1
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Jain SS, Burton Sojo G, Sun H, Friedland BN, McNamara ME, Schmidt MO, Wellstein A. The Role of Aging and Senescence in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response and Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7013. [PMID: 39000121 PMCID: PMC11241020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence accumulates with age and has been shown to impact numerous physiological and pathological processes, including immune function. The role of cellular senescence in cancer is multifaceted, but the impact on immune checkpoint inhibitor response and toxicity has not been fully evaluated. In this review, we evaluate the impact of cellular senescence in various biological compartments, including the tumor, the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system, on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and toxicity. We provide an overview of the impact of cellular senescence in normal and pathological contexts and examine recent studies that have connected aging and cellular senescence to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in both the pre-clinical and clinical contexts. Overall, senescence plays a multi-faceted, context-specific role and has been shown to modulate immune-related adverse event incidence as well as immune checkpoint inhibitor response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anton Wellstein
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (S.S.J.)
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2
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Wu S, Ouyang Y, Hu Y, Jiang L, Fu C, Lei L, Zhang Y, Guo H, Huang J, Chen J, Zeng Q. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates skin aging via CD74: Insights from single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110199. [PMID: 38565329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is crucial for regulating signaling and cellular function. However, the precise cellular and molecular changes remain poorly understood in skin aging. Based on single-cell and bulk RNA data, we explored the role of cell-cell ligand-receptor interaction in skin aging. We found that the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/CD74 ligand-receptor complex was significantly upregulatedin aged skin, showing the predominant paracrine effect of keratinocytes on fibroblasts. Enrichment analysis and in vitro experiment revealed a close association of the activation of the MIF/CD74 with inflammatory pathways and immune response. Mechanistically, MIF/CD74 could significantly inhibit PPARγ protein, which thus significantly increased the degree of fibroblast senescence, and significantly up-regulated the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors and FOS gene. Therefore, our study reveals that MIF/CD74 inhibits the activation of the PPAR signaling pathway, subsequently inducing the production of SASP factors and the upregulation of FOS expression, ultimately accelerating fibroblast senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjiang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Department of Dermatology, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
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3
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Zhou H, Ye Z, Gao Z, Xi C, Yin J, Sun Y, Sun B. Construction of a pathological model of skin lesions in acute herpes zoster virus infection and its molecular mechanism. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:296-307. [PMID: 38600211 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a common pathogen with humans as the sole host, causes primary infection and undergoes a latent period in sensory ganglia. The recurrence of VZV is often accompanied by severe neuralgia in skin tissue, which has a serious impact on the life of patients. During the acute infection of VZV, there are few related studies on the pathophysiological mechanism of skin tissue. In this study, transcriptome sequencing data from the acute response period within 2 days of VZV antigen stimulation of the skin were used to explore a model of the trajectory of skin tissue changes during VZV infection. It was found that early VZV antigen stimulation caused activation of mainly natural immune-related signaling pathways, while in the late phase activation of mainly active immune-related signaling pathways. JAK-STAT, NFκB, and TNFα signaling pathways are gradually activated with the progression of infection, while Hypoxia is progressively inhibited. In addition, we found that dendritic cell-mediated immune responses play a dominant role in the lesion damage caused by VZV antigen stimulation of the skin. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular mechanisms of skin lesions during acute VZV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery and Pain Management, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Institute of Computational Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Nanjing, 510006, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery and Pain Management, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chengxi Xi
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery and Pain Management, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinxia Yin
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery and Pain Management, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery and Pain Management, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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4
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Zhang W, Sun HS, Wang X, Dumont AS, Liu Q. Cellular senescence, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation in the aging brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:461-474. [PMID: 38729785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging may lead to low-level chronic inflammation that increases the susceptibility to age-related conditions, including memory impairment and progressive loss of brain volume. As brain health is essential to promoting healthspan and lifespan, it is vital to understand age-related changes in the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) that drive normal brain aging. However, the relative importance, mechanistic interrelationships, and hierarchical order of such changes and their impact on normal brain aging remain to be clarified. Here, we synthesize accumulating evidence that age-related DNA damage and cellular senescence in the immune system and CNS contribute to the escalation of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline during normal brain aging. Targeting cellular senescence and immune modulation may provide a logical rationale for developing new treatment options to restore immune homeostasis and counteract age-related brain dysfunction and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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5
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Poisson J, El-Sissy C, Serret-Larmande A, Smith N, Lebraud M, Augy JL, Conti C, Gonnin C, Planquette B, Arlet JB, Hermann B, Charbit B, Pastre J, Devaux F, Ladavière C, Lim L, Ober P, Cannovas J, Biard L, Gulczynski MC, Blumenthal N, Péré H, Knosp C, Gey A, Benhamouda N, Murris J, Veyer D, Tartour E, Diehl JL, Duffy D, Paillaud E, Granier C. Increased levels of GM-CSF and CXCL10 and low CD8 + memory stem T Cell count are markers of immunosenescence and severe COVID-19 in older people. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:28. [PMID: 38715114 PMCID: PMC11075216 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing leads to altered immune responses, resulting in higher susceptibility to certain infections in the elderly. Immune ageing is a heterogeneous process also associated with inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Altered cytotoxic T cell responses and cytokine storm have previously been described in severe COVID-19 cases, however the parameters responsible for such immune response failures are not well known. The aim of our study was to characterize CD8+ T cells and cytokines associated with ageing, in a cohort of patients aged over 70 years stratified by COVID-19 severity. RESULTS One hundred and four patients were included in the study. We found that, in older people, COVID-19 severity was associated with (i) higher level of GM-CSF, CXCL10 (IP-10), VEGF, IL-1β, CCL2 (MCP-1) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), (ii) increased terminally differentiated CD8+T cells, and (ii) decreased early precursors CD8+ T stem cell-like memory cells (TSCM) and CD27+CD28+. The cytokines mentioned above were found at higher concentrations in the COVID-19+ older cohort compared to a younger cohort in which they were not associated with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the particular importance of the myeloid lineage in COVID-19 severity among older people. As GM-CSF and CXCL10 were not associated with COVID-19 severity in younger patients, they may represent disease severity specific markers of ageing and should be considered in older people care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Poisson
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Carine El-Sissy
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Serret-Larmande
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Lebraud
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Loup Augy
- Medical intensive care unit, Hopital Delafontaine, 2 rue du Dr Delafontaine, Saint-Denis, 93200, France
| | - Catherine Conti
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gonnin
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Planquette
- Service de Pneumologie Et Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Arlet
- Internal Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Bertrand Hermann
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP. Centre Université Paris Cité, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Jean Pastre
- Service de Pneumologie Et Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Devaux
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Cyrielle Ladavière
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Lydie Lim
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Pauline Ober
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Johanna Cannovas
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Biard
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christelle Gulczynski
- Gérontologie 1, GHU AP-HP. Centre Université Paris Cité, Corentin Celton Hospital, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, 92130, France
| | - Noémie Blumenthal
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Virology Laboratory, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP.Centre - Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Gey
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Juliette Murris
- HeKA, Inria Paris, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Virology Laboratory, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP.Centre - Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP. Centre Université Paris Cité, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, 75015, France
- University Paris Cité, Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, INSERM, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elena Paillaud
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil, France.
| | - Clémence Granier
- Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Paris, France.
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6
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Guven DC, Martinez-Cannon BA, Testa GD, Martins JC, Velasco RN, Kalsi T, Gomes F. Immunotherapy use in older adults with cancer with frailty: A young SIOG review paper. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101742. [PMID: 38472009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2024.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became a treatment option in most tumor types and improved survival in patients with cancer in the last decade. Older patients with cancer are underrepresented in the pivotal clinical trials with ICIs. Older patients with cancer often have significant comorbidities and geriatric syndromes like frailty, which can complicate cancer care and treatment decisions. Frailty is among the most prevalent geriatric syndromes in patients with cancer and could lead to inferior survival and a higher risk of complications in patients treated with chemotherapy. However, the effect of frailty on the efficacy and safety of ICIs is understudied. This review focuses on the available evidence regarding the association between frailty and ICI efficacy and safety. Although the survival benefits of ICIs have generally been shown to be independent of age, the available real-world data has generally suggested higher rates of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and treatment discontinuation in older patients. While international organizations recommend conducting a comprehensive geriatric assessment CGA to assess and address frailty before the start of anti-cancer therapies, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or higher is frequently used in clinical practice as synonymous with frailty, albeit with significant limitations. The available data has generally demonstrated diminished ICI efficacy in patients with an ECOG 2 or higher compared to patients with better performance status, while the incidence of high-grade irAEs were similar. Whilst evidence regarding outcomes with ICI in older patients and in those with sub-optimal performance status is growing, there is very limited data specifically evaluating the role of frailty with ICIs. These studies found a shortened overall survival, yet no evidence of a lower response rate to ICIs. These patients experienced more AEs, but they did not necessarily have a higher incidence of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Health Sciences University, Elazig City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey.
| | | | - Giuseppe Dario Testa
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Rogelio N Velasco
- Clinical Trial and Research Division, Philippine Heart Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Tania Kalsi
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fabio Gomes
- Medical Oncology Department, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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7
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Wang B, Han J, Elisseeff JH, Demaria M. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x. [PMID: 38654098 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of terminal growth arrest associated with the upregulation of different cell cycle inhibitors, mainly p16 and p21, structural and metabolic alterations, chronic DNA damage responses, and a hypersecretory state known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is the major mediator of the paracrine effects of senescent cells in their tissue microenvironment and of various local and systemic biological functions. In this Review, we discuss the composition, dynamics and heterogeneity of the SASP as well as the mechanisms underlying its induction and regulation. We describe the various biological properties of the SASP, its beneficial and detrimental effects in different physiological and pathological settings, and its impact on overall health span. Finally, we discuss the use of the SASP as a biomarker and of SASP inhibitors as senomorphic interventions to treat cancer and other age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands.
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8
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Sayegh S, Fantecelle CH, Laphanuwat P, Subramanian P, Rustin MHA, Gomes DCO, Akbar AN, Chambers ES. Vitamin D 3 inhibits p38 MAPK and senescence-associated inflammatory mediator secretion by senescent fibroblasts that impacts immune responses during ageing. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14093. [PMID: 38287646 PMCID: PMC11019144 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 replacement in older insufficient adults significantly improves their antigen-specific varicella zoster virus (VZV) cutaneous immunity. However, the mechanisms involved in this enhancement of cutaneous immunity are not known. Here, we show for the first time that vitamin D3 blocks the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) production by senescent fibroblasts by partially inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of skin biopsies from older subjects after vitamin D3 supplementation shows that vitamin D3 inhibits the same inflammatory pathways in response to saline as the specific p38 inhibitor, losmapimod, which also enhances immunity in the skin of older subjects. Vitamin D3 supplementation therefore may enhance immunity during ageing in part by blocking p38 MAPK signalling and in turn inhibit SASP production from senescent cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel C. O. Gomes
- Núcleo de Doenças InfecciosasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emma S. Chambers
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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9
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Hyun J, Eom J, Im J, Kim YJ, Seo I, Kim SW, Im GB, Kim YH, Lee DH, Park HS, Yun DW, Kim DI, Yoon JK, Um SH, Yang DH, Bhang SH. Fibroblast function recovery through rejuvenation effect of nanovesicles extracted from human adipose-derived stem cells irradiated with red light. J Control Release 2024; 368:453-465. [PMID: 38447812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts (hDFs) are widely employed for skin regeneration and the treatment of various skin disorders, yet research were rarely investigated about restoration of diminished therapeutic efficacy due to cell senescence. The application of stem cell and stem cell-derived materials, exosomes, were drawn attention for the restoration functionality of fibroblasts, but still have limitation for unintended side effect or low yield. To advance, stem cell-derived nanovesicle (NV) have developed for effective therapeutic reagents with high yield and low risk. In this study, we have developed a method using red light irradiated human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) derived NV (R-NVs) for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and rejuvenating hDFs. Through red light irradiation, we were able to significantly increase the content of stemness factors and angiogenic biomolecules in R-NVs. Treatment with these R-NVs was found to enhance the migration ability and leading to rejuvenation of old hDFs to levels similar to those of young hDFs. In subsequent in vivo experiments, the treatment of old hDFs with R-NVs demonstrated a superior skin wound healing effect, surpassing that of young hDFs. In summary, this study successfully induced rejuvenation and leading to increased therapeutic efficacy to R-NVs treated old hDFs previously considered as biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Eom
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwoo Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 4726, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeok Yang
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zhang X, Ng YE, Chini LCS, Heeren AA, White TA, Li H, Huang H, Doolittle ML, Khosla S, LeBrasseur NK. Senescent skeletal muscle fibroadipogenic progenitors recruit and promote M2 polarization of macrophages. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14069. [PMID: 38115574 PMCID: PMC10928562 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells compromise tissue structure and function in older organisms. We recently identified senescent fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) with activated chemokine signaling pathways in the skeletal muscle of old mice, and hypothesized these cells may contribute to the age-associated accumulation of immune cells in skeletal muscle. In this study, through cell-cell communication analysis of skeletal muscle single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we identified unique interactions between senescent FAPs and macrophages, including those mediated by Ccl2 and Spp1. Using mouse primary FAPs in vitro, we verified increased expression of Ccl2 and Spp1 and secretion of their respective proteins in the context of both irradiation- and etoposide-induced senescence. Compared to non-senescent FAPs, the medium of senescent FAPs markedly increased the recruitment of macrophages in an in vitro migration assay, an effect that was mitigated by preincubation with antibodies to either CCL2 or osteopontin (encoded by Spp1). Further studies demonstrated that the secretome of senescent FAPs promotes polarization of macrophages toward an M2 subtype. These data suggest the unique secretome of senescent FAPs may compromise skeletal muscle homeostasis by recruiting and directing the behavior of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yan Er Ng
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Lucas C. S. Chini
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Amanda A. Heeren
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Thomas A. White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Madison L. Doolittle
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Nathan K. LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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11
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Qu A, Chen Q, Sun M, Xu L, Hao C, Xu C, Kuang H. Sensitive and Selective Dual-Mode Responses to Reactive Oxygen Species by Chiral Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles for Antiaging Skin. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308469. [PMID: 37766572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative stress and oxidative damage, which is one of the important factors for aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, real-time monitoring and the moderate elimination of ROS is extremely important. In this study, a ROS-responsive circular dichroic (CD) at 553 nm and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dual-signals chiral manganese oxide (MnO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) are designed and synthesized. Both the CD and MRI signals show excellent linear ranges for intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) concentrations, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.0027 nmol/106 cells and 0.016 nmol/106 cells, respectively. The lower LOD achieved with CD detection may be attributable to its higher anti-interference capability from the intracellular matrix. Importantly, ROS-induced cell aging is intervened by chiral MnO2 NPs via redox reactions with excessive intracellular ROS. In vivo experiments confirm that chiral MnO2 NPs effectively eliminate ROS in skin tissue, reduce oxidative stress levels, and alleviate skin aging. This approach provides a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Qu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Liguang Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Changlong Hao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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12
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Alsalem M, Ellaithy A, Bloukh S, Haddad M, Saleh T. Targeting therapy-induced senescence as a novel strategy to combat chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:85. [PMID: 38177894 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a treatment-limiting adverse effect of anticancer therapy that complicates the lifestyle of many cancer survivors. There is currently no gold-standard for the assessment or management of CIPN. Subsequently, understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development of CIPN is essential for finding better pharmacological therapy. Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a form of senescence that is triggered in malignant and non-malignant cells in response to the exposure to chemotherapy. Recent evidence has also suggested that TIS develops in the dorsal root ganglia of rodent models of CIPN. Interestingly, several components of the senescent phenotype are commensurate with the currently established primary processes implicated in the pathogenesis of CIPN including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this article, we review the literature that supports the hypothesis that TIS could serve as a holistic mechanism leading to CIPN, and we propose the potential for investigating senotherapeutics as means to mitigate CIPN in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alsalem
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Amr Ellaithy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
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13
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Cadwallader L, Haldar K, Kirk R, Mabbott NA, Malim MH. Open Science at PLOS Pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011776. [PMID: 38033157 PMCID: PMC10688847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasturi Haldar
- Editor-in-Chief, PLOS Pathogens, PLOS, United Kingdom
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Neil A. Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Malim
- Editor-in-Chief, PLOS Pathogens, PLOS, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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O'Meara TR, Nanishi E, McGrath ME, Barman S, Dong D, Dillen C, Menon M, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Ernst RK, Levy O, Frieman MB, Dowling DJ. Reduced SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity and protection in mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1107-1120.e6. [PMID: 37595760 PMCID: PMC10841117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes from infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019. These conditions are also associated with distinct responses to immunization, including an impaired response to widely used severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish a connection between reduced immunization efficacy via modeling the effects of metabolic diseases on vaccine immunogenicity that is essential for the development of more effective vaccines for this distinct vulnerable population. METHODS A murine model of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance was used to model the effects of comorbid T2DM and obesity on vaccine immunogenicity and protection. RESULTS Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance. Relative to mice fed a normal diet, HFD mice vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine exhibited significantly lower anti-spike IgG titers, predominantly in the IgG2c subclass, associated with a lower type 1 response, along with a 3.83-fold decrease in neutralizing titers. Furthermore, enhanced vaccine-induced spike-specific CD8+ T-cell activation and protection from lung infection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge were seen only in mice fed a normal diet but not in HFD mice. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated impaired immunity following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA immunization in a murine model of comorbid T2DM and obesity, supporting the need for further research into the basis for impaired anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in T2DM and investigation of novel approaches to enhance vaccine immunogenicity among those with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R O'Meara
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Danica Dong
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Manisha Menon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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15
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Hopkin SJ, Pezhman L, Begum J, Kavanagh D, McGettrick HM, Iqbal AJ, Chimen M. Aging modulates homeostatic leukocyte trafficking to the peritoneal cavity in a sex-specific manner. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:301-314. [PMID: 37309034 PMCID: PMC10533226 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with exacerbated systemic inflammation (inflammaging) and the progressive loss of immune system function (immunosenescence). Leukocyte migration is necessary for effective immunity; however, dysregulated trafficking of leukocytes into tissue contributes to inflammaging and the development of age-related inflammatory diseases. Aging modulates leukocyte trafficking under inflammatory conditions; however, whether aging modulates leukocyte trafficking under homeostatic conditions remains to be elucidated. Although immune responses are evidently sexually dimorphic, limited studies have investigated the effect of sex on age-related changes to leukocyte trafficking processes. Here, we investigated age-related and sex-specific changes to the leukocyte populations within the peritoneal cavity of young (3-mo), middle-aged (18-mo) and old (21-mo) male and female wild-type mice in the steady state. We found an age-related increase in the number of leukocytes within the peritoneal cavity of female mice, predominantly B cells, which may reflect increased trafficking through this tissue with age. This was accompanied by an increased inflammatory environment within the aged cavity, including increased levels of chemoattractants, including B cell chemoattractants CXCL13 and CCL21, soluble adhesion molecules, and proinflammatory cytokines, which was more pronounced in aged female mice. Intravital microscopy techniques revealed altered vascular structure and increased vascular permeability within the peritoneal membrane of aged female mice, which may support increased leukocyte trafficking to the cavity with age. Together, these data indicate that aging affects homeostatic leukocyte trafficking processes in a sex-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Hopkin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Laleh Pezhman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jenefa Begum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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16
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Kell L, Simon AK, Alsaleh G, Cox LS. The central role of DNA damage in immunosenescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1202152. [PMID: 37465119 PMCID: PMC10351018 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1202152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the biggest risk factor for the development of multiple chronic diseases as well as increased infection susceptibility and severity of diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. This increased disease risk is linked to changes in immune function during ageing termed immunosenescence. Age-related loss of immune function, particularly in adaptive responses against pathogens and immunosurveillance against cancer, is accompanied by a paradoxical gain of function of some aspects of immunity such as elevated inflammation and increased incidence of autoimmunity. Of the many factors that contribute to immunosenescence, DNA damage is emerging as a key candidate. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the hypothesis that DNA damage may be a central driver of immunosenescence through senescence of both immune cells and cells of non-haematopoietic lineages. We explore why DNA damage accumulates during ageing in a major cell type, T cells, and how this may drive age-related immune dysfunction. We further propose that existing immunosenescence interventions may act, at least in part, by mitigating DNA damage and restoring DNA repair processes (which we term "genoprotection"). As such, we propose additional treatments on the basis of their evidence for genoprotection, and further suggest that this approach may provide a viable therapeutic strategy for improving immunity in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Kell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne S. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Laphanuwat P, Gomes DCO, Akbar AN. Senescent T cells: Beneficial and detrimental roles. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:160-175. [PMID: 37098109 PMCID: PMC10952287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
As the thymus involutes during aging, the T-cell pool has to be maintained by the periodic expansion of preexisting T cells during adulthood. A conundrum is that repeated episodes of activation and proliferation drive the differentiation of T cells toward replicative senescence, due to telomere erosion. This review discusses mechanisms that regulate the end-stage differentiation (senescence) of T cells. Although these cells, within both CD4 and CD8 compartments, lose proliferative activity after antigen-specific challenge, they acquire innate-like immune function. While this may confer broad immune protection during aging, these senescent T cells may also cause immunopathology, especially in the context of excessive inflammation in tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatthamon Laphanuwat
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Daniel Claudio Oliveira Gomes
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Núcleo de Doenças InfecciosasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
- Núcleo de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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18
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Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Bauer R, Zarogiannis SG, Lajqi E, Ajeti V, Dietz S, Kranig SA, Rühle J, Demaj A, Hebel J, Bartosova M, Frommhold D, Hudalla H, Gille C. Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030766. [PMID: 36979747 PMCID: PMC10045728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has been challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate immune cells are capable of exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness to subsequent challenges, a process known as trained immunity (known also as innate memory). In contrast, the refractory state of endotoxin tolerance has been defined as an immunosuppressive state of myeloid cells portrayed by a significant reduction in the inflammatory capacity. Both training as well tolerance as adaptive features are reported to be accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in cells. While training conveys proper protection against secondary infections, the induction of endotoxin tolerance promotes repairing mechanisms in the cells. Consequently, the inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting an increased susceptibility to secondary infections—tolerance, or contribute to the progression of the inflammatory disorder—trained immunity. This review aims at the discussion of these opposing manners of innate immune and non-immune cells, describing the molecular, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved and interpreting the clinical implications in various inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Esra Lajqi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valdrina Ajeti
- Department of Pharmacy, Alma Mater Europaea—Campus College Rezonanca, XK-10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon A. Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ardian Demaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tetovo, MK-1200 Tetova, North Macedonia
| | - Janine Hebel
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
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19
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Islam MT, Tuday E, Allen S, Kim J, Trott DW, Holland WL, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. Senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, attenuate adipose tissue inflammation, and ameliorate metabolic function in old age. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13767. [PMID: 36637079 PMCID: PMC9924942 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results in an elevated burden of senescent cells, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and tissue infiltration of immune cells contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation and a host of age-related diseases. Recent evidence suggests that the clearance of senescent cells alleviates chronic inflammation and its associated dysfunction and diseases. However, the effect of this intervention on metabolic function in old age remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that dasatinib and quercetin (D&Q) have senolytic effects, reducing age-related increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase, expression of p16 and p21 gene and P16 protein in perigonadal white adipose tissue (pgWAT; all p ≤ 0.04). This treatment also suppressed age-related increase in the expression of a subset of pro-inflammatory SASP genes (mcp1, tnf-α, il-1α, il-1β, il-6, cxcl2, and cxcl10), crown-like structures, abundance of T cells and macrophages in pgWAT (all p ≤ 0.04). In the liver and skeletal muscle, we did not find a robust effect of D&Q on senescence and inflammatory SASP markers. Although we did not observe an age-related difference in glucose tolerance, D&Q treatment improved fasting blood glucose (p = 0.001) and glucose tolerance (p = 0.007) in old mice that was concomitant with lower hepatic gluconeogenesis. Additionally, D&Q improved insulin-stimulated suppression of plasma NEFAs (p = 0.01), reduced fed and fasted plasma triglycerides (both p ≤ 0.04), and improved systemic lipid tolerance (p = 0.006). Collectively, results from this study suggest that D&Q attenuates adipose tissue inflammation and improves systemic metabolic function in old age. These findings have implications for the development of therapeutic agents to combat metabolic dysfunction and diseases in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Eric Tuday
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran's Affairs Medical Center‐Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineThe University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Shanena Allen
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran's Affairs Medical Center‐Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - John Kim
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran's Affairs Medical Center‐Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Daniel W. Trott
- Department of KinesiologyThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran's Affairs Medical Center‐Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal MedicineThe University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of BiochemistryThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeteran's Affairs Medical Center‐Salt Lake CitySalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal MedicineThe University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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20
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Davies EL, Noor M, Lim EY, Houldcroft CJ, Okecha G, Atkinson C, Reeves MB, Jackson SE, Wills MR. HCMV carriage in the elderly diminishes anti-viral functionality of the adaptive immune response resulting in virus replication at peripheral sites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1083230. [PMID: 36591233 PMCID: PMC9797693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and periodic reactivation is, generally, well controlled by adaptative immune responses in the healthy. In older people, overt HCMV disease is rarely seen despite the association of HCMV with increased risk of mortality; evidence from studies of unwell aged populations suggest that HCMV seropositivity is an important co-morbidity factor. HCMV genomes have been detected in urine from older donors, suggesting that the immune response prevents systemic disease but possibly immunomodulation due to lifelong viral carriage may alter its efficacy at peripheral tissue sites. Previously we have demonstrated that there were no age-related expansions of T cell responses to HCMV or increase in latent viral carriage with age and these T cells produced anti-viral cytokines and viremia was very rarely detected. To investigate the efficacy of anti-HCMV responses with increasing age, we used an in vitro Viral Dissemination Assay (VDA) using autologous dermal fibroblasts to determine the anti-viral effector capacity of total PBMC, as well as important subsets (T cells, NK cells). In parallel we assessed components of the humoral response (antibody neutralization) and combined this with qPCR detection of HCMV in blood, saliva and urine in a cohort of young and old donors. Consistent with previous studies, we again show HCMV specific cIL-10, IFNγ and TNFα T cell responses to peptides did not show an age-related defect. However, assessment of direct anti-viral cellular and antibody-mediated adaptive immune responses using the VDA shows that older donors are significantly less able to control viral dissemination in an in vitro assay compared to young donors. Corroborating this observation, we detected viral genomes in saliva samples only from older donors, these donors had a defect in cellular control of viral spread in our in vitro assay. Phenotyping of fibroblasts used in this study shows expression of a number of checkpoint inhibitor ligands which may contribute to the defects observed. The potential to therapeutically intervene in checkpoint inhibitor pathways to prevent HCMV reactivation in the unwell aged is an exciting avenue to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Davies
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mahlaqua Noor
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Y. Lim
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J. Houldcroft
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Okecha
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Atkinson
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B. Reeves
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Wills
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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O’Meara TR, Nanishi E, McGrath ME, Barman S, Dong D, Dillen C, Menon M, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Ernst RK, Levy O, Frieman MB, Dowling DJ. Reduced SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity and protection in mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.12.07.519460. [PMID: 36523401 PMCID: PMC9753785 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.07.519460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes from infectious diseases, including COVID-19. These conditions are also associated with distinct responses to immunization, including an impaired response to widely used SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Objective To establish a connection between reduced immunization efficacy via modeling the effects of metabolic diseases on vaccine immunogenicity that is essential for the development of more effective vaccines for this distinct vulnerable population. Methods We utilized a murine model of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance to model the effects of comorbid T2DM and obesity on vaccine immunogenicity and protection. Results Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance. Relative to mice fed a normal diet (ND), HFD mice vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine exhibited significantly lower anti-spike IgG titers, predominantly in the IgG2c subclass, associated with a lower type 1 response, along with a 3.83-fold decrease in neutralizing titers. Furthermore, enhanced vaccine-induced spike-specific CD8 + T cell activation and protection from lung infection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge were seen only in ND mice but not in HFD mice. Conclusion We demonstrate impaired immunity following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA immunization in a murine model of comorbid T2DM and obesity, supporting the need for further research into the basis for impaired anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in T2DM and investigation of novel approaches to enhance vaccine immunogenicity among those with metabolic diseases. Capsule summary Obesity and type 2 diabetes impair SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine efficacy in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. O’Meara
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Marisa E. McGrath
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Danica Dong
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Carly Dillen
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Manisha Menon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
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22
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Fielding RA, Atkinson EJ, Aversa Z, White TA, Heeren AA, Achenbach SJ, Mielke MM, Cummings SR, Pahor M, Leeuwenburgh C, LeBrasseur NK. Associations between biomarkers of cellular senescence and physical function in humans: observations from the lifestyle interventions for elders (LIFE) study. GeroScience 2022; 44:2757-2770. [PMID: 36367600 PMCID: PMC9768064 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a plausible mediator of age-associated declines in physical performance. To test this premise, we examined cross-sectional associations between circulating components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and measures of physical function and muscle strength in 1377 older adults. We showed significant associations between multiple SASP proteins and the short physical performance battery (SPPB), its subcomponents (gait speed, balance, chair rise time), and 400-m walk time. Activin A, ICAM1, MMP7, VEGFA, and eotaxin showed strong associations based on gradient boost machine learning (GBM), and, when combined with other proteins, effectively identified participants at the greatest risk for mobility disability (SPPB score [Formula: see text] 7). Senescence biomarkers were also associated with lower grip strength, and GBM identified PARC, ADAMTS13, and RANTES as top candidates in females, and MMP2, SOST, and MCP1 in males. These findings highlight an association between senescence biomarkers and physical performance in older adults. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01072500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zaira Aversa
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas A White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amanda A Heeren
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marco Pahor
- Institute On Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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23
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Marrella V, Facoetti A, Cassani B. Cellular Senescence in Immunity against Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911845. [PMID: 36233146 PMCID: PMC9570409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to different triggers and an inflammatory secretome. Although originally described in fibroblasts and cell types of solid organs, cellular senescence affects most tissues with advancing age, including the lymphoid tissue, causing chronic inflammation and dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune functions. Besides its normal occurrence, persistent microbial challenge or pathogenic microorganisms might also accelerate the activation of cellular aging, inducing the premature senescence of immune cells. Therapeutic strategies counteracting the detrimental effects of cellular senescence are being developed. Their application to target immune cells might have the potential to improve immune dysfunctions during aging and reduce the age-dependent susceptibility to infections. In this review, we discuss how immune senescence influences the host’s ability to resolve more common infections in the elderly and detail the different markers proposed to identify such senescent cells; the mechanisms by which infectious agents increase the extent of immune senescence are also reviewed. Finally, available senescence therapeutics are discussed in the context of their effects on immunity and against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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24
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Ao Z, Song S, Tian C, Cai H, Li X, Miao Y, Wu Z, Krzesniak J, Ning B, Gu M, Lee LP, Guo F. Understanding Immune-Driven Brain Aging by Human Brain Organoid Microphysiological Analysis Platform. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200475. [PMID: 35908805 PMCID: PMC9507385 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the immune system drives systemic aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. However, a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding immune-driven aging, especially in brain aging, due to the limited current in vitro models of neuroimmune interaction. Here, the authors report the development of a human brain organoid microphysiological analysis platform (MAP) to discover the dynamic process of immune-driven brain aging. The organoid MAP is created by 3D printing that confines organoid growth and facilitates cell and nutrition perfusion, promoting organoid maturation and their committment to forebrain identity. Dynamic rocking flow is incorporated into the platform that allows to perfuse primary monocytes from young (20 to 30-year-old) and aged (>60-year-old) donors and culture human cortical organoids to model neuroimmune interaction. The authors find that the aged monocytes increase infiltration and promote the expression of aging-related markers (e.g., higher expression of p16) within the human cortical organoids, indicating that aged monocytes may drive brain aging. The authors believe that the organoid MAP may provide promising solutions for basic research and translational applications in aging, neural immunological diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Sunghwa Song
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Yifei Miao
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM)Division of Pulmonary BiologyDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- University of Cincinnati School of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Jonathan Krzesniak
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular DiagnosticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM)Division of Pulmonary BiologyDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- University of Cincinnati School of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Harvard Institute of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Department of BioengineeringDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419South Korea
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
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25
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Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Garnica M, Accardi G, Calabrò A, Pojero F, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Kochan G, Zareian N, Farzaneh F, Escors D, Caruso C, Candore G. How Can We Improve Vaccination Response in Old People? Part I: Targeting Immunosenescence of Innate Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179880. [PMID: 36077278 PMCID: PMC9456428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination, being able to prevent millions of cases of infectious diseases around the world every year, is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced. However, immunosenescence makes vaccines less effective in providing protection to older people. Although most studies explain that this is mainly due to the immunosenescence of T and B cells, the immunosenescence of innate immunity can also be a significant contributing factor. Alterations in function, number, subset, and distribution of blood neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer and dendritic cells are detected in aging, thus potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines in older individuals. In this paper, we focus on the immunosenescence of the innate blood immune cells. We discuss possible strategies to counteract the immunosenescence of innate immunity in order to improve the response to vaccination. In particular, we focus on advances in understanding the role and the development of new adjuvants, such as TLR agonists, considered a promising strategy to increase vaccination efficiency in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.P.-H.); (C.C.)
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.-H.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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26
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Cellular senescence in neuroinflammatory disease: new therapies for old cells? Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:850-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Aiello A, Candore G. An immunologist's guide to immunosenescence and its treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:961-981. [PMID: 35876758 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The ageing process causes several changes in the immune system, although immune ageing is strongly influenced by individual immunological history, as well as genetic and environmental factors leading to inter-individual variability. AREAS COVERED : Here, we focused on the biological and clinical meaning of immunosenescence. Data on SARS-CoV-2 and Yellow Fever vaccine have demonstrated the clinical relevance of immunosenescence, while inconsistent results, obtained from longitudinal studies aimed at looking for immune risk phenotypes, have revealed that the immunosenescence process is highly context-dependent. Large projects have allowed the delineation of the drivers of immune system variance, including genetic and environmental factors, sex, smoking, and co-habitation. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the interventions that can be envisaged to maintain or improve immune function in older people. That suggests that drug treatment of immunosenescence should require personalized intervention. Regarding this, we discussed the role of changes in lifestyle as a potential therapeutic approach. EXPERT OPINION : Our review points out that age is only part of the problem of immunosenescence. Everyone ages differently because he/she is unique in genetics and experience of life and this applies even more to the immune system (immunobiography). Finally, the present review shows how appreciable results in the modification of immunosenescence biomarkers can be achieved with lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Caruso
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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28
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Walker KA, Basisty N, Wilson DM, Ferrucci L. Connecting aging biology and inflammation in the omics era. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158448. [PMID: 35838044 PMCID: PMC9282936 DOI: 10.1172/jci158448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage to macromolecules and cell architecture that triggers a proinflammatory state in blood and solid tissues, termed inflammaging. Inflammaging has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-associated chronic diseases as well as loss of physical and cognitive function. The search for mechanisms that underlie inflammaging focused initially on the hallmarks of aging, but it is rapidly expanding in multiple directions. Here, we discuss the threads connecting cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction to impaired mitophagy and DNA damage, which may act as a hub for inflammaging. We explore the emerging multi-omics efforts that aspire to define the complexity of inflammaging - and identify molecular signatures and novel targets for interventions aimed at counteracting excessive inflammation and its deleterious consequences while preserving the physiological immune response. Finally, we review the emerging evidence that inflammation is involved in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Our goal is to broaden the research agenda for inflammaging with an eye on new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan A Walker
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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29
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Rodriguez JE, Naigeon M, Goldschmidt V, Roulleaux Dugage M, Seknazi L, Danlos FX, Champiat S, Marabelle A, Michot JM, Massard C, Besse B, Ferrara R, Chaput N, Baldini C. Immunosenescence, inflammaging, and cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:915-926. [PMID: 35815381 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2098718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosenescence is a progressive remodeling of immune functions associated with a decreased ability of the immune system to set up an efficient immune response, both innate and adaptive, with an increase of highly differentiated T cells at the expense of naive T cells. The incidence and prevalence of most cancers increase with age, which can partly be explained by tumor escape mechanisms and decreased immunosurveillance. Aging is also associated with inflammaging, a low-grade proinflammatory state characterized by an increase in inflammatory mediators. Anti-cancer immunotherapy has profoundly changed the landscape of oncology therapy in the last 10 years. Modern T-cell targeted therapies such as bispecific T cell engagers, CAR-T cells, or immune checkpoint blockers may be theoretically affected by immunosenescence or inflammaging. AREAS COVERED A bibliographic review through PubMed and Embase was carried out using the following search terms: 'immunosenescence,' 'immunotherapy,' 'inflammaging,' 'bispecific antibodies,' 'CAR-T cells,' 'immune checkpoint blockers,' and 'older patients.' EXPERT OPINION This review explores the potential impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging on anti-cancer immunotherapy and therapeutic strategies that could counter immune senescence. A more dedicated research on immunosenescence biomarkers in future clinical trials is warranted for the development of new, more effective and safer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta E Rodriguez
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,School of Medicine, Paris-Saclay university, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,School of Pharmacy, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay, France
| | - Vincent Goldschmidt
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lauren Seknazi
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Francois X Danlos
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephane Champiat
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Marie Michot
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- School of Medicine, Paris-Saclay university, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,School of Pharmacy, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay, France
| | - Capucine Baldini
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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30
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Dube CT, Ong YHB, Wemyss K, Krishnan S, Tan TJ, Janela B, Grainger JR, Ronshaugen M, Mace KA, Lim CY. Age-Related Alterations in Macrophage Distribution and Function Are Associated With Delayed Cutaneous Wound Healing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943159. [PMID: 35874681 PMCID: PMC9304927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing-related delays and dysregulated inflammation in wound healing are well-documented in both human and animal models. However, cellular and molecular changes underlying this impairment in healing progression are not fully understood. In this study, we characterised ageing-associated changes to macrophages in wounds of young and aged mice and investigated transcriptomic differences that may impact the progression of wound healing. Full-thickness wounds created on the dorsum of C57BL/6J young and aged mice were excised on Days 3 and 7 post-wounding for analysis by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and RNA sequencing. Our data revealed that macrophages were significantly reduced in aged wounds in comparison to young. Functional transcriptomic analyses showed that macrophages from aged wounds exhibited significantly reduced expression of cell cycle, DNA replication, and repair pathway genes. Furthermore, we uncovered an elevated pro-inflammatory gene expression program in the aged macrophages correlated with poor inflammation resolution and excessive tissue damage observed in aged wounds. Altogether, our work provides insights into how poorly healing aged wounds are phenotypically defined by the presence of macrophages with reduced proliferative capacity and an exacerbated inflammatory response, both of which are pathways that can be targeted to improve healing in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christabel Thembela Dube
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, ASTAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasmin Hui Binn Ong
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, ASTAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tiak Ju Tan
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, ASTAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baptiste Janela
- Skin Immunology Laboratory, ASTAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Immuno-Monitoring Platform , Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John R. Grainger
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ronshaugen
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly A. Mace
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Chin Yan Lim, ; Kimberly A. Mace,
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, ASTAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Chin Yan Lim, ; Kimberly A. Mace,
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31
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Kawamoto S, Matsumoto T, Takasugi M, Hara E. The 6th international cell senescence association conference. Genes Cells 2022; 27:517-525. [PMID: 35726163 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 6th conference of the international cell senescence association (ICSA) on the theme of "A New Era of Senescence Research: The Challenge of Controlling Aging and Cancer" was held on December 12-15, 2021 in Osaka, Japan as a Hybrid Meeting. The conference brought together basic and translational scientists to discuss recent developments in the field of cellular senescence research. In recent years, the study of cellular senescence has become a very hot field of research. It is clear that the ICSA, founded in 2015, has played an important role in this process. The 6th ICSA conference has provided another opportunity for exchanges and new connections between basic and translational scientists. The scientific program consisted of keynote lectures, invited talks, short talks selected from abstracts, a poster session, and luncheon seminars sponsored by the Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine. In the Meet the Editor session, Dr Christoph Schmitt, Editor-in-Chief of Nature Metabolism, gave a short presentation about the journal and answered questions from the audience. Being a hybrid meeting, there was only so much that could be done, but we hope that the meeting was fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Kawamoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomonori Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaki Takasugi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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32
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Seicol BJ, Lin S, Xie R. Age-Related Hearing Loss Is Accompanied by Chronic Inflammation in the Cochlea and the Cochlear Nucleus. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:846804. [PMID: 35418849 PMCID: PMC8995794 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.846804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a major hearing impairment characterized by pathological changes in both the peripheral and central auditory systems. Low-grade inflammation was observed in the cochlea of deceased human subjects with ARHL and animal models of early onset ARHL, which suggests that inflammation contributes to the development of ARHL. However, it remains elusive how chronic inflammation progresses during normal aging in the cochlea, and especially the accompanying changes of neuroinflammation in the central auditory system. To address this, we investigated chronic inflammation in both the cochlea and the cochlear nucleus (CN) of CBA/CaJ mice, an inbred mouse strain that undergoes normal aging and develops human, like-late-onset ARHL. Using immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and quantitative image processing, we measured the accumulation and activation of macrophages in the cochlea and microglia in the CN using their shared markers: ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and CD68—a marker of phagocytic activity. We found progressive increases in the area covered by Iba1-labeled macrophages and enhanced CD68 staining in the osseous spiral lamina of the cochlea that correlated with elevated ABR threshold across the lifespan. During the process, we further identified significant increases in microglial activation and C1q deposition in the CN, indicating increased neuroinflammation and complement activation in the central auditory system. Our study suggests that during normal aging, chronic inflammation occurs in both the peripheral and the central auditory system, which may contribute in coordination to the development of ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Seicol
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shengyin Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruili Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Ruili Xie
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33
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Monocytes in HIV and SIV Infection and Aging: Implications for Inflamm-Aging and Accelerated Aging. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020409. [PMID: 35216002 PMCID: PMC8880456 DOI: 10.3390/v14020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, people living with HIV (PLWH) experienced complications due to AIDS more so than aging. With ART and the extended lifespan of PLWH, HIV comorbidities also include aging—most likely due to accelerated aging—as well as a cardiovascular, neurocognitive disorders, lung and kidney disease, and malignancies. The broad evidence suggests that HIV with ART is associated with accentuated aging, and that the age-related comorbidities occur earlier, due in part to chronic immune activation, co-infections, and possibly the effects of ART alone. Normally the immune system undergoes alterations of lymphocyte and monocyte populations with aging, that include diminished naïve T- and B-lymphocyte numbers, a reliance on memory lymphocytes, and a skewed production of myeloid cells leading to age-related inflammation, termed “inflamm-aging”. Specifically, absolute numbers and relative proportions of monocytes and monocyte subpopulations are skewed with age along with myeloid mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, an increase in biomarkers of myeloid activation (IL-6, sCD14, and sCD163) occurs with chronic HIV infection and with age, and may contribute to immunosenescence. Chronic HIV infection accelerates aging; meanwhile, ART treatment may slow age-related acceleration, but is not sufficient to stop aging or age-related comorbidities. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind accentuated aging with HIV and the effects of myeloid activation and turnover is needed for future therapies.
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34
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Smith PL, Piadel K, Dalgleish AG. Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1392. [PMID: 34960140 PMCID: PMC8708201 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy revolutionised the treatment of cancer, a result of decades of research into the immune system in health and disease. However, despite recent breakthroughs in treating otherwise terminal cancer, only a minority of patients respond to cancer immunotherapy and some cancers are largely refractive to immunotherapy treatment. This is due to numerous issues intrinsic to the tumour, its microenvironment, or the immune system. CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T-cells emerged as the primary effector cells of the anti-tumour immune response but their function in cancer patients is often compromised. This review details the mechanisms by which T-cell responses are hindered in the setting of cancer and refractive to immunotherapy, and details many of the approaches under investigation to direct T-cell function and improve the efficacy of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lawrence Smith
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (K.P.); (A.G.D.)
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Csekes E, Račková L. Skin Aging, Cellular Senescence and Natural Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12641. [PMID: 34884444 PMCID: PMC8657738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, being the barrier organ of the body, is constitutively exposed to various stimuli impacting its morphology and function. Senescent cells have been found to accumulate with age and may contribute to age-related skin changes and pathologies. Natural polyphenols exert many health benefits, including ameliorative effects on skin aging. By affecting molecular pathways of senescence, polyphenols are able to prevent or delay the senescence formation and, consequently, avoid or ameliorate aging and age-associated pathologies of the skin. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge in skin aging and cellular senescence, and to summarize the recent in vitro studies related to the anti-senescent mechanisms of natural polyphenols carried out on keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Aged skin in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Csekes
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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36
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Hill DL, Whyte CE, Innocentin S, Lee JL, Dooley J, Wang J, James EA, Lee JC, Kwok WW, Zand MS, Liston A, Carr EJ, Linterman MA. Impaired HA-specific T follicular helper cell and antibody responses to influenza vaccination are linked to inflammation in humans. eLife 2021; 10:e70554. [PMID: 34726156 PMCID: PMC8562996 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody production following vaccination can provide protective immunity to subsequent infection by pathogens such as influenza viruses. However, circumstances where antibody formation is impaired after vaccination, such as in older people, require us to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin successful vaccination in order to improve vaccine design for at-risk groups. Here, by studying the breadth of anti-haemagglutinin (HA) IgG, serum cytokines, and B and T cell responses by flow cytometry before and after influenza vaccination, we show that formation of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells was associated with high-titre antibody responses. Using Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) class II tetramers, we demonstrate that HA-specific cTfh cells can derive from pre-existing memory CD4+ T cells and have a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. In older people, the differentiation of HA-specific cells into cTfh cells was impaired. This age-dependent defect in cTfh cell formation was not due to a contraction of the TCR repertoire, but rather was linked with an increased inflammatory gene signature in cTfh cells. Together, this suggests that strategies that temporarily dampen inflammation at the time of vaccination may be a viable strategy to boost optimal antibody generation upon immunisation of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika L Hill
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Carly E Whyte
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Silvia Innocentin
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jia Le Lee
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - James Dooley
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jiong Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Eddie A James
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Translational Research Program and Tetramer Core LaboratorySeattleUnited States
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - William W Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Diabetes ProgramSeattleUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Martin S Zand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Adrian Liston
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward J Carr
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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37
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Borgoni S, Kudryashova KS, Burka K, de Magalhães JP. Targeting immune dysfunction in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101410. [PMID: 34280555 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects numerous organ systems and cellular processes, with the immune system being one of the most dysregulated. Immunosenescence, the gradual deterioration of the immune system, and inflammaging, a chronic inflammatory state that persists in the elderly, are among the plethora of immune changes that occur during aging. Almost all populations of immune cells change with age in terms of numbers and/or activity. These alterations are in general highly detrimental, resulting in an increased susceptibility to infections, reduced healing abilities, and altered homeostasis that promote the emergence of age-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and other diseases associated with inflammation. Thanks to recent developments, several strategies have been proposed to target central immunological processes or specific immune subpopulations affected by aging. These therapeutic approaches could soon be applied in the clinic to slow down or even reverse specific age-induced immune changes in order to rejuvenate the immune system and prevent or reduce the impact of various diseases. Due to its systemic nature and interconnection with all the other systems in the body, the immune system is an attractive target for aging intervention because relatively targeted modifications to a small set of cells have the potential to improve the health of multiple organ systems. Therefore, anti-aging immune targeting therapies could represent a potent approach for improving healthspan. Here, we review aging changes in the major components of the immune system, we summarize the current immune-targeting therapeutic approaches in the context of aging and discuss the future directions in the field of immune rejuvenation.
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38
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Budamagunta V, Manohar-Sindhu S, Yang Y, He Y, Traktuev DO, Foster TC, Zhou D. Senescence-associated hyper-activation to inflammatory stimuli in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19088-19107. [PMID: 34375950 PMCID: PMC8386536 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased susceptibility to adverse inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and cytokine storm. We hypothesized that senescent cells (SnCs) play a central role in this age-associated pathology in part due to their expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which may prime SnCs to inflammatory stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at the levels of gene transcription and protein production in various SnCs in vitro in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1β (IL1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) stimulation. We found that SnCs not only expressed higher basal levels of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as a manifestation of the SASP, but more importantly exhibited hyper-activation of the induction of a variety of inflammatory mediators in response to LPS, IL1β and TNFα stimulation as compared with non-SnCs. This senescence-associated hyper-activation is likely mediated in part via the p38MAPK (p38) and NFκB pathways because LPS stimulation elicited significantly higher levels of p38 phosphorylation and NFκB p65 nuclear translation in SnCs when compared to their non-senescent counterparts and inhibition of these pathways with losmapimod (a p38 specific inhibitor) and BMS-345541 (a selective NFκB inhibitor) attenuated LPS-induced expression of IL6, TNFα, CCL5, and IL1β mRNA in SnCs. These findings suggest that SnCs may play an important role in the age-related increases in the susceptibility to developing an exacerbated inflammatory response and highlight the potential to use senotherapeutics to ameliorate the severity of various devastating inflammatory conditions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Budamagunta
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sahana Manohar-Sindhu
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yonghan He
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dmitry O. Traktuev
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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39
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Pils V, Terlecki-Zaniewicz L, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Lämmermann I. The role of lipid-based signalling in wound healing and senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111527. [PMID: 34174292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based signalling modulates several cellular processes and intercellular communication during wound healing and tissue regeneration. Bioactive lipids include but are not limited to the diverse group of eicosanoids, phospholipids, and extracellular vesicles and mediate the attraction of immune cells, initiation of inflammatory responses, and their resolution. In aged individuals, wound healing and tissue regeneration are greatly impaired, resulting in a delayed healing process and non-healing wounds. Senescent cells accumulate with age in vivo, preferably at sites implicated in age-associated pathologies and their elimination was shown to alleviate many age-associated diseases and disorders. In contrast to these findings, the transient presence of senescent cells in the process of wound healing exerts beneficial effects and limits fibrosis. Hence, clearance of senescent cells during wound healing was repeatedly shown to delay wound closure in vivo. Recent findings established a dysregulated synthesis of eicosanoids, phospholipids and extracellular vesicles as part of the senescent phenotype. This intriguing connection between cellular senescence, lipid-based signalling, and the process of wound healing and tissue regeneration prompts us to compile the current knowledge in this review and propose future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pils
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Terlecki-Zaniewicz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz and Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Mittelbrunn M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of T cell aging. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:687-698. [PMID: 33986548 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aged adaptive immune system is characterized by progressive dysfunction as well as increased autoimmunity. This decline is responsible for elevated susceptibility to infection and cancer, as well as decreased vaccination efficacy. Recent evidence indicates that CD4+ T cell-intrinsic alteratins contribute to chronic inflammation and are sufficient to accelerate an organism-wide aging phenotype, supporting the idea that T cell aging plays a major role in body-wide deterioration. In this Review, we propose ten molecular hallmarks to represent common denominators of T cell aging. These hallmarks are grouped into four primary hallmarks (thymic involution, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis) and four secondary hallmarks (reduction of the TCR repertoire, naive-memory imbalance, T cell senescence, and lack of effector plasticity), and together they explain the manifestation of the two integrative hallmarks (immunodeficiency and inflammaging). A major challenge now is weighing the relative impact of these hallmarks on T cell aging and understanding their interconnections, with the final goal of defining molecular targets for interventions in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mittelbrunn
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China. .,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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