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Yarboro MT, Boatwright N, Sekulich DC, Hooper CW, Wong T, Poole SD, Berger CD, Brown AJ, Jetter CS, Sucre JMS, Shelton EL, Reese J. A novel role for PGE 2-EP 4 in the developmental programming of the mouse ductus arteriosus: consequences for vessel maturation and function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H687-H701. [PMID: 37566109 PMCID: PMC10643004 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00294.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a vascular shunt that allows oxygenated blood to bypass the developing lungs in utero. Fetal DA patency requires vasodilatory signaling via the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP4. However, in humans and mice, disrupted PGE2-EP4 signaling in utero causes unexpected patency of the DA (PDA) after birth, suggesting another role for EP4 during development. We used EP4-knockout (KO) mice and acute versus chronic pharmacological approaches to investigate EP4 signaling in DA development and function. Expression analyses identified EP4 as the primary EP receptor in the DA from midgestation to term; inhibitor studies verified EP4 as the primary dilator during this period. Chronic antagonism recapitulated the EP4 KO phenotype and revealed a narrow developmental window when EP4 stimulation is required for postnatal DA closure. Myography studies indicate that despite reduced contractile properties, the EP4 KO DA maintains an intact oxygen response. In newborns, hyperoxia constricted the EP4 KO DA but survival was not improved, and permanent remodeling was disrupted. Vasomotion and increased nitric oxide (NO) sensitivity in the EP4 KO DA suggest incomplete DA development. Analysis of DA maturity markers confirmed a partially immature EP4 KO DA phenotype. Together, our data suggest that EP4 signaling in late gestation plays a key developmental role in establishing a functional term DA. When disrupted in EP4 KO mice, the postnatal DA exhibits signaling and contractile properties characteristic of an immature DA, including impairments in the first, muscular phase of DA closure, in addition to known abnormalities in the second permanent remodeling phase.NEW & NOTEWORTHY EP4 is the primary EP receptor in the ductus arteriosus (DA) and is critical during late gestation for its development and eventual closure. The "paradoxical" patent DA (PDA) phenotype of EP4-knockout mice arises from a combination of impaired contractile potential, altered signaling properties, and a failure to remodel associated with an underdeveloped immature vessel. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into women who receive NSAIDs to treat preterm labor, whose infants have unexplained PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Yarboro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Naoko Boatwright
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Deanna C Sekulich
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher W Hooper
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ting Wong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Stanley D Poole
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Courtney D Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alexus J Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher S Jetter
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer M S Sucre
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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2
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Xu K, Shimizu M, Murai C, Fujisawa M, Ito D, Saitoh N, Nakagome Y, Yamashita M, Murata A, Oikawa S, Ou G, Yoshioka K, Obara K, Tanaka Y. Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid strongly inhibit prostanoid TP receptor-dependent contractions of guinea pig gastric fundus smooth muscle. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00952. [PMID: 35466586 PMCID: PMC9035583 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and linoleic acid (LA) on the contractions induced by five prostanoids and U46619 (a TP receptor agonist) were examined in guinea pig gastric fundus smooth muscle (GFSM). Tension changes were isometrically measured, and the mRNA expression of prostanoid receptors was measured by RT‐qPCR. DHA and EPA significantly inhibited contractions induced by the prostanoids and U46619, whereas LA inhibited those induced by prostaglandin D2 and U46619. The mRNA expression levels of the prostanoid receptors were TP ≈ EP3 >> FP > EP1. The inhibition by DHA, EPA, and LA was positively correlated with that by SQ 29,548 (a TP receptor antagonist) but not with that by L‐798,106 (an EP3 receptor antagonist). DHA and EPA suppressed high KCl‐induced contractions by 35% and 25%, respectively, and the contractions induced by the prostanoids and U46619 were suppressed by verapamil, a voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) inhibitor, by 40%–85%. Although LA did not suppress high KCl‐induced contractions, it suppressed U46619‐induced contractions in the presence of verapamil. However, LA did not show significant inhibitory effects on U46619‐induced Ca2+ increases in TP receptor‐expressing cells. In contrast, LA inhibited U46619‐induced contractions in the presence of verapamil, which was also suppressed by SKF‐96365 (a store‐operated Ca2+ channel [SOCC] inhibitor). These findings suggest that the TP receptor and VDCC are targets of DHA and EPA to inhibit prostanoid‐induced contractions of guinea pig GFSM, and SOCCs play a significant role in LA‐induced inhibition of U46619‐induced contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Xu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chika Murai
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miki Fujisawa
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daichi Ito
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noboru Saitoh
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakagome
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mio Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Azusa Murata
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunya Oikawa
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guanghan Ou
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Obara
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-City, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Biologically active lipids in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis in disease states. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108011. [PMID: 34614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have crucial roles in the regulation of interstitial fluids, immune surveillance, and the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine. Lymphatic function is also closely related to the pathogenesis of various disease states such as inflammation, lymphedema, endometriosis, liver dysfunction, and tumor metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels, is a critical determinant in the above conditions. Although the effect of growth factors on lymphangiogenesis is well-characterized, and biologically active lipids are known to affect smooth muscle contractility and vasoaction, there is accumulating evidence that biologically active lipids are also important inducers of growth factors and cytokines that regulate lymphangiogenesis. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of biologically active lipids, including arachidonic acid metabolites, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid, as regulators of lymphangiogenesis, and the emerging importance of the lymphangiogenesis as a therapeutic target.
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Obara K, Kawaguchi A, Inaba R, Kawakita M, Yamaguchi R, Yamashita H, Xu K, Ou G, Yamaki F, Yoshioka K, Tanaka Y. Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Inhibit the Contractile Responses of the Guinea Pig Lower Gastrointestinal Tract. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1129-1139. [PMID: 34334498 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and are abundant in fish oil. These n-3 PUFAs have been reported to improve the lower gastrointestinal (LGI) disorders such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease through their anti-inflammatory effects. However, there are few studies on the effect of n-3 PUFAs on motility of the LGI tract, such as the ileum and colon, the parts frequently affected by these inflammatory disorders. To elucidate the effects of DHA and EPA on the LGI tract motility, we performed comparative evaluation of their effects and linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 PUFA, on contractions in the ileal and colonic longitudinal smooth muscles (LSMs) isolated from guinea pigs. In the ileal and colonic LSMs, DHA and EPA (3 × 10-5 M each) significantly inhibited contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, and prostaglandin (PG) F2α (vs. control), and these effects are stronger than that of LA (3 × 10-5 M). In the colonic LSMs, DHA and EPA also significantly inhibited contractions induced by PGD2 (vs. control). In addition, DHA and EPA significantly inhibited CaCl2-induced ileal and colonic LSM contractions in Ca2+-free 80 mM-KCl solution (vs. control). Any ileal and colonic LSM contractions induced by ACh, histamine, PGF2α, and CaCl2 were completely suppressed by verapamil (10-5 M), a voltage-gated/dependent Ca2+ channel (VGCC/VDCC) inhibitor. These findings suggest that DHA and EPA could improve the abnormal contractile functions of the LGI tract associated with inflammatory diseases, partly through inhibition of VGCC/VDCC-dependent ileal and colonic LSM contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obara
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Ayana Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Rikako Inaba
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Mirai Kawakita
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Rika Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Haruna Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Keyue Xu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Guanghan Ou
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Fumiko Yamaki
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yoshio Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
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5
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Heeney A, Rogers AC, Mohan H, Mc Dermott F, Baird AW, Winter DC. Prostaglandin E 2 receptors and their role in gastrointestinal motility - Potential therapeutic targets. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 152:106499. [PMID: 33035691 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is found throughout the gastrointestinal tract in a diverse variety of functions and roles. The recent discovery of four PGE2 receptor subtypes in intestinal muscle layers as well as in the enteric plexus has led to much interest in the study of their roles in gut motility. Gut dysmotility has been implicated in functional disease processes including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and slow transit constipation, and lubiprostone, a PGE2 derivative, has recently been licensed to treat both conditions. The diversity of actions of PGE2 in the intestinal tract is attributed to its differing effects on its downstream receptor types, as well as their varied distribution in the gut, in both health and disease. This review aims to identify the role and distribution of PGE2 receptors in the intestinal tract, and aims to elucidate their distinct role in gut motor function, with a specific focus on functional intestinal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heeney
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - A C Rogers
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - H Mohan
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - F Mc Dermott
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A W Baird
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D C Winter
- Institute for Clinical Outcomes, Research and Education (ICORE), St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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6
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Luo J, Qian A, Oetjen LK, Yu W, Yang P, Feng J, Xie Z, Liu S, Yin S, Dryn D, Cheng J, Riehl TE, Zholos AV, Stenson WF, Kim BS, Hu H. TRPV4 Channel Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Gastrointestinal Motility via Direct Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells. Immunity 2018; 49:107-119.e4. [PMID: 29958798 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages are critical for gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis, but our understanding of their role in regulating intestinal motility is incomplete. Here, we report that CX3C chemokine receptor 1-expressing muscularis macrophages (MMs) were required to maintain normal GI motility. MMs expressed the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel, which senses thermal, mechanical, and chemical cues. Selective pharmacologic inhibition of TRPV4 or conditional deletion of TRPV4 from macrophages decreased intestinal motility and was sufficient to reverse the GI hypermotility that is associated with chemotherapy treatment. Mechanistically, stimulation of MMs via TRPV4 promoted the release of prostaglandin E2 and elicited colon contraction in a paracrine manner via prostaglandin E receptor signaling in intestinal smooth muscle cells without input from the enteric nervous system. Collectively, our data identify TRPV4-expressing MMs as an essential component required for maintaining normal GI motility and provide potential drug targets for GI motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialie Luo
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aihua Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Landon K Oetjen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zili Xie
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shenbin Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shijin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
| | - Dari Dryn
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Terrence E Riehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexander V Zholos
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - William F Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Selectively targeting prostanoid E (EP) receptor-mediated cell signalling pathways: Implications for lung health and disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 49:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Jones VC, Birrell MA, Maher SA, Griffiths M, Grace M, O'Donnell VB, Clark SR, Belvisi MG. Role of EP2 and EP4 receptors in airway microvascular leak induced by prostaglandin E2. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:992-1004. [PMID: 26639895 PMCID: PMC4831025 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Airway microvascular leak (MVL) involves the extravasation of proteins from post-capillary venules into surrounding tissue. MVL is a cardinal sign of inflammation and an important feature of airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma. PGE2, a product of COX-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid, binds to four receptors, termed EP1–4. PGE2 has a wide variety of effects within the airway, including modulation of inflammation, sensory nerve activation and airway tone. However, the effect of PGE2 on airway MVL and the receptor/s that mediate this have not been described. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Evans Blue dye was used as a marker of airway MVL, and selective EP receptor agonists and antagonists were used alongside EP receptor-deficient mice to define the receptor subtype involved. KEY RESULTS PGE2 induced significant airway MVL in mice and guinea pigs. A significant reduction in PGE2-induced MVL was demonstrated in Ptger2−/− and Ptger4−/− mice and in wild-type mice pretreated simultaneously with EP2 (PF-04418948) and EP4 (ER-819762) receptor antagonists. In a model of allergic asthma, an increase in airway levels of PGE2 was associated with a rise in MVL; this change was absent in Ptger2−/− and Ptger4−/− mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PGE2 is a key mediator produced by the lung and has widespread effects according to the EP receptor activated. Airway MVL represents a response to injury and under ‘disease’ conditions is a prominent feature of airway inflammation. The data presented highlight a key role for EP2 and EP4 receptors in MVL induced by PGE2.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens
- Animals
- Asthma/metabolism
- Azetidines/pharmacology
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Capillary Permeability
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Guinea Pigs
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Methyl Ethers/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Trachea/metabolism
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9
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Gamil AAA, Guo TC, König M, Evensen Ø. Distribution of EP4 receptor in different Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) tissues. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:143-150. [PMID: 25307202 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important lipid mediator that plays diverse functions in mammals. Four receptor subtypes of PGE2, designated EP1-4, have been identified to mediate its signaling pathways. Extensive studies of PGE2 and its receptors have been carried out in mammals, but little is known in fish, including Atlantic salmon. In the current study, the distribution of Atlantic salmon EP4 receptor in different tissues was investigated using RT- and real-time PCR. A custom made antibody was used to investigate the distribution of this receptor in different tissues. Quantitative analysis by real-time PCR revealed that the expression was more abundant in the spleen followed by head kidney, skin and fin while it was least expressed in heart, muscles and brain. The staining intensity obtained by immunohistochemistry correlated with the RT-PCR results. EP4 expression was strongly associated with the immune cells in different tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the distribution of EP4 receptor in Atlantic salmon tissues. Our findings suggest that EP4 may play a role in mediating immune responses as observed in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Gamil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - T-C Guo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - M König
- Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics, European Neuroscience Institute, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ø Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Mohan S, Glushakov AV, Decurnou A, Narumiya S, Doré S. Contribution of PGE2 EP1 receptor in hemin-induced neurotoxicity. Front Mol Neurosci 2013; 6:31. [PMID: 24109429 PMCID: PMC3791386 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hemin-mediated neurotoxicity has been linked to the production of free radicals and glutamate excitotoxicity, the role of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP1 receptor remains unclear. Activation of the EP1 receptor in neurons results in increased intracellular calcium levels; therefore, we hypothesize that the blockade of the EP1 receptor reduces hemin neurotoxicity. Using postnatal primary cortical neurons cultured from wild-type (WT) and EP1−/− mice, we investigated the EP1 receptor role in hemin neurotoxicity measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cell survival assay. Hemin (75 μM) induced greater release of LDH in WT (34.7 ± 4.5%) than in EP1−/− (27.6 ± 3.3%) neurons. In the presence of the EP1 receptor antagonist SC-51089, the hemin-induced release of LDH decreased. To further investigate potential mechanisms of action, we measured changes in the intracellular calcium level [Ca2+]i following treatment with 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (17-pt-PGE2) a selective EP1 agonist. In the WT neurons, 17-pt-PGE2 dose-dependently increased [Ca2+]i. However, in EP1−/− neurons, [Ca2+]i was significantly attenuated. We also revealed that hemin dose-dependently increased [Ca2+]i in WT neurons, with a significant decrease in EP1−/− neurons. Both 17-pt-PGE2 and hemin-induced [Ca2+]i were abolished by N-methyl-D-aspartic (NMDA) acid receptor and ryanodine receptor blockers. These results suggest that blockade of the EP1 receptor may be protective against hemin neurotoxicity in vitro. We speculate that the mechanism of hemin neuronal death involves [Ca2+]i mediated by NMDA acid receptor-mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx and EP1 receptor-mediated intracellular release from ryanodine receptor-operated Ca2+ stores. Therefore, blockade of the EP1 receptor could be used to minimize neuronal damage following exposure to supraphysiological levels of hemin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekher Mohan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Castor oil induces laxation and uterus contraction via ricinoleic acid activating prostaglandin EP3 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9179-84. [PMID: 22615395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201627109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Castor oil is one of the oldest drugs. When given orally, it has a laxative effect and induces labor in pregnant females. The effects of castor oil are mediated by ricinoleic acid, a hydroxylated fatty acid released from castor oil by intestinal lipases. Despite the wide-spread use of castor oil in conventional and folk medicine, the molecular mechanism by which ricinoleic acid acts remains unknown. Here we show that the EP(3) prostanoid receptor is specifically activated by ricinoleic acid and that it mediates the pharmacological effects of castor oil. In mice lacking EP(3) receptors, the laxative effect and the uterus contraction induced via ricinoleic acid are absent. Although a conditional deletion of the EP(3) receptor gene in intestinal epithelial cells did not affect castor oil-induced diarrhea, mice lacking EP(3) receptors only in smooth-muscle cells were unresponsive to this drug. Thus, the castor oil metabolite ricinoleic acid activates intestinal and uterine smooth-muscle cells via EP(3) prostanoid receptors. These findings identify the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effects of castor oil and indicate a role of the EP(3) receptor as a target to induce laxative effects.
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12
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Ruan YC, Zhou W, Chan HC. Regulation of smooth muscle contraction by the epithelium: role of prostaglandins. Physiology (Bethesda) 2011; 26:156-70. [PMID: 21670162 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As an analog to the endothelium situated next to the vascular smooth muscle, the epithelium is emerging as an important regulator of smooth muscle contraction in many vital organs/tissues by interacting with other cell types and releasing epithelium-derived factors, among which prostaglandins have been demonstrated to play a versatile role in governing smooth muscle contraction essential to the physiological and pathophysiological processes in a wide range of organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chun Ruan
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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13
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Fairbrother SE, Smith JE, Borman RA, Cox HM. Characterization of the EP receptor types that mediate longitudinal smooth muscle contraction of human colon, mouse colon and mouse ileum. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:782-e336. [PMID: 21605283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ) is an inflammatory mediator implicated in several gastrointestinal pathologies that affect normal intestinal transit. The aim was to establish the contribution of the four EP receptor types (EP(1-4) ), in human colon, that mediate PGE(2) -induced longitudinal smooth muscle contraction. METHODS Changes in isometric muscle tension of human colon, mouse colon and mouse ileum were measured in organ baths in response to receptor-specific agonists and antagonists. In addition, lidocaine was used to block neurogenic activity to investigate whether EP receptors were pre- or post-junctional. KEY RESULTS PGE(2) contracted longitudinal muscle from human and mouse colon and mouse ileum. These contractions were inhibited by the EP(1) receptor antagonist, EP(1) A in human colon, whereas a combination of EP(1) A and the EP(3) antagonist, L798106 inhibited agonist responses in both mouse preparations. The EP(3) agonist, sulprostone also increased muscle tension in both mouse tissues, and these responses were inhibited by lidocaine in the colon but not in the ileum. Although PGE(2) consistently contracted all three muscle preparations, butaprost decreased tension by activating smooth muscle EP(2) receptors in both colonic tissues. Alternatively, in mouse ileum, butaprost responses were lidocaine-sensitive, suggesting that it was activating prejunctional EP(2) receptors on inhibitory motor neurons. Conversely, EP(4) receptors were not functional in all the intestinal muscle preparations tested. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES PGE(2) -induced contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle is mediated by EP(1) receptors in human colon and by a combination of EP(1) and EP(3) receptors in mouse intestine, whereas EP(2) receptors modulate relaxation in all three preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Fairbrother
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK.
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14
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Woodward DF, Jones RL, Narumiya S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIII: classification of prostanoid receptors, updating 15 years of progress. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:471-538. [PMID: 21752876 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now more than 15 years since the molecular structures of the major prostanoid receptors were elucidated. Since then, substantial progress has been achieved with respect to distribution and function, signal transduction mechanisms, and the design of agonists and antagonists (http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=58). This review systematically details these advances. More recent developments in prostanoid receptor research are included. The DP(2) receptor, also termed CRTH2, has little structural resemblance to DP(1) and other receptors described in the original prostanoid receptor classification. DP(2) receptors are more closely related to chemoattractant receptors. Prostanoid receptors have also been found to heterodimerize with other prostanoid receptor subtypes and nonprostanoids. This may extend signal transduction pathways and create new ligand recognition sites: prostacyclin/thromboxane A(2) heterodimeric receptors for 8-epi-prostaglandin E(2), wild-type/alternative (alt4) heterodimers for the prostaglandin FP receptor for bimatoprost and the prostamides. It is anticipated that the 15 years of research progress described herein will lead to novel therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Woodward
- Dept. of Biological Sciences RD3-2B, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
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15
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Jones RL, Woodward DF. Interaction of prostanoid EP₃ and TP receptors in guinea-pig isolated aorta: contractile self-synergism of 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethyl PGE₂. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:521-31. [PMID: 20955363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Surprisingly high contractile activity was reported for 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E₂ (DX-DM PGE₂) on pig cerebral artery when used as a selective EP₃ receptor agonist. This study investigated the selectivity profile of DX-DM PGE₂, focusing on the interaction between its EP₃ and TP (thromboxane A₂-like) agonist activities. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Contraction of guinea-pig trachea (EP₁ system) and aorta (EP₃ and TP systems) was measured in conventional organ baths. KEY RESULTS Strong contraction of guinea-pig aorta to sulprostone and 17-phenyl PGE₂ (EP₃ agonists) was only seen under priming with a second contractile agent such as phenylephrine, histamine or U-46619 (TP agonist). In contrast, DX-DM PGE₂ induced strong contraction, which on the basis of treatment with (DG)-3ap (EP₃ antagonist) and/or BMS-180291 (TP antagonist) was attributed to self-synergism arising from co-activation of EP₃ and TP receptors. EP₃/TP self-synergism also accounted for contraction induced by PGF(2α) and its analogues (+)-cloprostenol and latanoprost-FA. DX-DM PGE₂ also showed significant EP₁ agonism on guinea-pig trachea as defined by the EP₁ antagonists SC-51322, (ONO)-5-methyl-1 and AH-6809, although AH-6809 exhibited poor specificity at concentrations ≥3 µM. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS EP₃/TP self-synergism, as seen with PGE/PGF analogues in this study, may confound EP₃ agonist potency comparisons and the characterization of prostanoid receptor systems. The competitive profile of a TP antagonist may be distorted by variation in the silent/overt contraction profile of the EP₃ system in different studies. The relevance of self-synergism to in vivo actions of natural prostanoid receptor agonists is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Jones
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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16
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Jones RL, Woodward DF, Wang JW, Clark RL. Roles of affinity and lipophilicity in the slow kinetics of prostanoid receptor antagonists on isolated smooth muscle preparations. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:863-79. [PMID: 20973775 PMCID: PMC3042197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The highly lipophilic acyl-sulphonamides L-798106 and L-826266 showed surprisingly slow antagonism of the prostanoid EP₃ receptor system in guinea-pig aorta. Roles of affinity and lipophilicity in the onset kinetics of these and other prostanoid ligands were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antagonist selectivity was assessed using a panel of human recombinant prostanoid receptor-fluorimetric imaging plate reader assays. Potencies/affinities and onset half-times of agonists and antagonists were obtained on guinea-pig-isolated aorta and vas deferens. n-Octanol-water partition coefficients were predicted. KEY RESULTS L-798106, L-826266 and the less lipophilic congener (DG)-3ap appear to behave as selective, competitive-reversible EP₃ antagonists. For ligands of low to moderate lipophilicity, potency increments for EP₃ and TP (thromboxane-like) agonism on guinea-pig aorta (above pEC₅₀ of 8.0) were associated with progressively longer onset half-times; similar trends were found for TP and histamine H₁ antagonism above a pA₂ limit of 8.0. In contrast, L-798106 (EP₃), L-826266 (EP₃, TP) and the lipophilic H₁ antagonists astemizole and terfenadine exhibited very slow onset rates despite their moderate affinities; (DG)-3ap (EP₃) had a faster onset. Agonism and antagonism on the vas deferens EP₃ system were overall much faster, although trends were similar. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS High affinity and high liphophilicity may contribute to the slow onsets of prostanoid ligands in some isolated smooth muscle preparations. Both relationships are explicable by tissue disposition under the limited diffusion model. EP₃ antagonists used as research tools should have moderate lipophilicity. The influence of lipophilicity on the potential clinical use of EP₃ antagonists is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Acrylamides/chemistry
- Acrylamides/metabolism
- Acrylamides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Naphthalenes/chemistry
- Naphthalenes/metabolism
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Neuromuscular Agents/chemistry
- Neuromuscular Agents/metabolism
- Neuromuscular Agents/pharmacology
- Receptors, Eicosanoid/agonists
- Receptors, Eicosanoid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Eicosanoid/genetics
- Receptors, Eicosanoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/agonists
- Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Jones
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Carter PR, McElhatten RM, Zhang S, Wright WS, Harris NR. Thromboxane-prostanoid receptor expression and antagonism in dextran-sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Inflamm Res 2010; 60:87-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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18
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Morrison K, Ernst R, Hess P, Studer R, Clozel M. Selexipag: A Selective Prostacyclin Receptor Agonist that Does Not Affect Rat Gastric Function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:249-55. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.169748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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19
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Noschka E, Moore JN, Peroni JF, Lewis TH, Lewis SJ, Robertson TP. Evaluation of the possible role of prostaglandin F2αin laminitis induced in horses by nasogastric administration of black walnut heartwood extract. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:186-93. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.2.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Kim JH, Choi SJ, Yeum CH, Yoon PJ, Choi S, Jun JY. Involvement of thromboxane a(2) in the modulation of pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of cajal of mouse intestine. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 12:25-30. [PMID: 20157390 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2008.12.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies show that thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) has the action of gastrointestinal (GI) motility using GI muscle cells and tissue, there are no reports on the effects of TXA(2) on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that function as pacemaker cells in GI tract. So, we studied the modulation of pacemaker activities by TXA(2) in ICC with whole cell patch-clamp technique. Externally applied TXA(2) (5microM) produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in voltage-clamp mode. The tonic inward currents by TXA(2) were inhibited by intracellular application of GDP-beta-S. The pretreatment of ICC with Ca(2+) free solution and thapsigargin, a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and suppressed the TXA(2)-induced tonic inward currents. However, chelerythrine or calphostin C, protein kinase C inhibitors, did not block the TXA(2)-induced effects on pacemaker currents. These results suggest that TXA(2) can regulate intestinal motility through the modulation of ICC pacemaker activities. This modulation of pacemaker activities by TXA(2) may occur by the activation of G protein and PKC independent pathway via extra and intracellular Ca(2+) modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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21
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Nagamachi M, Sakata D, Kabashima K, Furuyashiki T, Murata T, Segi-Nishida E, Soontrapa K, Matsuoka T, Miyachi Y, Narumiya S. Facilitation of Th1-mediated immune response by prostaglandin E receptor EP1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:2865-74. [PMID: 17967902 PMCID: PMC2118516 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts its actions via four subtypes of the PGE receptor, EP1–4. We show that mice deficient in EP1 exhibited significantly attenuated Th1 response in contact hypersensitivity induced by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). This phenotype was recapitulated in wild-type mice by administration of an EP1-selective antagonist during the sensitization phase, and by adoptive transfer of T cells from sensitized EP1−/− mice. Conversely, an EP1-selective agonist facilitated Th1 differentiation of naive T cells in vitro. Finally, CD11c+ cells containing the inducible form of PGE synthase increased in number in the draining lymph nodes after DNFB application. These results suggest that PGE2 produced by dendritic cells in the lymph nodes acts on EP1 in naive T cells to promote Th1 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Nagamachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Takeuchi T, Tanaka K, Nakajima H, Matsui M, Azuma YT. M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors are involved in enteric nerve-mediated contraction of the mouse ileum: Findings obtained with muscarinic-receptor knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G154-64. [PMID: 17008557 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00173.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of muscarinic receptors in neurogenic responses of the ileum was studied in wild-type and muscarinic-receptor (M-receptor) knockout (KO) mice. Electrical field stimulation to the wild-type mouse ileum induced a biphasic response, a phasic and sustained contraction that was abolished by tetrodotoxin. The sustained contraction was prolonged for an extended period after the termination of electrical field stimulation. The phasic contraction was completely inhibited by atropine. In contrast, the sustained contraction was enhanced by atropine. Ileal strips prepared from M2-receptor KO mice exhibited a phasic contraction similar to that seen in wild-type mice and a sustained contraction that was larger than that in wild-type mice. In M3-receptor KO mice, the phasic contraction was smaller than that observed in wild-type mice. Acetylcholine exogenously administrated induced concentration-dependent contractions in strips isolated from wild-type, M2- and M3-receptor KO mice. However, contractions in M3-receptor KO mice shifted to the right. The sustained contraction was inhibited by capsaicin and neurokinin NK2 receptor antagonist, suggesting that it is mediated by substance P (SP). SP-induced contraction of M2-receptor KO mice did not differ from that of wild-type mice. SP immunoreactivity was located in enteric neurons, colocalized with M2 receptor immunoreactivity. These results suggest that atropine-sensitive phasic contraction is mainly mediated via the M3 receptor, and SP-mediated sustained contraction is negatively regulated by the M2 receptor at a presynaptic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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23
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Dey I, Lejeune M, Chadee K. Prostaglandin E2 receptor distribution and function in the gastrointestinal tract. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:611-23. [PMID: 17016496 PMCID: PMC2014644 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the most important biologically active prostanoids found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the fact that PGE2 regulates many physiological functions of the gut including mucosal protection, gastrointestinal secretion and motility, it is implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal neoplasia. The varied biological functions exerted by PGE2 are through the pharmacologically distinct, G-protein coupled plasma membrane receptors termed EP receptors. Disruptions of various prostanoid receptor genes have helped in unravelling the physiological functions of these receptors. To date, all four subtypes of EP receptors have been individually knocked out in mice and various phenotypes have been reported for each subtype. Similarly, in vitro and in vivo studies using EP receptor agonists and antagonists have helped in uncoupling the diverse functions of PGE2 signalling involving distinct EP receptors in the gut. In this review, we will summarize and conceptualize the salient features of EP receptor subtypes, their regional functions in the gut and how expressions of EP receptors are altered during disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dey
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Lejeune
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Chadee
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Horie S, Tsurumaki Y, Someya A, Hirabayashi T, Saito T, Okuma Y, Nomura Y, Murayama T. Involvement of cyclooxygenase-dependent pathway in contraction of isolated ileum by urotensin II. Peptides 2005; 26:323-9. [PMID: 15629545 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that urotensin II induced biphasic (brief- and long-lasting) contractions and the brief contraction was mediated by acetylcholine release from ganglionic cholinergic neurons in a segment of guinea-pig ileum. In the present work, we studied the mechanism contributing to long-lasting contractions induced by urotensin II. Treatment with 0.1 microM tetrodotoxin, 300 nM omega-conotoxin GVIA (an inhibitor of N-type Ca2+ channels) and 10 microM indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases) markedly inhibited 100 nM urotensin II-induced long-lasting contractions. The addition of 1 microM prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) caused a limited brief contraction following long-lasting contraction, while 1 microM PGE2 induced marked biphasic contractions. Treatment with neurotoxins inhibited the long-lasting contractions induced by PGF2alpha and PGE2 without changing the PGE2-induced brief contractions. Treatment with 1 microM atropine markedly inhibited the urotensin II- and PGF2alpha-induced long-lasting contractions, but was less effective on the PGE2 responses. Treatment with a phospholipase A2 inhibitor decreased the urotensin II-induced contractions. These findings suggest that urotensin II induces, at least partially, long-lasting contractions via PG-sensitive cholinergic neurons and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunji Horie
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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25
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Norel X, de Montpreville V, Brink C. Vasoconstriction induced by activation of EP1 and EP3 receptors in human lung: effects of ONO-AE-248, ONO-DI-004, ONO-8711 or ONO-8713. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2004; 74:101-12. [PMID: 15560119 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2004.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and selectivity of ONO-AE-248, ONO-DI-004, ONO-8711 and ONO-8713 on EP1 and EP3 receptors in human pulmonary vessels. The prostanoid receptors involved in the vasoconstriction of human pulmonary arteries (HPA) are TP and EP3 whereas in pulmonary veins (HPV), this response is associated with TP and EP1. The experiments were performed in presence of BAY u3405 (TP antagonist). ONO-DI-004 (EP1 agonist) and ONO-AE-248 (EP3 agonist), exhibited little or no activity in HPV whereas contractions were induced in HPA with ONO-AE-248. In HPV, the contractions produced with sulprostone (EP1,3 agonist) were blocked in a non competitive manner by both EP1 antagonists (ONO-8711, 30 microM; ONO-8713, 10 microM). The involvement of EP1 mediated contraction in HPV was also observed during the vasorelaxations induced with PGE1 and 5-cis-carba-PGI2. In pre-contracted HPV treated with AH6809 (30 microM; EP1 antagonist) the PGE1 vasorelaxations were potentiated, while unchanged in HPA. These results demonstrate the selectivity of ONO-AE-248 for the EP3 receptor in HPA, ONO-DI-004 was ineffective on the EP1 receptor present in HPV while ONO-8713 was the more potent EP1 antagonist used in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Norel
- CNRS UMR7131, Hôpital Broussais, 102 rue Didot, 75014 Paris, France.
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26
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Yamada T, Fujino T, Yuhki KI, Hara A, Karibe H, Takahata O, Okada Y, Xiao CY, Takayama K, Kuriyama S, Taniguchi T, Shiokoshi T, Ohsaki Y, Kikuchi K, Narumiya S, Ushikubi F. Thromboxane A2 regulates vascular tone via its inhibitory effect on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Circulation 2003; 108:2381-6. [PMID: 14557367 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000093194.21109.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulatory failure in sepsis arises from vascular hyporesponsiveness, in which nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) plays a major role. Details of the cross talk between thromboxane (TX) A2 and the iNOS-NO system, however, remain unknown. We intended to clarify the role of TXA2, via the cross talk, in vascular hyporesponsiveness. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined cytokine-induced iNOS expression and NO production in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cytokine-induced hyporesponsiveness of the aorta from mice lacking the TXA2 receptor (TP-/- mice). The cytokine-induced iNOS expression and NO production observed in wild-type VSMCs were significantly augmented in TP-/- VSMCs, indicating an inhibitory effect of endogenous TXA2 on iNOS expression. Furthermore, in indomethacin-treated wild-type VSMCs, U-46619, a TP agonist, inhibited cytokine-induced iNOS expression and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner, effects absent from TP-/- VSMCs. In an ex vivo system, the cytokine-induced hyporesponsiveness of aortas to phenylephrine was significantly augmented in TP-/- aorta but was almost completely canceled by aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor. Accordingly, cytokine-induced NO production was significantly higher in TP-/- aorta than in wild-type aorta. Moreover, U-46619 significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in vivo only in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TXA2 has a protective role against the development of vascular hyporesponsiveness via its inhibitory action on the iNOS-NO system under pathological conditions such as sepsis.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/enzymology
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Endotoxemia/physiopathology
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Humans
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/deficiency
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/drug effects
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/genetics
- Thromboxane A2/agonists
- Thromboxane A2/pharmacology
- Thromboxane A2/physiology
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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27
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De Backer O, Leclere PG, Lefebvre RA. Pharmacological characterization of pre- and postsynaptic prostanoid receptors in pig gastric fundus. Neuropharmacology 2003; 45:684-90. [PMID: 12941381 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(03)00231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the subtype of prostanoid receptors on the cholinergic neurones and smooth muscle cells in circularly oriented muscle strips of the pig gastric fundus. Tissues were electrically stimulated (40 V, 4 Hz, 0.25 ms, 2 min) to induce tritium outflow after incubation with [3H]-choline. Indomethacin increased the electrically induced tritium outflow, suggesting an inhibitory effect of endogenous prostanoids. In the presence of indomethacin, PGE2 > PGF2alpha >PGI2 inhibited tritium release while the TP-receptor agonist U-46619 and PGD2 had no effect. The EP2-receptor agonist butaprost had no effect while the EP1- and EP3-receptor agonist sulprostone mimicked the effect of PGE2. The effect of sulprostone was not affected by AH 6809, that antagonizes EP1- and EP2-receptors, suggesting the presence of presynaptic EP3-receptors on the cholinergic nerve endings. All prostanoid receptor agonists, except butaprost, contracted the tissues concentration-dependently; the rank order of potency (U-46619 > sulprostone > PGE2 > PGF2alpha > PGD2 = PGI2) suggests the presence of TP- and EP1- and EP3-receptors on the circular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole De Backer
- Ghent University, Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Stengel PW, Cohen ML. M1 receptor-mediated nitric oxide-dependent relaxation unmasked in stomach fundus from M3 receptor knockout mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 304:675-82. [PMID: 12538821 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.042283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors can mediate both contractile and relaxant responses in smooth muscle. The stomach fundus from wild-type mice possesses a neuronal M(1) receptor that mediates relaxation to carbamylcholine and (4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)-1-trimethylammonium-3-chlorocarbanilate chloride (McN-A-343) but is masked by M(3) receptor-mediated contraction to both agonists. When the M(3) receptor was deleted, cholinergic-induced relaxation was unmasked. M(1) receptor antagonism with pirenzepine, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, and inhibition of neuronal activation with tetrodotoxin abolished relaxation to McN-A-343 in tissues from M(3) receptor knockout mice, supporting the neuronal localization of an M(1) receptor that activated NO release to effect relaxation. However, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin did not affect contraction or relaxation to carbamylcholine in stomach fundus from wild-type or M(3) receptor knockout mice, indicating that cyclooxygenase products played no role in these responses. The neuronal M(1) receptor modulated relaxation induced by carbamylcholine and McN-A-343 but not relaxation induced by electric field stimulation of the stomach fundus. These data support the presence of M(1) receptor-mediated relaxation in the stomach and suggest that when the M(3) receptor is eliminated or blocked, M(1) receptor-mediated gastric relaxation may be enhanced, possibly leading to alterations in gastric emptying and subsequent effects on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stengel
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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29
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Shahbazian A, Heinemann A, Peskar BA, Holzer P. Differential peristaltic motor effects of prostanoid (DP, EP, IP, TP) and leukotriene receptor agonists in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 137:1047-54. [PMID: 12429577 PMCID: PMC1573581 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Since the role of prostanoid receptors in intestinal peristalsis is largely unknown, the peristaltic motor effects of some prostaglandin (DP, EP, IP), thromboxane (TP) and leukotriene (LT) receptor agonists and antagonists were investigated. 2. Propulsive peristalsis in fluid-perfused segments from the guinea-pig small intestine was triggered by a rise of the intraluminal pressure and recorded via the intraluminal pressure changes associated with the peristaltic waves. Alterations of distension sensitivity were deduced from alterations of the peristaltic pressure threshold and modifications of peristaltic performance were reflected by modifications of the amplitude, maximal acceleration and residual baseline pressure of the peristaltic waves. 3. Four categories of peristaltic motor effects became apparent: a decrease in distension sensitivity and peristaltic performance as induced by the EP1/EP3 receptor agonist sulprostone and the TP receptor agonist U-46619 (1-1000 nM); a decrease in distension sensitivity without a major change in peristaltic performance as induced by PGD(2) (3-300 nM) and LTD(4) (10-100 nM); a decrease in peristaltic performance without a major change in distension sensitivity as induced by PGE(1), PGE(2) (1-1000 nM) and the EP1/IP receptor agonist iloprost (1-100 nM); and a decrease in peristaltic performance associated with an increase in distension sensitivity as induced by the EP2 receptor agonist butaprost (1-1000 nM). The DP receptor agonist BW-245 C (1-1000 nM) was without effect. 4. The peristaltic motor action of sulprostone remained unchanged by the EP1 receptor antagonist SC-51089 (1 micro M) and the DP/EP1/EP2 receptor antagonist AH-6809 (30 micro M), whereas that of U-46619 and LTD(4) was prevented by the TP receptor antagonist SQ-29548 (10 micro M) and the cysteinyl-leukotriene(1) (cysLT(1)) receptor antagonist tomelukast (10 micro M), respectively. 5. These observations and their pharmacological analysis indicate that activation of EP2, EP3, IP, TP and cysLT(1) receptors, but not DP receptors, modulate intestinal peristalsis in a receptor-selective manner, whereas activation of EP1 seems to be without influence on propulsive peristalsis. In a wider perspective it appears as if the effect of prostanoid receptor agonists to induce diarrhoea is due to their prosecretory but not peristaltic motor action.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Hydantoins/pharmacology
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Iloprost/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/physiology
- Leukotriene Antagonists
- Leukotriene D4/pharmacology
- Male
- Oxazepines/pharmacology
- Peristalsis/drug effects
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Prostaglandins A/pharmacology
- Receptors, Leukotriene/agonists
- Receptors, Leukotriene/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology
- Xanthenes/pharmacology
- Xanthones
- Yohimbine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaid Shahbazian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Zoology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard A Peskar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Author for correspondence:
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30
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Fujino T, Yuhki KI, Yamada T, Hara A, Takahata O, Okada Y, Xiao CY, Ma H, Karibe H, Iwashima Y, Fukuzawa J, Hasebe N, Kikuchi K, Narumiya S, Ushikubi F. Effects of the prostanoids on the proliferation or hypertrophy of cultured murine aortic smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 136:530-9. [PMID: 12055131 PMCID: PMC1573378 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the prostanoids on the growth of cultured aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were examined using mice lacking prostanoid receptors. Proliferation of VSMCs was assessed by measuring [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and the cell number, and their hypertrophy by [(14)C]-leucine incorporation and protein content. In VSMCs from wild-type mice, expressions of mRNAs for the EP(4) and TP were most abundant, followed by those for the IP, EP(3) and FP, when examined by competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR. Those for the EP(1), EP(2) and DP, however, could not be detected. AE1-329, an EP(4) agonist, and cicaprost, an IP agonist, inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation of VSMCs from wild-type mice; these inhibitory effects disappeared completely in VSMCs from EP(4)(-/-) and IP(-/-) mice, respectively. In accordance with these effects, AE1-329 and cicaprost stimulated cAMP production in VSMCs from wild-type mice, which were absent in VSMCs from EP(4)(-/-) and IP(-/-) mice, respectively. Effects of PGE(2) on cell proliferation and adenylate cyclase were almost similar with those of AE1-329 in VSMCs from wild-type mice, which disappeared in VSMCs from EP(4)(-/-) mice. PGD(2) inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation of VSMCs from both wild-type and DP(-/-) mice to a similar extent. This action of PGD(2) was also observed in VSMCs from EP4(-/-) and IP(-/-) mice. In VSMCs from wild-type mice, I-BOP, a TP agonist, showed potentiation of PDGF-induced hypertrophy. I-BOP failed to show this action in VSMCs from TP(-/-) mice. The specific agonists for the EP(1), EP(2) or EP(3), and PGF(2)alpha showed little effect on the growth of VSMCs. These results show that PGE(2), PGI(2) and TXA(2) modulate PDGF-induced proliferation or hypertrophy of VSMCs via the EP(4), IP and TP, respectively, and that the inhibitory effect of PGD(2) on PDGF-induced proliferation is not mediated by the DP, EP(4) or IP.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Count
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Hypertrophy
- Leucine/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin D2/physiology
- Prostaglandins/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/deficiency
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Thymidine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujino
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Koh-ichi Yuhki
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hara
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Okada
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Chun-Yang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hideji Karibe
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Fukuzawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kikuchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
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31
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Cao J, Shayibuzhati M, Tajima T, Kitazawa T, Taneike T. In vitro pharmacological characterization of the prostanoid receptor population in the non-pregnant porcine myometrium. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 442:115-23. [PMID: 12020689 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize prostanoid receptors present in the non-pregnant porcine uterus, the effects of naturally occurring prostaglandins (D2, E2, F2alpha, I2) and synthetic prostanoid receptor agonists on contractility of the longitudinal and circular muscles were examined in vitro. The potent contractile actions of prostaglandin F2alpha and cloprostenol indicate the presence of excitatory FP receptors in the porcine uterus. The longitudinal muscle was more sensitive to FP receptor agonists than was the circular muscle. Prostaglandin D2 produced an excitatory response in the longitudinal muscle but completely inhibited the spontaneous contraction of the circular muscle. BW-245C (5-(6-carboxyhexyl)-1-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl)hydantoin, 1 nM-10 microM, a DP receptor agonist) inhibited the spontaneous contractions of both muscles, but the inhibition was conspicuously stronger in the circular muscle. Prostaglandin I2 caused excitatory and inhibitory responses in the longitudinal and circular muscles, respectively, at relatively high concentrations (10-100 microM). Cicaprost, an IP receptor agonist caused inhibition of the contraction in the circular muscle but contracted the longitudinal muscle. Iloprost, an EP(1)/IP receptor agonist, caused excitatory responses in both muscles at relative high concentrations. Prostaglandin E2 caused excitatory responses at 1-100 nM and inhibitory responses at 100 nM-10 microM in both muscle layers. ONO-DI-004 ((17S)-2,5-ethano-6-oxo-17,20-dimethyl prostaglandin E1, an EP1 receptor agonist) and ONO-AE-248 ((16S)-9-deoxy-9beta-chloro-15-deoxy-16-hyfroxy-17,17-trimethylene-19,20-didehydro prostaglandin F2, an EP3 receptor agonist) contracted the longitudinal muscle but had little effect on the circular muscle. ONO-AE1-259 (11,15-O-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, an EP2 receptor agonist) inhibited the spontaneous contractions of both muscle layers to almost the same degree, but ONO-AE1-329 (16-(3-methoxymethyl)phenyl-omega-tetranor-3,7-dithia prostaglandin E1, an EP4 receptor agonist) did not inhibit the myometrial contraction. The present results indicate that contractile (FP, EP1, EP3) and relaxatory (DP, IP, EP2) prostanoid receptors are present in the non-pregnant porcine uterus. There are marked muscle layer-related differences in the degree of responsiveness of prostanoid receptor agonists, and these differences suggest that there is a heterogeneous distribution of prostanoid receptors in the longitudinal and circular muscles (FP, EP1 and EP3, longitudinal muscle>circular muscle; DP, circular muscle>longitudinal muscle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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32
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Kabashima K, Saji T, Murata T, Nagamachi M, Matsuoka T, Segi E, Tsuboi K, Sugimoto Y, Kobayashi T, Miyachi Y, Ichikawa A, Narumiya S. The prostaglandin receptor EP4 suppresses colitis, mucosal damage and CD4 cell activation in the gut. J Clin Invest 2002. [PMID: 11927615 DOI: 10.1172/jci0214459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used mice deficient in each of the eight types and subtypes of prostanoid receptors and examined the roles of prostanoids in dextran sodium sulfate-induced (DSS-induced) colitis. Among the prostanoid receptor-deficient mice, only EP4-deficient mice and not mice deficient in either DP, EP1, EP2, EP3, FP, IP, or TP developed severe colitis with 3% DSS treatment, which induced only marginal colitis in wild-type mice. This phenotype was mimicked in wild-type mice by administration of an EP4-selective antagonist (AE3-208). The EP4 deficiency impaired mucosal barrier function and induced epithelial loss, crypt damage, and aggregation of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the colon. Conversely, administration of an EP4-selective agonist (AE1-734) to wild-type mice ameliorated severe colitis normally induced with 7% DSS, while that of AE3-208 suppressed recovery from colitis and induced significant proliferation of CD4+ T cells. In vitro AE3-208 enhanced and AE1-734 suppressed the proliferation and Th1 cytokine production of lamina propria mononuclear cells from the colon. DNA microarray analysis revealed elevated expression of genes associated with immune response and reduced expression of genes with mucosal repair and remodeling in the colon of EP4-deficient mice. We conclude that EP4 maintains intestinal homeostasis by keeping mucosal integrity and downregulating immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Division
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/pathology
- Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects
- Dinoprostone/immunology
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Indomethacin/adverse effects
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/chemically induced
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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33
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Kabashima K, Saji T, Murata T, Nagamachi M, Matsuoka T, Segi E, Tsuboi K, Sugimoto Y, Kobayashi T, Miyachi Y, Ichikawa A, Narumiya S. The prostaglandin receptor EP4 suppresses colitis, mucosal damage and CD4 cell activation in the gut. J Clin Invest 2002; 109:883-93. [PMID: 11927615 PMCID: PMC150928 DOI: 10.1172/jci14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used mice deficient in each of the eight types and subtypes of prostanoid receptors and examined the roles of prostanoids in dextran sodium sulfate-induced (DSS-induced) colitis. Among the prostanoid receptor-deficient mice, only EP4-deficient mice and not mice deficient in either DP, EP1, EP2, EP3, FP, IP, or TP developed severe colitis with 3% DSS treatment, which induced only marginal colitis in wild-type mice. This phenotype was mimicked in wild-type mice by administration of an EP4-selective antagonist (AE3-208). The EP4 deficiency impaired mucosal barrier function and induced epithelial loss, crypt damage, and aggregation of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the colon. Conversely, administration of an EP4-selective agonist (AE1-734) to wild-type mice ameliorated severe colitis normally induced with 7% DSS, while that of AE3-208 suppressed recovery from colitis and induced significant proliferation of CD4+ T cells. In vitro AE3-208 enhanced and AE1-734 suppressed the proliferation and Th1 cytokine production of lamina propria mononuclear cells from the colon. DNA microarray analysis revealed elevated expression of genes associated with immune response and reduced expression of genes with mucosal repair and remodeling in the colon of EP4-deficient mice. We conclude that EP4 maintains intestinal homeostasis by keeping mucosal integrity and downregulating immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Division
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/pathology
- Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects
- Dinoprostone/immunology
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Indomethacin/adverse effects
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/chemically induced
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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34
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Xiao CY, Hara A, Yuhki K, Fujino T, Ma H, Okada Y, Takahata O, Yamada T, Murata T, Narumiya S, Ushikubi F. Roles of prostaglandin I(2) and thromboxane A(2) in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: a study using mice lacking their respective receptors. Circulation 2001; 104:2210-5. [PMID: 11684633 DOI: 10.1161/hc4301.098058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin (PG) I(2) and thromboxane (TX) A(2), the most common prostanoids in the cardiovascular system, are produced abundantly during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); their roles in I/R injury, however, remain undetermined. We intended to clarify these roles of PGI(2) and TXA(2) using mice lacking the PGI(2) receptor, IP(-/-) mice, or the TXA(2) receptor, TP(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 1 hour and then reperfused for 24 hours. The size of myocardial infarct in IP(-/-) mice was significantly larger than that in wild-type mice, although the size of the area at risk was similar between the 2 groups of mice. In contrast, there was no such difference between TP(-/-) and wild-type mice. To further determine whether PGI(2) and TXA(2) act directly on the cardiac tissue or indirectly through their action on blood constituents, we perfused excised heart according to the Langendorff technique. The isolated heart was then subjected to global ischemia followed by reperfusion. In IP(-/-) mice, developed tension and coronary flow rate during reperfusion were significantly lower and release of creatine kinase was significantly higher than those in wild-type mice. There were no such differences, however, between TP(-/-) and wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS PGI(2), which was produced endogenously during cardiac I/R, exerts a protective effect on cardiomyocytes independent of its effects on platelets and neutrophils. In contrast, TXA(2) has little role in the cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan
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35
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Kitagawa K, Hayasaka S, Watanabe K, Nagaki Y. Aqueous flare elevation induced by transcorneal application of highly selective agonists for prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in pigmented rabbits: effect of tetramethylpyrazine. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2001; 65:189-98. [PMID: 11444590 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(01)00137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the disruptive effect of highly selective agonists for prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4) on the blood-aqueous barrier, and evaluated the inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine, an active component of Ligusticum wallichii, on the elevation of aqueous flare induced by the EP agonists in pigmented rabbits. Highly selective EP agonists (ONO-DI-004, EP1 agonist; ONO-AE1-259-01, EP2 agonist; ONO-AE-248, EP3 agonist; ONO-AE1-329, EP4 agonist) at 12.5 to 250 microg/ml were transcorneally administered to the eyes of pigmented rabbits using a glass cylinder. Animals were pretreated intravenously with tetramethylpyrazine (10 or 30 mg/kg) 30 minutes before application of the EP2 or the EP4 agonist. Aqueous flare was measured using a laser flare-cell meter. Aqueous flare intensity was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) in arbitrary units. After administration of ONO-AE1-259-01 or ONO-AE1-329, aqueous flare increased and then gradually decreased. ONO-DI-004 and ONO-AE-248 had almost no effect on aqueous flare elevation. The AUC of eyes in rabbits pretreated with tetramethylpyrazine, 10 or 30 mg/kg i.v., was significantly smaller than that of eyes in rabbits treated with ONO-AEI-259-01 alone. The AUC of eyes in rabbits pretreated with tetramethylpyrazine, 10 or 30 mg/kg i.v., was not significantly smaller than that of eyes in rabbits treated with ONO-AEI-329 only. The results indicated that EP2 and EP4 agonists induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits, and that tetramethylpyrazine inhibited the aqueous flare elevation induced by the EP2 agonist but did not suppress the elevation induced by the EP4 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitagawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan
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Narumiya S, FitzGerald GA. Genetic and pharmacological analysis of prostanoid receptor function. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:25-30. [PMID: 11435452 PMCID: PMC209349 DOI: 10.1172/jci13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aspirin/therapeutic use
- Biological Transport
- Bone Resorption
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Drug Design
- Female
- Fever/etiology
- GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/metabolism
- Inflammation
- Ischemia/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Pain/etiology
- Placenta/blood supply
- Pregnancy
- Prostaglandin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Prostaglandins/agonists
- Prostaglandins/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/chemistry
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/classification
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/drug effects
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology
- Receptors, Thromboxane/chemistry
- Receptors, Thromboxane/classification
- Receptors, Thromboxane/drug effects
- Receptors, Thromboxane/genetics
- Receptors, Thromboxane/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Thromboxanes/metabolism
- Vasodilation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Narumiya S, FitzGerald GA. Genetic and pharmacological analysis of prostanoid receptor function. J Clin Invest 2001. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Narumiya S. [Introduction: cloned receptors and newly developed compounds]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2001; 117:243-7. [PMID: 11338372 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.117.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Takeuchi K, Kato S, Tanaka A. [Gastrointestinal cytoprotection by prostaglandin E and EP receptor subtypes]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2001; 117:274-82. [PMID: 11338377 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.117.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) play important roles in modulating the mucosal integrity and various functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Among them, E-type PGs are most effective in these actions. This article reviews recent studies dealing with the relationship of the cytoprotective action of PGE2- and EP-receptor subtypes in the gastrointestinal mucosa. PGE2 exerts gastric cytoprotection against HCl/ethanol and indomethacin. These effects were mimicked by only EP1 agonists and attenuated by EP1 antagonists. Likewise, the adaptive cytoprotection induced by a mild irritant was attenuated by EP1 antagonists as well as indomethacin. On the other hand, the protective effect of dmPGE2 against indomethacin-induced small intestinal lesions was mimicked by only EP3 and EP4 agonists. Similar results were obtained in EP-receptor knockout mice; i.e., PGE2 failed to exhibit both direct and adaptive cytoprotection in EP1-receptor knockout mice, while the protective action in both the duodenum and small intestine was hampered in EP3-receptor knockout mice. The underlying mechanism related to these actions of PGE2 in the stomach, duodenum or small intestine may be related to inhibition of stomach contraction, stimulation of duodenal alkaline secretion, or suppression of bacterial translocation due to inhibition of intestinal contraction as well as stimulation of mucus secretion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takeuchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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