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Thompson WA, Vijayan MM. Zygotic Exposure to Venlafaxine Disrupts the Circadian Locomotor Activity Behaviour in Zebrafish Larvae. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12984. [PMID: 38874070 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The antidepressant venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is commonly prescribed to treat major depressive disorder and is found at high concentrations in the aquatic environment. Concerns have been raised related to the health of aquatic organisms in response to this nontargeted pharmaceutical exposure. For instance, we previously demonstrated that exposure to venlafaxine perturbs neurodevelopment, leading to behavioural alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We also observed disruption in serotonin expression in the pineal and raphe, regions critical in regulating circadian rhythms, leading us to hypothesize that zygotic exposure to venlafaxine disrupts the circadian locomotor rhythm in larval zebrafish. To test this, we microinjected zebrafish embryos with venlafaxine (1 or 10 ng) and recorded the locomotor activity in 5-day-old larvae over a 24-h period. Venlafaxine deposition reduced larval locomotor activity during the light phase, but not during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle. The melatonin levels were higher in the dark compared to during the light photoperiod and this was not affected by embryonic venlafaxine deposition. Venlafaxine exposure also did not affect the transcript abundance of clock genes, including clock1a, bmal2, cry1a and per2, which showed a clear day/night rhythmicity. A notable finding was that exposure to luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, decreased the locomotor activity in the control group in light, whereas the activity was higher in larvae raised from the venlafaxine-deposited embryos. Overall, zygotic exposure to venlafaxine disrupts the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish fish during the day, demonstrating the capacity of antidepressants to disrupt the circadian rhythms in behaviour. Our results suggest that disruption in melatonin signalling may be playing a role in the venlafaxine impact on circadian behaviour, but further investigation is required to elucidate the possible mechanisms in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Vicente JM, Lescano CH, Bordin S, Mónica FZ, Gobbi G, Anhê GF. Agomelatine inhibits platelet aggregation through melatonin receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. Life Sci 2023:121906. [PMID: 37394096 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Melatonin is known to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA). In the present study we investigated whether agomelatine (Ago), an antidepressant with agonist activity at melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and MT2 could reduce platelets aggregation and adhesion. MAIN METHODS Human platelets from healthy donors were used to test the in vitro effects of Ago in the presence of different platelet activators. We performed aggregation and adhesion assays, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), cAMP and cGMP measurements, intra-platelet calcium registration and flow cytometry assays. KEY FINDINGS Our data revealed that different concentrations of Ago reduced AA- and collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro. Ago also reduced AA-induced increase in thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production, intracellular calcium levels and P-selectin expression at plasma membrane. The effects of Ago in AA-activated platelets were likely dependent on MT1 as they were blocked by luzindole (a MT1/MT2 antagonist) and mimicked by the MT1 agonist UCM871 in a luzindole-sensitive manner. The MT2 agonist UCM924 was also able to inhibit platelet aggregation, but this response was not affected by luzindole. On the other hand, although UCM871 and UCM924 reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation and adhesion, inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by Ago was not mediated by melatonin receptors because it was not affected by luzindole. SIGNIFICANCE The present data show that Ago suppresses human platelet aggregation and suggest that this antidepressant may have the potential to prevent atherothrombotic ischemic events by reducing thrombus formation and vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Modesto Vicente
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Honaiser Lescano
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Zakia Mónica
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Noseda ACD, Rodrigues LS, Targa ADS, Ilkiw JL, Fagotti J, Dos Santos PD, Cecon E, Markus RP, Solimena M, Jockers R, Lima MMS. MT 2 melatonin receptors expressed in the olfactory bulb modulate depressive-like behavior and olfaction in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173722. [PMID: 33159932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors are expressed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (OB); however, the role of these receptors has not been evaluated until now. Considering the association of the OB with olfactory and depressive disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD), we sought to investigate the involvement of melatonin receptors in these non-motor disturbances in an intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD. We demonstrate the presence of functional melatonin receptors in dopaminergic neurons of the glomerular layer. Local administration of melatonin (MLT, 1 μg/μl), luzindole (LUZ, 5 μg/μl) or the MT2-selective receptor drug 4-P-PDOT (5 μg/μl) reversed the depressive-like behavior elicited by 6-OHDA. Sequential administration of 4-P-PDOT and MLT (5 μg/μl, 1 μg/μl) promoted additive antidepressant-like effects. In the evaluation of olfactory discrimination, LUZ induced an olfactory impairment when associated with the nigral lesion-induced impairment. Thus, our results suggest that melatonin MT2 receptors expressed in the glomerular layer are involved in depressive-like behaviors and in olfactory function associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina D Noseda
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lais S Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriano D S Targa
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica L Ilkiw
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliane Fagotti
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Cecon
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Regina P Markus
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marcelo M S Lima
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Imamura S, Tabuchi M, Oizumi H, Ueki T, Omiya Y, Ikarashi Y, Mizoguchi K. Yokukansankachimpihange, a traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, enhances the adaptation to circadian rhythm disruption by increasing endogenous melatonin levels. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:129-138. [PMID: 32921394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicines yokukansan (YKS) and yokukansankachimpihange (YKSCH) have similar formulas and the same indications. In animals or cultured cells, the neuropharmacological actions of YKS are sometimes more beneficial than those of YKSCH. Since both drugs are used to treat sleep disorders in Japan, we examined the ameliorative effects of YKS and YKSCH on circadian rhythm disturbance and compared their efficacy using a mouse model of circadian rhythm disruption. Ramelteon was used as the positive control. Ramelteon treatment significantly reversed decreased running wheel activity during the advanced dark phase, indicating facilitation of circadian adaptation. YKS treatment also reversed the activity in the early period of drug treatment; however, it was not statistically significant. YKSCH treatment significantly reversed the decreased activity during the advanced dark phase. Plasma melatonin (MT) levels were significantly increased in the YKSCH but not in the YKS group. The ameliorative effect of YKSCH on rhythm disruption was significantly inhibited by coadministration of the MT2 receptor antagonist. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of YKSCH on circadian rhythm disruption would be attributable, to elevated endogenous MT levels. Taken together, YKS and YKSCH have different pharmacological properties and may be more precisely prescribed depending on patients' psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Imamura
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tabuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ueki
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yuji Omiya
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ikarashi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kazushige Mizoguchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
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Lee BH, Bussi IL, de la Iglesia HO, Hague C, Koh DS, Hille B. Two indoleamines are secreted from rat pineal gland at night and act on melatonin receptors but are not night hormones. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12622. [PMID: 31715643 PMCID: PMC7007382 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At night, the pineal gland produces the indoleamines, melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), and N-acetyltryptamine (NAT). Melatonin is accepted as a hormone of night. Could NAS and NAT serve that role too? METHODS Concentration-response measurements with overexpressed human melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 ; mass spectrometry analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated secretions from isolated rat pineal glands; analysis of 24-hour periodic samples of rat blood. RESULTS We show that NAT and NAS do activate melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 , although with lower potency than melatonin, and that in vitro, melatonin and NAS are secreted from stimulated, isolated pineal glands in roughly equimolar amounts, but secretion of NAT was much less. All three were found at roughly equal concentrations in blood during the night. However, during the day, serum melatonin fell to very low values creating a high-amplitude circadian rhythm that was absent after pinealectomy, whereas NAS and NAT showed only small or no circadian variation. CONCLUSION Blood levels of NAS and NAT were insufficient to activate peripheral melatonin receptors, and they were invariant, so they could not serve as circulating hormones of night. However, they could instead act in paracrine circadian fashion near the pineal gland or via other higher-affinity receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
| | - Ivana L. Bussi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington School, Seattle, WA 98195-1800 USA
| | | | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
- Co-corresponding authors: Bertil Hille; , Phone: 206-543-6661, Duk-Su Koh; , Phone: 206-407-6690
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290 USA
- Co-corresponding authors: Bertil Hille; , Phone: 206-543-6661, Duk-Su Koh; , Phone: 206-407-6690
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A Differential Hypofunctionality of Gαi Proteins Occurs in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Correlates with the Risk of Disease Progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10074. [PMID: 31296888 PMCID: PMC6624302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most prevalent spine deformity and the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology remain poorly understood. We have previously found a differential impairment of melatonin receptor signaling in AIS osteoblasts allowing the classification of patients into three biological endophenotypes or functional groups (FG1, FG2 and FG3). Here, we provide evidence that the defect characterizing each endophenotype lies at the level of Gαi proteins leading to a systemic and generalized differential impairment of Gi-coupled receptor signaling. The three Gαi isoforms exhibited a selective serine phosphorylation patterns for each AIS endophenotype resulting in a differential reduction in Gαi protein activity as determined by cellular dielectric spectroscopy and small interfering RNA methods. We found that one endophenotype (FG2) with phosphorylated Gαi1 and Gαi2 was consistently associated with a significantly high risk of spinal deformity progression when compared to the other two endophenotypes (FG1 and FG3). We further demonstrated that each endophenotype is conserved among affected family members. This study expands our understanding of the mechanism underlying the Gi-coupled receptor signaling dysfunction occurring in AIS and provides the first evidence for its hereditary nature. Collectively, our findings offers a new perspective on Gαi hypofunctionality in a human disease by revealing specific serine phosphorylation signatures of Gαi isoforms that may facilitate the identification of AIS patients at risk of spinal deformity progression.
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Vlachou M, Stavrou G, Siamidi A, Flitouri S, Ioannidou V, Mavrokordopoulos S. N-Acetylserotonin vs Melatonin: In-Vitro Controlled Release from Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180404125519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: N-Acetylserotonin (NAS, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is the immediate
precursor of the neurohormone melatonin (MT, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), which regulates
sleep and wake cycles. NAS is produced by the N-acetylation of serotonin and is converted to melatonin
via the action of Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT). Like melatonin, NAS acts as
an agonist on the melatonin receptors MT1, MT2, and MT3. However, as NAS is abundant in specific
brain areas, separate from serotonin and melatonin, it may also have discrete central effects.
Indicatively, it has been reported that NAS may play a role in the antidepressant effects of Selective
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs).
</P><P>
Objective: To decipher the controlled release characteristics of the active substances (NAS and MT)
in a quick initial pace, aiming at a satisfactory sleep-onset related anti-depressive profile and prolonged
release, thereafter, targeting at coping with poor sleep quality problems.
</P><P>
Methods: A series of hydrophilic matrix tablets involving as excipients, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
(HPMC) K15M, low viscosity sodium alginate, lactose monohydrate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
M.W.: 10.000 and 55.000) was developed and tested at two dissolution media (pH 1.2 and 7.4).
</P><P>
Results: The results showed that commonly used excipients with different physicochemical properties
govern the controlled release of NAS and MT from solid matrix systems.
</P><P>
Conclusions: We have demonstrated how broadly used excipients affect the in vitro controlled
release of NAS and MT from solid pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, we extend our studies
on the controlled release of these drugs using various other biopolymers/formulants of different
physicochemical characteristics, which will help to highlight the discrete release profiles of NAS
and MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vlachou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - G. Stavrou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - A. Siamidi
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - S. Flitouri
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - V. Ioannidou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - S. Mavrokordopoulos
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Furiassi L, Mari M, Mor M, Scalvini L, Lodola A, Ghidini A, Lucini V, Dugnani S, Scaglione F, Piomelli D, Jung KM, Supuran CT, Lucarini L, Durante M, Sgambellone S, Masini E, Rivara S. Identification of Bivalent Ligands with Melatonin Receptor Agonist and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitory Activity That Exhibit Ocular Hypotensive Effect in the Rabbit. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7902-7916. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia Furiassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghidini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvana Dugnani
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A I-43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Shiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Durante
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A I-43124 Parma, Italy
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Cecon E, Oishi A, Jockers R. Melatonin receptors: molecular pharmacology and signalling in the context of system bias. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3263-3280. [PMID: 28707298 PMCID: PMC6057902 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, an evolutionally old molecule, is produced by the pineal gland in vertebrates, and it binds with high affinity to melatonin receptors, which are members of the GPCR family. Among the multiple effects attributed to melatonin, we will focus here on those that are dependent on the activation of the two mammalian MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. We briefly summarize the latest developments on synthetic melatonin receptor ligands, including multi-target-directed ligands, and the characterization of signalling-biased ligands. We discuss signalling pathways activated by melatonin receptors that appear to be highly cell- and tissue-dependent, emphasizing the impact of system bias on the functional outcome. Different proteins have been demonstrated to interact with melatonin receptors, and thus, we postulate that part of this system bias has its molecular basis in differences of the expression of receptor-associated proteins including heterodimerization partners. Finally, bias at the level of the receptor, by the expression of genetic receptor variants, will be discussed to show how a modified receptor function can have an effect on the risk for common diseases like type 2 diabetes in humans. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
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10
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Heritability of the melatonin synthesis variability in autism spectrum disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17746. [PMID: 29255243 PMCID: PMC5735101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex genetic architecture. They are characterized by impaired social communication, stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests and are frequently associated with comorbidities such as intellectual disability, epilepsy and severe sleep disorders. Hyperserotonemia and low melatonin levels are among the most replicated endophenotypes reported in ASD, but their genetic causes remain largely unknown. Based on the biochemical profile of 717 individuals including 213 children with ASD, 128 unaffected siblings and 376 parents and other relatives, we estimated the heritability of whole-blood serotonin, platelet N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and plasma melatonin levels, as well as the two enzymes arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) activities measured in platelets. Overall, heritability was higher for NAS (0.72 ± 0.091) and ASMT (0.59 ± 0.097) compared with serotonin (0.31 ± 0.078), AANAT (0.34 ± 0.077) and melatonin (0.22 ± 0.071). Bivariate analyses showed high phenotypic and genetic correlations between traits of the second step of the metabolic pathway (NAS, ASMT and melatonin) indicating the contribution of shared genetic factors. A better knowledge of the heritability of the melatonin synthesis variability constitutes an important step to identify the factors that perturb this pathway in individuals with ASD.
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11
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Gatti G, Lucini V, Dugnani S, Calastretti A, Spadoni G, Bedini A, Rivara S, Mor M, Canti G, Scaglione F, Bevilacqua A. Antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of melatonin analogues on melanoma and breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68338-68353. [PMID: 28978121 PMCID: PMC5620261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin plays different physiological functions ranging from the regulation of circadian rhythms to tumor inhibition, owing to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-aging properties. Due to its pleiotropic functions, melatonin has been shown to elicit cytoprotective processes in normal cells and trigger pro-apoptotic signals in cancer cells. The therapeutic potential of melatonin analogues prompted us to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of new melatonin derivatives and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. The experiments revealed that the new melatonin analogues inhibited the growth of melanoma and breast cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, our results indicated that melatonin derivative UCM 1037 could induce apoptosis in melanoma and breast cancer cells, as well as cell necrosis, in MCF-7. Together, apoptosis and necrosis could be two possible mechanisms to explain the cytotoxic effect of the melatonin analogue against cancer cells. The suppression of tumor growth by the melatonin analogues was further demonstrated in vivo in a xenograft mice model. A decrease in the activation of MAPK pathway was observed in all cancer cells following UCM 1037 treatment. Overall, this study describes a promising antitumor compound showing antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in melanoma and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Gatti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Dugnani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Calastretti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Canti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bevilacqua
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Lacoste B, Angeloni D, Dominguez-Lopez S, Calderoni S, Mauro A, Fraschini F, Descarries L, Gobbi G. Anatomical and cellular localization of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors in the adult rat brain. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:397-417. [PMID: 25726952 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of melatonin in mammalian brain pathophysiology has received growing interest, but information about the anatomical distribution of its two G-protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2 , remains elusive. In this study, using specific antibodies, we examined the precise distribution of both melatonin receptors immunoreactivity across the adult rat brain using light, confocal, and electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate a selective MT1 and MT2 localization on neuronal cell bodies and dendrites in numerous regions of the rat telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. Confocal and ultrastructural examination confirmed the somatodendritic nature of MT1 and MT2 receptors, both being localized on neuronal membranes. Overall, striking differences were observed in the anatomical distribution pattern of MT1 and MT2 proteins, and the labeling often appeared complementary in regions displaying both receptors. Somadendrites labeled for MT1 were observed for instance in the retrosplenial cortex, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the islands of Calleja, the medial habenula, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the superior colliculus, the substantia nigra pars compacta, the dorsal raphe nucleus, and the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland. Somadendrites endowed with MT2 receptors were mostly observed in the CA3 field of the hippocampus, the reticular thalamic nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, the inferior colliculus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Together, these data provide the first detailed neurocytological mapping of melatonin receptors in the adult rat brain, an essential prerequisite for a better understanding of melatonin distinct receptor function and neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Lacoste
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Circadian Pattern of Melatonin MT1 and MT2 Receptor Localization in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J Circadian Rhythms 2015; 13:1. [PMID: 27103927 PMCID: PMC4831275 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian pacemaker. The pineal hormone
melatonin is involved in the regulation of circadian phase. As a part of the circadian
system, its synthesis and secretion is under SCN control. On the other hand, melatonin
feeds back on the SCN to regulate its function. Melatonin has two specific windows of time
at which it regulates SCN function, namely dusk and dawn. It has been suggested that
melatonin exerts its effect on the SCN during that specific window of time via one or both
of its specific receptors, MT1 or MT2. The hypothesis that the density of these receptors
varies across the circadian cycle was tested. Using immunohistochemistry with
receptor-specific antibodies, the localization and distribution of melatonin receptors MT1
and MT2 was studied in the SCN at different Zeitgeber times (ZT): ZT 11–13 (dusk),
23–01 (dawn), 5–7 (mid-day), and 17–19 (midnight). Our results show that
MT1 receptor density significantly increased at dusk relative to dawn and midnight
(p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). Although MT1 receptors were widespread in the SCN
and parts of the optic chiasm at dusk, they were restricted to the SCN during the mid-day
period. MT2 receptors were not detected in the SCN. Thus, we find that melatonin receptor
MT1 density and distribution varies with circadian time. This creates a time window during
which melatonin can affect the operation of the SCN. We also find that melatonin regulates
SCN function via MT1 receptors with a minimal role for MT2.
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14
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Hu Y, Chan KH, He X, Ho MKC, Wong YH. Synthesis and functional characterization of substituted isoquinolinones as MT2-selective melatoninergic ligands. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113638. [PMID: 25479338 PMCID: PMC4257560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of substituted isoquinolinones were synthesized and their binding affinities and functional activities towards human melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors were evaluated. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that substituted isoquinolinones bearing a 3-methoxybenzyloxyl group at C5, C6 or C7 position respectively (C5>C6>C7 in terms of their potency) conferred effective binding and selectivity toward the MT2 receptor, with 15b as the most potent compound. Most of the tested compounds were MT2-selective agonists as revealed in receptor-mediated cAMP inhibition, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases. Intriguingly, compounds 7e and 7f bearing a 4-methoxybenzyloxyl group or 4-methylbenzyloxyl at C6 behaved as weak MT2-selective antagonists. These results suggest that substituted isoquinolinones represent a novel family of MT2-selective melatonin ligands. The position of the substituted benzyloxyl group, and the substituents on the benzyl ring appeared to dictate the functional characteristics of these compounds.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetulus
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Isoquinolines/chemical synthesis
- Isoquinolines/chemistry
- Ligands
- Melatonin/chemistry
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Hu
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - King H. Chan
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xixin He
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Maurice K. C. Ho
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yung H. Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and the Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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15
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Synthesis and characterization of new bivalent agents as melatonin- and histamine H3-ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16114-33. [PMID: 25222552 PMCID: PMC4200786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. In addition to the control of circadian rhythms, its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties have been widely described. Thus far, different bivalent compounds composed by a melatonin molecule linked to another neuroprotective agent were synthesized and tested for their ability to block neurodegenerative processes in vitro and in vivo. To identify a novel class of potential neuroprotective compounds, we prepared a series of bivalent ligands, in which a prototypic melatonergic ligand is connected to an imidazole-based H3 receptor antagonist through a flexible linker. Four imidazolyl-alkyloxy-anilinoethylamide derivatives, characterized by linkers of different length, were synthesized and their binding affinity for human MT1, MT2 and H3 receptor subtypes was evaluated. Among the tested compounds, 14c and 14d, bearing a pentyl and a hexyl linker, respectively, were able to bind to all receptor subtypes at micromolar concentrations and represent the first bivalent melatonergic/histaminergic ligands reported so far. These preliminary results, based on binding affinity evaluation, pave the way for the future development of new dual-acting compounds targeting both melatonin and histamine receptors, which could represent promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies.
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16
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Sakurai T, Koike T, Nakayama M. Pharmacological characterization of a highly selective and potent partial agonist of the MT₂ melatonin receptor. Pharmacology 2014; 93:244-52. [PMID: 25059758 DOI: 10.1159/000362561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The MT₂ melatonin receptor is a potential target for treating circadian rhythm sleep disorders. This study aims to characterize the recently identified MT₂ melatonin receptor agonist. METHODS The pharmacological properties of the MT₂ melatonin receptor-selective agonist as exemplified by compound 1 [N-(2-[7-benzyl-1,6-dihydro-2H-indeno(5,4-b)furan-8-yl]ethyl)acetamide] were evaluated by use of cell-free binding and cell-based functional assays. RESULTS Competition binding assays using 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin revealed rapid, reversible, and high-affinity binding of compound 1 to human, mouse, and rat MT₂ melatonin receptors. cAMP, ERK1/2, and PathHunter β-arrestin recruitment assays revealed partial agonist activities. However, compound 1 induced a more intense internalization of human MT₂ melatonin receptor than melatonin. Based on studies using structurally related analogs of compound 1, we further demonstrated that the extent of internalization is independent of the intrinsic efficacy of agonists. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel insights into the relationship between intrinsic agonist efficacy and agonist-induced internalization and demonstrate that compound 1 could serve as a pharmacological tool for future studies to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanism of MT₂ receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Sakurai
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
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17
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Landagaray E, Ettaoussi M, Leclerc V, Traoré B, Perez V, Nosjean O, Boutin JA, Caignard DH, Delagrange P, Berthelot P, Yous S. New melatonin (MT1/MT2) ligands: Design and synthesis of (8,9-dihydro-7H-furo[3,2-f]chromen-1-yl) derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:986-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Novel conformationally constrained analogues of agomelatine as new melatoninergic ligands. Molecules 2012; 18:154-66. [PMID: 23262445 PMCID: PMC6269769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel conformationally restricted analogues of agomelatine were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated at MT1 and MT2 melatoninergic receptors. Replacement of the N-acetyl side chain of agomelatine by oxathiadiazole-2-oxide (compound 3), oxadiazole-5(4H)-one (compound 4), tetrazole (compound 5), oxazolidinone (compound 7a), pyrrolidinone (compound 7b), imidazolidinedione (compound 12), thiazole (compounds 13 and 14) and isoxazole moieties (compound 15) led to a decrease of the melatoninergic binding affinities, particularly at MT1. Compounds 7a and 7b exhibiting nanomolar affinity towards the MT2 receptors subtypes have shown the most interesting pharmacological results of this series with the appearance of a weak MT2-selectivity.
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19
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Rivara S, Pala D, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Dugnani S, Scaglione F, Bedini A, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Spadoni G. MT1-Selective Melatonin Receptor Ligands: Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Molecular Dynamics Investigation ofN-{[(3-O-Substituted)anilino]alkyl}amides. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1954-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Devavry S, Legros C, Brasseur C, Delagrange P, Spadoni G, Cohen W, Malpaux B, Boutin JA, Nosjean O. Description of the constitutive activity of cloned human melatonin receptors hMT(1) and hMT(2) and discovery of inverse agonists. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:29-37. [PMID: 22017484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin receptors have been described to activate different G protein-dependent signaling pathways, both in laboratory, heterologous, cellular models and in physiological conditions. Furthermore, the constitutive activity of G protein-coupled receptors has been shown to be key in physiological and pathological conditions. In the case of melatonin receptors, information is rather scare and concerns only MT1 receptors. In the present report, we show that the G protein-coupled melatonin receptors do have a constitutive, nonmelatonin-induced signaling activity using two cellular models of different origins, the Chinese hamster ovary cell line and Neuro2A, a neuroblastoma cell line. Furthermore, we show that this constitutive activity involves mainly Gi proteins, which is consistent with the common knowledge on the melatonin receptors. Importantly, we also describe, for the first time, inverse agonist properties for melatonin ligands. Although it is clear than more in-depth, biochemistry-based studies will be required to better understand by which pathway(s) the constitutively active melatonin receptors transfer melatonin information into intracellular biochemical events; our data open interesting perspectives for understanding the importance of the constitutive activity of melatonin receptors in physiological conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Humans
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Devavry
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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21
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Tosini G, Ye K, Iuvone PM. N-acetylserotonin: neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and the sleepy brain. Neuroscientist 2012; 18:645-53. [PMID: 22585341 DOI: 10.1177/1073858412446634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylserotonin (NAS) is a naturally occurring chemical intermediate in biosynthesis of melatonin. Previous studies have shown that NAS has different brain distribution patterns from those of serotonin and melatonin, suggesting that NAS might have functions other than as a precursor or metabolite of melatonin. Indeed, several studies have now shown that NAS may play an important role in mood regulation and may have antidepressant activity. Additional studies have shown that NAS stimulates proliferation of neuroprogenitor cells and prevents some of the negative effects of sleep deprivation. It is believed that the antidepressant and neurotrophic actions of NAS are due at least in part to the capability on this molecule to activate the TrkB receptor in a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-independent manner. Emerging evidence also indicates that NAS and its derivatives have neuroprotective properties and protect retinal photoreceptor cells from light-induced degeneration. In this review, the authors discuss the literature about this exciting and underappreciated molecule.
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22
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Bedini A, Lucarini S, Spadoni G, Tarzia G, Scaglione F, Dugnani S, Pannacci M, Lucini V, Carmi C, Pala D, Rivara S, Mor M. Toward the Definition of Stereochemical Requirements for MT2-Selective Antagonists and Partial Agonists by Studying 4-Phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8362-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200790v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Silvana Dugnani
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Marilou Pannacci
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Caterina Carmi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pala
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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23
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Orlando P, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Mor M, Rivara S, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F. Bivalent ligand approach on N-{2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl}acetamide: Synthesis, binding affinity and intrinsic activity for MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4910-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Koike T, Hoashi Y, Takai T, Nakayama M, Yukuhiro N, Ishikawa T, Hirai K, Uchikawa O. 1,6-Dihydro-2H-indeno[5,4-b]furan derivatives: design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of a novel class of highly potent MT₂-selective agonists. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3436-44. [PMID: 21473625 DOI: 10.1021/jm200221q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 1,6-dihydro-2H-indeno[5,4-b]furan derivatives were designed and synthesized as MT(2)-selective ligands. This scaffold was identified as a potent mimic of the 5-methoxy indole core of melatonin, and introduction of a cyclohexylmethyl group at the 7-position of this scaffold afforded an MT(2)-selective ligand 15 (K(i) = 0.012 nM) with high MT(1)/MT(2) selectivity (799). Compound 15 was identified as a potent full agonist for the MT(2) subtype and exhibited reentrainment effects to a new light/dark cycle in ICR mice at 3-30 mg/kg. This result demonstrated the involvement of the MT(2) receptors in chronobiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Koike
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 17-85 Jusohonmachi, 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
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25
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Carocci A, Catalano A, Lovece A, Lentini G, Duranti A, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F, Franchini C. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological effects of structurally simple ligands for MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6496-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Dubocovich ML, Delagrange P, Krause DN, Sugden D, Cardinali DP, Olcese J. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, classification, and pharmacology of G protein-coupled melatonin receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:343-80. [PMID: 20605968 PMCID: PMC2964901 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is synthesized primarily in the pineal gland and retina, and in several peripheral tissues and organs. In the circulation, the concentration of melatonin follows a circadian rhythm, with high levels at night providing timing cues to target tissues endowed with melatonin receptors. Melatonin receptors receive and translate melatonin's message to influence daily and seasonal rhythms of physiology and behavior. The melatonin message is translated through activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, MT(1) and MT(2), that are potential therapeutic targets in disorders ranging from insomnia and circadian sleep disorders to depression, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the steps taken since melatonin's discovery by Aaron Lerner in 1958 to functionally characterize, clone, and localize receptors in mammalian tissues. The pharmacological and molecular properties of the receptors are described as well as current efforts to discover and develop ligands for treatment of a number of illnesses, including sleep disorders, depression, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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27
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Rivara S, Vacondio F, Fioni A, Silva C, Carmi C, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Caronno A, Scaglione F, Gobbi G, Spadoni G, Bedini A, Orlando P, Lucarini S, Tarzia G. N-(Anilinoethyl)amides: Design and Synthesis of Metabolically Stable, Selective Melatonin Receptor Ligands. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1746-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Ishii H, Tanaka N, Kobayashi M, Kato M, Sakuma Y. Gene structures, biochemical characterization and distribution of rat melatonin receptors. J Physiol Sci 2009; 59:37-47. [PMID: 19340560 PMCID: PMC10717452 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-008-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors for the pineal hormone melatonin have been partially cloned from rats. However, insufficient information about their cDNA sequences has hindered studies of their distribution and physiological responses to melatonin using rats as an animal model. We have cloned cDNAs of two rat membrane melatonin receptor subtypes, melatonin receptor 1a (MT1) and melatonin receptor 1b (MT2), using a rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) method. The rat MT1 and MT2 cDNAs encode proteins of 353 and 364 amino acids, respectively, and show 78-93% identities with the human and mouse counterparts. Stable expression of either rat MT1 or MT2 in NIH3T3 cells resulted in high affinity 2-[(125)I]-iodomelatonin ((125)I-Mel) binding (K (d) = 73.2 +/- 9.0 and 73.7 +/- 2.9 pM, respectively), and exhibited a similar rank order of inhibition of specific (125)I-Mel binding by five ligands (2-iodomelatonin > melatonin > 6-hydroxymelatonin > luzindole > N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine). RT-PCR analysis showed that MT1 is highly expressed in the hypothalamus, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, stomach, and ovary, while MT2 is highly expressed in the hippocampus, kidney, and ovary. We also performed multi-cell RT-PCR to examine the expression of mRNAs encoding MT1 and MT2 in adult GnRH neurons. MT1 was weakly expressed in male GnRH neurons, and was less expressed in the female neurons. MT2 expression was undetectable in GnRH neurons from either sex. This study delineates the gene structures, fundamental properties, and distribution of both rat melatonin receptor subtypes, and may offer opportunities to assess the physiological significance of melatonin in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Brain/physiology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Endocrine Glands/physiology
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Kidney/physiology
- Lung/physiology
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Transgenic
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stomach/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ishii
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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29
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Stumpf I, Mühlbauer E, Peschke E. Involvement of the cGMP pathway in mediating the insulin-inhibitory effect of melatonin in pancreatic beta-cells. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:318-27. [PMID: 18363673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated an influence of melatonin on insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. The effects are receptor-mediated via two parallel signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to examine the relevance of a second melatonin receptor (MT2) as well as the involvement of a third signaling cascade in mediating melatonin effects, i.e. the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Our results demonstrate that the insulin-inhibiting effect of melatonin could be partly reversed by preincubation with the unspecific melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole as well as by the MT2-receptor-specific antagonist 4P-PDOT (4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline). As melatonin is known to modulate cGMP concentration via the MT2 receptor, these data indicate transmission of the melatonin effects via the cGMP transduction cascade. Molecular investigations established the presence of different types of guanylate cyclases, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in rat insulinoma beta-cells (INS1). Moreover, variations in mRNA expression were found when comparing day and night values as well as different states of glucose metabolism. Incubation experiments provided evidence that 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-stimulated cGMP concentrations were significantly decreased in INS1 cells exposed to melatonin for 1 hr in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This effect could also be reversed by application of luzindole and 4P-PDOT. Stimulation with 8-Br-cGMP resulted in significantly increased insulin production. In conclusion, it could be demonstrated that the melatonin receptor subtype MT2 as well as the cGMP signaling pathway are involved in mediating the insulin-inhibiting effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Stumpf
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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30
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Melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in mouse cerebellar granule cells. Neuroscience 2008; 155:1160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Synthesis of 3-phenylnaphthalenic derivatives as new selective MT2 melatoninergic ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8339-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Suzuki N, Somei M, Kitamura KI, Reiter RJ, Hattori A. Novel bromomelatonin derivatives suppress osteoclastic activity and increase osteoblastic activity: implications for the treatment of bone diseases. J Pineal Res 2008; 44:326-34. [PMID: 18339128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The teleost scale is a calcified tissue that contains osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone matrix, all of which are similar to those found in mammalian membrane bone. Using the goldfish scale, we recently developed a new in vitro assay system and previously demonstrated that melatonin suppressed both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities in this assay system. In mammals, 2-bromomelatonin possesses a higher affinity for the melatonin receptor than does melatonin. Using a newly developed synthetic method, we synthesized 2-bromomelatonin, 2,4,6-tribromomelatonin and novel bromomelatonin derivatives (1-allyl-2,4,6-tribromomelatonin, 1-propargyl-2,4,6-tribromomelatonin, 1-benzyl-2,4,6-tribromomelatonin, and 2,4,6,7-tetrabromomelatonin) and then examined the effects of these chemicals on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. All bromomelatonin derivatives, as well as melatonin, had an inhibitory action on osteoclasts. In particular, 1-benzyl-2,4,6-tribromomelatonin (benzyl-tribromomelatonin) possessed a stronger activity than melatonin. At an in vitro concentration of 10(-10) m, benzyl-tribromomelatonin still suppressed osteoclastic activity after 6 hr of incubation. In reference to osteoblasts, all bromomelatonin derivatives had a stimulatory action, although melatonin inhibited osteoblastic activity. In addition, estrogen receptor mRNA expression (an osteoblastic marker) was increased in benzyl-tribromomelatonin (10(-7) m)-treated scales. Taken together, the present results strongly suggest that these novel melatonin derivatives have significant potential for use as beneficial drug for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa, Japan
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33
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Diamantini G, Tarzia G, Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Caronno A, Fraschini F. Synthesis, Enantiomeric Resolution, and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of a Series of 10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene MT2 Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1741-9. [PMID: 17907131 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Racemic N-(8-methoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-ylmethyl)acetamide (compound 5) was previously identified as a novel selective MT(2) antagonist fulfilling the requirements of pharmacophore and 3D QSAR models. In this study the enantiomers of 5 were separated by medium-pressure liquid chromatography and behaved as the racemate. Compound 5 was modified at the acylaminomethyl side chain and at position C8. The resulting analogues generally behaved as melatonin receptor antagonists (GTPgammaS test) with a modest degree of selectivity (up to 10-fold) for the MT(2) receptor. Changes at the amide side chain led to a decrease in binding affinity, whereas 8-acetyl and 8-methyl derivatives 12 and 11, respectively, were as potent as the 8-methoxy parent compound 5. Docking experiments with an MT(2) receptor model suggested binding modes consistent with the observed SARs and with the lack of selectivity of the enantiomers of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy
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34
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Rivara S, Lodola A, Mor M, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Fraschini F, Scaglione F, Sanchez RO, Gobbi G, Tarzia G. N-(Substituted-anilinoethyl)amides: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of a New Class of Melatonin Receptor Ligands. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6618-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jm700957j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Marilou Pannacci
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Franco Fraschini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Rafael Ochoa Sanchez
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27/A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy, Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H1N 3V2, and Department of
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35
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Di Giacomo B, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Tarzia G, Fraschini F, Pannacci M, Lucini V. Synthesis and biological activity of new melatonin dimeric derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4643-50. [PMID: 17481904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of melatonin (MLT) dimers were obtained by linking together two melatonin units with a linear alkyl chain through the MLT acetamido group or through a C-2 carboxyalkyl function. The binding properties of these ligands were evaluated in in vivo experiments on cloned human MT(1) and MT(2) receptors expressed in NIH3T3 rat fibroblast cells. The class of 2-carboxyalkyl dimers was the most interesting one with compounds having good MT(1)/MT(2) nanomolar affinity. The data obtained suggest that the spacer length is crucial for optimal interaction at both receptor subtypes as well as to determine functional activity of the resulting dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Giacomo
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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36
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Bedini A, Spadoni G, Gatti G, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F. Design and synthesis of N-(3,3-diphenylpropenyl)alkanamides as a novel class of high-affinity MT2-selective melatonin receptor ligands. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7393-403. [PMID: 17149869 DOI: 10.1021/jm060850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of melatonin receptor ligands was discovered by opening the cyclic scaffolds of known classes of high affinity melatonin receptor antagonists, while retaining the pharmacophore elements postulated by previously described 3D-QSAR and receptor models. Compounds belonging to the classes of 2,3- and [3,3-diphenylprop(en)yl]alkanamides and of o- or [(m-benzyl)phenyl]ethyl-alkanamides were synthesized and tested on MT(1) and MT(2) receptors. The class of 3,3-diphenyl-propenyl-alkanamides was the most interesting one, with compounds having MT(2) receptor affinity similar to that of MLT, remarkable MT(2) selectivity, and partial agonist or antagonist behavior. In particular, the (E)-m-methoxy cyclobutanecarboxamido derivative 18f and the di-(m-methoxy) acetamido one, 18g, have sub-nM affinity for the MT(2) subtype, with more than 100-fold selectivity over MT(1), 18f being an antagonist and 18g a partial agonist on GTPgammaS test. Docking of 18g into a previously developed MT(2) receptor model showed a binding scheme consistent with that of other antagonists. The MT(2) expected binding affinities of the new compounds were calculated by a previously developed 3D-QSAR CoMFA model, giving satisfactory predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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37
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Guidi T, Tarzia G, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Fraschini F. Towards the Development of Mixed MT1-Agonist/MT2-Antagonist Melatonin Receptor Ligands. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:1099-105. [PMID: 16955531 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report attempts to optimize the pharmacological properties of 5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-N-acetyltryptamine (5-HEAT), a melatonin receptor ligand previously described by us. Several 5-substituted and 2,5-disubstituted N-acyltryptamines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for the human cloned MT(1) and MT(2) receptors. From this series of N-acyltryptamines the 2-bromo derivative (5 c) retains the interesting efficacy profile of 5-HEAT and shows increased melatonin receptor affinities; it represents one of the first examples of a high-affinity MT(1) agonist/MT(2) antagonist. Some other full agonists for both melatonin receptors which exhibit similar or increased affinity relative to that of melatonin were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, Urbino, Italy
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38
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Rivara S, Diamantini G, Di Giacomo B, Lamba D, Gatti G, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Mor M, Spadoni G, Tarzia G. Reassessing the melatonin pharmacophore—Enantiomeric resolution, pharmacological activity, structure analysis, and molecular modeling of a constrained chiral melatonin analogue. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3383-91. [PMID: 16431121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
3-(Acetylaminomethyl)-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-6-methoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[cd]indole (2) is a rigid melatonin analogue that as a racemate displays about the same affinity and intrinsic activity of melatonin (1) in in vitro experiments. We report here the resolution of the racemate by preparative medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and the X-ray determination of the R absolute configuration of the (-)-enantiomer. The two enantiomers were separately tested as MT1 and MT2 ligands, and the (+)-(S)-2 showed a potency comparable to that of melatonin and about three orders of magnitude greater than that of its enantiomer. The information obtained by crystallographic analysis and NMR studies about the conformational preference for 2 and by the pharmacological characterization of (R)-2 and (S)-2 was employed in a molecular modeling study, aimed at reassessing the melatonin receptor pharmacophore model for agonist compounds. Chiral enantioselective agonists reported in the literature were also included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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39
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Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Mor M, Plazzi PV, Spadoni G, Bedini A, Tarzia G. Analysis of structure-activity relationships for MT2 selective antagonists by melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor models. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4049-60. [PMID: 15943478 DOI: 10.1021/jm048956y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional homology models of human MT(1) and MT(2) melatonin receptors were built with the aim to investigate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MT(2) selective antagonists. A common interaction pattern was proposed for a series of structurally different MT(2) selective antagonists, which were positioned within the binding site by docking and simulated annealing. The proposed antagonist binding mode to the MT(2) receptor is characterized by the accommodation of the out-of-plane substituents in a hydrophobic pocket, which resulted as being fundamental for the explanation of the antagonist behavior and the MT(2) receptor selectivity. Moreover, to assess the ability of the MT(2) receptor model to reproduce the SARs of MT(2) antagonists, three new derivatives of the MT(2) selective antagonist N-[1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-4-methoxy-1H-indol-2-ylmethyl]-propionamide (7) were synthesized and tested for their receptor affinity and intrinsic activity. These compounds were docked into the MT(2) receptor model and were submitted to molecular dynamics studies, providing results in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. These results confirm the importance of the out-of-plane group in receptor binding and selectivity and provide a partial validation of the proposed G protein-coupled receptor model.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cattle
- Humans
- Indoles/chemical synthesis
- Indoles/chemistry
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy.
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40
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El-Sherif Y, Witt-Enderby P, Li PK, Tesoriero J, Hogan MV, Wieraszko A. The actions of a charged melatonin receptor ligand, TMEPI, and an irreversible MT2 receptor agonist, BMNEP, on mouse hippocampal evoked potentials in vitro. Life Sci 2005; 75:3147-56. [PMID: 15488894 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously determined that melatonin modulates hippocampal synaptic transmission in a biphasic way: an initial depression was followed by a recovery/amplification phase. Here we describe the influence of two novel melatonin receptor ligands, BMNEP (N-bromoacetyl-2-iodo-5-methoxytryptamine) and TMPEI (N-[2-(2-Trimethylammoniumethyleneoxy-7-methoxy)ethyl]propionamide iodide), on the population spike (PS) and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) recorded from mouse hippocampal slices. BMNEP, which specifically alkylates and constitutively activates the MT2 melatonin receptor, mimicked the first phase of melatonin's action by irreversibly depressing both the PS and EPSP. TMPEI, a charged ligand of plasma membrane melatonin receptors, amplified those potentials in a manner similar to the effect of melatonin observed during the second, recovery phase. Melatonin had no influence on the potentials amplified by the action of TMPEI. Our results suggest that the biphasic, receptor-dependent action of melatonin and its analogs modulates the efficiency of the hippocampal glutamergic synapse and is most likely mediated through two different, sequentially occurring mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir El-Sherif
- Department of Biology and CSI/IBR Center for Developmental Neuroscience, The College of Staten Island/CUNY, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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41
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Piersanti G, Mor M, Rivara S, Tarzia G. Strategies leading to MT2 selective melatonin receptor antagonists. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 527:577-85. [PMID: 15206776 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0135-0_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the physiological actions of melatonin have been hindered by the lack of specific, potent and subtype selective agonists and antagonists. This paper reviews our progress in developing subtype selective melatonin antagonists. Evidence is presented suggesting the structural features conferring MT2 selective antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
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42
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Epperson JR, Bruce MA, Catt JD, Deskus JA, Hodges DB, Karageorge GN, Keavy DJ, Mahle CD, Mattson RJ, Ortiz AA, Parker MF, Takaki KS, Watson BT. Chronobiotic activity of N-[2-(2,7-dimethoxyfluoren-9-yl)ethyl]-propanamide. Synthesis and melatonergic pharmacology of fluoren-9-ylethyl amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4601-11. [PMID: 15358287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluoren-9-yl ethyl amides (2) were synthesized and evaluated for human melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptor binding. N-[2-(2,7-dimethoxyfluoren-9-yl)ethyl]propanamide (2b) was selected and evaluated in functional assays measuring intrinsic activity at the human MT(1) and MT(2) receptors and demonstrated full agonism at both receptors. The chronobiotic properties of 2b were demonstrated in both acute and chronic rat models where 2b produced an acute phase advance of 32 min at 1mg/kg and chronically entrained free-running rats with a mean effective dose of 0.23 mg/kg. Compound 2b is significantly less efficacious than melatonin in constricting human coronary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Epperson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Pkwy, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
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43
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Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F, Fraschini F, Rivara S, Mor M, Bordi F, Plazzi PV, Spadoni G, Bedini A, Piersanti G, Diamantini G, Tarzia G. Tricyclic alkylamides as melatonin receptor ligands with antagonist or inverse agonist activity. J Med Chem 2004; 47:4202-12. [PMID: 15293992 DOI: 10.1021/jm040768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the design and synthesis of novel alkylamides, characterized by a dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene nucleus, as melatonin (MLT) receptor ligands. The tricyclic scaffold was chosen on the basis of previous quantitative structure-activity studies on MT1 and MT2 antagonists, relating selective MT2 antagonism to the presence of an aromatic substituent out of the plane of the MLT indole ring. Some dibenzo seven-membered structures were thus selected because of the noncoplanar arrangement of their benzene rings, and an alkylamide chain was introduced to fit the requirements for MLT receptor binding, namely, dibenzocycloheptenes with an acylaminoalkyl side chain at position 10 and dibenzoazepines with this side chain originating from the nitrogen atom bridging the two phenyl rings. Binding affinity at human cloned MT1 and MT2 receptors was measured by 2-[125I]iodomelatonin displacement assay and intrinsic activity by the GTPgammaS test. The majority of the compounds were characterized by higher affinity at the MT2 than at the MT1 receptor and by very low intrinsic activity values, thus confirming the importance of the noncoplanar arrangement of the two aromatic rings for selective MT2 antagonism. Dibenzocycloheptenes generally displayed higher MT1 and MT 2affinity than dibenzoazepines. N-(8-Methoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-ylmethyl)propionamide (4c) and -butyramide (4d) were the most selective MT2 receptor antagonists of the series, with MT2 receptor affinity comparable to that of melatonin and as such among the highest reported in the literature for MLT receptor antagonists. The acetamide derivative 4b produced a noticeable reduction of GTPgammaS binding at MT2 receptor, thus being among the few inverse agonists described.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cells, Cultured
- Dibenzocycloheptenes/chemical synthesis
- Dibenzocycloheptenes/chemistry
- Dibenzocycloheptenes/pharmacology
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Humans
- Ligands
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
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44
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New DC, Wong YH. Characterization of CHO Cells Stably Expressing a Gα16/zChimera for High Throughput Screening of GPCRs. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2004; 2:269-80. [PMID: 15285908 DOI: 10.1089/1540658041410641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets for drug discovery. The identification and characterization of new ligands ideally requires the use of high throughput assays that are applicable to all GPCR subtypes. To circumvent the problem of different GPCRs coupling to distinct intracellular second messenger pathways, we describe a new method that uses the chimeric Galpha protein 16z25 to facilitate this process. Stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, 16z25 allows G(i/o)- and G(s)-coupled receptors to mobilize intracellular Ca(2+) upon agonist stimulation. We have generated nine cell lines each stably expressing 16z25 and a GPCR. All cell lines respond to appropriate agonist stimulation in fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assays with robust and potent Ca(2+) mobilization. Several of these lines have been pharmacologically characterized using agonists and antagonists. We also demonstrate that the coexpression of GPCR and 16z25 does not interfere with the receptors' ability to activate endogenous signaling pathways. The ability of 16z25 to functionally mediate the agonist stimulation of a broad spectrum of GPCRs indicates that the use of cell lines stably coexpressing this chimera and GPCRs will simplify the drug screening process and aid in the deorphanization of new receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C New
- Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, China
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45
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Danilova N, Krupnik VE, Sugden D, Zhdanova IV. Melatonin stimulates cell proliferation in zebrafish embryo and accelerates its development. FASEB J 2004; 18:751-3. [PMID: 14766799 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0544fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
All vertebrates show a dramatic circadian rhythm in circulating melatonin with high levels at night and very low levels during daytime. In adults, melatonin is thought to synchronize other circadian rhythms and regulate seasonal rhythms in photoperiodic animals by acting on specific G-protein coupled receptors. The role of melatonin in development is unknown, even though melatonin receptors appear to be more highly expressed in developing embryos and neonates than in adults. In this study on zebrafish embryos, we describe a role for melatonin in increasing cell proliferation and accelerating development. We propose that melatonin has a role in extending the safe limit of proliferation rate at night to allow more rapid development when potentially damaging ultraviolet light is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Danilova
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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46
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Epperson JR, Deskus JA, Gentile AJ, Iben LG, Ryan E, Sarbin NS. 4-Substituted anilides as selective melatonin MT 2 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1023-6. [PMID: 15013015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Revised: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-substituted anilides with human melatonergic affinity is reported. Butyramides 26, 39, 42, 52, 57, and 58 all demonstrated subnanomolar MT(2) binding affinity and MT(2) selectivity of at least 70-fold over the MT(1) receptor. Compound 26 demonstrated full agonism at the MT(2) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Epperson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Receptors of the of seven transmembrane spanning, heterotrimeric G protein coupled family (GPCR) play crucial roles in regulating physiological functions and consequently are targets for the action of many classes of drugs. Activation of receptor by agonist leads to the dissociation of GDP from Galpha of the Galphabetagamma heterotrimer, followed by the binding of GTP to Galpha and subsequent modulation of downstream effectors. The G protein heterotrimer is reformed by GTPase activity of the Galpha subunit, forming Galpha-GDP and so allowing Galpha and Gbetagamma to recombine. The [35S]GTPgammaS assay measures the level of G protein activation following agonist occupation of a GPCR, by determining the binding of the non-hydrolyzable analog [35S]GTPgammaS to Galpha subunits. Thus, the assay measures a functional consequence of receptor occupancy at one of the earliest receptor-mediated events. The assay allows for traditional pharmacological parameters of potency, efficacy and antagonist affinity, with the advantage that agonist measures are not subjected to amplification or other modulation that may occur when analyzing parameters further downstream of the receptor. In general the assay is experimentally more feasible for receptors coupled to the abundant G(i/o) proteins. Nevertheless, [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays are used with GPCRs that couple to the G(s) and G(q) families of G proteins, especially in artificial expression systems, or using receptor-Galpha constructs or immunoprecipitation of [35S]GTPgammaS-labeled Galpha. The relative simplicity of the assay has made it very popular and its use is providing insights into contemporary pharmacological topics including the roles of accessory proteins in signaling, constitutive activity of receptors and agonist specific signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 MSRB III, West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0632, USA
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48
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Cabrera J, Quintana J, Reiter RJ, Loro J, Cabrera F, Estévez F. Melatonin prevents apoptosis and enhances HSP27 mRNA expression induced by heat shock in HL-60 cells: possible involvement of the MT2 receptor. J Pineal Res 2003; 35:231-8. [PMID: 14521627 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2003.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that melatonin protects cells and tissues against stressful stimuli. In the present study using HL-60 cells, we show that cells acquire increased resistance to apoptosis normally induced by heat shock when they are incubated with melatonin. This effect of melatonin is saturable at nanomolar concentrations and appears to be mediated by the MT2 subtype melatonin receptor. The high affinity melatonin receptor agonist, 2-iodomelatonin, reproduced the melatonin effect while it was fully blocked by the selective MT2 antagonist 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline. The melatonin response to heat shock-induced apoptosis was pertussis toxin sensitive and, interestingly, the non-selective MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor ligand luzindole was found to display agonistic activity. Furthermore, we provide evidence that melatonin enhanced HSP27 mRNA expression as a result of heat shock - HSP27, is known to play an important role in the defense of cells against apoptosis induced by stressful agents. Together, these results demonstrate that melatonin, likely via receptor mechanisms, interferes with the apoptotic pathway activated by heat shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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49
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Gatti G, Piersanti G, Spadoni G. Conformation by NMR of two tetralin-based receptor ligands. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2003; 58:469-76. [PMID: 12818685 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conformation in solution of 1-phenyl-3-propionamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and 1-phenyl-3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene has been determined by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and molecular mechanics calculations. The results indicate that in the cis isomers the cyclohexene ring is in a locked conformation and the trans isomers correspond to a mixture of the two inverted half chairs. Moreover, the data allowed the identification of the two purposely-synthesized geometrical isomers of 1-phenyl-3-propionamidotetralin. Binding studies on melatonin receptor subtypes showed that the (+/-)-cis-1-phenyl-3-propionamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene has higher affinity and selectivity ratio toward the MT(2) subtype than the (+/-)-trans-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gatti
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
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50
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Audinot V, Mailliet F, Lahaye-Brasseur C, Bonnaud A, Le Gall A, Amossé C, Dromaint S, Rodriguez M, Nagel N, Galizzi JP, Malpaux B, Guillaumet G, Lesieur D, Lefoulon F, Renard P, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. New selective ligands of human cloned melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2003; 367:553-61. [PMID: 12764576 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2002] [Accepted: 03/13/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has a key role in the circadian rhythm relay to periphery organs. Melatonin exerts its multiple roles mainly through two seven transmembrane domain, G-coupled receptors, namely MT1 or MT2 receptors. A pharmacological characterization of these human cloned melatonin hMT1 and hMT2 receptors stably expressed in HEK-293 or CHO cells is presented using a 2-[125I]-iodo-melatonin binding assay and a [35S]-GTPgammaS functional assay. Both reference compounds and new chemically diverse ligands were evaluated. Binding affinities at each receptor were found to be comparable on either HEK-293 or CHO cell membranes. Novel non-selective or selective hMT1 and hMT2 ligands are described. The [35S]-GTPgammaS functional assay was used to define the functional activity of these compounds which included partial, full agonist and/or antagonist activity. None of the compounds acted as an inverse agonist. We report new types of selective antagonists, such as S 25567 and S 26131 for MT1 and S 24601 for MT2. These studies brought other new molecular tools such as the selective MT1 agonist, S 24268, as well as the non-selective antagonist, S 22153. Finally, we also discovered S 25150, the most potent melatonin receptor agonist, so far reported in the literature.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Cricetinae
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Humans
- Ligands
- Melatonin/analogs & derivatives
- Melatonin/chemistry
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Audinot
- Division de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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