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Chan CCK, Fok EHW, Lo YTR, Ng WY, Botelho MG. Well-being of undergraduate dental students: Questionnaire design, findings and future directions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:740-756. [PMID: 38526000 DOI: 10.1111/eje.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent pandemic has highlighted the importance of addressing well-being in the overall health of students. There is a need for support systems within dental schools to help students demonstrate resilience, adapt to learning environments and thrive in their professional careers. OBJECTIVES The main aim of the study was to evaluate Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students' understanding and experience of well-being. The objectives were to create a suitable survey to assess students' well-being, investigate the factors affecting dental students' well-being and develop a student well-being action plan based on the analysis of the survey. METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify and critically assess existing measures of well-being in dental students. Four domains of well-being (emotional, physical, social, intellectual) relevant to dental students were identified. Through a comprehensive iterative process, a two-part survey was developed and tested, which measured individual experiences of well-being across the four domains and collected feedback on proposed initiatives to support student well-being. The survey was disseminated to all 452 dental students from Years 1 through 6, of which 71% (321) responded. RESULTS The survey revealed low levels of overall well-being among the dental student population, which worsened with increasing years of clinical study. Fear of failing exams presented the biggest challenge with regard to emotional well-being, while sleep deprivation and occupational health hazards most affected the physical well-being domain. Intellectual well-being was compromised by insufficient free time to pursue extracurricular interests and concerns about achieving the required skills. Despite a majority experiencing positive relationships with their peers and tutors, less than a fifth agreed that the Faculty of Dentistry 'supported my well-being as a dental student'. CONCLUSION As the first investigation of the well-being of dental students in Hong Kong, the key stressors identified were examinations, long schedules and the physical burden of dental work, which are consistent with international literature. The findings reveal students' needs and preferences for well-being initiatives which will be optimized in the implementation of student-centred curricular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cheuk Kwan Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elise Hoi Wan Fok
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Ting Rosealeen Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Yan Ng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael George Botelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
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Zenthöfer A, Graf A, Rammelsberg P, Klotz AL. The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Stress and Anxiety of Dental Students. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1221-1228. [PMID: 37276882 PMCID: PMC10756791 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on stress and anxiety of preclinical and clinical dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental students (participants) in their clinical course (CC; n = 64) or preclinical course (PCC; n = 53) were included in the study. The subjective perceived levels of stress and anxiety were evaluated using the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire. Cortisol levels were measured in saliva samples collected from participants. Knowledge of the pandemic was evaluated using a 100-mm visual analog scale. All data were collected twice: once during the university holidays and once during term time. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Results from DES, DASS, and salivary cortisol tests were compared between baseline and follow-up using descriptive and bivariate statistics. Multivariate linear regression models were computed with DES, DASS, and cortisol values as dependent variables to analyze possible influencing factors. RESULTS Participants showed medium levels of stress and anxiety at baseline and follow-up. The DASS score in the "anxiety" subdomain was significantly higher in the PCC group than in the CC group at baseline (p < 0.001) and increased during term time. DASS scores in the "stress" subdomain also increased during term time. However, both subdomain scores were lower than the cutoff value for a psychological disorder. The mean total DES scores were 615.9 ± 97.7 in the CC group and 580.40 ± 98.9 in the PCC group. These scores indicated medium stress levels and were not significantly different between the groups, nor did they change during the study period. Mean saliva cortisol levels were higher in the CC group (9.2 ± 5.2) than in the PCC group (4.9 ± 2.2) at baseline (p < 0.001) but converged by follow-up. Multivariate regression models showed that intraindividual perception of stress at baseline was consistently the most important aspect for changes in stress and anxiety levels during term time. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected stress and anxiety levels in some participants, but this was not ubiquitous. CONCLUSION Intraindividual differences in stress perception seem to be more relevant than course affiliation (preclinical or clinical) or the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to stress and anxiety levels in dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zenthöfer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Graf
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Luisa Klotz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Akram U, Irvine K, Gardani M, Allen S, Akram A, Stevenson JC. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, mania, insomnia, stress, suicidal ideation, psychotic experiences, & loneliness in UK university students. Sci Data 2023; 10:621. [PMID: 37704598 PMCID: PMC10499890 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite existing wellbeing services, university students remain particularly vulnerable to mental health difficulties. Therefore, this study was designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms by using well validated scales with robust psychometric properties. More specifically, the current data provides crucial information concerning the prevalence of anxiety, depression, mania, insomnia, stress, suicidal ideation, psychotic experiences and loneliness amongst a sample of N = 1408 UK university students. A cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study was implemented. Online recruitment for this dataset began on September 17th, 2018, and ended on the 30th July 2019. Eight validated measures were used: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; Patient Health Questionnaire; The Mood Disorder Questionnaire; The Sleep Condition Indicator; The Perceived Stress Scale; Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised; The Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16); and the University of California Loneliness Scale. The dataset is available to other researchers and is provided on figshare. Information concerning the data records, usage notes, code availability and technical validation are presented. Finally, we present demographic information concerning psychiatric symptom prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Akram
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kamila Irvine
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Maria Gardani
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Allen
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Asha Akram
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Boden M, Day E. Illicit drug use in university students in the UK and Ireland: a PRISMA-guided scoping review. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36915093 PMCID: PMC10012457 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the health and well-being of university students has increased in the UK and Ireland in the past two decades as their numbers have grown. Recent high-profile deaths of students after using illicit drugs have highlighted the importance of the topic for policy makers. This scoping review maps the state of the existing literature evaluating use of illicit drugs in university students in the UK and Ireland. It aims to highlight research gaps and inform policy. METHOD We conducted a systematic search of papers related to psychoactive drug use in university students in the UK and Ireland published before August 2021. The 18 extracted study characteristics included author(s); year of publication; journal; location of data collection; study design; delivery method (e.g., online survey, in-person, postal survey); number of participants; response rate; participant course of study, year of study, degree level (i.e., undergraduate, postgraduate), gender and age; time-period assessed (e.g., lifetime, current use, past 12 months); primary aim; primary outcome; ethical approval; and funding source. RESULTS The PRISMA-guided search strategy identified 1583 papers for abstract review; of 110 papers retained for full-text review, 54 studies met criteria for inclusion for this paper. Primary outcomes were coded into five groups: prevalence and patterns of drug use; factors associated with drug use; attitudes and knowledge about, and motivation for, drug use; supply of drugs; consequences of drug use. The results show that there is no coherent body of research in this area. The prevalence of reported drug use has crept up and the range of substances reported has broadened over time, and attitudes to drugs on average have normalised. However, there are significant methodological limitations that limit the utility of these findings. There was little evidence of published work on prevention of, or intervention to reduce, drug-related harms. CONCLUSION The domains identified offer a framework for university administrators, researchers and policy makers to understand the potential response to drug use in university students in the UK and Ireland. Recommendations are made to fill the gaps in the research evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Boden
- University of Birmingham, Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, 52 Pritchatts Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - Ed Day
- University of Birmingham, Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, 52 Pritchatts Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK.
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Prevalence and Psychiatric Correlates of Illicit Substance Use in UK Undergraduate Students. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020360. [PMID: 36831903 PMCID: PMC9953790 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of illegal drug use in UK students and motivators behind such behavior. Additionally, we explored possible relationships between substance use, psychosocial motivators, and psychiatric distress. A group (n = 543) of students completed online measures of substance use, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and insomnia. A series of reasons behind their use were ranked based on importance. Reported cannabis, cocaine, nitrous oxide, ketamine, and MDMA use were most prevalent based on lifetime, past year, and month assessments. The experience of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and insomnia were related to increased reports of substance use. Poor self-confidence and self-medication were key motivators of illicit drug use in those presenting greater psychiatric distress. These outcomes add to the sparse body of literature concerning illicit substance use in relation to psychiatric distress amongst UK students. Furthermore, we provided novel insight into the psychosocial motivators of such use.
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Feussner O, Rehnisch C, Rabkow N, Watzke S. Somatization symptoms-prevalence and risk, stress and resilience factors among medical and dental students at a mid-sized German university. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13803. [PMID: 36003309 PMCID: PMC9394510 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have shown that an increased prevalence of mental illness can be found among medical and dental students. Among these, somatization symptoms are severely understudied. The present study examined the prevalence of somatization symptoms in a subpopulation of medical and dental students and aimed at finding associated risk and resilience factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-reporting questionnaire, including the SOMS-2, the Becks-Depression-Inventory-II (BDI-II), the NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory, and a questionnaire on socio-demographics for possible risk and resilience factors. A total of 271 medical and dental students of a mid-sized German university completed the questionnaire. Results The Somatization index yielded a mean of 9.12 symptoms for the total sample, which is 1.2 SD higher than the reported norm. A total of 50.7% of the medical students and 63.6% of the dental students transcend a critical somatization score. Significant positive associations for eight general risk factors, four university related stress factors, and a significant negative association for seven resilience factors were found. Conclusion Medical and even more dental students at the studied university showed a high burden of somatoform complaints. Also, factors were found that could be of etiological relevance and others that could be used to enhance resilience. Both could present an opportunity for the prevention of somatization disorders but prospective and multicenter studies with an aged-matched comparison group are needed to obtain a more accurate overview.
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Zenthöfer A, Graf A, Büsch C, Rammelsberg P, Klotz AL. Adapting the German version of the dental environment stress questionnaire. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022. [PMID: 35767420 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a German version of the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire, and to evaluate its reliability and validity. METHODS The original English DES questionnaire was translated into German using a forward-backward translation process. To evaluate construct stability, a subgroup of dental students (n = 43) completed the DES twice (interval: 1 week). To evaluate how the DES responds to anticipated changes in stress, all dental students' (n = 64) DES scores and saliva cortisol levels administered from a clinical study were compared between holiday and term time. Furthermore, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and a stress self-assessment were used to determine the validity of the DES. Reliability analyses were calculated using Kendall's tau correlations. To estimate reliability strength, correlation coefficients and intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used. RESULTS Regarding construct stability, 24 of 25 DES items had at least moderate correlations, and most items showed strong correlations. Correlations for the seven subdomains were good (range: 0.778-1.000). The same was true for the total DES score (ICC: 0.944). Correlations for response to term-time stress were weaker and more varied. Validity analyses revealed fair correlations between the DES and students' self-assessment (Pearson's r = .592) and DASS score (Pearson's r = .392), suggesting satisfactory validity. Stress levels were quite similar between baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSION The German DES is a reliable tool for evaluating stress in dental students. Because it can be used to identify individual stressors in various categories, it might enable the detection of specific stress situations in educational situations and facilitate solutions (adjustment of curricula, tailored consulting services).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zenthöfer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Graf
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Büsch
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Luisa Klotz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Levels of perceived stress according to professional standings among dental surgeons of Karachi: a descriptive study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 35717173 PMCID: PMC9206731 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, occupational stress is a common finding among dentists. The present study aimed to assess prevalence of perceived stress among practicing dentists of Karachi, Pakistan, and assess the perceived stress levels according to the professional standing among dental surgeons. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling technique in which 200 dentists from Karachi were recruited. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data, including demographic and professional backgrounds. Stress level assessment was performed using the perceived stress scale (PSS). Results The response rate was 78.5%. In general, a moderate stress level (mean PSS = 18.35 ± 5.417) appeared in the sample size of 157 dentists, and the prevalence of perceived stress was 86%. The level of perceived stress was significantly lower in groups including 40 years old and above (mean diff; p = − 0.197), Rupees 1 lac (100,000) and more of monthly income (mean diff; p = 0.029), 11 and more years of experience (mean diff; p = 0.001) and Assistant Professor/Associate Professor/Professor (mean diff; p = 0.035). Conclusion All groups representing the senior status of dentists have appeared with lower stress than groups representing the junior status of dentists. Exploratory studies are required to discover an effective coping strategy to deal with occupational stress among the junior dentists of Karachi.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02272-5.
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Campbell F, Rogers H. Through the looking glass: a review of the literature surrounding reflective practice in dentistry. Br Dent J 2022; 232:729-734. [PMID: 35624264 PMCID: PMC9137255 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-3993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reflection is an essential component of the learning process that helps to elicit deeper learning. In healthcare, this uses experiential activities to produce knowledge that compels the clinician to change their practice. Deep reflection allows one to explore emotions associated with challenging learning experiences, empowering reinterpretation of these experiences and removing barriers to further learning. Reflection is a key requirement of dental education at all stages. This paper aims to explore the existing literature on reflective practice in dentistry and identify areas for further research to improve reflective practice within dentistry. Traditional methods of reflecting through written means are not facilitating the deep reflection which is desired. A systematic overhaul of reflective practice is suggested, involving a shift away from structured written reflections. There is little evidence to inform the most appropriate format for reflective practice in dental education. There is a need for further research to determine the effectiveness of reflective practice in dental education, particularly as a move away from structured written reflection to more creative reflective opportunities are encouraged. Greater exploration of barriers to reflection in dentistry is indicated, with consideration to how these may be overcome and a need to engage regulatory bodies in system-wide changes. Reflection is an essential aspect of the learning process, with deep reflection eliciting deeper learning. Deep reflection is desirable for learners at all stages, from undergraduate students to experienced clinicians, as it allows exploration of the emotions associated with the learning experience, removing barriers to learning and supporting wellbeing. Further research to explore the barriers and facilitators to deep reflection in dentistry is indicated in order to support the planning and implementation of a systematic overhaul of current and often ineffective methods of reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Campbell
- Glasgow Dental Hospital and School; Glasgow, UK; Honorary Clinical Teacher in Paediatric Dentistry, Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - Helen Rogers
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
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Inquimbert C, Maitre Y, Moulis E, Gremillet V, Tramini P, Valcarcel J, Carayon D. Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use and Associated Factors among Health Profession Students in France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095237. [PMID: 35564631 PMCID: PMC9099944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to investigate the recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) among health profession students at Montpellier University (France). The second aim was to identify the factors associated with N2O use. All students in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and midwifery of the Montpellier University were contacted by email to participate in the survey. The students answered directly online by filling out anonymously a questionnaire including demographic information and questions about N2O, illicit drugs and alcohol use. Ethical approval was granted by the ethics committee of the Montpellier University. The sample comprised 593 students (mean age = 22.3 ± 2.6 yr), with 68.6% of females. Lifetime N2O use was reported by 76.6% and frequent alcohol use by 30.5% of the respondents. The lifetime use of cannabis, 'poppers', cocaine, ecstasy and LSD was 26.8%, 54.6%, 9.6%, 10.1% and 2.0% respectively. In multivariate analysis, the substances significantly associated with lifetime N2O were alcohol drinking and 'poppers' use. With respect to this self-nominated sample, our results indicate that respondents who were alcohol drinkers, were poppers users, follow longer studies, divert medical products for recreational use or were members of a students' corporation had higher odds of lifetime N2O use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Inquimbert
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (P.T.); (J.V.)
- Institut Desbrest d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IDESP UMR UA11 INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-666957674
| | - Yoann Maitre
- EA 2415, Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisée, Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Estelle Moulis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (E.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincent Gremillet
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (E.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Paul Tramini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (P.T.); (J.V.)
| | - Jean Valcarcel
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (P.T.); (J.V.)
| | - Delphine Carayon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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Al-Rawi NH, Uthman AT, Saeed M, Abdulkareem AA, Al Bayati S, Al Nuaimi A. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Dentists During COVID-19 Lockdown. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2202242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among dentists during covid-19 lockdown and to investigate the relationship between stress and each mental health state.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey on 269 dentists was conducted using DASS-21 and PHQ-9 questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate models were constructed and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated to assess the strength of the association between an independent categorical variable and the outcome.
Results and Discussion:
Being unsatisfied with the job was associated with a statistically significant increase in DASS-21 score by an average of 5.9 points after adjusting for the possible confounding effect of the other independent variables included in the model. For each extra 10 years of clinical experience, there is a statistically significant reduction in DASS-21 score by an average of 1.3 points compared after adjusting for the possible confounding effect of the other independent variables included in the model.
Conclusion:
Stress, depression, and anxiety were prevalent during the pandemic among dentists. These psychological domains were modulated by several factors including marital status, gender, years of clinical experience, and degree of job satisfaction.
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Sircar K. Will the COVID-19 pandemic be a harbinger of change in dental education. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:210-212. [PMID: 34703109 PMCID: PMC8491363 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.325103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keya Sircar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India E-mail:
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Almoammar S, Alqarni KA, Alnazeh AA, Alshahrani RM, Sundram F, Alyami M, Alyami H. Depression and suicidal ideation among dental students of Southern Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. J Dent Educ 2021; 85:1837-1846. [PMID: 34416011 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess depression and suicidal ideation among dental students at King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among dental students between January and March 2020. The Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression, while suicidal ideation was assessed using three questions related to suicidal behaviors drawn from the literature. RESULTS A total of 218 participants completed the questionnaires. More than 40% of the participants experienced depression while the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 48.2%; around a third of the sample had suicidal ideation, and half of which made a suicidal attempt in the preceding year (p < 0.05). There was a lack of association between depression severity and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION A large proportion of dental students experienced depression and suicidal ideation. These findings invite in depth analysis of the causative and contributing factors for such high rates as well as ways for addressing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholod Abdurhman Alqarni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alnazeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Mohamed Alshahrani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frederick Sundram
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mohsen Alyami
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hussain Alyami
- College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Faruk MO, Mamun MA, Siddique AB, Griffiths MD. Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Bangladeshi Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDental students are highly prone to mental health suffering due to the stressors related to their educational, academic, and clinical environment. However, there are no previous studies that evaluated the mental health problems among dental students in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety and its covariates. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the students of five (out of a total of nine) Bangladeshi public dental institutes. The survey included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and questions relating to sociodemographic factors, personal suffering, and family mental health history. Results indicated that the prevalence rates for moderate to severe depression and anxiety were 27.4% and 18.2%, respectively. The risk factors for depression and anxiety were being female, coming from city areas, having past-year psychological and physical suffering, having past-year traumatic events, and having a family history of mental illness, as well as a range of suicide-related behaviors. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in the present study were relatively lower than other dental student cohorts residing outside Bangladesh. Further investigations are suggested based on the limitations and strengths of the present study.
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Abstract
Summary
Stress at the work place was declared by the World Health Organization as a worldwide epidemic. The stress caused by work appears when the balance between one’s own possibilities and the environment demands is disturbed, which leads to a poor mental state. The fact is that the majority of dentists find they are under constant stress, which is caused by the nature of dental work. Literature describes dentistry as an extremely stressful profession. The main stressors include the tendency toward technical perfection, the causation of pain in patients, the lack of patient cooperation during dental treatment, the failure to maintain the given appointments. Adequate education and preparation, even during dental studies, non-neglect of symptoms and difficulties at the work place, adequate and timely response to the identification of the cause and its elimination or balancing, have a key role in solving this great problem in modern dentistry.
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Alcohol-Related Behaviour in Freshmen University Students in Sardinia, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137203. [PMID: 34281140 PMCID: PMC8297276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to provide a picture of University of Cagliari students’ alcohol-related behaviour and to explore factors associated with it. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire to 992 freshmen university students from different programs consisting of twelve closed questions, including three questions from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C short form). Three subgroups of alcohol-related behaviour were distinguished (risky drinkers, social drinkers and abstainers). In order to explore factors associated with patterns of alcohol consumption, a multivariate logistic regression was performed. The prevalence of risky drinkers was 35%. A binge-drinking behaviour at least once in the last twelve months was declared by 65% (more widespread in men and in students living away from their parents). Risky consumption is significantly associated with age of onset of alcohol use, living away from parents’ home, drinking outside meals and attending health courses. Regarding the levels of daily alcohol consumption perceived as a health risk, 66% of men and 88% of women indicate values higher than those recommended. The results underline the need for tailored prevention measures. University could be a promising setting to implement actions according to a health promotion perspective, to empower students to control their alcohol consumption.
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Ujariya U, Kothari A, Bharatiya R, Patel A. Perceived sources of stress and coping strategies adopted by final year under graduate students at dental teaching institutes in Gujarat – A questionnaire survey. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_33_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Collin V, O’Selmo E, Whitehead P. Stress, psychological distress, burnout and perfectionism in UK dental students. Br Dent J 2020; 229:605-614. [DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hakami Z, Khanagar SB, Vishwanathaiah S, Hakami A, Bokhari AM, Jabali AH, Alasmari D, Aldrees AM. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental students: A nationwide study. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:494-503. [PMID: 33128397 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Public mental health concerns have been raised during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological impact of the pandemic on dental students in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among dental students from different universities in Saudi Arabia selected using 2-stage cluster sampling. The psychological impact was assessed using the validated Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Item questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used as appropriate. A chi-squared test was used to compare the proportions between the sociodemographic data and logistic regression analysis to identify variables associated with the student's responses. RESULTS The internal consistency of the scale was excellent (0.954). A total of 697 dental students participated voluntarily in the study; their mean age was 21.76 ± 1.859 years, and 54.7% were female. The majority (96.1%) were single, and 69.4% lived in a household of > 5 persons. Significant differences in mental health outcomes were evident for gender, university, and survey time. Elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were recorded among 60.64%, 37.02%, and 34.92%, respectively, of the students. Females, students who lived alone, and junior students were more likely to experience psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The presence of elevated levels of depression, anxiety and stress among dental students highlights the need for psychological empowerment strategies involving institutional counseling services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Hakami
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjeev B Khanagar
- Dental Public Health, Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Hakami
- Resident Doctor, Jazan Psychatric Hospital, Military Forces Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Bokhari
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Jabali
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhafer Alasmari
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Aldrees
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aboalshamat K, Al-Zaidi D, Jawa D, Al-Harbi H, Alharbi R, Al-Otaibi S. The effect of life coaching on psychological distress among dental students: interventional study. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:106. [PMID: 33054836 PMCID: PMC7557064 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression, stress, and anxiety are common psychological conditions among dental students in many countries around the world. A number of researchers have found life coaching to be effective at reducing psychological distress. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a life coaching program on dental students’ psychological status. Methods A quasi-experiment study with two arms was conducted on 88 female dental students at Umm Al-Qura University (study group = 44; control group = 44). The psychological status was assessed by questionnaire before and after intervention. The questionnaire was composed of the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Resilience Scale (RS-14), the Psychological Well-Being Scale–Short (PWB-S), and goal approach questions. The study group received a coaching program comprising one lecture for 1 h and five phone coaching sessions over 5 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. Results The study group showed a significant reduction in depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, and self-acceptance according to the PWB-S scale. Also, goal approach was significantly improved. On the other hand, the control group showed a significant reduction on the RS-14 only. The differences in the tested scales between the study group and the control group from pre-intervention (T1) to post-intervention (T2) showed significant differences in depression, stress, self-acceptance, and goal approach measurements per t-test. Conclusion The study’s findings showed that life coaching had the effect of reducing psychological distress, which encouraged the implementation of coaching practice in the daily life of dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Aboalshamat
- Dental Public Health Division, Preventative Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Duha Al-Zaidi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duha Jawa
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Al-Harbi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Alharbi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Al-Otaibi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Muniz FWMG, Maurique LS, Toniazzo MP, Silva CF, Casarin M. Self-reported depressive symptoms in dental students: Systematic review with meta-analysis. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:135-147. [PMID: 32929744 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review the literature about the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms in dental students. METHODS PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were search up to January 2020 with the following focused questions: "What is the prevalence of self-reported depression symptom in dental students?" and "Are sex and years of educational training associated with self-reported depressive symptom in dental students?". Observational studies that applied a questionnaire assessing depression were eligible. Standard mean differences (SMD) and pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the questionnaires' scores and self-reported depressive symptom, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were included, and 15 different questionnaires were used. The prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms/at least mild depression ranged from 2.75% to 89.84%, and the pooled overall prevalence was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26-34). Meta-analysis showed significantly lower scores in the questionnaires for self-reported depressive symptoms of male students (SMD: -0.22; 95% CI: -0.42 - -0.03). Conversely, no significant difference was detected for the OR of self-reported depressive symptom in the comparison between sex (OR: 1.11 - 95% CI: 0.77-1.62). Similarly, no significant difference was observed for the different school years regardless of the analytical strategy used. CONCLUSION It was concluded that female dental students presented more self-reported depressive symptoms, but no difference is demonstrated during the years of dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luísa S Maurique
- School of Medicine, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian P Toniazzo
- Department of Periodontology, Post-Graduation Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline F Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Post-Graduation of the Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maísa Casarin
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Hung M, Licari FW, Hon ES, Lauren E, Su S, Birmingham WC, Wadsworth LL, Lassetter JH, Graff TC, Harman W, Carroll WB, Lipsky MS. In an era of uncertainty: Impact of COVID-19 on dental education. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:148-156. [PMID: 32920890 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic arguably represents the worst public health crisis of the 21st century. However, no empirical study currently exists in the literature that examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on dental education and dental students' experience. METHODS An anonymous online survey was administrated to professional dental students that focused on their experiences related to COVID-19. The survey included questions about student demographics, protocols for school reopening and student perceptions of institutional responses, student concerns, and psychological impacts. RESULTS Among the 145 respondents, 92.4% were pre-doctoral dental students and 7.6% were orthodontic residents; 48.2% were female and 12.6% students lived alone during the school closure due to the pandemic. Students' age ranged from 23 to 39 years. Younger students expressed more concerns about their emotional health (P = 0.01). In terms of the school's overall response to COVID-19, 73.1% students thought it was effective. The majority (83%) of students believed that social distancing in school can minimize the development of COVID-19. In general, students felt that clinical education suffered after transitioning to online but responded more positively about adjustments to other online curricular components. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted dental education. Our findings indicate that students are experiencing increased levels of stress and feel their clinical education has suffered. Most students appear comfortable with technology adaptations for didactic curriculum and favor masks, social distancing, and liberal use of sanitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hung
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,College of Education, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Frank W Licari
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - Eric S Hon
- Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evelyn Lauren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharon Su
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | | | - Lori L Wadsworth
- George W. Romney Institute of Public Service and Ethics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Tyler C Graff
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - William Harman
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - William B Carroll
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - Martin S Lipsky
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA
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Kernan WD. Health-related impediments to learning among dental and oral surgery students. J Prev Interv Community 2020; 47:32-44. [PMID: 30806191 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2018.1547307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental education is a challenging experience that places significant demands on students' intellectual, financial, and psychosocial well-being. Dental students who simultaneously experience physical illness, emotional upset, or interpersonal difficulty may be at greater risk of experiencing negative academic consequences. It is well documented that stress affects student learning, however, the impact of other health concerns on academic success is less understood. The purpose of this manuscript is to document the prevalence and perceived academic impact of 24 health concerns on the academic performance of a sample of 130 undergraduate dental students as measured by the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). Health concerns that were most prevalent among dental students were generally also perceived to be most detrimental to their learning. These included upper respiratory infections (cold, flu, sore throat), interpersonal concerns (concerns about a troubled friend or family member, and relationship difficulty), and mental health issues (depression/anxiety/seasonal affective disorder, and stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Kernan
- a Department of Public Health , William Paterson University , Wayne , NJ , USA
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Ponzo S, Morelli D, Kawadler JM, Hemmings NR, Bird G, Plans D. Efficacy of the Digital Therapeutic Mobile App BioBase to Reduce Stress and Improve Mental Well-Being Among University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e17767. [PMID: 31926063 PMCID: PMC7171562 DOI: 10.2196/17767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students in the United Kingdom are experiencing increasing levels of anxiety. A program designed to increase awareness of one's present levels of well-being and suggest personalized health behaviors may reduce anxiety and improve mental well-being in students. The efficacy of a digital version of such a program, providing biofeedback and therapeutic content based on personalized well-being metrics, is reported here. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and sustained effects of using a mobile app (BioBase) and paired wearable device (BioBeam), compared with a waitlist control group, on anxiety and well-being in university students with elevated levels of anxiety and stress. METHODS The study employed a randomized, waitlist-controlled trial with assessments at baseline, 2 weeks, postintervention (4 weeks), and follow-up (6 weeks). Participants were eligible if they were current full-time undergraduate students and (1) at least 18 years of age, (2) scored >14 points on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) stress subscale or >7 points on the DASS-21 anxiety subscale, (3) owned an iOS mobile phone, (4) did not have any previous psychiatric or neurological conditions, (6) were not pregnant at the time of testing, and (7) were able to read and understand English. Participants were encouraged to use BioBase daily and complete at least one course of therapeutic content. A P value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found that a 4-week intervention with the BioBase program significantly reduced anxiety and increased perceived well-being, with sustained effects at a 2-week follow-up. Furthermore, a significant reduction in depression levels was found following the 4-week usage of BioBase. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the efficacy of a biofeedback digital intervention in reducing self-reported anxiety and increasing perceived well-being in UK university students. Results suggest that digital mental health interventions could constitute a novel approach to treat stress and anxiety in students, which could be combined or integrated with existing therapeutic pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF.io) 2zd45; https://osf.io/2zd45/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Morelli
- BioBeats Group Ltd, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Plans
- BioBeats Group Ltd, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Initiative in the Digital Economy, Department of Science, Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Jowkar Z, Masoumi M, Mahmoodian H. Psychological Stress and Stressors Among Clinical Dental Students at Shiraz School of Dentistry, Iran. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2020; 11:113-120. [PMID: 32104133 PMCID: PMC7024806 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s236758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the level of psychological stress and the perceived stressors among the undergraduate clinical dental students of Shiraz School of Dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019 at Shiraz School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The study group consisted of 150 dental clinical students. The participants were surveyed via the validated Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaires. One-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey's test, repeated measure ANOVA, Holm-Sidak's test, and t-test were performed to analyze the data after the normality of the data was checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The P values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS No significant differences were observed among the dental students with different academic levels in terms of depression and anxiety scores (P=0.057 and 0.154, respectively). The lowest and highest stress scores were observed among the sixth- and fifth-year students, respectively (P values <0.05). The scores of the stressors associated with the academic factors were significantly higher than those of the other domains (P<0.05) except for that of the clinical education domain (P=0.070). The females showed significantly higher DES scores (P values <0.05). CONCLUSION The highest and lowest stress levels were observed among the fifth- and sixth-year students, respectively. The primary sources of stress were academic factors and clinical education. The females expressed higher levels of stress in certain areas of dental training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jowkar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Masoumi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoodian
- Department of Medical Ethics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Santangelo OE, Provenzano S, Giordano D, Alagna E, Armetta F, Gliubizzi C, Terranova A, D'Anna G, Barresi D, Grigis D, Genovese C, Squeri R, Firenze A. Nursing students and depressive symptomatology: an observational study in University of Palermo. Ment Illn 2019; 11:25-31. [PMID: 32742623 PMCID: PMC7364612 DOI: 10.1108/mij-10-2019-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depression is a common and serious medical illness, considered as a public health issue because it interferes with the interpersonal, social and professional functioning of the individual, and its frequency is constantly increasing. According to a recent review, approximately 34 per cent of nursing students had experienced depression worldwide. The university period may represent a moment in which the mental well-being of students is subjected to stress with a relative predisposition to the development of diseases related to mood disorders. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence and examine the socio-demographic correlates of depressive symptomatology. Design/methodology/approach In April 2019, a questionnaire was administered to all the nursing students of University of Palermo of the three years of course, accompanied by informed consent. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. The statistical significance level chosen for all analyses was 0.05. The results were analyzed using the STATA statistical software version 14. Results are expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95 per cent confidence intervals. Findings The sample consists of 493 students who completed the questionnaire, and the average age of the sample participants is 21.88 years. The multivariable logistic regression model shows that the risk to have depressive symptomatology is significantly associated with the following independent variables: female gender (aOR 1.91), being single (aOR 1.87), second year of study (aOR 1.94), third year of study (aOR 1.92), not performing regular physical activity (aOR 1.78) and perceived low health status (aOR 3.08). Originality/value This study shows that belonging to the female gender, being further along in the years of study, having a chronic illness and perceiving a low state of health are all factors that can increase the risk of developing the symptoms of depression; rather, regular physical activity, friendship and romantic relationships can be considered factors protecting them from the risk of falling into depression that can undermine both the study and work performance. Certainly, it is important to analyze all the involved variables to improve the global health not only of the nursing students but of all the students.
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Luz LB, Grock CH, Oliveira VF, Bizarro L, Ardenghi TM, Ferreira MBC, Montagner F. Self-reported confidence and anxiety over endodontic procedures in undergraduate students-Quantitative and qualitative study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2019; 23:482-490. [PMID: 31373094 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current literature shows a growing interest to assess the feelings and perceptions of students associated with the performance of elective endodontic procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the students' anxiety and self-perceptions related to performing such treatments. METHODS Forty-five students participated in the research (G1 = 22 beginners students; G2 = 23 senior students). Demographic data, STAI-State and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pre-operative anxiety were completed before the appointment with patient. The STAI-Trait; NRS for post-operative anxiety; previous experiences in endodontics; and level of confidence in each stage of endodontic treatments were collected after appointment. Focal groups for qualitative data collection were performed on separate occasion. RESULTS Both groups showed higher scores in STAI-State than for STAI-Trait scale. G1 showed higher levels of anxiety in the pre-operative, compared with post-operative moment in the NRS scale. G2 reported feeling more confidence to insert intracanal medication and to restore teeth between appointments than G1. In both focus groups, participants reported insecurity in performing endodontic procedures due to difficulty in visualisation and to anatomic complexities. G1 reported that all the confidence they had was based in pre-clinical experience, and G2 mentioned concern about the end of graduation. CONCLUSION The participants' anxiety diminishes as they gain more experience in performing endodontic procedures. However, as they approach the end of the course anxiety levels increase. Greater availability of elective courses in endodontics could be a valuable alternative to provide students with more exposure to and experience with these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
- Full Professor of Pharmacology, Invited Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Miri-Moghaddam M, Shahrakipour M, Nasseri S, Miri-Moghaddam E. Higher prevalence of water pipe compared to cigarette smoking among medical students in Southeast Iran. Cent Eur J Public Health 2019; 27:188-194. [PMID: 31580552 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking of water pipe (WP) and cigarettes has recently turned into a major global health burden. The present study aimed at assessing WP and cigarette smoking among Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS) students in Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 500 students in ZUMS (182 males, 318 females). The subjects were selected through randomized cluster sampling. Morgan's chart was applied to calculate the sample size; 96.6% of the attendees completed a questionnaire designed to address the aims of the study. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 21.2 ± 2.4 years. WP and cigarette smoker rates were at 31.2% and 15.2%, respectively. The age of smoking initiation ranged between 15 and 20 years. Friends played crucial roles in triggering the smoking in both groups of WP and cigarette smokers (78% and 54%, respectively). The main reasons for WP and cigarette smoking were entertainment followed by curiosity. Furthermore, males used more cigarette (26.5 vs. 8.7%) and WP (50.6 vs. 20.4%) than females. Among father and mother smokers, respectively, 54.2% and 60% of children were also WP smokers (p = 0.001). Also, 21.9% and 60% of children smoking cigarettes had father and mother smokers, respectively (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Tobacco use, especially for WP seems to be at alarming rates among medical students in Iran. It is highly recommended to control the progressive prevalence of WP smoking by governmental/academic preventive measures as educational and smoking cessation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Miri-Moghaddam
- Student Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shahrakipour
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oral and Dental Disease Research Centre, Health Faculty, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Nasseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam
- Department. of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Song KW, Kim HK. Job stress and its related factors among Korean dentists: An online survey study. Int Dent J 2019; 69:436-444. [PMID: 31388997 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate the dentists' job-related stress using the newly developed Dentist Job Stress (DJS) questionnaire, and to explore the relationships among sociodemographic factors, job stress and mental health indicators, including psychosocial stress, depression, anxiety and sleep among Korean dentists. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online survey including 1,520 dentists was conducted using the Brief Encounter Psychological Instrument-Korean version (BEPSI-K), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS The response rate was 15.2% (n = 231). The DJS questionnaire consisted of environmental and vocational factors, and Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.69. Dentists' job stress was significantly associated with income (P = 0.0230), work time (P = 0.0009) and job satisfaction (P < 0.0001). A bivariate correlation study revealed that the BEPSI-K, CES-D, STAI-S and PSQI exhibited a significant correlation with the DJS scale. Multiple regression analysis found that depression, job satisfaction and sleep quality were associated with dentists' job stress, and this model accounted for 37.9% of the variation in the DJS scale (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study revealed that the DJS questionnaire showed acceptable validity and reliability, and dentists' job stress was associated with depression, job satisfaction and sleep quality. The major implication of this study is that a stress-management programme focusing on practical ways to improve the mental health status and job satisfaction of dentists is critical to the reduction of occupational stress among Korean dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hye-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Edwards DJ, Rainey E, Boukouvala V, Wells Y, Bennett P, Tree J, Kemp AH. Novel ACT-based eHealth psychoeducational intervention for students with mental distress: a study protocol for a mixed-methodology pilot trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029411. [PMID: 31315873 PMCID: PMC6661604 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have revealed a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among university students, highlighting an urgent need for preventative measures at low cost to better support often overwhelmed support services. OBJECTIVE Here we propose a protocol for assessing the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) for an online transdiagnostic psychoeducational intervention called 'A Bite of ACT' compared with a waitlist control. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an RCT with crossover design involving baseline assessments and two follow-up periods. The primary outcome measure will be the Acceptance Checklist for Clinical Effectiveness Pilot Trials (ACCEPT) for measuring the feasibility of the trial design and methods. Secondary outcomes include measures of well-being, social connectedness, quality of life (EuroQol Five Dimensions), depression, anxiety and stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21), as well as the process measures: psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Version and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale) and heart rate variability. Analysis will involve calculating descriptive statistics, examining trial feasibility outcomes through ACCEPT, and determining effect size measures to determine the sample size needed in a future trial (if indicated). Qualitative interviews and preliminary health economics analysis will provide additional insights into the feasibility of the intervention and trial methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Department of Psychology Research Ethics Committee in the College of Human and Health Sciences at Swansea University. Dissemination will involve publication in international peer-reviewed journals, presentation of findings at relevant local, national and international conferences, and promotion of study outcomes using social media and other channels for disseminating findings to the wider community. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03810131; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Edwards
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Elinor Rainey
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Yasmin Wells
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jeremy Tree
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Kiepek N, Harris J, Beagan B, Buchanan M. Substance use by social workers and implications for professional regulation. DRUGS AND ALCOHOL TODAY 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/dat-08-2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Kiepek
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jonathan Harris
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Brenda Beagan
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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An Intervention Study: Does a Cognitive Reappraisal Technique Reduce the Perceived Stress in Fourth-Year Dental Students in New Zealand? Int J Dent 2019; 2019:5864591. [PMID: 31065269 PMCID: PMC6466901 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5864591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fourth-year of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree is considered the most stressful in the curriculum. Cognitive reappraisal is a self-applied method of stress management where an individual recognises his/her physiological responses to stress as a positive phenomenon helping him/her rise to the challenge, rather than a negative one in response to a threat situation. Aim To investigate whether teaching fourth-year dental students to apply cognitive reappraisal reduces their perceived levels of stress. Methods A survey was emailed to all fourth-year dental students, inviting them to respond to a 20-item questionnaire adapted from the Dental Environmental Stress (DES) Survey. Respondents were randomly assigned to reappraisal intervention/experimental (EXP) and control intervention (CON) groups, and each group was asked to watch an educational video. The EXP group video educated respondents on how to apply cognitive reappraisal in stressful situations, and the CON group video described generic methods of stress management. A follow-up survey was conducted after 3 weeks. Results The respondent rate was 47.6%. Change scores were calculated by subtracting the follow-up DES scores from baseline DES scores. The average change score for the experimental group was +3.1, indicating a decrease in average perceived stress levels. Conversely, the average change score for the CON group was −1.06, indicating an increase in average perceived stress levels. However, this difference did not reach a statistical significance. Conclusion EXP group has shown to have positive effects on stress management, and its effects on BDS students demonstrate promise.
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Gibson TM, Loza-Herrero MA, Yepes JF, Kim-Berman H, Dilbone DA, Perez H. Mandatory Drug Testing of Dental Students: To Test or Not to Test: Viewpoint 1: Drug Testing of Dental Students Should Be Mandatory for the Benefit of Students, Institutions, Patients, and the Profession and Viewpoint 2: Mandatory Drug Testing of Dental Students Carries Costs and Risks for Institutions and Students and Has Unproven Benefits. J Dent Educ 2019; 83:924-934. [PMID: 31010888 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An educational institution's decision to test or not test its students for drug use is controversial and complex. Although negative consequences of substance use disorder are well known, the consumption of prohibited substances continues to increase in young adults. Given the awareness of increasing drug use on college campuses and the potential impact on future health care professionals, issues associated with mandatory drug testing of dental students warrant investigation. The purpose of this Point/Counterpoint article is to present opposing viewpoints on whether mandatory student drug testing (MSDT) should be implemented for dental students. Viewpoint 1 affirms that MSDT is legal, ensures public safety, is recognized as a need in health care education, promotes professional and ethical responsibility, and is cost-effective. Viewpoint 2 asserts that MSDT has not been proven to be an effective deterrent for student drug use and it poses risks and costs for both institutions and students, ranging from potential violation of students' civil liberties to the consequences of false positive tests. This article's presentation of the recent literature on both sides of this issue provides dental educators with pertinent information for considering implementation of MSDT in their institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Marie Gibson
- Tanya Marie Gibson, DDS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry; Maria A. Loza-Herrero, DMD, MS, is Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Prosthodontics Section, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine; Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD, MPH, MS, DrPH, is Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry; Hera Kim-Berman, DDS, MMSc, is Clinical Assistant Professor and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Deborah A. Dilbone, DMD, is Clinical Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry; and Herminio Perez, DMD, MBA, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Director of Student Affairs, Diversity, and Inclusion, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine.
| | - Maria A Loza-Herrero
- Tanya Marie Gibson, DDS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry; Maria A. Loza-Herrero, DMD, MS, is Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Prosthodontics Section, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine; Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD, MPH, MS, DrPH, is Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry; Hera Kim-Berman, DDS, MMSc, is Clinical Assistant Professor and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Deborah A. Dilbone, DMD, is Clinical Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry; and Herminio Perez, DMD, MBA, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Director of Student Affairs, Diversity, and Inclusion, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
| | - Juan F Yepes
- Tanya Marie Gibson, DDS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry; Maria A. Loza-Herrero, DMD, MS, is Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Prosthodontics Section, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine; Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD, MPH, MS, DrPH, is Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry; Hera Kim-Berman, DDS, MMSc, is Clinical Assistant Professor and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Deborah A. Dilbone, DMD, is Clinical Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry; and Herminio Perez, DMD, MBA, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Director of Student Affairs, Diversity, and Inclusion, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
| | - Hera Kim-Berman
- Tanya Marie Gibson, DDS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry; Maria A. Loza-Herrero, DMD, MS, is Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Prosthodontics Section, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine; Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD, MPH, MS, DrPH, is Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry; Hera Kim-Berman, DDS, MMSc, is Clinical Assistant Professor and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Deborah A. Dilbone, DMD, is Clinical Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry; and Herminio Perez, DMD, MBA, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Director of Student Affairs, Diversity, and Inclusion, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
| | - Deborah A Dilbone
- Tanya Marie Gibson, DDS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry; Maria A. Loza-Herrero, DMD, MS, is Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Prosthodontics Section, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine; Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD, MPH, MS, DrPH, is Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry; Hera Kim-Berman, DDS, MMSc, is Clinical Assistant Professor and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Deborah A. Dilbone, DMD, is Clinical Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry; and Herminio Perez, DMD, MBA, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Director of Student Affairs, Diversity, and Inclusion, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
| | - Herminio Perez
- Tanya Marie Gibson, DDS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry; Maria A. Loza-Herrero, DMD, MS, is Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Prosthodontics Section, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine; Juan F. Yepes, DDS, MD, MPH, MS, DrPH, is Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry; Hera Kim-Berman, DDS, MMSc, is Clinical Assistant Professor and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Deborah A. Dilbone, DMD, is Clinical Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry; and Herminio Perez, DMD, MBA, is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Director of Student Affairs, Diversity, and Inclusion, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
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Youth Drug Use in Barbados and England: Correlates With Online Peer Influences. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558419839226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between susceptibility to drug-related online peer influence on Facebook and offline alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among emerging adults (18-24 years) enrolled at the university level in Barbados and England. A cross-national comparative, explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed with samples of students of African-Caribbean descent and European descent in Barbados and England, respectively. Quantitative data were collected using surveys from 241 students in Barbados and 186 in England. Qualitative focus groups were conducted with 23 Barbadian students and 16 English students. Spearman’s rank-order correlations were conducted to analyze quantitative data and a three-tiered categorization system was used to analyze the qualitative data. Significant positive relationships between students’ susceptibility to online peer influence (SOPI) and alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use were found. Six qualitative themes emerged representing cross-national similarities, while three themes emerged highlighting some differences between the two contexts. We propose that the relationship between SOPI and offline drug use may be mediated by the interrelated factors of emerging-adult developmental characteristics and the online and offline social environments. We represent these findings diagrammatically to convey that developmental and environmental factors together can provide a holistic understanding of the interplay between online interactions and offline risk behaviors.
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Schmidt LI, Scheiter F, Neubauer A, Sieverding M. Anforderungen, Entscheidungsfreiräume und Stress im Studium. DIAGNOSTICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Mit dem Demand-Control-Modell und dem dazugehörigen Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) existiert im Arbeitsumfeld ein bewährtes Modell zur Vorhersage physischer und psychischer Gesundheitsrisiken. Um diese auch unter Studierenden theoriegeleitet vorhersagen zu können, passten wir den JCQ auf den Hochschulkontext an und untersuchten mittels unseres Fragebogens zu strukturellen Belastungen und Ressourcen im Studium (StrukStud) den Erklärungsbeitrag hinsichtlich Stresserleben und Wohlbefinden. In 4 Studien mit insgesamt 732 Studierenden (Psychologie, Lehramt, Soziale Arbeit, Wirtschaftsrecht und Erziehung & Bildung) wurden die Demand-Control-Dimensionen (StrukStud), Stresserleben (Heidelberger Stress-Index HEI-STRESS & Perceived Stress Questionnaire) und weitere Referenzkonstrukte wie Studienzufriedenheit und körperliche Beschwerden erfasst. Befunde zur Reliabilität und Validität werden vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse belegen die psychometrische Qualität des StrukStud sowie dessen Potenzial zur Erklärung von Stress im Studium. Mit dem StrukStud liegt für den deutschsprachigen Raum erstmals ein ökonomisches Selbsteinschätzungsinstrument zur Erfassung von psychologischen Anforderungen und Entscheidungsfreiräumen im Studium vor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Scheiter
- Psychologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Psychologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung (DIPF), Frankfurt am Main
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Muniz FWMG, Maurique LS, Toniazzo MP, Rösing CK, Casarin M. Female undergraduate dental students may present higher depressive symptoms: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2019; 25:726-729. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirian P. Toniazzo
- Department of Periodontology Federal University Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Maísa Casarin
- Department of Periodontology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
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Gambetta-Tessini K, Mariño R, Morgan M, Evans W, Anderson V. Stress and Health-Promoting Attributes in Australian, New Zealand, and Chilean Dental Students. J Dent Educ 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2013.77.6.tb05532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Gambetta-Tessini
- Department of Population Oral Health and Periodontics; Melbourne Dental School University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Rodrigo Mariño
- Melbourne Dental School University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Mike Morgan
- School of Dental Science Melbourne Dental School University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Wendell Evans
- Department of Community Oral Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Sydney; Australia
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Yadav K, Solanki J, Dileep CL, Adyanthaya BR, Mishra P, Yadav O. Association between different blood groups, depression and oral health status of dental students. Med Pharm Rep 2018; 91:317-321. [PMID: 30093811 PMCID: PMC6082616 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Knowledge of blood groups and their association with oral diseases and depression is very important, as it may help in early diagnosis and treatment strategies. Method A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among dental students of a private dental college. The study was conducted in two phases, in the first phase the blood samples of each student were collected and sent for blood group examination in laboratory. Data for oral health status was collected by recording oral hygiene, dental caries and questions regarding oral hygiene habits and adverse oral habits. Depression level was recorded using a pre-validated, 21 item close ended questionnaire. Data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square and frequency distribution test using SPSS software. Results The total study subjects were 315, 95 males and 220 females. On applying chi-square test between blood group and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score, a highly significant association (p=0.00) was observed. A non-significant association p=0.217 and p=0.668 was observed between gender and DMFT and Oral hygiene index-simplified and Blood group respectively. When comparing blood group and Depression score, a non-significant association (p=0.74) was observed. Conclusion DMFT score varies in different blood groups and this might suggest a positive association between blood groups and DMFT score, while depression, oral hygiene and gender might not be affected by the different blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaluram Yadav
- Public Health Dentistry Department, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Jitender Solanki
- Public Health Dentistry Department, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - C L Dileep
- Public Health Dentistry Department, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - B R Adyanthaya
- Department of Endodontics and conservative, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore
| | - Omprakash Yadav
- Public Health Dentistry Department, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
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Santangelo OE, Provenzano S, Piazza D, Firenze A. Onset of depressive symptomatology in a sample of university students. Ment Illn 2018; 10:7649. [PMID: 30046407 PMCID: PMC6037098 DOI: 10.4081/mi.2018.7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate depressive symptomatology within the student population of the University of Palermo (Italy). An anonymous online questionnaire was provided to the students of the University of Palermo. The first section investigated demographic and social data, while in the second section the QIDS-SR16 (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report) test was administered. 539 students (68.3% female) gave informed consent and completed the questionnaire. Considering as a dependent variable: Depressive symptomatology moderate-severe-very severe, the statistically significant independent variables associated are I don’t live with my family (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.63, P=0.043), I currently smoke (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.39, P=0.048) and Low perceived health status (aOR 4.14, 95% CI 2.73-6.28, P<0.001). Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing a high-grade depressive symptomatology. Family plays a crucial role in decreasing the risk of moderate, severe or very severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Enzo Santangelo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo
| | - Sandro Provenzano
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo
| | - Dario Piazza
- Unità di Staff Rischio Clinico e Qualità A.O.U.P. "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo
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Nguyen TTH, Sendall MC, White KM, Young RM. Vietnamese medical students and binge drinking: a qualitative study of perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and experience. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020176. [PMID: 29705758 PMCID: PMC5931284 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences related to Vietnamese medical students' binge drinking. DESIGN A qualitative study comprising semi-structured focus groups/interviews with medical students and semi-structured interviews with key informants. Thematic analysis of data. SETTING Participants were a convenience sample of usual volunteers from a medical university in Viet Nam. PARTICIPANTS 19 medical students from year 1 to 6 and 4 key informants agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS The study found participants believe medical students drink less than other students and are not binge drinkers yet they experience and/or witness many binge drinking occasions among medical students. Participants consider alcohol use as culturally acceptable in Vietnamese society and a way for medical students to create and improve relationships with their friends, teachers, or work colleagues. Group affiliation and peer pressure to drink excessive alcohol are identified among medical students, especially male students. CONCLUSION The culture of drinking behaviour was explored among medical students in Viet Nam. This study reveals a dichotomy between the belief of not being binge drinkers and the experience of many binge drinking occasions among medical students. This tension suggests future research about binge drinking behaviour of Vietnamese medical students is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marguerite C Sendall
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Iszáj F, Kapitány-Fövény M, Farkas J, Kökönyei G, Urbán R, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Substance Use and Psychological Disorders Among Art and Non-art University Students: an Empirical Self-Report Survey. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018; 16:125-135. [PMID: 29491769 PMCID: PMC5814514 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Media stories often suggest that those working in the creative arts appear to use and abuse psychoactive substances. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the use of psychoactive substances and the presence of psychological disorders among art and non-art students. Questionnaires related to these two areas were completed by 182 art students in higher education and a control group of 704 non-art university students. To assess psychoactive substance use, a structured questionnaire including the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was administered to participants. Psychological disorders were assessed using the Hungarian version of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Global Severity Index (GSI). After analyzing the data, significant differences were found between the two groups regarding their first use of psychoactive substances. Art students' current substance use was found to be significantly more frequent compared to the control group. In relation to psychological disorders, art students scored significantly higher on three scales of the BSI (i.e., psychoticism, hostility, and phobic anxiety). Overall, a significantly higher proportion of artists were labeled as "problematic" using the GSI. The results suggest that artists have a higher risk of both substance use and experiencing psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Iszáj
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, 1064 Hungary
| | - Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, 1064 Hungary.,2Department of Addictology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Nyírő Gyula Hospital, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, 1064 Hungary.,Nyírő Gyula Hospital, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, 1064 Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- 4Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- 5Psychology Department, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- 1Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, 1064 Hungary
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Lee KH, Qiu M, Sun J. Current practice in provision of alcohol assessment and support for patients following alcohol related facial fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:S2212-4403(18)30056-7. [PMID: 29506915 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The algorithm for maxillofacial trauma management is well defined; however, provision of alcohol assessment for patients after trauma is not widely practiced. This study aims to investigate the rate of alcohol assessment achieved within the demographic characteristics of patients with facial trauma and the circumstances where this intervention was implemented. STUDY DESIGN This study retrospectively examined the Victorian Admitted Episodes Data Set (VAED) from 2004 to 2013. RESULTS Of a total of 54,730 presentations with facial fractures to all Victorian hospitals, 0.9% in the non-alcohol-involved group and 4.3% in the alcohol-involved group received alcohol assessment during their inpatient stay (P < .001). Among patients with alcohol involvement, the likelihood of assessment was significantly different with regard to length of stay, age, trauma mechanism, and gender. Positive blood alcohol test did not relate to probability of assessment. Those with acute alcohol intoxication were less likely to be assessed (P < .001), whereas those with harmful alcohol use, alcohol dependence, or alcohol withdrawal state were much more likely to be assessed (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study found no consistent practice of alcohol support to patients following alcohol-related facial fractures. Post-trauma alcohol support may optimize perioperative management of patients and education regarding alcohol harm and may reduce future trauma risk. Development and refinement of such practice is an area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai H Lee
- Consultant Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Jiandong Sun
- Adjunct Research Fellow, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, Australia
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Differential determination of perceived stress in medical students and high-school graduates due to private and training-related stressors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191831. [PMID: 29385180 PMCID: PMC5792003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies from diverse contexts have confirmed high stress levels and stress-associated health impairment in medical students. This study aimed to explore the differential association of perceived stress with private and training-related stressors in medical students according to their stage of medical education. METHODS Participants were high-school graduates who plan to study medicine and students in their first, third, sixth, or ninth semester of medical school or in practical medical training. The self-administered questionnaire included items addressing demographic information, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and items addressing potential private and training-related stressors. RESULTS Results confirmed a substantial burden of perceived stress in students at different stages of their medical education. In particular, 10-28% of students in their third or ninth semesters of medical school showed the highest values for perceived stress. Training-related stressors were most strongly associated with perceived stress, although specific stressors that determined perceived stress varied across different stages of students' medical education. High-school graduates highly interested in pursuing medical education showed specific stressors similar to those of medical students in their third, sixth, or ninth semesters of medical school, as well as stress structures with heights of general stress rates similar to those of medical students at the beginning of practical medical training. CONCLUSIONS High-school graduates offer new, interesting information about students' fears and needs before they begin medical school. Medical students and high-school graduates need open, comprehensive information about possible stressors at the outset of and during medical education. Programmes geared toward improving resilience behaviour and teaching new, functional coping strategies are recommended.
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Song KW, Choi WS, Jee HJ, Yuh CS, Kim YK, Kim L, Lee HJ, Cho CH. Correlation of occupational stress with depression, anxiety, and sleep in Korean dentists: cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:398. [PMID: 29233107 PMCID: PMC5727861 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the degree of occupational stress and the clinical mental state of dentists. In addition, we investigated the correlation of occupational stress with depression, anxiety, and sleep among dentists in Korea. METHODS A cross-sectional survey on 231 dentists was conducted using the Doctor Job Stress Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Correlation of occupational stress with mental health was investigated by adjusted multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The scores of CES-D, STAI, and PSQI revealed a significant correlation with the Doctor Job Stress Scale (t = 3.93, P < 0.0001; t = 4.05, P < 0.0001; t = 4.18, P < 0.0001, respectively). In particular, patient factors and clinical responsibility/judgment factors were significantly associated with depression (t = 2.80, P = 0.0056; t = 4.93, P < 0.0001, respectively), anxiety (t = 2.35, P = 0.0195; t = 5.11, P < 0.0001, respectively), and sleep (t = 3.78, P = 0.0002; t = 4.30, P < 0.0001, respectively), whereas work factors were not associated with any mental health state. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that dentists as professions experience more severe mental states. For successful mental health care among dentists, stress management focusing on interpersonal relationship with patients and responsibility as an expert rather than the intensity of work should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Song
- 0000 0001 0705 4288grid.411982.7Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Choi
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Jee
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Sung Yuh
- 0000 0004 0470 5454grid.15444.30Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Leen Kim
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kiepek N, Baron JL. Use of substances among professionals and students of professional programs: a review of the literature. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2017.1375080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Kiepek
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jonnie-Lyn Baron
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Lamberti M, Napolitano F, Napolitano P, Arnese A, Crispino V, Panariello G, Di Giuseppe G. Prevalence of alcohol use disorders among under- and post-graduate healthcare students in Italy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175719. [PMID: 28437428 PMCID: PMC5402935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 641 medical students, 359 students attending a degree course in the healthcare professions, and 500 resident physicians, all undergoing health surveillance at the ambulatory of the Division of Occupational Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy. 76.1% of the participants drank alcohol, with 85.5% of medical students, 77.4% of resident physicians, and 63% of healthcare-professions students reporting regular alcohol use. In the whole sample, the mean Audit-C score was 1.6 for men and 1.1 for women; only 5.5% of men and 7.1% of women had a hazardous alcohol consumption with an Audit-C score of respectively ≥4 and ≥3. Multivariate regression modeling revealed that regular alcohol use was more likely in individuals who were men, were younger, had a lower body-mass index, were active smokers, were habitual coffee drinkers, and who were resident physicians or medical students rather than healthcare-professions students. This finding identifies a need to assess alcohol use in medical-profession workers in order to identify risky behavior early on and to carry out rapidly effective preventive and curative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lamberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Napolitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Arnese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Crispino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianclaudio Panariello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Giuseppe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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The legal and moral perceptions of clinical and non-clinical undergraduates regarding substance use: a pilot project. Br Dent J 2017; 222:198-204. [PMID: 28184070 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Heavy alcohol and illicit drug use has been documented amongst medical and dental professionals and educational programs have been developed to attempt to reduce such behaviour in clinical undergraduates. This pilot study aims to investigate the legal and moral perceptions of substance use in clinical and non-clinical undergraduates.Method A cross-sectional self-report questionnaire was administered to 107 clinical and non-clinical undergraduates to investigate their moral and legal perceptions of alcohol and illicit substance use.Results More clinical (72.5%) than non-clinical students (66%) drink alcohol regularly. Both groups perceive ecstasy, cocaine and ketamine as 'high risk' drugs. A third of both clinical (34%) and non-clinical (36%) students support the legalisation of illicit drugs. Forty-seven percent of non-clinical students would consider changing their behaviour if illicit substances were legalised compared to 32% of clinical students. Clinical students believe the legal punishment for Class A drugs is appropriate, but disagree with that for Class C drug use. Personal values of clinical students differ regarding some immoral activities. Social perceptions of illicit substance users are similar for both clinical and non-clinical students with those who use heroin perceived most negatively by 86.5% of all undergraduates.Conclusion Individual substance use behaviours may be influenced by legal perceptions of illicit substance use. Personal values and social norms are also likely to be important. Further research is required to investigate how these perceptions affect a clinical student's decision to participate in excessive alcohol and illicit substance use behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Francis Adams
- University Counseling Service; University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Social Sciences and Business Division; Eureka College
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Dawson BFY, Thompson NJ. The Effect of Personality on Occupational Stress in Veterinary Surgeons. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 44:72-83. [PMID: 28206844 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0116-020r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Statistics show that veterinary surgeons are in one of the professions with the highest suicide rates. This indicates the sector has significant well-being issues, with high levels of occupational stress and burnout. Previous research has focused on environmental factors in isolation, overlooking the influence of personality. This study aimed to establish that personality is a better predictor of occupational stress than environment. UK veterinary surgeons (n=311) completed an online survey composed of three questionnaires; the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Job Stress Survey. Multiple regression analysis revealed that personality is a better predictor of occupational stress than environment (p<.001). Neuroticism is the trait that significantly predicts occupational stress (p<.001), and the components of neuroticism that contribute the most to stress are depression (p=.002) and anger hostility (p=.005). Demographic factors such as the number of years the veterinarian has been qualified acted as a mediator between depression and occupational stress (p<.001), and as a moderator between personal accomplishments and occupational stress (p=.028). Overall findings suggest that newly qualified veterinarians are at greater risk of suffering from high levels of occupational stress than those well established in the profession, and that veterinarians with higher levels of depression and anger hostility are likely to experience greater levels of occupational stress. Implications highlight the need for greater awareness of potentially susceptible personality traits in the veterinary admissions process. This would allow for the identification of those at risk and the implementation of interventions.
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Pouradeli S, Shahravan A, Eskandarizdeh A, Rafie F, Hashemipour MA. Occupational Stress and Coping Behaviours Among Dentists in Kerman, Iran. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2016; 16:e341-6. [PMID: 27606115 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.16.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recognising causes of stress can help prevent associated adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate causes of occupational stress and coping behaviours among general dentists in Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out from April to December 2014. A modified version of the Occupational Stress Indicator questionnaire was used to assess causes of stress and coping behaviours among 142 general dentists in Kerman, Iran. RESULTS A total of 93 dentists participated in the study (response rate: 65.5%). Of these, 58.9% reported often being stressed. The mean general stress score was 63.33 ± 19.99. The most common causes of stress were maintaining high levels of concentration while working (65.6%), time pressures (64.5%), concern over their ability to deliver dental services in future (60.2%) and rising costs (59.1%). No significant relationships between stress and gender, age, workplace or working hours per week were noted (P >0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between general stress scores and years of job experience (P = 0.05) and number of patients treated daily (P = 0.03). The most common methods for coping with stress were resting (71.0%), sports (45.2%) and entertainment (43.0%). Most dentists felt that stress management courses could help to reduce stress (89.7%). CONCLUSION General dentists in Kerman were subject to many sources of stress in their workplaces, with significant relationships between stress scores and years of work experience and number of patients treated daily. Dentists should be encouraged to participate in stress management courses to help alleviate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Pouradeli
- Oral & Dental Diseases Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arash Shahravan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Eskandarizdeh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Forozan Rafie
- Oral & Dental Diseases Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam A Hashemipour
- Oral & Dental Diseases Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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