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Zhao Y, Fei L, Duan Y. Movement disorders related to antidiabetic medications: a real-world pharmacovigilance study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111128. [PMID: 39181309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Mellitus (DM) has progressively emerged as a worldwide health problem, leading to the widespread deployment of antidiabetic drugs as the primary therapy in the global population. The incidence of diabetes medications-related movement disorders (drMD) is noteworthy but underestimated by clinical practitioners. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In order to address the incidence of drMD in DM patients and realize the serious outcomes associated with drMD, we conducted a real-world pharmacovigilance study of 612,043 DM patients using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 2004 to September 2023. Reporting Odd Ratio (ROR) was calculated to reflect the risk of drMD. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to adjust crude ROR with the mixed factors including age, sex and various antidiabetic treatments. Afterward, a Mendelian Randomization (MR) study was performed to elucidate the underlying genetic correlation between the genetically proxied targets of antidiabetic drugs and motor disorders. RESULTS Among 11,729 cases of motor adverse events in DM patients, six categories of drMD were significantly associated with DM medications. Noticeably, metformin was revealed to drastically increase the incidence of parkinsonism (adjusted ROR:3.97; 95 %CI (3.03, 5.19), p = 5.68e-24), bradykinesia (adjusted ROR:1.69; 95 %CI (1.07,2.59), p = 0.02) and irregular hyperkinesia, including chorea, choreoathetosis and athetosis. Insulin/insulin analogues and GLP-1 analogues presented notably higher odds of tremor: the adjusted ROR (aROR) of insulin and GLP-1 analogue is respectively 1.24 (95 %CI (1.15,1.34), p = 2.51e-08) and 1.78 (95 %CI (1.65,1.91), p = 5.64e-54). The combined therapeutic effects of multiple genetic variants of metformin, especially AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were markedly linked to a greater likelihood of developing secondary parkinsonism (OR:10.816, p = 0.049) according to MR analyses. CONCLUSION The use of antidiabetic medications was significantly related to an increased incidence of movement disorders in DM patients. Moreover, MR analyses provided further genetic evidence for the pharmacovigilance study. This comprehensive investigation might help physicians recognize neurological adverse events associated with antidiabetic treatments and administer effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450053, China; Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450053, China
| | - Lu Fei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450053, China; Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450053, China
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Loos JA, Negro PS, Ortega HH, Salinas FJ, Arán M, Pellizza L, Salerno GL, Cumino AC. Anti-echinococcal effect of metformin in advanced experimental cystic echinococcosis: reprogrammed intermediary carbon metabolism in the parasite. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0094124. [PMID: 39264188 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00941-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a safe biguanide derivative with antiproliferative properties, has shown antiparasitic efficacy against the Echinococcus larval stage. Hence, we assessed the efficacy of a dose of 250 mg kg-1 day-1 in experimental models of advanced CE, at 6 and 12 months post-infection with oral and intraperitoneal administration, respectively. At this high dose, metformin reached intracystic concentrations between 0.7 and 1.7 mM and triggered Eg-TOR inhibition through AMPK activation by AMP-independent and -dependent mechanisms, which are dependent on drug dose. Cystic metformin uptake was controlled by increased expression of organic cation transporters in the presence of the drug. In both experimental models, metformin reduced the weight of parasite cysts, altered the ultrastructural integrity of their germinal layers, and reduced the intracystic availability of glucose, limiting the cellular carbon and energy charge and the proliferative capacity of metacestodes. This glucose depletion in the parasite was associated with a slight increase in cystic uptake of 2-deoxiglucose and the transcriptional induction of GLUT genes in metacestodes. In this context, drastic glycogen consumption led to increased lactate production and altered intermediary metabolism in treated metacestodes. Specifically, the fraction of reducing soluble sugars decreased twofold, and the levels of non-reducing soluble sugars, such as sucrose and trehalose, were modified in both cystic fluid and germinal cells. Taken together, our findings highlight the relevance of metformin as a promising candidate for CE treatment and warrant further research to improve the therapeutic conditions of this chronic zoonosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Loos
- IIPROSAM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Perla S Negro
- Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Casilda, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, ICiVet-Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Facundo J Salinas
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, ICiVet-Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Martín Arán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir e Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Pellizza
- Fundación Instituto Leloir e Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela L Salerno
- Fundación Para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Cumino
- IIPROSAM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Newman C, Dunne FP. Treatment of Diabetes in Pregnancy With Metformin. Obstet Gynecol 2024:00006250-990000000-01140. [PMID: 39208454 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is a commonly used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been used to treat gestational diabetes since the 1970s. In pregnancy, its proven benefits include reduced gestational weight gain and reduced fetal size; some studies have shown reduced risk of cesarean delivery and lower rates of hypertension. Metformin can reduce the need for insulin therapy but does not eliminate such need in many patients. Despite these benefits, metformin crosses the placenta and has been associated with increases in the risk of giving birth to small-for-gestational-age neonates in some studies of individuals with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. In addition, higher body mass index (BMI) z-scores have been observed among exposed offspring in some of the long-term follow-up studies. Nevertheless, metformin's low cost, ease of administration, and global reach make it a reasonable intervention in a population affected by rising rates of obesity and diabetes in pregnancy. Further follow-up studies are required to monitor the long-term health of exposed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Newman
- Institute for Clinical Trials, the HRB-Clinical Research Facility, and the College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, and Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Sarkar K, Chatterjee A, Bankura B, Bank S, Paul N, Chatterjee S, Das A, Dutta K, Chakraborty S, De S, Al-Masud AA, Khan GA, Chattopadhyay D, Das M. Efficacy of pegylated Graphene oxide quantum dots as a nanoconjugate sustained release metformin delivery system in in vitro insulin resistance model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307166. [PMID: 39133725 PMCID: PMC11318915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the primary therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), showed limitations such as varying absorption, rapid system clearance, required large amount, resistance, longstanding side effects. Use of Nano formulations for pharmaceuticals is emerging as a viable technique to reduce negative consequences of drug, while simultaneously attaining precise release and targeted distribution. This study developed a Polyethylene Glycol conjugated Graphene Oxide Quantum dots (GOQD-PEG) nanocomposite for the sustained release of metformin. Herein, we evaluated the effectiveness of metformin-loaded nanoconjugate in in vitro insulin resistance model. Results demonstrated drug loaded nanoconjugate successfully restored glucose uptake and reversed insulin resistance in in vitro conditions at reduced dosage compared to free metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Sarbashri Bank
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Nirvika Paul
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Anwesha Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Koushik Dutta
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sriparna De
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Kolkata, India
| | - Alaa A. Al-Masud
- Tissue Biobank Section, Research Department, Natural and Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gausal Azam Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al ASHA, KSA
| | | | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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5
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Papila B, Karimova A, Onaran I. Altered lactate/pyruvate ratio may be responsible for aging-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction in male rats. Biogerontology 2024; 25:679-689. [PMID: 38619668 PMCID: PMC11217102 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Some evidence points to a link between aging-related increased intestinal permeability and mitochondrial dysfunction in in-vivo models. Several studies have also demonstrated age-related accumulation of the of specific deletion 4834-bp of "common" mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in various rat tissues and suggest that this deletion may disrupt mitochondrial metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate possible associations among the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) common deletion, mitochondrial function, intestinal permeability, and aging in rats. The study was performed on the intestinal tissue from (24 months) and young (4 months) rats. mtDNA4834 deletion, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP, lactate and pyruvate levels were analyzed in tissue samples. Zonulin and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) levels were also evaluated in serum. Serum zonulin and I-FABP levels were significantly higher in 24-month-old rats than 4-month-old rats (p = 0.04, p = 0.026, respectively). There is not significant difference in mtDNA4834 copy levels was observed between the old and young intestinal tissues (p > 0.05). The intestinal mitochondrial DNA copy number was similar between the two age groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in ATP levels in the intestinal tissue lysates between old and young rats (p > 0.05). ATP levels in isolated mitochondria from both groups were also similar. Analysis of MMP using JC-10 in intestinal tissue mitochondria showed that mitochondrial membrane potentials (red/green ratios) were similar between the two age groups (p > 0.05). Pyruvate tended to be higher in the 24-month-old rat group and the L/P ratio was found to be approximately threefold lower in the intestinal tissue of the older rats compared to the younger rats (p < 0.002). The tissue lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) was three times lower in old rats than in young rats. Additionally, there were significant negative correlations between intestinal permeability parameters and L/P ratios. The intestinal tissues of aged rats are not prone to accumulate mtDNA common deletion, we suggest that this mutation does not explain the age-related increase in intestinal permeability. It seems to be more likely that altered glycolytic capacity could be a link to increased intestinal permeability with age. This observation strengthens assertions that the balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism may play a critical role in intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Papila
- Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa, Fatih, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayla Karimova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Onaran
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Kim J, Park SH, Kim DY, Ryu HW, Jun HS. Molecular Mechanisms of Anticarcinogenic Potential of Hydrocotyle umbellata and Its Major Components. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:1018-1030. [PMID: 38994559 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2377344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of several anticancer treatments, there remains a need for new drugs that can overcome resistance and reduce side effects. While the medicinal herb Hydrocotyle umbellata (H. umbellata) has been used to relieve pain and inflammation, its antitumor properties have not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated the anticarcinogenic potential of H. umbellata extract (HUE) and its major components, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that HUE inhibited the growth of various tumor cell lines, including B16F10, without affecting non-cancer cells. Furthermore, HUE was effective in treating and preventing tumor growth in mice. Our mechanistic studies revealed that HUE inhibited cellular respiration, thereby reducing tumor cell proliferation. When combined with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, HUE demonstrated an enhanced anticancer effect by increasing the rate apoptosis. Analysis of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of HUE identified 1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-butanyl-α-d-glucopyranoside and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives as the major components responsible for the observed anticancer effects. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HUE and its two major components have the potential to be developed as effective therapeutic agents for a wide range of tumors by targeting cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Jun
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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7
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Dixon S, Tran A, Schrier MS, Dong J, Deth RC, Castejon A, Trivedi MS. Metformin-induced oxidative stress inhibits LNCaP prostate cancer cell survival. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:729. [PMID: 38862809 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical studies over the past several decades have indicated the potential value of metformin, a widely utilized treatment for Type 2 diabetes, in prostate cancer therapy. Notably, these studies demonstrated metformin's pleiotropic effects on several molecular and metabolic pathways, such as androgen signaling, cell cycle, and cellular bioenergetics. In this study we investigated the role of metformin in regulating intracellular redox status and cell survival in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The cytotoxic effects of metformin with or without the presence of SBI0206965 (AMPK inhibitor) on LNCaP cells were determined using MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. Seahorse XP extracellular analysis, Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrophotometry (LC/MS), and 2,7- and Dichlorofluoresin diacetate (DCFDA) assay were used to assess the effects of metformin on cellular bioenergetics, redox status, and redox-related metabolites. mRNA expression and protein concentration of redox-related enzymes were measured using Real Time-qPCR and ELISA assay, respectively. Independently of AMP-activated protein kinase, metformin exhibited a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of LNCaP cell survival, a response mitigated by glutathione or N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavengers) treatment. Notably, these findings were concomitant with a decline in ATP levels and the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. The results further indicated metformin's induction of reactive oxygen species, which significantly decreased glutathione levels and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, as well as the transsulfuration metabolite, cystathionine. Consistent with an induction of oxidative stress condition, metformin increased mRNA levels of the master redox transcription factor Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like), as well as transsulfuration enzymes cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionase and GSH synthesis enzymes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight multiple mechanisms by which metformin-induced formation of reactive oxygen species may contribute to its efficacy in prostate cancer treatment, including promotion of oxidative stress, Nrf2 activation, and modulation of redox-related pathways, leading to its anti-survival action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashana Dixon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
| | - Alice Tran
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 33328, USA
| | - Matthew S Schrier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Jianan Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Richard C Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Ana Castejon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Malav S Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman's College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
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Mok DZ, Tng DJ, Yee JX, Chew VS, Tham CY, Ooi JS, Tan HC, Zhang SL, Lin LZ, Ng WC, Jeeva LL, Murugayee R, Goh KKK, Lim TP, Cui L, Cheung YB, Ong EZ, Chan KR, Ooi EE, Low JG. Electron transport chain capacity expands yellow fever vaccine immunogenicity. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1310-1323. [PMID: 38745062 PMCID: PMC11178804 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has successfully controlled several infectious diseases although better vaccines remain desirable. Host response to vaccination studies have identified correlates of vaccine immunogenicity that could be useful to guide development and selection of future vaccines. However, it remains unclear whether these findings represent mere statistical correlations or reflect functional associations with vaccine immunogenicity. Functional associations, rather than statistical correlates, would offer mechanistic insights into vaccine-induced adaptive immunity. Through a human experimental study to test the immunomodulatory properties of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, we chanced upon a functional determinant of neutralizing antibodies. Although vaccine viremia is a known correlate of antibody response, we found that in healthy volunteers with no detectable or low yellow fever 17D viremia, metformin-treated volunteers elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers than placebo-treated volunteers. Transcriptional and metabolomic analyses collectively showed that a brief course of metformin, started 3 days prior to YF17D vaccination and stopped at 3 days after vaccination, expanded oxidative phosphorylation and protein translation capacities. These increased capacities directly correlated with YF17D neutralizing antibody titers, with reduced reactive oxygen species response compared to placebo-treated volunteers. Our findings thus demonstrate a functional association between cellular respiration and vaccine-induced humoral immunity and suggest potential approaches to enhancing vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Zl Mok
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danny Jh Tng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Yee
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Sy Chew
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Yl Tham
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Sg Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Summer L Zhang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lowell Z Lin
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wy Ching Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lavanya Lakshmi Jeeva
- SingHealth Investigational Medicine Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramya Murugayee
- SingHealth Investigational Medicine Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin K-K Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze-Peng Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Cui
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Translational Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jenny G Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Tang Y, Liu T, Sun S, Peng Y, Huang X, Wang S, Zhou Z. Role and Mechanism of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2861-2871. [PMID: 38741613 PMCID: PMC11090192 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s451398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
GDF-15 is an essential member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Its functions mainly involve in tissue injury, inflammation, fibrosis, regulation of appetite and weight, development of tumor, and cardiovascular disease. GDF-15 is involved in various signaling pathways, such as MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, STAT3 pathway, RET pathway, and SMAD pathway. In addition, several factors such as p53, ROS, and TNF-α participate the regulation of GDF-15. However, the specific mechanism of these factors regulating GDF-15 is still unclear and more research is needed to explore them. GDF-15 mainly improves the function of kidneys in CKD and plays an important role in the prediction of CKD progression and cardiovascular complications. In addition, the role of GDF-15 in the kidney may be related to the SMAD and MAPK pathways. However, the specific mechanism of these pathways remains unclear. Accordingly, more research on the specific mechanism of GDF-15 affecting kidney disease is needed in the future. In conclusion, GDF-15 may be a therapeutic target for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youbo Peng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Xishuangbanna, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangquan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Xishuangbanna, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Cheng M, Ren L, Jia X, Wang J, Cong B. Understanding the action mechanisms of metformin in the gastrointestinal tract. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1347047. [PMID: 38617792 PMCID: PMC11010946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1347047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the initial medication recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to diabetes treatment, the function of metformin also can be anti-aging, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Nevertheless, further exploration is required to fully understand its mode of operation. Historically, the liver has been acknowledged as the main location where metformin reduces glucose levels, however, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract also plays a significant role in its action. In the gastrointestinal tract, metformin effects glucose uptake and absorption, increases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, alters the composition and structure of the gut microbiota, and modulates the immune response. However, the side effects of it cannot be ignored such as gastrointestinal distress in patients. This review outlines the impact of metformin on the digestive system and explores potential explanations for variations in metformin effectiveness and adverse effects like gastrointestinal discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Cheng
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianxian Jia
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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11
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Shi J, Du G. Metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis favors cartilage progenitor cells rejuvenation. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105634. [PMID: 37684000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the leading cause of disability in the elderly, still lacks effective treatment due to the unelucidated mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression. In cartilage, although the solo cell type of chondrocytes is resident, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) are identified. Chondrocytes in cartilage mainly utilize glycolysis because of the low oxygen tension. Until now, whether the metabolic pathway changes are associated with OA initiation or progression, as well as the biology of CPCs, remains fully clarified. By reviewing relevant literature from previous functional studies, we further mined recently published mouse and human chondrocytes single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets to explore gene expression profiles shift in OA initiation or during OA progression, regarding metabolism. In this review, we demonstrated that chondrocytes' metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in OA initiation or during OA progression. Genes that related to OXPHOS, electron transport, mitochondrial translation, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly were upregulated in chondrocytes of injured cartilage or during OA progression. In addition, compared to OXPHOS, glycolysis facilitates CPC expansion and chondrogenic potential. The collated information suggests a potential therapeutic for OA through metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis to interrupt OA pathology and favor CPCs rejuvenation to restore healthy cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Jingdezhen First People's Hospital, 317 ZhonghuaBei Road, Zhushan District, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, 333000, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Du
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461, Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.
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12
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Ke Z, Lu Z, Li Q, Tong W. Intestinal glucose excretion: A potential mechanism for glycemic control. Metabolism 2024; 152:155743. [PMID: 38007149 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The gut has been increasingly recognized in recent years as a pivotal organ in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Specifically, the profound and enduring improvement in glucose metabolism achieved through metabolic surgery to modify the anatomy of the gut has prompted scholars to acknowledge that the most effective strategy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves the gut. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of glucose metabolism by the gut encompass gut hormones, bile acids, intestinal gluconeogenesis, gut microbiota, and signaling interactions between the gut and other organs (liver, brain, adipose, etc.). Recent studies have also revealed a novel phenomenon of glucose lowering through the gut: metabolic surgery and metformin promote the excretion of glucose from the circulation into the intestinal lumen by enterocytes. However, there is still limited understanding regarding the underlying mechanisms of intestinal glucose excretion and its contribution to glycemic control. This article reviews current research on intestinal glucose excretion while focusing on its role in T2DM management as well as potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ke
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zongshi Lu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Weidong Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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13
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Reyes J, Zhao Y, Pandya K, Yap GS. Growth differentiation factor-15 is an IFN-γ regulated mediator of infection-induced weight loss and the hepatic FGF21 response. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:24-33. [PMID: 38013040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are often accompanied by weight loss caused by alterations in host behavior and metabolism, also known as sickness behaviors. Recent studies have revealed that sickness behaviors can either promote or impede survival during infections depending on factors such as the type of infectious pathogen. Nevertheless, we have an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sickness behaviors. Furthermore, although the host immune responses to infections have long been known to contribute to the induction of sickness behaviors, recent studies have identified emerging cytokines that are also key regulators of host metabolism during infection and inflammation, such as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). GDF-15 is a distant member of the TGF-β superfamily that causes weight loss by suppressing appetite and food consumption and causing emesis. These effects require activation of neurons that express the only known GDF-15 receptor, the GFRAL receptor. GDF-15 also functions in the periphery including the induction of ketogenesis and immunoregulation. Nevertheless, the functions and regulation of GDF-15 during live infections is not yet known. Murine infection with avirulent Toxoplasma gondii is an established model to understand infection-induced weight loss. Past studies have determined that acute T. gondii infection causes weight loss due to diminished food consumption and increased energy expenditure through unknown mechanisms. Additionally, our lab previously demonstrated that T. gondii causes upregulation in serum GDF-15 in an IFN-γ-dependent manner during the post-acute phase of the infection. In this study, we interrogated the in-vivo functions and immune regulation of GDF-15 during Toxoplasma gondii infection. First, we found that in wild-type mice, acute T. gondii infection caused a significant weight loss that is preceded by elevation of serum levels of IFN-γ and GDF-15. To determine whether IFN-γ regulates GDF-15, we neutralized IFN-γ on days 5 and 6 and measured GDF-15 on day 7 and found that serum but not tissue levels of GDF-15 decreased after IFN-γ neutralization. Additionally, exogenous IFN-γ was sufficient to elevate serum GDF-15 in the absence of infection. Next, we compared the outcomes of T. gondii infection between WT and Gdf15-/- mice. We observed that the weight trajectories were declining in WT mice while they were increasing in Gdf15-/-mice during the acute phase of the infection. This difference in trajectories extended throughout the chronic infection resulting to an overall weight loss relative to initial weights in WT mice but not Gdf15-/-mice. Then, we determined that GDF-15 is not essential for survival and immunoregulation during T. gondii infection. We also demonstrated that GDF-15 is required for the induction of FGF21, stress-induced cytokine with prominent roles in regulating host metabolism. Finally, we discovered a cytokine cascade IFN-γ-GDF-15-FGF21 that is likely involved in the regulation of host metabolism. Overall, our study provides evidence that IFN-γ contributes to the regulation of host metabolism during infection by inducing GDF-15 and FGF21. GDF-15 orchestrates changes in host metabolism that supports the host immune response in clearing the infection. These physiological alterations induce FGF21, which in turn, orchestrates the adaptive responses to the effects of GDF-15, which can be detrimental when protracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo Reyes
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Krushang Pandya
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States; Program of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, United States
| | - George S Yap
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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14
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Arnold M, Buyukozkan M, Doraiswamy PM, Nho K, Wu T, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Wang-Sattler R, Adamski J, De Jager PL, Ertekin-Taner N, Bennett DA, Saykin AJ, Peters A, Suhre K, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Kastenmüller G, Krumsiek J. Individual bioenergetic capacity as a potential source of resilience to Alzheimer's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.23.23297820. [PMID: 38313266 PMCID: PMC10836119 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.23297820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Impaired glucose uptake in the brain is one of the earliest presymptomatic manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The absence of symptoms for extended periods of time suggests that compensatory metabolic mechanisms can provide resilience. Here, we introduce the concept of a systemic 'bioenergetic capacity' as the innate ability to maintain energy homeostasis under pathological conditions, potentially serving as such a compensatory mechanism. We argue that fasting blood acylcarnitine profiles provide an approximate peripheral measure for this capacity that mirrors bioenergetic dysregulation in the brain. Using unsupervised subgroup identification, we show that fasting serum acylcarnitine profiles of participants from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative yields bioenergetically distinct subgroups with significant differences in AD biomarker profiles and cognitive function. To assess the potential clinical relevance of this finding, we examined factors that may offer diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. First, we identified a genotype affecting the bioenergetic capacity which was linked to succinylcarnitine metabolism and significantly modulated the rate of future cognitive decline. Second, a potentially modifiable influence of beta-oxidation efficiency seemed to decelerate bioenergetic aging and disease progression. Our findings, which are supported by data from more than 9,000 individuals, suggest that interventions tailored to enhance energetic health and to slow bioenergetic aging could mitigate the risk of symptomatic AD, especially in individuals with specific mitochondrial genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Buyukozkan
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; IBE, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK e.V.), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Kincaid JWR, Rimmington D, Tadross JA, Cimino I, Zvetkova I, Kaser A, Richards P, Patel S, O'Rahilly S, Coll AP. The gastrointestinal tract is a major source of the acute metformin-stimulated rise in GDF15. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1899. [PMID: 38253650 PMCID: PMC10803367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The hormone GDF15 is secreted in response to cellular stressors. Metformin elevates circulating levels of GDF15, an action important for the drug's beneficial effects on body weight. Metformin can also inhibit mammalian respiratory complex I, leading to decreases in ATP:AMP ratio, activation of AMP Kinase (AMPK), and increased GDF15 production. We undertook studies using a range of mice with tissue-specific loss of Gdf15 (namely gut, liver and global deletion) to determine the relative contributions of two classical metformin target tissues, the gut and liver, to the elevation of GDF15 seen with metformin. In addition, we performed comparative studies with another pharmacological agent, the AMP kinase pan-activator, MK-8722. Deletion of Gdf15 from the intestinal epithelium significantly reduced the circulating GDF15 response to oral metformin, whereas deletion of Gdf15 from the liver had no effect. In contrast, deletion of Gdf15 from the liver, but not the gut, markedly reduced circulating GDF15 responses to MK-8722. Further, our data show that, while GDF15 restricts high-fat diet-induced weight gain, the intestinal production of GDF15 is not necessary for this effect. These findings add to the body of evidence implicating the intestinal epithelium in key aspects of the pharmacology of metformin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W R Kincaid
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Debra Rimmington
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John A Tadross
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Genomics Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS East Genomic Laboratory Hub, East Genomics, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Irene Cimino
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul Richards
- Kallyope, Inc., 430 East 29th, Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Satish Patel
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anthony P Coll
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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16
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Shahir JA, Stanley N, Purvis JE. Cellograph: a semi-supervised approach to analyzing multi-condition single-cell RNA-sequencing data using graph neural networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:25. [PMID: 38221640 PMCID: PMC10788980 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the growing number of single-cell datasets collected under more complex experimental conditions, there is an opportunity to leverage single-cell variability to reveal deeper insights into how cells respond to perturbations. Many existing approaches rely on discretizing the data into clusters for differential gene expression (DGE), effectively ironing out any information unveiled by the single-cell variability across cell-types. In addition, DGE often assumes a statistical distribution that, if erroneous, can lead to false positive differentially expressed genes. Here, we present Cellograph: a semi-supervised framework that uses graph neural networks to quantify the effects of perturbations at single-cell granularity. Cellograph not only measures how prototypical cells are of each condition but also learns a latent space that is amenable to interpretable data visualization and clustering. The learned gene weight matrix from training reveals pertinent genes driving the differences between conditions. We demonstrate the utility of our approach on publicly-available datasets including cancer drug therapy, stem cell reprogramming, and organoid differentiation. Cellograph outperforms existing methods for quantifying the effects of experimental perturbations and offers a novel framework to analyze single-cell data using deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshaid A Shahir
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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17
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Robinson IG, Pantaleão LC, Armstrong JL, Thackray BD, Holzner LMW, Knapton AE, Virtue S, Jenkins B, Koulman A, Murray AJ, Ozanne SE, Aiken CE. The metabolic response of human trophoblasts derived from term placentas to metformin. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2320-2331. [PMID: 37670017 PMCID: PMC10627909 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metformin is increasingly used therapeutically during pregnancy worldwide, particularly in the treatment of gestational diabetes, which affects a substantial proportion of pregnant women globally. However, the impact on placental metabolism remains unclear. In view of the association between metformin use in pregnancy and decreased birthweight, it is essential to understand how metformin modulates the bioenergetic and anabolic functions of the placenta. METHODS A cohort of 55 placentas delivered by elective Caesarean section at term was collected from consenting participants. Trophoblasts were isolated from the placental samples and treated in vitro with clinically relevant doses of metformin (0.01 mmol/l or 0.1 mmol/l) or vehicle. Respiratory function was assayed using high-resolution respirometry to measure oxygen concentration and calculated [Formula: see text]. Glycolytic rate and glycolytic stress assays were performed using Agilent Seahorse XF assays. Fatty acid uptake and oxidation measurements were conducted using radioisotope-labelled assays. Lipidomic analysis was conducted using LC-MS. Gene expression and protein analysis were performed using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Complex I-supported oxidative phosphorylation was lower in metformin-treated trophoblasts (0.01 mmol/l metformin, 61.7% of control, p<0.05; 0.1 mmol/l metformin, 43.1% of control, p<0.001). The proton efflux rate arising from glycolysis under physiological conditions was increased following metformin treatment, up to 23±5% above control conditions following treatment with 0.1 mmol/l metformin (p<0.01). There was a significant increase in triglyceride concentrations in trophoblasts treated with 0.1 mmol/l metformin (p<0.05), particularly those of esters of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid oxidation was reduced by ~50% in trophoblasts treated with 0.1 mmol/l metformin compared with controls (p<0.001), with no difference in uptake between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In primary trophoblasts derived from term placentas metformin treatment caused a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation through partial inactivation of complex I and potentially by other mechanisms. Metformin-treated trophoblasts accumulate lipids, particularly long- and very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our findings raise clinically important questions about the balance of risk of metformin use during pregnancy, particularly in situations where the benefits are not clear-cut and alternative therapies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - India G Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucas C Pantaleão
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenna L Armstrong
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin D Thackray
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorenz M W Holzner
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice E Knapton
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Virtue
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Uematsu T, Masuki H, Nakamura M, Kawabata H, Kitamura Y, Watanabe T, Watanabe T, Mochizuki T, Ushiki T, Kawase T. Metformin-suppressed platelet's function in vitro: Possible relation to delayed or failure of platelet-rich fibrin preparation. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105692. [PMID: 37673314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a popular autologous blood-derived biomaterial that is used in regenerative therapy. Owing to its simple preparation without additional factors, the PRF quality directly reflects the characteristics of individual blood samples. Antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs can hamper the successful preparation of PRF. We recently observed similar phenomena in metformin-taking type-2 diabetics (T2DM). Thus, we hypothesized that metformin interferes with platelet function, thereby suppressing coagulation. For practical reasons, leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma was prepared from healthy male donors (n = 9-15, age: 26-80 years) and treated with metformin (1-10 mM) for 24-72 h. Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation activities were evaluated using prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (ATPP). Platelet adhesion and aggregation assays were performed using ADP stimulation. Among the parameters tested, APTT was the most sensitive and was significantly prolonged in the concentration range of 1-10 mM in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Although obtained from healthy platelets and relatively higher concentrations of metformin, these findings suggest that metformin may induce further dysfunction of platelets to suppress intrinsic coagulation activity in T2DM patients, leading to failure of PRF preparation. This phenomenon may not have a severe impact on clinical diabetology or hematology. However, clinicians using PRF are recommended to be more sensitive to such information to avoid unexpected events in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideo Masuki
- Tokyo Plastic Dental Society, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomoharu Mochizuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushiki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan; Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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19
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Chen F, Wang L, Feng Y, Ma W, Liu J, Bi Q, Song Y, Gao R, Jia Y. F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 16 controls tamoxifen sensitivity via regulation of mitochondrial respiration in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:2087-2098. [PMID: 37537406 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is one of the most effective therapeutic tools for estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer. However, the intrinsic insensitivity and resistance to tamoxifen remains a significant hurdle for achieving optimal responses and curative therapy. In this study, we report that F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 16 (FBXL16) is located in the mitochondria of ER + breast cancer cells. The mitochondrial FBXL16 plays an essential role in sustaining mitochondrial respiration and thereby regulates the sensitivity of ER + breast cancer cells to tamoxifen treatment. Importantly, high FBXL16 expression is significantly correlated with poor overall survival of ER + breast cancer patients. Moreover, mitochondrial inhibition phenocopies FBXL16 depletion in terms of sensitizing the ER + breast cancer cells to tamoxifen treatment. Together, our study demonstrates that FBXL16 acts as a novel regulator of tamoxifen sensitivity. Thus, targeting FBXL16 may serve as a promising approach for improving the therapeutic efficacy of tamoxifen in ER + breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrong Feng
- Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenxin Ma
- Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junqin Liu
- Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianyao Bi
- Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Morrice N, Vainio S, Mikkola K, van Aalten L, Gallagher JR, Ashford MLJ, McNeilly AD, McCrimmon RJ, Grosfeld A, Serradas P, Koffert J, Pearson ER, Nuutila P, Sutherland C. Metformin increases the uptake of glucose into the gut from the circulation in high-fat diet-fed male mice, which is enhanced by a reduction in whole-body Slc2a2 expression. Mol Metab 2023; 77:101807. [PMID: 37717665 PMCID: PMC10550722 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin is the first line therapy recommended for type 2 diabetes. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear and up to a quarter of patients show some degree of intolerance to the drug, with a similar number showing poor response to treatment, limiting its effectiveness. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of metformin may improve its clinical use. SLC2A2 (GLUT2) is a transmembrane facilitated glucose transporter, with important roles in the liver, gut and pancreas. Our group previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human SLC2A2 gene, which were associated with reduced transporter expression and an improved response to metformin treatment. The aims of this study were to model Slc2a2 deficiency and measure the impact on glucose homoeostasis and metformin response in mice. METHODS We performed extensive metabolic phenotyping and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) analysis of gut glucose uptake in high-fat diet-fed (HFD) mice with whole-body reduced Slc2a2 (Slc2a2+/-) and intestinal Slc2a2 KO, to assess the impact of metformin treatment. RESULTS Slc2a2 partial deficiency had no major impact on body weight and insulin sensitivity, however mice with whole-body reduced Slc2a2 expression (Slc2a2+/-) developed an age-related decline in glucose homoeostasis (as measured by glucose tolerance test) compared to wild-type (Slc2a2+/+) littermates. Glucose uptake into the gut from the circulation was enhanced by metformin exposure in Slc2a2+/+ animals fed HFD and this action of the drug was significantly higher in Slc2a2+/- animals. However, there was no effect of specifically knocking-out Slc2a2 in the mouse intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work identifies a differential metformin response, dependent on expression of the SLC2A2 glucose transporter, and also adds to the growing evidence that metformin efficacy includes modifying glucose transport in the gut. We also describe a novel and important role for this transporter in maintaining efficient glucose homoeostasis during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Morrice
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Susanne Vainio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Mikkola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lidy van Aalten
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jennifer R Gallagher
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alison D McNeilly
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alexandra Grosfeld
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Serradas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic approaches, NutriOmics, Research group, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK.
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21
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Barroso M, Monaghan MG, Niesner R, Dmitriev RI. Probing organoid metabolism using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM): The next frontier of drug discovery and disease understanding. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115081. [PMID: 37647987 PMCID: PMC10543546 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have been used to address important questions in developmental and cancer biology, tissue repair, advanced modelling of disease and therapies, among other bioengineering applications. Such 3D microenvironmental models can investigate the regulation of cell metabolism, and provide key insights into the mechanisms at the basis of cell growth, differentiation, communication, interactions with the environment and cell death. Their accessibility and complexity, based on 3D spatial and temporal heterogeneity, make organoids suitable for the application of novel, dynamic imaging microscopy methods, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and related decay time-assessing readouts. Several biomarkers and assays have been proposed to study cell metabolism by FLIM in various organoid models. Herein, we present an expert-opinion discussion on the principles of FLIM and PLIM, instrumentation and data collection and analysis protocols, and general and emerging biosensor-based approaches, to highlight the pioneering work being performed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 02, Ireland
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin and Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Brīvība M, Silamiķele L, Kalniņa I, Silamiķelis I, Birzniece L, Ansone L, Jagare L, Elbere I, Kloviņš J. Metformin targets intestinal immune system signaling pathways in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232143. [PMID: 37795356 PMCID: PMC10546317 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research findings of the past decade have highlighted the gut as the main site of action of the oral antihyperglycemic agent metformin despite its pharmacological role in the liver. Extensive evidence supports metformin's modulatory effect on the composition and function of gut microbiota, nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of the host responses remain elusive. Our study aimed to evaluate metformin-induced alterations in the intestinal transcriptome profiles at different metabolic states. Methods The high-fat diet-induced mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance of both sexes was developed in a randomized block experiment and bulk RNA-Seq of the ileum tissue was the method of choice for comparative transcriptional profiling after metformin intervention for ten weeks. Results We found a prominent transcriptional effect of the diet itself with comparatively fewer genes responding to metformin intervention. The overrepresentation of immune-related genes was observed, including pronounced metformin-induced upregulation of immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region coding Ighv1-7 gene in both high-fat diet and control diet-fed animals. Moreover, we provide evidence of the downregulation NF-kappa B signaling pathway in the small intestine of both obese and insulin-resistant animals as well as control animals after metformin treatment. Finally, our data pinpoint the gut microbiota as a crucial component in the metformin-mediated downregulation of NF-kappa B signaling evidenced by a positive correlation between the Rel and Rela gene expression levels and abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides spp., and Lactobacillus spp. in the gut microbiota of the same animals. Discussion Our study supports the immunomodulatory effect of metformin in the ileum of obese and insulin-resistant C57BL/6N mice contributed by intestinal immunoglobulin responses, with a prominent emphasis on the downregulation of NF-kappa B signaling pathway, associated with alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monta Brīvība
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
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23
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Fan Q, Li H, Wang X, Tham YC, Teo KYC, Yasuda M, Lim WK, Kwan YP, Teo JX, Chen CJ, Chen LJ, Ahn J, Davila S, Miyake M, Tan P, Park KH, Pang CP, Khor CC, Wong TY, Yanagi Y, Cheung CMG, Cheng CY. Contribution of common and rare variants to Asian neovascular age-related macular degeneration subtypes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5574. [PMID: 37696869 PMCID: PMC10495468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), along with its clinical subtype known as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), are among the leading causes of vision loss in elderly Asians. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 3,128 nAMD (1,555 PCV and 1,573 typical nAMD), and 5,493 controls of East Asian ancestry, we identify twelve loci, of which four are novel ([Formula: see text]). Substantial genetic sharing between PCV and typical nAMD is noted (rg = 0.666), whereas collagen extracellular matrix and fibrosis-related pathways are more pronounced for PCV. Whole-exome sequencing in 259 PCV patients revealed functional rare variants burden in collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene (COL1A1; [Formula: see text]) and potential enrichment of functional rare mutations at AMD-associated loci. At the GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) locus, the most significant GWAS novel loci, the expressions of genes including laminin subunit alpha 5 (Lama5), mitochondrial ribosome associated GTPase 2 (Mtg2), and collagen type IX alpha 3 chain (Col9A3), are significantly induced during retinal angiogenesis and subretinal fibrosis in murine models. Furthermore, retinoic acid increased the expression of LAMA5 and MTG2 in vitro. Taken together, our data provide insights into the genetic basis of AMD pathogenesis in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fan
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hengtong Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Yi Chong Teo
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masayuki Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Genome Variation Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuet Ping Kwan
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Xian Teo
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Jou Chen
- Center for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sonia Davila
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Patrick Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chiea Chuan Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yasuo Yanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Microtechnology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Iborra FJ, Martí C, Calabuig-Navarro V, Papadopoulos P, Meseguer S, Iborra PM, García F, Martínez-Lorente A, Almazán F, Calabuig J. Chemotherapy induces cell plasticity; controlling plasticity increases therapeutic response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:256. [PMID: 37394666 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Iborra
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felípe (Associated Unit to Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
- Pathology and Molecular Therapy Department, Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia, (IBV), CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Martí
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felípe (Associated Unit to Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Virtu Calabuig-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felípe (Associated Unit to Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Pathology and Molecular Therapy Department, Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia, (IBV), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Petros Papadopoulos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salvador Meseguer
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felípe (Associated Unit to Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco García
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felípe (Associated Unit to Instituto de Biomedicína de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Lorente
- Vinalopó Hospitals, Elche, and Biotechnology Department, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Almazán
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Barroso E, Montori-Grau M, Wahli W, Palomer X, Vázquez-Carrera M. Striking a gut-liver balance for the antidiabetic effects of metformin. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:457-473. [PMID: 37188578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the most prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its mechanism of action has not yet been completely elucidated. Classically, the liver has been considered the major site of action of metformin. However, over the past few years, advances have unveiled the gut as an additional important target of metformin, which contributes to its glucose-lowering effect through new mechanisms of action. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of metformin action in the gut and the liver and its relevance in patients remains the challenge of present and future research and may impact drug development for the treatment of T2DM. Here, we offer a critical analysis of the current status of metformin-driven multiorgan glucose-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Montori-Grau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 308232, Singapore; ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, UMR1331, 31300 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Tong W, Hannou SA, Sargsyan A, Zhang GF, Grimsrud PA, Astapova I, Herman MA. "Metformin Impairs Intestinal Fructose Metabolism". BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537251. [PMID: 37131695 PMCID: PMC10153158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of metformin on intestinal carbohydrate metabolism in vivo. Method Male mice preconditioned with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet were treated orally with metformin or a control solution for two weeks. Fructose metabolism, glucose production from fructose, and production of other fructose-derived metabolites were assessed using stably labeled fructose as a tracer. Results Metformin treatment decreased intestinal glucose levels and reduced incorporation of fructose-derived metabolites into glucose. This was associated with decreased intestinal fructose metabolism as indicated by decreased enterocyte F1P levels and diminished labeling of fructose-derived metabolites. Metformin also reduced fructose delivery to the liver. Proteomic analysis revealed that metformin coordinately down-regulated proteins involved carbohydrate metabolism including those involved in fructolysis and glucose production within intestinal tissue. Conclusion Metformin reduces intestinal fructose metabolism, and this is associated with broad-based changes in intestinal enzyme and protein levels involved in sugar metabolism indicating that metformin's effects on sugar metabolism are pleiotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Tong
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hannou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ashot Sargsyan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Inna Astapova
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A. Herman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Liu G, Li L, Shang D, Zhou C, Zhang C. BRSK1 confers cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells via regulation of mitochondrial respiration. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04821-z. [PMID: 37140697 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although cisplatin-containing chemotherapy has been utilized as a front-line treatment for cervical cancer, intrinsic and acquired resistance of cisplatin remains a major hurdle for the durable and curative therapeutic response. We thus aim to identify novel regulator of cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells. METHODS Real-time PCR and western blotting analysis were employed to determine the expression of BRSK1 in normal and cisplatin-resistant cells. Sulforhodamine B assay was conducted to assess the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin. Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test assay was utilized to evaluate the mitochondrial respiration in cervical cancer cells. RESULTS BRSK1 expression was upregulated in cisplatin-treated cervical cancer patient tumors and cell lines compared with untreated tumors and cell lines. Depletion of BRSK1 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of both normal and cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, BRSK1-mediated regulation of cisplatin sensitivity is conducted by a subpopulation of BRSK1 residing in the mitochondria of cervical cancer cells and is dependent on its kinase enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, BRSK1 confers cisplatin resistance via the regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, treatment with mitochondrial inhibitor in cervical cancer cells phenocopied the BRSK1 depletion-mediated mitochondria dysfunction and cisplatin sensitization. Of note, we observed that high BRSK1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in cisplatin-treated cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our study defines BRSK1 as a novel regulator of cisplatin sensitivity, identifying that targeting BRSK1-regulated mitochondrial respiration could be a useful approach for enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanhou Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China.
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Zubiaga L, Briand O, Auger F, Touche V, Hubert T, Thevenet J, Marciniak C, Quenon A, Bonner C, Peschard S, Raverdy V, Daoudi M, Kerr-Conte J, Pasquetti G, Koepsell H, Zdzieblo D, Mühlemann M, Thorens B, Delzenne ND, Bindels LB, Deprez B, Vantyghem MC, Laferrère B, Staels B, Huglo D, Lestavel S, Pattou F. Oral metformin transiently lowers post-prandial glucose response by reducing the apical expression of sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 in enterocytes. iScience 2023; 26:106057. [PMID: 36942050 PMCID: PMC10024157 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is the most prescribed antidiabetic drug, but its mechanisms of action remain elusive. Recent data point to the gut as MET's primary target. Here, we explored the effect of MET on the gut glucose transport machinery. Using human enterocytes (Caco-2/TC7 cells) in vitro, we showed that MET transiently reduced the apical density of sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and decreased the absorption of glucose, without changes in the mRNA levels of the transporter. Administered 1 h before a glucose challenge in rats (Wistar, GK), C57BL6 mice and mice pigs, oral MET reduced the post-prandial glucose response (PGR). This effect was abrogated in SGLT1-KO mice. MET also reduced the luminal clearance of 2-(18F)-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose after oral administration in rats. In conclusion, oral metformin transiently lowers post-prandial glucose response by reducing the apical expression of SGLT1 in enterocytes, which may contribute to the clinical effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Zubiaga
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Briand
- University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florent Auger
- University of Lille, Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Veronique Touche
- University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Hubert
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Thevenet
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Marciniak
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Audrey Quenon
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Caroline Bonner
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Simon Peschard
- University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Daoudi
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gianni Pasquetti
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zdzieblo
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mühlemann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernard Thorens
- University of Lausanne, Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie D. Delzenne
- Université catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Université catholique de Louvain, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1177, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie C. Vantyghem
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- Department of Medicine, New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Huglo
- University of Lille, Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Lestavel
- University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Inserm UMR-1190, 59000 Lille, France
- Corresponding author
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Díaz M, Carreras-Badosa G, Villarroya J, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Bassols J, de Zegher F, López-Bermejo A, Villarroya F, Ibáñez L. Circulating GDF15 concentrations in girls with low birth weight: effects of prolonged metformin treatment. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:964-968. [PMID: 35817957 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) followed by a rapid postnatal catch-up in weight predisposes individuals to a central distribution of body fat, which is reverted by metformin. Growth-and-differentiation-factor-15 (GDF15) plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, reducing food intake and body weight. We assessed whether GDF15 concentrations are raised by long-term metformin treatment in LBW/catch-up girls with precocious pubarche (PP, pubic hair <8 years), and whether they relate to changes in endocrine-metabolic variables, body composition, and abdominal fat partitioning. METHODS Circulating GDF15 was determined in 30 LBW/catch-up girls with PP randomly assigned to receive metformin for 4 years (n = 15; 425 mg/d for 2 years, then 850 mg/d for 2 years) or to remain untreated (n = 15). Endocrine-metabolic variables, body composition (by absorptiometry), and abdominal fat partitioning (by MRI) were assessed at the start and yearly during follow-up. RESULTS Circulating GDF15 concentrations increased significantly in LBW-PP girls only after 3 and 4 years on metformin. GDF15 levels associated negatively with insulin, HOMA-IR, androgens, body fat, and visceral fat. CONCLUSION Prepubertal intervention with metformin reduces central adiposity and insulin resistance in girls with reduced prenatal growth. GDF15 could be among the mediators of such effects, especially over the long term. IMPACT Low birth weight followed by a rapid postnatal catch-up in weight predisposes individuals to a central distribution of body fat, which is reverted by metformin. Growth-and-differentiation-factor-15 (GDF15) is a peptide hormone that reduces food intake and lowers body weight; metformin is an exogenous GDF15 secretagogue. Serum GDF15 concentrations increase after 3 and 4 years on metformin and associate negatively with insulin, androgens, body fat, and visceral fat. Prepubertal intervention with metformin reduces central adiposity and insulin resistance in girls with low birth weight. GDF15 could mediate these effects, especially over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Díaz
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona and Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona and Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona and Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Bassols J, de Zegher F, Diaz M, Carreras-Badosa G, Garcia-Beltran C, Puerto-Carranza E, Oliver-Vila C, Casano P, Franco CA, Malpique R, López-Bermejo A, Ibáñez L. Effects of half-dose spiomet treatment in girls with early puberty and accelerated bone maturation: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study protocol. Trials 2023; 24:56. [PMID: 36694227 PMCID: PMC9873221 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-07050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A "mismatch" sequence of less prenatal weight gain and more postnatal weight gain may lead to ectopic lipid accumulation, and trigger the development of early adrenarche/pubarche and the activation of the gonadotropic axis resulting in early puberty and ending up in full-blown adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the present study, we assess whether a low-dose combination of generics that collectively reduce ectopic fat through different pathways can slow down the accelerated maturation in "mismatch" girls with early puberty. METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 2a, study in 64 girls [age, 8.0-9.3 years; birthweight (BW) for gestational age in lower tertile (-1.96< Z-score <-0.44), body mass index (BMI) in upper tertile (+0.44< Z-score < +1.96) and early progressive puberty (Tanner B2 at 7.7-9.0 years)]. Pharmacological intervention will be with a half-dose version of SPIOMET (mini-spiomet), a combination that reverts the PCOS phenotype in "mismatch" adolescents; mini-spiomet will contain spironolactone (25 mg/day, to raise brown adipose tissue activity), pioglitazone (3.75 mg/day, to raise adiponectin and insulin sensitivity), and metformin (425 mg/day, to raise AMPK activity and GDF15). Recruitment: 1 year; double-blind treatment: 1 year; open follow-up: 1 year; analyses and reporting: 1 year. INTERVENTIONS randomization (1:1) for placebo vs mini-spiomet. PRIMARY OUTCOME annualized bone age advancement (0-1 year) by BoneXpert; secondary outcomes: insulin, IGF-I, high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adip), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), androgens, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol, growth-and-differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14 (CXCL14), safety parameters, and quantification of hepato-visceral fat. DISCUSSION The present study, if successful, may provide a first proof of the concept that the rapid maturation of girls with an upward mismatch between pre- and post-natal weight gain can be slowed down with a fixed low-dose combination of old and safe generics jointly targeting a reduction of ectopic fat without necessarily lowering body weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2021-006766-21. Registered on May 30, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Leuven Research & Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Diaz
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-Beltran
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cora Oliver-Vila
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Paula Casano
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Céline Alicia Franco
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Malpique
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang X, Sun C, Wan J, Zhang X, Jia Y, Zhou C. Compartmentalized activities of HMGCS1 control cervical cancer radiosensitivity. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110507. [PMID: 36328117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms by which cellular metabolism affects cervical cancer cell radiosensitivity remain poorly understood. Here, we found that loss of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase 1 (HMGCS1), a key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA to HMG-CoA in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, sensitizes the cervical cancer cells to radiation. We observed a compartmentalized cellular distribution of HMGCS1 in nuclei, cytosol, and mitochondria of cervical cancer cells and found that cytosolic HMGCS1 and mitochondrial HMGCS1 contribute together to the regulation of radiosensitivity. Mechanistically, we show that cytosolic HMGCS1 regulates radiosensitivity via manipulating the cholesterol metabolism, while mitochondrial HMGCS1 controls mitochondrial gene expression, thereby sustaining the mitochondrial function of cervical cancer cells. Together, our study identifies HMGCS1 as a novel regulator of radiosensitivty in cervical cancer cells, providing a molecular link between altered cholesterol metabolism, mitochondrial respiration, and radiosensitivity. Thus, targeting HMGCS1 may improve the therapeutic outcome of cervical cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, PR China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, PR China
| | - Jinliang Wan
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, PR China
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, PR China.
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32
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Elton AC, Cedarstrom V, Quraishi A, Wuertz B, Murray K, Markowski TW, Seabloom D, Ondrey FG. Metabolic and Metabolomic Effects of Metformin in Murine Model of Pulmonary Adenoma Formation. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1014-1027. [PMID: 36688306 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2165692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of diabetic patients treated with metformin identified significantly lower incidences of cancer. From this, there is growing interest in the use of metformin to treat and prevent cancer. Studies have investigated chemopreventive mechanisms including alterations in calorie intake, cancer metabolism, and cell signaling. Repurposing the drug is challenging due to its metabolic effects and non-uniform effects on different types of cancer. In our previously published studies, we observed that benzo[a]pyrene treated mice receiving metformin significantly reduced lung adenomas; however, mice had reduced weight gain. In this study, we compared chemoprevention diets with and without metformin to evaluate the effects of diet vs. effects of metformin. We also performed tandem mass spectrometry on mouse serum to assess metabolomic alterations associated with metformin treatment. In metformin cohorts, the rate of weight gain was reduced, but weights did not vary between diets. There was no weight difference between diets without metformin. Interestingly, caloric intake was increased in metformin treated mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed metabolite alterations consistent with metformin treatment. Based on these results, we conclude that previous reductions in lung adenomas may have been occurred from anticancer effects of metformin rather than a potentially toxic effect such as calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Elton
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vannesa Cedarstrom
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arman Quraishi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Beverly Wuertz
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,AeroCore, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin Murray
- Center for Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Center for Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Donna Seabloom
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,AeroCore, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank G Ondrey
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,AeroCore, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Sollazzo M, De Luise M, Lemma S, Bressi L, Iorio M, Miglietta S, Milioni S, Kurelac I, Iommarini L, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Respiratory Complex I dysfunction in cancer: from a maze of cellular adaptive responses to potential therapeutic strategies. FEBS J 2022; 289:8003-8019. [PMID: 34606156 PMCID: PMC10078660 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria act as key organelles in cellular bioenergetics and biosynthetic processes producing signals that regulate different molecular networks for proliferation and cell death. This ability is also preserved in pathologic contexts such as tumorigenesis, during which bioenergetic changes and metabolic reprogramming confer flexibility favoring cancer cell survival in a hostile microenvironment. Although different studies epitomize mitochondrial dysfunction as a protumorigenic hit, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of respiratory complex I causing a severe impairment is associated with a low-proliferative phenotype. In this scenario, it must be considered that despite the initial delay in growth, cancer cells may become able to resume proliferation exploiting molecular mechanisms to overcome growth arrest. Here, we highlight the current knowledge on molecular responses activated by complex I-defective cancer cells to bypass physiological control systems and to re-adapt their fitness during microenvironment changes. Such adaptive mechanisms could reveal possible novel molecular players in synthetic lethality with complex I impairment, thus providing new synergistic strategies for mitochondrial-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica De Luise
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Licia Bressi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Iorio
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Miglietta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Milioni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centro di Studio e Ricerca sulle Neoplasie (CSR) Ginecologiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centro di Studio e Ricerca sulle Neoplasie (CSR) Ginecologiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centro di Studio e Ricerca sulle Neoplasie (CSR) Ginecologiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centro di Studio e Ricerca sulle Neoplasie (CSR) Ginecologiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI) Life Sciences and Technologies for Health, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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The GDF15-GFRAL pathway is dispensable for the effects of metformin on energy balance. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111258. [PMID: 36001956 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a blood-glucose-lowering medication with physiological effects that extend beyond its anti-diabetic indication. Recently, it was reported that metformin lowers body weight via induction of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which suppresses food intake by binding to the GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) in the hindbrain. Here, we corroborate that metformin increases circulating GDF15 in mice and humans, but we fail to confirm previous reports that the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is necessary for the weight-lowering effects of metformin. Instead, our studies in wild-type, GDF15 knockout, and GFRAL knockout mice suggest that the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is dispensable for the effects of metformin on energy balance. The data presented here question whether metformin is a sufficiently strong stimulator of GDF15 to drive anorexia and weight loss and emphasize that additional work is needed to untangle the relationship among metformin, GDF15, and energy balance.
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35
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Top WMC, Kooy A, Stehouwer CDA. Metformin: A Narrative Review of Its Potential Benefits for Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Dementia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:312. [PMID: 35337110 PMCID: PMC8951049 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biguanide metformin has been used as first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment for several decades. In addition to its glucose-lowering properties and its prevention of weight gain, the landmark UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) demonstrated cardioprotective properties in obese T2DM patients. Coupled with a favorable side effect profile and low cost, metformin has become the cornerstone in the treatment of T2DM worldwide. In addition, metformin is increasingly being investigated for its potential anticancer and neuroprotective properties both in T2DM patients and non-diabetic individuals. In the meantime, new drugs with powerful cardioprotective properties have been introduced and compete with metformin for its place in the treatment of T2DM. In this review we will discuss actual insights in the various working mechanisms of metformin and the evidence for its beneficial effects on (the prevention of) cardiovascular disease, cancer and dementia. In addition to observational evidence, emphasis is placed on randomized trials and recent meta-analyses to obtain an up-to-date overview of the use of metformin in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebe M. C. Top
- Department of Intensive Care, Treant Care Group, 7909 AA Hoogeveen, The Netherlands;
| | - Adriaan Kooy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Treant Care Group, 7909 AA Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
- Bethesda Diabetes Research Center, 7909 AA Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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San Martín A, Arce-Molina R, Aburto C, Baeza-Lehnert F, Barros LF, Contreras-Baeza Y, Pinilla A, Ruminot I, Rauseo D, Sandoval PY. Visualizing physiological parameters in cells and tissues using genetically encoded indicators for metabolites. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:34-58. [PMID: 35183660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism is undergoing a renaissance. Since the year 2002, over 50 genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) have been introduced, capable of monitoring metabolites with high spatial/temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Indicators are fusion proteins that change their fluorescence upon binding a specific metabolite. There are indicators for sugars, monocarboxylates, Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cofactors, and energy nucleotides. They permit monitoring relative levels, concentrations, and fluxes in living systems. At a minimum they report relative levels and, in some cases, absolute concentrations may be obtained by performing ad hoc calibration protocols. Proper data collection, processing, and interpretation are critical to take full advantage of these new tools. This review offers a survey of the metabolic indicators that have been validated in mammalian systems. Minimally invasive, these indicators have been instrumental for the purposes of confirmation, rebuttal and discovery. We envision that this powerful technology will foster metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A San Martín
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Arce-Molina
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Y Contreras-Baeza
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Pinilla
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Rauseo
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Y Sandoval
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
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Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, Cappello A, Colasuonno F, Moreno S, Candi E, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. Mitochondrial dysfunction in mandibular hypoplasia, deafness and progeroid features with concomitant lipodystrophy (MDPL) patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1651-1664. [PMID: 35196257 PMCID: PMC8908938 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness and Progeroid features with concomitant Lipodystrophy is a rare, genetic, premature aging disease named MDPL Syndrome, due to almost always a de novo variant in POLD1 gene, encoding the DNA polymerase δ. In previous in vitro studies, we have already described several hallmarks of aging, including genetic damage, telomere shortening, cell senescence and proliferation defects. Since a clear connection has been reported between telomere shortening and mitochondria malfunction to initiate the aging process, we explored the role that mitochondrial metabolism and activity play in pathogenesis of MDPL Syndrome, an aspect that has not been addressed yet. We thus evaluated mtDNA copy number, assessing a significant decrease in mutated cells. The expression level of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and activity also revealed a significant reduction, highlighting a mitochondrial dysfunction in MDPL cells. Even the expression levels of mitochondrial marker SOD2, as assessed by immunofluorescence, were reduced. The decrease in this antioxidant enzyme correlated with increased production of mitochondrial ROS in MDPL cells, compared to WT. Consistent with these data, Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) analysis revealed in MDPL cells fewer mitochondria, which also displayed morphological abnormalities. Accordingly, we detected autophagic vacuoles containing partially digested mitochondria. Overall, our results demonstrate a dramatic impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in MDPL Syndrome. Administration of Metformin, though unable to restore mitochondrial impairment, proved efficient in rescuing nuclear abnormalities, suggesting its use to specifically ameliorate the premature aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Angela Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, and IDI-IRCCS, Rome 00166, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome 00146, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, and IDI-IRCCS, Rome 00166, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
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38
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Rath E, Haller D. Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:595-604. [PMID: 35534699 PMCID: PMC9259489 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents the most regenerative tissue in the human body, located in proximity to the dense and functionally diverse microbial milieu of the microbiome. Episodes of tissue injury and incomplete healing of the intestinal epithelium are a prerequisite for immune reactivation and account for recurrent, chronically progressing phenotypes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated changes in intestinal epithelial functions are emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of IBD, suggesting impaired metabolic flexibility of epithelial cells affects the regenerative capacity of the intestinal tissue. Next to rendering the intestinal mucosa susceptible to inflammatory triggers, metabolic reprogramming of the epithelium is implicated in shaping adverse microbial environments. In this review, we introduce the concept of "metabolic injury" as a cell autonomous mechanism of tissue wounding in response to mitochondrial perturbation. Furthermore, we highlight epithelial metabolism as intersection of microbiome, immune cells and epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rath
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Sarkar S, Melchior JT, Henry HR, Syed F, Mirmira RG, Nakayasu ES, Metz TO. GDF15: a potential therapeutic target for type 1 diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:57-67. [PMID: 35138971 PMCID: PMC8885880 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2029410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is centered around insulin supplementation to manage the effects of pancreatic β cell loss. GDF15 is a potential preventative therapy against T1D progression that could work to curb increasing disease incidence. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses the known actions of GDF15, a pleiotropic protein with metabolic, feeding, and immunomodulatory effects, connecting them to highlight the open opportunities for future research. The role of GDF15 in the prevention of insulitis and protection of pancreatic β cells against pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated cellular stress are examined and the pharmacological promise of GDF15 and critical areas of future research are discussed. EXPERT OPINION GDF15 shows promise as a potential intervention but requires further development. Preclinical studies have shown poor efficacy, but this result may be confounded by the measurement of gross GDF15 instead of the active form. Additionally, the effect of GDF15 in the induction of anorexia and nausea-like behavior and short-half-life present significant challenges to its deployment, but a systems pharmacology approach paired with chronotherapy may provide a possible solution to therapy for this currently unpreventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - John T. Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hayden R. Henry
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Liu Z, Cheng J, Zhang P, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Targeting Oxidative Phosphorylation-Proteasome Activity in Extracellular Detached Cells Promotes Anoikis and Inhibits Metastasis. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010042. [PMID: 35054435 PMCID: PMC8779336 DOI: 10.3390/life12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis arises owing to tumor cells’ capacity to evade pro-apoptotic signals. Anoikis—the apoptosis of detached cells (from the extracellular matrix (ECM)) is often circumvented by metastatic cells as a result of biochemical and molecular transformations. These facilitate cells’ ability to survive, invade and reattach to secondary sites. Here, we identified deregulated glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and proteasome in anchorage-independent cells compared to adherent cells. Metformin an anti-diabetic drug that reduces blood glucose (also known to inhibit mitochondrial Complex I), and proteasome inhibitors were employed to target these changes. Metformin or proteasome inhibitors alone increased misfolded protein accumulation, sensitized tumor cells to anoikis, and impaired pulmonary metastasis in the B16F10 melanoma model. Mechanistically, metformin reduced cellular ATP production, activated AMPK to foster pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR) through enhanced expression of CHOP in ECM detached cells. Furthermore, AMPK inhibition reduced misfolded protein accumulation, thus highlight relevance of AMPK activation in facilitating metformin-induced stress and UPR cell death. Our findings provide insights into the molecular biology of anoikis resistance and identified metformin and proteasome inhibitors as potential therapeutic options for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Adeleye O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Jian Cheng
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
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41
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Silva-Bermudez LS, Sevastyanova TN, Schmuttermaier C, De La Torre C, Schumacher L, Klüter H, Kzhyshkowska J. Titanium Nanoparticles Enhance Production and Suppress Stabilin-1-Mediated Clearance of GDF-15 in Human Primary Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760577. [PMID: 34975851 PMCID: PMC8714923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key innate immune cells that mediate implant acceptance or rejection. Titanium implants degrade over time inside the body, which results in the release of implant wear-off particles. Titanium nanoparticles (TiNPs) favor pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization (M1) and lower tolerogenic activation (M2). GDF-15 regulates immune tolerance and fibrosis and is endocytosed by stabilin-1. How TiNPs affect the healing activities of macrophages and their release of circulating cytokines is an open question in regenerative medicine. In this study for the first time, we identified the transcriptional program induced and suppressed by TiNPs in human pro-inflammatory and healing macrophages. Microarray analysis revealed that TiNPs altered the expression of 5098 genes in M1 (IFN-γ-stimulated) and 4380 genes in M2 (IL-4–stimulated) macrophages. 1980 genes were differentially regulated in both M1 and M2. Affymetrix analysis, confirmed by RT-PCR, demonstrated that TiNPs upregulate expression of GDF-15 and suppress stabilin-1, scavenger receptor of GDF-15. TiNPs also significantly stimulated GDF-15 protein secretion in inflammatory and healing macrophages. Flow cytometry demonstrated, that scavenging activity of stabilin-1 was significantly suppressed by TiNPs. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that TiNPs impair internalization of stabilin-1 ligand acLDL and its transport to the endocytic pathway. Our data demonstrate that TiNPs have a dual effect on the GDF-15/stabilin-1 interaction in macrophage system, by increasing the production of GDF-15 and suppressing stabilin-1-mediated clearance function. In summary, this process can result in a significant increase of GDF-15 in the extracellular space and in circulation leading to unbalanced pro-fibrotic reactions and implant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina S. Silva-Bermudez
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tatyana N. Sevastyanova
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christina Schmuttermaier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- Microarray Analytics – NGS Core Facility (IKC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leonie Schumacher
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Julia Kzhyshkowska,
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42
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Tulipano G. Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13068. [PMID: 34884872 PMCID: PMC8658259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is considered the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment. Actually, pleiotropic effects of metformin have been recognized, and there is evidence that this drug may have a favorable impact on health beyond its glucose-lowering activity. In summary, despite its long history, metformin is still an attractive research opportunity in the field of endocrine and metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. To this end, its mode of action in distinct cell types is still in dispute. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of metformin in the field of metabolic and endocrine pathologies, including some endocrine tumors. Metformin is believed to act through multiple pathways that can be interconnected or work independently. Moreover, metformin effects on target tissues may be either direct or indirect, which means secondary to the actions on other tissues and consequent alterations at systemic level. Finally, as to the direct actions of metformin at cellular level, the intracellular milieu cooperates to cause differential responses to the drug between distinct cell types, despite the primary molecular targets may be the same within cells. Cellular bioenergetics can be regarded as the primary target of metformin action. Metformin can perturb the cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD/NADH ratio and the ATP/AMP ratio within cells, thus affecting enzymatic activities and metabolic and signaling pathways which depend on redox- and energy balance. In this context, the possible link between pyruvate metabolism and metformin actions is extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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43
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Cheang YZN, Ting HRD, Koh HQV, Alonso S. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Metformin against dengue. Antiviral Res 2021; 195:105186. [PMID: 34655660 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Its potential to progress into severe, life-threatening disease, has pressed the research community to develop safe, effective and affordable antivirals. Metformin (MET), a first-line antidiabetic drug and indirect AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has recently emerged as a potential anti-DENV therapeutic candidate, based on some experimental evidence supporting anti-DENV activity in vitro and widely reported anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we examined MET in vitro activity against the four DENV serotypes and in two different mammalian cell lines. MET displayed a poor anti-DENV activity in BHK-21 cells with IC50 in the mM range, which was associated with increased p-AMPKα levels, thereby supporting that MET antiviral activity is mediated through AMPK activation. In contrast, MET exerted a pro-DENV activity in Vero cells that did not correlate with increased AMPK activation, suggesting AMPK-independent effects. Treatment with compound 991, a direct AMPK activator, led to reduced viral titers against all four serotypes and across both mammalian cell lines. In vivo, oral administration of MET did not reduce viremia titers in an asymptomatic mouse model, neither did it improve disease severity and progression in a mouse model of severe dengue. Instead, high dose regimen worsened disease outcome as evidenced by increased mortality, higher viremia and hyper-inflammation. Therefore, while AMPK may represent a potential host target, MET does not seem to hold great promise as a pan-serotype anti-dengue drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhi Nicholas Cheang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng Rong Donald Ting
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Qi Vanessa Koh
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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44
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Bekebrede AF, Keijer J, Gerrits WJJ, de Boer VCJ. Mitochondrial and glycolytic extracellular flux analysis optimization for isolated pig intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19961. [PMID: 34620944 PMCID: PMC8497502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are crucial to maintain intestinal function and the barrier against the outside world. To support their function they rely on energy production, and failure to produce enough energy can lead to IEC malfunction and thus decrease intestinal barrier function. However, IEC metabolic function is not often used as an outcome parameter in intervention studies, perhaps because of the lack of available methods. We therefore developed a method to isolate viable IECs, suitable to faithfully measure their metabolic function by determining extracellular glycolytic and mitochondrial flux. First, various methods were assessed to obtain viable IECs. We then adapted a previously in-house generated image-analysis algorithm to quantify the amount of seeded IECs. Correcting basal respiration data of a group of piglets using this algorithm reduced the variation, showing that this algorithm allows for more accurate analysis of metabolic function. We found that delay in metabolic analysis after IEC isolation decreases their metabolic function and should therefore be prevented. The presence of antibiotics during isolation and metabolic assessment also decreased the metabolic function of IECs. Finally, we found that primary pig IECs did not respond to Oligomycin, a drug that inhibits complex V of the electron transport chain, which may be because of the presence of drug exporters. A method was established to faithfully measure extracellular glycolytic and mitochondrial flux of pig primary IECs. This tool is suitable to gain a better understanding of how interventions affect IEC metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Bekebrede
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - V C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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45
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46
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Hurley DJ, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. Metformin and Glaucoma-Review of Anti-Fibrotic Processes and Bioenergetics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082131. [PMID: 34440899 PMCID: PMC8394782 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. With an aging population, disease incidence will rise with an enormous societal and economic burden. The treatment strategy revolves around targeting intraocular pressure, the principle modifiable risk factor, to slow progression of disease. However, there is a clear unmet clinical need to find a novel therapeutic approach that targets and halts the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that occurs with fibrosis. RGCs are highly sensitive to metabolic fluctuations as a result of multiple stressors and thus their viability depends on healthy mitochondrial functioning. Metformin, known for its use in type 2 diabetes, has come to the forefront of medical research in multiple organ systems. Its use was recently associated with a 25% reduced risk of glaucoma in a large population study. Here, we discuss its application to glaucoma therapy, highlighting its effect on fibrotic signalling pathways, mitochondrial bioenergetics and NAD oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire J. Hurley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
| | - Colm O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Weight loss from caloric restriction vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery differentially regulates systemic and portal vein GDF15 levels in obese Zucker fatty rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113534. [PMID: 34303715 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss from caloric restriction (i.e. dieting) tends to be modest and short-lived, whereas from bariatric surgeries such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is pronounced and generally sustained. The reasons behind these opposing outcomes between interventions remain unclear, but likely involve differential effects on gut-brain communication. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a ubiquitously-induced, centrally-acting, anorexigenic cytokine whose systemic levels are elevated under a variety of conditions associated with a negative energy balance, including in patients following RYGB. We therefore asked whether systemic and portal vein GDF15 levels differ between obese Zucker fatty rats that experienced similar weight loss from RYGB or from forced caloric restriction (CR). Compared with ad libitum fed (ALF) controls, body weight, visceral adiposity and food intake of RYGB and CR rats were markedly lower during the postoperative observation period. Both systemic and portal vein GDF15 levels in RYGB rats at postoperative day 28 were higher compared with ALF rats and particularly compared with CR rats. Further, systemic and portal vein GDF15 levels negatively correlated with body weight and food intake specifically in RYGB rats. These findings provide evidence that, unlike dieting, RYGB might achieve sustained weight loss and appetite suppression partly through increased GDF15 release from epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Olivar-Villanueva M, Ren M, Phoon CKL. Neurological & psychological aspects of Barth syndrome: Clinical manifestations and potential pathogenic mechanisms. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:188-195. [PMID: 34197965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a rare X-linked multisystem mitochondrial disease that is caused by variants in the tafazzin gene leading to deficient and abnormal cardiolipin. Previous research has focused on the cardiomyopathy and neutropenia in individuals with Barth syndrome, yet just as common are the least explored neurological aspects of Barth syndrome. This review focuses on the major neuropsychological and neurophysiological phenotypes that affect the quality of life of individuals with Barth syndrome, including difficulties in sensory perception and feeding, fatigue, and cognitive and psychological challenges. We propose selected pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these phenotypes and draw parallels to other relevant disorders. Finally, avenues for future research are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Olivar-Villanueva
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mindong Ren
- Departments of Anesthesiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Departments of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Colin K L Phoon
- Departments of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Eibl G, Rozengurt E. Metformin: review of epidemiology and mechanisms of action in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:865-878. [PMID: 34142285 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma continues to be a lethal disease, for which efficient treatment options are very limited. Increasing efforts have been taken to understand how to prevent or intercept this disease at an early stage. There is convincing evidence from epidemiologic and preclinical studies that the antidiabetic drug metformin possesses beneficial effects in pancreatic cancer, including reducing the risk of developing the disease and improving survival in patients with early-stage disease. This review will summarize the current literature about the epidemiological data on metformin and pancreatic cancer as well as describe the preclinical evidence illustrating the anticancer effects of metformin in pancreatic cancer. Underlying mechanisms and targets of metformin will also be discussed. These include direct effects on transformed pancreatic epithelial cells and indirect, systemic effects on extra-pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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The Hormetic Effect of Metformin: "Less Is More"? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126297. [PMID: 34208371 PMCID: PMC8231127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The euglycemic effect of MTF is due to the inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Literature reports that the principal molecular mechanism of MTF is the activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) due to the decrement of ATP intracellular content consequent to the inhibition of Complex I, although this effect is obtained only at millimolar concentrations. Conversely, micromolar MTF seems to activate the mitochondrial electron transport chain, increasing ATP production and limiting oxidative stress. This evidence sustains the idea that MTF exerts a hormetic effect based on its concentration in the target tissue. Therefore, in this review we describe the effects of MTF on T2DM on the principal target organs, such as liver, gut, adipose tissue, endothelium, heart, and skeletal muscle. In particular, data indicate that all organs, except the gut, accumulate MTF in the micromolar range when administered in therapeutic doses, unmasking molecular mechanisms that do not depend on Complex I inhibition.
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