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Lee H, Nguyen Hoang AT, Lee SJ. Ginsenoside protopanaxadiol protects adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells from chloroquine by modulating autophagy and apoptosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274763. [PMID: 36454967 PMCID: PMC9714852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine often causes serious eye and vision problems, which are mainly mediated by lysosomotropic alteration. In this study, we investigated whether the ginsenoside protopanaxadiol relieves chloroquine-induced retinopathy by restoring lysosomotropic abnormalities in human adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Morphological alterations in autophagosomes of adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells was detected using confocal microscopy. Apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry, whereas cellular reactive oxygen species levels were determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2'-7'-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate. Lysosomal function was assessed by measuring lysosomal pH and enzyme activity. Immunoprecipitation and western blotting analyses were performed. Adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells accumulated autophagosomes with fusion defects in lysosomes and reactive oxygen species formation following exposure to chloroquine. This effect trapped Beclin-1 and B-cell lymphoma 2 interfering with autophagy initiation and autophagosome development. Protopanaxadiol alleviated chloroquine-induced toxicity by modulating the interaction between Beclin-1 and Bcl-2, which was mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signal axis. Furthermore, autophagy and apoptosis were simultaneously controlled by protopanaxadiol via upregulation of autophagy flux and decreased reactive oxygen species formation and apoptotic protein expression. These findings suggest that protopanaxadiol is a promising treatment strategy for chloroquine-mediated retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesung Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Thu Nguyen Hoang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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2
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Gunár K, Kotrchová L, Filipová M, Krunclová T, Dydowiczová A, Pola R, Randárová E, Etrych T, Janoušková O. The transmission and toxicity of polymer-bound doxorubicin-containing exosomes derived from human adenocarcinoma cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1307-1322. [PMID: 36255034 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the ability to encapsulate bioactive molecules, such as therapeutics. This study identified a new exosome mediated route of doxorubicin and poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (pHPMA)-bound doxorubicin trafficking in the tumor mass. Materials & methods: Exosome loading was achieved via incubation of the therapeutics with an adherent human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and its derived spheroids. Exosomes were characterized using HPLC, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting. Results: The therapeutics were successfully loaded into exosomes. Spheroids secreted significantly more exosomes than adherent cells and showed decreased viability after treatment with therapeutic-loaded exosomes, which confirmed successful transmission. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of pHPMA-drug conjugate secretion by extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Gunár
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kotrchová
- Department of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Krunclová
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Dydowiczová
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Pola
- Department of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Randárová
- Department of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Department of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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3
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COVID-19 outbreak. CORONAVIRUS DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9217691 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85156-5.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Prabhakara C, Godbole R, Sil P, Jahnavi S, Gulzar SEJ, van Zanten TS, Sheth D, Subhash N, Chandra A, Shivaraj A, Panikulam P, U I, Nuthakki VK, Puthiyapurayil TP, Ahmed R, Najar AH, Lingamallu SM, Das S, Mahajan B, Vemula P, Bharate SB, Singh PP, Vishwakarma R, Guha A, Sundaramurthy V, Mayor S. Strategies to target SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection using dual mechanisms of inhibition by acidification inhibitors. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009706. [PMID: 34252168 PMCID: PMC8297935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses utilize the host endo-lysosomal network for infection. Tracing the endocytic itinerary of SARS-CoV-2 can provide insights into viral trafficking and aid in designing new therapeutic strategies. Here, we demonstrate that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is internalized via the pH-dependent CLIC/GEEC (CG) endocytic pathway in human gastric-adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells expressing undetectable levels of ACE2. Ectopic expression of ACE2 (AGS-ACE2) results in RBD traffic via both CG and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Endosomal acidification inhibitors like BafilomycinA1 and NH4Cl, which inhibit the CG pathway, reduce the uptake of RBD and impede Spike-pseudoviral infection in both AGS and AGS-ACE2 cells. The inhibition by BafilomycinA1 was found to be distinct from Chloroquine which neither affects RBD uptake nor alters endosomal pH, yet attenuates Spike-pseudovirus entry. By screening a subset of FDA-approved inhibitors for functionality similar to BafilomycinA1, we identified Niclosamide as a SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Further validation using a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 in AGS-ACE2 and Vero cells confirmed its antiviral effect. We propose that Niclosamide, and other drugs which neutralize endosomal pH as well as inhibit the endocytic uptake, could provide broader applicability in subverting infection of viruses entering host cells via a pH-dependent endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmi Godbole
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
- University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, India
| | - Parijat Sil
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sowmya Jahnavi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
| | - Shah-e-Jahan Gulzar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
- SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Dhruv Sheth
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
| | - Neeraja Subhash
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
- SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Anchal Chandra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - Ibrahim U
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - Riyaz Ahmed
- CSIR—Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | | | - Sai Manoz Lingamallu
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inSTEM), Bengaluru, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Snigdhadev Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Praveen Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inSTEM), Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | | | - Arjun Guha
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inSTEM), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bengaluru, India
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5
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Dos Reis SB, de Oliveira Silva J, Garcia-Fossa F, Leite EA, Malachias A, Pound-Lana G, Mosqueira VCF, Oliveira MC, de Barros ALB, de Jesus MB. Mechanistic insights into the intracellular release of doxorubicin from pH-sensitive liposomes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:110952. [PMID: 33348307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
pH-sensitive liposomes are interesting carriers for drug-delivery, undertaking rapid bilayer destabilization in response to pH changes, allied to tumor accumulation, a desirable behavior in the treatment of cancer cells. Previously, we have shown that pH-sensitive liposomes accumulate in tumor tissues of mice, in which an acidic environment accelerates drug delivery. Ultimately, these formulations can be internalized by tumor cells and take the endosome-lysosomal route. However, the mechanism of doxorubicin release and intracellular traffic of pH-sensitive liposomes remains unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the intracellular release of doxorubicin from pH-sensitive liposomes, we followed HeLa cells viability, internalization, intracellular trafficking, and doxorubicin's intracellular delivery mechanisms from pH-sensitive (SpHL-DOX) and non-pH-sensitive (nSpHL-DOX) formulations. We found that SpHL-DOX has faster internalization kinetics and intracellular release of doxorubicin, followed by strong nuclear accumulation compared to nSpHL-DOX. The increased nuclear accumulation led to the activation of cleaved caspase-3, which efficiently induced apoptosis. Remarkably, we found that chloroquine and E64d enhanced the cytotoxicity of SpHL-DOX. This knowledge is paramount to improve the efficiency of pH-sensitive liposomes or to be used as a rational strategy for developing new formulations to be applied in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Bonesso Dos Reis
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab., Department Biochemistry & Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Garcia-Fossa
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab., Department Biochemistry & Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Amaral Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelo Malachias
- Physics Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gwenaelle Pound-Lana
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology (LDGNano), Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology (LDGNano), Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab., Department Biochemistry & Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Thomas M, Davis T, Nell T, Sishi B, Engelbrecht AM. Amino Acid Starvation Sensitizes Resistant Breast Cancer to Doxorubicin-Induced Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:565915. [PMID: 33178685 PMCID: PMC7593593 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.565915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinical trials are beginning to assess the effectiveness of compounds known to regulate autophagy in patients receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy. However, autophagy inhibition, through exogenous inhibitors, or activation, through starvation, has revealed conflicting roles in cancer management and chemotherapeutic outcome. This study aimed to assess the effect of amino acid starvation on doxorubicin-treated breast cancer cells by assessing the roles of autophagy and apoptosis. An in vitro breast cancer model consisting of the normal breast epithelial MCF12A and the metastatic breast cancer MDAMB231 cells was used. Apoptotic and autophagic parameters were assessed following doxorubicin treatments, alone or in combination with bafilomycin, ATG5 siRNA or amino acid starvation. Inhibition of autophagy, through ATG5 siRNA or bafilomycin treatment, increased caspase activity and intracellular doxorubicin concentrations in MCF12A and MDAMB231 cells during doxorubicin treatment. While amino acid starvation increased autophagic activity and decreased caspase activity and intracellular doxorubicin concentrations in MCF12A cells, no changes in autophagic parameters or caspase activity were observed in MDAMB231 cells. Our in vivo data showed that 24 h protein starvation during high dose doxorubicin treatment resulted in increased survival of tumor-bearing GFP-LC3 mice. Results from this study suggest that short term starvation during doxorubicin chemotherapy may be a realistic avenue for adjuvant therapy, especially with regards to the protection of non-cancerous cells. More research is however, needed to fully understand the regulation of autophagic flux during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tanja Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Balindiwe Sishi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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7
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Figueroa-Lozano S, Valk-Weeber RL, Akkerman R, Abdulahad W, van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L, de Vos P. Inhibitory Effects of Dietary N-Glycans From Bovine Lactoferrin on Toll-Like Receptor 8; Comparing Efficacy With Chloroquine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32477333 PMCID: PMC7235371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR-8) plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and associated gastrointestinal symptoms that reduce quality of life of patients. Dietary interventions are becoming more accepted as mean to manage onset, progression, and treatment of a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions. In this study, we assessed the impact of N-glycans derived from bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the inhibition of TLR-8 activation. We investigated the effects of N-glycans in their native form, as well as in its partially demannosylated and partially desialylated form, on HEK293 cells expressing TLR-8, and in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). We found that in HEK293 cells, N-glycans strongly inhibited the ssRNA40 induced TLR-8 activation but to a lesser extent the R848 induced TLR-8 activation. The impact was compared with a pharmaceutical agent, i.e., chloroquine (CQN), that is clinically applied to antagonize endosomal TLR- activation. Inhibitory effects of the N-glycans were not influenced by the partially demannosylated or partially desialylated N-glycans. As the difference in charge of the N-glycans did not influence the inhibition capacity of TLR-8, it is possible that the inhibition mediated by the N-glycans is a result of a direct interaction with the receptor rather than a result of pH changes in the endosome. The inhibition of TLR-8 in MoDCs resulted in a significant decrease of IL-6 when cells were treated with the unmodified (0.5-fold, p < 0.0001), partially demannosylated (0.3-fold, p < 0.0001) and partially desialylated (0.4-fold, p < 0.0001) N-glycans. Furthermore, the partially demannosylated and partially desialylated N-glycans showed stronger inhibition of IL-6 production compared with the native N-glycans. This provides evidence that glycan composition plays a role in the immunomodulatory activity of the isolated N-glycans from bLF on MoDCs. Compared to CQN, the N-glycans are specific inhibitors of TLR-8 activation and of IL-6 production in MoDCs. Our findings demonstrate that isolated N-glycans from bLF have attenuating effects on TLR-8 induced immune activation in HEK293 cells and human MoDCs. The inhibitory capacity of N-glycans isolated from bLF onTLR-8 activation may become a food-based strategy to manage autoimmune, infections or other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Figueroa-Lozano
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rivca L Valk-Weeber
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Renate Akkerman
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wayel Abdulahad
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M. Synergy between Photodynamic Therapy and Dactinomycin Chemotherapy in 2D and 3D Ovarian Cancer Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3203. [PMID: 32366058 PMCID: PMC7247344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the efficacy of combining low dose photodynamic therapy using a porphyrin photosensitiser and dactinomycin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. The studies were carried out on compressed collagen 3D constructs of two human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) versus their monolayer counterparts. An amphiphilc photosensitiser was employed, disulfonated tetraphenylporphine, which is not a substrate for ABC efflux transporters that can mediate drug resistance. The combination treatment was shown to be effective in both monolayer and 3D constructs of both cell lines, causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability. Compared to dactinomycin alone or PDT alone, higher cell kill was found using 2D monolayer culture vs. 3D culture for the same doses. In 3D culture, the combination therapy resulted in 10 and 22 times higher cell kill in SKOV3 and HEY cells at the highest light dose compared to dactinomycin monotherapy, and 2.2 and 5.5 times higher cell kill than PDT alone. The combination of low dose PDT and dactinomycin appears to be a promising way to repurpose dactinomycin and widen its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
| | | | | | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
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Lu ZN, Shi ZY, Dang YF, Cheng YN, Guan YH, Hao ZJ, Tian B, He HW, Guo XL. Pantoprazole pretreatment elevates sensitivity to vincristine in drug-resistant oral epidermoid carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109478. [PMID: 31568987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with oral cancer. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), essentially H+-K+-ATPase inhibitors which are currently used in the treatment of acid related diseases, have demonstrated promising antitumor and chemo-sensitizing efficacy. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether pantoprazole (PPZ, one of PPIs) could increase the sensitivity of chemoresistant oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB/V) to vincristine (VCR) and elucidate the underlying action mechanism. Results showed that combination treatment of PPZ and VCR synergistically inhibited the proliferation of KB/V cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, administration of PPZ and VCR not only induce apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in KB/V cells but also suppress the migration and invasion of KB/V cells. The mechanism underlying synergistic anti-tumor effect of PPZ and VCR was related to the inhibition of the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the down-regulation of EGFR/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in KB/V cells. Additionally, we observed that PPZ treatment induced an increase in lysosomal pH and inhibited the activity of lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase in KB/V cells, which could functionally reduce the sequestration of VCR in lysosomes and sensitized KB/V cells to VCR. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PPZ could be included in new combined therapy of human oral cancer (especially on VCR-resistant therapy) together with VCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yi-Fan Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan-Na Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan-Hui Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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10
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Florczak A, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Cellular uptake, intracellular distribution and degradation of Her2-targeting silk nanospheres. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6855-6865. [PMID: 32021156 PMCID: PMC6716583 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of nanocarrier technology has attracted great interest in the last decade. Biodegradable spheres made of functionalized silk have considerable potential to be used as drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. A targeting ligand displayed at the surface of a carrier, with a specific affinity towards a particular receptor, can further enhance the accumulation and uptake of nanoparticles at the site of a tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hybrid constructs were obtained by adding a Her2-binding peptide (H2.1) to MS1 and MS2 bioengineered silks based on the MaSp1 and MaSp2 proteins from N. clavipes, respectively. The H2.1MS1 and H2.1MS2 proteins were blended at a weight ratio of 8:2. Stable silk particles were formed by mixing a soluble protein with potassium phosphate using a micromixing technique. We used specific inhibitors of endocytosis to determine the cellular uptake pathway of the silk nanoparticles in human Her2-positive breast cancer cells. The subcellular distribution of silk particles was investigated by evaluating the signal colocalization with organelle-specific tracker. Moreover, lysosomal and exosomal inhibitors were implemented to evaluate their impact on the silk spheres behavior and degradation. RESULTS The functionalized spheres were specifically taken up by Her2-positive cancer cells. Silk particles facilitated the entry into cells through both the clathrin- and caveola-dependent pathways of endocytosis. Upon entering the cells, the particles accumulated in the lysosomes, where intracellular degradation occurred. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated directly that the lysosomal function was essential for silk-based carrier elimination. The degradation of the carrier is of great importance to develop an optimal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Florczak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan60-806, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan61-866, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan60-806, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan61-866, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan60-806, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan61-866, Poland
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11
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Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. Overcoming transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer: failures and achievements of the last decades. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:379-393. [PMID: 30194528 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex phenomenon caused by numerous reasons in cancer chemotherapy. It is related to the abnormal tumor metabolism, precisely increased glycolysis and lactic acid production, extracellular acidification, and drug efflux caused by transport proteins. There are few strategies to increase drug delivery into cancer cells. One of them is the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases or certain proton transporters that increase extracellular acidity by proton extrusion from the cells. This prevents weakly basic chemotherapeutic drugs from ionization and increases their penetration through the cancer cell membrane. Another approach is the inhibition of MDR proteins that pump the anticancer agents into the extracellular milieu and decrease their intracellular concentration. Physical methods, such as ultrasound-mediated sonoporation, are being developed, as well. To increase the efficacy of sonoporation, various microbubbles are used. Ultrasound causes microbubble cavitation, i.e., periodical pulsation of the microbubble, and destruction which results in formation of temporary pores in the cellular membrane and increased permeabilization to drug molecules. This review summarizes the main approaches to reverse MDR related to the drug penetration along with its applications in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania. .,Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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12
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Wang L, Pei J, Cong Z, Zou Y, Sun T, Davitt F, Garcia-Gil A, Holmes JD, O'Driscoll CM, Rahme K, Guo J. Development of anisamide-targeted PEGylated gold nanorods to deliver epirubicin for chemo-photothermal therapy in tumor-bearing mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1817-1833. [PMID: 30880982 PMCID: PMC6413758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s192520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold nanorods (AuNRs), due to the optical and electronic properties namely the surface plasma resonance, have been developed to achieve the light-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer. However, PTT alone may suffer from inefficient tumor killing. Recently, the combination of PTT and chemotherapy has been utilized to achieve synergistic anticancer effects. METHODS In this study, AuNRs capped with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and PEGylated anisamide (a ligand known to target the sigma receptor) have been developed to produce a range of negatively charged anisamide-targeted PEGylated AuNRs (namely Au-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA) for the combination of PTT and chemotherapy (termed as chemo-photothermal therapy [CPTT]). Epirubicin (EPI, an anthracycline drug) was efficiently loaded onto the surface of Au800-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA via the electrostatic interaction forming Au800-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA.EPI complex. RESULTS The resultant complex demonstrated pH-dependent drug release, facilitated nucleus trafficking of EPI, and induced antiproliferative effects in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. When Au800-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA.EPI complex was further stimulated with desired laser irradiation, the synergistic outcome was evident in PC-3 xenograft mice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a promising strategy for clinical application of CPTT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of FAW, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Jin Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
| | - Zhongcheng Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fionán Davitt
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrià Garcia-Gil
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kamil Rahme
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Notre Dame University (Louaize), Zouk Mosbeh 1200, Lebanon
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
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13
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Kanchanapally R, Deshmukh SK, Chavva SR, Tyagi N, Srivastava SK, Patel GK, Singh AP, Singh S. Drug-loaded exosomal preparations from different cell types exhibit distinctive loading capability, yield, and antitumor efficacies: a comparative analysis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:531-541. [PMID: 30666112 PMCID: PMC6333392 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s191313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite tremendous advancement, cancer still remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Inefficiency of current drug delivery regimens is one important factor that limits the therapeutic efficacy of existing drugs, thus contributing to cancer mortality. To address this limitation, synthetic nanotechnology-based delivery systems have been developed; however, they raise concern of inducing adverse immunogenic reactions. Exosomes (Exos) are nonimmunogenic nanosized vesicles that have received significant attention as efficient drug delivery system. Methods Drug loading in Exos were achieved by incubating different cell types viz pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs), pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and macrophages (MØs) with Doxorubicin (DOX). Differential ultracentrifugation was performed to isolate exosome and their size was determined by dynamic light scattering analysis. The efficacy of drug packaging into Exos was evaluated by HPLC. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the apoptosis. Cell viability was determined using the WST-1 assay. Results PCCs shed the most Exos and were the most efficient in drug loading followed by MØs and PSCs as examined by HPLC quantification. However, when compared for antitumor efficacy, MØ-derived Exos loaded with DOX (MØ-Exo-DOX) showed highest activity followed by PSCs and PCCs. Conclusion These varying antitumor activities likely resulted from nondrug contents of Exos since we did not observe any significant differences in their uptake by the cancer cells. Altogether, our data suggest that donor cell-specific differences exist in Exos, which could influence their utility as drug carrier for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekhar Kanchanapally
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem
| | - Sachin Kumar Deshmukh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem
| | - Suhash Reddy Chavva
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem
| | - Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA, ; seem
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA, ; seem.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA, ; seem
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14
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Zhang X, Ding K, Wang J, Li X, Zhao P. Chemoresistance caused by the microenvironment of glioblastoma and the corresponding solutions. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:39-46. [PMID: 30391707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary human brain tumor. Although comprehensive therapies combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery can prolong survival, the prognosis is still poor with a median survival of only 14.6 months. Chemoresistance is one of the major causes of relapse as well as poor survival in glioma patients. Therefore, novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance are desperately needed for improved treatment of human GBM. Recent studies have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in the chemoresistance of various tumor types, which makes it a suitable target in anti-cancer therapies, as well as a valuable biomarker for prognostic purposes. This review focuses on chemoresistance in GBM induced by stromal cells, including the endothelium of blood vessels, astrocytes, and myeloid cells, as well as non-cellular factors in the tumor microenvironment. Corresponding therapies are discussed, including progressive strategies involving 3-dimensional models integrating engineering as well as biological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, PR China
| | - Kaikai Ding
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, PR China; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, PR China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, PR China.
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15
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Zhu Y, Meng T, Tan Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Yu F, Wen L, Dai S, Yuan H, Hu F. Negative Surface Shielded Polymeric Micelles with Colloidal Stability for Intracellular Endosomal/Lysosomal Escape. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5374-5386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan 316021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan 316021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangying Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suhuan Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan 316021, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Kolb-Lenz D, Fuchs R, Lohberger B, Heitzer E, Meditz K, Pernitsch D, Pritz E, Groselj-Strele A, Leithner A, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Rinner B. Characterization of the endolysosomal system in human chordoma cell lines: is there a role of lysosomes in chemoresistance of this rare bone tumor? Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:83-92. [PMID: 29725750 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare tumor of the bone derived from remnants of the notochord with pronounced chemoresistance. A common feature of the notochord and chordoma cells is distinct vacuolization. Recently, the notochord vacuole was described as a lysosome-related organelle. Since lysosomes are considered as mediators of drug resistance in cancer, we were interested whether they may also play a role in chemoresistance of chordoma. We characterized the lysosomal compartment in chordoma cell lines by cytochemistry, electron microscopy (ELMI) and mutational analysis of genes essential for the physiology of lysosomes. Furthermore, we tested for the first time the cytotoxicity of chloroquine, which targets lysosomes, on chordoma. Cytochemical stainings clearly demonstrated a huge mass of lysosomes in chordoma cell lines with perinuclear accumulation. Also vacuoles in chordoma cells were positive for the lysosomal marker LAMP1 but showed no acidic pH. Genetic analysis detected no apparent mutation associated with known lysosomal pathologies suggesting that vacuolization and the huge lysosomal mass of chordoma cell lines is rather a relict of the notochord than a result of transformation. ELMI investigation of chordoma cells confirmed the presence of large vacuoles, lysosomes and autophagosomes with heterogeneous ultrastructure embedded in glycogen. Interestingly, chordoma cells seem to mobilize cellular glycogen stores via autophagy. Our first preclinical data suggested no therapeutically benefit of chloroquine for chordoma. Even though, chordoma cells are crammed with lysosomes which are according to their discoverer de Duve "cellular suicide bags". Destabilizing these "suicide bags" might be a promising strategy for the treatment of chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Kolb-Lenz
- Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Chair of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Fuchs
- Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Meditz
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominique Pernitsch
- Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pritz
- Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Groselj-Strele
- Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8010, Graz, Austria
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17
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Ali S, Muhammad S, Khurshid A, Ikram M, Maqsood M, Fisher C, Cathcart J, Lilge L. Effective phthalocyanines mediated photodynamic therapy with doxorubicin or methotrexate combination therapy at sub-micromolar concentrations in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:51-64. [PMID: 29476826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve a cancer patient's quality of life, short treatment duration resulting in rapid tumour removal while sparing normal tissue are highly desirable. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) commonly applied in a single treatment, while often effective can be limited at low photosensitizer or light doses. Combination therapies can overcome the efficacy limitations while not increasing treatment-associated morbidity. Here the efficacy of combination therapy comprised of doxorubicin (DOX) or methotrexate (MTX) with Photosens mediated PDT was investigated in three cell lines in vitro, employing multiple incubation sequences. Photosense is a mixture of aluminium phthalocyanines with different sulfonation. The results demonstrated higher synergistic effects when DOX or MTX-mediated chemotherapy preceded PDT light activation by 24 h. MTX is marginally more cytotoxic than DOX, when combined with Photosens (AlPcS2-4) mediated PDT. While MTX and DOX exposure prior to AlPcS2-4 incubation may enhance mitochondrial localisation photosensitizer, the simultaneous targeting of DNA, proteins, and lipids of the combination therapies leads to the observed high cytotoxicity at sub μM drug doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan; Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Saleh Muhammad
- Department of Physics, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmat Khurshid
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Ikram
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maqsood
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Carl Fisher
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Judy Cathcart
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility at University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.
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18
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Verbaanderd C, Maes H, Schaaf MB, Sukhatme VP, Pantziarka P, Sukhatme V, Agostinis P, Bouche G. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as anti-cancer agents. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:781. [PMID: 29225688 PMCID: PMC5718030 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are well-known 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents. Scientific evidence also supports the use of CQ and HCQ in the treatment of cancer. Overall, preclinical studies support CQ and HCQ use in anti-cancer therapy, especially in combination with conventional anti-cancer treatments since they are able to sensitise tumour cells to a variety of drugs, potentiating the therapeutic activity. Thus far, clinical results are mostly in favour of the repurposing of CQ. However, over 30 clinical studies are still evaluating the activity of both CQ and HCQ in different cancer types and in combination with various standard treatments. Interestingly, CQ and HCQ exert effects both on cancer cells and on the tumour microenvironment. In addition to inhibition of the autophagic flux, which is the most studied anti-cancer effect of CQ and HCQ, these drugs affect the Toll-like receptor 9, p53 and CXCR4-CXCL12 pathway in cancer cells. In the tumour stroma, CQ was shown to affect the tumour vasculature, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the immune system. The evidence reviewed in this paper indicates that both CQ and HCQ deserve further clinical investigations in several cancer types. Special attention about the drug (CQ versus HCQ), the dose and the schedule of administration should be taken in the design of new trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciska Verbaanderd
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.,Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Maes
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco B Schaaf
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vikas P Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc, Newton, MA 02459, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Current address: Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.,The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
| | | | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhu J, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Zhu J, Sun H. Low concentration of chloroquine enhanced efficacy of cisplatin in the treatment of human ovarian cancer dependent on autophagy. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4046-4058. [PMID: 28979680 PMCID: PMC5622249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a common used anti-tumor drug in ovarian cancer therapy with potent effect. Studies have reported that autophagy works as a cell-survival process in cancer, chloroquine has been added to various chemotherapeutic drugs. In the current study, we aim to evaluate whether chloroquine can enhance the effects of cisplatin in treating ovarian cancer. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Transwell assay was used to examine cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry assay was applied to evaluate cell apoptosis. Western-blot assay was used to detect proteins related to apoptosis, autophagy and the AKT/mTOR pathway. RESULTS In the current study, we showed that low concentration of chloroquine alone did not affect cell viability, migration or invasion, but it could enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in inhibiting cell viability, migration and invasion in both SKOV3 and hey cells. Afterwards, we observed that cisplatin triggered apoptosis and autophagy in both SKOV3 and hey cells in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment of cisplatin, SKOV3 and hey cells showed increased apoptotic rate in flow cytometry assay, increased protein levels of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP and Bax, and decreased protein levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Cisplatin also induced the formation of autophagosomes and increased autophagy-related proteins ATG 5, ATG 7, Beclin 1 and LC3B II/LC3B I. Meanwhile, cisplatin activated the AKT-mTOR pathway in both SKOV3 and hey cells. Next, chloroquine was added to ovarian cancer cells, flow cytometry assay revealed that chloroquine alone did not affect cell apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, while chloroquine plus cisplatin induced more apoptotic rate than cisplatin alone (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, apoptosis-related proteins had the same change trend. In vivo experiment demonstrated that chloroquine plus cisplatin was more effective than cisplatin alone in suppressing the growth of xenograft tumors, with lower ki-67 expression and higher cleaved caspase 3 expression. CONCLUSION Based on our study, we propose that cisplatin activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which subsequently induces cytoprotective autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of autophagy via chloroquine enhances the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: To Survive, Keep Your Enemies Closer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071586. [PMID: 28754000 PMCID: PMC5536073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer and it continues to be a challenge in cancer treatment. Chemoresistance is influenced by genetic and epigenetic alterations which affect drug uptake, metabolism and export of drugs at the cellular levels. While most research has focused on tumor cell autonomous mechanisms of chemoresistance, the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a key player in the development of chemoresistance and in malignant progression, thereby influencing the development of novel therapies in clinical oncology. It is not surprising that the study of the tumor microenvironment is now considered to be as important as the study of tumor cells. Recent advances in technological and analytical methods, especially ‘omics’ technologies, has made it possible to identify specific targets in tumor cells and within the tumor microenvironment to eradicate cancer. Tumors need constant support from previously ‘unsupportive’ microenvironments. Novel therapeutic strategies that inhibit such microenvironmental support to tumor cells would reduce chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Such strategies can target stromal cells, proteins released by stromal cells and non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tumor microenvironment. Novel in vitro tumor biology models that recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment such as multicellular tumor spheroids, biomimetic scaffolds and tumor organoids are being developed and are increasing our understanding of cancer cell-microenvironment interactions. This review offers an analysis of recent developments on the role of the tumor microenvironment in the development of chemoresistance and the strategies to overcome microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance. We propose a systematic analysis of the relationship between tumor cells and their respective tumor microenvironments and our data show that, to survive, cancer cells interact closely with tumor microenvironment components such as mesenchymal stem cells and the extracellular matrix.
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21
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Chen X, Clark J, Wunderlich M, Fan C, Davis A, Chen S, Guan JL, Mulloy JC, Kumar A, Zheng Y. Autophagy is dispensable for Kmt2a/Mll-Mllt3/Af9 AML maintenance and anti-leukemic effect of chloroquine. Autophagy 2017; 13:955-966. [PMID: 28282266 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1287652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, macroautophagy/autophagy has emerged as a promising target in various types of solid tumor treatment. However, the impact of autophagy on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) maintenance and the validity of autophagy as a viable target in AML therapy remain unclear. Here we show that Kmt2a/Mll-Mllt3/Af9 AML (MA9-AML) cells have high autophagy flux compared with normal bone marrow cells, but autophagy-specific targeting, either through Rb1cc1-disruption to abolish autophagy initiation, or via Atg5-disruption to prevent phagophore (the autophagosome precursor) membrane elongation, does not affect the growth or survival of MA9-AML cells, either in vitro or in vivo. Mechanistically, neither Atg5 nor Rb1cc1 disruption impairs endolysosome formation or survival signaling pathways. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine shows autophagy-independent anti-leukemic effects in vitro but has no efficacy in vivo likely due to limited achievable drug efficacy in blood. Further, vesicular exocytosis appears to mediate chloroquine resistance in AML cells, and exocytotic inhibition significantly enhances the anti-leukemic effect of chloroquine. Thus, chloroquine can induce leukemia cell death in vitro in an autophagy-independent manner but with inadequate efficacy in vivo, and vesicular exocytosis is a possible mechanism of chloroquine resistance in MA9-AML. This study also reveals that autophagy-specific targeting is unlikely to benefit MA9-AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Cancer Biology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Jason Clark
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Cuiqing Fan
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ashley Davis
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Song Chen
- b Department of Cancer Biology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- b Department of Cancer Biology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Cancer Biology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Ashish Kumar
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- a Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology , Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Cancer Biology , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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22
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Yu F, Li J, Xie Y, Sleightholm RL, Oupický D. Polymeric chloroquine as an inhibitor of cancer cell migration and experimental lung metastasis. J Control Release 2016; 244:347-356. [PMID: 27473763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) is a widely used antimalarial drug with emerging potential in anticancer therapies due to its apparent inhibitory effects on CXCR4 chemokine receptor, autophagy, and cholesterol metabolism. This study reports on polymeric CQ (pCQ) as a macromolecular drug with antimetastatic activity. The pCQ polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of methacryloylated hydroxy-CQ (HCQ) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA). The results show that pCQ is significantly more effective in inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion when compared with the parent HCQ. The proposed mechanism of action at least partially relies on the ability of pCQ to inhibit cell migration mediated by the CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway. The pCQ also demonstrates superior inhibitory activity over HCQ when tested in a mouse model of experimental lung metastasis. Lastly, pCQ shows the ability to efficiently translocate to the cytoplasm while exhibiting lower cytotoxicity than HCQ. Overall, this study supports pCQ as a promising polymeric drug platform suitable for use in combination antimetastatic strategies and potential use in cytoplasmic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard L Sleightholm
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Mechanisms of Drug Resistance Related to the Microenvironment of Solid Tumors and Possible Strategies to Inhibit Them. Cancer J 2016. [PMID: 26222076 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance can occur at the individual cellular level or as a result of properties of the tumor microenvironment. The convoluted vasculature within tumors results in robustly proliferating well-nourished cells located proximal to functional blood vessels and regions of slowly proliferating (often hypoxic) cells located distal to functional blood vessels. Irregular blood flow and large distances between functional blood vessels in solid tumors lead to poor drug distribution within them such that cells distal from functional blood vessels are exposed to ineffective concentrations of drug, resulting in therapeutic resistance. Strategies to improve or complement the distribution of anticancer drugs within tumors hold promise for increasing antitumor effects without corresponding increases in normal tissue toxicity. In particular, use of hypoxia-targeted agents and modulation of autophagy have shown promising results in enhancing the distribution of drug activity within solid tumors and hence antitumor efficacy. In this review, we describe causes of resistance to chemotherapy that relate to the microenvironment of solid tumors and the potential to improve antitumor effects by countering such mechanisms of resistance.
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24
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Qin L, Xu T, Xia L, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Zhong S, Wang C, Shen Z. Chloroquine enhances the efficacy of cisplatin by suppressing autophagy in human adrenocortical carcinoma treatment. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1035-45. [PMID: 27022243 PMCID: PMC4789846 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that chloroquine (CQ) enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy. However, little is known about whether CQ could enhance the efficacy of cisplatin (DDP) in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we explore the efficacy and mechanism by which CQ affects DDP sensitivity in human ACC in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The autophagic gene Beclin-1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the protein levels were analyzed using immunoblotting assays of ACC tissues and normal adrenal cortex tissues. The ACC SW13 cells were treated with DDP and/or CQ. The cell viability assay was performed using the MTT method. Qualitative autophagy detection was performed by monodansylcadaverine staining of autophagic vacuoles. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining was used to count cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The autophagy-related protein (Beclin-1, LC3, and p62) and apoptosis relative protein (Bax and Bcl-2) levels were evaluated with Western blot analysis. Furthermore, a murine model of nude BALB/c mice bearing SW13 cell xenografts was established to evaluate the efficacy of concomitant therapy. RESULTS The expression of the autophagic gene Beclin-1 was significantly downregulated in ACC tissues compared to normal adrenal cortex tissues. The Beclin-1 protein level in ACC tissues was lower than that in normal adrenal cortex tissues (P<0.05). In vitro concomitant therapy (DDP and CQ) was more effective in restraining SW13 cell proliferation. DDP could promote cell apoptosis and induce autophagy in SW13 cells. Concomitant therapy further promoted cell apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy. In vivo, we found that concomitant therapy was more potent than DDP monotherapy in inhibiting the growth of xenografted tumors and prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION The antitumor ability of DDP was related to autophagy activity, and the concomitant therapy (DDP and CQ) could be an optimal strategy for treating ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Xia
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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25
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King MA, Ganley IG, Flemington V. Inhibition of cholesterol metabolism underlies synergy between mTOR pathway inhibition and chloroquine in bladder cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:4518-28. [PMID: 26853465 PMCID: PMC5000518 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mutations to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) signalling pathway components (for example, PTEN loss, PIK3CA, AKT1, TSC1/2) are common in bladder cancer, yet small-molecule inhibitors of these nodes (FGFR/PTENi) show only modest activity in preclinical models. As activation of autophagy is proposed to promote survival under FGFR/PTENi, we have investigated this relationship in a panel of 18 genetically diverse bladder cell lines. We found that autophagy inhibition does not sensitise bladder cell lines to FGFR/PTENi, but newly identify an autophagy-independent cell death synergy in FGFR3-mutant cell lines between mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway inhibitors and chloroquine (CQ)—an anti-malarial drug used as a cancer therapy adjuvant in over 30 clinical trials. The mechanism of synergy is consistent with lysosomal cell death (LCD), including cathepsin-driven caspase activation, and correlates with suppression of cSREBP1 and cholesterol biosynthesis in sensitive cell lines. Remarkably, loss of viability can be rescued by saturating cellular membranes with cholesterol or recapitulated by statin-mediated inhibition, or small interfering RNA knockdown, of enzymes regulating cholesterol metabolism. Modulation of CQ-induced cell death by atorvastatin and cholesterol is reproduced across numerous cell lines, confirming a novel and fundamental role for cholesterol biosynthesis in regulating LCD. Thus, we have catalogued the molecular events underlying cell death induced by CQ in combination with an anticancer therapeutic. Moreover, by revealing a hitherto unknown aspect of lysosomal biology under stress, we propose that suppression of cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells should elicit synergy with CQ and define a novel approach to future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A King
- AstraZeneca Oncology, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - I G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - V Flemington
- AstraZeneca Oncology, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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26
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Holle AW, Young JL, Spatz JP. In vitro cancer cell-ECM interactions inform in vivo cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:270-9. [PMID: 26485156 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The general progression of cancer drug development involves in vitro testing followed by safety and efficacy evaluation in clinical trials. Due to the expense of bringing candidate drugs to trials, in vitro models of cancer cells and tumor biology are required to screen drugs. There are many examples of drugs exhibiting cytotoxic behavior in cancer cells in vitro but losing efficacy in vivo, and in many cases, this is the result of poorly understood chemoresistant effects conferred by the cancer microenvironment. To address this, improved methods for culturing cancer cells in biomimetic scaffolds have been developed; along the way, a great deal about the nature of cancer cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions has been discovered. These discoveries will continue to be leveraged both in the development of novel drugs targeting these interactions and in the fabrication of biomimetic substrates for efficient cancer drug screening in vitro.
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27
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Maximova ED, Zhiryakova MV, Faizuloev EB, Nikonova AA, Ezhov AA, Izumrudov VA, Orlov VN, Grozdova ID, Melik-Nubarov NS. Cationic nanogels as Trojan carriers for disruption of endosomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:981-8. [PMID: 26562190 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comparison study of interaction of linear poly(2-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate and its cationic nanogels of various cross-linking with both DNA and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) has been performed. Although all amino groups of the nanogels proved to be susceptible for protonation, their accessibility for ion pairing with the polyanions was controlled and impaired with the cross-linking. The investigation of nanogels complexes with cells in culture that was accomplished by using of calcein pH-sensitive probe revealed a successive increase in the cytoplasmic fluorescence upon the growth in the cross-linking due to calceine leakage from acidic compartments to cytosol. This regularity implies that amino groups which are buried presumably inside the nanogel are protected against the ion-pairing with polyanions of plasma membrane and hence are able to manifest buffer properties while captured into acidic endosomes, i.e. possess lyso/endosomolytic capacity. These findings suggest that network architecture makes an important contribution to proton sponge properties of weak polycations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Maximova
- M.V Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Chemistry, GSP-1, Leninskie gory 1, build. 3, Moscow 119991,Russia; I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok 5a, Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Marina V Zhiryakova
- M.V Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Chemistry, GSP-1, Leninskie gory 1, build. 3, Moscow 119991,Russia
| | - Evgenyi B Faizuloev
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok 5a, Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Nikonova
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyi Kazennyi pereulok 5a, Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ezhov
- M.V Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Physics, GSP-1, Leninskie gory 1, build. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Izumrudov
- M.V Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Chemistry, GSP-1, Leninskie gory 1, build. 3, Moscow 119991,Russia; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor N Orlov
- M.V Lomonosov Moscow State University, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chermical Biology, GSP-1, Leninskie gory 1, build. 40, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina D Grozdova
- M.V Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Chemistry, GSP-1, Leninskie gory 1, build. 3, Moscow 119991,Russia
| | - Nickolay S Melik-Nubarov
- M.V Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Chemistry, GSP-1, Leninskie gory 1, build. 3, Moscow 119991,Russia.
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28
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Ladavière C, Gref R. Toward an optimized treatment of intracellular bacterial infections: input of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:3033-3055. [PMID: 26420270 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogenic bacteria can lead to some of the most life-threatening infections. By evolving a number of ingenious mechanisms, these bacteria have the ability to invade, colonize and survive in the host cells in active or latent forms over prolonged period of time. A variety of nanoparticulate systems have been developed to optimize the delivery of antibiotics. Main advantages of nanoparticulate systems as compared with free drugs are an efficient drug encapsulation, protection from inactivation, targeting infection sites and the possibility to deliver drugs by overcoming cellular barriers. Nevertheless, despite the great progresses in treating intracellular infections using nanoparticulate carriers, some challenges still remain, such as targeting cellular subcompartments with bacteria and delivering synergistic drug combinations. Engineered nanoparticles should allow controlling drug release both inside cells and within the extracellular space before reaching the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ladavière
- UMR CNRS 5223, IMP, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR CNRS 8214, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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29
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Yu M, Lee C, Wang M, Tannock IF. Influence of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on distribution and activity of doxorubicin in solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2015. [PMID: 26212113 PMCID: PMC4638015 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular causes of resistance and limited drug distribution within solid tumors limit therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Acidic endosomes in cancer cells mediate autophagy, which facilitates survival of stressed cells, and may contribute to drug resistance. Basic drugs (e.g. doxorubicin) are sequestered in acidic endosomes, thereby diverting drugs from their target DNA and decreasing penetration to distal cells. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may raise endosomal pH, with potential to improve drug efficacy and distribution in solid tumors. We determined the effects of the PPI lansoprazole to modify the activity of doxorubicin. To gain insight into its mechanisms, we studied the effects of lansoprazole on endosomal pH, and on the spatial distribution of doxorubicin, and of biomarkers reflecting its activity, using in vitro and murine models. Lansoprazole showed concentration-dependent effects to raise endosomal pH and to inhibit endosomal sequestration of doxorubicin in cultured tumor cells. Lansoprazole was not toxic to cancer cells but potentiated the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and enhanced its penetration through multilayered cell cultures. In solid tumors, lansoprazole improved the distribution of doxorubicin but also increased expression of biomarkers of drug activity throughout the tumor. Combined treatment with lansoprazole and doxorubicin was more effective in delaying tumor growth as compared to either agent alone. Together, lansoprazole enhances the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin both by improving its distribution and increasing its activity in solid tumors. Use of PPIs to improve drug distribution and to inhibit autophagy represents a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Wang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian F Tannock
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Evison BJ, Sleebs BE, Watson KG, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Mitoxantrone, More than Just Another Topoisomerase II Poison. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:248-99. [PMID: 26286294 DOI: 10.1002/med.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitoxantrone is a synthetic anthracenedione originally developed to improve the therapeutic profile of the anthracyclines and is commonly applied in the treatment of breast and prostate cancers, lymphomas, and leukemias. A comprehensive overview of the drug's molecular, biochemical, and cellular pharmacology is presented here, beginning with the cardiotoxic nature of its predecessor doxorubicin and how these properties shaped the pharmacology of mitoxantrone itself. Although mitoxantrone is firmly established as a DNA topoisomerase II poison within mammalian cells, it is now clear that the drug interacts with a much broader range of biological macromolecules both covalently and noncovalently. Here, we consider each of these interactions in the context of their wider biological relevance to cancer therapy and highlight how they may be exploited to further enhance the therapeutic value of mitoxantrone. In doing so, it is now clear that mitoxantrone is more than just another topoisomerase II poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny J Evison
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Brad E Sleebs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Keith G Watson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Don R Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Cutts
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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31
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Zhao XG, Sun RJ, Yang XY, Liu DY, Lei DP, Jin T, Pan XL. Chloroquine-enhanced efficacy of cisplatin in the treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in xenograft mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126147. [PMID: 25923669 PMCID: PMC4414471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) has the worst prognosis among head and neck cancers. Cisplatin (DDP)-based chemotherapy is an important part of multimodal treatments. However, resistance to DDP severely impairs the effectiveness of chemotherapy for HSCC. Chloroquine (CQ) has been reported to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in liver, pancreas, breast, prostate and colon tumors, but it is unclear whether CQ could increase the efficacy of DDP for treating HSCC. We inoculated BALB/c nude mice with a subcutaneous injection of human hypopharyngeal FaDu cells to generate our animal model. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with vehicle control, CQ (60 mg/kg/day), DDP (5 mg/kg/6 days), or a combination of DDP and CQ. Tumor growth and survival of the mice were monitored. We found that CQ inhibited autophagy and increased DDP-induced apoptosis in the xenograft mouse model. CQ enhanced the efficacy of DDP, resulting in decreased tumor growth and prolonged survival of the mice. To test whether blocking autophagy enhanced the efficacy of DDP, FaDu cells were infected with lentiviral shRNA to Beclin-1 and inoculated into the flanks of nude mice. Inhibition of autophagy markedly enhanced the DDP-induced antitumor effect. Our study suggests that the addition of CQ to DDP-based chemotherapy could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HSCC, and the inhibition of autophagy may contribute to chemotherapy sensitization in HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-guo Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui-jie Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-yu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-peng Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-liang Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Dalhoff A. Antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of fluoroquinolones optimized for treatment of bacterial infections: a puzzling paradox or a logical consequence of their mode of action? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:661-8. [PMID: 25515946 PMCID: PMC7087824 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes evidence that commercially available fluoroquinolones used for the treatment of bacterial infections are active against other non-bacterial infectious agents as well. Any of these fluoroquinolones exerts, in parallel to its antibacterial action, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic actions at clinically achievable concentrations. This broad range of anti-infective activities is due to one common mode of action, i.e., the inhibition of type II topoisomerases or inhibition of viral helicases, thus maintaining the selective toxicity of fluoroquinolones inhibiting microbial topoisomerases at low concentrations but mammalian topoisomerases at much higher concentrations. Evidence suggests that standard doses of the fluoroquinolones studied are clinically effective against viral and parasitic infections, whereas higher doses administered topically were active against Candida spp. causing ophthalmological infections. Well-designed clinical studies should be performed to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalhoff
- Institute for Infection Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany,
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33
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Tan Q, Joshua AM, Saggar JK, Yu M, Wang M, Kanga N, Zhang JY, Chen X, Wouters BG, Tannock IF. Effect of pantoprazole to enhance activity of docetaxel against human tumour xenografts by inhibiting autophagy. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:832-40. [PMID: 25647012 PMCID: PMC4453951 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy allows recycling of cellular components and may facilitate cell survival after chemotherapy. Pantoprazole inhibits proton pumps and is reported to inhibit autophagy. Here we evaluate the effects of pantoprazole to modify cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug docetaxel, and underlying mechanisms. METHODS Effects of docetaxel±pantoprazole were studied against wild-type and autophagy-deficient PC3 cells and against four human xenografts. Effects of pantoprazole on autophagy were evaluated by quantifying LC3-I, LC3-II and p62 proteins in western blots, and by fluorescent microscopy of cells transfected with RFP-GFP-LC3. The distribution of drug effects and of autophagy was quantified in tumour sections in relation to blood vessels and hypoxia by immunohistochemistry using γH2AX, cleaved caspase-3, Ki67 and LC3/ p62. RESULTS Pantoprazole increased the toxicity of docetaxel in vitro, increased docetaxel-induced expression of γH2AX and cleaved caspase-3, and decreased Ki67 in tumour sections. Pantoprazole increased growth delay of four human xenografts of low, moderate and high sensitivity to docetaxel, with minimal increase in toxicity. Docetaxel led to increased autophagy throughout tumour sections. Pantoprazole inhibited autophagy, and effects of pantoprazole were reduced against genetically modified cells with decreased ability to undergo autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy is a mechanism of resistance to docetaxel chemotherapy that may be modified by pantoprazole to improve therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Tan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - A M Joshua
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
- Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - J K Saggar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - M Yu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - M Wang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - N Kanga
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - X Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - B G Wouters
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
| | - I F Tannock
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
- Institute of Medical Science, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G2M9
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Weyergang A, Berstad MEB, Bull-Hansen B, Olsen CE, Selbo PK, Berg K. Photochemical activation of drugs for the treatment of therapy-resistant cancers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1465-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy as well as radiation therapy is a major obstacle for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Maria E. B. Berstad
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Bente Bull-Hansen
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Cathrine E. Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Pål K. Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
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Shiao YS, Chiu HH, Wu PH, Huang YF. Aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles as photoresponsive nanoplatform for co-drug delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21832-41. [PMID: 24949657 DOI: 10.1021/am5026243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Various platforms have been developed as innovative nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic agents to the diseased sites. Multifunctional surface modification allows an enhanced recognition and uptake of drug carriers by targeted cells. However, the development of drug resistance in some tumor cells plays a major role in the failure of chemotherapy. Drugs given in combination, called multidrug delivery approach, was designed to improve the therapeutic efficacy and has become an increasingly used strategy that is of great importance in clinical cancer treatments. In this study, aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been used as a nanoplatform to codeliver two different anticancer drugs for improving the drug effectiveness. The surface of Au NPs (13 nm in diameter) was assembled with AS1411 aptamers, which tethered with 21-base pairs of (CGATCGA)3 sequence approached to the Au NPs. Both the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (TMPyP4) and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) were then physically attached to the AS1411-conjugated Au NPs (T/D:ds-NPs) and delivered to the target tumor cells such as HeLa and Dox-resistant MCF-7R cell lines. When exposed to a 632 nm light, reactive oxygen species induced by TMPyP4 molecules were generated inside the living cells, followed by cell damage. In addition, triggered release of the complementary drugs also occurred simultaneously during the photodynamic reaction. In the presence of Dox molecules, the toxicity toward the target cells was superior to individual drug treatment. Overall, a co-drug delivery platform was successfully established to improve the therapeutic efficacy in tumor cells. The improvement of the photodynamic-stimulated triggered release was enhanced, thus highly promising precise drug release in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Syun Shiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan ROC
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Gorden BH, Saha J, Khammanivong A, Schwartz GK, Dickerson EB. Lysosomal drug sequestration as a mechanism of drug resistance in vascular sarcoma cells marked by high CSF-1R expression. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:20. [PMID: 25295160 PMCID: PMC4188569 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma are thought to arise from vascular tissue or vascular forming cells based upon their histological appearance. However, recent evidence indicates a hematopoietic or angioblastic cell of origin for these tumors. In support of this idea, we previously identified an endothelial-myeloid progenitor cell population with high expression of endothelial cell markers and the myeloid cell marker, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R). Here, we further characterized these cells to better understand how their cellular characteristics may impact current therapeutic applications. Methods We performed cell enrichment studies from canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma cell lines to generate cell populations with high or low CSF-1R expression. We then utilized flow cytometry, side population and cell viability assays, and fluorescence based approaches to elucidate drug resistance mechanisms and to determine the expression of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cell markers. Results We demonstrated that cells with high CSF-1R expression enriched from hemangiosarcoma and angiosarcoma cell lines are more drug resistant than cells with little or no CSF-1R expression. We determined that the increased drug resistance may be due to increased ABC transporter expression in hemangiosarcoma and increased drug sequestration within cellular lysosomes in both hemangiosarcoma and angiosarcoma. Conclusions We identified drug sequestration within cellular lysosomes as a shared drug resistance mechanism in human and canine vascular sarcomas marked by high CSF-1R expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that studies in highly prevalent canine hemangiosarcoma may be especially relevant to understanding and addressing drug resistance mechanisms in both the canine and human forms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi H Gorden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jhuma Saha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ali Khammanivong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Laboratory of New Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA ; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wieneke R, Labòria N, Rajan M, Kollmannsperger A, Natale F, Cardoso MC, Tampé R. Live-cell targeting of his-tagged proteins by multivalent N-nitrilotriacetic acid carrier complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13975-8. [PMID: 25238106 DOI: 10.1021/ja5063357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective and fast labeling of proteins in living cells is a major challenge. Live-cell labeling techniques require high specificity, high labeling density, and cell permeability of the tagging molecule to target the protein of interest. Here we report on the site-specific, rapid, and efficient labeling of endogenous and recombinant histidine-tagged proteins in distinct subcellular compartments using cell-penetrating multivalent chelator carrier complexes. In vivo labeling was followed in real time in living cells, demonstrating a high specificity and high degree of colocalization in the crowded cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Wieneke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Brana I, Ocana A, Chen EX, Razak ARA, Haines C, Lee C, Douglas S, Wang L, Siu LL, Tannock IF, Bedard PL. A phase I trial of pantoprazole in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors: evaluation of pharmacokinetics of both drugs and tissue penetration of doxorubicin. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:1269-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fu D, Zhou J, Zhu WS, Manley PW, Wang YK, Hood T, Wylie A, Xie XS. Imaging the intracellular distribution of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in living cells with quantitative hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering. Nat Chem 2014; 6:614-22. [PMID: 24950332 PMCID: PMC4205760 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABL1 tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) are a front-line therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia and represent the best known examples of targeted cancer therapeutics. However, the dynamic uptake of low molecular weight TKIs into cells and their intracellular behavior is largely unknown due to the difficulty of observing non-fluorescent small molecules at subcellular resolution. Here we report the direct label-free visualization and quantification of two TKI drugs – imatinib and nilotinib inside living cells using hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging. Both drugs were enriched over 1000-fold in lysosomes as a result of their lysosomotropic properties. In addition, low solubility appeared to contribute significantly to the surprisingly large accumulation of nilotinib. We further show that the lysosomal trapping of imatinib was reduced by more than 10-fold when using chloroquine simultaneously, suggesting that chloroquine may increase the efficacy of TKIs through lysosome mediated drug-drug interaction besides the commonly proposed autophagy inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fu
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2]
| | - Jing Zhou
- 1] Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2]
| | - Wenjing Suzanne Zhu
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Paul W Manley
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Y Karen Wang
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tami Hood
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Wylie
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Sunney Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Pellegrini P, Strambi A, Zipoli C, Hägg-Olofsson M, Buoncervello M, Linder S, De Milito A. Acidic extracellular pH neutralizes the autophagy-inhibiting activity of chloroquine: implications for cancer therapies. Autophagy 2014; 10:562-71. [PMID: 24492472 DOI: 10.4161/auto.27901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic pH is an important feature of tumor microenvironment and a major determinant of tumor progression. We reported that cancer cells upregulate autophagy as a survival mechanism to acidic stress. Inhibition of autophagy by administration of chloroquine (CQ) in combination anticancer therapies is currently evaluated in clinical trials. We observed in 3 different human cancer cell lines cultured at acidic pH that autophagic flux is not blocked by CQ. This was consistent with a complete resistance to CQ toxicity in cells cultured in acidic conditions. Conversely, the autophagy-inhibiting activity of Lys-01, a novel CQ derivative, was still detectable at low pH. The lack of CQ activity was likely dependent on a dramatically reduced cellular uptake at acidic pH. Using cell lines stably adapted to chronic acidosis we could confirm that CQ lack of activity was merely caused by acidic pH. Moreover, unlike CQ, Lys-01 was able to kill low pH-adapted cell lines, although higher concentrations were required as compared with cells cultured at normal pH conditions. Notably, buffering medium pH in low pH-adapted cell lines reverted CQ resistance. In vivo analysis of tumors treated with CQ showed that accumulation of strong LC3 signals was observed only in normoxic areas but not in hypoxic/acidic regions. Our observations suggest that targeting autophagy in the tumor environment by CQ may be limited to well-perfused regions but not achieved in acidic regions, predicting possible limitations in efficacy of CQ in antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pellegrini
- Cancer Center Karolinska; Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Strambi
- Cancer Center Karolinska; Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Zipoli
- Cancer Center Karolinska; Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hägg-Olofsson
- Cancer Center Karolinska; Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Buoncervello
- Cancer Center Karolinska; Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Cancer Center Karolinska; Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Cancer Center Karolinska; Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
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Kirsch S, Schrezenmeier E, Klare S, Zaade D, Seidel K, Schmitz J, Bernhard S, Lauer D, Slack M, Goldin-Lang P, Unger T, Zollmann FS, Funke-Kaiser H. The (pro)renin receptor mediates constitutive PLZF-independent pro-proliferative effects which are inhibited by bafilomycin but not genistein. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:795-808. [PMID: 24424509 PMCID: PMC3976126 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is crucial for cardio-renal pathophysiology. The distinct molecular mechanisms of this receptor are still incompletely understood. The (P)RR is able to interact with different signalling proteins such as promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) and Wnt receptors. Moreover, domains of the (P)RR are essential for V-ATPase activity. V-ATPase- and Wnt-mediated effects imply constitutive, i.e., (pro)renin-independent functions of the (P)RR. Regarding ligand-dependent (P)RR signalling, the role of prorenin glycosylation is currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of constitutive (P)RR activity to its cellular effects and the relevance of prorenin glycosylation on its ligand activity. We were able to demonstrate that high glucose induces (P)RR signal transduction whereas deglycosylation of prorenin abolishes its intrinsic activity in neuronal and epithelial cells. By using siRNA against (P)RR or PLZF as well as the PLZF translocation blocker genistein and the specific V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin, we were able to dissect three distinct sub-pathways downstream of the (P)RR. The V-ATPase function is ligand-independently associated with strong pro-proliferative effects whereas prorenin causes moderate proliferation in vitro. In contrast, PLZF per se [i.e., in the absence of (pro)renin] does not interfere with cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kirsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klare
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Zaade
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schmitz
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Bernhard
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Institute of Pharmacology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilyara Lauer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Petra Goldin-Lang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Unger
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank S Zollmann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Funke-Kaiser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Patel NR, Pattni BS, Abouzeid AH, Torchilin VP. Nanopreparations to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1748-62. [PMID: 23973912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the most widely exploited phenomenon by which cancer eludes chemotherapy. Broad variety of factors, ranging from the cellular ones, such as over-expression of efflux transporters, defective apoptotic machineries, and altered molecular targets, to the physiological factors such as higher interstitial fluid pressure, low extracellular pH, and formation of irregular tumor vasculature are responsible for multidrug resistance. A combination of various undesirable factors associated with biological surroundings together with poor solubility and instability of many potential therapeutic small & large molecules within the biological systems and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents has necessitated the need for nano-preparations to optimize drug delivery. The physiology of solid tumors presents numerous challenges for successful therapy. However, it also offers unique opportunities for the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles, up to 400 nm in size, have shown great promise for carrying, protecting and delivering potential therapeutic molecules with diverse physiological properties. In this review, various factors responsible for the MDR and the use of nanotechnology to overcome the MDR, the use of spheroid culture as well as the current technique of producing microtumor tissues in vitro are discussed in detail.
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Patel KJ, Lee C, Tan Q, Tannock IF. Use of the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole to modify the distribution and activity of doxorubicin: a potential strategy to improve the therapy of solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6766-76. [PMID: 24141627 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited drug distribution within solid tumors is an important cause of drug resistance. Basic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin) may be sequestered in acidic organelles, thereby limiting drug distribution to distal cells and diverting drugs from their target DNA. Here we investigate the effects of pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, on doxorubicin uptake, and doxorubicin distribution and activity using in vitro and murine models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Murine EMT-6 and human MCF-7 cells were treated with pantoprazole to evaluate changes in endosomal pH using fluorescence spectroscopy, and uptake of doxorubicin using flow cytometry. Effects of pantoprazole on tissue penetration of doxorubicin were evaluated in multilayered cell cultures (MCC), and in solid tumors using immunohistochemistry. Effects of pantoprazole to influence tumor growth delay and toxicity because of doxorubicin were evaluated in mice. RESULTS Pantoprazole (>200 μmol/L) increased endosomal pH in cells, and also increased nuclear uptake of doxorubicin. Pretreatment with pantoprazole increased tissue penetration of doxorubicin in MCCs. Pantoprazole improved doxorubicin distribution from blood vessels in solid tumors. Pantoprazole given before doxorubicin led to increased growth delay when given as single or multiple doses to mice bearing MCF7 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Use of pantoprazole to enhance the distribution and cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs in solid tumors might be a novel treatment strategy to improve their therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa J Patel
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medical Biophysics and Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Williams M, Catchpoole D. Sequestration of AS-DACA into acidic compartments of the membrane trafficking system as a mechanism of drug resistance in rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13042-62. [PMID: 23799359 PMCID: PMC3742173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of weakly basic drugs into acidic organelles has recently been described as a contributor to resistance in childhood cancer rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines with differential sensitivity to a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor, AS-DACA. The current study aims to explore the contribution of the endocytic pathway to AS-DACA sequestration in RMS cell lines. A 24-fold differential in AS-DACA cytotoxicity was detected between the RMS lines RD and Rh30. The effect of inhibitors of the endocytic pathway on AS-DACA sensitivity in RMS cell lines, coupled with the variations of endosomal marker expression, indicated the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment was implicated by confounding lines of evidence. Higher expression levels of Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein-1 (LAMP1) in the resistant RMS cell line, RD, provided correlations between the increased amount and activity of these compartments to AS-DACA resistance. The late endosomal inhibitor 3-methyladenine increased AS-DACA sensitivity solely in RD leading to the reduction of AS-DACA in membrane trafficking organelles. Acidification inhibitors did not produce an increase in AS-DACA sensitivity nor reduce its sequestration, indicating that the pH partitioning of weakly basic drugs into acidic compartments does not likely contribute to the AS-DACA sequestering resistance mechanism evident in RMS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Williams
- The Tumour Bank, Children's Cancer Research Unit, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Saggar JK, Yu M, Tan Q, Tannock IF. The tumor microenvironment and strategies to improve drug distribution. Front Oncol 2013; 3:154. [PMID: 23772420 PMCID: PMC3677151 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment within tumors is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells with varying levels of nutrients and oxygen. Differences in oxygen content result in survival or compensatory mechanisms within tumors that may favor a more malignant or lethal phenotype. Cells that are rapidly proliferating are richly nourished and preferentially located close to blood vessels. Chemotherapy can target and kill cells that are adjacent to the vasculature, while cells that reside farther away are often not exposed to adequate amounts of drug and may survive and repopulate following treatment. The characteristics of the tumor microenvironment can be manipulated in order to design more effective therapies. In this review, we describe important features of the tumor microenvironment and discuss strategies whereby drug distribution and activity may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep K Saggar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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Bai J, Liu Y, Sun W, Chen J, Miller AD, Xu Y. Down-regulated lysosomal processing improved pegylated lipopolyplex-mediated gene transfection. J Gene Med 2013; 15:182-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | | | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
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47
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El-Dakdouki MH, Puré E, Huang X. Development of drug loaded nanoparticles for tumor targeting. Part 1: Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation in 2D cell cultures. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3895-903. [PMID: 23529646 PMCID: PMC3638024 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33777d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are being extensively studied as carriers for drug delivery, but they often have limited penetration inside tumors. We envision that by targeting an endocytic receptor on the cell surface, the uptake of NPs can be significantly enhanced through receptor mediated endocytosis. In addition, if the receptor is recycled to the cell surface, the NP cargo can be transported out of the cells, which is then taken up by neighboring cells thus enhancing solid tumor penetration. To validate our hypothesis, in the first of two articles, we report the synthesis of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded, hyaluronan (HA) coated silica nanoparticles (SNPs) containing a highly fluorescent core to target CD44, a receptor expressed on the cancer cell surface. HA was conjugated onto amine-functionalized SNPs prepared through an oil-water microemulsion method. The immobilization of the cytotoxic drug DOX was achieved through an acid sensitive hydrazone linkage. The NPs were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis absorbance, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Initial biological evaluation experiments demonstrated that compared to ligand-free SNPs, the uptake of HA-SNPs by the CD44-expressing SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells was significantly enhanced when evaluated in the 2D monolayer cell culture. Mechanistic studies suggested that cellular uptake of HA-SNPs was mainly through CD44 mediated endocytosis. HA-SNPs with immobilized DOX were endocytosed efficiently by the SKOV-3 cells as well. The enhanced tumor penetration and drug delivery properties of HA-SNPs will be evaluated in 3D tumor models in the subsequent paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H El-Dakdouki
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Building, Michigan State University, Room 426, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Raoof M, Cisneros BT, Guven A, Phounsavath S, Corr SJ, Wilson LJ, Curley SA. Remotely triggered cisplatin release from carbon nanocapsules by radiofrequency fields. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1862-9. [PMID: 23228421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery is limited by its peri-vascular sequestration, thus necessitating a strategy to trigger drug release from such intra-tumoral nanocarrier-drug depots. In our efforts to explore remotely-activated nanocarriers, we have developed carbon nanocapsules comprised of an ultra-short carbon nanotube shell (US-tubes) loaded with cisplatin (CDDP@US-tubes) and covered with a Pluronic surfactant wrapping to minimize passive release. We demonstrate here that non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) field activation of the CDDP@US-tubes produces heat that causes Pluronic disruption which triggers cisplatin release in an RF-dependent manner. Furthermore, release-dependent cytotoxicity is demonstrated in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA.
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Wang CL, Tsai ML, Wu SN. Evidence for mitoxantrone-induced block of inwardly rectifying K(+) channels expressed in the osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells differentiated with lipopolysaccharide. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:687-701. [PMID: 22854649 DOI: 10.1159/000341449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Mitoxanthrone (MX) is an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent. Whether this drug and other related compounds have any effects on ion currents in osteoclasts remains largely unclear. METHODS In this study, the effects of MX and other related compounds on inwardly rectifying K(+) current (I(K(IR))) were investigated in RAW 264.7 osteoclast precursor cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS The I(K(IR))in these cells are blocked by BaCl(2) (1 mM). MX (1-100 µM) decreased the amplitude of I(K(IR)) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 6.4 µM. MX also slowed the time course of I(K(IR)) inactivation elicited by large hyperpolarization. Doxorubicin (10 µM), 17β-estradiol (10 µM) and tertiapin (1 µM) decreased the I(K(IR)) amplitude in these cells. In bafilomycin A(1)-treated cells, MX-mediated block of I(K(IR)) still existed. In cell-attached configuration, when the electrode was filled with MX (10 µM), the activity of inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels was decreased with no change in single-channel conductance. MX-mediated reduction of channel activity is accompanied by a shortening of mean open time. Under current-clamp conditions, addition of MX resulted in membrane depolarization. Therefore, MX can interact with the Kir channels to decrease the I(K(IR)) amplitude and to depolarize the membrane in these cells. CONCLUSION The block by this drug of Kir2.1 channels appears to be one of the important mechanisms underlying its actions on the resorptive activity of osteoclasts, if similar results occur in vivo. Targeting at Kir channels may be clinically useful as an adjunctive regimen to anti-cancer drugs (e.g., MX or doxorubicin) in influencing the resorptive activity of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi city, Taiwan
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Ranjan A, Pothayee N, Seleem MN, Boyle SM, Kasimanickam R, Riffle JS, Sriranganathan N. Nanomedicine for intracellular therapy. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 332:1-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD; USA
| | - Nikorn Pothayee
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA; USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University; West Lafayette; IN; USA
| | - Stephen M. Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA; USA
| | | | - Judy S. Riffle
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA; USA
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