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Onuzulu CD, Lee S, Basu S, Comte J, Hai Y, Hizon N, Chadha S, Fauni MS, Halayko AJ, Pascoe CD, Jones MJ. Novel DNA methylation changes in mouse lungs associated with chronic smoking. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2322386. [PMID: 38436597 PMCID: PMC10913724 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2322386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a potent cause of asthma exacerbations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and many other health defects, and changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) have been identified as a potential link between smoking and these health outcomes. However, most studies of smoking and DNAm have been done using blood and other easily accessible tissues in humans, while evidence from more directly affected tissues such as the lungs is lacking. Here, we identified DNAm patterns in the lungs that are altered by smoking. We used an established mouse model to measure the effects of chronic smoke exposure first on lung phenotype immediately after smoking and then after a period of smoking cessation. Next, we determined whether our mouse model recapitulates previous DNAm patterns observed in smoking humans, specifically measuring DNAm at a candidate gene responsive to cigarette smoke, Cyp1a1. Finally, we carried out epigenome-wide DNAm analyses using the newly released Illumina mouse methylation microarrays. Our results recapitulate some of the phenotypes and DNAm patterns observed in human studies but reveal 32 differentially methylated genes specific to the lungs which have not been previously associated with smoking. The affected genes are associated with nicotine dependency, tumorigenesis and metastasis, immune cell dysfunction, lung function decline, and COPD. This research emphasizes the need to study CS-mediated DNAm signatures in directly affected tissues like the lungs, to fully understand mechanisms underlying CS-mediated health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonye Doris Onuzulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Samantha Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeannette Comte
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikho Hizon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shivam Chadha
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria Shenna Fauni
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christopher D. Pascoe
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Meaghan J. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Li B, Li X, Jiang Z, Zhou D, Feng Y, Chen G, Li N. LncRNA XIST modulates miR-328-3p ectopic expression in lung injury induced by tobacco-specific lung carcinogen NNK both in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2509-2527. [PMID: 38589338 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is well acknowledged that tobacco-derived lung carcinogens can induce lung injury and even lung cancer through a complex mechanism. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are differentially expressed in tobacco-derived carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-treated A/J mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RNA sequencing was used to detect the level of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Murine and human lung normal and cancer cells were used to evaluate the function of lncRNA XIST and miR-328-3p in vitro, and NNK-treated A/J mice were used to test their function in vivo. In vivo levels of miR-328-3p and lncRNA XIST were analysed, using in situ hybridization. miR-328-3p agomir and lncRNA XIST-specific siRNA were used to manipulate in vivo levels of miR-328-3p and lncRNA XIST in A/J mice. KEY RESULTS LncRNA XIST was up-regulated in NNK-induced lung injury and dominated the NNK-induced ectopic miRNA expression in NNK-induced lung injury both in vitro and in vivo. Either lncRNA XIST silencing or miR-328-3p overexpression exerted opposing effects in lung normal and cancer cells regarding cell migration. LncRNA XIST down-regulated miR-328-3p levels as a miRNA sponge, and miR-328-3p targeted the 3'-UTR of FZD7 mRNA, which is ectopically overexpressed in lung cancer patients. Both in vivo lncRNA XIST silencing and miR-328 overexpression could rescue NNK-induced lung injury and aberrant overexpression of the lung cancer biomarker CK19 in NNK-treated A/J mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results highlight the promotive effect of lncRNA XIST in NNK-induced lung injury and elucidate its post-transcriptional mechanisms, indicating that targeting lncRNA XIST/miR-328-3p could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent tobacco carcinogen-induced lung injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Department of PIVAS, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Department of PIVAS, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Tsolakos N, Haswell LE, Miazzi F, Bishop E, Antoranz A, Pliaka V, Minia A, Alexopoulos LG, Gaca M, Breheny D. Comparative toxicological assessment of cigarettes and new category products via an in vitro multiplex proteomics platform. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:492-501. [PMID: 38774478 PMCID: PMC11106783 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Alternative nicotine products with reduced risk potential (RRPs) including tobacco heating products (THPs), and e-cigarettes have recently emerged as viable alternatives to cigarettes that may contribute to the overall strategy of tobacco harm reduction due to the significantly lower levels of toxicants in these products' emissions as compared to cigarette smoke. Assessing the effects of RRPs on biological responses is important to demonstrate the potential value of RRPs towards tobacco harm reduction. Here, we evaluated the inflammatory and signaling responses of human lung epithelial cells to aqueous aerosol extracts (AqE) generated from the 1R6F reference cigarette, the glo™ THP, and the Vype ePen 3.0 e-cigarette using multiplex analysis of 37 inflammatory and phosphoprotein markers. Cellular exposure to the different RRPs and 1R6F AqEs resulted in distinct response profiles with 1R6F being the most biologically active followed by glo™ and ePen 3.0. 1R6F activated stress-related and pro-survival markers c-JUN, CREB1, p38 MAPK and MEK1 and led to the release of IL-1α. glo™ activated MEK1 and decreased IL-1β levels, whilst ePen 3.0 affected IL-1β levels but had no effect on the signaling activity compared to untreated cells. Our results demonstrated the reduced biological effect of RRPs and suggest that targeted analysis of inflammatory and cell signaling mediators is a valuable tool for the routine assessment of RRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linsey E. Haswell
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Fabio Miazzi
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Emma Bishop
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | | | - Vaia Pliaka
- Protavio Ltd, Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
| | | | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- Protavio Ltd, Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15373, Greece
| | - Marianna Gaca
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Damien Breheny
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK
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Ba Y, Gu X. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing data to reveal a correlation between smoking and neutrophil activation in esophageal carcinoma patients. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38700434 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is considered as a major risk factor for esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) patients. Neutrophil activation plays a key role in cancer development and progression. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and neutrophils in ESCA patients remained unclear. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing data were obtained from public databases. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) was used to perform downscaling and clustering based on scRNA-seq data. The module genes associated with smoking in ESCA patients were filtered by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Using the "AUCell" package, the enrichment of different cell subpopulations and gene collections were assessed. "CellChat" and "CellphoneDB" were used to infer the probability and significance of ligand-receptor interactions between different cell subpopulations. RESULTS WGCNA was performed to screened module genes associated with smoking in ESCA patients from MEdarkquosie, MEturquoise, and MEgreenyellow. Next, eight cell clusters were identified, and using the AUCell score, we determined that neutrophil clusters were more active in the gene modules associated with smoking in ESCA patients. Two neutrophil subtypes, Neutrophils 1 and Neutrophils 2, exhibited greater enrichment in inflammatory response regulation, intercellular adhesion, and regulation of T cell activation. Furthermore, we found that neutrophils may pass through AMPT-(ITGA5 + ITGB1) and ICAM1-AREG in order to promote the development of ESCA, and that the expression levels of the receptor genes insulin-degrading enzyme and ITGB1 were significantly and positively correlated with cigarette smoking per day. CONCLUSION Combining smoking-related gene modules and scRNA-seq, the current findings revealed the heterogeneity of neutrophils in ESCA and a tumor-promoting role of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment of smoking ESCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhuan Ba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Central Hospital, the Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Antonucci L, Karin M. The Past and Future of Inflammation as a Target to Cancer Prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:141-155. [PMID: 38271694 PMCID: PMC10987280 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential defense mechanism in which innate immune cells are coordinately activated on encounter of harmful stimuli, including pathogens, tissue injury, and toxic compounds and metabolites to neutralize and eliminate the instigator and initiate healing and regeneration. Properly terminated inflammation is vital to health, but uncontrolled runaway inflammation that becomes chronic begets a variety of inflammatory and metabolic diseases and increases cancer risk. Making damaged tissues behave as "wounds that do not heal" and sustaining the production of growth factors whose physiologic function is tissue healing, chronic inflammation accelerates cancer emergence from premalignant lesions. In 1863, Rudolf Virchow, a leading German pathologist, suggested a possible association between inflammation and tumor formation, but it took another 140 years to fully elucidate and appreciate the tumorigenic role of inflammation. Key findings outlined molecular events in the inflammatory cascade that promote cancer onset and progression and enabled a better appreciation of when and where inflammation should be inhibited. These efforts triggered ongoing research work to discover and develop inflammation-reducing chemopreventive strategies for decreasing cancer risk and incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Antonucci
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Yang K, Li S, Ding Y, Meng X, Zhang C, Sun X. Effect of smoking-related features and 731 immune cell phenotypes on esophageal cancer: a two-sample and mediated Mendelian randomized study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336817. [PMID: 38601154 PMCID: PMC11004242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous observational studies have indicated that smoking is a substantial risk factor for esophageal cancer. However, there is a shortage of research that delves into the specific causal relationship and potential mediators between the two. Our study aims to validate the correlation between smoking-related traits and esophageal cancer while exploring the possible mediating effects of immune factors. Methods Initially, we conducted bidirectional univariate Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to forecast the causal effects linking smoking-related traits and esophageal cancer. Subsequently, we employed a two-step MR analysis to scrutinize immune cell phenotypes that could mediate these effects. Finally, the coefficient product method was employed to determine the precise mediating impact. Additionally, we have refined our sensitivity analysis to ensure the reliability of the outcomes. Results After analysis, Smoking status: Never had a significant negative association with the incidence of esophageal cancer (inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, p=1.82e-05, OR=0.10, 95%CI=0.04~0.29). Ever smoked (IVW, p=1.49e-02, OR=4.31, 95%CI=1.33~13.94) and Current tobacco smoking (IVW, p=1.49e-02, OR=4.31, 95%CI=1.33~13.94) showed the promoting effect on the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Through further examination, researchers discovered 21 immune cell phenotypes that have a causal relationship with esophageal cancer. After careful screening, two immune cell phenotypes were found to have potential mediating effects. In particular, it was observed that in the case of the preventive effect of Smoking status: Never on esophageal cancer, the absolute count of CD62L plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediated a reduction of 4.21%, while the mediating effect of CD27 in CD20-CD38-B cells was -4.12%. In addition, sensitivity analyses did not reveal significant heterogeneity or level pleiotropy. Conclusion The study provides new evidence for the causal relationship between smoking-related features and esophageal cancer and proposes immune factors with potential mediating effects. However, this finding needs to be further demonstrated by more extensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiujing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
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Rico MC, Perez-Leal O, Barbe MF, Amin M, Colussi DJ, Florez ML, Olusajo V, Rios DS, Barrero CA. Extracellular Acetylated Histone 3.3 Induces Inflammation and Lung Tissue Damage. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1334. [PMID: 37759735 PMCID: PMC10527259 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular histones, part of the protein group known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released from damaged or dying cells and can instigate cellular toxicity. Within the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is an observed abundance of extracellular histone H3.3, indicating potential pathogenic implications. Notably, histone H3.3 is often found hyperacetylated (AcH3.3) in the lungs of COPD patients. Despite these observations, the specific role of these acetylated histones in inducing pulmonary tissue damage in COPD remains unclear. To investigate AcH3.3's impact on lung tissue, we administered recombinant histones (rH2A, rH3.3, and rAcH3.3) or vehicle solution to mice via intratracheal instillation. After 48 h, we evaluated the lung toxicity damage and found that the rAcH3.3 treated animals exhibited more severe lung tissue damage compared to those treated with non-acetylated H3.3 and controls. The rAcH3.3 instillation resulted in significant histological changes, including alveolar wall rupture, epithelial cell damage, and immune cell infiltration. Micro-CT analysis confirmed macroscopic structural changes. The rAcH3.3 instillation also increased apoptotic activity (cleavage of caspase 3 and 9) and triggered acute systemic inflammatory marker activation (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-3, or CXCL-1) in plasma, accompanied by leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Confocal imaging analysis confirmed lymphocytic and monocytic/macrophage lung infiltration in response to H3.3 and AcH3.3 administration. Taken together, our findings implicate extracellular AcH3.3 in inducing cytotoxicity and acute inflammatory responses, suggesting its potential role in promoting COPD-related lung damage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Rico
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.C.R.); (O.P.-L.); (D.J.C.); (M.L.F.); (V.O.)
| | - Oscar Perez-Leal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.C.R.); (O.P.-L.); (D.J.C.); (M.L.F.); (V.O.)
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.F.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Mamta Amin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.F.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Dennis J. Colussi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.C.R.); (O.P.-L.); (D.J.C.); (M.L.F.); (V.O.)
| | - Magda L. Florez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.C.R.); (O.P.-L.); (D.J.C.); (M.L.F.); (V.O.)
| | - Victor Olusajo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.C.R.); (O.P.-L.); (D.J.C.); (M.L.F.); (V.O.)
| | | | - Carlos A. Barrero
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.C.R.); (O.P.-L.); (D.J.C.); (M.L.F.); (V.O.)
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Falcon RMG, Caoili SEC. Immunologic, genetic, and ecological interplay of factors involved in allergic diseases. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1215616. [PMID: 37601647 PMCID: PMC10435091 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1215616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An allergic or type I hypersensitivity reaction involves a misdirected immune overreaction to innocuous environmental and dietary antigens called allergens. The genetic predisposition to allergic disease, referred to as atopy, can be expressed as a variety of manifestations-e.g., allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, anaphylaxis. Globally, allergic diseases are one the most common types of chronic conditions. Several factors have been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of the disease, leading to distinctively variable clinical symptoms. The factors which can attenuate or exacerbate allergic reactions can range from genetic heterozygosity, the prominence of various comorbid infections, and other factors such as pollution, climate, and interactions with other organisms and organism-derived products, and the surrounding environment. As a result, the effective prevention and control of allergies remains to be one of the most prominent public health problems. Therefore, to contextualize the current knowledge about allergic reactions, this review paper attempts to synthesize different aspects of an allergic response to describe its significance in the global health scheme. Specifically, the review shall characterize the biomolecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of the disease based on underlying disease theories and current findings on ecologic interactions and describe prevention and control strategies being utilized. An integrated perspective that considers the underlying genetic, immunologic, and ecologic aspects of the disease would enable the development of more effective and targeted diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for the management and control of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbi Miguel G. Falcon
- Biomedical Innovations Research for Translational Health Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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Shi ZD, Han XX, Song ZJ, Dong Y, Pang K, Wang XL, Liu XY, Lu H, Xu GZ, Hao L, Dong BZ, Liang Q, Wu XK, Han CH. Integrative multi-omics analysis depicts the methylome and hydroxymethylome in recurrent bladder cancers and identifies biomarkers for predicting PD-L1 expression. Biomark Res 2023; 11:47. [PMID: 37138354 PMCID: PMC10155358 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common malignancy of the urinary tract; however, the mechanism underlying its high recurrence and responses to immunotherapy remains unclear, making clinical outcome predictions difficult. Epigenetic alterations, especially DNA methylation, play important roles in bladder cancer development and are increasingly being investigated as biomarkers for diagnostic or prognostic predictions. However, little is known about hydroxymethylation since previous studies based on bisulfite-sequencing approaches could not differentiate between 5mC and 5hmC signals, resulting in entangled methylation results. METHODS Tissue samples of bladder cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC), partial cystectomy (PC), or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) were collected. We utilized a multi-omics approach to analyze both primary and recurrent bladder cancer samples. By integrating various techniques including RNA sequencing, oxidative reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (oxRRBS), reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), and whole exome sequencing, a comprehensive analysis of the genome, transcriptome, methylome, and hydroxymethylome landscape of these cancers was possible. RESULTS By whole exome sequencing, we identified driver mutations involved in the development of UBC, including those in FGFR3, KDMTA, and KDMT2C. However, few of these driver mutations were associated with the down-regulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or recurrence in UBC. By integrating RRBS and oxRRBS data, we identified fatty acid oxidation-related genes significantly enriched in 5hmC-associated transcription alterations in recurrent bladder cancers. We also observed a series of 5mC hypo differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the gene body of NFATC1, which is highly involved in T-cell immune responses in bladder cancer samples with high expression of PD-L1. Since 5mC and 5hmC alternations are globally anti-correlated, RRBS-seq-based markers that combine the 5mC and 5hmC signals, attenuate cancer-related signals, and therefore, are not optimal as clinical biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS By multi-omics profiling of UBC samples, we showed that epigenetic alternations are more involved compared to genetic mutations in the PD-L1 regulation and recurrence of UBC. As proof of principle, we demonstrated that the combined measurement of 5mC and 5hmC levels by the bisulfite-based method compromises the prediction accuracy of epigenetic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 82 Zhongshan Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Han
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jian Song
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 82 Zhongshan Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Xu
- Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 82 Zhongshan Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Zheng Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 82 Zhongshan Road, Xiangfang DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Harbin City, China.
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Heilongjiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ovary Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chineses Medicine, 26 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 82 Zhongshan Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Tan SYX, Zhang J, Tee WW. Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling and Inflammation-Induced Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931493. [PMID: 35757000 PMCID: PMC9213816 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics comprise a diverse array of reversible and dynamic modifications to the cell’s genome without implicating any DNA sequence alterations. Both the external environment surrounding the organism, as well as the internal microenvironment of cells and tissues, contribute to these epigenetic processes that play critical roles in cell fate specification and organismal development. On the other hand, dysregulation of epigenetic activities can initiate and sustain carcinogenesis, which is often augmented by inflammation. Chronic inflammation, one of the major hallmarks of cancer, stems from proinflammatory cytokines that are secreted by tumor and tumor-associated cells in the tumor microenvironment. At the same time, inflammatory signaling can establish positive and negative feedback circuits with chromatin to modulate changes in the global epigenetic landscape. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of the interconnected crosstalk between epigenetics and inflammation, specifically how epigenetic mechanisms at different hierarchical levels of the genome control inflammatory gene transcription, which in turn enact changes within the cell’s epigenomic profile, especially in the context of inflammation-induced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Ying Xuan Tan
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Wei Tee
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Besaratinia A, Caceres A, Tommasi S. DNA Hydroxymethylation in Smoking-Associated Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2657. [PMID: 35269796 PMCID: PMC8910185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was first detected in mammalian DNA five decades ago. However, it did not take center stage in the field of epigenetics until 2009, when ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) was found to oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hmC, thus offering a long-awaited mechanism for active DNA demethylation. Since then, a remarkable body of research has implicated DNA hydroxymethylation in pluripotency, differentiation, neural system development, aging, and pathogenesis of numerous diseases, especially cancer. Here, we focus on DNA hydroxymethylation in smoking-associated carcinogenesis to highlight the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic potentials of this epigenetic mark. We describe the significance of 5-hmC in DNA demethylation, the importance of substrates and cofactors in TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation, the regulation of TETs and related genes (isocitrate dehydrogenases, fumarate hydratase, and succinate dehydrogenase), the cell-type dependency and genomic distribution of 5-hmC, and the functional role of 5-hmC in the epigenetic regulation of transcription. We showcase examples of studies on three major smoking-associated cancers, including lung, bladder, and colorectal cancers, to summarize the current state of knowledge, outstanding questions, and future direction in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.C.); (S.T.)
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12
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Epigenetic Regulation: A Link between Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051221. [PMID: 35267528 PMCID: PMC8908969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetics encompasses all the modifications that occur within cells that are independent of gene mutations. The environment is the main influencer of these alterations. It is well known that a proinflammatory environment can promote and sustain the carcinogenic process and that this environment induces epigenetic alterations. In this review, we will report how a proinflammatory microenvironment that encircles the tumor core can be responsible for the induction of epigenetic drift. Abstract Epigenetics encompasses a group of dynamic, reversible, and heritable modifications that occur within cells that are independent of gene mutations. These alterations are highly influenced by the environment, from the environment that surrounds the human being to the internal microenvironments located within tissues and cells. The ways that pigenetic modifications promote the initiation of the tumorigenic process have been widely demonstrated. Similarly, it is well known that carcinogenesis is supported and prompted by a strong proinflammatory environment. In this review, we introduce our report of a proinflammatory microenvironment that encircles the tumor core but can be responsible for the induction of epigenetic drift. At the same time, cancer cells can alter their epigenetic profile to generate a positive loop in the promotion of the inflammatory process. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the epigenetic networks between the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells might highlight new targetable mechanisms that could prevent tumor progression.
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13
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Wang G, Pan C, Cao K, Zhang J, Geng H, Wu K, Wen J, Liu C. Impacts of Cigarette Smoking on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:413-425. [PMID: 35069891 PMCID: PMC8771511 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cigarette smoking is a carcinogenic factor for esophageal cancer and evidence also indicates its effects on tumor microenvironment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: In our study, we demonstrated nine immune infiltrating cells and markers in non-smokers and smokers of 189 non-drinking ESCC patients with multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mflHC) staining and multispectral imaging. The impacts of cigarette smoking on tumor microenvironment and patient prognosis were also analyzed. Results: Among 189 ESCC patients of non-drinker, 86 patients was current smokers, while 34 males and 59 females were non-smokers and 10 former-smokers. Among 34 male non-smokers and 83 smokers, distinct immune infiltrating cells, with increased DCs in stromal regions (P=0.033), elevated infiltration of Treg cells in intraepithelial regions (P=0.010) and reduced activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (aCTLs) in both intraepithelial (P=0.021) and stromal regions (P=0.017), were observed in tumor specimens of smoking males, implying an immune suppressed response during cigarette smoke exposure. For smoking characters, the level of stromal tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration was correlated with smoking year after age adjusted (rs =0.352, P=0.002). Though cigarette smoking did not alter the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in epithelial cells or TAMs in tumor specimens, higher expression of PD-L1 predicted a worse survival in non-smokers but not smokers. Conclusions: Our findings indicated smoking may impair T cell-mediated immune response and supported the possible impacts of cigarette smoking in PD-L1 related research and therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road. Shantou 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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14
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Jin SW, Im JS, Park JH, Kim HG, Lee GH, Kim SJ, Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Chung KH, Lee BM, Kacew S, Jeong HG, Kim HS. Effects of tobacco compound 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on the expression of epigenetically regulated genes in lung carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:1004-1019. [PMID: 34459362 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1965059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung cancer. Although tobacco smoking-induced genotoxicity has been well established, there is apparent lack of abundance functional epigenetic effects reported On cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine effects of intratracheal administration of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) utilizing target gene expression DNA methylation patterns in lung tissues of mice following twice weekly for 8 weeks treatment. An unbiased approach where genomic regions was undertaken to assess early methylation changes within mouse pulmonary tissues. A methylated-CpG island recovery assay (MIRA) was performed to map the DNA methylome in lung tissues, with the position of methylated DNA determined using a Genome Analyzer (MIRA-SEQ). Alterations in epigenetic-regulated target genes were confirmed with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, which revealed 35 differentially hypermethylated genes including Cdkn1C, Hsf4, Hnf1a, Cdx1, and Hoxa5 and 30 differentially hypomethylated genes including Ddx4, Piwi1, Mdm2, and Pce1 in NNK-exposed lung tissue compared with controls. The main pathway of these genes for mediating biological information was analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Among them, Rssf1 and Mdm2 were closely associated with NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data provide valuable resources for detecting cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Jin
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Im
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Kim
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kwack
- Department Of Biochemistry And Health Science, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College Of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Mu Lee
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Kacew
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University Of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Pompoco CJ, Curtin K, Taylor S, Paulson C, Shumway C, Conley M, Barker DJ, Swiston C, Stagg B, Ritch R, Wirostko BM. Summary of Utah Project on Exfoliation Syndrome (UPEXS): using a large database to identify systemic comorbidities. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000803. [PMID: 34765740 PMCID: PMC8552159 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the Utah Project on Exfoliation Syndrome (UPEXS) is to identify associations between exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and other diseases that share the commonality of abnormalities in elastin and Lysyl Oxidase-Like 1 gene regulation. The UPEXS is unique because it uses the Utah Population Database, which is linked to the Utah genealogy, that contains a compilation of large pedigrees of most families in the state of Utah that go back multiple generations (3 to ≥11). The health and medical records of these family members are linked to vital records and can be used effectively in studies focused on genetic disorders like XFS, where familial clustering of a disorder is a trend. There is increasing evidence that patients with XFS have a higher risk of certain systemic disorders that reflect the systemic tissue abnormalities of XFS. Epidemiological studies focused on patients with XFS have shown that there is an increased risk of these individuals developing other pathologies that have abnormalities in extracellular matrix metabolism and repair. UPEXS has focused on suspected comorbidities that involve abnormalities in elastin maintenance, a protein that plays a role in the makeup of the extracellular matrix. In this paper, the results from the analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inguinal hernias, pelvic organ prolapse, obstructive sleep apnoea and atrial fibrillation are summarised along with the utility of using such a large dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian James Pompoco
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Chase Paulson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Caleb Shumway
- Department of Ophthalmology, BronxCare Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matt Conley
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - D James Barker
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cole Swiston
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brian Stagg
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research, Department of New York Eye and Ear Infirmatory of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barbara M Wirostko
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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16
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Chukowry PS, Spittle DA, Turner AM. Small Airways Disease, Biomarkers and COPD: Where are We? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:351-365. [PMID: 33628018 PMCID: PMC7899307 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s280157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to treatment and progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) varies significantly. Small airways disease (SAD) is being increasingly recognized as a key pathological feature of COPD. Studies have brought forward pathological evidence of small airway damage preceding the development of emphysema and the detection of obstruction using traditional spirometry. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the early detection of SAD and this has brought along an increased demand for physiological tests able to identify and quantify SAD. Early detection of SAD allows early targeted therapy and this suggests the potential for altering the course of disease. The aim of this article is to review the evidence available on the physiological testing of small airways. The first half will focus on the role of lung function tests such as maximum mid-expiratory flow, impulse oscillometry and lung clearance index in detecting and quantifying SAD. The role of Computed Tomography (CT) as a radiological biomarker will be discussed as well as the potential of recent CT analysis software to differentiate normal aging of the lungs to pathology. The evidence behind SAD biomarkers sourced from blood as well as biomarkers sourced from sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) will be reviewed. This paper focuses on CC-16, sRAGE, PAI-1, MMP-9 and MMP-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada S Chukowry
- Respiratory Research Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniella A Spittle
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alice M Turner
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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17
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Ahmad S, Manzoor S, Siddiqui S, Mariappan N, Zafar I, Ahmad A, Ahmad A. Epigenetic underpinnings of inflammation: Connecting the dots between pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:384-398. [PMID: 33484868 PMCID: PMC8046427 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is central to lung cancer, the leading cancer in terms of associated mortality that has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Inflammation and pulmonary manifestations are also the major causes of COVID-19 related deaths. Acute hyperinflammation plays an important role in the COVID-19 disease progression and severity, and development of protective immunity against the virus is greatly sought. Further, the severity of COVID-19 is greatly enhanced in lung cancer patients, probably due to the genes such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, PAI-1 and furin that are commonly involved in cancer progression as well as SAR-CoV-2 infection. The importance of inflammation in pulmonary manifestations, cancer and COVID-19 calls for a closer look at the underlying processes, particularly the associated increase in IL-6 and other cytokines, the dysregulation of immune cells and the coagulation pathway. Towards this end, several reports have identified epigenetic regulation of inflammation at different levels. Expression of several key inflammation-related cytokines, chemokines and other genes is affected by methylation and acetylation while non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs as well as long non-coding RNAs, also affect the overall inflammatory responses. Select miRNAs can regulate inflammation in COVID-19 infection, lung cancer as well as other inflammatory lung diseases, and can serve as epigenetic links that can be therapeutically targeted. Furthermore, epigenetic changes also mediate the environmental factors-induced inflammation. Therefore, a better understanding of epigenetic regulation of inflammation can potentially help develop novel strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat chronic pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shajer Manzoor
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Simmone Siddiqui
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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18
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Hua Q, Liu Y, Li M, Chen Y, Diao Q, Zeng H, Jiang Y. Tobacco-Related Exposure Upregulates Circ_0035266 to Exacerbate Inflammatory Responses in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Toxicol Sci 2021; 179:70-83. [PMID: 33107911 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most carcinogenic chemicals found in cigarette tobacco smoke is 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which has been confirmed to be associated with the etiology of diverse cancers. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), another biologically active component of cigarette smoke, is a risk factor which enhances NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis due to chronic lung inflammation. Although inflammatory responses play critical roles in the initiation of many tumors, our knowledge about the mechanisms of NNK+LPS on inflammation is currently limited. Here, we investigated the inflammatory effects of NNK+LPS in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and explored the underlying mechanisms mediated by circular RNAs (circRNAs). We identified a novel circRNA, circ_0035266, which was strongly upregulated in NNK+LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells and enhanced the inflammatory responses to NNK+LPS by regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Specifically, circ_0035266 knockdown alleviated NNK+LPS-induced inflammatory responses, whereas overexpression of circ_0035266 had the opposite effect. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays verified that circ_0035266 bound to miR-181d-5p directly in the cytoplasm. qRT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and Western blot analyses showed that DDX3X (DDX3) was the downstream target of miR-181d-5p and that DDX3X expression levels were modulated by circ_0035266. These results suggested that circ_0035266 served as a competitive endogenous RNA for miR-181d-5p to regulate DDX3X expression, which is involved in the modulation of NNK+LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Meizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Chen
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Diao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Huixian Zeng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
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19
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Han Q, Kono TJY, Knutson CG, Parry NM, Seiler CL, Fox JG, Tannenbaum SR, Tretyakova NY. Multi-Omics Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Induced Hyperplasia/Dysplasia in the Rag2-/-/ Il10-/- Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010364. [PMID: 33396408 PMCID: PMC7795000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is hypothesized to play a role in the observed association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon tumor development. In the present work, DNA methylome, hydroxymethylome, and transcriptome analyses were conducted in proximal colon tissues harvested from the Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus)-infected murine model of IBD. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and oxidative RRBS (oxRRBS) analyses identified 1606 differentially methylated regions (DMR) and 3011 differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMR). These DMR/DhMR overlapped with genes that are associated with gastrointestinal disease, inflammatory disease, and cancer. RNA-seq revealed pronounced expression changes of a number of genes associated with inflammation and cancer. Several genes including Duox2, Tgm2, Cdhr5, and Hk2 exhibited changes in both DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation and gene expression levels. Overall, our results suggest that chronic inflammation triggers changes in methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns in the genome, altering the expression of key tumorigenesis genes and potentially contributing to the initiation of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Y. Kono
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Charles G. Knutson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.G.K.); (J.G.F.); (S.R.T.)
| | - Nicola M. Parry
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Christopher L. Seiler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - James G. Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.G.K.); (J.G.F.); (S.R.T.)
| | - Steven R. Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (C.G.K.); (J.G.F.); (S.R.T.)
| | - Natalia Y. Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-626-3432
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