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Alami IE, Khaali W, Jalbout M, Gihbid A, Ayoub WB, Benider A, Brahim SM, Cherif MH, Benchakroun N, Mzibri ME, Driss EKB, Belghmi K, Corbex M, Khyatti M. Genetic variations in CYP2A6, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 genes and the risk of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North African population. Ann Hum Genet 2024. [PMID: 38622954 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a multifactorial malignancy associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphic deletions of the phase I and phase II genes involved in the detoxification of potential carcinogens may be a risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the relationship between CYP2E1 (rs3813867), CYP2A6, GSTM1(rs1183423000) and GSTT1(rs1601993659) gene variations and NPC risk in North African countries with the highest incidence of NPC (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia). and the evaluation of the potential use of these variants as potential biomarkers for NPC management. METHODS A total of 600 NPC cases and 545 controls frequency-matched on ethnicity, sex, age and childhood household type, were recruited from three North African countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) and analysed. Genotyping of CYP2A6 and CYP2E1(rs3813867) was performed by polymerase chain reaction restriction (PCR)-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and the GSTM1 (rs1183423000) and GSTT1(rs1601993659) genetic variations were evaluated using the PCR technique. RESULTS The genotype distributions of CYP2E1(rs3813867), CYP2A6, GSTM1(rs1183423000) and GSTT1(rs1601993659) genotypes did not differ significantly among NPC cases and controls (p > 0.05). Furthermore, our data did not reveal any association with smoking and the studied variants, even when the samples were stratified by the duration period of smoking. CONCLUSION In this large studied North African population, our findings suggest that the functional CYP2E1, CYP2A6, GSTM1 and GSTT1 variations did not influence NPC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane El Alami
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wafa Khaali
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Majida Jalbout
- Anti-Tumor Therapeutic Targeting Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Immunogenetic Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Amina Gihbid
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wided Ben Ayoub
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | | | - Nadia Benchakroun
- Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, National Center of Energy, Nuclear Sciences and Techniques Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - El Khalil Ben Driss
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Khalid Belghmi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Meriem Khyatti
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Nguyen TG, Kieu HD, Truong DTT, Ngo KX, Ikeda S, Le NT. Exclusive waterpipe smoking and the risk of nasopharynx cancer in Vietnamese men, a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13237. [PMID: 37580413 PMCID: PMC10425396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is carcinogenic to humans. Besides cigarettes, the most common form of tobacco smoking, there was sparse evidence of waterpipe's carcinogenicity-induced nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). This study investigated the association between waterpipe smoking and NPC mortality. Our study followed up with 20,144 eligible man participants from nine northern Vietnam communes between 2007 and 2019. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to gather data on exclusive waterpipe and cigarette smoking and dietary intake using structured semi-quantitative food frequency and lifestyle questionnaires. Nasopharyngeal cancer was determined by accessing the medical records at the state health facilities. We estimated the Cox proportional hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals, HR (95% CI). The proportion of never smokers, exclusive waterpipe, exclusive cigarette, and dual waterpipe and cigarette smokers was 55.8%, 14.5%, 16.6%, and 13.1%, respectively. Exclusively waterpipe smokers increased the risk of NPC death compared to exclusively cigarette smokers, HR (95% CI): 4.51 (1.25, 16.31), p = 0.022. A dose-dependent positive relationship between NPC and exclusive waterpipe smoking was significantly seen for higher intensity HR (95% CI): 1.35 (1.07, 1.71), earlier age of smoking initiation HR (95% CI): 1.26 (1.06, 1.50), longer duration HR (95% CI): 1.31 (1.04, 1.66), and the cumulative number of a smoke lifetime HR (95% CI): 1.37 (1.08, 1.74). We observed a significant positive association between exclusive waterpipe smoking and NPC in men. The findings suggested that waterpipe smoking is likely more harmful than cigarettes in developing this cancer. A firm tobacco control against waterpipe smoking is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Gia Nguyen
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Hung Dinh Kieu
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Thuy Thi Truong
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Khoa Xuan Ngo
- Department of Anatomy, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Ngoan Tran Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Department of Occupational Health, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Vásconez-González J, Delgado-Moreira K, López-Molina B, Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Gámez-Rivera E, Ortiz-Prado E. Effects of Smoking Marijuana on the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review. Subst Abus 2023; 44:249-260. [PMID: 37728136 DOI: 10.1177/08897077231186228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of marijuana use and its derivatives has surged over the past century, largely due to increasing legalization globally. Despite arguments advocating its benefits, marijuana smoking exposes the lungs to harmful combustion byproducts, leading to various respiratory issues such as asthma, pneumonia, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS We embarked on an extensive literature search, utilizing PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, identifying 200 studies. After the elimination of duplicates, and meticulous review of abstracts and full texts, 55 studies were included in our analysis. RESULTS Current literature demonstrates that marijuana use negatively impacts lung function, triggering symptoms like chronic cough, sputum production, and wheezing, and diminishing FEV1/FVC ratio in spirometry tests. Moreover, prolonged or chronic marijuana use augments the risk of respiratory function impairment. While the carcinogenic effects of marijuana are still contested, a weak correlation between marijuana use and lung cancer has been observed in some studies. Additionally, instances of other pathologies linked to marijuana use have been reported, including the development of COPD, pulmonary bullae, spontaneous pneumothorax, pleuritic pain, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, hemoptysis, and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. CONCLUSIONS The evidence underscores that marijuana use is detrimental to respiratory health. In light of the escalating trend of marijuana use, particularly among the youth, it is imperative to advocate public health messages discouraging its consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vásconez-González
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Tecnologias PUCE-TEC, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karen Delgado-Moreira
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Belén López-Molina
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan S Izquierdo-Condoy
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Gámez-Rivera
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Gebril MAB, Mukhtar WNO, Elhassan MMA, Mahmoud I. Incidence Characteristics and Histological Types of Head and Neck Cancer among Adults in Central Sudan: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13814. [PMID: 36360694 PMCID: PMC9656960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are prevalent in Sudan, but the reasons for this and the incidence of different types of HNCs are not well understood. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to provide baseline data on the epidemiology of HNCs among patients treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in central Sudan. All cancer cases from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved from the NCI records. Of the 9475 new cancer patients who were registered at the NCI during the study period, 1033 (11%) had HNCs, of whom 767 (74.2%) were adults. The mean age of the adult patients was 54.5 years (standard deviation 15.8) and 449 (58.5%) patients were male. The annual incidence in adults was 4/105 population. The most common HNC sites were the nasopharynx (25.3%), hypopharynx (22.8%), and oral cavity (22.2%). Carcinoma was the most common diagnosis (87.6%), followed by lymphoma (5.6%). Most patients' tumors were at a locally advanced (22%) or metastatic stage (47%) of HNCs at the time of presentation. Further studies to identify risk factors for HNCs, particularly for the most prevalent types in central Sudan, are needed. In addition, Sudan requires capacity building for cancer, including a national cancer registry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wail Nuri Osman Mukhtar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani P.O. Box 20, Sudan
| | | | - Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Patil S, Mahuli AV, Warnakulasuriya S. Effects of smoking shisha, cancer risk, and strategies for prevention of shisha habit. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:439-443. [PMID: 35664951 PMCID: PMC9160343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking tobacco through a water pipe, also referred to as Shisha, is prevalent in Middle Eastern countries but has gained popularity worldwide, especially among youth. The increasing global trend of shisha use is mainly led by misleading information about it being safe. The shisha smoke has potentially harmful chemicals, including several human carcinogens and other toxic products. There are recognised adverse effects on passive smokers exposed to second-hand smoke. It is a potential risk factor for several cancers and risks pregnant women and the foetus. A session of shisha smoking for 40 minutes is equivalent to smoking 100 or more cigarettes. There should be awareness about Shisha's harmful effects to reduce the risk to health through a coordinated global effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Vasant Mahuli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi, India
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
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Cohn AM, Blount BC, Hashibe M. Nonmedical Cannabis Use: Patterns and Correlates of Use, Exposure, and Harm, and Cancer Risk. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2021; 2021:53-67. [PMID: 34850898 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has certain health benefits, but some people may experience harms from use. Co-use of tobacco and cannabis is common. Smoke from cannabis contains many of the same carcinogens and toxicants as the smoke from tobacco, raising concerns that cannabis smoking may be a risk factor for cancer. With growing access to and acceptance of medical and nonmedical cannabis, there is an urgent need to understand the risks and benefits of the current modes of cannabis use and how cannabis may be associated with cancer risk. This monograph summarizes a session from a National Cancer Institute Symposium on nonmedical cannabis use and cancer risk. We had 3 objectives: describe the relation between nonmedical cannabis use and cancer risk, delineate patterns and correlates of cannabis co-use with tobacco, and document potentially harmful inhalational exposure resulting from smoked and vaped cannabis. Methodological limitations in the literature and future research recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Cohn
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Kaplan AG. Cannabis and Lung Health: Does the Bad Outweigh the Good? Pulm Ther 2021; 7:395-408. [PMID: 34697771 PMCID: PMC8589923 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use is growing, with multiple medical ‘indications’ and approval for recreational use in many countries. This article will review some of the respiratory complications to cannabis use, which include lung function changes, lung destruction, increased risk of lung and head and neck cancer, and others. These are mostly related to smoking, and the co-administration of nicotine makes the risks a bit difficult to measure. However, with many reports of EVALI, electronic vaping-associated lung injury, being related to cannabis coadministration, it appears that the safest administration of cannabis, as far as lung health, is orally. Cannabis and Lung Health: Does the Bad Outweigh the Good? A video abstract (MP4 81,897 kb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Kaplan
- Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Primary Care Respiratory Research, OPRI, local LHIN Pulmonary Rehabilitation Clinics, University of Toronto, 7335 Yonge Street, Thornhill, Toronto, ON, L3T 2B2, Canada.
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8
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Human glutathione peroxidase codon 198 variant increases nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and progression. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4027-4034. [PMID: 33616746 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) is a selenium-dependent detoxifying enzyme involved in the protection of cells against oxidative damage. Some genetic association studies reported significant associations between GPx-1 Pro198Leu variant and carcinogenesis across different populations; however, the impact of this variant on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been explored. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate the potential involvement of the GPx-1 Pro198Leu variant and plasma GPx activity in the risk of developing NPC in a Tunisian population. METHODS The GPx-1 Pro198Leu genotype was determined in 327 NPC patients and 150 healthy controls by the RFLP-PCR analysis. The correlation between the GPx-1 variant and the clinicopathological parameters was examined. GPx activity was assessed in the plasma of 119 NPC patients and 58 healthy control subjects and according to GPx-1 genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics of NPC patients. RESULTS A significant association was found between GPx-1 Pro198Leu variant and NPC risk in a Tunisian population. The allelic frequencies of Pro and Leu alleles were 32% versus 68% and 41% versus 59% in NPC cases and controls, respectively. Thus, the minor 198 Leu allele increased significantly in NPC patients and appeared as a potential risk factor for NPC occurrence (OR = 1.48, CI 95% = 1.14-1.91, p = 0.002). The plasma GPx activity was significantly higher in NPC patients than in controls (p = 0.03). According to the clinicopathological characteristics of NPC patients, GPx activity decreased significantly in patients with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This is the first study showing a strong association between GPx-1 Pro198Leu genetic variant and NPC risk. GPx-1 Pro198Leu variant increased the development of regional lymph node metastasis. Plasma GPx activity was higher in NPC patients. Thus, GPx-1 gene could be considered as a determinant factor influencing NPC risk and progression.
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Emanuel O, Liu J, Schartinger VH, Nei WL, Chan YY, Tsang CM, Riechelmann H, Masterson L, Haybaeck J, Oppermann U, Willems SM, Ooft ML, Wollmann G, Howard D, Vanhaesebroeck B, Lund VJ, Royle G, Chua MLK, Lo KW, Busson P, Lechner M. SSTR2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Relationship with Latent EBV Infection and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4944. [PMID: 34638429 PMCID: PMC8508244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor, most commonly located in the pharyngeal recess and endemic to parts of Asia. It is often detected at a late stage which is associated with poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of 63%). Treatment for this malignancy relies predominantly on radiotherapy and/or systemic chemotherapy, which can be associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. In endemic regions NPC is associated with infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which was shown to upregulate the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) cell surface receptor. With recent advances in molecular techniques allowing for an improved understanding of the molecular aetiology of this disease and its relation to SSTR2 expression, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this disease and highlight the emergence of SSTR2 as a key tumor biomarker and promising target for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Emanuel
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Jacklyn Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Volker H. Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yuk Yu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Liam Masterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc L. Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- King’s College Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Institute of Virology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - David Howard
- ENT Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 9EP, UK;
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Valerie J. Lund
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Gary Royle
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Melvin L. K. Chua
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS-UMR 9018-Metsy, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Matt Lechner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Rhinology & Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-H&N Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Phulka JS, Howlett JW, Hu A. Cannabis related side effects in otolaryngology: a scoping review. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:56. [PMID: 34579787 PMCID: PMC8474823 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis has been rapidly legalized in North America; however, limited evidence exists around its side effects. Health Canada defines side effect as a harmful and unintended response to a health product. Given drug safety concerns, this study's purpose was to review the unintended side effects of cannabis in otolaryngology. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol was used to conduct a scoping review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases. (PROSPERO: CRD42020153022). English studies in adults were included from inception to the end of 2019. In-vitro, animal, and studies with n < 5 were excluded. Primary outcome was defined as unintended side effects (defined as any Otolaryngology symptom or diagnosis) following cannabis use. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence and risk of bias using the Risk of Bias in randomized trials (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools were assessed.. Two authors independently reviewed all studies; the senior author settled any discrepancies. RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-one studies were screened; 48 studies were analysed. Subspecialties comprised: Head and Neck (32), Otology (8), Rhinology (5), Airway (5), Laryngology (1). Cannabis use was associated with unintended tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss, infection, malignancy, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, thyroid dysfunction, and dyspnea. About half (54.1%) of studies showed increased side effects, or no change in symptoms following cannabis use. Oxford Levels of Evidence was 2-4 with substantial heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment with RoB2 was low to high and ROBINS-1 was moderate to critical. CONCLUSION This was the first comprehensive scoping review of unintended side effects of cannabis in Otolaryngology. The current literature is limited and lacks high-quality research Future randomized studies are needed to focus on therapeutic effects of cannabis in otolaryngology. Substantial work remains to guide clinicians to suggest safe, evidence-based choices for cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobanjit S Phulka
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, 4th Floor, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Center, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada
| | - Joel W Howlett
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, 4th Floor, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Center, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada.
| | - Amanda Hu
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, 4th Floor, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Center, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada
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Wang L, Mai ZM, Ngan RKC, Ng WT, Lin JH, Kwong DLW, Chiang SC, Yuen KT, Ng AWY, Ip DKM, Chan YH, Lee AWM, Lung ML, Ho SY, Lam TH. Dose-Response Reduction in Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma From Smoking Cessation: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Hong Kong, China. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699241. [PMID: 34646762 PMCID: PMC8503184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) risk. Whether quitting reduces the risk is unclear. We investigated the associations of NPC with duration of and age at quitting in an endemic region. METHODS We investigated the associations between NPC and quitting in a multicenter case-control study in Hong Kong with 676 newly diagnosed NPC cases and 1,285 hospital controls between 2014 and 2017, using a computer-assisted self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of NPC by quitting status, duration and age of quitting, combinations of duration and age of quitting, and quitting to smoking duration ratio, compared with current smoking. RESULTS Quitting (AOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53-0.98) and never smoking (0.73, 0.56-0.95) were associated with lower NPC risk. NPC risk decreased with (i) longer quitting duration (p < 0.01), reaching significance after 11-20 (0.62, 0.39-0.99) and 21+ years (0.54, 0.31-0.92) of quitting; (ii) younger quitting age (p = 0.01), reaching significance for quitting at <25 years (0.49, 0.24-0.97); and (iii) higher quitting to smoking duration ratio (p < 0.01), reaching significance when the ratio reached 1 (0.60, 0.39-0.93). Quitting younger (age <25) appeared to confer larger reductions (49% for ≤10 years of quitting, 50% for 11+ years) in NPC risk than quitting at older ages (25+) regardless of quitting duration (16% for ≤10 years, 39% for 11+ years). CONCLUSIONS We have shown longer duration and younger age of quitting were associated with lower NPC risk, with dose-response relations. Our findings support including smoking as a cause of NPC. Stronger tobacco control measures and quitting services are needed to prevent NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Mai
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Tong Ng
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shing-Chun Chiang
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Tong Yuen
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice Wan-Ying Ng
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis Kai-Ming Ip
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yap-Hang Chan
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Lin JH, Wen CP, Jiang CQ, Yuan JM, Chen CJ, Ho SY, Gao W, Zhang W, Wang R, Chien YC, Xu L, Wu X, Jin YL, Koh WP, Hsu WL, Zhu F, Wen C, Zhu T, Lee JH, Mai ZM, Lung ML, Lam TH. Smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer: individual data meta-analysis of six prospective studies on 334 935 men. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:975-986. [PMID: 33787881 PMCID: PMC8271191 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of smoking in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains uncertain, especially in endemic regions. We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to investigate the associations between smoking exposure and risk of NPC. METHODS We obtained individual participant data of 334 935 male participants from six eligible population-based cohorts in NPC-endemic regions, including two each in Guangzhou and Taiwan, and one each in Hong Kong and Singapore. We used one- and two-stage approaches IPD meta-analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NPC for smoking exposure adjusting for age and drinking status. RESULTS During 2 961 315 person-years of follow-up, 399 NPC evens were ascertained. Risks of NPC were higher in ever versus never smokers (HRone-stage = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07-1.63, P = 0.0088; HRtwo-stage = 1.27, 1.01-1.60, 0.04). These positive associations appeared to be stronger in ever smokers who consumed 16+ cigarettes/day (HRone-stage = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.29-2.16, P = 0.0001), and in those who started smoking at age younger than 16 (2.16, 1.33-3.50, 0.0103), with dose-response relationships (P-values for trend = 0.0028 and 0.0103, respectively). Quitting (versus daily smoking) showed a small reduced risk (stopped for 5+ years: HRone-stage = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.60-1.39, P = 0.66; for former smokers: HRtwo-stage = 0.84, 0.61-1.14, 0.26). CONCLUSIONS This first IPD meta-analysis from six prospective cohorts in endemic regions has provided robust observational evidence that smoking increased NPC risk in men. NPC should be added to the 12-16 cancer sites known to be tobacco-related cancers. Strong tobacco control policies, preventing young individuals from smoking, would reduce NPC risk in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Pang Wen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Centre, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chien Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wayne Gao
- Master's Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Centre, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yin-Chu Chien
- Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Centre for Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Big Data, School of Public Health, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Jin
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng Zhu
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christopher Wen
- Department of Radiology, Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - June Han Lee
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Ming Mai
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author. School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China. E-mail:
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Centre for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research (CNPCR), Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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13
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Chen Y, Chang ET, Liu Z, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Huang QH, Xie SH, Cao SM, Jia WH, Zheng Y, Li Y, Lin L, Ernberg I, Zhao H, Feng R, Huang G, Zeng Y, Zeng YX, Adami HO, Ye W. Residence characteristics and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern China: A population-based case-control study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106455. [PMID: 33652252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the role of exposures related to residence in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been well explored, present study aims to investigate the magnitude and pattern of associations for NPC with lifelong residential exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a multi-center, population-based case-control study with 2533 incident NPC cases and 2597 randomly selected population controls in southern China between 2010 and 2014. We performed multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of NPC associated with residential exposures. RESULTS Compared with those living in a building over lifetime, risk of NPC was higher for individuals living in a cottage (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.34-1.81) or in a boat (3.87; 2.07-7.21). NPC risk was also increased in individuals using wood (1.34; 1.03-1.75), coal (1.70; 1.17-2.47), or kerosene (3.58; 1.75-7.36) vs. using gas/electricity as cooking fuel; using well water (1.57; 1.34-1.83), river water (1.80; 1.47-2.21), or spring/pond/stream water (2.03; 1.70-2.41) vs. tap water for source of drinking water; living in houses with smaller-sized vs. larger windows in the bedroom (3.08; 2.46-3.86), hall (1.89; 1.55-2.31) or kitchen (1.67; 1.34-2.08); and increasing exposure to cooking smoke [(1.53; 1.20-1.94) for high exposure)] or burned incense [(1.59; 1.31-1.95) for daily use)]. Weighted Cox regression analysis corroborated these results. CONCLUSION Poorer residential conditions and household air pollution are associated with an increased risk of NPC. Large-scale studies in other populations or longitudinal studies are warranted to further corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen T Chang
- Exponent, Inc., Center for Health Sciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China; Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China; Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yancheng Li
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and Prevention, Wuzhou, China
| | - Longde Lin
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ruimei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Clark TM. Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis Suggests that Cannabis Use May Reduce Cancer Risk in the United States. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:413-434. [PMID: 33998861 PMCID: PMC8612444 DOI: 10.1089/can.2019.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis smoke contains carcinogens similar to tobacco, in addition to compounds with antitumor activity. Cannabis use reduces the risk of obesity and cannabinoids inhibit chronic inflammation, known causes of cancer. The net effect of Cannabis use on cancer risk is not known. Objective: To examine the association between Cannabis use and cancer risk in the United States. Methods: Identify and analyze published data on cancer risk in Cannabis users. Results: A total of 55 data points, consisting of risk ratios of cancer in Cannabis users and nonusers, were identified from 34 studies. Of these, 5 did not contain data essential for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The remaining data showed a nonsignificant trend to an association with reduced risk (relative risk [RR]=0.90, p>0.06, N=50) although heterogeneity is high (I2=72.4%). Removal of data with high risk of selection bias (defined as those from North Africa and those that failed to adjust for tobacco) and data with high risk of performance bias (defined as those with fewer than 20 cases or controls among Cannabis users) resulted in an RR <1.0 (RR=0.86, p<0.017, N=24) and large effect size (Hedges g=0.66), but did not decrease heterogeneity (I2=74.9). Of all cancer sites, only testicular cancer showed an RR value >1, although this was not significant and had a negligible effect size (RR=1.12, p=0.3, Hedges g=0.02). Following removal of testicular cancers the remaining data showed a decrease in risk (RR=0.87, p<0.025, N=41). Cancers of the head and neck showed a negative association with cancer risk (RR=0.83, p<0.05), with a large effect size (Hedges g=0.55), but high heterogeneity (I2=79.2%). RR did not reach statistical significance in the remaining cancer site categories (lung, testicular, obesity-associated, other). The data are consistent with a negative association between Cannabis use and nontesticular cancer, but there is low confidence in this result due to high heterogeneity and a paucity of data for many cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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15
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Chang ET, Ye W, Zeng YX, Adami HO. The Evolving Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1035-1047. [PMID: 33849968 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has long been a source of fascination due to the malignancy's striking geographic distribution, the involvement of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the unique association with intake of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, and etiologic heterogeneity by histologic subtype. METHODS This review summarizes the current epidemiologic literature on NPC, highlighting recent results from our population-based case-control study in southern China. RESULTS Findings from our case-control study provide new insight into the epidemiology of NPC, including a diminished role of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, a profound impact of EBV genetic sequence variation, modest positive associations with passive smoking and household air pollution, and possible effects of oral health and the oral microbiome. Recent findings from other studies include a protective association with infectious mononucleosis, suggesting a causal role of early EBV infection; familial risk conferred by shared genetic variation in the host antibody-mediated immune response to EBV infection; and an unclear association with occupational exposure to formaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS To shed further light on the interplay of environmental, genetic, and viral causes of NPC, large pooled studies must accumulate sufficient cases with detailed exposure data. IMPACT New epidemiologic findings have reshaped the causal model for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, California.
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Abu-Amna M, Salti T, Khoury M, Cohen I, Bar-Sela G. Medical Cannabis in Oncology: a Valuable Unappreciated Remedy or an Undesirable Risk? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:16. [PMID: 33439370 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-020-00811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The use of the cannabis plant by cancer patients has been rising significantly in the past few years worldwide, primarily driven by public demand. There is an obvious need for more reliable scientific data, pharmacology information, a better understanding of its mode of action, and available clinical evidence supporting its robust use. Physicians must complete a thorough medical assessment, screening for potential drugs, or treatment contraindications before allowing its consumption. In light of the growing popularity of cannabis usage, it is highly essential that, in the near future, the medical community will be able to provide practical recommendations and explicit guidelines, including doses, and that cannabinoid concentrations in the used products are defined regarding its prescription before any medical procedure involving its usage is authorized. Here, we review and describe the favorable outcomes demonstrating the benefits of cannabis as an adjunctive treatment to conventional medicines for chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and cancer-related pain (primarily refractory chronic or neuropathic pain). Although not yet substantial enough, the treatment of anorexia, insomnia, depression, and anxiety is also seemingly favorable. To date, reports regarding its anti-neoplastic effects or its potent immunosuppressive properties influencing response to immunotherapy are still very conflicting and controversial. Thus, with the current state of evidence, cannabis use is not advisable as initial treatment, as an adjunct or an advanced line of care. In the coming years, we expect that preclinical data and animal models will shift to the clinical arena, and more patients will be recruited for clinical trials, and their reports will advance the field. Thus, physicians should prescribe cannabis only if careful clarification and consideration is provided together with a follow-up response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abu-Amna
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, 1834111, Afula, Israel
| | - Talal Salti
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, 1834111, Afula, Israel.,Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 320002, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mona Khoury
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, 1834111, Afula, Israel.,Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 320002, Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, 1834111, Afula, Israel
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, 1834111, Afula, Israel. .,Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 320002, Haifa, Israel.
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17
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Bakkalci D, Jia Y, Winter JR, Lewis JE, Taylor GS, Stagg HR. Risk factors for Epstein Barr virus-associated cancers: a systematic review, critical appraisal, and mapping of the epidemiological evidence. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010405. [PMID: 32257153 PMCID: PMC7125417 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infects 90%-95% of all adults globally and causes ~ 1% of all cancers. Differing proportions of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), gastric carcinoma (GC), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are associated with EBV. We sought to systematically review the global epidemiological evidence for risk factors that (in addition to EBV) contribute to the development of the EBV-associated forms of these cancers, assess the quality of the evidence, and compare and contrast the cancers. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies of risk factors for EBV-associated BL, GC, HL and NPC without language or temporal restrictions. Studies were excluded if there was no cancer-free comparator group or where analyses of risk factors were inadequately documented. After screening and reference list searching, data were extracted into standardised spreadsheets and quality assessed. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS 9916 hits were retrieved. 271 papers were retained: two BL, 24 HL, one GC and 244 NPC. The majority of studies were from China, North America and Western Europe. Risk factors were categorised as dietary, environmental/non-dietary, human genetic, and infection and clinical. Anti-EBV antibody load was associated with EBV-associated GC and BL. Although the evidence could be inconsistent, HLA-A alleles, smoking, infectious mononucleosis and potentially other infections were risk factors for EBV-associated HL. Rancid dairy products; anti-EBV antibody and EBV DNA load; history of chronic ear, nose and/or throat conditions; herbal medicine use; family history; and human genetics were risk factors for NPC. Fresh fruit and vegetable and tea consumption may be protective against NPC. CONCLUSIONS Many epidemiological studies of risk factors in addition to EBV for the EBV-associated forms of BL, GC, HL and NPC have been undertaken, but there is a dearth of evidence for GC and BL. Available evidence is of variable quality. The aetiology of EBV-associated cancers likely results from a complex intersection of genetic, clinical, environmental and dietary factors, which is difficult to assess with observational studies. Large, carefully designed, studies need to be strategically undertaken to harmonise and clarify the evidence. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017059806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bakkalci
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Joanne R Winter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Joanna Ea Lewis
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham S Taylor
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Helen R Stagg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Joint senior authors
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18
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Oudjehih M, Deltour I, Bouhidel ML, Bouhidel A, Marref A, Luzon V, Schüz J, Bouneceur H, Leon ME. Smokeless Tobacco Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: A Case-Control Study in the Batna Region, Algeria, 2008-2011. Tob Use Insights 2020; 13:1179173X20902239. [PMID: 32076371 PMCID: PMC7003171 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x20902239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of the Algerian population uses tobacco products and is at risk of developing tobacco-associated cancers. AIMS This case-control study reports on the association between tobacco use and the occurrence of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in Batna, Algeria. METHODS Incident primary UADT cancer cases in residents of Batna in 2008-2011 were identified using the regional tumor registry. One hospital and 1 population control were matched to each case by sex, year of birth, and residence. Information on tobacco use was collected, and odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using conditional logistic regression also after sex stratification. RESULTS The study included 192 cases (80%) of the 241 primary UADT cancer cases identified and 384 controls. Males represented 76.6% of cancer cases. Cancers of the nasopharynx (48%) and the larynx (26%) were the most common types. Ever use of smokeless tobacco (ST) (OR = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-1.5) or current ST use (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.6-1.7) was not associated with overall risk of UADT cancers. Associations with cancers of the nasopharynx (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.5-4.6) and oral cavity/oropharynx (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 0.8-11.8) were found when comparing use of ST only to no consumption of any tobacco. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in the overall risk of UADT cancers, with a 3-fold increase in the risk of laryngeal cancer when comparing smoking only to no consumption of any tobacco (OR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.0-11.5). Associations for smokers who also consumed ST differed by cancer site. CONCLUSION In this study from Algeria dominated by male cases and by cancer in the nasopharynx, cigarette smoking but not ST was associated with UADT cancer. Analyses by anatomical site and using as reference never use of any type of tobacco suggested few associations with ST but of lower precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messaouda Oudjehih
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Isabelle Deltour
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed Larbi Bouhidel
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Atika Bouhidel
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Abdelwahab Marref
- Cancer Registry of the Wilaya of Batna, University Hospital of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Véronique Luzon
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Hocine Bouneceur
- Medical Faculty, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Maria E Leon
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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19
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Huang HC, Tantoh DM, Hsu SY, Nfor ON, Frank CFL, Lung CC, Ho CC, Chen CY, Liaw YP. Association between coarse particulate matter (PM 10-2.5) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma among Taiwanese men. J Investig Med 2020; 68:419-424. [PMID: 31619486 PMCID: PMC7063388 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nasopharyngeal tract traps mainly coarse particles in inhaled air. Soluble carcinogenic compounds, endotoxins, and trace metals contained in these particles are potential causes of inflammation and oxidative stress which could enhance carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the association between coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). A total of 521,098 men (355 cases and 520,743 non-cases), aged ≥40 years were included in this study. Data were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry, the Adult Preventive Medical Services Database, and the Air Quality Monitoring Database. PM10-2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC after adjusting for SO2, NOx, O3, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, betel nut chewing, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. With PM10-2.5<20.44 μg/m3 as the reference, the ORs and 95% CIs were 1.47; 1.03-2.11, 1.34; 0.94-1.91, and 1.68; 1.16-2.44 for 20.44≤PM10-2.5<24.08, 24.08≤PM10-2.5<29.27, and PM10-2.5≥29.27 μg/m3, respectively. PM10-2.5 remained significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC after further adjustments were made for the aforementioned covariates and PM2.5 The ORs; 95% CIs were 1.42; 0.96 to 2.12, 1.41; 0.94 to 2.10, and 1.71; 1.10 to 2.66 for 20.44≤PM10-2.5<24.08, 24.08≤PM10-2.5<29.27, and PM10-2.5≥29.27 μg/m3, respectively. In conclusion, PM10-2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC in Taiwanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheau-Feng Lin Frank
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lung
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Functional Polymorphisms and Gene Expression of TLR9 Gene as Protective Factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Severity and Progression. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2826563. [PMID: 31886298 PMCID: PMC6899320 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2826563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease that is closely associated with EBV infection. Toll-like receptor 9 is an important factor mediating the interaction between EBV and the host immune response. Any genetic (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) or expression variation in TLR9 gene may modify the ability of the receptor to respond correctly to viral infection as in NPC. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of TLR9 functional polymorphisms (TLR9-1486 T/C and TLR9-1237 T/C) and TLR9 mRNA expression in NPC severity and progression at diagnosis and after treatment. This study included 322 patients with NPC. RFLP-PCR and real-time PCR were used to assess, respectively, the genotypes and the mRNA expression of TLR9 gene. The genotyping analysis showed that the presence of mutated allele -1237C (TLR9-1237 TC+CC) was associated with large tumor size (p = 0.017; OR (CI 95%) = 1.888 (1.11-3.19)) at diagnosis. After treatment, the -1237C allele was associated with a better chance of complete remission (p = 0.031, OR (CI 95%) = 0.486 (0.25-0.95)), a lower risk of distant metastasis (p = 0.028, OR (CI 95%) = 0.435 (0.18-1.02)), and a lower risk of death by NPC (p = 0.003, OR (CI 95%) = 0.20 (0.06-0.67)). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with -1237CC and -1237TC genotypes had a better overall survival (OVS) (p < 0.01) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis revealed that TLR9-1237 T/C polymorphism was an independent prognostic factor in OVS (p = 0.02; HR = 0.244) and DMFS (p = 0.048; HR = 0.388). The transcriptomic analysis showed that the mRNA expression was reduced in patients with larger tumor size (T4) (p = 0.013) and advanced clinical stage (SIII-SIV) (p = 0.037). The TLR9 mRNA expression was inversely correlated with tumor size (p = 0.014; r = −0.314) at diagnosis. Our results indicated for the first time that the functional -1237 T/C polymorphism and mRNA expression of TLR9 gene may be considered as protective factors for NPC severity and progression.
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21
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Bonnechère B, Cissé K, Millogo T, Ouédraogo GH, Garanet F, Ouedraogo MA, Boyle G, Samadoulougou S, Kouanda S, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Tobacco use and associated risk factors in Burkina Faso: results from a population-based cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1466. [PMID: 31694594 PMCID: PMC6836375 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies characterizing the prevalence of tobacco use in low-income countries are lacking. This study describes the prevalence of tobacco use in Burkina Faso and its associated factors. Methods Data from the 2013 Burkina Faso World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) were analyzed. The prevalence of any tobacco product use, cigarette smoking, and other tobacco use was calculated. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with tobacco use. Overall, 4691 people were included in this analysis. Results The prevalence of any tobacco use was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.4–21.2). Tobacco use was higher for men (29.2% [27.0–31.5]) than women (11.8% [10.3–13.4]). The prevalence of smoked tobacco was 11.3% (10.3–12.4), with a significantly higher prevalence among men (24.5% [22.1–27.0]) than women (0.1% [0.01–0.3]). The overall prevalence of other tobacco use was 8.9% (7.4–10.7), with lower values for men (5.6% [4.1–7.2]) compared to women (11.7% [9.4–14.1]). Tobacco smoking among men was significantly associated with an increased age and alcohol consumption. The analysis of risk factors for other tobacco use stratified by gender showed that age, education, residence, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with consumption for women, and age and alcohol consumption for men. Conclusion Tobacco use is common in Burkina Faso. To effectively reduce tobacco use in Burkina Faso, a comprehensive tobacco control program should consider associated factors, such as gender, age, and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Lennik street 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. .,imec, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kadari Cissé
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Lennik street 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de recherche en sciences de la santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, 03, BP 7102, Burkina Faso
| | - Tiéba Millogo
- Institut Africain de Santé publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, 12, BP 199, Burkina Faso
| | - Gautier H Ouédraogo
- Institut de recherche en sciences de la santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, 03, BP 7102, Burkina Faso
| | - Franck Garanet
- Institut de recherche en sciences de la santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, 03, BP 7102, Burkina Faso
| | - Mariam A Ouedraogo
- Institut de recherche en sciences de la santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, 03, BP 7102, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Sékou Samadoulougou
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seni Kouanda
- Institut de recherche en sciences de la santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, 03, BP 7102, Burkina Faso.,Institut Africain de Santé publique (IASP), Ouagadougou, 12, BP 199, Burkina Faso
| | - Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Lennik street 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Ghasemiesfe M, Barrow B, Leonard S, Keyhani S, Korenstein D. Association Between Marijuana Use and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1916318. [PMID: 31774524 PMCID: PMC6902836 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Marijuana use is common and growing in the United States amid a trend toward legalization. Exposure to tobacco smoke is a well-described preventable cause of many cancers; the association of marijuana use with the development of cancer is not clear. Objective To assess the association of marijuana use with cancer development. Data Sources A search of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted on June 11, 2018, and updated on April 30, 2019. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from January 1, 1973, to April 30, 2019, and references of included studies were performed, with data analyzed from January 2 through October 4, 2019. Study Selection English-language studies involving adult marijuana users and reporting cancer development. The search strategy contained the following 2 concepts linked together with the AND operator: marijuana OR marihuana OR tetrahydrocannabinol OR cannabinoid OR cannabis; AND cancer OR malignancy OR carcinoma OR tumor OR neoplasm. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles; 3 reviewers independently assessed study characteristics and graded evidence strength by consensus. Main Outcomes and Measures Rates of cancer in marijuana users, with ever use defined as at least 1 joint-year exposure (equivalent to 1 joint per day for 1 year), compared with nonusers. Meta-analysis was conducted if there were at least 2 studies of the same design addressing the same cancer without high risk of bias when heterogeneity was low to moderate for the following 4 cancers: lung, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT), with comparisons expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results Twenty-five English-language studies (19 case-control, 5 cohort, and 1 cross-sectional) were included; few studies (n = 2) were at low risk of bias. In pooled analysis of case-control studies, ever use of marijuana was not associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or oral cancer. In pooled analysis of 3 case-control studies, more than 10 years of marijuana use (joint-years not reported) was associated with TGCT (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.03-1.81; P = .03; I2 = 0%) and nonseminoma TGCT (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.10-3.11; P = .04; I2 = 0%). Evaluations of ever use generally found no association with cancers, but exposure levels were low and poorly defined. Findings for lung cancer were mixed, confounded by few marijuana-only smokers, poor exposure assessment, and inadequate adjustment; meta-analysis was not performed for several outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Low-strength evidence suggests that smoking marijuana is associated with developing TGCT; its association with other cancers and the consequences of higher levels of use are unclear. Long-term studies in marijuana-only smokers would improve understanding of marijuana's association with lung, oral, and other cancers. Trial Registration PROSPERO identifier: CRD42018102457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Ghasemiesfe
- Northern California Institute of Research and Education, San Francisco
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Brooke Barrow
- Currently a medical student at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Samuel Leonard
- Northern California Institute of Research and Education, San Francisco
| | - Salomeh Keyhani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Deborah Korenstein
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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23
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Yang QY, He YQ, Xue WQ, Zhou T, Liao Y, Zheng MQ, Jia YJ, Yuan LL, Jia WH. Association Between Serum Cotinine Level and Serological Markers of Epstein-Barr Virus in Healthy Subjects in South China Where Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Is Endemic. Front Oncol 2019; 9:865. [PMID: 31572673 PMCID: PMC6753229 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Self-reported smoking has been associated with higher seropositivity for the IgA response to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA-IgA) and transcription activator protein (Zta) in healthy men in southern China where nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic. Results on the association of biochemically verified smoking status with EBV reactivation are scarce. We aimed to investigate the relations of serum cotinine level with serological markers of EBV in healthy women, in addition to men. Methods: We collected information on demographic, lifestyle, environmental factors, and EBV serological markers in a cross-sectional study on 2,275 healthy subjects who were recruited from physical examination centers in Guangdong Province, China. In the present analysis, 901 subjects' serum cotinine levels have been measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Odds ratios (seropositivity of four EBV serological markers vs. seronegativity) for categorical serum cotinine levels were calculated by unconditional logistic regression with a group-specific confidence interval (CI). Results: In women, compared with lower serum cotinine level (0–0.71 ng/ml), higher cotinine level (>0.71–1.20 ng/ml; >1.20–228.40 ng/ml) was associated but non-significantly with higher seropositivity for EBV VCA-IgA (age- and education-adjusted OR = 1.18, 95% CIs = 0.84–1.64, 1.06, 0.75–1.50). These associations remained but still non-significant after adjusting for 5-year age group, education, family history of cancer, consumption of tea, Chinese herbal tea, salted fish at childhood, and exposure to occupational dust, chemical, fume, and radiation (multivariable adjusted OR = 1.21, 95% CIs = 0.85–1.71, 1.09, 0.76–1.55). In men, compared with lower serum cotinine level (0–2.15 ng/ml), higher cotinine level (>2.15–103.6 ng/ml; >103.6–419.4 ng/ml) was significantly associated with higher seropositivity for EBV VCA-IgA and Zta-IgA (age- and education-adjusted OR = 2.16, 95% CIs = 1.37–3.41, 1.79, 1.11–2.90; 1.98, 1.17–3.34, 1.95, 1.14–3.34). The association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders for Zta-IgA (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.37–3.93 for >2.15–103.6, and 2.50, 1.43–4.38 for >103.6–419.4 ng/ml), but not for VCA-IgA (2.06, 1.29–3.27, and 1.61, 0.96–2.71). Conclusions: Higher serum cotinine level is associated with higher seropositivity for EBV serological markers in healthy men in southern China. Such positive association was also observed in women but became non-significant. If confirmed to be causal, this finding has important implications for tobacco control and prevention of EBV-related disease, particularly for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-Lei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Valentino WL, McKinnon BJ. What is the evidence for cannabis use in otolaryngology?: A narrative review. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:770-775. [PMID: 31174932 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Review of the English literature for all studies involving cannabis and Otolaryngology. METHODS PubMed was searched using a combination of the terms cannabis, marijuana, otolaryngology, hearing, tinnitus, vestibular, rhinology, sinusitis, laryngology, voice, airway, head and neck, head and neck cancer, facial trauma, spasm, pediatric otolaryngology, sleep medicine, obstructive sleep apnea, and other variations. Literature included in the review provided substantive research on cannabis in Otolaryngology. RESULTS Seventy-nine unique publications were found in the literature. The majority were published in the last decade and pertain to the subspecialty of Head and Neck; specifically, its association with incident cancers. A small number of studies exist that suggest cannabis may be a useful therapy for Otolaryngological patients suffering from blepharospasm, the effects of radiation, and the psychological sequelae of receiving a cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION Further research is required to determine the potential therapeutic roles and adverse effects of cannabis on conditions related to Otolaryngology. This study serves the Otolaryngological researcher with the most current, comprehensive literature review for the exploration into possible projects to undertake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J McKinnon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, United States of America.
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25
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Ahmed F, Hossain S, Hossain S, Fakhruddin ANM, Abdullah ATM, Chowdhury MAZ, Gan SH. Impact of household air pollution on human health: source identification and systematic management approach. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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26
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Patil S, Awan KH, Arakeri G, Aljabab A, Ferrari M, Gomes CC, Gomez RS, Brennan PA. The relationship of “shisha” (water pipe) smoking to the risk of head and neck cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:278-283. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
- Division of Oral PathologyDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic SciencesCollege of DentistryJazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental MedicineRoseman University of Health Sciences South Jordan Utah
| | - Gururaj Arakeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKing Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNavodaya Dental College and Hospital Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Abdulsalam Aljabab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKing Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Carolina C. Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences InstituteUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and PathologyUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Peter A. Brennan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryQueen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth UK
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27
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Szyfter K, Napierala M, Florek E, Braakhuis BJM, Takes RP, Rodrigo JP, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Ferlito A. Molecular and health effects in the upper respiratory tract associated with tobacco smoking other than cigarettes. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2635-2643. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | | | - Robert P. Takes
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical CentreRadboud Institute for Health Sciences Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, IUOPAUniversity of Oviedo, CIBERONC Oviedo Spain
| | - Alessandra Rinaldo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Udine School of Medicine Udine Italy
| | - Carl E. Silver
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix AZ
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
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Fan HC, Chen CY, Hsu YC, Chou RH, Teng CLJ, Chiu CH, Hsu CY, Muo CH, Chang MY, Chang KH. Increased risk of incident nasopharyngeal carcinoma with exposure to air pollution. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204568. [PMID: 30265690 PMCID: PMC6161893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a race-specific malignancy. The nasal cavity is the main entry point for air pollutants or poisonous gases into the human body. However, the risk of NPC in populations exposed to air pollution remains unknown. Methods We combined data from the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database (TAQMD) and the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) to assess the risk of NPC in a population exposed to air pollution. Results Multivariate analysis revealed positive trends for the association between the risk of NPC and exposure to air pollution. After adjusting for potential covariates, the risk of developing NPC increased with the increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure concentrations from 1.39 to 2.28 and 2.01 to 1.97, respectively, compared to the risks at the lowest concentration levels. Conclusions We identified a significant risk of NPC in a population exposed to air pollution. However, this study had several limitations. Moreover, additional experimental and clinical studies on the associations between environmental factors and NPC risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ying Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yin Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Moumad K, Khaali W, Benider A, Ben Ayoub W, Hamdi-Cherif M, Boualga K, Hassen E, Ben Driss EK, Corbex M, Khyatti M. Joint effect of smoking and NQO1 C609T polymorphism on undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk in a North African population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:933-940. [PMID: 30160047 PMCID: PMC6305636 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a higher incidence in North Africa than in most parts of the world. In addition to environmental factors such as Epstein-Barr virus infection and chemical carcinogen exposure, genetic susceptibility has been reported to play a key role in the development of NPC. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 is a cytosolic enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage. A C to T transition at position 609 in the NQO1 gene (OMIM: 125860) has been shown to alter the enzymatic activity of the enzyme and has been associated with increased risk to several cancers. This study investigates for the first time the effect of this polymorphism on NPC susceptibility in a North African population. METHODS The NQO1 C609T polymorphism was genotyped using PCR-RFLP in 392 NPC cases and 365 controls from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. RESULTS The allele frequencies and distributions of genotypes did not differ between cases and controls (p > 0.05). When stratifying according to smoking status, we observed two-fold higher NPC risk in ever-smokers carrying the CT or TT genotype. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a significant interaction between T allele and smoking status (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.20-3.19; interaction p = 0.007). CONCLUSION In this North African population, the functional NQO1 polymorphism was associated with a significantly higher risk of NPC among smokers and did not affect the risk among nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Moumad
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wafa Khaali
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Service de Radiothérapie, Centre d'oncologie Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wided Ben Ayoub
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Kada Boualga
- Service de Radiothérapie Oncologique, Centre Antic-Cancer de Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Elham Hassen
- Molecular Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - El Khalil Ben Driss
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | | | - Meriem Khyatti
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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30
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Waziry R, Jawad M, Ballout RA, Al Akel M, Akl EA. The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:32-43. [PMID: 27075769 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims A systematic review conducted in 2008 found significant associations between waterpipe tobacco smoking and lung cancer, respiratory disease, periodontal disease and low birthweight. Since then, a number of relevant studies have been published. The objective of this study was to update the systematic review on the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes. Methods In May 2015 we electronically searched the following databases with no date restrictions: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the ISI Web of Science using a detailed search strategy with no language restrictions. We also screened the references' lists of the included studies. We included cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies, and excluded case reports, conference abstracts, editorials and reviews. We excluded studies not conducted in humans, assessing physiological outcomes, not distinguishing waterpipe tobacco smoking from other forms of smoking or not reporting association measures. We assessed risk of bias for each included study and conducted meta-analyses for each of the outcomes of interest. Results We identified 50 eligible studies. We found that waterpipe tobacco smoking was significantly associated with: respiratory diseases [COPD; odds ratio (OR) = 3.18, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.25, 8.08; bronchitis OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.77; passive waterpipe smoking and wheeze OR) = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28, 3.04]; oral cancer OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 2.53, 6.89; lung cancer OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.32, 3.42; low birthweight (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.32); metabolic syndrome (OR 1.63-1.95, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.45); cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.24); and mental health (OR 1.30-2.4, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.80). Waterpipe tobacco smoking was not significantly associated with: oesophageal cancer (OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 0.93, 18.46); worse quality of life scores [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.66, 0.34]; gastric carcinoma (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 0.72, 6.47); bladder cancer (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.57); prostate cancer (OR = 7.00, 95% CI = 0.90, 56.90); hepatitis C infection (OR = 0.98, 95%0.80, 1.21); periodontal disease (OR = 3.00, 5.00); gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.56); nasopharyngeal carcinoma (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.20, 1.23); bladder cancer (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.57); infertility (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.00, 6.30); and mortality (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.43). Conclusions There is accumulating evidence about the association of waterpipe tobacco smoking with a growing number of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Waziry
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Jawad
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Academic Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rami A Ballout
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Al Akel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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31
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhao W, Xiao X, Zhou X, Lin L, Huang T, Liao J, Li Y, Zeng X, Huang G, Ye W, Zhang Z. Lack of association between cigarette smoking and Epstein Barr virus reactivation in the nasopharynx in people with elevated EBV IgA antibody titres. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:190. [PMID: 29444646 PMCID: PMC5813399 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with elevated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin A (IgA) titers have a higher risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), indicating that reactivation of EBV in the local mucosa might be important for NPC carcinogenesis. Cigarette smoking appears to be one of the environmental risk factors for NPC. However, it remains unclear whether smoking-induced nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis acts through reactivating EBV in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and nasopharyngeal EBV reactivation in a NPC high-risk population. METHODS A NPC high-risk cohort study, established from a population-based NPC screening program of 22,816 subjects, consisted of 1045 subjects with elevated serum IgA antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA/IgA). Among high-risk subjects, information on detailed cigarette smoking history was collected among 313 male subjects. The associations between cigarette smoking and EBV antibody levels, EBV DNA load of the nasopharynx were analyzed. RESULTS No significant association was observed between either nasopharyngeal EBV DNA load or serum VCA/IgA titers and smoking status, age at smoking initiation, daily smoking intensity, smoking duration, cigarette type, or pack-years of smoking. Cigarette smoking characteristics in all subgroups did not correlate with nasopharyngeal EBV DNA positivity or EBV VCA/IgA seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS In a population at high risk of NPC, our study suggests that cigarette smoking is neither associated with nasopharyngeal EBV DNA load nor serum VCA/IgA antibody level. Smoking-associated NPC carcinogenesis may act through other mechanisms than reactivating nasopharyngeal EBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weilin Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Longde Lin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Liao
- Cancer Institute of Cangwu County, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yancheng Li
- Cancer Institute of Cangwu County, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6# Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China. .,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Deng X, Liu Z, Liu X, Fu Q, Deng T, Lu J, Liu Y, Liang Z, Jiang Q, Cheng C, Fang W. miR-296-3p Negatively Regulated by Nicotine Stimulates Cytoplasmic Translocation of c-Myc via MK2 to Suppress Chemotherapy Resistance. Mol Ther 2018. [PMID: 29525743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify mechanisms by which microRNA 296-3p (miR-296-3p) functions as a tumor suppressor to restrain nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-296-3p negatively regulated by nicotine directly targets the oncogenic protein mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (Mapkapk2) (MK2). Suppression of MK2 downregulated Ras/Braf/Erk/Mek/c-Myc and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/c-Myc signaling and promoted cytoplasmic translocation of c-Myc, which activated miR-296-3p expression by a feedback loop. This ultimately inhibited cell cycle progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance of NPC. In addition, nicotine as a key component of tobacco was observed to suppress miR-296-3p and thus elevate MK2 expression by inducing PI3K/Akt/c-Myc signaling. In clinical samples, reduced miR-296-3p as an unfavorable factor was inversely correlated with MK2 and c-Myc expression. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which miR-296-3p negatively regulated by nicotine directly targets MK2-induced Ras/Braf/Erk/Mek/c-Myc or PI3K/AKT/c-Myc signaling to stimulate its own expression and suppress NPC cell proliferation and metastasis. miR-296-3p may thus serve as a therapeutic target to reverse chemotherapy resistance of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Deng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Tongyuan Deng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Zixi Liang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Department, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China.
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Long M, Fu Z, Li P, Nie Z. Cigarette smoking and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016582. [PMID: 28982817 PMCID: PMC5640018 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of cigarette smoking as an independent risk factor for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is controversial. We attempted to provide evidence of a reliable association between cigarette smoking and the risk of NPC. DESIGN Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed online and the Cochrane Library of relevant studies published up to February 2016. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All studies had to evaluate the relationship between NPC and cigarette smoking with never smokers as the reference group. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was the adjusted OR, RR or HR of NPC patients comparing smoking with never-smoking; the second was the crude OR, RR or HR. RESULTS We identified 17 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies including 5960 NPC cases and 429 464 subjects. Compared with never smokers, current smokers and ever smokers had a 59% and a 56% greater risk of NPC, respectively. A dose-response relationship was identified in that the risk estimate rose by 15% (p<0.001) with every additional 10 pack-years of smoking, and risk increased with intensity of cigarette smoking (>30 cigarettes per day). Significantly increased risk was only found among male smokers (OR, 1.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.60), not among female smokers (OR, 1.58; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.53). Significantly increased risk also existed in the differentiated (OR, 2.34; 95% CI 1.77 to 3.09) and the undifferentiated type of NPC (OR, 1.15; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.46). Moreover, people who started smoking at younger age (<18 years) had a greater risk than those starting later for developing NPC (OR, 1.78; 95% CI 1.41 to 2.25). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of NPC, especially for young smokers. However, we did not find statistical significant risks of NPC in women and in undifferentiated type, which might warrant further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Long
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenming Fu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihua Nie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Javed F, ALHarthi SS, BinShabaib MS, Gajendra S, Romanos GE, Rahman I. Toxicological impact of waterpipe smoking and flavorings in the oral cavity and respiratory system. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:389-396. [PMID: 29039225 PMCID: PMC5927775 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1384084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking (WS), an emerging trend has major health concerns. It is prevalent worldwide as a recreational activity both indoors and outdoors. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of waterpipe smoke on the oral and respiratory system (oral cavity and pulmonary tissues). A number of studies have shown that periodontal health status is compromised in waterpipe smokers when compared with nonsmokers. Some studies have associated WS with oral premalignant and malignant lesions; however, due to the poor quality of these studies, the presented outcomes should be interpreted with caution. Although cigarette smoking has been considered as a potential risk factor for dental caries; there are no studies in indexed literature that have shown an association to exist between dental caries and WS. Inhaled waterpipe smoke imposes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and compromises the ventilatory capacity of the lungs and may lead to an increased risk of decline in lung function. WS may cause oral and pulmonary diseases, such as periodontal disease and chronic obstructive airway disease, respectively. The association between WS and development of dental caries and oral pre-cancer and their relationships with chronic airways disease requires investigations. This review discusses the current evidence of waterpipe smoke effects on the oral health and respiratory system based on basic and clinical science and provides future directions for research and regulatory science on how WS can affect the oral cavity and the respiratory/pulmonary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shatha Subhi ALHarthi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Saleh BinShabaib
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sangeeta Gajendra
- Department of Community Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Georgios E. Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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35
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Awan KH, Siddiqi K, Patil S, Hussain QA. Assessing the Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Cancer Outcome - a Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:495-502. [PMID: 28345836 PMCID: PMC5454749 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is widely believed to be a safe and hazard-free tobacco habit. However,
a number of studies have indicated that exposure to several toxicants and carcinogens through WPS is strongly related
to serious health hazards. The current paper presents a narrative review on the effects of WPS on cancer outcome.
Methods: The addressed focused question was “Is there an association between waterpipe smoking and cancer outcome?”
PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane databases were searched until June 2015 using the
key words “Waterpipe”, “Hookah”, “Narghileh”, “Shisha”, “Hubbly Bubbly” “cancer” in various combinations. Letters
to the Editor, review articles, case-reports and unpublished articles were excluded. Results: A total of 16 studies were
included: six on lung cancer, three on oesophageal cancer, two on gastric cancer, two on bladder cancer, and one each
on nasopharyngeal, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Our search did not yield any study that evaluated the risk of oral
cancer in WPS users. The available evidence showed a significant association of WPS with lung cancer (UOR 6.0, 95%
CI 1.78–20.26); however, no association was observed with bladder, nasopharyngeal, pancreatic and prostate cancers.
Gastric (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7-7.1) and oesophageal cancers (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.41-2.44) were observed to have weak
associations with WPS. Conclusion: Regardless of the limitations, there is sufficient evidence to suggest associations
of WPS with cancer, particularly in the lung. Future well-designed studies are required to identify and quantify with
confidence all the health effects of this form of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah 84095, United States.
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Die Wasserpfeife (Shisha) – Innenraumluftqualität, Human-Biomonitoring und Gesundheitseffekte. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1593-1604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Khaali W, Moumad K, Ben Driss EK, Benider A, Ben Ayoub W, Hamdi-Cherif M, Boualga K, Hassen E, Corbex M, Khyatti M. No association between TGF-β1 polymorphisms and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a large North African case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:72. [PMID: 27733130 PMCID: PMC5062876 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetic susceptibility plays a key role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and in fact the disease presents with an unusually high incidence in certain regions of the world like North Africa. We investigated the association between polymorphism of the Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and risk of NPC in North Africa. TGF-β1 is a multifunctional cytokine that acts as both a tumor suppressor and a stimulator of cancer development; it has been shown to influence risk of numerous other carcinomas including lung, breast and prostate cancer. Methods TGF-β1 polymorphisms C-509T and T869C were studied in a large North African sample of 384 NPC cases and 361 controls, matched for age, sex and urban or rural residence in childhood. Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results No association was observed between individual single nucleotide polymorphisms or their haplotypes and NPC susceptibility (for TGF-β1 C-509T: OR = 0.74; 95 % CI 0.46 − 1.18; for TGF-β1 T869C: OR = 0.86; 95 % CI 0.56 − 1.31), even when the samples were stratified by age, gender and TNM stage. Conclusion Contrary to what has been observed in Asian samples, in our North African sample, the TGF-β1 C-509T and T869C polymorphisms did not substantially influence NPC susceptibility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0337-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Khaali
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco. .,Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93030, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Moumad
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - El Khalil Ben Driss
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93030, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Benider
- Service de Radiothérapie, Centre d'oncologie Ibn Rochd, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wided Ben Ayoub
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer, 10006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Kada Boualga
- Service de Radiothérapie Oncologique, Centre Anti-Cancer de Blida, 09000, Blida, Algeria
| | - Elham Hassen
- Molecular Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir University, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Marilys Corbex
- Who Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meriem Khyatti
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Cancer risk in waterpipe smokers: a meta-analysis. Int J Public Health 2016; 62:73-83. [PMID: 27421466 PMCID: PMC5288449 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-016-0856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To quantify by meta-analysis the relationship between waterpipe smoking and cancer, including cancer of the head and neck, esophagus, stomach, lung and bladder. Methods We performed a systematic literature search to identify relevant studies, scored their quality, used fixed and random-effect models to estimate summary relative risks (SRR), evaluated heterogeneity and publication bias. Results We retrieved information from 28 published reports. Considering only highquality studies, waterpipe smoking was associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer (SRR 2.97; 95 % CI 2.26–3.90), esophageal cancer (1.84; 1.42–2.38) and lung cancer (2.22; 1.24–3.97), with no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias. Increased risk was also observed for stomach and bladder cancer but based mainly on poor-quality studies. For colorectum, liver and for all sites combined risk estimates were elevated, but there were insufficient reports to perform a meta-analysis. Conclusions Contrary to the perception of the relative safety of waterpipe smoking, this meta-analysis provides quantitative estimates of its association with cancers of the head and neck, esophagus and lung. The scarcity and limited quality of available reports point out the need for larger carefully designed studies in well-defined populations.
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Haddad L, Kelly DL, Weglicki LS, Barnett TE, Ferrell AV, Ghadban R. A Systematic Review of Effects of Waterpipe Smoking on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health Outcomes. Tob Use Insights 2016; 9:13-28. [PMID: 27398028 PMCID: PMC4934173 DOI: 10.4137/tui.s39873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is a social custom common in many Middle Eastern, North African, and Asian countries and has become increasingly popular in the US, especially among youth; however, WPS smoking may be increasing in the US adult population as well. There is a common belief among waterpipe (WP) smokers that WPS is less harmful than smoking cigarettes. Thus, this review aims to systematically explore the literature on the effects of WP tobacco smoking with a particular focus on cardiovascular and respiratory health outcomes as well as on oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference health outcomes. METHODOLOGY We conducted a systematic review, guided by the criteria of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, using the following online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. Results were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS Forty studies met the inclusion criteria established for this review. Based on the existing evidence, several cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic health indicators and conditions have been shown to be negatively affected by WPS. In addition to the effects of nicotine and chemical toxicant exposures, WPS was significantly associated with an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and lower pulmonary function test results, as well as a number of health conditions such as lung cancer, alterations in oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference. CONCLUSION The current literature provides evidence that WPS is associated with a number of negative health indicators and outcomes. There is need for more research related to WPS and its effects on health so that appropriate campaigns and prevention interventions can be implemented to control the epidemic increase of WPS in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Haddad
- Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,CORRESPONDENCE:
| | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda S. Weglicki
- Professor and Schmidt Family Foundation Distinguished Professor, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Tracey E. Barnett
- Associate Professor, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Roula Ghadban
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Montazeri Z, Nyiraneza C, El-Katerji H, Little J. Waterpipe smoking and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Control 2016; 26:92-97. [PMID: 27165994 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although accumulating evidence suggests harmful effects of waterpipe smoking, there is limited information about its direct association with chronic diseases, notably cancer. We provide an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between waterpipe smoking and cancer. DATA SOURCES Systematic search of articles indexed in main biomedical databases: Pubmed, EmBase, Google Scholar and Web of Science, published between 1962 and September 2014. Search keywords included a combination of waterpipe or hookah, sheesha, nargile, hubble-bubble, goza or gaylan, and cancer. STUDY SELECTION Focus on observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) that evaluated the association between waterpipe smoking and cancer. Studies with mixed exposures excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data and reached consensus on all items. DATA SYNTHESIS 13 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis revealed a positive association between waterpipe smoking and lung cancer (OR=4.58 (2.61 to 8.03); I2=44.67%), and oesophageal cancer (OR=3.63 (1.39 to 9.44); I2 =94.49%). The majority of studies had a NOS score of 5-6 or 7, indicating 'fair' or 'good' quality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a positive association between waterpipe smoking and cancer risk. However, high-quality studies with standardised exposure measurements are needed to clarify the contribution of waterpipe smoking to chronic diseases. More investments in initiatives for surveillance, intervention and regulatory policy for waterpipe smoking are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Montazeri
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Nyiraneza
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda El-Katerji
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hoch E, Bonnet U, Thomasius R, Ganzer F, Havemann-Reinecke U, Preuss UW. Risks associated with the non-medicinal use of cannabis. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 112:271-8. [PMID: 25939318 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most commonly consumed illicit drug around the world; in Germany, about 4.5% of all adults use it each year. Intense cannabis use is associated with health risks. Evidence-based treatments are available for health problems caused by cannabis use. METHODS Selective literature review based on a search of the PubMed database, with special emphasis on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies, and treatment guidelines. RESULTS The delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of cannabis products is rising around the world as a result of plant breeding, while cannabidiol, in contrast, is often no longer detectable. Various medical conditions can arise acutely after cannabis use, depending on the user's age, dose, frequency, mode and situation of use, and individual disposition; these include panic attacks, psychotic symptoms, deficient attention, impaired concentration, motor incoordination, and nausea. In particular, intense use of high doses of cannabis over many years, and the initiation of cannabis use in adolescence, can be associated with substance dependence (DSM-5; ICD-10), specific withdrawal symptoms, cognitive impairment, affective disorders, psychosis, anxiety disorders, and physical disease outside the brain (mainly respiratory and cardiovascular conditions). At present, the most effective way to treat cannabis dependence involves a combination of motivational encouragement, cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management (level 1a evidence). For adolescents, family therapy is also recommended (level 1a evidence). No pharmacological treatments can be recommended to date, as evidence for their efficacy is lacking. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to elucidate the causal relationships between intense cannabis use and potential damage to physical and mental health. Health problems due to cannabis use can be effectively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hoch
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg/Essen, German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Göttingen and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB) of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Kreiskrankenhaus Prignitz, Perleberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Martin-Luther- University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)
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Wided BAH, Hamouda B, Hamadi H, Mansour BA. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in North Tunisia: negative trends in adults but not adolescents, 1994-2006. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2653-7. [PMID: 25854341 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the second most common neoplasm of head and neck in Tunisia. The distribution is bimodal with a first period occurrence between 15 and 20 years old and a second peak at around 50 years of age. Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharynx type III (UCNT) is the predominant histological type (93.4%). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia confirmed that it is an intermediate risk area for NPC with overall ASRs of 3.6 and 1.6/100,000 respectively in males and females. This study aimed to present the evolution of incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a period of 12 years (1994-2006). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia (NTCR), covering half of the Tunisian population, were used to determine evolution of NPC incidence, calculated by 5 year periods. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. To best summarize the behavior or the data trend across years, we used a join-point regression program. Between 1994 and 2006, we observed negative annual average change of standardized incidence in men and women (-3.3% and -2.7%) also for the standardized incidences which showed a rather important decline (26.4% in males and 22.3% in females). The truncated age standardized incidence rate of NPC in adults aged of 30 years old and more (N=1209) decreased by -0.4% per year from 1994 to 2006 over time in north Tunisia dropping from 6.09 to 4.14 person-years. However, the rate was relatively stable during this period among youths aged 0-29 years (N=233) in both sexes. NPC demonstrated a favorable evolution from 1994-2006 probably due to a improvement in socioeconomic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ayoub Hizem Wided
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology Cancer Registry North of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia E-mail :
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Amegah AK, Jaakkola JJK. Household air pollution and the sustainable development goals. Bull World Health Organ 2016; 94:215-21. [PMID: 26966333 PMCID: PMC4773927 DOI: 10.2471/blt.15.155812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, 41% of households, over 2.8 billion people, rely on solid fuels (coal and biomass) for cooking and heating. In developing countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where these fuels are predominantly used, women who are customarily responsible for cooking, and their young children, are most exposed to the resulting air pollution. Solid fuels are still in widespread use and it appears that intervention efforts are not keeping pace with population growth in developing countries. Here we pinpoint the challenges and identify opportunities for addressing household air pollution while mitigating global climate change and promoting the sustainable development goals. We recommend the following actions: implementation of the WHO indoor air quality guidelineson household fuel combustion; effective promotion and dissemination of improved cookstoves through formation of country alliances for clean cookstoves; expansion of liquefied petroleum gas production facilities and distribution networks; harnessing renewable energy potential; promotion of biogas production at both household and community level; ensuring improved ventilation of homes through education and enforcement of building standards; and exploiting opportunities in the health and other sectors for changing health-damaging cooking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeladza Kofi Amegah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, University Avenue, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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He YQ, Xue WQ, Shen GP, Tang LL, Zeng YX, Jia WH. Household inhalants exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a large-scale case-control study in Guangdong, China. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1022. [PMID: 26714970 PMCID: PMC4696254 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies show that cigarette smoking increase the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), however, whether other common, potentially adverse household inhalants increase NPC risk remains uncertain. METHODS We conducted a large case-control study to explore the effects of household inhalants, such as incense, mosquito coil, cooking fumes, and wood combustion, on NPC risk. We recruited 1,845 cases and 2,275 controls from Guangdong province, a high-risk area for NPC in China, to obtain the demographic data and relevant exposure information through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS We found that incense burning was associated with NPC risk by comparing frequent incense use with never using incense [OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.73, (1.43, 2.09)]. Wood fuel use was also associated with NPC risk compared with non-wood fire use [OR and 95% CI = 1.95, (1.65, 2.31)]. More intriguingly, we observed a significant addictive interaction between frequent incense burning and heavy cigarette smoking on NPC risk [synergistic index (SI) = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.76]. We also found a significant joint effect between wood fuel use and NPC family history for NPC risk (SI = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.96). However, neither mosquito oil nor cooking fumes were associated with NPC risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that incense smoke is not only the potential independent risk factor but also co-contributes with cigarette smoking to NPC risk. Moreover, wood combustion is another potential environmental risk factor and exerts a joint effect with NPC family history on NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfengdong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
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Head and neck cancer among marijuana users: A meta-analysis of matched case–control studies. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1750-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ben Chaaben A, Abaza H, Douik H, Chaouch L, Ayari F, Ouni N, Mamoghli T, Ben Guezella D, Mejri R, Harzallah L, Guemira F. [Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. Bull Cancer 2015; 102:967-72. [PMID: 26582733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a detoxifying enzyme that belongs to the phase I metabolism of xenobiotics. This enzyme is encoded by a highly polymorphic gene whose common polymorphism corresponds to the substitution of cytosine (C) and thymine (T) at position -1019 (rs2031920). This polymorphism has been identified in several cancers including nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). The study involved 124 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, compared with 166 healthy controls. The presence or absence of the polymorphism is determined by PCR-RFLP. The frequency comparison between the two groups is determined by the χ(2) test. The analysis of our results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mutant genotype (C2/C2) (5% vs. 0.5%, P=0.04) and has a risk factor for NPC in Tunisia (OR=8.39; CI 95% [0.99-388.1]). Also, the C2 allele was significantly associated with the group of patients than the control group (6% vs. 2%, P=0.016) and increased three times the risk of NPC in Tunisia (OR=2.99, CI 95% [1.12-8.79]). Our results confirm the results reported in other populations and emphasize the importance of the involvement of this gene in the development of detoxification of the NPC, which seems more and more strongly associated with environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arij Ben Chaaben
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Hajer Abaza
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Hayet Douik
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Leila Chaouch
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, laboratoire d'hématologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Fayza Ayari
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Nesrine Ouni
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Tasnim Mamoghli
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | | | - Rachida Mejri
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Latifa Harzallah
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Fethi Guemira
- Institut Salah Azaiz, laboratoire de biologie Clinique, Tunis, Tunisie
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Zergoun AA, Zebboudj A, Sellam SL, Kariche N, Djennaoui D, Ouraghi S, Kerboua E, Amir-Tidadini ZC, Chilla D, Asselah F, Touil-Boukoffa C, Merghoub T, Bourouba M. IL-6/NOS2 inflammatory signals regulate MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity and disease outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3505-14. [PMID: 26453114 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO)(·) in the development of the metastatic properties of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not fully understood. Previous studies proposed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) would act as regulator of matrix metalloprotease activation in NPC. Recently, we showed that (NO)(·) was a critical mediator of tumor growth in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the implication of IL-6 in the progression of NPC pathology via metalloprotease (MMP) activation and their possible correlation with (NO)(·) production. We observed a significant increase in IL-6 and nitrite (NO2 (-)) synthesis in patients (n = 17) as well as a strong expression of IL-6 and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in the analyzed tumors (n = 8). In patients' plasma, a negative correlation associated IL-6 with circulating nitrites (r = -0.33). A negative correlation associated the H-scores of these signals in the tumors (r = -0.47). In patients' plasma, nitrite synthesis was positively associated with MMP-9 activation (r = 0.45), pro-MMP-2 expression (r = 0.37), and negatively correlated with MMP-2 activation (r = -0.51). High nitrite levels was associated with better recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.02). Overall, our results suggest that the IL-6/NOS2 inflammatory signals are involved in the regulation of MMP-9- and MMP-2-dependent metastatic activity and that high circulating nitrite levels in NPC patients may constitute a prognostic predictor for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed-Amine Zergoun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases. Faculty of Biology, University Houari Boumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abderezak Zebboudj
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases. Faculty of Biology, University Houari Boumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sarah Leila Sellam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases. Faculty of Biology, University Houari Boumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nora Kariche
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases. Faculty of Biology, University Houari Boumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djamel Djennaoui
- Oto-rhyno-laryngology Department, Mustapha Pacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samir Ouraghi
- Oto-rhyno-laryngology Department, Mustapha Pacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Esma Kerboua
- Oncology Department, Centre Pierre et Marie Curie, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Dalia Chilla
- Central Laboratory for Anatomopathology, Mustapha Pacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Asselah
- Central Laboratory for Anatomopathology, Mustapha Pacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases. Faculty of Biology, University Houari Boumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mehdi Bourouba
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases. Faculty of Biology, University Houari Boumediene USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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Association between tobacco waterpipe smoking and head and neck conditions. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 146:760-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Orisakwe OE, Igweze ZN, Okolo KO, Udowelle NA. Human health hazards of poly aromatic hydrocarbons in Nigerian smokeless tobacco. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1019-1023. [PMID: 28962443 PMCID: PMC5598458 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we investigated the heavy metal hazards of Nigerian smokeless tobacco products 'STP'. Since 'STPs' are advocated as safer alternatives to cigarets, the public health implication should be ascertained. This is a risk assessment of poly aromatic hydrocarbons 'PAHs' in 'STPs' used in Nigeria. Thirty 'STPs' from different parts (South East, South West, Niger Delta and North Central) of Nigeria were studied. The 15 PAHs were assayed using gas chromatographic system (6890 series and 6890 plus) equipped with a quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Agilent 5975 MSD) after ultrasonic extraction of the 'STPs' and clean up of the extract. Toxicity equivalent of benzo[a]pyrene concentration(μg/kg) in 'STPs'were determined. The daily exposure and the cancer risk associated with exposure to STP were calculated. Sample A1 (south east) had the highest concentration of PAH 225.84 μg/kg, while sampleA3 (North central) had the least PAH concentration of 1.09 μg/kg. 'STPs' from South East showed highest levels of PAHs. The total B[a]P TEQ of the 'STPs' from the South East ranged from 0.24 to 29.23, South West ranged from 0.94 to 14.55, Niger Delta ranged from 2.28 to 22.88, and North Central ranged from 0.11 to 9.47. The calculated risk estimates for 'STPs' from the South East ranged from 5.43 E-05 to 4.50 E-07, South West 2.70 E-05 to 1.74 E-06, Niger Delta 4.30 E-05 to 4.20 E-06, and North Central 1.75 E-05 to 2.08 E0-7. Although the calculated risk estimates seem to be within or below the the U.S. EPA cancer risk range of 1 × 10-4-1 × 10-6, the total B[a]P TEQ of the STPs suggest a more indepth risk assessment in animal model to ascertain the safety of PAHs in Nigerian 'STPs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Josyula S, Lin J, Xue X, Rothman N, Lan Q, Rohan TE, Hosgood HD. Household air pollution and cancers other than lung: a meta-analysis. Environ Health 2015; 14:24. [PMID: 25890249 PMCID: PMC4377187 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion contributes to 2.6% of the global burden of disease. HAP emissions are an established lung carcinogen; however, associations with other cancer sites have not been fully explored. We conducted a meta-analysis of 18 case-control studies. Using fixed-effects models, utilizing the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from each study, we evaluated the association between HAP and cervical neoplasia (663 cases and 1747 controls) and upper aero-digestive tract cancers (6022 cases and 15 325 controls). We found that HAP was associated with cervical neoplasia (OR = 6.46; 95% CI = 3.12-13.36; 4 studies); oral (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.87-3.19; 4 studies; 1000 cases/3450 controls); nasopharyngeal (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.42-2.29; 6 studies; 2231 cases/2160 controls); pharyngeal (OR = 3.56; 95% CI = 2.22-5.70; 4 studies; 1036 cases/3746 controls); and laryngeal (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.72- 3.21; 5 studies; 1416 cases/4514 controls) cancers. The elevated risk for esophageal cancer (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 0.82-4.49; 2 studies; 339 cases/1455 controls) was non-significant. HAP was associated with cervical neoplasia among studies that accounted for HPV infection (OR = 9.60; 95% CI = 3.79-24.32) and smoking (OR = 4.72; 95% CI = 1.84-12.07). Similarly, our observed associations between HAP and upper aero-digestive tract cancers remained significantly elevated when analyses were restricted to studies that controlled for smoking. No significant publication bias was detected. Our results suggest that the carcinogenic effect of HAP observed for lung cancer may extend to other cancers, including those of the cervix and the upper aero-digestive tract. Further research is needed to confirm these associations in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Josyula
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1309, Belfer, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1309, Belfer, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1309, Belfer, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1309, Belfer, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1309, Belfer, Bronx, New York, USA.
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