• Possible mechanisms of action of probiotics include the modulation of the gut microbiota, the regulation of inflammation-related cytokines, the production of SCFAs, and the regulation of GLP-1.
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Min Q, Wang Y, Jin T, Zhu L, Wu X, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu N. Analysis of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism Profile After Probiotics and GLP-1 Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892127. [PMID: 35846273 PMCID: PMC9280620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of diabetes patients, and the incidence of diabetes is on the rise as people's lifestyles change. Compared with GLP-1 treatment, probiotic treatment can directly regulate homeostasis of the host gut microbe, and thus homeostasis of its metabolites. Currently, the regulatory role of probiotics on intestinal metabolites after treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of probiotics on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its regulatory effect on short-chain fatty acids, which are metabolites of intestinal microorganisms. I collected feces from 15 patients with diabetes before treatment and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes after treatment with GLP-1 and probiotics. The abundance of short-chain fatty acids in feces was determined by GC-MS. Results Both GLP-1 and probiotics could improve the levels of blood glucose, urine glucose and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes. After glP-1 treatment, two short-chain fatty acids (butyric acid and valerate acid) in intestine were significantly changed. Propionic acid and isovalerate were significantly changed after probiotic treatment. At the same time, KEGG signal pathway enrichment results showed that probiotics intervention mainly achieved the purpose of treating type 2 diabetes through regulating protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Taken together, our study shows changes in intestinal short-chain fatty acids after probiotics or GLP-1 treatment of type 2 diabetes, which will provide us with new insights into the mechanism of probiotics treatment of type 2 diabetes, as well as potential intervention targets for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Min
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | | | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - XianYan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - YiKun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - YanJiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
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Bridgeman S, Ellison G, Newsholme P, Mamotte C. The HDAC Inhibitor Butyrate Impairs β Cell Function and Activates the Disallowed Gene Hexokinase I. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413330. [PMID: 34948127 PMCID: PMC8705743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors such as butyrate have been reported to reduce diabetes risk and protect insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells in animal models. However, studies on insulin-secreting cells in vitro have found that butyrate treatment resulted in impaired or inappropriate insulin secretion. Our study explores the effects of butyrate on insulin secretion by BRIN BD-11 rat pancreatic β cells and examined effects on the expression of genes implicated in β cell function. Robust HDAC inhibition with 5 mM butyrate or trichostatin A for 24 h in β cells decreased basal insulin secretion and content, as well as insulin secretion in response to acute stimulation. Treatment with butyrate also increased expression of the disallowed gene hexokinase I, possibly explaining the impairment to insulin secretion, and of TXNIP, which may increase oxidative stress and β cell apoptosis. In contrast to robust HDAC inhibition (>70% after 24 h), low-dose and acute high-dose treatment with butyrate enhanced nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. In conclusion, although protective effects of HDAC inhibition have been observed in vivo, potent HDAC inhibition impairs β cell function in vitro. The chronic low dose and acute high dose butyrate treatments may be more reflective of in vivo effects.
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Zhao F, Jin H, Shen X, Li Q, Liu X, Zhang L, Sun Z, Yu J. Effect of the administration of probiotics on the fecal microbiota of adult individuals. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6471-6479. [PMID: 34925778 PMCID: PMC8645741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been used to ameliorate ailments by modulating gut microbiota. However, to date, the effects of probiotic supplementation on the composition of fecal microbiota in healthy adults remain obscure. In this study, nine healthy volunteers were recruited to take probiotics (a mixture of Lactobacillus casei Zhang, L. plantarum P-8, and Bifidobacterium lactis V9, 2:2:3, 1 × 1010 CFU/day) for 28 days. The fecal samples were collected at 0 and 28 days, and V4 of the 16S rRNA gene sequenced by Illumina MiSeq was used to analyze the fecal microbiota. The enterotype has been used to characterize the composition of gut microbiota. Nine adults were divided into Type P (fecal microbiota dominated by Prevotella, 4 adults) and Type B (fecal microbiota dominated by Bacteroides, 5 adults) based on an enterotype analysis. The responses of variation had been found in two enterotypes. The α-diversity was not changed significantly after the administration of probiotics in both Type P and B. However, the community structure in Type B was substantially influenced. After the administration of probiotics, Weissella and Leuconostoc were significantly higher in Type P, while Collinsella significantly increased in Type B. The different pathways involving pathogen infections were downregulated at 28 days. The Type VI secretion system and the EHEC/EPEC pathogenicity signature were downregulated in Type B and Type P, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Hao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Dairy Products ProcessingInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
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Pham MT, Yang AJ, Kao MS, Gankhuyag U, Zayabaatar E, Jin SLC, Huang CM. Gut probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates PDE4B-mediated interleukin-6 induced by SARS-CoV-2 membrane glycoprotein. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108821. [PMID: 34271099 PMCID: PMC8277543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane glycoprotein is the most abundant protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but its role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully characterized. Mice intranasally inoculated with membrane glycoprotein substantially increased the interleukin (IL)-6, a hallmark of the cytokine storm, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), compared to mice inoculated with green fluorescent protein (GFP). The high level of IL-6 induced by membrane glycoprotein was significantly diminished in phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4B) knockout mice, demonstrating the essential role of PDE4B in IL-6 signaling. Mycelium fermentation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) EH8 strain yielded butyric acid, which can down-regulate the PDE4B expression and IL-6 secretion in macrophages. Feeding mice with mycelia increased the relative abundance of commensal L. rhamnosus. Two-week supplementation of mice with L. rhamnosus plus mycelia considerably decreased membrane glycoprotein-induced PDE4B expression and IL-6 secretion. The probiotic activity of L. rhamnosus plus mycelia against membrane glycoprotein was abolished in mice treated with GLPG-0974, an antagonist of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2). Activation of Ffar2 in the gut-lung axis for down-regulation of the PDE4B-IL-6 signalling may provide targets for development of modalities including probiotics for treatment of the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tan Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Albert Jackson Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shan Kao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Uuganbayar Gankhuyag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Enkhbat Zayabaatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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15
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Role of Postbiotics in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071590. [PMID: 34359462 PMCID: PMC8306164 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the gastrointestinal microbiota has been recognised as being essential for health. Indeed, several publications have documented the suitability of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in the management of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Advances in laboratory techniques have allowed the identification and characterisation of new biologically active molecules, referred to as “postbiotics”. Postbiotics are defined as functional bioactive compounds obtained from food-grade microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They include cell structures, secreted molecules or metabolic by-products, and inanimate microorganisms. This heterogeneous group of molecules presents a broad range of mechanisms and may exhibit some advantages over traditional “biotics” such as probiotics and prebiotics. Owing to the growing incidence of DM worldwide and the implications of the microbiota in the disease progression, postbiotics appear to be good candidates as novel therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge about postbiotic compounds and their potential application in diabetes management. Additionally, we envision future perspectives on this topic. In summary, the results indicate that postbiotics hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for DM.
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16
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Lee S, You H, Lee M, Kim D, Jung S, Park Y, Hyun S. Different Reactions in Each Enterotype Depending on the Intake of Probiotic Yogurt Powder. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1277. [PMID: 34208176 PMCID: PMC8230767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve gut homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the intestinal microbiota profile of 18 subjects after ingestion of probiotic yogurt powder (PYP) based on enterotype. The subjects were classified into three enterotypes according to their microbial community: Bacteroides (n = 9, type B), Prevotella (n = 3, type P), and Ruminococcus (n = 6, type R). We performed controlled termination in a transient series that included a control period of three weeks before probiotic intake, PYP intake for three weeks, and a three-week washout period. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 super variable region of 16S rRNA. Based on the Bristol stool shape scale, abnormal stool shape improved with PYP intake, and bowel movements were activated. The abundance of Faecalibacterium, Eggerthella, and Leuconostoc, which ferment and metabolize glucose, showed a strong correlation with type B Bacteroides, and glucose metabolism improvement was observed in all type B subjects. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly improved only in type B. In addition, the abundance of type B Bacteroides showed a negative correlation with that of Lactobacillus. The abundance of Streptococcus, Agathobacter, and Christensenella, which are involved in lipid metabolism, showed a strong correlation with that of type P Prevotella, and triglyceride metabolism improvement was observed in all type P subjects. The gut microbiota showed only short-term changes after PYP intake and showed resilience by returning to its original state when PYP intake was interrupted. In summary, the different responses to PYP intake may result from the different enterotypes and associated strains; therefore, the probiotic composition should be adjusted based on the individual enterotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Heesang You
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Service, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Sansung daero 553, Seongnam-si 13135, Korea;
| | - Doojin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Sansung daero 553, Seongnam-si 13135, Korea;
| | - Sunghee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Dunsan-seo 95, Daejeon-si 35233, Korea;
| | - Youngsook Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Hangeul Biseok-ro 68, Seoul 01830, Korea;
| | - Sunghee Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
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17
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Pham MT, Yang JJ, Balasubramaniam A, Rahim AR, Adi P, Do TTM, Herr DR, Huang CM. Leuconostoc mesenteroides mediates an electrogenic pathway to attenuate the accumulation of abdominal fat mass induced by high fat diet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21916. [PMID: 33318546 PMCID: PMC7736347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several electrogenic bacteria have been identified, the physiological effect of electricity generated by bacteria on host health remains elusive. We found that probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) can metabolize linoleic acid to yield electricity via an intracellular cyclophilin A-dependent pathway. Inhibition of cyclophilin A significantly abolished bacterial electricity and lowered the adhesion of L. mesenteroides to the human gut epithelial cell line. Butyrate from L. mesenteroides in the presence of linoleic acid were detectable and mediated free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) to reduce the lipid contents in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oral administration of L. mesenteroides plus linoleic acid remarkably reduced high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) biomarker, and decreased abdominal fat mass in mice. The reduction of 4-HNE and abdominal fat mass was reversed when cyclophilin A inhibitor-pretreated bacteria were administered to mice. Our studies present a novel mechanism of reducing abdominal fat mass by electrogenic L. mesenteroides which may yield electrons to enhance colonization and sustain high amounts of butyrate to limit ROS during adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tan Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - John Jackson Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Adelia Riezka Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Prakoso Adi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Thi Tra My Do
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Deron Raymond Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
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18
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Chen X, Daliri EBM, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Isolation and Identification of Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated with Dental Caries in Human Teeth Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1596. [PMID: 33081291 PMCID: PMC7603000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is attributed to the predominance of cariogenic microorganisms. Cariogenic microorganisms are pathological factors leading to acidification of the oral microenvironment, which is related to the initiation and progression of caries. The accepted cariogenic microorganism is Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, studies have found that caries could occur in the absence of S. mutans. This study aimed to assess the presence of potentially cariogenic microorganisms in human teeth biofilm. The microorganisms were isolated from human mouth and freshly extracted human maxillary incisors extracted for reasons of caries. The isolates were sorted based on their acidogenic and aciduric properties, and the S. mutans was used as the reference strain. Four potentially cariogenic strains were selected. The selected strains were identified as Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides), and Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei) through morphological analysis followed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The cariogenicity of isolates was analyzed. We show, for the first time, an association between L. sakei (present in fermented food) and dental caries. The data provide useful information on the role of lactic acid bacteria from fermented foods and oral commensal streptococci in dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
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19
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Yang JJ, Rahim AR, Yang AJ, Chuang TH, Huang CM. Production of electricity and reduction of high-fat diet-induced IL-6 by glucose fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:651-656. [PMID: 33008603 PMCID: PMC7525268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrogenic bacteria can mediate electron transfer to conserve energy and promote growth. To examine bacterial electrogenicity, an L. mesenteroides EH-1 strain was cultured in rich media in the presence and absence of 2% glucose. After 12 h incubation, glucose triggered fermentation of L. mesenteroides EH-1 to produce >10 mmol/l acetate and elicit electricity measured by voltage changes. The electricity production was mediated by glucose fermentation since pre-treatment of L. mesenteroides EH-1 with furfural, a fermentation inhibitor, completely diminished the voltage increases. The deficiency of furfural pre-treated L. mesenteroides EH-1 in electricity production can be restored by the external addition of acetate into the bacterial culture, suggesting the function of acetate as an electron donor. Oral administration of HFD-fed mice with L. mesenteroides EH-1 in the presence or absence of glucose significantly attenuated the high level of pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine in blood. Bacterial electricity can be elicited by fermentation. Supplementation of fermenting and electrogenic L. mesenteroides EH-1 may provide a novel approach for the reduction of pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine that increased in chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adelia Riezka Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Albert Jackson Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.
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20
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Yang JJ, Pham MT, Rahim AR, Chuang TH, Hsieh MF, Huang CM. Mouse Abdominal Fat Depots Reduced by Butyric Acid-Producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1180. [PMID: 32756446 PMCID: PMC7465043 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated rece ptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is known to induce the differentiation of adipocytes. This study aimed to investigate the probiotic effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced PPAR-γ activation and abdominal fat depots. Incubation of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with media of L. mesenteroides EH-1, a butyric acid-producing strain, significantly reduced the amounts of lipid droplets. The oral administration of L. mesenteroides EH-1 produced large amounts (>1 mM) of butyric acid in cecum and attenuated the HFD-induced upregulation of PPAR-γ and accumulation of abdominal fats in mice. The combination of 2% glucose with L. mesenteroides EH-1 increased the production of butyric acid and potentiated the probiotic activity of L. mesenteroides EH-1 against the formation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as abdominal fats in HFD-fed mice. The inhibition of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) by its antagonist, GLPG-0974, markedly diminished the probiotic effects of L. mesenteroides EH-1 plus glucose on the suppression of HFD-induced PPAR-γ and abdominal fats. Besides demonstrating the probiotic value of L. mesenteroides EH-1, our results highlight the possible therapy targeting the butyric acid-activated Ffar2 pathway to reduce abdominal fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jackson Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan;
| | - Minh Tan Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (M.T.P.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Adelia Riezka Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (M.T.P.); (A.R.R.)
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (M.T.P.); (A.R.R.)
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21
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Bolognini D, Dedeo D, Milligan G. Metabolic and inflammatory functions of short-chain fatty acid receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16:1-9. [PMID: 32835130 PMCID: PMC7332907 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
FFA2 and FFA3 are receptors for short-chain fatty acids which are produced in prodigious amounts by fermentation of poorly digested carbohydrates by gut bacteria. Understanding the roles of these receptors in regulating enteroendocrine, metabolic and immune functions has developed with the production and use of novel pharmacological tools and animal models. A complex (patho)physiological scenario is now emerging in which strategic expression of FFA2 and FFA3 in key cell types and selective modulation of their signalling might regulate body weight management, energy homoeostasis and inflammatory disorders.
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Key Words
- ALDH1A2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member
- BAFF, B-cell activating factor
- CMTB, 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-N-2-thiazolylbenzeneacetamide
- DREADD, Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug
- Enteroendocrine
- FFA2
- FFA3
- G protein–coupled receptors
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- GSIS, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HFD, high-fat diet
- ILC3, type 3 innate lymphoid cell
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Immune cells
- KO, knock-out
- PA, (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-N-(5-phenylthiazol-2-yl)butanamide
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- PYY, peptide YY
- Pancreas
- SCA, small carboxylic acid
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
- SCG, superior cervical ganglion
- Short-chain fatty acids
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bolognini
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Domonkos Dedeo
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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