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Cui C, Ott PA, Wu CJ. Advances in Vaccines for Melanoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:1045-1060. [PMID: 39079791 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Personalized neoantigen vaccines have achieved major advancements in recent years, with studies in melanoma leading progress in the field. Early clinical trials have demonstrated their feasibility, safety, immunogenicity, and potential efficacy. Advances in sequencing technologies and neoantigen prediction algorithms have substantively improved the identification and prioritization of neoantigens. Innovative delivery platforms now support the rapid and flexible production of vaccines. Several ongoing efforts in the field are aimed at improving the integration of large datasets, refining the training of prediction models, and ensuring the functional validation of vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Nakashima K, Imai T, Shiraishi A, Unose R, Goto H, Nagatomo Y, Kojima-Ishii K, Mushimoto Y, Nishiyama K, Yamamura K, Nagata H, Ishimura M, Kusuhara K, Koga Y, Sakai Y, Ohga S. The immunoreactive signature of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with Down syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 217:291-299. [PMID: 38916251 PMCID: PMC11310712 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of Down syndrome (DS) ranges from congenital malformations to premature aging and early-onset senescence. Excessive immunoreactivity and oxidative stress are thought to accelerate the pace of aging in DS patients; however, the immunological profile remains elusive. We investigated whether peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) in DS patients respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) distinctly from non-DS control MoDCs. Eighteen DS patients (age 2-47 years, 12 males) and 22 controls (age 4-40 years, 15 males) were enrolled. CD14-positive monocytes were immunopurified and cultured for 7 days in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4, yielding MoDCs in vitro. After the LPS-stimulation for 48 hours from days 7 to 9, culture supernatant cytokines were measured by multiplex cytokine bead assays, and bulk-prepared RNA from the cells was used for transcriptomic analyses. MoDCs from DS patients produced cytokines/chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IP-10) at significantly higher levels than those from controls in response to LPS. RNA sequencing revealed that DS-derived MoDCs differentially expressed 137 genes (74 upregulated and 63 downregulated) compared with controls. A gene enrichment analysis identified 5 genes associated with Toll-like receptor signaling (KEGG: hsa04620, P = 0.00731) and oxidative phosphorylation (hsa00190, P = 0.0173) pathways. MoDCs obtained from DS patients showed higher cytokine or chemokine responses to LPS than did control MoDCs. Gene expression profiles suggest that hyperactive Toll-like receptor and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways configure the immunoreactive signature of MoDCs in DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Unose
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hironori Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nagatomo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Kojima-Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mushimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Nishiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hazumu Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masataka Ishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kusuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuhki Koga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Zheng J, Wang M, Pang L, Wang S, Kong Y, Zhu X, Zhou X, Wang X, Chen C, Ning H, Zhao W, Zhai W, Qi Y, Wu Y, Gao Y. Identification of a novel DEC-205 binding peptide to develop dendritic cell-targeting nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 373:568-582. [PMID: 39067792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine is regarded as an effective immunotherapy approach mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) which are crucial for antigen presentation and the initiation of adaptive immune responses. However, lack of DC-targeting properties significantly hampers the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Here, by using the phage display technique, peptides targeting the endocytic receptor DEC-205 primarily found on cDC1s were initially screened. An optimized hydrolysis-resistant peptide, hr-8, was identified and conjugated to PLGA-loaded antigen (Ag) and CpG adjuvant nanoparticles, resulting in a DC-targeting nanovaccine. The nanovaccine hr-8-PLGA@Ag/CpG facilitates dendritic cell maturation and improves antigen cross-presentation. The nanovaccine can enhance the antitumor immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells by encapsulating the nanovaccine with either exogenous OVA protein antigen or endogenous gp100/E7 antigenic peptide. As a result, strong antitumor effects are observed in both anti-PD-1 responsive B16-OVA and anti-PD-1 non-responsive B16 and TC1 immunocompetent tumor models. In summary, this study presents the initial documentation of a nanovaccine that targets dendritic cells via the novel DEC-205 binding peptide. This approach offers a new method for developing cancer vaccines that can potentially improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingshuang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liwei Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanan Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueqin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiuman Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haoming Ning
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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4
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Kim HY, Cho S, Kim SB, Song EC, Jung W, Shin YG, Suh JH, Choi J, Yoon I, Kim U, Ban H, Hwang S, Mun J, Park J, Kim N, Lee Y, Kim MH, Kim S. Specific targeting of cancer vaccines to antigen-presenting cells via an endogenous TLR2/6 ligand derived from cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00469-6. [PMID: 39066478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been developed as a promising way to boost cancer immunity. However, their clinical potency is often limited due to the imprecise delivery of tumor antigens. To overcome this problem, we conjugated an endogenous Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/6 ligand, UNE-C1, to human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16)-derived peptide antigen, E7, and found that the UNE-C1-conjugated cancer vaccine (UCV) showed significantly enhanced antitumor activity in vivo compared with the noncovalent combination of UNE-C1 and E7. The combination of UCV with PD-1 blockades further augmented its therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, the conjugation of UNE-C1 to E7 enhanced its retention in inguinal draining lymph nodes, the specific delivery to dendritic cells and E7 antigen-specific T cell responses, and antitumor efficacy in vivo compared with the noncovalent combination of the two peptides. These findings suggest the potential of UNE-C1 derived from human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 as a unique vehicle for the specific delivery of cancer antigens to antigen-presenting cells via TLR2/6 for the improvement of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Yun Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee Chan Song
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchul Jung
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Shin
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Suh
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ina Yoon
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijoo Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamin Ban
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyo Hwang
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Mun
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Park
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research (AIBI), Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Boopathy AV, Nekkalapudi A, Sung J, Schulha S, Jin D, Sharma B, Ng S, Lu S, Wimmer R, Suthram S, Ahmadi-Erber S, Lauterbach H, Orlinger KK, Hung M, Carr B, Callebaut C, Geleziunas R, Kuhne M, Schmidt S, Falkard B. Flt3 agonist enhances immunogenicity of arenavirus vector-based simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine in macaques. J Virol 2024; 98:e0029424. [PMID: 38829139 PMCID: PMC11265421 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00294-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Arenaviral vaccine vectors encoding simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) immunogens are capable of inducing efficacious humoral and cellular immune responses in nonhuman primates. Several studies have evaluated the use of immune modulators to further enhance vaccine-induced T-cell responses. The hematopoietic growth factor Flt3L drives the expansion of various bone marrow progenitor populations, and administration of Flt3L was shown to promote expansion of dendritic cell populations in spleen and blood, which are targets of arenaviral vectors. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of Flt3 signaling to enhance the immunogenicity of arenaviral vaccines encoding SIV immunogens (SIVSME543 Gag, Env, and Pol) in rhesus macaques, with a rhesus-specific engineered Flt3L-Fc fusion protein. In healthy animals, administration of Flt3L-Fc led to a 10- to 100-fold increase in type 1 dendritic cells 7 days after dosing, with no antidrug antibody (ADA) generation after repeated dosing. We observed that administration of Flt3L-Fc fusion protein 7 days before arenaviral vaccine increased the frequency and activation of innate immune cells and enhanced T-cell activation with no treatment-related adverse events. Flt3L-Fc administration induced early innate immune activation, leading to a significant enhancement in magnitude, breadth, and polyfunctionality of vaccine-induced T-cell responses. The Flt3L-Fc enhancement in vaccine immunogenicity was comparable to a combination with αCTLA-4 and supports the use of safe and effective variants of Flt3L to augment therapeutic vaccine-induced T-cell responses.IMPORTANCEInduction of a robust human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response through therapeutic vaccination is considered essential for HIV cure. Arenaviral vaccine vectors encoding simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) immunogens have demonstrated strong immunogenicity and efficacy in nonhuman primates. Here, we demonstrate that the immunogenicity of arenaviral vectors encoding SIV immunogens can be enhanced by administration of Flt3L-Fc fusion protein 7 days before vaccination. Flt3L-Fc-mediated increase in dendritic cells led to robust improvements in vaccine-induced T- and B-cell responses compared with vaccine alone, and Flt3L-Fc dosing was not associated with any treatment-related adverse events. Importantly, immune modulation by either Flt3L-Fc or αCTLA-4 led to comparable enhancement in vaccine response. These results indicate that the addition of Flt3L-Fc fusion protein before vaccine administration can significantly enhance vaccine immunogenicity. Thus, safe and effective Flt3L variants could be utilized as part of a combination therapy for HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janette Sung
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | | | - Debi Jin
- Protein Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- Discovery Virology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | - Sarah Ng
- Oncology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | - Sabrina Lu
- Protein Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | | | - Silpa Suthram
- Bioinformatics, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | | | - Henning Lauterbach
- Global Research and Development, Hookipa Pharma Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Klaus K. Orlinger
- Global Research and Development, Hookipa Pharma Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Magdeleine Hung
- Protein Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | - Brian Carr
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | | | - Romas Geleziunas
- Clinical Virology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | - Michelle Kuhne
- Oncology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Virology, Hookipa Pharma Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Brie Falkard
- Clinical Virology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster, California, USA
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6
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Dang XTT, Phung CD, Lim CMH, Jayasinghe MK, Ang J, Tran T, Schwarz H, Le MTN. Dendritic cell-targeted delivery of antigens using extracellular vesicles for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13622. [PMID: 38509634 PMCID: PMC11216926 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoantigen delivery using extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained extensive interest in recent years. EVs derived from tumour cells or immune cells have been used to deliver tumour antigens or antitumor stimulation signals. However, potential DNA contamination from the host cell and the cost of large-scale EV production hinder their therapeutic applications in clinical settings. Here, we develop an antigen delivery platform for cancer vaccines from red blood cell-derived EVs (RBCEVs) targeting splenic DEC-205+ dendritic cells (DCs) to boost the antitumor effect. By loading ovalbumin (OVA) protein onto RBCEVs and delivering the protein to DCs, we were able to stimulate and present antigenic OVA peptide onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, subsequently priming activated antigen-reactive T cells. Importantly, targeted delivery of OVA using RBCEVs engineered with anti-DEC-205 antibody robustly enhanced antigen presentation of DCs and T cell activation. This platform is potentially useful for producing personalised cancer vaccines in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan T. T. Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Cao Dai Phung
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Claudine Ming Hui Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Migara Kavishka Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jorgen Ang
- School of Applied ScienceRepublic PolytechnicWoodlandsSingapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Infectious Disease Translational Research ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Minh T. N. Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for Science, Technology, Technology and ResearchSingaporeSingapore
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7
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Chen MY, Zhang F, Goedegebuure SP, Gillanders WE. Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393451. [PMID: 38903502 PMCID: PMC11188312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the orchestration of effective T cell responses against tumors. However, their functional behavior is context-dependent. DC type, transcriptional program, location, intratumoral factors, and inflammatory milieu all impact DCs with regard to promoting or inhibiting tumor immunity. The following review introduces important facets of DC function, and how subset and phenotype can affect the interplay of DCs with other factors in the tumor microenvironment. It will also discuss how current cancer treatment relies on DC function, and survey the myriad ways with which immune therapy can more directly harness DCs to enact antitumor cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Felicia Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Simon Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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8
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López L, Morosi LG, La Terza F, Bourdely P, Rospo G, Amadio R, Piperno GM, Russo V, Volponi C, Vodret S, Joshi S, Giannese F, Lazarevic D, Germano G, Stoitzner P, Bardelli A, Dalod M, Pace L, Caronni N, Guermonprez P, Benvenuti F. Dendritic cell-targeted therapy expands CD8 T cell responses to bona-fide neoantigens in lung tumors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2280. [PMID: 38480738 PMCID: PMC10937682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation by type 1 DCs (cDC1) is critical to induce and sustain antitumoral CD8 T cell responses to model antigens, in various tumor settings. However, the impact of cross-presenting cDC1 and the potential of DC-based therapies in tumors carrying varied levels of bona-fide neoantigens (neoAgs) remain unclear. Here we develop a hypermutated model of non-small cell lung cancer in female mice, encoding genuine MHC-I neoepitopes to study neoAgs-specific CD8 T cell responses in spontaneous settings and upon Flt3L + αCD40 (DC-therapy). We find that cDC1 are required to generate broad CD8 responses against a range of diverse neoAgs. DC-therapy promotes immunogenicity of weaker neoAgs and strongly inhibits the growth of high tumor-mutational burden (TMB) tumors. In contrast, low TMB tumors respond poorly to DC-therapy, generating mild CD8 T cell responses that are not sufficient to block progression. scRNA transcriptional analysis, immune profiling and functional assays unveil the changes induced by DC-therapy in lung tissues, which comprise accumulation of cDC1 with increased immunostimulatory properties and less exhausted effector CD8 T cells. We conclude that boosting cDC1 activity is critical to broaden the diversity of anti-tumoral CD8 T cell responses and to leverage neoAgs content for therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luciano Gastón Morosi
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica La Terza
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Bourdely
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM 1016, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Rospo
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Amadio
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Piperno
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- G. Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, IIGM, Candiolo, TO, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Camilla Volponi
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Oncoimmunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sonal Joshi
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Giannese
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Germano
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Luigia Pace
- G. Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, IIGM, Candiolo, TO, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Caronni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy.
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9
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Kubota Y, Viny AD. Germline predisposition for clonal hematopoiesis. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:61-67. [PMID: 38311514 PMCID: PMC11103258 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an entity hallmarked by skewed hematopoiesis with persistent overrepresentation of cells from a common stem/progenitor lineage harboring single-nucleotide variants and/or insertions/deletions. CH is a common and age-related phenomenon that is associated with an increased risk of hematological malignancies, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. While CH is a term of the hematological aspect, there exists a complex interaction with other organ systems, especially the cardiovascular system. The strongest factor in the development of CH is aging, however, other multiple factors also affect the development of CH including lifestyle-related factors and co-morbid diseases. In recent years, germline genetic factors have been linked to CH risk. In this review, we synthesize what is currently known about how genetic variation affects the risk of CH, how this genetic architecture intersects with myeloid neoplasms, and future prospects for CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kubota
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Aaron D Viny
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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10
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Moussion C, Delamarre L. Antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells: A critical axis in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101848. [PMID: 38035643 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in shaping adaptive immunity. DCs have a unique ability to sample their environment, capture and process exogenous antigens into peptides that are then loaded onto major histocompatibility complex class I molecules for presentation to CD8+ T cells. This process, called cross-presentation, is essential for initiating and regulating CD8+ T cell responses against tumors and intracellular pathogens. In this review, we will discuss the role of DCs in cancer immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying antigen cross-presentation by DCs, the immunosuppressive factors that limit the efficiency of this process in cancer, and approaches to overcome DC dysfunction and therapeutically promote antitumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lélia Delamarre
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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11
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Tu HF, Kung YJ, Lim L, Tao J, Hu MH, Cheng M, Xing D, Wu TC, Hung CF. FLT3L-induced virtual memory CD8 T cells engage the immune system against tumors. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:19. [PMID: 38287325 PMCID: PMC10826030 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligands (FLT3L) has primarily focused on their potential to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow progenitors, with a limited understanding of how these cells affect CD8 T cell function. In this study, we further investigated the in vivo role of FLT3L for the immunomodulatory capabilities of CD8 T cells. METHODS Albumin-conjugated FLT3L (Alb-FLT3L) was generated and applied for translational medicine purposes; here it was used to treat naïve C57BL/6 and OT1 mice for CD8 T cell response analysis. Syngeneic B16ova and E.G7ova mouse models were employed for adoptive cell transfer to evaluate the effects of Alb-FLT3L preconditioning of CD8 T cells on tumor progression. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of Alb-FLT3L modulation, we conducted bulk RNA-seq analysis of the CD44high CD8 T cells. STAT1-deficient mice were used to elucidate the functional roles of Alb-FLT3L in the modulation of T cells. Finally, antibody blockade of type one interferon signaling and in vitro coculture of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) with naive CD8 T cells was performed to determine the role of pDCs in mediating regulation of CD44high CD8 T cells. RESULTS CD44high CD8 T cells were enhanced in C57BL/6 mice administrated with Alb-FLT3L. These CD8 T cells exhibited virtual memory features and had greater proliferative and effective functions. Notably, the adoptive transfer of CD44high naïve CD8 T cells into C57BL/6 mice with B16ova tumors led to significant tumor regression. RNA-seq analysis of the CD44high naïve CD8 T cells revealed FLT3L to induce CD44high CD8 T cells in a JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway-dependent manner, as supported by results indicating a decreased ability of FLT3L to enhance CD8 T cell proliferation in STAT1-deficient mice as compared to wild-type control mice. Moreover, antibody blockade of type one interferon signaling restricted the generation of FLT3L-induced CD44high CD8 T cells, while CD44 expression was able to be induced in naïve CD8 T cells cocultured with pDCs derived from FLT3L-treated mice. This suggests the crucial role of pDCs in mediating FLT3L regulation of CD44high CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide critical insight and support the therapeutic potential of Alb-FLT3L as an immune modulator in preconditioning of naïve CD8 T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Kung
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling Lim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Julia Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Sobral MC, Mooney DJ. Materials-Based Approaches for Cancer Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:179-187. [PMID: 38166245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines offer the promise of stimulating the immune system to specifically eradicate tumor cells and establish long-term memory to prevent tumor recurrence. However, despite showing benign safety profiles and the ability to generate Ag-specific cellular responses, cancer vaccines have been hampered by modest clinical efficacy. Lessons learned from these studies have led to the emergence of innovative materials-based strategies that aim to boost the clinical activity of cancer vaccines. In this Brief Review, we provide an overview of the key elements needed for an effective vaccine-induced antitumor response, categorize current approaches to therapeutic cancer vaccination, and explore recent advances in materials-based strategies to potentiate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Sobral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
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13
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Liu P, Zhao L, Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhancers-Drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by dendritic cells. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:7-19. [PMID: 37596984 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The search for immunostimulatory drugs applicable to cancer immunotherapy may profit from target-agnostic methods in which agents are screened for their functional impact on immune cells cultured in vitro without any preconceived idea on their mode of action. We have built a synthetic mini-immune system in which stressed and dying cancer cells (derived from standardized cell lines) are confronted with dendritic cells (DCs, derived from immortalized precursors) and CD8+ T-cell hybridoma cells expressing a defined T-cell receptor. Using this system, we can identify three types of immunostimulatory drugs: (i) pharmacological agents that stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) of malignant cells; (ii) drugs that act on DCs to enhance their response to ICD; and (iii) drugs that act on T cells to increase their effector function. Here, we focus on strategies to develop drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by DCs and to which we refer as "ICD enhancers." We discuss examples of ICD enhancers, including ligands of pattern recognition receptors (exemplified by TLR3 ligands that correct the deficient function of DCs lacking FPR1) and immunometabolic modifiers (exemplified by hexokinase-2 inhibitors), as well as methods for target deconvolution applicable to the mechanistic characterization of ICD enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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14
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Zhang Y, Hou X, Du S, Xue Y, Yan J, Kang DD, Zhong Y, Wang C, Deng B, McComb DW, Dong Y. Close the cancer-immunity cycle by integrating lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations and dendritic cell therapy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1364-1374. [PMID: 37500773 PMCID: PMC11282451 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Effective cancer immunotherapy is usually blocked by immunosuppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment, resulting in tumour promotion, metastasis and recurrence. Here we combine lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations and dendritic cell therapy (named CATCH) to boost the cancer-immunity cycle via progressive steps to overcome the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Multiple types of sugar-alcohol-derived lipid nanoparticles are conceived to modulate the cancer-immunity cycle. First, one type of lipid nanoparticle containing CD40 ligand mRNA induces robust immunogenic cell death in tumoural tissues, leading to the release of tumour-associated antigens and the expression of CD40 ligand. Next, dendritic cells engineered by another type of lipid nanoparticle encapsulating CD40 mRNA are adoptively transferred, which are then activated by the CD40 ligand molecules in tumoural tissues. This promotes the secretion of multiple cytokines and chemokines, and the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules on dendritic cells, which are crucial for reprogramming the tumour microenvironment and priming the T-cell responses. After dendritic cells present tumour-associated antigens to T cells, all the above stepwise events contribute to boosting a potent tumour-specific T-cell immunity that eradicates established tumours, suppresses distal lesions and prevents tumour rechallenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebao Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonger Xue
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana D Kang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yichen Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chang Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Binbin Deng
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David W McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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D'Anniballe VM, Huang MN, Lueck BD, Nicholson LT, McFatridge I, Gunn MD. Antigen-loaded Monocyte Administration and Flt3 Ligand Augment the Antitumor Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in a Murine Melanoma Model. J Immunother 2023; 46:333-340. [PMID: 37737688 PMCID: PMC10592023 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Undifferentiated monocytes can be loaded with tumor antigens (Ag) and administered intravenously to induce antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. This vaccination strategy exploits an endogenous Ag cross-presentation pathway, where Ag-loaded monocytes (monocyte vaccines) transfer their Ag to resident splenic dendritic cells (DC), which then stimulate robust CD8 + CTL responses. In this study, we investigated whether monocyte vaccination in combination with CDX-301, a DC-expanding cytokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), could improve the antitumor efficacy of anti-programmed cell death (anti-PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade. We found that Flt3L expanded splenic DC over 40-fold in vivo and doubled the number of circulating Ag-specific T cells when administered before monocyte vaccination in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, OVA-monocyte vaccination combined with either anti-PD-1, anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) suppressed subcutaneous B16/F10-OVA tumor growth to a greater extent than checkpoint blockade alone. When administered together, OVA-monocyte vaccination improved the antitumor efficacy of Flt3L and anti-PD-1 in terms of circulating Ag-specific CD8 + T cell frequency and inhibition of subcutaneous B16/F10-OVA tumor growth. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a cancer vaccine strategy and Flt3L can improve the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1. The findings presented here warrant further study of how monocyte vaccines can improve Flt3L and immune checkpoint blockade as they enter clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M D'Anniballe
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Benjamin D Lueck
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Ian McFatridge
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael D Gunn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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16
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Van Gool SW, Van de Vliet P, Kampers LFC, Kosmal J, Sprenger T, Reich E, Schirrmacher V, Stuecker W. Methods behind oncolytic virus-based DC vaccines in cancer: Toward a multiphase combined treatment strategy for Glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:51-113. [PMID: 38548421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an orphan cancer disease with poor outcome. Novel treatment strategies are needed. Immunotherapy has several modes of action. The addition of active specific immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccines resulted in improved overall survival of patients. Integration of DC vaccination within the first-line combined treatment became a challenge, and immunogenic cell death immunotherapy during chemotherapy was introduced. We used a retrospective analysis using real world data to evaluate the complex combined treatment, which included individualized multimodal immunotherapy during and after standard of care, and which required adaptations during treatment, and found a further improvement of overall survival. We also discuss the use of real world data as evidence. Novel strategies to move the field of individualized multimodal immunotherapy forward for GBM patients are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ella Reich
- Immun-onkologisches Zentrum Köln, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Wijfjes Z, van Dalen FJ, Le Gall CM, Verdoes M. Controlling Antigen Fate in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines by Targeting Dendritic Cell Receptors. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4826-4847. [PMID: 37721387 PMCID: PMC10548474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) orchestrate immune responses and are therefore of interest for the targeted delivery of therapeutic vaccines. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that excel in presentation of exogenous antigens toward CD4+ T helper cells, as well as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. DCs are highly heterogeneous and can be divided into subpopulations that differ in abundance, function, and phenotype, such as differential expression of endocytic receptor molecules. It is firmly established that targeting antigens to DC receptors enhances the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. While most studies emphasize the importance of targeting a specific DC subset, we argue that the differential intracellular routing downstream of the targeted receptors within the DC subset should also be considered. Here, we review the mouse and human receptors studied as target for therapeutic vaccines, focusing on antibody and ligand conjugates and how their targeting affects antigen presentation. We aim to delineate how targeting distinct receptors affects antigen presentation and vaccine efficacy, which will guide target selection for future therapeutic vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Wijfjes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J. van Dalen
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camille M. Le Gall
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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de Souza-Silva GA, Sulczewski FB, Boscardin SB. Recombinant antigen delivery to dendritic cells as a way to improve vaccine design. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1616-1623. [PMID: 37750021 PMCID: PMC10723026 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231191185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are central to the development of immunity, as they are specialized in initiating antigen-specific immune responses. In this review, we briefly present the existing knowledge on dendritic cell biology and how their division in different dendritic cell subsets may impact the development of immune responses. In addition, we explore the use of chimeric monoclonal antibodies that bind to dendritic cell surface receptors, with an emphasis on the C-type lectin family of endocytic receptors, to deliver antigens directly to these cells. Promising preclinical studies have shown that it is possible to modulate the development of immune responses to different pathogens when monoclonal antibodies fused to pathogen-derived antigens are used to deliver the antigen to different subsets of dendritic cells. This approach can be used to improve the efficacy of vaccines against different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Bandeira Sulczewski
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, São Paulo, 05401-350, Brazil
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19
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Clappaert EJ, Kancheva D, Brughmans J, Debraekeleer A, Bardet PMR, Elkrim Y, Lacroix D, Živalj M, Hamouda AE, Van Ginderachter JA, Deschoemaeker S, Laoui D. Flt3L therapy increases the abundance of Treg-promoting CCR7 + cDCs in preclinical cancer models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166180. [PMID: 37622122 PMCID: PMC10445485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are at the forefront of activating the immune system to mount an anti-tumor immune response. Flt3L is a cytokine required for DC development that can increase DC abundance in the tumor when administered therapeutically. However, the impact of Flt3L on the phenotype of distinct cDC subsets in the tumor microenvironment is still largely undetermined. Here, using multi-omic single-cell analysis, we show that Flt3L therapy increases all cDC subsets in orthotopic E0771 and TS/A breast cancer and LLC lung cancer models, but this did not result in a reduction of tumor growth in any of the models. Interestingly, a CD81+migcDC1 population, likely developing from cDC1, was induced upon Flt3L treatment in E0771 tumors as well as in TS/A breast and LLC lung tumors. This CD81+migcDC1 subset is characterized by the expression of both canonical cDC1 markers as well as migratory cDC activation and regulatory markers and displayed a Treg-inducing potential. To shift the cDC phenotype towards a T-cell stimulatory phenotype, CD40 agonist therapy was administered to E0771 tumor-bearing mice in combination with Flt3L. However, while αCD40 reduced tumor growth, Flt3L failed to improve the therapeutic response to αCD40 therapy. Interestingly, Flt3L+αCD40 combination therapy increased the abundance of Treg-promoting CD81+migcDC1. Nonetheless, while Treg-depletion and αCD40 therapy were synergistic, the addition of Flt3L to this combination did not result in any added benefit. Overall, these results indicate that merely increasing cDCs in the tumor by Flt3L treatment cannot improve anti-tumor responses and therefore might not be beneficial for the treatment of cancer, though could still be of use to increase cDC numbers for autologous DC-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile J. Clappaert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daliya Kancheva
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Brughmans
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ayla Debraekeleer
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline M. R. Bardet
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvon Elkrim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Lacroix
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maida Živalj
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmed E.I. Hamouda
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie Deschoemaeker
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Mestrallet G, Brown M, Bozkus CC, Bhardwaj N. Immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy in mismatch repair deficient tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210164. [PMID: 37492581 PMCID: PMC10363668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 30% of colorectal, endometrial and gastric cancers have a deficiency in mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression due to either germline or epigenetic inactivation. Patients with Lynch Syndrome who inherit an inactive MMR allele have an up to 80% risk for developing a mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) cancer. Due to an inability to repair DNA, MMRd tumors present with genomic instability in microsatellite regions (MS). Tumors with high MS instability (MSI-H) are characterized by an increased frequency of insertion/deletions (indels) that can encode novel neoantigens if they occur in coding regions. The high tumor antigen burden for MMRd cancers is accompanied by an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) that contributes to the clinical effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy in this patient population. However, between 40 and 70% of MMRd cancer patients do not respond to treatment with PD-1 blockade, suggesting that tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic resistance mechanisms may affect the success of checkpoint blockade. Immune evasion mechanisms that occur during early tumorigenesis and persist through cancer development may provide a window into resistance pathways that limit the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms of immune escape in MMRd tumors during development and checkpoint blockade treatment, including T cell dysregulation and myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression in the TME. Finally, we discuss the development of new therapeutic approaches to tackle resistance in MMRd tumors, including cancer vaccines, therapies targeting immunosuppressive myeloid programs, and immune checkpoint combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Brown
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cansu Cimen Bozkus
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Extramural member, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
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21
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Teplensky MH, Evangelopoulos M, Dittmar JW, Forsyth CM, Sinegra AJ, Wang S, Mirkin CA. Multi-antigen spherical nucleic acid cancer vaccines. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:911-927. [PMID: 36717738 PMCID: PMC10424220 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-01000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines must activate multiple immune cell types to be effective against aggressive tumours. Here we report the impact of the structural presentation of two antigenic peptides on immune responses at the transcriptomic, cellular and organismal levels. We used spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanoparticles to investigate how the spatial distribution and placement of two antigen classes affect antigen processing, cytokine production and the induction of memory. Compared with single-antigen SNAs, a single dual-antigen SNA elicited a 30% increase in antigen-specific T cell activation and a two-fold increase in T cell proliferation. Antigen placement within dual-antigen SNAs altered the gene expression of T cells and tumour growth. Specifically, dual-antigen SNAs encapsulating antigens targeting helper T cells and with externally conjugated antigens targeting cytotoxic T cells elevated antitumour genetic pathways, stalling lymphoma tumours in mice. Additionally, when combined with the checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed-cell-death protein-1 in a mouse model of melanoma, a specific antigen arrangement within dual-antigen SNAs suppressed tumour growth and increased the levels of circulating memory T cells. The structural design of multi-antigen vaccines substantially impacts their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Teplensky
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Jasper W Dittmar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Connor M Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Sinegra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Shuya Wang
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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22
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Xiao Z, Wang R, Wang X, Yang H, Dong J, He X, Yang Y, Guo J, Cui J, Zhou Z. Impaired function of dendritic cells within the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213629. [PMID: 37441069 PMCID: PMC10333501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), a class of professional antigen-presenting cells, are considered key factors in the initiation and maintenance of anti-tumor immunity due to their powerful ability to present antigen and stimulate T-cell responses. The important role of DCs in controlling tumor growth and mediating potent anti-tumor immunity has been demonstrated in various cancer models. Accordingly, the infiltration of stimulatory DCs positively correlates with the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in a variety of solid tumors. However, accumulating evidence indicates that DCs exhibit a significantly dysfunctional state, ultimately leading to an impaired anti-tumor immune response due to the effects of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are exploring immunotherapeutic strategies to better control tumors by restoring or enhancing the activity of DCs in tumors, such as the popular DC-based vaccines. In this review, an overview of the role of DCs in controlling tumor progression is provided, followed by a summary of the current advances in understanding the mechanisms by which the TME affects the normal function of DCs, and concluding with a brief discussion of current strategies for DC-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Haikui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiamei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
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23
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Sosa Cuevas E, Saas P, Aspord C. Dendritic Cell Subsets in Melanoma: Pathophysiology, Clinical Prognosis and Therapeutic Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082206. [PMID: 37190135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from immunity is a hallmark of cancer development. Dendritic cells (DCs) are strategic immune cells shaping anti-tumor immune responses, but tumor cells exploit DC versatility to subvert their functions. Unveiling the puzzling role of DCs in the control of tumor development and mechanisms of tumor-induced DC hijacking is critical to optimize current therapies and to design future efficient immunotherapies for melanoma. Dendritic cells, crucially positioned at the center of anti-tumor immunity, represent attractive targets to develop new therapeutic approaches. Harnessing the potencies of each DC subset to trigger appropriate immune responses while avoiding their subversion is a challenging yet promising step to achieve tumor immune control. This review focuses on advances regarding the diversity of DC subsets, their pathophysiology and impact on clinical outcome in melanoma patients. We provide insights into the regulation mechanisms of DCs by the tumor, and overview DC-based therapeutic developments for melanoma. Further insights into DCs' diversity, features, networking, regulation and shaping by the tumor microenvironment will allow designing novel effective cancer therapies. The DCs deserve to be positioned in the current melanoma immunotherapeutic landscape. Recent discoveries strongly motivate exploitation of the exceptional potential of DCs to drive robust anti-tumor immunity, offering promising tracks for clinical successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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24
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Freitas R, Peixoto A, Ferreira E, Miranda A, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Immunomodulatory glycomedicine: Introducing next generation cancer glycovaccines. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108144. [PMID: 37028466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to the lack of safer and more effective therapies. Cancer vaccines developed from neoantigens are an emerging strategy to promote protective and therapeutic anti-cancer immune responses. Advances in glycomics and glycoproteomics have unveiled several cancer-specific glycosignatures, holding tremendous potential to foster effective cancer glycovaccines. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumours poses a major obstacle to vaccine-based immunotherapy. Chemical modification of tumour associated glycans, conjugation with immunogenic carriers and administration in combination with potent immune adjuvants constitute emerging strategies to address this bottleneck. Moreover, novel vaccine vehicles have been optimized to enhance immune responses against otherwise poorly immunogenic cancer epitopes. Nanovehicles have shown increased affinity for antigen presenting cells (APCs) in lymph nodes and tumours, while reducing treatment toxicity. Designs exploiting glycans recognized by APCs have further enhanced the delivery of antigenic payloads, improving glycovaccine's capacity to elicit innate and acquired immune responses. These solutions show potential to reduce tumour burden, while generating immunological memory. Building on this rationale, we provide a comprehensive overview on emerging cancer glycovaccines, emphasizing the potential of nanotechnology in this context. A roadmap towards clinical implementation is also delivered foreseeing advances in glycan-based immunomodulatory cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Freitas
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Miranda
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal.
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25
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Barry ST, Gabrilovich DI, Sansom OJ, Campbell AD, Morton JP. Therapeutic targeting of tumour myeloid cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:216-237. [PMID: 36747021 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are pivotal within the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The accumulation of tumour-modified myeloid cells derived from monocytes or neutrophils - termed 'myeloid-derived suppressor cells' - and tumour-associated macrophages is associated with poor outcome and resistance to treatments such as chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, there has been little success in large-scale clinical trials of myeloid cell modulators, and only a few distinct strategies have been used to target suppressive myeloid cells clinically so far. Preclinical and translational studies have now elucidated specific functions for different myeloid cell subpopulations within the tumour microenvironment, revealing context-specific roles of different myeloid cell populations in disease progression and influencing response to therapy. To improve the success of myeloid cell-targeted therapies, it will be important to target tumour types and patient subsets in which myeloid cells represent the dominant driver of therapy resistance, as well as to determine the most efficacious treatment regimens and combination partners. This Review discusses what we can learn from work with the first generation of myeloid modulators and highlights recent developments in modelling context-specific roles for different myeloid cell subtypes, which can ultimately inform how to drive more successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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26
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Mastelic-Gavillet B, Sarivalasis A, Lozano LE, Lofek S, Wyss T, Melero I, de Vries IJM, Harari A, Romero P, Kandalaft LE, Viganó S. Longitudinal analysis of DC subsets in patients with ovarian cancer: Implications for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119371. [PMID: 36845155 PMCID: PMC9950108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of circulating cDC1 to generate anti-cancer vaccines is among the most promising approaches to overcome the limited immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of monocyte-derived DC. However, the recurrent lymphopenia and the reduction of DC numbers and functionality in patients with cancer may represent an important limitation of such approach. In patients with ovarian cancer (OvC) that had received chemotherapy, we previously showed that cDC1 frequency and function were reduced. Methods We recruited healthy donors (HD, n=7) and patients with OvC at diagnosis and undergoing interval debulking surgery (IDS, n=6), primary debulking surgery (PDS, n=6) or at relapse (n=8). We characterized longitudinally phenotypic and functional properties of peripheral DC subsets by multiparametric flow cytometry. Results We show that the frequency of cDC1 and the total CD141+ DC capacity to take up antigen are not reduced at the diagnosis, while their TLR3 responsiveness is partially impaired in comparison with HD. Chemotherapy causes cDC1 depletion and increase in cDC2 frequency, but mainly in patients belonging to the PDS group, while in the IDS group both total lymphocytes and cDC1 are preserved. The capacity of total CD141+ DC and cDC2 to take up antigen is not impacted by chemotherapy, while the activation capacity upon Poly(I:C) (TLR3L) stimulation is further decreased. Conclusions Our study provides new information about the impact of chemotherapy on the immune system of patients with OvC and sheds a new light on the importance of considering timing with respect to chemotherapy when designing new vaccination strategies that aim at withdrawing or targeting specific DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Apostolos Sarivalasis
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leyder Elena Lozano
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Lofek
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana Elias Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Selena Viganó
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Cancer Vaccines for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010146. [PMID: 36679991 PMCID: PMC9866612 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype of breast cancer with the poorest outcomes, and is associated with a high risk of relapse and metastasis. The treatment choices for this malignancy have been confined to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, due to a lack of expression of the canonical molecular targets. Immunotherapy has been recently changing the treatment paradigm for many types of tumors, and the approach of evoking active immune responses in the milieu of breast tumors through cancer vaccines has been introduced as one of the most novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Accordingly, a number of vaccines for the treatment or prevention of recurrence have been developed and are currently being studied in TNBC patients, while none have yet received any approvals. To elucidate the efficacy and safety of these vaccines, we performed a systematic review of the available literature on the topic. After searching the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases, a total of 5701 results were obtained, from which 42 clinical studies were eventually included based on the predefined criteria. The overall quality of the included studies was acceptable. However, due to a lack of reporting outcomes of survival or progression in some studies (which were presented as conference abstracts) as well as the heterogeneity of the reported outcomes and study designs, we were not able to carry out a meta-analysis. A total of 32 different vaccines have so far been evaluated in TNBC patients, with the majority belonging to the peptide-based vaccine type. The other vaccines were in the cell or nucleic acid (RNA/DNA)-based categories. Most vaccines proved to be safe with low-grade, local adverse events and could efficiently evoke cellular immune responses; however, most trials were not able to demonstrate significant improvements in clinical indices of efficacy. This is in part due to the limited number of randomized studies, as well as the limited TNBC population of each trial. However, due to the encouraging results of the currently published trials, we anticipate that this strategy could show its potential through larger, phase III randomized studies in the near future.
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28
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Stoitzner P, Romani N, Rademacher C, Probst HC, Mahnke K. Antigen targeting to dendritic cells: Still a place in future immunotherapy? Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1909-1924. [PMID: 35598160 PMCID: PMC10084009 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of DCs is their potent and outstanding capacity to activate naive resting T cells. As such, DCs are the sentinels of the immune system and instrumental for the induction of immune responses. This is one of the reasons, why DCs became the focus of immunotherapeutical strategies to fight infections, cancer, and autoimmunity. Besides the exploration of adoptive DC-therapy for which DCs are generated from monocytes or purified in large numbers from the blood, alternative approaches were developed such as antigen targeting of DCs. The idea behind this strategy is that DCs resident in patients' lymphoid organs or peripheral tissues can be directly loaded with antigens in situ. The proof of principle came from mouse models; subsequent translational studies confirmed the potential of this therapy. The first clinical trials demonstrated feasibility and the induction of T-cell immunity in patients. This review will cover: (i) the historical aspects of antigen targeting, (ii) briefly summarize the biology of DCs and the immunological functions upon which this concept rests, (iii) give an overview on attempts to target DC receptors with antibodies or (glycosylated) ligands, and finally, (iv) discuss the translation of antigen targeting into clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Svensson-Arvelund J, Cuadrado-Castano S, Pantsulaia G, Kim K, Aleynick M, Hammerich L, Upadhyay R, Yellin M, Marsh H, Oreper D, Jhunjhunwala S, Moussion C, Merad M, Brown BD, García-Sastre A, Brody JD. Expanding cross-presenting dendritic cells enhances oncolytic virotherapy and is critical for long-term anti-tumor immunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7149. [PMID: 36418317 PMCID: PMC9684150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies directly enhancing anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses have yielded measurable but limited success, highlighting the need for alternatives. Anti-tumor T cell responses critically depend on antigen presenting dendritic cells (DC), and enhancing mobilization, antigen loading and activation of these cells represent an attractive possibility to potentiate T cell based therapies. Here we show that expansion of DCs by Flt3L administration impacts in situ vaccination with oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Mechanistically, NDV activates DCs and sensitizes them to dying tumor cells through upregulation of dead-cell receptors and synergizes with Flt3L to promote anti-tumor CD8+ T cell cross-priming. In vivo, Flt3L-NDV in situ vaccination induces parallel amplification of virus- and tumor-specific T cells, including CD8+ T cells reactive to newly-described neoepitopes, promoting long-term tumor control. Cross-presenting conventional Type 1 DCs are indispensable for the anti-tumor, but not anti-viral, T cell response, and type I IFN-dependent CD4+ Th1 effector cells contribute to optimal anti-tumor immunity. These data demonstrate that mobilizing DCs to increase tumor antigen cross-presentation improves oncolytic virotherapy and that neoepitope-specific T cells can be induced without individualized, ex vivo manufactured vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Svensson-Arvelund
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, 582 25, Sweden.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Sara Cuadrado-Castano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gvantsa Pantsulaia
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kristy Kim
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mark Aleynick
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow- Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Ranjan Upadhyay
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Henry Marsh
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc, Needham, MA, 02494, USA
| | | | | | | | - Miriam Merad
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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30
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Fu C, Ma T, Zhou L, Mi QS, Jiang A. Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines Against Cancer: Challenges, Advances and Future Opportunities. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2133-2158. [PMID: 35946383 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the most potent professional antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) have the ability to activate both naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. Recognized for their exceptional ability to cross-present exogenous antigens to prime naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells, DCs play a critical role in generating CD8 T cell immunity, as well as mediating CD8 T cell tolerance to tumor antigens. Despite the ability to potentiate host CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, current DC-based cancer vaccines have not yet achieved the promised success clinically with the exception of FDA-approved Provenge. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) play a critical role in cross-priming tumor-specific CD8 T cells and determining the anti-tumor efficacy of cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Together with promising clinical results in neoantigen-based cancer vaccines, there is a great need for DC-based vaccines to be further developed and refined either as monotherapies or in combination with other immunotherapies. In this review, we will present a brief review of DC development and function, discuss recent progress, and provide a perspective on future directions to realize the promising potential of DC-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tianle Ma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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31
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Mestrallet G, Sone K, Bhardwaj N. Strategies to overcome DC dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980709. [PMID: 36275666 PMCID: PMC9583271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role to modulate anti-cancer immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They link innate to adaptive immunity by processing and presenting tumor antigens to T cells thereby initiating an anti-tumor response. However, subsets of DCs also induce immune-tolerance, leading to tumor immune escape. In this regard, the TME plays a major role in adversely affecting DC function. Better understanding of DC impairment mechanisms in the TME will lead to more efficient DC-targeting immunotherapy. Here, we review the different subtypes and functions of DCs in the TME, including conventional DCs, plasmacytoid DC and the newly proposed subset, mregDC. We further focus on how cancer cells modulate DCs to escape from the host's immune-surveillance. Immune checkpoint expression, small molecule mediators, metabolites, deprivation of pro-immunogenic and release of pro-tumorigenic cytokine secretion by tumors and tumor-attracted immuno-suppressive cells inhibit DC differentiation and function. Finally, we discuss the impact of established therapies on DCs, such as immune checkpoint blockade. Creative DC-targeted therapeutic strategies will be highlighted, including cancer vaccines and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kazuki Sone
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Extramural Member, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
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32
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Daly RJ, Scott AM, Klein O, Ernst M. Enhancing therapeutic anti-cancer responses by combining immune checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibition. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:189. [PMID: 36175961 PMCID: PMC9523960 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been established as the standard of care for many types of cancer, but the strategies employed have continued to evolve. Recently, much clinical focus has been on combining targeted therapies with ICI for the purpose of manipulating the immune setpoint. The latter concept describes the equilibrium between factors that promote and those that suppress anti-cancer immunity. Besides tumor mutational load and other cancer cell-intrinsic determinants, the immune setpoint is also governed by the cells of the tumor microenvironment and how they are coerced by cancer cells to support the survival and growth of the tumor. These regulatory mechanisms provide therapeutic opportunities to intervene and reduce immune suppression via application of small molecule inhibitors and antibody-based therapies against (receptor) tyrosine kinases and thereby improve the response to ICIs. This article reviews how tyrosine kinase signaling in the tumor microenvironment can promote immune suppression and highlights how therapeutic strategies directed against specific tyrosine kinases can be used to lower the immune setpoint and elicit more effective anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Oliver Klein
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, 145 Studley Rd, Melbourne-Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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33
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Yaping W, Zhe W, Zhuling C, Ruolei L, Pengyu F, Lili G, Cheng J, Bo Z, Liuyin L, Guangdong H, Yaoling W, Niuniu H, Rui L. The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:988703. [PMID: 36246629 PMCID: PMC9558824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are a key component. Different types of TIICs play distinct roles. CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells could secrete soluble factors to hinder tumor cell growth, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) release inhibitory factors to promote tumor growth and progression. In the meantime, a growing body of evidence illustrates that the balance between pro- and anti-tumor responses of TIICs is associated with the prognosis in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in order to boost anti-tumor response and improve the clinical outcome of tumor patients, a variety of anti-tumor strategies for targeting TIICs based on their respective functions have been developed and obtained good treatment benefits, including mainly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapies (ACT), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and various monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, the tumor-specific features of immune cells are further investigated by various methods, such as using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and the results indicate that these cells have diverse phenotypes in different types of tumors and emerge inconsistent therapeutic responses. Hence, we concluded the recent advances in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including functions, prognostic values, and various immunotherapy strategies for each immune cell in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yaping
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Zhe
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chu Zhuling
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ruolei
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Pengyu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo Lili
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Liuyin
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hou Guangdong
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Yaoling
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou Niuniu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
| | - Ling Rui
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
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34
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Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as a Novel Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911397. [PMID: 36232698 PMCID: PMC9570010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are multifaceted immune cells with a wide range of innate and adaptive immunological functions. They constitute the first line of defence against multiple viral infections and have also been reported to actively participate in antitumor immune responses. The clinical implication of the presence of pDCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still ambiguous, but it is clear that pDCs possess the ability to modulate tumor-specific T cell responses and direct cytotoxic functions. Therapeutic strategies designed to exploit these qualities of pDCs to boost tumor-specific immune responses could represent an attractive alternative compared to conventional therapeutic approaches in the future, and promising antitumor effects have already been reported in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we review the many roles of pDCs in cancer and present current advances in developing pDC-based immunotherapeutic approaches for treating cancer.
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35
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Board NL, Moskovljevic M, Wu F, Siliciano RF, Siliciano JD. Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:499-512. [PMID: 34824401 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can block multiple stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to prevent progression to AIDS in people living with HIV-1. However, owing to the persistence of a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells, life-long ART is necessary to prevent viral rebound. One strategy currently under consideration for curing HIV-1 infection is known as 'shock and kill'. This strategy uses latency-reversing agents to induce expression of HIV-1 genes, allowing for infected cells to be cleared by cytolytic immune cells. The role of innate immunity in HIV-1 pathogenesis is best understood in the context of acute infection. Here, we suggest that innate immunity can also be used to improve the efficacy of HIV-1 cure strategies, with a particular focus on dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells. We discuss novel latency-reversing agents targeting DCs as well as DC-based strategies to enhance the clearance of infected cells by CD8+ T cells and strategies to improve the killing activity of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Board
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milica Moskovljevic
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengting Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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36
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Lin MJ, Svensson-Arvelund J, Lubitz GS, Marabelle A, Melero I, Brown BD, Brody JD. Cancer vaccines: the next immunotherapy frontier. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:911-926. [PMID: 35999309 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
After several decades, therapeutic cancer vaccines now show signs of efficacy and potential to help patients resistant to other standard-of-care immunotherapies, but they have yet to realize their full potential and expand the oncologic armamentarium. Here, we classify cancer vaccines by what is known of the included antigens, which tumors express those antigens and where the antigens colocalize with antigen-presenting cells, thus delineating predefined vaccines (shared or personalized) and anonymous vaccines (ex vivo or in situ). To expedite clinical development, we highlight the need for accurate immune monitoring of early trials to acknowledge failures and advance the most promising vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judit Svensson-Arvelund
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle S Lubitz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), INSERM U1015 and CIC1428, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Brian D Brown
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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37
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Sellars MC, Wu CJ, Fritsch EF. Cancer vaccines: Building a bridge over troubled waters. Cell 2022; 185:2770-2788. [PMID: 35835100 PMCID: PMC9555301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the multiple unique challenges faced by vaccines targeting cancer. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry, neoantigen prediction, genetically and pharmacologically engineered mouse models, and single-cell omics have revealed new biology, which can help to bridge this divide. We particularly focus on translationally relevant aspects, such as antigen selection and delivery and the monitoring of human post-vaccination responses, and encourage more aggressive exploration of novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacLean C Sellars
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Edward F Fritsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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38
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Ascierto PA, Avallone A, Bhardwaj N, Bifulco C, Bracarda S, Brody JD, Buonaguro L, Demaria S, Emens LA, Ferris RL, Galon J, Khleif SN, Klebanoff CA, Laskowski T, Melero I, Paulos CM, Pignata S, Ruella M, Svane IM, Taube JM, Fox BA, Hwu P, Puzanov I. Perspectives in Immunotherapy: meeting report from the Immunotherapy Bridge, December 1st-2nd, 2021. J Transl Med 2022; 20:257. [PMID: 35672823 PMCID: PMC9172186 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy has become an increasingly fundamental modality in the treatment of cancer. The positive impact of immune checkpoint inhibition, especially anti-programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand (L)1 blockade, in patients with different cancers has focused attention on the potential for other immunotherapeutic approaches. These include inhibitors of additional immune checkpoints, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and therapeutic vaccines. Patients with advanced cancers who previously had limited treatment options available may now benefit from immunotherapies that can offer durable responses and improved survival outcomes. However, despite this, a significant proportion of patients fail to respond to immunotherapy, especially those with less immunoresponsive cancer types, and there remains a need for new treatment strategies.The virtual Immunotherapy Bridge (December 1st-2nd, 2021), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer addressed several areas of current research in immunotherapy, including lessons learned from cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy across different cancers, and these are summarised here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Providence Genomics and Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sergio Bracarda
- Medical and Translational Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- Magee Women's Hospital/UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology/Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer/Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Marseille, France
| | - Samir N Khleif
- The Loop Immuno Oncology Laboratory, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher A Klebanoff
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Immuno-Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)/Center for Cell Engineering, MSKCC/Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamara Laskowski
- Head of New Therapeutic Products - Personalized Medicine, Lonza Global, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and CIBERONC, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Janis M Taube
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University SOM, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Zuo B, Zhang Y, Zhao K, Wu L, Qi H, Yang R, Gao X, Geng M, Wu Y, Jing R, Zhou Q, Seow Y, Yin H. Universal immunotherapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma with exosome vaccines that engage adaptive and innate immune responses. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:46. [PMID: 35488312 PMCID: PMC9052531 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Personalized immunotherapy utilizing cancer vaccines tailored to the tumors of individual patients holds promise for tumors with high genetic heterogeneity, potentially enabling eradication of the tumor in its entirety. Methods Here, we demonstrate a general strategy for biological nanovaccines that trigger tailored tumor-specific immune responses for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes (DEX) are painted with a HCC-targeting peptide (P47-P), an α-fetoprotein epitope (AFP212-A2) and a functional domain of high mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (N1ND-N), an immunoadjuvant for DC recruitment and activation, via an exosomal anchor peptide to form a “trigger” DEX vaccine (DEXP&A2&N). Results DEXP&A2&N specifically promoted recruitment, accumulation and activation of DCs in mice with orthotopic HCC tumor, resulting in enhanced cross-presentation of tumor neoantigens and de novo T cell response. DEXP&A2&N elicited significant tumor retardation and tumor-specific immune responses in HCC mice with large tumor burdens. Importantly, tumor eradication was achieved in orthotopic HCC mice when antigenic AFP peptide was replaced with the full-length AFP (A) to form DEXP&A&N. Supplementation of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand greatly augmented the antitumor immunity of DEXP&A&N by increasing immunological memory against tumor re-challenge in orthotopic HCC mice. Depletion of T cells, cross-presenting DCs and other innate immune cells abrogated the functionality of DEXP&A&N. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the capacity of universal DEX vaccines to induce tumor-specific immune responses by triggering an immune response tailored to the tumors of each individual, thus presenting a generalizable approach for personalized immunotherapy of HCC, by extension of other tumors, without the need to identify tumor antigens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01266-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Zuo
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Kangjie Zhao
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li Wu
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Han Qi
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianjun Gao
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mengyuan Geng
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Renwei Jing
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qibing Zhou
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yiqi Seow
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - HaiFang Yin
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and School of Medical Technology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Fukuda K. Networks of CD8+ T Cell Response Activation in Melanoma and Vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866703. [PMID: 35432377 PMCID: PMC9011047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer derived from melanocyte, which shows high response rate to cancer immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease resulting from the destruction of melanocytes by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Vitiligo induced by cancer immunotherapy is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with melanoma, and growing evidence supports the fact that melanocyte/melanoma-shared antigen (MSA)-specific CD8+ T cells infiltrated in the tumor (melanoma) and skin (vitiligo) microenvironment play pivotal roles in the prognosis of both diseases. Thus, cellular communications that promote MSA-specific CD8+ T cells recruitment, proliferation, and effector functions are now seen as key targets to enhance the efficacy of current therapies for both diseases. Here, we discussed recent advancements in illustrating immune signaling pathways and immune cell types that regulate migration, proliferation, and function of MSA-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma and vitiligo; and future immunotherapeutic approaches that may enhance clinical outcomes of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Keitaro Fukuda,
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41
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Gupta YH, Khanom A, Acton SE. Control of Dendritic Cell Function Within the Tumour Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:733800. [PMID: 35355992 PMCID: PMC8960065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.733800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) presents a major block to anti-tumour immune responses and to effective cancer immunotherapy. The inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and prostaglandins generated in the TME alter the phenotype and function of dendritic cells (DCs) that are critical for a successful adaptive immune response against the growing tumour. In this mini review we discuss how tumour cells and the surrounding stroma modulate DC maturation and trafficking to impact T cell function. Fibroblastic stroma and the associated extracellular matrix around tumours can also provide physical restrictions to infiltrating DCs and other leukocytes. We discuss interactions between the inflammatory TME and infiltrating immune cell function, exploring how the inflammatory TME affects generation of T cell-driven anti-tumour immunity. We discuss the open question of the relative importance of antigen-presentation site; locally within the TME versus tumour-draining lymph nodes. Addressing these questions will potentially increase immune surveillance and enhance anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukti Hari Gupta
- Stromal Immunology Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Laboratory, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Rodríguez-Silvestre P, Kozik P. If it ain’t broke, break it: facilitating antigen cross-presentation. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:251-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Uldrick TS, Adams SV, Fromentin R, Roche M, Fling SP, Gonçalves PH, Lurain K, Ramaswami R, Jackie Wang CC, Gorelick RJ, Welker JL, O’Donoghue L, Choudhary H, Lifson JD, Rasmussen TA, Rhodes A, Tumpach C, Yarchoan R, Maldarelli F, Cheever MA, Sékaly R, Chomont N, Deeks SG, Lewin SR. Pembrolizumab induces HIV latency reversal in people living with HIV and cancer on antiretroviral therapy. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl3836. [PMID: 35080914 PMCID: PMC9014398 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), virus persists in a latent form where there is minimal transcription or protein expression. Latently infected cells are a major barrier to curing HIV. Increasing HIV transcription and viral production in latently infected cells could facilitate immune recognition and reduce the pool of infected cells that persist on ART. Given that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expressing CD4+ T cells are preferentially infected with HIV in PLWH on ART, we aimed to determine whether administration of antibodies targeting PD-1 would reverse HIV latency in vivo. We therefore evaluated the impact of intravenous administration of pembrolizumab every 3 weeks on HIV latency in 32 PLWH and cancer on ART. After the first infusion of anti-PD-1, we observed a median 1.32-fold increase in unspliced HIV RNA and 1.61-fold increase in unspliced RNA:DNA ratio in sorted blood CD4+ T cells compared to baseline. We also observed a 1.65-fold increase in plasma HIV RNA. The frequency of CD4+ T cells with inducible virus evaluated using the tat/rev limiting dilution assay was higher after 6 cycles compared to baseline. Phylogenetic analyses of HIV env sequences in a participant who developed low concentrations of HIV viremia after 6 cycles of pembrolizumab did not demonstrate clonal expansion of HIV-infected cells. These data are consistent with anti-PD-1 being able to reverse HIV latency in vivo and support the rationale for combining anti-PD-1 with other interventions to reduce the HIV reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Uldrick
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott V. Adams
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Remi Fromentin
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Michael Roche
- RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Steven P. Fling
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Lurain
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramya Ramaswami
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jorden L. Welker
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Liz O’Donoghue
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Ajantha Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolin Tumpach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Isaacs J, Tan AC, Hanks BA, Wang X, Owzar K, Herndon JE, Antonia SJ, Piantadosi S, Khasraw M. Clinical Trials with Biologic Primary Endpoints in Immuno-oncology: Concepts and Usage. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:13-22. [PMID: 34312214 PMCID: PMC8738124 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials that have a pharmacokinetic or a pharmacodynamic immunologic mechanism of action-based primary outcome could substantially improve the validity and efficiency of early development of immuno-oncology agents. Here, we outline different trial design options in this area, review examples from the literature and their unique immunologic aspects, and highlight how these trials have been underutilized. We illustrate how new technologies and translationally focused approaches can be successfully used to develop different classes of immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C. Tan
- National Cancer Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Corresponding Author: Mustafa Khasraw, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27708. Phone: 919-684-6173; E-mail:
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45
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Wylie B, Ong F, Belhoul-Fakir H, Priebatsch K, Bogdawa H, Stirnweiss A, Watt P, Cunningham P, Stone SR, Waithman J. Targeting Cross-Presentation as a Route to Improve the Efficiency of Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6189. [PMID: 34944809 PMCID: PMC8699136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC) offer an attractive target for vaccination due to their unique ability to process exogenous antigens for presentation on MHC class I molecules. Recent reports have established that these DC express unique surface receptors and play a critical role in the initiation of anti-tumor immunity, opening the way for the development of vaccination strategies specifically targeting these cells. This study investigated whether targeting cross-presenting DC by two complementary mechanisms could improve vaccine effectiveness, in both a viral setting and in a murine melanoma model. Our novel vaccine construct contained the XCL1 ligand, to target uptake to XCR1+ cross-presenting DC, and a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) with endosomal escape properties, to enhance antigen delivery into the cross-presentation pathway. Using a prime-boost regimen, we demonstrated robust expansion of antigen-specific T cells following vaccination with our CPP-linked peptide vaccine and protective immunity against HSV-1 skin infection, where vaccine epitopes were natively expressed by the virus. Additionally, our novel vaccination strategy slowed tumor outgrowth in a B16 murine melanoma model, compared to adjuvant only controls, suggesting antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity was generated following vaccination. These findings suggest that novel strategies to target the antigen cross-presentation pathway in DC may be beneficial for the generation of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wylie
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ferrer Ong
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Hanane Belhoul-Fakir
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
| | | | | | - Anja Stirnweiss
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Watt
- Avicena, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Paula Cunningham
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Shane R. Stone
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
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Giza HM, Bozzacco L. Unboxing dendritic cells: Tales of multi-faceted biology and function. Immunology 2021; 164:433-449. [PMID: 34309853 PMCID: PMC8517577 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Often referred to as the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that constitute a unique, yet complex cell system. Among other APCs, DCs display the unique property of inducing protective immune responses against invading microbes, or cancer cells, while safeguarding the proper homeostatic equilibrium of the immune system and maintaining self-tolerance. Unsurprisingly, DCs play a role in many diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy, infectious disease and cancer. This makes them attractive but challenging targets for therapeutics. Since their initial discovery, research and understanding of DC biology have flourished. We now recognize the presence of multiple subsets of DCs distributed across tissues. Recent studies of phenotype and gene expression at the single cell level have identified heterogeneity even within the same DC type, supporting the idea that DCs have evolved to greatly expand the flexibility of the immune system to react appropriately to a wide range of threats. This review is meant to serve as a quick and robust guide to understand the basic divisions of DC subsets and their role in the immune system. Between mice and humans, there are some differences in how these subsets are identified and function, and we will point out specific distinctions as necessary. Throughout the text, we are using both fundamental and therapeutic lens to describe overlaps and distinctions and what this could mean for future research and therapies.
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Johnson P, Rosendahl N, Radford KJ. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) as cancer therapeutics: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:465-472. [PMID: 34654337 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.1994943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines over three decades has shown them to be a safe therapeutic approach against a range of hematological and solid malignancies. However, underwhelming and inconsistent results from clinical trials have seen them move in and out of favor. The limitations of ex vivo generated monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) in these therapies provide a pointed explanation for the varying and somewhat disappointing clinical outcomes. The identification of a specialized role for the rare conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1) subset in orchestrating tumor immunity via the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses has led to a new concept of targeting cDC1 as a therapeutic option to address the unmet need of enhancing the immune response in cancer patients. AREAS COVERED This article reviews several current challenges and key opportunities associated with the development and use of next generation cDC1 cancer vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Manipulation of cDC1 quantity and quality holds enormous potential to improve tumor immunogenicity, as already demonstrated in preclinical models. New technologies are rapidly advancing the understanding of cDC1 in human cancer patients and facilitating the generation of these extremely rare cells in vitro, providing feasible new approaches toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Johnson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Cord Blood Bank At The Mater, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikita Rosendahl
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Vecchio E, Caiazza C, Mimmi S, Avagliano A, Iaccino E, Brusco T, Nisticò N, Maisano D, Aloisio A, Quinto I, Renna M, Divisato G, Romano S, Tufano M, D’Agostino M, Vigliar E, Iaccarino A, Mignogna C, Andreozzi F, Mannino GC, Spiga R, Stornaiuolo M, Arcucci A, Mallardo M, Fiume G. Metabolites Profiling of Melanoma Interstitial Fluids Reveals Uridine Diphosphate as Potent Immune Modulator Capable of Limiting Tumor Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730726. [PMID: 34604232 PMCID: PMC8486041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) surrounds and perfuses tumors and collects ions, metabolites, proteins, and extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor and stromal cells. Specific metabolites, accumulated within the TIF, could induce metabolic alterations of immune cells and shape the tumor microenvironment. We deployed a metabolomic approach to analyze the composition of melanoma TIF and compared it to the plasma of C57BL6 mice, engrafted or not with B16-melanoma cells. Among the classes of metabolites analyzed, monophosphate and diphosphate nucleotides resulted enriched in TIF compared to plasma samples. The analysis of the effects exerted by guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and uridine diphosphate (UDP) on immune response revealed that GDP and UDP increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3- and, on isolated CD4+ T-cells, induced the phosphorylation of ERK, STAT1, and STAT3; increased the activity of NF-κB subunits p65, p50, RelB, and p52; increased the expression of Th1/Th17 markers including IFNγ, IL17, T-bet, and RORγt; and reduced the expression of IL13, a Th2 marker. Finally, we observed that local administrations of UDP in B16-engrafted C57BL6 mice reduced tumor growth and necrotic areas. In addition, UDP-treated tumors showed a higher presence of MHCIIhi tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs), both markers of anti-tumor immune response. Consistent with this, intra-tumoral gene expression analysis revealed in UDP-treated tumors an increase in the expression of genes functionally linked to anti-tumor immune response. Our analysis revealed an important metabolite acting as mediator of immune response, which could potentially represent an additional tool to be used as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Brusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Divisato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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49
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Pachynski RK, Morishima C, Szmulewitz R, Harshman L, Appleman L, Monk P, Bitting RL, Kucuk O, Millard F, Seigne JD, Fling SP, Maecker HT, Duault C, Ramchurren N, Hess B, D'Amico L, Lacroix A, Kaiser JC, Morre M, Grégoire A, Cheever M, Yu EY, Fong L. IL-7 expands lymphocyte populations and enhances immune responses to sipuleucel-T in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002903. [PMID: 34452927 PMCID: PMC8404457 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sipuleucel-T (sip-T) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved autologous cellular immunotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We hypothesized that combining sip-T with interleukin (IL)-7, a homeostatic cytokine that enhances both B and T cell development and proliferation, would augment and prolong antigen-specific immune responses against both PA2024 (the immunogen for sip-T) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). METHODS Fifty-four patients with mCRPC treated with sip-T were subsequently enrolled and randomized 1:1 into observation (n=26) or IL-7 (n=28) arms of a phase II clinical trial (NCT01881867). Recombinant human (rh) IL-7 (CYT107) was given weekly×4. Immune responses were evaluated using flow cytometry, mass cytometry (CyTOF), interferon (IFN)-γ ELISpot, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and ELISA. RESULTS Treatment with rhIL-7 was well tolerated. For the rhIL-7-treated, but not observation group, statistically significant lymphocyte subset expansion was found, with 2.3-2.6-fold increases in CD4+T, CD8+T, and CD56bright NK cells at week 6 compared with baseline. No significant differences in PA2024 or PAP-specific T cell responses measured by IFN-γ ELISpot assay were found between rhIL-7 and observation groups. However, antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses and humoral IgG and IgG/IgM responses significantly increased over time in the rhIL-7-treated group only. CyTOF analyses revealed pleiotropic effects of rhIL-7 on lymphocyte subsets, including increases in CD137 and intracellular IL-2 and IFN-γ expression. While not powered to detect clinical outcomes, we found that 31% of patients in the rhIL-7 group had prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling times of >6 months, compared with 14% in the observation group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with rhIL-7 led to a significant expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells compared with observation after treatment with sip-T. The rhIL-7 treatment also led to improved antigen-specific humoral and T cell proliferative responses over time as well as to increased expression of activation markers and beneficial cytokines. This is the first study to evaluate the use of rhIL-7 after sip-T in patients with mCRPC and demonstrates encouraging results for combination approaches to augment beneficial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Pachynski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Russell Szmulewitz
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren Harshman
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- *Current affiliation: Surface Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul Monk
- Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - John D Seigne
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Steven P Fling
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Duault
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce Hess
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leonard D'Amico
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Judith C Kaiser
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Cheever
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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50
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Altman MC, Rinchai D, Baldwin N, Toufiq M, Whalen E, Garand M, Syed Ahamed Kabeer B, Alfaki M, Presnell SR, Khaenam P, Ayllón-Benítez A, Mougin F, Thébault P, Chiche L, Jourde-Chiche N, Phillips JT, Klintmalm G, O'Garra A, Berry M, Bloom C, Wilkinson RJ, Graham CM, Lipman M, Lertmemongkolchai G, Bedognetti D, Thiebaut R, Kheradmand F, Mejias A, Ramilo O, Palucka K, Pascual V, Banchereau J, Chaussabel D. Development of a fixed module repertoire for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4385. [PMID: 34282143 PMCID: PMC8289976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As the capacity for generating large-scale molecular profiling data continues to grow, the ability to extract meaningful biological knowledge from it remains a limitation. Here, we describe the development of a new fixed repertoire of transcriptional modules, BloodGen3, that is designed to serve as a stable reusable framework for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome data. The construction of this repertoire is based on co-clustering patterns observed across sixteen immunological and physiological states encompassing 985 blood transcriptome profiles. Interpretation is supported by customized resources, including module-level analysis workflows, fingerprint grid plot visualizations, interactive web applications and an extensive annotation framework comprising functional profiling reports and reference transcriptional profiles. Taken together, this well-characterized and well-supported transcriptional module repertoire can be employed for the interpretation and benchmarking of blood transcriptome profiles within and across patient cohorts. Blood transcriptome fingerprints for the 16 reference cohorts can be accessed interactively via: https://drinchai.shinyapps.io/BloodGen3Module/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Altman
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Nicole Baldwin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Whalen
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott R Presnell
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Ayllón-Benítez
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fleur Mougin
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Laurent Chiche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Européen, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Theodore Phillips
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Goran Klintmalm
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chloe Bloom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Christine M Graham
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Rodolphe Thiebaut
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Baylor College of Medicine & Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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