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Musumeci A, McElwain CJ, Manna S, McCarthy F, McCarthy C. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus increases subclinical inflammation mediated in part by obesity. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:280-292. [PMID: 38334487 PMCID: PMC11097910 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent and serious complication of pregnancy, often associated with obesity. Metabolic dysfunction and metainflammation are evident in both obesity and GDM. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed at defining the direct contribution of the immune system in GDM, across the main metabolic tissues, specifically focussing on elucidating the roles of obesity and GDM to the clinical outcome. Using immunoassays and multicolour flow cytometry, cytokine profiles and immune cell frequencies were measured in maternal circulation and central metabolic tissues [placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] in GDM-diagnosed (n = 28) and normal glucose tolerant (n = 32) women undergoing caesarean section. Participants were sub-grouped as non-obese [body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2] or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Unsupervised data analysis was performed on the flow cytometry data set to identify functional alterations. GDM obese participants had significantly elevated circulating IL-6 and IL-17A levels. GDM non-obese participants had elevated circulating IL-12p70, elevated placental IL-17A, and VAT IFN-γ production. Unsupervised clustering of immune populations across the three biological sites simultaneously, identified different NK- and T-cell phenotypes that were altered in NGT obese and GDM non-obese participants, while a classical tissue monocyte cluster was increased in GDM obese participants. In this study, there was significant evidence of subclinical inflammation, and significant alterations in clusters of NK cells, T cells, and tissue monocyte populations in GDM. While increased adiposity assimilates with increased inflammation in the non-pregnant state, this overt relationship may not be as evident during pregnancy and warrants further examination in future longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colm John McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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2
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McElwain CJ, Manna S, Musumeci A, Sylvester I, Rouchon C, O'Callaghan AM, Ebad MAB, McCarthy FP, McCarthy CM. Defective Visceral Adipose Tissue Adaptation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1275-1284. [PMID: 38035802 PMCID: PMC11031241 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex obstetric condition affecting localized glucose metabolism, resulting in systemic metabolic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to explore visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as an integral contributor to GDM, focusing on elucidating the specific contribution of obesity and GDM pathology to maternal outcomes. METHODS Fifty-six nulliparous pregnant women were recruited, including normal glucose tolerant (NGT) (n = 30) and GDM (n = 26) participants. Participants were subgrouped as nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Metabolic markers in circulation, VAT, and placenta were determined. Morphological analysis of VAT and immunoblotting of the insulin signaling cascade were performed. RESULTS GDM participants demonstrated hyperinsulinemia and elevated homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores relative to NGT participants. The GDM-obese subgroup had significant VAT adipocyte hypoplasia relative to NGT-nonobese tissue. GDM-obese VAT had significantly lower insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 expression, with elevated ser312 phosphorylation of IRS-1, relative to NGT-nonobese. GDM-obese participants had significantly elevated circulating leptin levels and placental adipsin secretion, while GDM-nonobese participants had elevated circulating adipsin levels with reduced placental adiponectin secretion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that GDM-obese pregnancy is specifically characterized by inadequate VAT remodeling and dysfunctional molecular signaling, which contribute to insulin resistance and hinder metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork T12DC4A, Ireland
| | - Andrea Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Isaac Sylvester
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Chloé Rouchon
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie O'Callaghan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Mustafa Abdalla Bakhit Ebad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork T12DC4A, Ireland
| | - Cathal M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
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Umbayev B, Saliev T, Safarova (Yantsen) Y, Yermekova A, Olzhayev F, Bulanin D, Tsoy A, Askarova S. The Role of Cdc42 in the Insulin and Leptin Pathways Contributing to the Development of Age-Related Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4964. [PMID: 38068822 PMCID: PMC10707920 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related obesity significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and certain cancers. The insulin-leptin axis is crucial in understanding metabolic disturbances associated with age-related obesity. Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of GTPases that participates in many cellular processes including, but not limited to, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, cell polarity, morphology, proliferation, motility, and migration. Cdc42 functions as an integral part of regulating insulin secretion and aging. Some novel roles for Cdc42 have also been recently identified in maintaining glucose metabolism, where Cdc42 is involved in controlling blood glucose levels in metabolically active tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, etc., which puts this protein in line with other critical regulators of glucose metabolism. Importantly, Cdc42 plays a vital role in cellular processes associated with the insulin and leptin signaling pathways, which are integral elements involved in obesity development if misregulated. Additionally, a change in Cdc42 activity may affect senescence, thus contributing to disorders associated with aging. This review explores the complex relationships among age-associated obesity, the insulin-leptin axis, and the Cdc42 signaling pathway. This article sheds light on the vast molecular web that supports metabolic dysregulation in aging people. In addition, it also discusses the potential therapeutic implications of the Cdc42 pathway to mitigate obesity since some new data suggest that inhibition of Cdc42 using antidiabetic drugs or antioxidants may promote weight loss in overweight or obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen)
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Aislu Yermekova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Farkhad Olzhayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Denis Bulanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Andrey Tsoy
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
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Ahmad S, Drag MH, Mohamad Salleh S, Cai Z, Nielsen MO. Gene coexpression network analysis reveals perirenal adipose tissue as an important target of prenatal malnutrition in sheep. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:392-413. [PMID: 37458462 PMCID: PMC10642927 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that pre- and early postnatal malnutrition in sheep induced depot- and sex-specific changes in adipose morphological features, metabolic outcomes, and transcriptome in adulthood, with perirenal (PER) as the major target followed by subcutaneous (SUB) adipose tissue. We aimed to identify coexpressed and hub genes in SUB and PER to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the early nutritional programming of adipose-related phenotypic outcomes. Transcriptomes of SUB and PER of male and female adult sheep with different pre- and early postnatal nutrition histories were used to construct networks of coexpressed genes likely to be functionally associated with pre- and early postnatal nutrition histories and phenotypic traits using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The modules from PER showed enrichment of cell cycle regulation, gene expression, transmembrane transport, and metabolic processes associated with both sexes' prenatal nutrition. In SUB (only males), a module of enriched adenosine diphosphate metabolism and development correlated with prenatal nutrition. Sex-specific module enrichments were found in PER, such as chromatin modification in the male network but histone modification and mitochondria- and oxidative phosphorylation-related functions in the female network. These sex-specific modules correlated with prenatal nutrition and adipocyte size distribution patterns. Our results point to PER as a primary target of prenatal malnutrition compared to SUB, which played only a minor role. The prenatal programming of gene expression and cell cycle, potentially through epigenetic modifications, might be underlying mechanisms responsible for observed changes in PER expandability and adipocyte-size distribution patterns in adulthood in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Ahmad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Unit of Nutrition, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Markus Hodal Drag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Suraya Mohamad Salleh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zexi Cai
- Centre for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Research Unit of Nutrition, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Lakthan T, Limpachayaporn P, Rayanil KO, Charoenpanich P, Phuangbubpha P, Charoenpanich A. Lupenone-Rich Fraction Derived from Cissus quadrangularis L. Suppresses Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1724. [PMID: 37629581 PMCID: PMC10455188 DOI: 10.3390/life13081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis L. (CQ) has potential as a therapeutic for managing obesity and balancing metabolic activity, but the main bioactive compound and regulatory mechanism remain unknown. Herein, the CQ hexane extract was fractionated into 30 fractions (CQ-H) using flash column chromatography and analyzed using thin-layer chromatography. The direct antiadipogenesis effect of CQ-H fractions was tested on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lupenone-rich fractions 2H and 3H were identified as containing potent antiadipogenesis agents that reduced differentiated cell numbers and intracellular lipid droplet size. Although the overall mitochondrial density remained unchanged, differentiated cells exhibited a higher mitochondrial density than that in non-differentiated cells. Additionally, 2H increased mitochondrial activity in both cell types as shown by their differentiation and lipid formation stages. Lupenone was isolated from 2H (Lu-CQ) and shown to dose-dependently inhibit adipogenesis, with 2H being more potent than Lu-CQ. Lu-CQ and 2H downregulated the expression of Pparg2 mRNA and upregulated that of glucose transporter genes, Slc2a1 and Slc2a4. Lu-CQ and 2H induced increased glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells. These findings suggest that lupenone-rich fractions in CQ contribute to balancing metabolic activity and reducing adipose tissue formation. Further exploration of CQ and its components may prompt innovative strategies for managing obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Lakthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Panupun Limpachayaporn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.L.); (K.-o.R.)
| | - Kanok-on Rayanil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.L.); (K.-o.R.)
| | - Pornsri Charoenpanich
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Pornwipa Phuangbubpha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Adisri Charoenpanich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (T.L.); (P.P.)
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Song MK, Kim JE, Kim JT, Kang YE, Han SJ, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Ku BJ, Lee JH. GDF10 is related to obesity as an adipokine derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159515. [PMID: 37529611 PMCID: PMC10390302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipokines are proteins that are secreted by the adipose tissue. Although they are associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders, most studies have focused on adipokines expressed by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to identify the adipokine potentially derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and its clinical significance. Methods Samples of SAT and VAT were obtained from six adult male patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for benign gall bladder disease. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by subjecting the samples to RNA sequencing. The serum concentration of selected proteins according to body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 58 individuals. Results GDF10 showed significantly higher expression in the SAT, as per RNA sequencing (fold change = 5.8, adjusted P value = 0.009). Genes related to insulin response, glucose homeostasis, lipid homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism were suppressed when GDF10 expression was high in SAT, as per genotype-tissue expression data. The serum GDF10 concentration was higher in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 35, 2674 ± 441 pg/mL) than in those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (n = 23, 2339 ± 639 pg/mL; P = 0.022). There was a positive correlation between BMI and serum GDF10 concentration (r = 0.308, P = 0.019). Conclusions GDF10 expression was higher in SAT than in VAT. Serum GDF10 concentration was high in patients with obesity. Therefore, GDF10 could be a SAT-derived protein related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jong Han
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-García A, Lieberman DE, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:475-494. [PMID: 36927772 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25% of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern, obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. In this Review, we present obesity as an evolutionarily novel condition, summarize the epidemiological evidence on its detrimental cardiometabolic consequences and discuss the major mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We also examine the role of potential moderators of this association, with evidence for and against the so-called 'metabolically healthy obesity phenotype', the 'fatness but fitness' paradox or the 'obesity paradox'. Although maintenance of optimal cardiometabolic status should be a primary goal in individuals with obesity, losing body weight and, particularly, excess visceral adiposity seems to be necessary to minimize the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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Palani NP, Horvath C, Timshel PN, Folkertsma P, Grønning AGB, Henriksen TI, Peijs L, Jensen VH, Sun W, Jespersen NZ, Wolfrum C, Pers TH, Nielsen S, Scheele C. Adipogenic and SWAT cells separate from a common progenitor in human brown and white adipose depots. Nat Metab 2023; 5:996-1013. [PMID: 37337126 PMCID: PMC10290958 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte function is a major determinant of metabolic disease, warranting investigations of regulating mechanisms. We show at single-cell resolution that progenitor cells from four human brown and white adipose depots separate into two main cell fates, an adipogenic and a structural branch, developing from a common progenitor. The adipogenic gene signature contains mitochondrial activity genes, and associates with genome-wide association study traits for fat distribution. Based on an extracellular matrix and developmental gene signature, we name the structural branch of cells structural Wnt-regulated adipose tissue-resident (SWAT) cells. When stripped from adipogenic cells, SWAT cells display a multipotent phenotype by reverting towards progenitor state or differentiating into new adipogenic cells, dependent on media. Label transfer algorithms recapitulate the cell types in human adipose tissue datasets. In conclusion, we provide a differentiation map of human adipocytes and define the multipotent SWAT cell, providing a new perspective on adipose tissue regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra P Palani
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla Horvath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal N Timshel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- ZS Associates, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pytrik Folkertsma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander G B Grønning
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tora I Henriksen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Peijs
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena H Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Wang C, Mu T, Feng X, Zhang J, Gu Y. Study on fatty acid binding protein in lipid metabolism of livestock and poultry. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:185-195. [PMID: 37030094 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are key proteins in lipid transport, and 12 family members have been documented in the literature. In recent years, new insights have been gained into the structure and function of FABPs, which are important regulators of lipid metabolic processes in the body and play a central role in coordinating lipid transport and metabolism in various tissues and organs across species. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure and biological functions of FABPs and reviews related studies on lipid metabolism in livestock and poultry to lay the foundation for research on the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of FABPs on lipid metabolism in livestock and poultry and for the genetic improvement of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tong Mu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yaling Gu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China.
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10
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Kuryłowicz A. Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030690. [PMID: 36979669 PMCID: PMC10045924 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels is accompanied by a change in adipose tissue distribution from a gynoid to an android and an increased prevalence of obesity in women. These unfavorable phenomena can be partially restored by hormone replacement therapy, suggesting a significant role for estrogen in the regulation of adipocytes' function. Indeed, preclinical studies proved the involvement of these hormones in adipose tissue development, metabolism, and inflammatory activity. However, the relationship between estrogen and obesity is bidirectional. On the one hand-their deficiency leads to excessive fat accumulation and impairs adipocyte function, on the other-adipose tissue of obese individuals is characterized by altered expression of estrogen receptors and key enzymes involved in their synthesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of estrogen in adipose tissue development, physiology, and in obesity-related dysfunction. Firstly, the estrogen classification, synthesis, and modes of action are presented. Next, their role in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue activity in health and the course of obesity is described. Finally, the potential therapeutic applications of estrogen and its derivates in obesity treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland
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Vreeken D, Seidel F, de La Roij G, Vening W, den Hengst WA, Verschuren L, Özsezen S, Kessels RPC, Duering M, Mutsaerts HJMM, Kleemann R, Wiesmann M, Hazebroek EJ, Kiliaan AJ. Impact of White Adipose Tissue on Brain Structure, Perfusion, and Cognitive Function in Patients With Severe Obesity: The BARICO Study. Neurology 2023; 100:e703-e718. [PMID: 36332987 PMCID: PMC9969926 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While underlying pathophysiology linking obesity to brain health is not completely understood, white adipose tissue (WAT) is considered a key player. In obesity, WAT becomes dysregulated, showing hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and eventually inflammation. This disbalance leads to dysregulated secretion of adipokines influencing both (cardio)vascular and brain health. Within this study, we investigated the association between omental WAT (oWAT) and subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) with brain structure and perfusion and cognition in adults with severe obesity. METHODS Within the cross-sectional BARICO study, brain structure and perfusion and cognitive function were measured before bariatric surgery (BS) using MRI and cognitive assessments. During BS, oWAT and scWAT depots were collected and analyzed by histopathology. The number and diameter of adipocytes were quantified together with the amount of crown-like structures (CLS) as an indication of inflammation. Blood samples were collected to analyze adipokines and inflammatory markers. Neuroimaging outcomes included brain volumes, cortical thickness, white matter (WM) integrity, WM hyperintensities, cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labeling (ASL), and the ASL spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV), reflecting cerebrovascular health. RESULTS Seventy-one patients were included (mean age 45.1 ± 5.8 years; 83.1% women; mean body mass index 40.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2). scWAT showed more CLS (z = -2.72, p < 0.01, r = -0.24) and hypertrophy compared with oWAT (F(1,64) = 3.99, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.06). Adiponectin levels were inversely associated with the average diameter of scWAT (β = -0.31, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.08) and oWAT (β = -0.33, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.09). Furthermore, the adipocyte diameter in oWAT was positively associated with the sCoV in the parietal cortex (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.10-0.60), and the number of adipocytes (per mm2) was positively associated with sCoV in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (β = 0.34, 95% CI 0.09-0.61). Cognitive function did not correlate with any WAT parameter or plasma marker. These associations were highly influenced by age and sex. sCoV in the NAcc was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.35, 95% CI 0.10-0.56). DISCUSSION scWAT and oWAT are different in morphology and in their relationship with plasma markers and cerebrovascular health. Although scWAT showed more CLS and hypertrophy, scWAT was not associated with brain readouts. This study showed, however, important relationships between oWAT morphology and cerebrovascular health in obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Trial Registration Number NTR7288 (trialregister.nl/trial/7090).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Vreeken
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Florine Seidel
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Guido de La Roij
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Vening
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A den Hengst
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Serdar Özsezen
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Duering
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J M M Mutsaerts
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Qian Y, Zhang Y, Fan X, Yan H, Li X, Fan Y, Song Y, Ma S, Hu Z, Gao X, Yang J. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Normal Prepregnant Weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:463-471. [PMID: 36181486 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Existing studies focusing on the effects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) combined with normal prepregnant weight on pregnancy outcomes are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal NAFLD and adverse pregnancy outcomes in different body mass index (BMI) groups. METHODS Using an antenatal care and delivery database, we retrospectively analyzed women who delivered in Minhang Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2020. NAFLD was confirmed by ultrasound in early pregnancy. A logistic regression model with adjustment for confounders was used to examine potential associations between NAFLD and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS A total of 14 708 pregnant women (mean prepregnant BMI 21.0 [SD, 2.8] kg/m2) were included in our final study, of whom 554 (3.8%) had NAFLD. After fully adjusting for potential confounders, NAFLD significantly increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio 2.477; 95% CI, 1.885-3.254), gestational hypertension (3.054; 2.191-4.257), preeclampsia/eclampsia (3.994; 2.591-6.005), cesarean section (1.569; 1.315-1.872), preterm births (1.831; 1.229-2.727), and macrosomia (1.691; 1.300-2.198). It is notable that 83.9% (12 338) of women were of normal weight at the start of pregnancy (prepregnant 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2), and they still had higher odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION Women with NAFLD and a normal weight have a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women with NAFLD, regardless of obesity status, should be offered a more qualified surveillance to optimize pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
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Vazquez-Marroquin G, Ochoa-Précoma R, Porchia LM, Pérez-Fuentes R, Nicolás-Toledo L, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. The Effect of Microbiome Therapies on Waist Circumference, a Measure of Central Obesity, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:933-952.e1. [PMID: 36634870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome therapies (probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotics) have been proposed as adjuvants in the control of central obesity; however, their results for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies on central obesity as measured by waist circumference (WC), and to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies for glycemic parameters (fasting glucose [FPG], fasting insulin [FPI], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and insulin resistance [HOMA1-IR]) in patients with T2D. METHODS SCOPUS, Pubmed, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of microbiome therapies on WC up to June 1, 2022. Heterogeneity was determined using Cochran's Q test and quantified using the inconsistency index. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled difference in means (DM) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Egger's test and Beggs-Muzamar's test were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS Fifteen reports were included (443 treated and 387 controls). Overall, a significant decrease in WC was found (DM = -0.97 cm; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = -1.74 to -0.20; P = 0.014); however, when stratified by type of microbiome therapy, only probiotics significantly decreased WC (DM = -0.62 cm; 95%CI = -1.00 to -0.24; P = 0.002). No effect was observed for prebiotics and synbiotics. With respect to glycemic parameters, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA1-IR significantly decrease with microbiome therapies (P ≤ 0.001). When stratified by the type of therapy, for probiotic treatments, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA1-IR scores decrease (P < 0.001). For prebiotic treatments, HbA1c and FPG (P ≤ 0.001) levels decrease, whereas FPI increased (P = 0.012). Synbiotic treatments were only associated with an increase in FPI (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that using probiotics alone improved WC in patients with T2D. Both probiotics and prebiotics decreased HbA1c and FPG; however, prebiotics and synbiotics resulted in an increase in FPI. The formulation of the therapy (single vs multi) had no difference on the effect.
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Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Galley JC, Singh S, Awata WMC, Alves JV, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adipokines: Deciphering the cardiovascular signature of adipose tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115324. [PMID: 36309078 PMCID: PMC10509780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are intimately linked due to the various ways that the important cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), endothelial cells (EC), immune cells, and adipocytes, communicate with one another to contribute to these two pathologies. Adipose tissue is a very dynamic organ comprised primarily of adipocytes, which are well known for their role in energy storage. More recently adipose tissue has been recognized as the largest endocrine organ because of its ability to produce a vast number of signaling molecules called adipokines. These signaling molecules stimulate specific types of cells or tissues with many adipokines acting as indicators of adipocyte healthy function, such as adiponectin, omentin, and FGF21, which show anti-inflammatory or cardioprotective effects, acting as regulators of healthy physiological function. Others, like visfatin, chemerin, resistin, and leptin are often altered during pathophysiological circumstances like obesity and lipodystrophy, demonstrating negative cardiovascular outcomes when produced in excess. This review aims to explore the role of adipocytes and their derived products as well as the impacts of these adipokines on blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Galley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanessa M. C. Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliano V. Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Li Q, Spalding KL. The regulation of adipocyte growth in white adipose tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003219. [PMID: 36483678 PMCID: PMC9723158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes can increase in volume up to a thousand-fold, storing excess calories as triacylglycerol in large lipid droplets. The dramatic morphological changes required of adipocytes demands extensive cytoskeletal remodeling, including lipid droplet and plasma membrane expansion. Cell growth-related signalling pathways are activated, stimulating the production of sufficient amino acids, functional lipids and nucleotides to meet the increasing cellular needs of lipid storage, metabolic activity and adipokine secretion. Continued expansion gives rise to enlarged (hypertrophic) adipocytes. This can result in a failure to maintain growth-related homeostasis and an inability to cope with excess nutrition or respond to stimuli efficiently, ultimately leading to metabolic dysfunction. We summarize recent studies which investigate the functional and cellular structure remodeling of hypertrophic adipocytes. How adipocytes adapt to an enlarged cell size and how this relates to cellular dysfunction are discussed. Understanding the healthy and pathological processes involved in adipocyte hypertrophy may shed light on new strategies for promoting healthy adipose tissue expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kirsty L. Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Chen B, Shi Z, Wang Y, Chen M, Yang C, Cui H, Su T, Kwan HY. Discovery of a novel anti-obesity meroterpenoid agent targeted subcutaneous adipose tissue. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154396. [PMID: 36057145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meroterpenoid furanasperterpene A (T2-3) with a novel 6/6/6/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton was isolated from the Aspergillus terreus GZU-31-1. Previously, we showed that T2-3 possessed significant lipid-lowering effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at 5 μM concentration. However, its therapeutic effect in metabolic disease and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. METHODS High fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model and 3T3-L1 cell model were used to assess the anti-obesity effects of T2-3. Lipids in the adipocytes were examined by Oil Red O staining. β-catenin expression was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, its activity was assessed by TOPflash/FOPflash assay. RESULTS T2-3 possessed potent anti-obesity effects in DIO mice, it significantly reduced body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass. Mechanistic studies showed that T2-3 significantly inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation as indicated by the reduced number of mature adipocytes. The treatments also reduced the expressions of critical adipogenic transcription factors CEBP-α and PPAR-γ in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SAT in DIO mice. Interestingly, T2-3 increased the cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of β-catenin and the transcriptional activity of β-catenin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; the elevated β-catenin expression was also observed in SAT of the T2-3-treated DIO mice. Indeed, upregulation of β-catenin activity suppressed adipogenesis, while β-catenin inhibitor JW67 reversed the anti-adipogenic effect of T2-3. Taken together, our data suggest that T2-3 inhibits adipogenesis by upregulating β-catenin activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first report demonstrating meroterpenoid furanasperterpene A as a novel 6/6/6/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton (T2-3) that possesses potent anti-adipogenic effect by targeting β-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings drive new anti-obesity drug discovery and provide drug leads for chemists and pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisen Chen
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yechun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minting Chen
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunfang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tao Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Cechinel LR, Batabyal RA, Freishtat RJ, Zohn IE. Parental obesity-induced changes in developmental programming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918080. [PMID: 36274855 PMCID: PMC9585252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies support the link between parental obesity and the predisposition to develop adult-onset metabolic syndromes that include obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes in the offspring. As the prevalence of obesity increases in persons of childbearing age, so does metabolic syndrome in their descendants. Understanding how parental obesity alters metabolic programs in the progeny, predisposing them to adult-onset metabolic syndrome, is key to breaking this cycle. This review explores the basis for altered metabolism of offspring exposed to overnutrition by focusing on critical developmental processes influenced by parental obesity. We draw from human and animal model studies, highlighting the adaptations in metabolism that occur during normal pregnancy that become maladaptive with obesity. We describe essential phases of development impacted by parental obesity that contribute to long-term alterations in metabolism in the offspring. These encompass gamete formation, placentation, adipogenesis, pancreas development, and development of brain appetite control circuits. Parental obesity alters the developmental programming of these organs in part by inducing epigenetic changes with long-term consequences on metabolism. While exposure to parental obesity during any of these phases is sufficient to alter long-term metabolism, offspring often experience multiple exposures throughout their development. These insults accumulate to increase further the susceptibility of the offspring to the obesogenic environments of modern society.
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19
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Börgeson E, Boucher J, Hagberg CE. Of mice and men: Pinpointing species differences in adipose tissue biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003118. [PMID: 36187476 PMCID: PMC9521710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases continues to rise, which has led to an increased interest in studying adipose tissue to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. The use of genetic mouse models has been critical for understanding the role of specific genes for adipose tissue function and the tissue’s impact on other organs. However, mouse adipose tissue displays key differences to human fat, which has led, in some cases, to the emergence of some confounding concepts in the adipose field. Such differences include the depot-specific characteristics of visceral and subcutaneous fat, and divergences in thermogenic fat phenotype between the species. Adipose tissue characteristics may therefore not always be directly compared between species, which is important to consider when setting up new studies or interpreting results. This mini review outlines our current knowledge about the cell biological differences between human and mouse adipocytes and fat depots, highlighting some examples where inadequate knowledge of species-specific differences can lead to confounding results, and presenting plausible anatomic explanations that may underlie the differences. The article thus provides critical insights and guidance for researchers working primarily with only human or mouse fat tissue, and may contribute to new ideas or concepts in the important and evolving field of adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Vaestra Goetaland, Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Metabolic Disease, Evotec International GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolina E. Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Carolina E. Hagberg,
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20
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Silva-Reis A, Rodrigues Brandao-Rangel MA, Moraes-Ferreira R, Gonçalves-Alves TG, Souza-Palmeira VH, Aquino-Santos HC, Bachi ALL, de Oliveira LVF, Lopes-Martins RÁB, Oliveira-Silva I, Albertini R, Frison CR, Vieira RP. Combined resistance and aerobic training improves lung function and mechanics and fibrotic biomarkers in overweight and obese women. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946402. [PMID: 36160852 PMCID: PMC9491379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity impairs lung function and mechanics and leads to low-grade inflammation, but the effects of combined physical exercise (CPE) on that are unknown. Methods: We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of combined physical exercise (aerobic + resistance training), in non-obese (n = 12), overweight (n = 17), and obese grade I (n = 11) women. Lung function and lung mechanics were evaluated. The systemic immune response was evaluated by whole blood analysis and biomarker measurements, while pulmonary fibrotic biomarkers were evaluated in the breath condensate. Result: CPE improved forced vital capacity (FVC) % (p < 0.001) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) % (p < 0.0003) in the obese group; resistance of the respiratory system (R5Hz) in non-obese (p < 0.0099), overweight (p < 0.0005), and obese (p < 0.0001) groups; resistance of proximal airways (R20Hz) in non-obese (p < 0.01), overweight (p < 0.0009), and obese (p < 0.0001) groups; resistance of distal airways (R5Hz–R20Hz) in non-obese (p < 0.01), overweight (p < 0.0012), and obese (p < 0.0001) groups; reactance of the respiratory system (X5Hz) in non-obese (p < 0.01), overweight (p < 0.0006), and obese (p < 0.0005) groups; impedance of the respiratory system (Z5Hz) in non-obese (p < 0.0099), overweight (p < 0.0005), and obese (p < 0.0001) groups; central resistance (RCentral) in non-obese (p < 0.01), overweight (p < 0.001), and obese (p < 0.0003) groups; and the peripheral resistance (RPeripheral) in non-obese (p < 0.03), overweight (p < 0.001), and obese (p < 0.0002) groups. CPE reduced the pro-fibrotic IGF-1 levels in BC in overweight (p < 0.0094) and obese groups (p < 0.0001) and increased anti-fibrotic Klotho levels in BC in obese (p < 0.0001) groups, and reduced levels of exhaled nitric oxide in overweight (p < 0.03) and obese (p < 0.0001) groups. Conclusion: CPE improves lung function, mechanics, and pulmonary immune response in overweight and obese grade I women by increasing anti-fibrotic protein Klotho and reducing pro-fibrotic IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamei Silva-Reis
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renilson Moraes-Ferreira
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gibson Gonçalves-Alves
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Souza-Palmeira
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helida Cristina Aquino-Santos
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Iranse Oliveira-Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Centro Universitário UniEvangélica, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Regiane Albertini
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Ricardo Frison
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Centro Universitário UniEvangélica, Anápolis, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rodolfo P Vieira,
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21
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Lee H. Obesity-Associated Cancers: Evidence from Studies in Mouse Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091472. [PMID: 35563777 PMCID: PMC9102145 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, one of the major problems in modern human society, is correlated with various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that obesity is closely linked to at least 13 different types of cancer. The mechanisms that potentially explain the link between obesity and cancer include hyperactivation of the IGF pathway, metabolic dysregulation, dysfunctional angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and interaction between pro-inflammatory cytokines, endocrine hormones, and adipokines. However, how the largely uniform morbidity of obesity leads to different types of cancer still needs to be investigated. To study the link between obesity and cancer, researchers have commonly used preclinical animal models, particularly mouse models. These models include monogenic models of obesity (e.g., ob/ob and db/db mice) and genetically modified mouse models of human cancers (e.g., Kras-driven pancreatic cancer, Apc-mutated colorectal cancer, and Her2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer). The experimental results obtained using these mouse models revealed strong evidence of a link between obesity and cancer and suggested their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2274; Fax: +82-31-920-2279
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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22
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Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Grubczak K, Starosz A, Kusaczuk M, Naumowicz M, Chabowski A. The Phenotype of the Adipocytes Derived from Subcutaneous and Visceral ADMSCs Is Altered When They Originate from Morbidly Obese Women: Is There a Memory Effect? Cells 2022; 11:1435. [PMID: 35563741 PMCID: PMC9099624 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Evidence has suggested that depot-specific ADMSCs (obtained from subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue-subADMSCs or visADMSCs, respectively) account for differential responses of each depot to metabolic challenges. However, little is known about the phenotype and changes in metabolism of the adipocytes derived from ADMSCs of obese individuals. Therefore, we investigated the phenotypic and metabolic characteristics, particularly the lipid profile, of fully differentiated adipocytes derived from ADMSCs of lean and obese (with/without metabolic syndrome) postmenopausal women. We observed a depot-specific pattern, with more pronounced changes present in the adipocytes obtained from subADMSCs. Namely, chronic oversupply of fatty acids (present in morbid obesity) triggered an increase in CD36/SR-B2 and FATP4 protein content (total and cell surface), which translated to an increased LCFA influx (3H-palmitate uptake). This was associated with the accumulation of TAG and DAG in these cells. Furthermore, we observed that the adipocytes of visADMSCs origin were larger and showed smaller granularity than their counterparts of subADMSCs descent. Although ADMSCs were cultured in vitro, in a fatty acids-deprived environment, obesity significantly influenced the functionality of the progenitor adipocytes, suggesting the existence of a memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (K.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (K.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
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23
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Comment on: Long-term improvement of adipocyte insulin action during body weight relapse after bariatric surgery: a longitudinal cohort study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; 18:692-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Li Y, Li Z, Ngandiri DA, Llerins Perez M, Wolf A, Wang Y. The Molecular Brakes of Adipose Tissue Lipolysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826314. [PMID: 35283787 PMCID: PMC8907745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to changes in energy availability is pivotal for the survival of animals. Adipose tissue, the body’s largest reservoir of energy and a major source of metabolic fuel, exerts a buffering function for fluctuations in nutrient availability. This functional plasticity ranges from energy storage in the form of triglycerides during periods of excess energy intake to energy mobilization via lipolysis in the form of free fatty acids for other organs during states of energy demands. The subtle balance between energy storage and mobilization is important for whole-body energy homeostasis; its disruption has been implicated as contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cancer cachexia. As a result, adipocyte lipolysis is tightly regulated by complex regulatory mechanisms involving lipases and hormonal and biochemical signals that have opposing effects. In thermogenic brown and brite adipocytes, lipolysis stimulation is the canonical way for the activation of non-shivering thermogenesis. Lipolysis proceeds in an orderly and delicately regulated manner, with stimulation through cell-surface receptors via neurotransmitters, hormones, and autocrine/paracrine factors that activate various intracellular signal transduction pathways and increase kinase activity. The subsequent phosphorylation of perilipins, lipases, and cofactors initiates the translocation of key lipases from the cytoplasm to lipid droplets and enables protein-protein interactions to assemble the lipolytic machinery on the scaffolding perilipins at the surface of lipid droplets. Although activation of lipolysis has been well studied, the feedback fine-tuning is less well appreciated. This review focuses on the molecular brakes of lipolysis and discusses some of the divergent fine-tuning strategies in the negative feedback regulation of lipolysis, including delicate negative feedback loops, intermediary lipid metabolites-mediated allosteric regulation and dynamic protein–protein interactions. As aberrant adipocyte lipolysis is involved in various metabolic diseases and releasing the brakes on lipolysis in thermogenic adipocytes may activate thermogenesis, targeting adipocyte lipolysis is thus of therapeutic interest.
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25
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Ahn SJ, Le Master E, Lee JC, Phillips SA, Levitan I, Fancher IS. Differential effects of obesity on visceral versus subcutaneous adipose arteries: role of shear-activated Kir2.1 and alterations to the glycocalyx. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H156-H166. [PMID: 34890278 PMCID: PMC8742723 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00399.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity imposes well-established deficits to endothelial function. We recently showed that obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction was mediated by disruption of the glycocalyx and a loss of Kir channel flow sensitivity. However, obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction is not observed in all vascular beds: visceral adipose arteries (VAAs), but not subcutaneous adipose arteries (SAAs), exhibit endothelial dysfunction. To determine whether differences in SAA versus VAA endothelial function observed in obesity are attributed to differential impairment of Kir channels and alterations to the glycocalyx, mice were fed a normal rodent diet, or a high-fat Western diet to induce obesity. Flow-induced vasodilation (FIV) was measured ex vivo. Functional downregulation of endothelial Kir2.1 was accomplished by transducing adipose arteries from mice and obese humans with adenovirus containing a dominant-negative Kir2.1 construct. Kir function was tested in freshly isolated endothelial cells seeded in a flow chamber for electrophysiological recordings under fluid shear. Atomic force microscopy was used to assess biophysical properties of the glycocalyx. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in VAAs of obese mice and humans. Downregulating Kir2.1 blunted FIV in SAAs, but had no effect on VAAs, from obese mice and humans. Obesity abolished Kir shear sensitivity in VAA endothelial cells and significantly altered the VAA glycocalyx. In contrast, Kir shear sensitivity was observed in SAA endothelial cells from obese mice and effects on SAA glycocalyx were less pronounced. We reveal distinct differences in Kir function and alterations to the glycocalyx that we propose contribute to the dichotomy in SAA versus VAA endothelial function with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We identified a role for endothelial Kir2.1 in the differences observed in VAA versus SAA endothelial function with obesity. The endothelial glycocalyx, a regulator of Kir activation by shear, is unequally perturbed in VAAs as compared with SAAs, which we propose results in a near complete loss of VAA endothelial Kir shear sensitivity and endothelial dysfunction. We propose that these differences underly the preserved endothelial function of SAA in obese mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Ahn
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth Le Master
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James C. Lee
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shane A. Phillips
- 3Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences,
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irena Levitan
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ibra S. Fancher
- 4Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health
Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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26
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Kim OT, Drapkina OM. Obesity epidemic through the prism of evolutionary processes. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, obesity has become one of the most serious public health problems. It takes millions of lives worldwide every year due to its association with numerous diseases and leads to significant social and economic losses. It is generally accepted that obesity is the result of the interaction of genes and environment, and the predisposition to it lies in our evolutionary past. This review discusses the role of adipose tissue in human evolution, the factors specifying a person’s predisposition to obesity, the main hypotheses for obesity origin, and potential prevention and treatment strategies arising from them. The evolutionary significance of visceral adipose tissue and some ethnic and sex characteristics associated with its distribution are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. T. Kim
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Tariq S, Tariq S, Khaliq S, Lone KP. Serum Resistin Levels and Related Genetic Variants Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:868120. [PMID: 35992125 PMCID: PMC9389046 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder and a number of genetic variants or loci responsible for bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified. Resistin, a novel adipokine has diverse role in human body including its function in bone remodeling. The objective of this study was to see the association of serum resistin levels and related genetic variants (rs3931020, rs13144478) with BMD in postmenopausal females. METHODS This comparative analytical study was conducted on postmenopausal osteoporotic (n=101), osteopenic (n=77) and non-osteoporotic (n=74) females. For comparison and correlational analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's rho correlation were used respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated by using Chi-square test (χ2). RESULTS There was significant difference in the serum levels of resistin (p <0.001), among the three groups. Significant negative correlation of resistin was observed with BMD at various sites. Serum resistin levels were significantly low in the rs3931020 AA homozygous genotype (p = 0.010), and significantly high in the rs13144478 AT heterozygous genotype (p = 0.020), BMD at all sites except left femoral neck was significantly high in rs3931020 AA genotype, while BMD at lumbar spine, left hip and total BMD were significantly low in the rs13144478 TT homozygotes. CONCLUSION High serum resistin levels are associated with low BMD and single nucleotide variation in rs3931020 and rs13144478 may lead to high serum resistin levels and low bone mineral density. Resistin can serve as a new genetic marker, potential therapeutic target and predictor of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Tariq
- Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saba Tariq, ; Sundus Tariq,
| | - Saba Tariq
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saba Tariq, ; Sundus Tariq,
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Parvez Lone
- Physiology/Metabolic Disorders, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Recio-López P, Valladolid-Acebes I, Berggren PO, Juntti-Berggren L. Apolipoprotein CIII Reduction Protects White Adipose Tissues against Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010062. [PMID: 35008488 PMCID: PMC8744831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is proinflammatory and increases in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance. We have previously shown that reducing apoCIII improves insulin sensitivity in vivo by complex mechanisms involving liver and brown adipose tissue. In this study the focus was on subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) white adipose tissue (WAT). Mice were either given HFD for 14 weeks and directly from start also treated with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against apoCIII or given HFD for 10 weeks and HFD+ASO for an additional 14 weeks. Both groups had animals treated with inactive (Scr) ASO as controls and in parallel chow-fed mice were injected with saline. Preventing an increase or lowering apoCIII in the HFD-fed mice decreased adipocytes’ size, reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of genes related to thermogenesis and beiging. Isolated adipocytes from both VAT and SAT from the ASO-treated mice had normal insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis compared to cells from Scr-treated mice. In conclusion, the HFD-induced metabolic derangements in WATs can be prevented and reversed by lowering apoCIII.
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Longenecker JZ, Petrosino JM, Martens CR, Hinger SA, Royer CJ, Dorn LE, Branch DA, Serrano J, Stanford KI, Kyriazis GA, Baskin KK, Accornero F. Cardiac-derived TGF-β1 confers resistance to diet-induced obesity through the regulation of adipocyte size and function. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101343. [PMID: 34583010 PMCID: PMC8529557 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of organismal homeostasis in response to nutrient availability is a vital physiological process that involves inter-organ communication. Understanding the mechanisms controlling systemic cross-talk for the maintenance of metabolic health is critical to counteract diet-induced obesity. Here, we show that cardiac-derived transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) protects against weight gain and glucose intolerance in mice subjected to high-fat diet. Secretion of TGF-β1 by cardiomyocytes correlates with the bioavailability of this factor in circulation. TGF-β1 prevents adipose tissue inflammation independent of body mass and glucose metabolism phenotypes, indicating protection from adipocyte dysfunction-driven immune cell recruitment. TGF-β1 alters the gene expression programs in white adipocytes, favoring their fatty acid oxidation and consequently increasing their mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. Ultimately, subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue from cadiac-specific TGF-β1 transgenic mice fail to undergo cellular hypertrophy, leading to reduced overall adiposity during high-fat feeding. Thus, TGF-β1 is a critical mediator of heart-fat communication for the regulation of systemic metabolism. TGFb1 is secreted from the heart to alter systemic metabolism. TGFb1 protects from diet-induced obesity. TGFb1 increases mitochondrial basal respiration in white adipocytes. Cardiac-derived TGFb1 prevents adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Z Longenecker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Petrosino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colton R Martens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott A Hinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charlotte J Royer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa E Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A Branch
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joan Serrano
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - George A Kyriazis
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kedryn K Baskin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Byrne J, Murphy C, Keogh JB, Clifton PM. The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Randomised Cross-Over Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8169. [PMID: 34360460 PMCID: PMC8346147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports an association between low magnesium (Mg) intake and coronary heart disease and between Mg intake and endothelial function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of one week of Mg supplementation on endothelial function, assessed by flow mediated dilatation (FMD). Nineteen healthy men and women completed this cross-over pilot study in which participants were randomised to take an over-the-counter magnesium supplement for one week or to follow their usual diet. Weight, FMD and blood pressure (BP) were taken on completion of each intervention and 24 h urine collections and blood samples were taken to assess compliance. Baseline serum Mg was within normal range for all participants. Urinary Mg and urinary magnesium-creatinine ratio (Mg/Cr) significantly increased between interventions, (p = 0.03, p = 0.005, respectively). No significant differences in FMD or BP were found between the interventions. A significant negative correlation was seen between age and FMD (r = -0.496, p = 0.031). When adjusted for age, saturated fat was negatively associated with FMD (p = 0.045). One week of Mg supplementation did not improve FMD in a healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Byrne
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (J.B.); (C.M.); (J.B.K.)
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitríona Murphy
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (J.B.); (C.M.); (J.B.K.)
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer B. Keogh
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (J.B.); (C.M.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Peter M. Clifton
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (J.B.); (C.M.); (J.B.K.)
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