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Ma H, Mu X, Jin Y, Luo Y, Wu M, Han Z. Multimorbidity, lifestyle, and cognitive function: A cross-cultural study on the role of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:560-568. [PMID: 39019233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive function related to four major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, and the relationship between these NCDs and cognitive function have not been fully studied. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between these NCDs and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people, and the combined effects of lifestyle factors. METHODS By employing the data from three large-scale cohort studies from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2010-2019), English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2014-2019), and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2019), this study carried out a multi-cohort analysis to 77, 210 participants. Fixed-effects regression models were used to examine associations between NCD status and cognitive function. Margin plots were used to illustrate the effect of lifestyle factors. RESULTS Our findings revealed the dose-dependent association between mounting these NCDs and declining cognitive performance, ranging from one NCD (β = -0.05, 95 % CI: -0.08 to -0.02) to four NCDs (β = -0.51, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.28). Decline in cognitive function associated with NCDs was exacerbated with physical inactivity, current smoking status, and an increase in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. LIMITATIONS The observational study design precludes causal interrogation of lifestyles and four NCDs on cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS An increasing number of these NCDs were dose-dependently associated with the decline in cognitive function score. Unhealthy lifestyle factors expedite decline in cognitive function linked to these NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- School of Medical Management, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Mu
- School of Healthcare Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinzi Jin
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Healthcare Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyan Han
- School of Healthcare Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Xu P, Tao Z, Yang H, Zhang C. Obesity and early-onset colorectal cancer risk: emerging clinical evidence and biological mechanisms. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1366544. [PMID: 38764574 PMCID: PMC11100318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1366544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as diagnosed at younger than 50 years of age and indicates a health burden globally. Patients with EOCRC have distinct risk factors, clinical characteristics, and molecular pathogenesis compared with older patients with CRC. Further investigations have identified different roles of obesity between EOCRC and late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC). Most studies have focused on the clinical characteristics of obesity in EOCRC, therefore, the mechanism involved in the association between obesity and EOCRC remains inconclusive. This review further states that obesity affects the carcinogenesis of EOCRC as well as its development and progression, which may lead to obesity-related metabolic syndrome, intestinal dysbacteriosis, and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zuo Tao
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhang J, Zhu S, Liu C, Xiao X, Xie H, Zhang Y, Hong Y. Colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in East Asia, 1990-2030. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:880-892. [PMID: 38221664 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disease burden of colorectal cancer in East Asia has been at a high level. However, the epidemiological characteristics of the disease burden in this region have not been systematically studied. METHOD Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 program. Joinpoint analysis was used to identify long-term trends in mortality of colorectal cancer. Independent effects of age, period, and cohort were detected by the age-period-cohort model. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was performed to predict the burden of colorectal cancer across East Asia by 2030. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) showed upward trends in mainland China (1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.82, 1.28) as well as Taiwan Province of China (1.81 [95% CI], 1.51, 2.10) but downward in Japan (-0.60 [95% CI], -0.70, -0.49) (P < 0.05). Attributable risk factors for colorectal cancer in East Asia remained stable over 30 years, while the risk of metabolic factors is noteworthy in the future. In the next decade, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of colorectal cancer in China was predicted to surpass that of Japan and South Korea in expectation. CONCLUSION The mortality of colorectal cancer is escalating in developing countries, while it is gradually declining in high-income countries across East Asia. Nonetheless, the disease burden of colorectal cancer in high-income countries remains substantial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University, Fushun, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Fuyang People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haojie Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University, Fushun, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sehrawat A, Khanna M, Kayal S, Sundriyal D, Tiwari S, Cyriac S, Ravishankaran P, Raphael J, Mathew D, Panda SS, Moharana L, Mohanty SS, Mohanty SS, Philips A, Jain D, Jeyaraj P, David PH, Patil J, Saju SV, Rathnam K, Sharma N, Dheva K, Jinkala SR, Raja K, Penumadu P, Ganesan P. Clinicopathologic Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults: A Multicenter Study From India. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300225. [PMID: 38754051 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults is a rising concern in developing countries such as India. This study investigates clinicopathologic profiles, treatment patterns, and outcomes of CRC in young adults, focusing on adolescent and young adult (AYA) CRC in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). METHODS A retrospective registry study from January 2018 to December 2020 involved 126 young adults (age 40 years and younger) with CRC. Patient demographics, clinical features, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were analyzed after obtaining institutional ethics committees' approval. RESULTS Among 126 AYA patients, 62.70% had colon cancer and 37.30% had rectal cancer. Most patients (67%) were age 30-39 years, with no significant gender predisposition. Females had higher metastatic burden. Abdominal pain with obstruction features was common. Adenocarcinoma (65%) with signet ring differentiation (26%) suggested aggressive behavior. Limited access to molecular testing hindered mutation identification. Capecitabine-based chemotherapy was favored because of logistical constraints. Adjuvant therapy showed comparable recurrence-free survival in young adults and older patients. For localized colon cancer, the 2-year median progression-free survival was 74%, and for localized rectal cancer, it was 18 months. Palliative therapy resulted in a median overall survival of 33 months (95% CI, 18 to 47). Limited access to targeted agents affected treatment options, with only 27.5% of patients with metastatic disease receiving them. Chemotherapy was generally well tolerated, with hematologic side effect being most common. CONCLUSION This collaborative study in an LMIC offers crucial insights into CRC in AYA patients in India. Differences in disease characteristics, treatment patterns, and limited access to targeted agents highlight the need for further research and resource allocation to improve outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sehrawat
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Mridul Khanna
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Smita Kayal
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Sunu Cyriac
- IMS and SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Jomon Raphael
- Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deepak Jain
- Christian Medical College Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | | | | | | | - S V Saju
- Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, India
| | | | | | - Kaaviya Dheva
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sree Rekha Jinkala
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Kalyarasaran Raja
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Prasanth Penumadu
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Prasanth Ganesan
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Roshandel G, Ghasemi-Kebria F, Malekzadeh R. Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1530. [PMID: 38672612 PMCID: PMC11049480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There are disparities in the epidemiology of CRC across different populations, most probably due to differences in exposure to lifestyle and environmental factors related to CRC. Prevention is the most effective method for controlling CRC. Primary prevention includes determining and avoiding modifiable risk factors (e.g., alcohol consumption, smoking, and dietary factors) as well as increasing protective factors (e.g., physical activity, aspirin). Further studies, especially randomized, controlled trials, are needed to clarify the association between CRC incidence and exposure to different risk factors or protective factors. Detection and removal of precancerous colorectal lesions is also an effective strategy for controlling CRC. Multiple factors, both at the individual and community levels (e.g., patient preferences, availability of screening modalities, costs, benefits, and adverse events), should be taken into account in designing and implementing CRC screening programs. Health policymakers should consider the best decision in identifying the starting age and selection of the most effective screening strategies for the target population. This review aims to present updated evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49178-67439, Iran; (G.R.); (F.G.-K.)
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi-Kebria
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49178-67439, Iran; (G.R.); (F.G.-K.)
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
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Franco-García JM, Castillo-Paredes A, Rodríguez-Redondo Y, Carlos-Vivas J, García-Carrillo RM, Denche-Zamorano Á. Greater physical activity levels are associated with lower prevalence of tumors and risk of cancer in Spanish population: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29191. [PMID: 38623236 PMCID: PMC11016703 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and insufficient physical activity is a significant risk factor. This study analyzed the tumor prevalence based on sex, age, smoking, BMI, and physical activity level (PAL) in the Spanish people. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE) was used, comprising a sample of 17,704 people diagnosed with malignant tumors. The findings revealed compelling associations (P < 0.001) between all variables examined and the prevalence of malignant tumors. Notably, women exhibited a higher prevalence than men (P < 0.05). Furthermore, individuals classified as obese displayed a greater prevalence of tumors than those within the normal weight range (P < 0.05). The analysis also showed that the inactive group had a higher prevalence of malignant tumors than the active group (P < 0.05). This study identified significant dependency relationships (P < 0.001) between PAL and the various population groups examined. Additionally, the general population analyzed in the ENSE2017 study demonstrated a reduced risk of developing malignant tumors among the active (P < 0.05) and very active groups (P < 0.05) compared to the inactive group. This risk reduction was consistently observed across different subgroups, including men, women, specific age groups, smoking, and BMI categories (P < 0.05). This study highlighted the importance of regular physical activity in reducing the risk and prevalence of malignant tumors in the Spanish population. These findings underscore the critical role of engaging in physical activity as a protective measure against cancer. Encouraging individuals to adopt an active lifestyle could significantly contribute to cancer prevention efforts and promote overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Franco-García
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, 8370040, Chile
| | - Yeray Rodríguez-Redondo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 06810, Mérida, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rosa María García-Carrillo
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSO) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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Jang I, Kyun S, Hwang D, Kim T, Lim K, Park HY, Kim SW, Kim J. Chronic Administration of Exogenous Lactate Increases Energy Expenditure during Exercise through Activation of Skeletal Muscle Energy Utilization Capacity in Mice. Metabolites 2024; 14:220. [PMID: 38668348 PMCID: PMC11052295 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of chronic exogenous lactate and exercise training, which influence energy substrate utilization and body composition improvements at rest and during exercise, and investigated the availability of lactate as a metabolic regulator. The mice were divided into four groups: CON (sedentary + saline), LAC (sedentary + lactate), EXE (exercise + saline), and EXLA (exercise + lactate). The total experimental period was set at 4 weeks, the training intensity was set at 60-70% VO2max, and each exercise group was administered a solution immediately after exercise. Changes in the energy substrate utilization at rest and during exercise, the protein levels related to energy substrate utilization in skeletal muscles, and the body composition were measured. Lactate intake and exercise increased carbohydrate oxidation as a substrate during exercise, leading to an increased energy expenditure and increased protein levels of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase 2, key factors in the TCA(tricarboxylic acid) cycle of skeletal muscle. Exercise, but not lactate intake, induced the upregulation of the skeletal muscle glucose transport factor 4 and a reduction in body fat. Hence, chronic lactate administration, as a metabolic regulator, influenced energy substrate utilization by the skeletal muscle and increased energy expenditure during exercise through the activation of carbohydrate metabolism-related factors. Therefore, exogenous lactate holds potential as a metabolic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkwon Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Alanezi F. Examining the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behaviors and lifestyle changes among cancer patients. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241244563. [PMID: 38567408 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241244563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behavioral changes among cancer patients. Methods: A quasi-experiment design with qualitative approach was adopted in this study, as the ChatGPT technology is novel, and many people are unaware of it. The participants included outpatients at a public hospital. An experiment was carried out, where the participants used ChatGPT for seeking cancer related information for two weeks, which is then followed by focus group (FG) discussions. A total of 72 outpatients participated in ten focus groups. Results: Three main themes with 14 sub-themes were identified reflecting the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behavior changes. Its prominent role was observed in developing health literacy, promoting self-management of conditions through emotional, informational, motivational support. Three challenges including privacy, lack of personalization, and reliability issues were identified. Conclusion: Although ChatGPT has a huge potential in promoting health behavior changes among cancer patients, its ability is minimized by several factors such as regulatory, reliability, and privacy issues. There is a need for further evidence to generalize the results across the regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alanezi
- College of Business Administration, Department Management Information Systems, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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AziziKia H, Teymourzadeh A, Kouchaki H, Nakhostin-Ansari A, Jafari Doudaran P, Ahmadinejad I, Hoveidaei A, Roshandel G. Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran Based on Sex, Age, and Geographical Regions: A Study of 2014-2017 and Projected Rates to 2025. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2024; 27:174-182. [PMID: 38685843 PMCID: PMC11097305 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there has been extensive research on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and its associated factors in Iran, a significant gap exists in studies predicting its future trends. Our study aimed to thoroughly report CRC incidence across Iran from 2014 to 2017, by sex, age, and geographical regions, and provide a projection for 2025. METHODS This retrospective study utilized data from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR). Patients with the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition (ICD-O-3) codes C18 to C21 were included. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR), was calculated per 100000 individuals annually, and crude incidence rates were retrieved for various demographic groups and years. RESULTS Between 2014 and 2017, a total of 43580 new CRC cases (55.96% males) were registered. Men exhibited an ASR of 134.45, while women's ASR was 94.85. The highest ASRs were observed in Tehran, Qom, and Ilam (18.99, 18.26, and 18.06, respectively). Incidence rates surpassed 20 after age 50 for both genders, reaching their peak within the 80-84 age group. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type of CRC in nearly all provinces. Case numbers and ASRs are projected to continuously rise until 2025, with a predominance of male cases. CONCLUSION The anticipated increase in CRC incidence in Iran emphasizes the need for additional studies to better identify risk factors. Furthermore, implementing screening programs is recommended for individuals at a higher risk of CRC, including men, the elderly population, and those residing in regions with a notable prevalence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani AziziKia
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Azin Teymourzadeh
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Kouchaki
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Armin Hoveidaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sharman R, Harris Z, Ernst B, Mussallem D, Larsen A, Gowin K. Lifestyle Factors and Cancer: A Narrative Review. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2024; 8:166-183. [PMID: 38468817 PMCID: PMC10925935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors and their impact on cancer prevention, prognosis, and survivorship are increasingly recognized in the medical literature. Lifestyle factors are primarily defined here as diet and physical activity. We conducted a narrative review of the primary published data, including randomized controlled trials and prospective studies, on the impact of primary lifestyle factors on oncogenesis and clinical outcomes in the preventative and survivorship setting. First, we discuss the oncogenic mechanisms behind primary lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity and, within these 2, obesity). Then, we discuss the impact of adherence to lifestyle guidelines and dietary patterns on cancer incidence based on primary data. Owing to the plethora of published literature, to summarize the data in a more efficient manner, we describe the role of physical activity on cancer incidence using summative systematic reviews. We end by synthesizing the primary data on lifestyle factors in the survivorship setting and conclude with potential future directions. In brief, the various large-scale studies investigating the role diet and physical activity have reported a beneficial effect on cancer prevention and survivorship. Although the impact of single lifestyle factors on cancer incidence risk reduction is generally supported, holistic approaches to address the potential synergistic impact of multiple lifestyle factors together in concert is limited. Future research to identify the potentially synergistic effects of lifestyle modifications on oncogenesis and clinical outcomes is needed, particularly in cancer subtypes beyond colorectal and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reya Sharman
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Zoey Harris
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Brenda Ernst
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Dawn Mussallem
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ashley Larsen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Krisstina Gowin
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Tsukanov V, Ryabokon A, Tonkikh Y, Vasyutin A. Colorectal cancer: incidence, risk factors, and screening. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 27:93. [DOI: 10.17116/profmed20242703193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
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Williams DM, Bohlen LC, Dunsiger S, Ayala-Heredia V, Griffin E, Dionne L, Wilson-Barthes M, Unick J, LaRowe LR, Galárraga O. Testing an insurance-based monetary incentive program for exercise: RCT design and rationale. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 135:107382. [PMID: 37935304 PMCID: PMC10698803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Participation in regular physical activity (PA) has numerous health benefits; however, as few as 10% of U.S. adults meet guidelines when device-based assessments of PA are used. The present paper presents the design and rationale for an RCT examining the efficacy of an exercise incentive program currently offered by at least three major US insurance companies, in which participants must attend a YMCA fitness facility at least 50 times within 6 months to receive an incentive. In a factorial design, incentive amount ($200, $100, $0) is crossed with a comparison of the standard gain-framed incentive program and a loss-framed incentive condition in which participants are told their membership fee is being held and will be returned or forfeited depending on their fitness facility attendance. Participants (N = 330) are randomized to gain-framed $100 incentive (n = 55), gain-framed $200 incentive (n = 55), loss-framed $100 incentive (n = 55), loss-framed $200 incentive (n = 55), or control (n = 110). Each participant is enrolled in the same condition for two consecutive 6-month periods for a total of 12 months per participant. The primary outcome is number of visits to the fitness facility over each 6-month period, verified by objective swipe-card data. Secondary outcomes include total moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) over 7-day periods assessed at 3-month intervals through accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3x-BT) and self-report. Habit formation and anticipated regret are putative mediators and household income is a putative moderator of the incentive-based programs. A payer-perspective, within-trial cost-utility analysis will quantify the incremental costs per (a) quality-adjusted life year gained, (b) YMCA attendance, and (c) change in MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Williams
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Lauren Connell Bohlen
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Viveka Ayala-Heredia
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Griffin
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Dionne
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marta Wilson-Barthes
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessica Unick
- The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisa R LaRowe
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Omar Galárraga
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Walldorf J, Mezger NCS, Weber L, Knothe A, Klose M, Moritz S, Kantelhardt EJ, Feller S, Schlitt A, Greinert R, Michl P. [Climate Crisis: What Gastrointestinal Complications of this Medical Emergency Should We Be Aware Of?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:1608-1617. [PMID: 37044125 DOI: 10.1055/a-2058-8883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The climate crisis has serious consequences for many areas of life. This applies in particular to human health - also in Europe. While cardiovascular, pneumological and dermatological diseases related to the climate crisis are often discussed, the crisis' significant gastroenterological consequences for health must also be considered. METHODS A literature search (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) was used to identify papers with relevance particularly to the field of gastroenterology in (Central) Europe. Findings were supplemented and discussed by an interdisciplinary team. RESULTS The climate crisis impacts the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal diseases in Europe due to more frequent and severe heat waves, flooding and air pollution. While patients with intestinal diseases are particularly vulnerable to acute weather events, the main long-term consequences of climate change are gastrointestinal cancer and liver disease. In addition to gastroenteritis, other infectious diseases such as vector-borne diseases and parasites are important in the context of global warming, heat waves and floods. DISCUSSION Adaptation strategies must be consistently developed and implemented for vulnerable groups. Patients at risk should be informed about measures that can be implemented individually, such as avoiding heat, ensuring appropriate hydration and following hygiene instructions. Recommendations for physical activity and a healthy and sustainable diet are essential for the prevention of liver diseases and carcinomas. Measures for prevention and the promotion of resilience can be supported by the physicians at various levels. In addition to efforts fostering sustainability in the immediate working environment, a system-oriented commitment to climate protection is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walldorf
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Christian Simon Mezger
- Arbeitsgruppe Global and Planetary Health, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lena Weber
- Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anja Knothe
- Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michelle Klose
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Moritz
- Klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Arbeitsgruppe Global and Planetary Health, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Feller
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Axel Schlitt
- Paracelsus-Harz-Klinik Bad Suderode, Bad Suderode, Germany
| | - Robin Greinert
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
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Deng N, Reyes-Uribe L, Fahrmann JF, Thoman WS, Munsell MF, Dennison JB, Murage E, Wu R, Hawk ET, Thirumurthi S, Lynch PM, Dieli-Conwright CM, Lazar AJ, Jindal S, Chu K, Chelvanambi M, Basen-Engquist K, Li Y, Wargo JA, McAllister F, Allison JP, Sharma P, Sinha KM, Hanash S, Gilchrist SC, Vilar E. Exercise Training Reduces the Inflammatory Response and Promotes Intestinal Mucosa-Associated Immunity in Lynch Syndrome. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4361-4372. [PMID: 37724990 PMCID: PMC10618653 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition with a high lifetime risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Exercise is a non-pharmacologic intervention to reduce cancer risk, though its impact on patients with LS has not been prospectively studied. Here, we evaluated the impact of a 12-month aerobic exercise cycling intervention in the biology of the immune system in LS carriers. PATIENTS AND METHODS To address this, we enrolled 21 patients with LS onto a non-randomized, sequential intervention assignation, clinical trial to assess the effect of a 12-month exercise program that included cycling classes 3 times weekly for 45 minutes versus usual care with a one-time exercise counseling session as control. We analyzed the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, circulating, and colorectal-tissue biomarkers using metabolomics, gene expression by bulk mRNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics by NanoString GeoMx. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in oxygen consumption (VO2peak) as a primary outcome of the exercise and a decrease in inflammatory markers (prostaglandin E) in colon and blood as the secondary outcomes in the exercise versus usual care group. Gene expression profiling and spatial transcriptomics on available colon biopsies revealed an increase in the colonic mucosa levels of natural killer and CD8+ T cells in the exercise group that were further confirmed by IHC studies. CONCLUSIONS Together these data have important implications for cancer interception in LS, and document for the first-time biological effects of exercise in the immune system of a target organ in patients at-risk for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Reyes-Uribe
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johannes F. Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Whittney S. Thoman
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark F. Munsell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer B. Dennison
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eunice Murage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ranran Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest T. Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Selvi Thirumurthi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M. Lynch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christina M. Dieli-Conwright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonali Jindal
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Khoi Chu
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Manoj Chelvanambi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Yisheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - James P. Allison
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Krishna M. Sinha
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan C. Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
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15
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Spanoudaki M, Giaginis C, Karafyllaki D, Papadopoulos K, Solovos E, Antasouras G, Sfikas G, Papadopoulos AN, Papadopoulou SK. Exercise as a Promising Agent against Cancer: Evaluating Its Anti-Cancer Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5135. [PMID: 37958310 PMCID: PMC10648074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cases are continuously increasing, while the prevalence rates of physical inactivity are also continuously increasing. Physical inactivity is a causative factor in non-communicable diseases, including cancer. However, the potential beneficial effects of exercise on cancer treatment have not received much attention so far. The aim of this study was to highlight the relationship between cancer and exercise on a molecular basis. METHODS Comprehensive and in-depth research was conducted in the most accurate scientific databases by using relevant and effective keywords. RESULTS The mechanisms by which exercise may reduce cancer risk and/or progression may include the metabolic profile of hormones, systemic inflammation reduction, insulin sensitivity increase, antioxidant capacity augmentation, the boost to the immune system, and the direct effect on the tumor. There is currently substantial evidence that the effect of exercise may predict a stronger association with cancer and could supplementarily be embedded in cancer clinical practice to improve disease progression and prognosis. CONCLUSION The field of this study requires interconnecting the overall knowledge of exercise physiology with cancer biology and cancer clinical oncology to provide the basis for personalized targeting strategies that can be merged with training as a component of a holistic co-treatment approach to optimize cancer healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.K.P.)
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Karafyllaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece;
| | | | - Evangelos Solovos
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Georgios Sfikas
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Athanasios N. Papadopoulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.K.P.)
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16
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Orange ST. What is the optimal type and dose of physical activity for colorectal cancer prevention? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 66:101841. [PMID: 37852708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence shows that higher levels of physical activity reduce the relative risk of colon cancer by up to 20%. To design optimal physical activity interventions for primary prevention, it is important to understand how the specific characteristics of physical activity (type, intensity, overall volume) influence the magnitude of colon cancer risk reduction. Improving our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms will also help to manipulate physical activity characteristics to precisely target mechanisms of action and identify populations most likely to benefit. This review synthesizes the best available evidence to explore how the type and dose of physical activity moderate the protective effect of physical activity on colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Orange
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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17
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Flynn L, Fallows S. Bowel cancer knowledge gaps evident among Irish residents: results of a national questionnaire survey. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2085-2093. [PMID: 36656421 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of knowledge of bowel cancer, its symptoms and risk factors are unknown in Irish residents. An understanding of bowel cancer awareness may be useful in aiding healthcare professionals, and policy makers develop improved bowel cancer awareness programmes and public health initiatives in Ireland. AIMS AND METHODS A 22-question online questionnaire survey was designed to gather data to assess residents' awareness of bowel cancer, its symptoms, and risk factors and to determine reasons for not participating in BowelScreen Ireland. RESULTS There were 449 participants (329 women, 119 men and 1 'prefer not to say'). The majority of participants were aged 35-49 years (42.8%), and 82.6% had completed a third level qualification. Irish residents (non-healthcare professionals/scientists (NHCP/S)) recalled on average less than three warning signs/symptoms. Among NHCP/S the most well-recalled protective diet and lifestyle choices were active lifestyle/exercise (62.1%), a fibre rich diet (45.4%) and no/low alcohol consumption (32.1%). Many were unable to recall red and processed meat as risk factors with only 10.7% and 4.9%, respectively, citing these foods. However, prompted awareness was superior with 71.1% agreeing or strongly agreeing that consumption of red and processed meat is a risk factor. 43.4% said they would be 'fairly confident' in recognising a sign/symptom, but more than a third (38.7%) reported they were 'not very confident'. CONCLUSION This survey emphasises the need to improve the awareness of bowel cancer as gaps in this specific cancer knowledge were evident among Irish residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flynn
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| | - Stephen Fallows
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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18
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Feng CH, Zhang Q, Chen J, Mao LQ, Sun Q, He Y, Yao LH. Factors influencing age at onset of colorectal polyps and benefit-finding after polypectomy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35336. [PMID: 37773792 PMCID: PMC10545222 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening, followed by colonoscopic polypectomy, has been widely performed in China. However, factors influencing age at onset of colorectal polyps and benefit-finding after polypectomy have been insufficiently studied or ignored. A total of 152 patients with colorectal polyps first detected in First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University from July to September 2022 were enrolled in this study. We selected 11 factors associated with the risk of colorectal polyps, including gender, body mass index, occupational stress, education level, income satisfaction, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise frequency, diet, family history and polyp characteristics. Benefit-finding after polypectomy was obtained by follow-up for 142 of these patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that being overweight (i.e., body mass index ≥25 kg/m2), higher education level, lower exercise frequency, and refrigerated food preference were associated with early-onset colorectal polyps. Patients with a preference for pickled food and age ≥50 years at first colorectal polyp detection had lower benefit findings after colonoscopic polypectomy. Colorectal polyps may develop earlier in people who are overweight, well-educated, exercise less, and prefer refrigerated food. In addition, patients who prefer pickled food and age at onset ≥50 years have lower benefit-finding requiring more attention in future colonoscopy follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qi Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Wuxing District, Wuxing Branch of the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying He
- Central Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hua Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, P.R. China
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19
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Falz R, Bischoff C, Thieme R, Tegtbur U, Hillemanns P, Stolzenburg JU, Aktas B, Bork U, Weitz J, Lässing J, Leps C, Voß J, Lordick F, Schulze A, Gockel I, Busse M. Effect of home-based online training and activity feedback on oxygen uptake in patients after surgical cancer therapy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:293. [PMID: 37553660 PMCID: PMC10408062 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is beneficial in enhancing physical function and quality of life in cancer patients. Its comprehensive implementation remains challenging, and underlying cardiopulmonary adaptations are poorly investigated. This randomized controlled trial examines the implementation and effects of home-based online training on cardiopulmonary variables and physical activity. METHODS Of screened post-surgical patients with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer, 148 were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention (2 × 30 min/week of strength-endurance training using video presentations) and a control group. All patients received activity feedback during the 6-month intervention period. Primary endpoint was change in oxygen uptake after 6 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in cardiac output, rate pressure product, quality of life (EORTC QoL-C30), C-reactive protein, and activity behavior. RESULTS One hundred twenty-two patients (62 intervention and 60 control group) completed the study period. Change in oxygen uptake between intervention and control patients was 1.8 vs. 0.66 ml/kg/min (estimated difference after 6 months: 1.24; 95% CI 0.23 to 2.55; p = 0.017). Rate pressure product was reduced in IG (estimated difference after 6 months: - 1079; 95% CI - 2157 to - 1; p = 0.05). Physical activity per week was not different in IG and CG. There were no significant interaction effects in body composition, cardiac output, C-reactive protein, or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Home-based online training among post-surgery cancer patients revealed an increase of oxygen uptake and a decrease of myocardial workload during exercise. The implementation of area-wide home-based training and activity feedback as an integral component in cancer care and studies investigating long-term effects are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS-ID: DRKS00020499 ; Registered 17 March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Falz
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Christian Bischoff
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bork
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Lässing
- Institute of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Leps
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Johannes Voß
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antina Schulze
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Xiao Y, Wang Y, Gu H, Xu Z, Tang Y, He H, Peng L, Xiang L. Adherence to the Paleolithic diet and Paleolithic-like lifestyle reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in the United States: a prospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:482. [PMID: 37468920 PMCID: PMC10357623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-based paleolithic diet (PD) and the paleolithic-like lifestyle (PLL) may reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including colorectal adenomas. These dietary and lifestyle approaches are proposed to exert their effects through mechanisms such as reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin levels. However, whether PD and PLL is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been determined. METHODS A cohort of 74,721 individuals who participated in the PLCO study were included in this analysis. Adherence to the PD and PLL was assessed using PD and PLL scores, where higher scores indicated greater adherence. Multivariable Cox models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of CRC and its subsites (proximal colon cancer and distal CRC). Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential effect modifiers. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 9.2 years, a total of 694 CRC cases were identified. Participants in the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of PD score had a lower risk of CRC (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.95, Ptrend = 0.009) and proximal colon cancer (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97, Ptrend = 0.02). A stronger inverse association was observed for PLL score with the risk of CRC (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.51-0.81, Ptrend < 0.001), proximal colon (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46-0.83, Ptrend = 0.001) and distal CRC (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48-0.98, Ptrend = 0.03). Subgroup analyses revealed the inverse association of PD score with the risk of CRC was more pronounced in participants with BMI < 30 (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53-0.87) than in those with BMI ≥ 30 (Q4 vs Q1: HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.68-1.67) (Pinteraction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that adhering to the PD and PLL could be a new option to reduce CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288, Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288, Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288, Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhiquan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288, Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288, Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hongmei He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288, Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288, Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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21
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Medici B, Riccò B, Caffari E, Zaniboni S, Salati M, Spallanzani A, Garajovà I, Benatti S, Chiavelli C, Dominici M, Gelsomino F. Early Onset Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current Insights and Clinical Management of a Rising Condition. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3509. [PMID: 37444619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a recent overall decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality, there has been a significant rise in CRC diagnoses in young adults. Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as CRC diagnosed before the age of 50. Possible predisposing conditions include not only genetic syndromes but also other risk factors, such as microbiome alteration, antibiotic exposure, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. EOCRC tends to be diagnosed later than in the older counterpart because of a lack of awareness and the fact that screening for CRC usually starts at the age of 50. Furthermore, CRC in young adults seems to be related to unique molecular features and more aggressive clinical behavior. This paper aims to provide an in-depth review of this poorly understood subject, with a comprehensive review of the state of the art and considerations for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Medici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Riccò
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenia Caffari
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Zaniboni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallanzani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ingrid Garajovà
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Benatti
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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22
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Frieler M, Moore M, Longacre ML. Primary and Secondary Prevention Interventions to Reduce Risk Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer in High-Risk Groups: a Systematic Literature Review. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023; 38:738-751. [PMID: 36826735 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the USA, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Certain groups in the USA are at an increased risk of developing CRC, including those with a genetic risk and family history. The purpose of this project was to synthesize primary and secondary prevention interventions for individuals who are at high risk of CRC due to family history or genetic predisposition. This study systematically reviewed articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO using specific search terms to find relevant articles. Sixteen articles were identified for full-text review, which were categorized as non-drug interventions (n = 7) and drug interventions (n = 9). Non-drug interventions focused primarily on increasing screening in those with a first-degree relative (FDR) with CRC or those with Lynch syndrome (LS). Interventions that increased CRC screening often had a tailored component and were otherwise varied in study designs and intervention type. Drug interventions focused on the use of NSAIDs on patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Studies showed very little racial and ethnic diversity. Findings suggest that tailored interventions are particularly effective in increasing CRC screening, and greater diversity of sample is needed with respect to race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Frieler
- Department of Public Health, Arcadia University, 450 Easton Rd, Glenside, PA, 19038, USA
| | - McKenna Moore
- Department of Public Health, Arcadia University, 450 Easton Rd, Glenside, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Margaret L Longacre
- Department of Public Health, Arcadia University, 450 Easton Rd, Glenside, PA, 19038, USA.
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23
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Galliardt M, Betz U, Birklein F, Drees P, Geber C. Falls during oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies - (lessons learned from) a prospective study. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230696. [PMID: 37251538 PMCID: PMC10224621 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective cohort study aimed to characterise the impact of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and its neurotoxic side effects (i.e., chemotherapy-induced neuropathy) on functional fall-risk and falls. Twenty chemotherapy-naïve participants (mean age, 59 years; 16 males) were consecutively included. A multimodal fall risk assessment was performed at four time points within 6 months. Polyneuropathy was assessed using the Neurologic Disability Scale; the fall risk was assessed by functional tests (Tinetti Test, Chair-Rising Test, and Timed up and Go Test). Patient-reported outcomes comprised the Hospitality Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I) to assess the fear of falling, and the Physical Activity for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire. Three falls occurred during the study. All fallen participants had a high fall risk-index (≥4 more risk factors) compared to only 30% of the non-fallen participants (p = 0.03) and suffered more frequently from pre-existing mild polyneuropathy (p = 0.049). Study discontinuation (n = 12) was associated with a higher rate of polypharmacy (p = 0.045), anxiety (HADS-A, p = 0.03), and specific fear of falling (FES-I, p = 0.025). In contrast, study completers (n = 8) reported an improvement in physical activity (PASE) (p = 0.018). In summary, pre-existing fall-risk factors impacted more falls than chemotherapy. A fall risk index offers a time-efficient screening option in an outpatient oncological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Galliardt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Betz
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Geber
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- DRK Schmerz-Zentrum, Auf der Steig 14-16, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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24
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Hajebi A, Nasserinejad M, Azadnajafabad S, Ghasemi E, Rezaei N, Yoosefi M, Ghamari A, Keykhaei M, Ghanbari A, Mohammadi E, Rashidi MM, Gorgani F, Moghimi M, Namazi Shabestari A, Farzadfar F. Physical Inactivity, Inequalities, and Disparities Across Districts of Iran: A STEPs Survey-Based Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37172954 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate the prevalence of physical inactivity in all districts of Iran and the disparities between subgroups defined by various measures. METHODS Small area estimation method was employed to estimate the prevalence of physical inactivity in districts based on the remaining districts in which data on the level of physical inactivity were available. Various comparisons on the estimations were done based on socioeconomic, sex, and geographical stratifications to determine the disparities of physical inactivity among districts of Iran. RESULTS All districts of Iran had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity compared with the world average. The estimated prevalence of physical inactivity among all men in all districts was 46.8% (95% uncertainty interval, 45.9%-47.7%). The highest and lowest estimated disparity ratio of physical inactivity were 1.95 and 1.14 in males, and 2.25 and 1.09 in females, respectively. Females significantly had a higher prevalence of 63.5% (62.7%-64.3%). Among both sexes, the poor population and urban residents significantly had higher prevalence of physical inactivity than rich population and rural residents, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of physical inactivity among Iranian adult population suggests the urgent need to adopt population-wide action plans and policies to handle this major public health problem and avert the probable burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Hajebi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Maryam Nasserinejad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran,Iran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Azin Ghamari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Fateme Gorgani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Mana Moghimi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Alireza Namazi Shabestari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
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25
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Masdor NA, Abu Bakar MF, Hod R, Mohammed Nawi A. Green space exposure and colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15572. [PMID: 37153430 PMCID: PMC10160744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Green space has been linked to colorectal cancer, but the evidence is still limited and inconclusive. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between green space and CRC. The studies were searched using three primary journal databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The retrieved citations were screened, and data from articles about GS exposure and CRC were extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies was used to evaluate the studies' quality. Five of the 1792 articles identified were eligible for the final review, which included five cohort studies published between 2017 and 2022. Each one article from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and Germany and All studies are of high quality. Four studies reported CRC incidence and one study reported CRC mortality from GS exposure. There was no significant association between GS attributes (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surrounding greenness, surrounding green area, proximity to GS (agricultural lands, urban GSs, and forests), and count of recreational facilities and parks) with CRC. Only one study discovered that a healthier ecosystem was linked to a lower CRC risk. Although the evidence is still limited, the findings may indicate the presence of other factors in the relationship between GS and CRC. Future research should continue to focus on the variation of GS and the factors that influence it. Specific attention to the development of GS has the potential to produce benefits while mitigating cancer risk.
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26
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Bohlen LC, LaRowe LR, Dunsiger SI, Dionne L, Griffin E, Kim AE, Marcus BH, Unick J, Wu WC, Williams DM. Comparing a recommendation for self-paced versus moderate intensity physical activity for midlife adults: Rationale and design. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 128:107169. [PMID: 36972866 PMCID: PMC10183157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Current U.S. guidelines recommend that adults obtain 150 min per week of moderate intensity physical activity (PA), 75 min of vigorous intensity PA, or some equivalent combination. However, less than half of U.S. adults reach this goal, with the proportion even smaller among adults with overweight or obesity. Moreover, regular PA declines after age 45-50. Previous research suggests a shift in national guidelines to emphasize PA of a self-selected intensity (i.e., self-paced), instead of prescribed moderate intensity PA, may result in better adherence to PA programs, particularly among midlife adults with overweight or obesity. The present paper presents the protocol for a field-based RCT testing the hypothesis that adherence to PA programs is improved when PA is explicitly recommended to be self-paced rather than prescribed at moderate intensity among midlife (ages 50-64) adults (N = 240) with overweight or obesity. All participants receive a 12-month intervention designed to help them overcome barriers to regular PA and are randomly assigned to either self-paced or prescribed moderate intensity PA. The primary outcome is total volume of PA (minutes by intensity) as measured by accelerometry. Secondary outcomes include self-reported min/week of PA and changes in bodyweight. Additionally, using ecological momentary assessment, we examine putative mediators of treatment effects. We hypothesize self-paced PA will lead to a more positive affective response to PA, more perceived autonomy, and lower perceived exertion during PA, and thus greater increases in PA behavior. Findings will have direct implications for PA intensity recommendations among midlife adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Connell Bohlen
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisa R LaRowe
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Shira I Dunsiger
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Dionne
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Griffin
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alison E Kim
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bess H Marcus
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessica Unick
- The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- The Miriam Hospital, Lifespan Cardiovascular Wellness and Prevention Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David M Williams
- Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Providence, RI, USA.
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27
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Rim CH, Lee WJ, Akhmedov O, Sabirov U, Ten Y, Ziyayev Y, Tillyashaykhov M, Rim JS. Challenges and Suggestions in the Management of Stomach and Colorectal Cancer in Uzbekistan: The Third Report of the Uzbekistan-Korea Oncology Consortium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085477. [PMID: 37107759 PMCID: PMC10138433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In general, as the national standard of living and life expectancy of people increase, the health burden of cancer also increases. Prevention strategies, including the screening and investigation of the causes of cancer as well as the expansion of treatment infrastructure, are necessary. In this review, we discussed the management strategies for gastric and colorectal cancers in Uzbekistan. Gastrointestinal cancers can be significantly prevented by certain screening strategies such as endoscopic examination. Furthermore, as both cancer types are closely related to the eating habits and lifestyles of people in Uzbekistan, such causes should be investigated and prevented. Practical advice to increase the efficiency of treatment is included, considering the current situation in Uzbekistan. Data from South Korea, which has performed nationwide screening for two decades and has made progress in improving the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancers, will be discussed as a literature control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hong Rim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jae Lee
- Department of Healthcare Management, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Odiljon Akhmedov
- Department of science, Republican Specialized Scientific Practical-Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Farobiy Street 383, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan
| | - Ulugbek Sabirov
- Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100011, Uzbekistan
| | - Yakov Ten
- Department of science, Republican Specialized Scientific Practical-Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Farobiy Street 383, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan
| | - Yakhyo Ziyayev
- Department of science, Republican Specialized Scientific Practical-Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Farobiy Street 383, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan
| | - Mirzagaleb Tillyashaykhov
- Department of science, Republican Specialized Scientific Practical-Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Farobiy Street 383, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (J.S.R.); Tel.: +998-712462582 (M.T.); +82-2-2626-1523 (J.S.R.); Fax: +82-2-837-6245 (J.S.R.)
| | - Jae Suk Rim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro 2-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (J.S.R.); Tel.: +998-712462582 (M.T.); +82-2-2626-1523 (J.S.R.); Fax: +82-2-837-6245 (J.S.R.)
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28
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Kim MC, Kim KO. Reply to "The causal association between sarcopenia and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis". Korean J Intern Med 2023; 38:269-270. [PMID: 36800671 PMCID: PMC9993093 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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29
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Saraiva MR, Rosa I, Claro I. Early-onset colorectal cancer: A review of current knowledge. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1289-1303. [PMID: 36925459 PMCID: PMC10011966 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i8.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Although most prevalent among older people, its incidence above 50 years old has been decreasing globally in the last decades, probably as a result of better screening. Paradoxically, its incidence in patients below 50 years old [early-onset CRC (EO-CRC)] has been increasing, for reasons not yet fully understood. EO-CRC’s increasing incidence is genre independent but shows racial disparities and has been described to occur worldwide. It follows a birth-cohort effect which probably reflects a change in exposure to CRC risk factors. Its incidence is predicted to double until 2030, which makes EO-CRC a serious public health issue. Both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been identified - some are potential targets for preventive measures. EO-CRC is often diagnosed at advanced stages and histological features associated with poor prognosis have been described. EO-CRC presents some distinctive features: Microsatellite in-stability is common, but another subtype of tumours, both microsatellite and chromosome stable also seems relevant. There are no age-specific treatment protocols and studies on EO-CRC survival rates have shown conflicting data. Due to the higher germline pathological mutations found in EO-CRC patients, an accurate genetic risk evaluation should be performed. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and molecular features of EO-CRC and discuss the contribution of genetics and lifestyle risk factors. We further comment on screening strategies and specific dimensions to consider when dealing with a younger cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida R Saraiva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa 1099-023, Portugal
| | - Isadora Rosa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa 1099-023, Portugal
| | - Isabel Claro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa 1099-023, Portugal
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30
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Ye X, Han P, Wu Z, Cui Y, Chen Y, Chen Z, Gao Q. New management of surveillance in patients with baseline serrated polyps: a large single-center retrospective cohort study in China. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:181-190. [PMID: 36574309 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serrate d polyps (SP) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Patients with SP history tend to have SP recurrence. However, the risk factors for metachronous polyps (MP) in those patients are not well established. METHODS Data of colonoscopy were retrospectively reviewed from October 2012 to October 2021. The pathology database, electronic medical records and telephone follow-up data were also observed. RESULTS A total of 906 patients were studied including 278 patients with MPs and 628 patients without. The multiplicity of polyps (OR, 13.63; 95% CI, 8.80-21.75), older age (OR, 5.71; 95% CI, 1.87-20.63), abdominal obesity (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 0.98-6.42), current smoker (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.15-7.83) and sedentary lifestyle (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.65) are significantly associated with the risk of MPs. Patients with baseline SP < 10 mm were more likely to develop higher or same risk-grade polyps (HSRGP) ( P = 0.0014). Patients with non-clinically significant SPs whether coexisted with adenoma or not were more likely to develop HSRGPs when compared to others ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Total number of polyps, older age, sedentary behavior, abdominal obesity and smoking status contributed to the risk of MPs at surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with grade 1 SPs might require closer surveillance. SPs coexisting with conventional adenoma did not increase the risk of MPs but may increase the risk of developing HSRGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxi Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health
| | - Peiyi Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health
| | - Yun Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health
| | - Zhaofei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health
| | - Qinyan Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Redondo-Flórez L, Ruisoto P, Navarro-Jiménez E, Ramos-Campo DJ, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Metabolic Health, Mitochondrial Fitness, Physical Activity, and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030814. [PMID: 36765772 PMCID: PMC9913323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a significant global health issue. Traditional genetic-based approaches to understanding and treating cancer have had limited success. Researchers are increasingly exploring the impact of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, on cancer development. Examining the role of mitochondria in this context is crucial for understanding the connections between metabolic health, physical activity, and cancer. This study aimed to review the literature on this topic through a comprehensive narrative review of various databases including MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. The review highlighted the importance of mitochondrial function in overall health and in regulating key events in cancer development, such as apoptosis. The concept of "mitochondrial fitness" emphasizes the crucial role of mitochondria in cell metabolism, particularly their oxidative functions, and how proper function can prevent replication errors and regulate apoptosis. Engaging in high-energy-demanding movement, such as exercise, is a powerful intervention for improving mitochondrial function and increasing resistance to environmental stressors. These findings support the significance of considering the role of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, in cancer development and treatment. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which physical activity improves mitochondrial function and potentially reduces the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruisoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Navarre, Spain
| | | | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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32
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Tacconi E, Palma G, De Biase D, Luciano A, Barbieri M, de Nigris F, Bruzzese F. Microbiota Effect on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production: From Cancer to Fitness-A Practical Preventing Recommendation and Therapies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030563. [PMID: 36771270 PMCID: PMC9920414 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for its close interactions with gut microbiota and implications for gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. The culprits in the origin of these pathologies may be food sources, in particular, high fat meat, offal, egg yolk, whole dairy products, and fatty fish, but intercalated between these food sources and the production of pro-inflammatory TMAO, the composition of gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating this process. The aim of this review is to explain how the gut microbiota interacts with the conversion of specific compounds into TMA and its oxidation to TMAO. We will first cover the correlation between TMAO and various pathologies such as dysbiosis, then focus on cardiovascular disease, with a particular emphasis on pro-atherogenic factors, and then on systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we will discuss primary prevention and therapies that are or may become possible. Possible treatments include modulation of the gut microbiota species with diets, physical activity and supplements, and administration of drugs, such as metformin and aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Tacconi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Barbieri
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
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33
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Christopher CN, Matthews CE, Saint-Maurice PF, Keadle SK. Impact of Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity Trajectories on Colon Cancer Risk over the Adult Life Course. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:30-36. [PMID: 36306403 PMCID: PMC9839573 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reduces colon cancer risk; however, it is unclear how the timing of MVPA throughout the adult life course impacts colon cancer risk. We evaluated whether maintenance and changes in MVPA levels over time are associated with colon cancer risk. METHODS We assessed 293,198 adults ages 50 to 71 years in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Participants completed baseline health and physical activity questionnaires between 1995 and 1997 and were followed through 2011, (average follow-up of 13.1 years). There were 5,072 colon cancer cases over the study period. Using latent class trajectory models, we identified seven distinct MVPA trajectories across the adult life course (15-18, 19-29, 30-35, and past 10-years) and ran Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS Compared with those who maintained low MVPA levels, those who maintained high and moderate levels of MVPA had a lower risk of colon cancer [HR, 0.85; confidence interval (CI), 0.78-0.93; HR = 0.87; CI, 0.76-1.00)], and those who increased MVPA levels early and later during adulthood had a lower colon cancer risk (HR, 0.90; CI, 0.80-1.01) and (HR, 0.92; CI, 0.80-1.06), respectively. Those who decreased MVPA early in adulthood had an increased risk of colon cancer (HR, 1.12; CI, 1.02-1.23). These associations were stronger in adults ages <65 years at baseline and in men (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Consistent participation in MVPA throughout life may reduce colon cancer risk. IMPACT These findings emphasize that engaging in MVPA throughout adulthood lowers risk of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cami N. Christopher
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA,Department of Population Health Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Charles E. Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Sarah Kozey Keadle
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA
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Lesnak JB, Berardi G, Sluka KA. Influence of routine exercise on the peripheral immune system to prevent and alleviate pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100126. [PMID: 37179769 PMCID: PMC10173010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Routine physical activity reduces the onset of pain and exercise is a first line treatment for individuals who develop chronic pain. In both preclinical and clinical research regular exercise (routine exercise sessions) produces pain relief through multiple mechanisms such as alterations in the central and peripheral nervous system. More recently, it has been appreciated that exercise can also alter the peripheral immune system to prevent or reduce pain. In animal models, exercise can alter the immune system at the site of injury or pain model induction, in the dorsal root ganglia, and systemically throughout the body to produce analgesia. Most notably exercise shows the ability to dampen the presence of pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines at these locations. Exercise decreases M1 macrophages and the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TFNα, while increasing M2 macrophages and the cytokines IL-10, IL-4, and IL-1ra. In clinical research, a single bout of exercise produces an acute inflammatory response, however repeated training can lead to an anti-inflammatory immune profile leading to symptom relief. Despite the clinical and immune benefits of routine exercise, the direct effect of exercise on immune function in clinical pain populations remains unexplored. This review will discuss in more detail the preclinical and clinical research which demonstrates the numerous ways through which multiple types of exercise alter the peripheral immune system. This review closes with the clinical implications of these findings along with suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Lesnak
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Berardi
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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35
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Chang WY, Chiu HM. Beyond colonoscopy: Physical activity as a viable adjunct to prevent colorectal cancer. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:33-46. [PMID: 35694899 DOI: 10.1111/den.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. The implementation of a mass screening program has been proven effective in reducing the global burden of CRC, but its effectiveness is not ideal and some metabolic derangements and lifestyle factors were reported to be attributable for such a deficit. Implementing positive lifestyle intervention as primary prevention therefore becomes critical because colorectal carcinogenesis can be promoted by several lifestyle factors, such as a lack of physical activity. Herein, we review the current evidence on the association and possible mechanisms between physical activity and CRC carcinogenesis. In addition, since CRC prevention heavily relies on resection of precancerous polyps and subsequent surveillance by colonoscopy, this review will also explore the impact of physical activity on populations with different colorectal polyp risks and its potential adjunct role in altering surveillance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Ding P, Ding C, Feng S. The health benefits of bicycling to school among adolescents in China: A propensity score matching study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1049254. [PMID: 37081956 PMCID: PMC10110905 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1049254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of high-income countries are now promoting active commuting to school as an opportunity for adolescents to increase physical activity (PA) and improve their health. Few studies have examined the multiple benefits of active travel to school among adolescents in developing countries, especially in China. Hence, this study aims to estimate the effects of bicycling to school on adolescents' subjective health, physical health, and sickness absence. Methods Self-reported and cross-sectional data from 6,353 school-aged children (12-19 years old) in the 2014-2015 China Education Panel Survey (CEPS2014-2015) were used. The independent variable was a binary, self-reported indicator of whether children bicycled to school. The dependent variables included subjective health (self-reported health, mental stress), physical health (BMI, kidney disease, lung disease, heart disease, brain disease, upper limb fracture, lower limb fracture, and sickness frequency), and sickness absence. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to estimate the causal effects of bicycling to school on adolescents' health. Results Bicycling to school positively affects both subjective and physical health. Those students who biked to school were associated with a higher self-rated health status, a healthier weight, a lower level of mental stress, and a lower risk of developing brain diseases. No significant relation is found between bicycling and sickness frequency, and sickness absence. Moreover, we separately compared the bicycling group with the walking group and the non-active travel group. There is still evidence that cycling is beneficial for students. Compared with walking to school, cycling to school resulted in a higher self-rated health score and a lower mental stress score. Physically, students who bicycled to school were less likely to be absent from school and suffer from kidney and brain diseases than students who walked to school. However, we do not find a significant difference in health outcomes from cycling compared to non-active modes of transportation. Further, differentiation of the health effects of bicycling across living areas shows that health effects are more pronounced for those living in edge and rural areas. Conclusion These findings provide evidence of the value of promoting bicycling to school in improving various adolescents' health outcomes in transitional China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Ding
- School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Ding
- School of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Suwei Feng
- School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Suwei Feng,
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AlZaabi A, AlHarrasi A, AlMusalami A, AlMahyijari N, Al Hinai K, ALAdawi H, Al-Shamsi HO. Early onset colorectal cancer: Challenges across the cancer care continuum. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104453. [PMID: 36268309 PMCID: PMC9577444 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Onset Colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence is increasing at an alarming pace. An increase of 90% in colon cancer and 124% in rectal cancer is expected by 2030. Patients with EOCRC are not receiving additional attention compared to older patients despite having a unique molecular pattern, majority of cases are sporadic, and related short- and long-term treatment and disease complications. The current management and screening guidelines have been constructed from studies on late onset CRC. Plethora of studies are ongoing to understand this disease entity in order to construct a tailored prevention, detection and management plans. While waiting for a better understanding of the disease, efforts should be directed toward improving the quality of care across the cancer continuum. Here we aim to address the challenges faced by EOCRC patients across the cancer continuum. This will facilitate directing future efforts and research toward construction of a personalized and precise guidelines. Studies showed that Ealy onset colorectal cancer is caused by an accumulative risk exposure. Indirect cost of premature death and reduced productivity due to EOCRC exceeds direct costs. Patients, system and physicians related diagnosis delays should be improved. Young cancer patients have unique survivorship concerns different from old patients.
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38
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Ghosh AC, Hu Y, Tattikota SG, Liu Y, Comjean A, Perrimon N. Modeling exercise using optogenetically contractible Drosophila larvae. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:623. [PMID: 36042416 PMCID: PMC9425970 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological effects of a number of metabolic and age-related disorders can be prevented to some extent by exercise and increased physical activity. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of muscle activity remain poorly explored. Availability of a fast, inexpensive, and genetically tractable model system for muscle activity and exercise will allow the rapid identification and characterization of molecular mechanisms that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Here, we report the development and characterization of an optogenetically-inducible muscle contraction (OMC) model in Drosophila larvae that we used to study acute exercise-like physiological responses. To characterize muscle-specific transcriptional responses to acute exercise, we performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, revealing striking similarities between acute exercise-induced genes in flies and those previously identified in humans. Our larval muscle contraction model opens a path for rapid identification and characterization of exercise-induced factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan C Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lumish MA, Cercek A. Practical Considerations in Diagnosing and Managing Early-Onset GI Cancers. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2662-2680. [PMID: 35839438 PMCID: PMC9390825 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of early-onset (EO) GI cancers occurring in individuals younger than age 50 years has been rising at an alarming rate over the past two decades. Although this rise in incidence among young patients correlates with increased rates of obesity, changes in diet, and alterations in the environment, the effects of these environmental factors on carcinogenesis, metastasis, and treatment response are unknown. Although several unique clinical trends exist among EO-GI cancers and their average-onset GI cancer counterparts, GI cancers are molecularly indistinct between younger and older patients, and no data support distinct treatment paradigms for patients with EO disease. The majority of EO-GI cancers are not explained by germline changes. There remains a critical need for further research to understand the pathogenesis and optimal management of EO-GI cancers. In addition, current screening strategies are not adequate to identify EO-GI cancers, and early biomarkers are needed. Specialized centers, with a focus on psychosocial aspects of cancer management, can address the unique care needs of patients with EO-GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Lumish
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY
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40
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Amirsasan R, Akbarzadeh M, Akbarzadeh S. Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35945569 PMCID: PMC9361674 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence rate of various chronic diseases especially numerous human malignancies. A huge number of clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated that exercise is significantly effective in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is suggested as an effective therapeutic modality against this cancer type. Therefore, in this review, we will review comprehensibly the effects of exercise in preventing, treating, and alleviating the adverse effects of conventional therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying the positive effects of exercise and physical activity in colorectal cancer, including regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, growth factor axis, immunity, epigenetic, etc. will be also discussed. Exercise is an effective post-treatment management program in colorectal cancer survivals Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, inflammation, apoptosis, immunity, epigenetic, Leptin and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are major underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Amirsasan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hatime Z, El Kinany K, Huybrechts I, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Khalis M, Meimouna SD, Boudouaya HA, Benslimane A, El Asri A, Abkari M, Bendahhou K, Ismaili MZ, El Rhazi K. Association of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Moroccan Adults: A Large-Scale, Population-Based Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:1859-1866. [PMID: 35763624 PMCID: PMC9587816 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.6.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in studies mainly conducted in high-income countries, while sedentary behavior has been suggested to increase CRC risk. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of physical activity and sedentary behavior on CRC risk in the Moroccan population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving 1516 case-control pairs, matched on age, sex and center in five university hospital centers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics, lifestyle habits, family history of CRC, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. Information on physical activity and sedentary behavior were collected by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). For each activity (work, household, and recreational activities), a metabolic equivalent (MET) was calculated using GPAQ recommendations. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between physical activity, sedentary behavior and the risk of overall CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer taking into account other CRC risk factors. RESULTS High level of physical activity was associated with lower risk of rectal cancer, colon cancer, and overall CRC, the adjusted odds ratios (ORa) for the highest versus the lowest level of activity were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54-0.82), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62-0.96), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.62-0.83), respectively. In contrast, sedentary behavior was positively associated with rectal cancer risk (ORa=1.19, 95% CI: 1.01-1.40), but was unrelated to colon cancer risk (ORa=1.02, 95% CI: 0.87-1.20). CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between physical activity and CRC risk in the Moroccan population, and a positive association between sedentary behavior and rectal cancer risk. Considering that one-third of the total population studied had a sedentary lifestyle, these results may be used to improve strategies of public health suitable for Moroccan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Hatime
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Khaoula El Kinany
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
| | - Marc J Gunter
- School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Khalis
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Sidi Deoula Meimouna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Hanae Abir Boudouaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Abdelilah Benslimane
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Achraf El Asri
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | | | | | | | - Karima El Rhazi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
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Jenniskens JCA, Offermans K, Simons CCJM, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, van der Meer JRM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA. Energy balance-related factors and risk of colorectal cancer based on KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations and MMR status. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2723-2742. [PMID: 35546360 PMCID: PMC9470639 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction KRAS mutations (KRASmut), PIK3CAmut, BRAFmut, and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have been associated with the Warburg-effect. We previously observed differential associations between energy balance-related factors (BMI, clothing-size, physical activity) and colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes based on the Warburg-effect. We now investigated whether associations between energy balance-related factors and risk of CRC differ between subgroups based on mutation and MMR status. Methods Information on molecular features was available for 2349 incident CRC cases within the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS), with complete covariate data available for 1934 cases and 3911 subcohort members. Multivariable-adjusted Cox-regression was used to estimate associations of energy balance-related factors with risk of CRC based on individual molecular features (KRASmut; PIK3CAmut; BRAFmut; dMMR) and combinations thereof (all-wild-type + MMR-proficient (pMMR); any-mutation/dMMR). Results In men, BMI and clothing-size were positively associated with risk of colon, but not rectal cancer, regardless of molecular features subgroups; the strongest associations were observed for PIK3CAmut colon cancer. In women, however, BMI and clothing-size were only associated with risk of KRASmut colon cancer (p-heterogeneityKRASmut versus all-wild-type+pMMR = 0.008). Inverse associations of non-occupational physical activity with risk of colon cancer were strongest for any-mutation/dMMR tumors in men and women, and specifically for PIK3CAmut tumors in women. Occupational physical activity was inversely associated with both combination subgroups of colon cancer in men. Conclusion In men, associations did not vary according to molecular features. In women, a role of KRAS mutations in the etiological pathway between adiposity and colon cancer is suggested, and of PIK3CA mutations between physical activity and colon cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04019-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C A Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Colinda C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaleesa R M van der Meer
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Awedew AF, Asefa Z, Belay WB. Burden and trend of colorectal cancer in 54 countries of Africa 2010-2019: a systematic examination for Global Burden of Disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:204. [PMID: 35468750 PMCID: PMC9036749 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer plays significant role in morbidity, mortality and economic cost in Africa. Objective To investigate the burden and trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of colorectal cancer in Africa from 2010 to 2019.
Methods This study was conducted according to Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 analytic and modeling strategies. The recent GBD 2019 study provided the most updated and compressive epidemiological evidence of cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and DALYs.
Results In 2019, there were 58,000 (95% UI: 52,000–65,000), 49,000 (95% UI: 43,000–54,000), and 1.3 million (95% UI: 1.14–1.46) incident cases, deaths and DALYs counts of colorectal cancer respectively in Africa. Between 2010 and 2019, incidence cases, death, and DALY counts of CRC were significantly increased by 48% (95% UI: 34–62%), 41% (95% UI: 28–55%), and 41% (95% UI: 27–56%) respectively. Change of age-standardised rates of incidence, death and DALYs were increased by 11% (95% UI: 1–21%), 6% (95% UI: − 3 to 16%), and 6% (95% UI: − 5 to 16%) respectively from 2010 to 2019. There were marked variations of burden of colorectal cancer at national level from 2010 to 2019 in Africa. Conclusion Increased age-standardised death rate and DALYs of colorectal cancer indicates low progress in CRC standard care-diagnosis and treatment, primary prevention of modifiable risk factors and implementation of secondary prevention modality. This serious effect would be due to poor cancer infrastructure and policy, low workforce capacity, cancer center for diagnosis and treatment, low finical security and low of universal health coverage in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zelalem Asefa
- Department of Surgery, SoM, Addis Ababa University, P.Box:1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Impact of Diet and Exercise on Colorectal Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:471-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hossain MS, Karuniawati H, Jairoun AA, Urbi Z, Ooi DJ, John A, Lim YC, Kibria KMK, Mohiuddin AM, Ming LC, Goh KW, Hadi MA. Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Carcinogenesis, Global Epidemiology, Current Challenges, Risk Factors, Preventive and Treatment Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071732. [PMID: 35406504 PMCID: PMC8996939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer. Global incidence and mortality are likely to be increased in the coming decades. Although the deaths associated with CRC are very high in high-income countries, the incidence and fatalities related to CRC are growing in developing countries too. CRC detected early is entirely curable by surgery and subsequent medications. However, the recurrence rate is high, and cancer drug resistance increases the treatment failure rate. Access to early diagnosis and treatment of CRC for survival is somewhat possible in developed countries. However, these facilities are rarely available in developing countries. Highlighting the current status of CRC, its development, risk factors, and management is crucial in creating public awareness. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensively discussed the current global epidemiology, drug resistance, challenges, risk factors, and preventive and treatment strategies of CRC. Additionally, there is a brief discussion on the CRC development pathways and recommendations for preventing and treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail 1900, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (L.C.M.); Tel.: +60-1169609649 (M.S.H.); +673-246-0922 (ext. 2202) (L.C.M.)
| | - Hidayah Karuniawati
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (H.K.); (A.A.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia
| | - Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (H.K.); (A.A.J.)
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai 67, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zannat Urbi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Akbar John
- Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies (INOCEM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
| | - K. M. Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; (K.M.K.K.); (A.K.M.M.)
| | - A.K. M. Mohiuddin
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; (K.M.K.K.); (A.K.M.M.)
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (L.C.M.); Tel.: +60-1169609649 (M.S.H.); +673-246-0922 (ext. 2202) (L.C.M.)
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
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Luteolin Synergistically Enhances Antitumor Activity of Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Carcinoma via AMPK Inhibition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040626. [PMID: 35453311 PMCID: PMC9030203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a naturally-occurring polyphenolic compound that is known to have antioxidative and antitumor activities in vitro. This study aimed to examine the in vivo anticancer efficacy of luteolin in conjunction with oxaliplatin treatment using a colorectal carcinoma xenograft mouse model. HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells were subcutaneously implanted into BALB/c nude mice, followed by the intraperitoneal administration of luteolin at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day with or without oxaliplatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW/day three times per week for a total of 3 weeks. The combined luteolin and oxaliplatin treatment resulted in the synergistic suppression of the growth of HCT116 xenograft tumors when compared to treatment with luteolin or oxaliplatin alone. In addition, the combined treatment significantly increased the expression of cleaved PARP and p53 in the xenograft tumors compared with the vehicle control, but only marginally affected the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results indicated that luteolin treatment retarded oxaliplatin-induced tumor growth by facilitating apoptotic cell death and inhibiting HO-1-mediated cytoprotection. Therefore, these findings suggest the synergistic potential of dietary luteolin in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Colorectal cancer among farmers in the AGRICAN cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102125. [PMID: 35303617 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Specific farming types and tasks have rarely been studied in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated associations between 5 types of livestock and 13 types of crops in relation to CRC and its subsites within the Agriculture and Cancer (AGRICAN) study. METHODS AGRICAN cohort includes 181,842 agricultural workers living in 11 French geographical areas. Data on farming types and tasks was collected by self-administered questionnaires. We identified 2 609 CRC, 972 right colon, 689 left colon and 898 rectal incident cancer cases during follow-up from 2005 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Significantly increased CRC risk was observed for farmers producing horses (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.06-1.31), sunflower (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.45) and field vegetables (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.36). Positive associations were also observed for pig, poultry and wheat/barley. Some associations were observed only for specific subsites: left colon cancer was associated with fruit growing (HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.09-1.70) and potato (HR=1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.57). Tasks related to livestock (animal care, insecticide treatment, disinfection of milking equipment and building) or to crop (haymaking, sowing, pesticide treatment, seed treatment, harvesting) were also associated with CRC. Duration and size of farming types/task increased the risk for some of the associations. Analysis stratified by sex suggested an interaction with several farming types/task. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed original and positive findings for several farming types and tasks and CRC risk, overall and by subsites.
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Temporal and Spatial Trends From Counterfactual Scenarios of Physical Activity on Mortality, Years of Life Lost, and Life Expectancy Due to Noncommunicable Diseases in Argentina. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:229-245. [PMID: 35259725 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study estimates the spatial distribution and trends in preventable deaths, years of life lost (YLL), and life expectancy (LE), associated with noncommunicable diseases under alternative distributions of physical activity in Argentina. METHODS Potential impact fractions were used to calculate the preventable deaths and YLL attributable to various scenarios of physical activity. Cause-eliminated life tables were used to estimate LE gains, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed for uncertainty analysis. RESULTS From 2005 to 2018, physical activity could have prevented up to 7544 to 8220 potential deaths (≈4.27% of major noncommunicable diseases and ≈2.66% of all causes) and about 221 to 219 YLL per 100,000 inhabitants; between 0.67 and 0.71 years of LE could have been gained. If the World Health Organization recommendations (at least 600 metabolic equivalent tasks minutes per week) had been achieved, between 2813 and 3111 potential deaths could have been prevented, about 80 fewer years of life (per 100,000 inhabitants) would have been lost, and 0.23 years of LE could have been gained. A 15% reduction in insufficient physical activity has shown a small impact on outcomes. CONCLUSION Public health initiatives aimed at increasing population-wide physical activity could reduce noncommunicable disease deaths in Argentina.
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Kim MC, Kim KO, Kang MK. Prevalence and associated risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia in adults with sarcopenia. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:294-303. [PMID: 34905817 PMCID: PMC8925942 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although several studies have shown that sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in colorectal cancer patients, the impact of sarcopenia on the development of colorectal neoplasia remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of colorectal neoplasia, especially advanced colorectal neoplasia, in adults with sarcopenia. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data for 10,676 adults who underwent firsttime colonoscopy and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) on the same day in a health screening program at a single center. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using established BIA-based criteria as adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by body mass index (BMI) (ASM/BMI), height (ASM/height2), or weight (ASM/weight). Prevalence of overall and advanced colorectal neoplasia and their association with sarcopenia, as established by the aforementioned diagnostic criteria, were evaluated. RESULTS Among 10,676 subjects, 583 were diagnosed with sarcopenia using ASM/ BMI. Subjects with sarcopenia had a higher prevalence of colorectal neoplasia than those without. In the multivariate analysis after adjusting for confounding factors, sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for any colorectal neoplasia (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.56) and advanced colorectal neoplasia (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.27 to 3.06). The association between sarcopenia and advanced colorectal neoplasia remained significant for all sarcopenia measures including ASM/height2 (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.85) and ASM/weight (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.54 to 3.77). CONCLUSION Prevalence of overall and advanced colorectal neoplasia was higher in subjects with sarcopenia than in those without. Sarcopenia was a significant risk factor for colorectal neoplasia, especially for advanced colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Pérez Regalado S, León J, Feriche B. Therapeutic approach for digestive system cancers and potential implications of exercise under hypoxia condition: what little is known? a narrative review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1107-1121. [PMID: 35157120 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, like other chronic pathologies, is associated with the presence of hypoxic regions due to the uncontrolled cell growth. Under this pathological hypoxic condition, various molecular signaling pathways are activated to ensure cell survival, such as those that govern angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, among others. These molecular processes are very similar to the physiological response caused by exposure to altitude (natural hypobaric systemic hypoxia), the use of artificial hypoxia devices (systemic normobaric simulated hypoxia) or the delivery of vascular occlusion to the extremities (also called local hypoxia by the blood flow restriction technique). "Tumor hypoxia" has gained further clinical importance due to its crucial role in both tumor progression and resistance to treatment. However, the ability to manipulate this pathway through physical exercise and systemic hypoxia-mediated signaling pathways could offer an important range of therapeutic opportunities that should be further investigated. METHODS This review is focused on the potential implications of systemic hypoxia combined with exercise in digestive system neoplasms prognosis. Articles included in the review were retrieved by searching among the three main scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. FINDINGS The findings of this review suggest that exercise performed under systemic hypoxic conditions could have a positive impact in prognosis and quality of life of the population with digestive system cancers. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to consider this paradigm as a new potential intervention in digestive oncological population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pérez Regalado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive System, San Cecilio Hospital, Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Belén Feriche
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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