1
|
Yuan J, Zhang J, Zhao B, Liu F, Liu T, Duan Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Zou Y, Zhang L, Guo Y, Yang W, Yang Y, Wei J, Zhu X, Zhang Y. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the immune microenvironment in pediatric acute leukemia. Cancer Lett 2024; 596:217018. [PMID: 38844062 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Relapse and treatment resistance pose significant challenges in the management of pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The efficacy of immunotherapy in leukemia remains limited due to factors such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and lack of suitable immunotherapeutic targets. Thus, an in-depth characterization of the TME in pediatric leukemia is warranted to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the TME of pediatric B-ALL and AML, focusing specifically on bone-marrow-derived T cells. Moreover, we investigated the transcriptome changes during the initiation, remission, and relapse stages of pediatric AML. Our findings revealed that specific functional expression programs correlated with fluctuations in various T cell subsets, which may be associated with AML progression and relapse. Furthermore, our analysis of cellular communication networks led to the identification of VISTA, CD244, and TIM3 as potential immunotherapeutic targets in pediatric AML. Finally, we detected elevated proportions of γδ T cells and associated functional genes in samples from pediatric patients diagnosed with B-ALL and AML, which could inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches, potentially focusing on γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingliao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kirkham MN, Cooper C, Broberg E, Robertson P, Clarke D, Pickett BE, Bikman B, Reynolds PR, Arroyo JA. Different Lengths of Gestational Exposure to Secondhand Smoke or e-Cigarette Vapor Induce the Development of Placental Disease Symptoms. Cells 2024; 13:1009. [PMID: 38920640 PMCID: PMC11201565 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke is known to induce disease during pregnancy. Recent evidence showed that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) negatively impacts fetal and placental weights, leading to the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Electronic cigarettes (eCigs) represent a phenomenon that has recently emerged, and their use is also steadily rising. Even so, the effects of SHS or eCigs during gestation remain limited. In the present study, we wanted to characterize the effects of SHS or eCig exposure at two different important gestational points during mouse pregnancy. C57/Bl6 mice were exposed to SHS or eCigs via a nose-only delivery system for 4 days (from 14.5 to 17.5 gestational days (dGA) or for 6 days (from 12.5 dGA to 17.5 dGA)). At the time of necropsy (18.5 dGA), placental and fetal weights were recorded, maternal blood pressure was determined, and a dipstick test to measure proteinuria was performed. Placental tissues were collected, and inflammatory molecules in the placenta were identified. Treatment with SHS showed the following: (1) a significant decrease in placental and fetal weights following four days of exposure, (2) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure following six days of exposure, and (3) increased proteinuria after six days of exposure. Treatment with eCigs showed the following: (1) a significant decrease in placental weight and fetal weight following four or six days of exposure, (2) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure following six days of exposure, and (3) increased proteinuria after six days of exposure. We also observed different inflammatory markers associated with the development of IUGR or PE. We conclude that the detrimental effects of SHS or eCig treatment coincide with the length of maternal exposure. These results could be beneficial in understanding the long-term effects of SHS or eCig exposure in the development of placental diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison N. Kirkham
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| | - Christian Cooper
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| | - Emily Broberg
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| | - Peter Robertson
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| | - Derek Clarke
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Benjamin Bikman
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA (E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su CC, Yu CC, Shih YW, Liu KL, Chen HW, Wu CC, Yang YC, Yeh EL, Li CC. Protective Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis and Apoptotic Cell Death. Nutrients 2023; 15:4992. [PMID: 38068849 PMCID: PMC10708481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer ranks sixth among Taiwan's top 10 cancers and most patients with poor prognosis acquire metastases. The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been found to diminish many cancer properties. However, the anti-cancer activity of ALA in oral cancer has yet to be determined. We examined the mechanisms underlying ALA inhibition of metastasis and induction of apoptotic cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Migration and invasion assays confirmed the cancer cells' EMT capabilities, whereas flow cytometry and Western blotting identified molecular pathways in OSCC. ALA dramatically reduced cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner according to the findings. Low concentrations of ALA (100 or 200 μM) inhibit colony formation, the expression of Twist and EMT-related proteins, the expression of MMP2/-9 proteins, and enzyme activity, as well as cell migration and invasion. Treatment with high concentrations of ALA (200 or 400 μM) greatly increases JNK phosphorylation and c-jun nuclear accumulation and then upregulates the FasL/caspase8/caspase3 and Bid/cytochrome c/caspase9/caspase3 pathways, leading to cell death. Low concentrations of ALA inhibit SAS and GNM cell migration and invasion by suppressing Twist and downregulating EMT-related proteins or by decreasing the protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2/-9, whereas high concentrations of ALA promote apoptosis by activating the JNK/FasL/caspase 8/caspase 3-extrinsic pathway and the Bid/cytochrome c/caspase 9 pathway. ALA demonstrates potential as a treatment for OSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Shih
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40678, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - En-Ling Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim HK, Kim SY, Kwak JH, Kim HJ. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and FAS rs6586161 Polymorphism in Relation to Gastric Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Korea. Nutrients 2023; 15:3238. [PMID: 37513656 PMCID: PMC10383319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many dietary and genetic factors have been confirmed to be associated with gastric cancer risk. This research investigated gastric cancer risk with regard to the glycemic index, glycemic load, and FAS rs6586161 polymorphism. A total of 232 matched pairs were included in this case-control study. Data collection was conducted at two hospitals in Korea from 2002 to 2006. Dietary information was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire, and genotypes of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism were TT, TA, and AA type. Gastric cancer risk was increased for the highest tertile of glycemic index (vs. lowest tertile, OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07-3.18), the highest tertile of glycemic load (vs. lowest tertile, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.23-3.75), and the AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism (vs. TT types, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.13-3.39). Furthermore, gastric cancer risk was significantly elevated for the participants with the highest glycemic load and AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism (vs. the lowest glycemic load and TT type, OR = 5.53, 95% CI = 2.01-15.21). Both the high glycemic load and AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism increased gastric cancer risk; however, the interactions between these two elevated the risk of gastric cancer even more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abd El-Hafeez AA, Marzouk HMM, Abdelhamid MAA, Khalifa HO, Hasanin THA, Habib AGK, Abdelwahed FM, Barakat FM, Bastawy EM, Abdelghani EMB, Hosoi T, Ozawa K, Aref AM, Fujimura T, Ibrahim ARN, Abdelmoniem ASO, Elghazawy H, Ghosh P, Kawamoto S, Pack SP. Anti-cancer Effect of Hyoscyamus muticus Extract via Its Activation of Fas/FasL-ASK1-p38 Pathway. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Liu B, Li G, Yang J, Li X, Wang H, Yang J, Wen H, He F. The mechanism of immune related signal pathway Egr2-FasL-Fas in transcription regulation and methylated modification of Paralichthys olivaceus under acute hypoxia stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:152-163. [PMID: 35219829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis genes Egr2, Fas and FasL are related to immune responses. However, the mechanism of these genes inducing apoptosis in fish are still not very clear. An acute hypoxia treatment (1.73 ± 0.06 mg/L) for 24 h was carried out on Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The increasingly dense apoptotic signals at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h by TUNEL in skeletal muscle indicated that hypoxia could quickly affect muscle growth and development. Furthermore, we concluded that the Egr2-FasL-Fas signal pathway, which was located at the upstream of apoptotic executor protein caspases, was related to the apoptosis by quantitative real-time PCR, protein concentration detection in ELISA and double gene in situ hybridization methods. The mechanism of the pathway was researched in transcription regulation and epigenetic modification by dual-luciferase reporter assay and bisulfite modified method, respectively. Egr2, as a transcription factor, could up-regulate the expression of FasL gene. And its binding site was mainly between -479 to -1 of FasL gene promoter. The 5th CpG dinucleotides (-514) methylation levels in FasL gene were significantly affected by hypoxia, and they were negatively correlated with its expressions. These suggested that the -514 site may be a very important site to regulate the FasL gene expression. Above results, we concluded that hypoxia activated the immune related signal pathway Egr2-FasL-Fas to induced skeletal muscle apoptosis to affect growth and development of Japanese flounder. The study revealed the mechanism of hypoxia induced apoptosis, which could provide a reference for fish immunity and aquaculture management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. The Immunogenetics of Vitiligo: An Approach Toward Revealing the Secret of Depigmentation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:61-103. [PMID: 35286692 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disease and considered to be of autoimmune origin due to breaching of immunological self-tolerance, resulting in inappropriate immune responses against melanocytes. The development of vitiligo includes a strong heritable component. Different strategies ranging from linkage studies to genome-wide association studies are used to explore the genetic factors responsible for the disease. Several vitiligo loci containing the respective genes have been identified which contribute to vitiligo and genetic variants for some of the genes are still unknown. These genes include mainly the proteins that play a role in immune regulation and a few other genes important for apoptosis and regulation of melanocyte functions. Despite the available data on genetic variants and risk alleles which influence the biological processes, only few immunological pathways have been found responsible for all ranges of severity and clinical manifestations of vitiligo. However, studies have concluded that vitiligo is of autoimmune origin and manifests due to complex interactions in immune components and their inappropriate response toward melanocytes. The genes involved in the immune regulation and processing the melanocytes antigen and its presentation can serve as effective immune-therapeutics that can target specific immunological pathways involved in vitiligo. This chapter highlights those immune-regulatory genes involved in vitiligo susceptibility and loci identified to date and their implications in vitiligo pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, 394350, Gujarat, India.
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- In Vitro Specialty Lab Pvt. Ltd, 205-210, Golden Triangle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mustafa N, Mitxelena J, Infante A, Zenarruzabeitia O, Eriz A, Iglesias-Ara A, Zubiaga AM. E2f2 Attenuates Apoptosis of Activated T Lymphocytes and Protects from Immune-Mediated Injury through Repression of Fas and FasL. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010311. [PMID: 35008734 PMCID: PMC8745065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted disruption of E2f2 in mice causes T-cell hyperactivation and a disproportionate cell cycle entry upon stimulation. However, E2f2−/− mice do not develop a lymphoproliferative condition. We report that E2f2 plays a Fas-dependent anti-apoptotic function in vitro and in vivo. TCR-stimulated murine E2f2−/− T cells overexpress the proapoptotic genes Fas and FasL and exhibit enhanced apoptosis, which is prevented by treatment with neutralizing anti-FasL antibodies. p53 pathway is activated in TCR-stimulated E2f2−/− lymphocytes, but targeted disruption of p53 in E2f2−/− mice does not abrogate Fas/FasL expression or apoptosis, implying a p53-independent apoptotic mechanism. We show that E2f2 is recruited to Fas and FasL gene promoters to repress their expression. in vivo, E2f2−/− mice are prone to develop immune-mediated liver injury owing to an aberrant lymphoid Fas/FasL activation. Taken together, our results suggest that E2f2-dependent inhibition of Fas/FasL pathway may play a direct role in limiting the development of immune-mediated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Mustafa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Jone Mitxelena
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Ainhoa Eriz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Ainhoa Iglesias-Ara
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.-A.); (A.M.Z.); Tel.: +34-94-601-5799 (A.I.-A.); +34-94-601-2603 (A.M.Z.); Fax: +34-94-601-3143 (A.M.Z.)
| | - Ana M. Zubiaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (N.M.); (J.M.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.-A.); (A.M.Z.); Tel.: +34-94-601-5799 (A.I.-A.); +34-94-601-2603 (A.M.Z.); Fax: +34-94-601-3143 (A.M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gil HS, Lee JH, Farag AK, Hassan AHE, Chung KS, Choi JH, Roh EJ, Lee KT. AKF-D52, a Synthetic Phenoxypyrimidine-Urea Derivative, Triggers Extrinsic/Intrinsic Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225849. [PMID: 34831003 PMCID: PMC8616202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We previously reported the antiproliferative effects of a phenoxypyridine urea derivative. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of 1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-((4-morpholinophenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)urea (AKF-D52) in non-small cell lung cancer cells. We found that (i) AKF-D52 induces apoptosis in caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways; (ii) AKF-D52-induced apoptosis is caused by the clustering of a death-inducing signaling complex and mitochondrial-dependent signaling; (iii) AKF-D52 induces cytoprotective autophagy, and pre-treatment with an autophagy inhibitor enhances the apoptotic effect of AKF-D52; and (iv) AKF-D52-induced apoptosis and autophagy are attenuated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger α-tocopherol. Furthermore, AKF-D52 suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our findings regarding the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of AKF-D52 identify this compound as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer. Abstract Previously, we discovered that 1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-((4-morpholinophenyl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)urea (AKF-D52), a synthetic phenoxypyrimidine urea derivative, acts as a growth inhibitor of various cancer cell types. In this study, we elucidated the antiproliferative properties of AFK-D52 and underlying mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and an A549 xenograft animal model. AKF-D52 was found to induce both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the mitochondrial component of the AKF-D52-induced apoptosis mechanism involves a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and regulation in B cell lymphoma-2 family protein expression. Moreover, AKF-D52 activates the extrinsic pathway through up-regulated expression of death receptor 3 and Fas and then the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex. AKF-D52 also induced autophagy by increasing acidic vesicular organelle formation and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II levels and reducing p62 levels. Notably, pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors enhanced AKF-D52-induced cell death, indicating that the induced autophagy is cytoprotective. AKF-D52 treatment also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in NSCLC cells, whereas the antioxidant α-tocopherol abolished AKF-D52-induced cell death. In a xenograft lung cancer mouse model, AKF-D52 administration attenuated tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in tumor tissues. Collectively, our data indicate that AKF-D52-induced ROS production plays a role in mediating apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sun Gil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ahmed K. Farag
- Manufacturing Department, Curachem, Inc., Cheongju-si 28161, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Ahmed H. E. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Roh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.G.); (J.-H.L.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-9610860; Fax: +82-2-9619580
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu S, Lan J, Li L, Wang X, Tong M, Fu L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Chen X, Chen H, Li R, Wu Y, Xin J, Yan X, Li H, Xue K, Li X, Zhuo C, Jiang W. Sirt6 protects cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting P53/Fas-dependent cell death and augmenting endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:237-258. [PMID: 34713381 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirt6, a class III NAD+-dependent deacetylase of the sirtuin family, is a highly specific H3 deacetylase and plays important roles in regulating cellular growth and death. The induction of oxidative stress and death is the critical mechanism involved in cardiomyocyte injury and cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but the regulatory role of Sirt6 in the fate of DOX-impaired cardiomyocytes is poorly understood. In the present study, we exposed Sirt6 heterozygous (Sirt6+/-) mice and their littermates as well as cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to DOX, then investigated the role of Sirt6 in mitigating oxidative stress and cardiac injury in the DOX-treated myocardium. Sirt6 partial knockout or silencing worsened cardiac damage, remodeling, and oxidative stress injury in mice or cultured cardiomyocytes with DOX challenge. Cardiomyocytes infected with adenoviral constructs encoding Sirt6 showed reversal of this DOX-induced damage. Intriguingly, Sirt6 reduced oxidative stress injury by upregulating endogenous antioxidant levels, interacted with oxidative stress-stirred p53, and acted as a co-repressor of p53 in nuclei. Sirt6 was recruited by p53 to the promoter regions of the target genes Fas and FasL and further suppressed p53 transcription activity by reducing histone acetylation. Sirt6 inhibited Fas/FasL signaling and attenuated both Fas-FADD-caspase-8 apoptotic and Fas-RIP3 necrotic pathways. These results indicate that Sirt6 protects the heart against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by upregulating endogenous antioxidants, as well as suppressing oxidative stress and cell death signaling pathways dependent on ROS-stirred p53 transcriptional activation, thus reducing Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis and necrosis. •Sirt6 is significantly decreased in DOX-insulted mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes. •Sirt6 attenuates DOX-induced cardiac atrophy, dysfunction and oxidative stress. • Sirt6 reduces oxidative stress injury by upregulating endogenous antioxidants. • Sirt6 interacts with p53 as a co-repressor to suppress p53 transcriptional regulation and inhibits Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis and necrosis downstream of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mingming Tong
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruli Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Xin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyue Xue
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caili Zhuo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Capitani N, Patrussi L, Baldari CT. Nature vs. Nurture: The Two Opposing Behaviors of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011221. [PMID: 34681881 PMCID: PMC8540886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to Janus, the two-faced god of Roman mythology, the tumor microenvironment operates two opposing and often conflicting activities, on the one hand fighting against tumor cells, while on the other hand, favoring their proliferation, survival and migration to other sites to establish metastases. In the tumor microenvironment, cytotoxic T cells-the specialized tumor-cell killers-also show this dual nature, operating their tumor-cell directed killing activities until they become exhausted and dysfunctional, a process promoted by cancer cells themselves. Here, we discuss the opposing activities of immune cells populating the tumor microenvironment in both cancer progression and anti-cancer responses, with a focus on cytotoxic T cells and on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the efficient suppression of their killing activities as a paradigm of the power of cancer cells to shape the microenvironment for their own survival and expansion.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren Y, Wang A, Fang Y, Shu T, Wu D, Wang C, Huang M, Min J, Jin L, Zhou W, Qiu Y, Zhou X. SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Glycoprotein M Triggers Apoptosis With the Assistance of Nucleocapsid Protein N in Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:706252. [PMID: 34513728 PMCID: PMC8425412 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.706252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global disaster. However, we still don’t know how specific SARS-CoV-2-encoded proteins contribute to viral pathogenicity. We found that SARS-CoV-2-encoded membrane glycoprotein M could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via interacting with PDK1 and inhibiting the activation of PDK1-PKB/Akt signaling. Our investigation further revealed that SARS-CoV-2-encoded nucleocapsid protein N could specifically enhance the M-induced apoptosis via interacting with both M and PDK1, therefore strengthening M-mediated attenuation of PDK1-PKB/Akt interaction. Furthermore, when the M-N interaction was disrupted via certain rationally designed peptides, the PDK1-PKB/Akt signaling was restored, and the boosting activity of N on the M-triggered apoptosis was abolished. Overall, our findings uncovered a novel mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2-encoded M triggers apoptosis with the assistance of N, which expands our understanding of the two key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and sheds light on the pathogenicity of this life-threatening virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ren
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China.,Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China.,Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China.,Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Muhan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China.,Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China.,Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China.,Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology & Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoo I, Kye YC, Han J, Kim M, Lee S, Jung W, Hong M, Park TS, Yun CH, Ka H. Uterine epithelial expression of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily: a strategy for immune privilege during pregnancy in a true epitheliochorial placentation species. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:828-842. [PMID: 31901087 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal immune system tolerates semi-allogeneic placental tissues during pregnancy. Fas ligand (FASLG) and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 10 (TNFSF10) are known to be components of maternal immune tolerance in humans and mice. However, the role of FASLG and TNFSF10 in the tolerance process has not been studied in pigs, which form a true epitheliochorial type placenta. Thus, the present study examined the expression and function of FASLG and TNFSF10 and their receptors at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. The endometrium and conceptus tissues expressed FASLG and TNFSF10 and their receptor mRNAs during pregnancy in a stage-specific manner. During pregnancy, FASLG and TNFSF10 proteins were localized predominantly to endometrial luminal epithelial cells with strong signals on Day 30 to term and on Day 15, respectively, and receptors for TNFSF10 were localized to some stromal cells. Interferon-γ (IFNG) increased the expression of TNFSF10 and FAS in endometrial tissues. Co-culture of porcine endometrial epithelial cells over-expressing TNFSF10 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells yielded increased apoptotic cell death of lymphocytes and myeloid cells. In addition, many apoptotic T cells were found in the endometrium on Day 15 of pregnancy. The present study demonstrated that FASLG and TNFSF10 were expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface and conceptus-derived IFNG increased endometrial epithelial TNFSF10, which, in turn, induced apoptotic cell death of immune cells. These results suggest that endometrial epithelial FASLG and TNFSF10 may be critical for the formation of micro-environmental immune privilege at the maternal-conceptus interface for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493
| | - Yoon Chul Kye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826
| | - Jisoo Han
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493
| | - Wonchul Jung
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493
| | - Minsun Hong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Banchereau R, Chitre AS, Scherl A, Wu TD, Patil NS, de Almeida P, Kadel Iii EE, Madireddi S, Au-Yeung A, Takahashi C, Chen YJ, Modrusan Z, McBride J, Nersesian R, El-Gabry EA, Robida MD, Hung JC, Kowanetz M, Zou W, McCleland M, Caplazi P, Eshgi ST, Koeppen H, Hegde PS, Mellman I, Mathews WR, Powles T, Mariathasan S, Grogan J, O'Gorman WE. Intratumoral CD103+ CD8+ T cells predict response to PD-L1 blockade. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002231. [PMID: 33827905 PMCID: PMC8032254 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, marked by CD103 (ITGAE) expression, are thought to actively suppress cancer progression, leading to the hypothesis that their presence in tumors may predict response to immunotherapy. METHODS Here, we test this by combining high-dimensional single-cell modalities with bulk tumor transcriptomics from 1868 patients enrolled in lung and bladder cancer clinical trials of atezolizumab (anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)). RESULTS ITGAE was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in inflamed tumors. Tumor CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells exhibited a complex phenotype defined by the expression of checkpoint regulators, cytotoxic proteins, and increased clonal expansion. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses indeed demonstrate that the presence of CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells, quantified by tracking intratumoral CD103 expression, can predict treatment outcome, suggesting that patients who respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are those who exhibit an ongoing antitumor T-cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Banchereau
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Avantika S Chitre
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas D Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Namrata S Patil
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patricia de Almeida
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp South San Francisco, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward E Kadel Iii
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shravan Madireddi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amelia Au-Yeung
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chikara Takahashi
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying-Jiun Chen
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Analytical Biosciences Limited, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline McBride
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rhea Nersesian
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey C Hung
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcin Kowanetz
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Bolt Biotherapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark McCleland
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shadi Toghi Eshgi
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ira Mellman
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - W Rodney Mathews
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Center, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Sanjeev Mariathasan
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jane Grogan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William E O'Gorman
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lundy SK, Taitano SH, van der Vlugt LEPM. Characterization and Activation of Fas Ligand-Producing Mouse B Cells and Their Killer Exosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2270:149-178. [PMID: 33479898 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1237-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes make several contributions to immune regulation including production of antibodies with regulatory properties, release of immune suppressive cytokines, and expression of death-inducing ligands. A role for Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing "killer" B cells in regulating T helper (TH) cell survival and chronic inflammation has been demonstrated in animal models of schistosome worm and other infections, asthma, autoimmune arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. FasL+ B cells were also capable of inducing immune tolerance in a male-to-female transplantation model. Interestingly, populations of B cells found in the spleen and lungs of naïve mice constitutively expresses FasL and have potent killer function against TH cells that is antigen-specific and FasL-dependent. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cells constitutively express FasL and package it into exosomes that co-express MHC Class II molecules and have killer function against antigen-specific TH cells. FasL+ exosomes with markers of B-cell lineage are abundant in the spleen of naïve mice. Killer B cells therefore represent a novel target for immune modulation in many disease settings. Our laboratory has published methods of characterizing FasL+ B cells and inducing their proliferation in vitro. This updated chapter will describe methods of identifying and expanding killer B cells from mice, detecting FasL expression in B cells, extracting FasL+ exosomes from spleen and culture supernatants, and performing functional killing assays against antigen-specific TH cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Lundy
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Program in Biomedical Sciences and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sophina H Taitano
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Program in Biomedical Sciences and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luciën E P M van der Vlugt
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghare SS, Chilton PM, Rao AV, Joshi-Barve S, Peyrani P, Reyes Vega A, McClain CJ, Bryant K, Cook RL, Freiberg M, Barve S. Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying HIV-Infection Induced Susceptibility of CD4+ T Cells to Enhanced Activation-Induced FasL Expression and Cell Death. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:128-137. [PMID: 33093334 PMCID: PMC8384352 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic immune activation and CD4 T cell depletion are significant pathogenic features of HIV infection. Expression of Fas ligand (FasL), a key mediator of activation-induced cell death in T cells, is elevated in people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH). However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the enhanced induction of FasL expression in CD4 T lymphocytes in PLWH are not completely elucidated. Hence, the current work examined the effect of HIV infection on FasL promoter-associated histone modifications and transcriptional regulation in CD4 T lymphocytes in PLWH. METHOD Flow cytometric analysis was performed to examine the Fas-FasL expression on total CD4 T cells and naïve/memory CD4 T cell subsets. Epigenetic FasL promoter histone modifications were investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis using freshly isolated total CD4 T lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected and noninfected individuals. RESULTS All naïve/memory CD4 T cell subsets from PLWH showed markedly greater frequency of FasL expression. Notably, examination of functional outcome of FasL/Fas co-expression demonstrated the preferential susceptibility of Tcm and Tem subsets to activation-induced apoptosis. Importantly, these CD4 T cells collectively demonstrated a distinct FasL promoter histone profile involving a coordinated cross-talk between histone H3 modifications leading to enhanced FasL gene expression. Specifically, levels of transcriptionally permissive histone H3K4-trimethylation (H3K4Me3) and histone H3K9-acetylation (H3K9Ac) were increased, with a concomitant decrease in the repressive H3K9-trimethylation (H3K9Me3). CONCLUSION The present work demonstrates that epigenetic mechanisms involving promoter-histone modifications regulate transcriptional competence and FasL expression in CD4 T cells from PLWH and render them susceptible to activation-induced cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita S. Ghare
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center (ULARC), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Paula M. Chilton
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center (ULARC), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Aakarsha V. Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Swati Joshi-Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center (ULARC), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Paula Peyrani
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center (ULARC), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Andrea Reyes Vega
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center (ULARC), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center (ULARC), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kendall Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert L. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mathew Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center (ULARC), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transcriptomic analysis of interferon-γ-regulated genes in endometrial explants and their possible role in regulating maternal endometrial immunity during the implantation period in pigs, a true epitheliochorial placentation species. Theriogenology 2020; 155:114-124. [PMID: 32659448 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The implantation process requires precisely controlled interactions between the maternal uterine endometrium and the implanting conceptus. Conceptus-derived secretions affect endometrial cells to facilitate the adhesion and attachment of trophoblasts, and endometrial secretions support the growth and development of the conceptus. In pigs, the conceptus secretes a large amount of type II interferon, interferon-γ (IFNG), during the implantation period. However, the role of IFNG in the implantation process has not been fully understood in pigs. Thus, to determine the role of IFNG in the endometrium during early pregnancy in pigs, we treated endometrial explant tissues with increasing doses of IFNG and analyzed the transcriptome regulated by IFNG using an RNA-sequencing analysis. Data analyses identified 276 differentially regulated genes, their Gene Ontology terms, and 94 signature genes in a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of IFNG-regulated genes, including CIITA, KYNU, IDO1, WARS, and MHC class II molecules, in the endometrium throughout pregnancy and found that levels of those genes in the endometrium were highest on Day 15 of pregnancy, corresponding to the time of peak IFNG secretion by porcine conceptuses. In addition, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that CIITA, KYNU, and IDO proteins were expressed in a cell type- and pregnancy status-specific manner in the endometrium. These results show that genes overrepresented in endometrial tissues in response to IFNG were mainly related to immune responses, suggesting that conceptus-derived IFNG could play critical roles in regulating the maternal immune response for the establishment of pregnancy in pigs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Di Meo F, Filosa S, Madonna M, Giello G, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Baldi A, Crispi S. Curcumin C3 complex®/Bioperine® has antineoplastic activity in mesothelioma: an in vitro and in vivo analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:360. [PMID: 31419989 PMCID: PMC6698046 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major limitation in the treatment for malignant mesothelioma is related to serious side effects caused by chemotherapeutics and to the development of cancer-resistance. Advances in cancer therapies have been reached thanks to the introduction of alternative approaches, such as the use of phytochemicals. Curcumin-C3complex®/Bioperine® is a commercially standardized extract containing a ratio-defined mixture of three curcuminoids and piperine that greatly increase its bioavailability. Interestingly, the anticancer effect of this formulation has been described in different studies and several clinical trials have been started, but to our knowledge none refers to human mesothelioma. METHODS Curcumin-C3complex®/Bioperine® anticancer effect was evaluated in vitro in different human mesothelioma cell lines analysing cell proliferation, colony-forming assay, wound healing assays, invasion assay and FACS analysis. In vivo anticancer properties were analysed in a mesothelioma xenograft mouse model in CD1 Nude mice. RESULTS Curcumin-C3complex®/Bioperine® in vitro induced growth inhibition in all mesothelioma cell lines analysed in a dose- and time-depended manner and reduced self-renewal cell migration and cell invasive ability. Cell death was due to apoptosis. The analysis of the molecular signalling pathway suggested that intrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by this treatment. This treatment in vivo delayed the growth of the ectopic tumours in a mesothelioma xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin-C3complex®/Bioperine® treatment strongly reduces in vitro tumorigenic properties of mesothelioma cells by impairing cellular self-renewal ability, proliferative cell rate and cell migration and delays tumor growth in xenograft mouse model by reducing angiogenesis and increasing apoptosis. Considering that curcumin in vivo synergizes drug effects, its administration to treatment regimen may help to enhance drug therapeutic efficacy in mesothelioma. Our results suggest that implementation of standard pharmacological therapies with novel compounds may pave the way to develop alternative approaches to mesothelioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Meo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, via P. Castellino, 111-, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo via Cinthia, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Filosa
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, via P. Castellino, 111-, 80131, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Localitá Camerelle, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Gerarda Giello
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, via P. Castellino, 111-, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Localitá Camerelle, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Baldi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, via P. Castellino, 111-, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, via P. Castellino, 111-, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hornick EE, Dagvadorj J, Zacharias ZR, Miller AM, Langlois RA, Chen P, Legge KL, Bishop GA, Sutterwala FS, Cassel SL. Dendritic cell NLRC4 regulates influenza A virus-specific CD4 T cell responses through FasL expression. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2888-2897. [PMID: 31038471 DOI: 10.1172/jci124937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV)-specific T cell responses are important correlates of protection during primary and subsequent infections. Generation and maintenance of robust IAV-specific T cell responses relies on T cell interactions with dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we explore the role of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor family member NLRC4 in modulating the DC phenotype during IAV infection. Nlrc4-/- mice had worsened survival and increased viral titers during infection, normal innate immune cell recruitment and IAV-specific CD8 T cell responses, but severely blunted IAV-specific CD4 T cell responses compared to wild-type mice. The defect in the pulmonary IAV-specific CD4 T cell response was not a result of defective priming or migration of these cells in Nlrc4-/- mice but was instead due to an increase in FasL+ DCs, resulting in IAV-specific CD4 T cell death. Together, our data support a novel role for NLRC4 in regulating the phenotype of lung DCs during a respiratory viral infection, and thereby influencing the magnitude of protective T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hornick
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ann M Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin L Legge
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suzanne L Cassel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rehman S, Saba N, Naz M, Ahmed P, Munir S, Sajjad S, Tabassum S, Naseem L. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of FAS and FASL Genes and Risk of Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:484-491. [PMID: 29611722 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1458106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
FAS/FASL signaling system plays a vital role in the regulation of apoptosis, envisaged as a death process required for immune surveillance to prevent autoimmunity and tumorigenesis along with several other biological activities. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FAS/FASL system can result in aberrant apoptosis, which can cause different cancers and autoimmune diseases. Aplastic anemia (AA) is an autoimmune dysfunction characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia associated with hypoplasia of bone marrow. The aim of this study was to screen Pakistani AA patients and controls for two Fas SNPs rs2234767 and rs1800682 and two FASLG SNPs rs763110 and rs5030772. Genotyping of 392 DNA samples was done by Tetra-ARMS polymerase chain reaction. Genotypic frequencies of Fas rs1800682 and FASLG rs5030772 showed significance difference in their distribution in both controls and patients, while Fas rs2234767 and FASLG rs763110 SNPs had no such difference. Carriers of rs1800682 AG+GG had a very odd ratio of 4.63, with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.01-7.11, while individuals with FASLG rs5030772 AG+GG were more common in controls than patients with OR 0.53 and 95% CI of 0.34-0.83. Cumulative effects of these SNPs were analyzed, and they showed almost similar trends; however, Fas rs2234767 and FASLG rs763110 genotypes in combination with Fas rs1800682 and FASLG rs5030772 demonstrated significant association. This study provided information that endorsed the involvement of FAS/FASL system SNPs in the pathogenesis of AA; further studies should be designed to understand the exact role of SNPs that can help in early diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rehman
- a Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Saba
- a Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Madiha Naz
- b Islamic International University Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Parvez Ahmed
- c Armed forces Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Munir
- a Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sajjad
- a Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Islamabad , Pakistan
| | | | - Lubna Naseem
- d Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The role of NFAT family transcription factors in erythropoiesis is so far unknown, although their involvement has been suggested previously. We have shown recently that Il2-/- mice develop severe anemia due to defects in KLF1 activity during BM erythropoiesis. Although, KLF1 activity is indispensable for erythropoiesis, the molecular details of Klf1 expression have not yet been elucidated. Here we show that an enhanced NFATc1 activity induced by increased integrin-cAMP signaling plays a critical role in the dysregulation of Klf1 expression and thereby cause anemia in Il2-/- mice. Interestingly, enhanced NFATc1 activity augmented apoptosis of immature erythrocytes in Il2-/- mice. On the other hand, ablation of NFATc1 activity enhanced differentiation of Ter119+ cells in BM. Restoring IL-2 signaling in Il2-/- mice reversed the increase in cAMP-NFAT signaling and facilitated normal erythropoiesis. Altogether, our study identified an NFAT-mediated negative signaling axis, manipulation of which could facilitate erythropoiesis and prevent anemia development.
Collapse
|
22
|
Damaschke NA, Yang B, Bhusari S, Avilla M, Zhong W, Blute ML, Huang W, Jarrard DF. Loss of Igf2 Gene Imprinting in Murine Prostate Promotes Widespread Neoplastic Growth. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5236-5247. [PMID: 28775169 PMCID: PMC9741865 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of imprinting (LOI) is an epigenetic event that relaxes an allele-specific restriction on gene expression. One gene that experiences LOI is the paracrine insulin-like growth factor IGF2, which occurs commonly in human prostate tissues during aging and tumorigenesis. However, the relationship between IGF2 LOI and prostate tumorigenesis has not been established functionally. In this study, we created a mouse model with CTCF-binding site mutations at the Igf2-H19 imprint control region that abolishes CTCF insulator activity, resulting in biallelic Igf2 expression that mimics increased levels seen with aging-induced LOI. We found that Igf2 LOI increased the prevalence and severity of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a premalignant lesion. Engineering Nkx3.1 deficiency into our model increased the frequency of PIN lesions in an additive fashion. Prostates harboring LOI displayed increased MAPK signaling and epithelial proliferation. In human prostate tissue arrays, we documented a positive correlation in benign tissues of IGF2 levels with phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT levels. Overall, our results establish that Igf2 LOI is sufficient on its own to increase rates of neoplastic development in the prostate by upregulating critical cancer-associated signaling pathways. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5236-47. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Damaschke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sachin Bhusari
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mele Avilla
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Weixiong Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael L. Blute
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David F. Jarrard
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Madison, WI, USA,Corresponding author: D.F. Jarrard, M.D, 7037 Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792. Phone 608-252-0937, Fax (608)265-0614,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han S, Meng L, Jiang Y, Cheng W, Tie X, Xia J, Wu A. Lithium enhances the antitumour effect of temozolomide against TP53 wild-type glioblastoma cells via NFAT1/FasL signalling. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1302-1311. [PMID: 28359080 PMCID: PMC5482734 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously showed that activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)1/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway induces glioma cell death. Lithium (Li) is an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 that activates NFAT1/FasL signalling. Temozolomide (TMZ) inhibits GSK-3 and activates Fas in tumour protein (TP)53 wild-type (TP53wt) glioma cells. The present study investigated the combinational effects of TMZ and low-dose Li on TP53wt glioma cells. Methods: The combined effect of TMZ and Li was examined in TP53wt U87 and primary glioma cells and a mouse xenograft model. Results: Combination with 1.2 mM Li potentiated TMZ-induced cell death in TP53wt glioma cells, as determined by neurosphere formation and apoptosis assays. Temozolomide combined with Li treatment inhibited GSK-3 activation, promoted NFAT1 nuclear translocation and upregulated Fas/FasL expression. Targeted knockdown of NFAT1 expression blocked the induction of cell death by TMZ and Li via FasL inhibition. In vivo, combined treatment with TMZ and Li suppressed tumour growth and prolonged the survival of tumour-bearing mice. However, the combination of TMZ and Li did not produce a statistically significant effect in TP53mut glioma cells. Conclusions: Temozolomide combined with low-dose Li induces TP53wt glioma cell death via NFAT1/FasL signalling. This represents a potential therapeutic strategy for TP53wt glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Lingxuan Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xinxin Tie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Junzhe Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Early growth response 3 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via upregulation of Fas ligand. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:805-814. [PMID: 28098878 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy with aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a zinc finger transcription factor, and has been studied primarily in the context of neurodevelopment, autoimmunity, inflammation and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that EGR3 is a novel suppressor gene of tumor initiation and progression in certain cancer events, but little work has been carried out in exploring the relationship between EGR3 and HCC growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of EGR3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HCC, and determine the underlying mechanisms. Here, we observed that EGR3 expression was frequently downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of EGR3 contributed to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in HCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) was significantly enhanced following upregulation of EGR3 in HCC cells, accompanied by an obvious increase of pro-apoptotic Bak and cell cycle inhibitor p21 expression. Based on nude mouse models, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of EGR3 markedly restricted tumor growth, and the expression of FasL was significantly increased in the xenograft tumor tissues which exhibited high EGR3 expression. We further established a co-transfection in HCC cells with EGR3 overexpression plasmid and FasL siRNA. We found that silencing of FasL gene impeded the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, as well as the increase of Bak and p21 expression, suggesting an essential role of FasL in EGR3-mediated growth suppression in HCC cells. Collectively, in conclusion, EGR3 contributes to cell growth inhibition via upregulation of FasL in HCC.
Collapse
|
25
|
Larsen SE, Bilenkin A, Tarasenko TN, Arjunaraja S, Stinson JR, McGuire PJ, Snow AL. Sensitivity to Restimulation-Induced Cell Death Is Linked to Glycolytic Metabolism in Human T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:147-155. [PMID: 27852741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) regulates immune responses by restraining effector T cell expansion and limiting nonspecific damage to the host. RICD is triggered by re-engagement of the TCR on a cycling effector T cell, resulting in apoptosis. It remains unclear how RICD sensitivity is calibrated in T cells derived from different individuals or subsets. In this study we show that aerobic glycolysis strongly correlates with RICD sensitivity in human CD8+ effector T cells. Reducing glycolytic activity or glucose availability rendered effector T cells significantly less sensitive to RICD. We found that active glycolysis specifically facilitates the induction of proapoptotic Fas ligand upon TCR restimulation, accounting for enhanced RICD sensitivity in highly glycolytic T cells. Collectively, these data indicate that RICD susceptibility is linked to metabolic reprogramming, and that switching back to metabolic quiescence may help shield T cells from RICD as they transition into the memory pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Larsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Abegail Bilenkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Tatiana N Tarasenko
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Swadhinya Arjunaraja
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Jeffrey R Stinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Peter J McGuire
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Volpe E, Sambucci M, Battistini L, Borsellino G. Fas-Fas Ligand: Checkpoint of T Cell Functions in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:382. [PMID: 27729910 PMCID: PMC5037862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas and Fas Ligand (FasL) are two molecules involved in the regulation of cell death. Their interaction leads to apoptosis of thymocytes that fail to rearrange correctly their T cell receptor (TCR) genes and of those that recognize self-antigens, a process called negative selection; moreover, Fas–FasL interaction leads to activation-induced cell death, a form of apoptosis induced by repeated TCR stimulation, responsible for the peripheral deletion of activated T cells. Both control mechanisms are particularly relevant in the context of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), where T cells exert an immune response against self-antigens. This concept is well demonstrated by the development of autoimmune diseases in mice and humans with defects in Fas or FasL. In recent years, several new aspects of T cell functions in MS have been elucidated, such as the pathogenic role of T helper (Th) 17 cells and the protective role of T regulatory (Treg) cells. Thus, in this review, we summarize the role of the Fas–FasL pathway, with particular focus on its involvement in MS. We then discuss recent advances concerning the role of Fas–FasL in regulating Th17 and Treg cells’ functions, in the context of MS.
Collapse
|
27
|
Soni H, Adebiyi A. TRPC6 channel activation promotes neonatal glomerular mesangial cell apoptosis via calcineurin/NFAT and FasL/Fas signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29041. [PMID: 27383564 PMCID: PMC4935859 DOI: 10.1038/srep29041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and death are involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular disorders. The mechanisms that control GMC survival are poorly understood, but may include signal transduction pathways that are modulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentration. In this study, we investigated whether activation of the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 6 channels and successive [Ca2+]i elevation alter neonatal GMC survival. Hyperforin (HF)-induced TRPC6 channel activation increased [Ca2+]i concentration, inhibited proliferation, and triggered apoptotic cell death in primary neonatal pig GMCs. HF-induced neonatal GMC apoptosis was not associated with oxidative stress. However, HF-induced TRPC6 channel activation stimulated nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). HF also increased cell death surface receptor Fas ligand (FasL) level and caspase-8 activity in the cells; effects mitigated by [Ca2+]i chelator BAPTA, calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor VIVIT, and TRPC6 channel knockdown. Accordingly, HF-induced neonatal GMC apoptosis was attenuated by BAPTA, VIVIT, Fas blocking antibody, and a caspase-3/7 inhibitor. These findings suggest that TRPC6 channel-dependent [Ca2+]i elevation and the ensuing induction of the calcineurin/NFAT, FasL/Fas, and caspase signaling cascades promote neonatal pig GMC apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghare SS, Donde H, Chen WY, Barker DF, Gobejishvilli L, McClain CJ, Barve SS, Joshi-Barve S. Acrolein enhances epigenetic modifications, FasL expression and hepatocyte toxicity induced by anti-HIV drug Zidovudine. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:66-76. [PMID: 27238871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Zidovudine (AZT) remains the mainstay of antiretroviral therapy against HIV in resource-poor countries; however, its use is frequently associated with hepatotoxicity. Not all HIV patients on AZT develop hepatotoxicity, and the determining factors are unclear. Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are known risk factors for HIV hepatotoxicity, and both are significant sources of acrolein, a highly reactive and toxic aldehyde. This study examines the potential hepatotoxic interactions between acrolein and AZT. Our data demonstrate that acrolein markedly enhanced AZT-induced transcriptionally permissive histone modifications (H3K9Ac and H3K9Me3) allowing the recruitment of transcription factor NF-kB and RNA polymerase II at the FasL gene promoter, resulting in FasL upregulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Notably, the acrolein scavenger, hydralazine prevented these promoter-associated epigenetic changes and inhibited FasL upregulation and apoptosis induced by the combination of AZT and acrolein, as well as AZT alone. Our data strongly suggest that acrolein enhancement of promoter histone modifications and FasL upregulation are major pathogenic mechanisms driving AZT-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, these data also indicate the therapeutic potential of hydralazine in mitigating AZT hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita S Ghare
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hridgandh Donde
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wei-Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David F Barker
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvilli
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shirish S Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Swati Joshi-Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; University of Louisville, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cunningham CA, Cardwell LN, Guan Y, Teixeiro E, Daniels MA. POSH Regulates CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Survival. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4003-13. [PMID: 27084103 PMCID: PMC4868786 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The scaffold molecule POSH is crucial for the regulation of proliferation and effector function in CD8(+) T cells. However, its role in CD4(+) T cells is not known. In this study, we found that disruption of the POSH scaffold complex established a transcriptional profile that strongly skewed differentiation toward Th2, led to decreased survival, and had no effect on cell cycle entry. This is in stark contrast to CD8(+) T cells in which POSH regulates cell cycle and does not affect survival. Disruption of POSH in CD4(+) T cells resulted in the loss of Tak1-dependent activation of JNK1/2 and Tak1-mediated survival. However, in CD8(+) T cells, POSH regulates only JNK1. Remarkably, each type of T cell had a unique composition of the POSH scaffold complex and distinct posttranslational modifications of POSH. These data indicate that the mechanism that regulates POSH function in CD4(+) T cells is different from CD8(+) T cells. All together, these data strongly suggest that POSH is essential for the integration of cell-type-specific signals that regulate the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Cunningham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Leah N Cardwell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Mark A Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Loss of Runx2 sensitises osteosarcoma to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1289-97. [PMID: 26528706 PMCID: PMC4815801 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy in the paediatric population, principally affecting adolescents and young adults. Minimal advancements in patient prognosis have been made over the past two decades because of the poor understanding of disease biology. Runx2, a critical transcription factor in bone development, is frequently amplified and overexpressed in OS. However, the molecular and biological consequences of Runx2 overexpression remain unclear. Methods: si/shRNA and overexpression technology to alter Runx2 levels in OS cells. In vitro assessment of doxorubicin (doxo)-induced apoptosis and in vivo chemosensitivity studies. Small-molecule inhibitor of c-Myc transcriptional activity was used to assess its role. Results: Loss of Runx2 sensitises cells to doxo-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in conjunction with chemotherapy, decreasing Runx2 protein levels activates both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Transplanted tumour studies demonstrated that loss of endogenous Runx2 protein expression enhances caspase-3 cleavage and tumour necrosis in response to chemotherapy. Finally, upon doxo-treated Runx2 knockdown OS cells there was evidence of enhanced c-Myc expression and transcriptional activity. Inhibition of c-Myc under these conditions resulted in decreased activation of apoptosis, therefore insinuating a role for c-Myc in dox-induced activation of apoptotic pathways. Conclusions: Therefore, we have established a novel molecular mechanism by which Runx2 provides a chemoprotective role in OS, indicating that in conjunction to standard chemotherapy, targeting Runx2 may be a new therapeutic strategy for patients with OS.
Collapse
|
31
|
Manuel ER, Chen J, D'Apuzzo M, Lampa MG, Kaltcheva TI, Thompson CB, Ludwig T, Chung V, Diamond DJ. Salmonella-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Coupled with Enzymatic Depletion of Tumor Hyaluronan Induces Complete Regression of Aggressive Pancreatic Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:1096-107. [PMID: 26134178 PMCID: PMC4561205 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial-based therapies are emerging as effective cancer treatments and hold promise for refractory neoplasms, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has not shown significant improvement in therapy for more than 25 years. Using a novel combination of shIDO-ST, a Salmonella-based therapy targeting the immunosuppressive molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), with an enzyme, PEGPH20, which depletes extracellular matrix hyaluronan, we observed extended survival with frequent total regression of autochthonous and orthotopic PDAC tumors. This observation was associated with migration and accumulation of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from spleens into tumors, which was not seen using a scrambled control (shScr-ST). Purified splenic PMNs from PEGPH20/shIDO-ST-treated mice exhibited significant IDO knockdown and were able to kill tumor targets ex vivo through mechanisms involving FasL and serine proteases. In addition, CD8(+) T cells were observed to contribute to late control of pancreatic tumors. Collectively, our data demonstrate that entry of shIDO-ST and PMNs into otherwise impermeable desmoplastic tumors is facilitated by PEGPH20-mediated HA removal, further highlighting an important component of effective treatment for PDAC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Gene Knockdown Techniques/methods
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Hyaluronic Acid/deficiency
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/therapeutic use
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Manuel
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Jeremy Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Massimo D'Apuzzo
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Melanie G Lampa
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Teodora I Kaltcheva
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Thomas Ludwig
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Y, Zhang JJ, Yang WR, Luo HY, Zhang JH, Wang XZ. Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of FAS ligand in cultured immature boar sertoli cells through the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines andmiR-187. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:880-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore; College of Animal Science and Technology; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore; College of Animal Science and Technology; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Wei-Rong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore; College of Animal Science and Technology; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Luo
- College of Resource and Environment; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore; College of Animal Science and Technology; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore; College of Animal Science and Technology; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cencioni MT, Santini S, Ruocco G, Borsellino G, De Bardi M, Grasso MG, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Centonze D, Barilá D, Battistini L, Volpe E. FAS-ligand regulates differential activation-induced cell death of human T-helper 1 and 17 cells in healthy donors and multiple sclerosis patients. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1741. [PMID: 25950471 PMCID: PMC4669684 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Functionally distinct T-helper (Th) subsets orchestrate immune responses. Maintenance of homeostasis through the tight control of inflammatory Th cells is crucial to avoid autoimmune inflammation. Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD) regulates homeostasis of T cells, and it has never been investigated in human Th cells. We generated stable clones of inflammatory Th subsets involved in autoimmune diseases, such as Th1, Th17 and Th1/17 cells, from healthy donors (HD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and we measured AICD. We find that human Th1 cells are sensitive, whereas Th17 and Th1/17 are resistant, to AICD. In particular, Th1 cells express high level of FAS-ligand (FASL), which interacts with FAS and leads to caspases' cleavage and ultimately to cell death. In contrast, low FASL expression in Th17 and Th1/17 cells blunts caspase 8 activation and thus reduces cell death. Interestingly, Th cells obtained from healthy individuals and MS patients behave similarly, suggesting that this mechanism could explain the persistence of inflammatory IL-17-producing cells in autoimmune diseases, such as MS, where their generation is particularly substantial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Cencioni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - S Santini
- 1] Cell Signaling Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy [2] Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ruocco
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Grasso
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Ruggieri
- Department of Neuroscience, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Gasperini
- Department of Neuroscience, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - D Centonze
- 1] Department of Neuroscience "Lancisi", San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy [2] Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Plasticity Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - D Barilá
- 1] Cell Signaling Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy [2] Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - L Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - E Volpe
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The SARS-coronavirus membrane protein induces apoptosis via interfering with PDK1-PKB/Akt signalling. Biochem J 2015; 464:439-47. [PMID: 25271362 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of viral gene products are capable of inducing apoptosis by interfering with various cellular signalling cascades. We previously reported the pro-apoptotic property of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) M (membrane)-protein and a down-regulation of the phosphorylation level of the cell-survival protein PKB (protein kinase B)/Akt in cells expressing M-protein. We also showed that overexpression of PDK1 (3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1), the immediate upstream kinase of PKB/Akt, suppressed M-induced apoptosis. This illustrates that M-protein perturbs the PDK1 and PKB/Akt cell survival signalling pathway. In the present study, we demonstrated that the C-terminus of M-protein interacts with the PH (pleckstrin homology) domain of PDK1. This interaction disrupted the association between PDK1 and PKB/Akt, and led to down-regulation of PKB/Akt activity. This subsequently reduced the level of the phosphorylated forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 and ASK (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase), and led to the activation of caspases 8 and 9. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the SARS-CoV M-protein induces apoptosis through disrupting the interaction of PDK1 with PKB/Akt, and this causes the activation of apoptosis. Our work highlights that the SARS-CoV M protein is highly pro-apoptotic and is capable of simultaneously inducing apoptosis via initiating caspases 8 and 9. Preventing the interaction between M-protein and PDK1 is a plausible therapeutic approach to target the pro-apoptotic property of SARS-CoV.
Collapse
|
35
|
C Zapico S, Menéndez ST, Núñez P. Cell death proteins as markers of early postmortem interval. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2957-62. [PMID: 24297385 PMCID: PMC11113651 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of time since death is one of the challenges in forensic science. There are many approaches to estimate the postmortem interval, including both physical and thanatochemistry methods. Decomposition is triggered by a process called autolysis, which induces destructive changes in the cell leading to cell death. Based on the process of cell death signaling, this study analyzed the early postmortem interval (2-8 h since death) using the study of the mRNA expression of Fas Ligand (FasL) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) by Quantitative-PCR. Results of the study indicate a time-dependent increase in the mRNA levels of both proteins up until 6 h after death. Using a regression analysis in these first 6 h, a positive linear correlation was found between the mRNA expression of these proteins and the time since death. Since PTEN and FasL are implicated in signaling pathways, both proteins are potential candidates to analyze the time since death in time intervals of 6 h or less. Further research is needed to find additional cell death markers and expand the time period for time since death estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Zapico
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), MRC 112, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ghare SS, Joshi-Barve S, Moghe A, Patil M, Barker DF, Gobejishvili L, Brock GN, Cave M, McClain CJ, Barve SS. Coordinated histone H3 methylation and acetylation regulate physiologic and pathologic fas ligand gene expression in human CD4+ T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:412-21. [PMID: 24899502 PMCID: PMC5096587 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells is mainly controlled at transcriptional initiation. To elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms regulating physiologic and pathologic FasL transcription, TCR stimulation-responsive promoter histone modifications in normal and alcohol-exposed primary human CD4+ T cells were examined. TCR stimulation of normal and alcohol-exposed cells led to discernible changes in promoter histone H3 lysine trimethylation, as documented by an increase in the levels of transcriptionally permissive histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation and a concomitant decrease in the repressive histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation. Moreover, acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9), a critical feature of the active promoter state that is opposed by histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation, was significantly increased and was essentially mediated by the p300-histone acetyltransferase. Notably, the degree of these coordinated histone modifications and subsequent recruitment of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II were significantly enhanced in alcohol-exposed CD4+ T cells and were commensurate with the pathologic increase in the levels of FasL mRNA. The clinical relevance of these findings is further supported by CD4+ T cells obtained from individuals with a history of heavy alcohol consumption, which demonstrate significantly greater p300-dependent H3K9 acetylation and FasL expression. Overall, these data show that, in human CD4+ T cells, TCR stimulation induces a distinct promoter histone profile involving a coordinated cross-talk between histone 3 lysine 4 and H3K9 methylation and acetylation that dictates the transcriptional activation of FasL under physiologic, as well as pathologic, conditions of alcohol exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita S Ghare
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Swati Joshi-Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Akshata Moghe
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Madhuvanti Patil
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - David F Barker
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Guy N Brock
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Matthew Cave
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Shirish S Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Filardy AA, Costa-da-Silva AC, Koeller CM, Guimarães-Pinto K, Ribeiro-Gomes FL, Lopes MF, Heise N, Freire-de-Lima CG, Nunes MP, DosReis GA. Infection with Leishmania major induces a cellular stress response in macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85715. [PMID: 24416445 PMCID: PMC3887094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated early cellular responses induced by infection with Leishmania major in macrophages from resistant C57/BL6 mice. Infection increased production of reactive oxygen species by resident, but not inflammatory peritoneal macrophages. In addition, infection increased activation of stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) in resident, but not in inflammatory peritoneal macrophages. Infection also increased expression of membrane and soluble FasL, but infected macrophages remained viable after 48 h. Infection increased secretion of cytokines/chemokines TNF-α, IL-6, TIMP-1, IL-1RA, G-CSF, TREM, KC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and MIP-2 in resident macrophages. Addition of antioxidants deferoxamine and N-acetylcysteine reduced ROS generation and JNK activation. Addition of antioxidants or JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced secretion of KC. Furthermore, treatment with antioxidants or JNK inhibitor also reduced intracellular parasite replication. These results indicated that infection triggers a rapid cellular stress response in resident macrophages which induces proinflammatory signals, but is also involved in parasite survival and replication in host macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra A. Filardy
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina M. Koeller
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kamila Guimarães-Pinto
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia L. Ribeiro-Gomes
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcela F. Lopes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norton Heise
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Célio G. Freire-de-Lima
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marise P. Nunes
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - George A. DosReis
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kroon AA, DelRiccio V, Tseu I, Kavanagh BP, Post M. Mechanical ventilation-induced apoptosis in newborn rat lung is mediated via FasL/Fas pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L795-804. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00048.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation induces pulmonary apoptosis and inhibits alveolar development in preterm infants, but the molecular basis for the apoptotic injury is unknown. The objective was to determine the signaling mechanism(s) of ventilation (stretch)-induced apoptosis in newborn rat lung. Seven-day-old rats were ventilated with room air for 24 h using moderate tidal volumes (8.5 ml/kg). Isolated fetal rat lung epithelial and fibroblast cells were subjected to continuous cyclic stretch (5, 10, or 17% elongation) for up to 12 h. Prolonged ventilation significantly increased the number of apoptotic alveolar type II cells (i.e., terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling and anti-cleaved caspase-3 immunochemistry) and was associated with increased expression of the apoptotic mediator Fas ligand (FasL). Fetal lung epithelial cells, but not fibroblasts, subjected to maximal (i.e., 17%, but not lesser elongation) cyclic stretch exhibited increased apoptosis (i.e., nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering), which appeared to be mediated via the extrinsic pathway (increased expression of FasL and cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -8). The intrinsic pathway appeared not to be involved [minimal mitochondrial membrane depolarization (JC-1 flow analysis) and no activation of caspase-9]. Universal caspases inhibition and neutralization of FasL abrogated the stretch-induced apoptosis. Prolonged mechanical ventilation induces apoptosis of alveolar type II cells in newborn rats and the mechanism appears to involve activation of the extrinsic death pathway via the FasL/Fas system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Kroon
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica DelRiccio
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irene Tseu
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian P. Kavanagh
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Martin Post
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Molecular mechanisms of anticancer action and cell selectivity of short α-helical peptides. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1552-61. [PMID: 24246647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of functional biomaterials and drugs with good biocompatibility towards host cells but with high potency against cancer cells is a challenging endeavor. By drawing upon the advantageous features of natural antimicrobial peptides and α-helical proteins, we have designed a new class of short α-helical peptides G(IIKK)(n)I-NH2 (n = 1-4) with different potency and high selectivity against cancer cells. We show that the peptides with n = 3 and 4 kill cancer cells effectively whilst remaining benign to the host cells at their working concentrations, through mechanistic processes similar to their bactericidal effects. The high cell selectivity could stem from their preferential binding to the outer cell membranes containing negative charges and high fluidity. In addition to rapid membrane-permeabilizing capacities, the peptides can also induce the programmed cell death of cancer cells via both mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway, without inducing non-specific immunogenic responses. Importantly, these peptides can also inhibit tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model without eliciting side effects. Whilst this study reveals the clinical potential of these peptides as potent drugs and for other medical and healthcare applications, it also points to the significance of fundamental material research in the future development of highly selective peptide functional materials.
Collapse
|
40
|
Saxena N, Yadav P, Kumar O. The Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic pathway is involved in abrin-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2013; 135:103-18. [PMID: 23788630 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin is a plant glycoprotein toxin from the seeds of Abrus precatorius, sharing similarity in structure and properties with ricin. Abrin is highly toxic, with an estimated human fatal dose of 0.1-1 µg/kg, causing death after accidental or intentional poisoning. It is a potent biological toxin warfare agent. There is no chemical antidote available against the abrin. The elucidation of molecular mechanism of abrin-induced cell death is important for development of therapy. Intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis has been well established in abrin-induced cell death. However, the detailed mechanism especially extrinsic receptor-mediated pathway remains uncharacterized. To assess whether some of the apoptosis known to occur after abrin exposure might be mediated by Fas/Fas ligand (Fas L) interactions, we analyzed effect of abrin on Fas pathway in Jurkat cells. Here, we report that activation of the Fas pathway is involved in abrin-induced apoptosis. Following treatment of abrin, Fas L was induced, which stimulated the Fas pathway by cross-linking Fas receptor (Fas R). Apoptosis was mediated by cleavage of the Fas R proximal caspase-8 and the downstream caspase-3, resulting in activation of the prototype caspase substrate poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-activated DNase. Blocking Fas L/Fas R interaction by using Fas inhibitor reduced abrin-induced apoptosis, further confirms involvement of Fas pathway. Activation of components of Fas pathway and caspases upon abrin treatment was also found in splenocytes in mice. Our findings offer new perspective for understanding the fundamental mechanism in abrin-induced apoptotic mechanism and may have implication in developing novel therapeutic strategies in the management for abrin-induced complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Saxena
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Defence Research Development & Establishment, Defence Research Development Organization, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474002, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li L, Gao P, Chen HZ, Zhang ZQ, Xu TT, Jia YY, Zhang HN, Du GH, Liu DP. Up-regulation of Fas Ligand Expression by Sirtuin 1 in both Flow-restricted Vessels and Serum-stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 28:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(13)60024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
42
|
Hwang KE, Park DS, Kim YS, Kim BR, Park SN, Lee MK, Park SH, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR. Prx1 modulates the chemosensitivity of lung cancer to docetaxel through suppression of FOXO1-induced apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:72-8. [PMID: 23615915 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression levels of Prx1 are frequently elevated in several human cancers, including lung cancer and may confer increased resistance to treatment. In this study, we investigated the role of Prx1 in docetaxel-induced apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. To test whether Prx1 knockdown affected the sensitivity of A549 cells to docetaxel treatment, we generated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting Prx1 and analyzed the effect of Prx1 knockdown on growth and apoptosis. Tumor growth was evaluated in scrambled shRNA- or shPrx1-infected A549 cell tumors receiving docetaxel treatment. In addition, mechanistic information was gathered by western blot analysis from cell lysates of scrambled- and shPrx1-infected A549 cells pretreated with or without LY294002 and subsequently treated with docetaxel. We found that Prx1 knockdown resulted in enhanced docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, the growth rate of shPrx1-infected A549 tumors was significantly reduced compared to that of scrambled shRNA-infected A549 tumors. Prx1 knockdown also augmented the inhibitory effects of docetaxel on tumor growth. Prx1 knockdown increased the apoptotic potential through activation of the caspase cascade and suppressed docetaxel-induced phosphorylation of Akt and its substrate forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). Moreover, treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 reduced the phosphorylation of FOXO1 and increased the cytotoxicity of docetaxel in A549 cells. Our findings suggest that Prx1 may modulate the chemosensitivity of lung cancer to docetaxel through suppression of FOXO1-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang WZ, Li L, Liu MY, Jin XB, Mao JW, Pu QH, Meng MJ, Chen XG, Zhu JY. Curcumin induces FasL-related apoptosis through p38 activation in human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells. Life Sci 2013; 92:352-8. [PMID: 23352975 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of curcumin-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Huh7 cells. MAIN METHODS Fas and FasL mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of Bcl-2 family members, MAPK family members, c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, caspase-3, PARP, TNF receptor family members and the respective ligands. Apoptotic cells were assayed with annexin V/PI double staining and flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS Curcumin treatment resulted in a fast and significant increase of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) along with activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP in Huh7 cells. Inhibition of caspase-3 activity by the specific inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK rescued Huh7 cells from curcumin-induced apoptosis. Neutralization of FasL significantly protected the cells from curcumin-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, p38 was rapidly activated in response to curcumin, and inactivation of p38 by pharmacologic inhibitor SB203580 dramatically suppressed curcumin-induced FasL expression and apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that curcumin induces apoptosis through p38-denpendent up-regulation of FasL in Huh7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhang Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB controls expression of the immunoregulatory glycan-binding protein galectin-1. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1940-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Muntané J. Harnessing tumor necrosis factor receptors to enhance antitumor activities of drugs. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1610-6. [PMID: 21740002 DOI: 10.1021/tx2002349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the U.S. behind heart disease and over stroke. The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The inhibition of cell death pathways is one of these tumor characteristics which also include sustained proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressor signaling, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, and promotion of invasion and metastasis. Cell death is mediated through death receptor (DR) stimulation initiated by specific ligands that transmit signaling to the cell death machinery or through the participation of mitochondria. Cell death involving DR is mediated by the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) which includes TNF-R type I, CD95, DR3, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1) and -2 (TRAIL-R2), DR6, ectodysplasin A (EDA) receptor (EDAR), and the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (NGFR). The expression of these receptors in healthy and tumor cells induces treatment side effects that limit the systemic administration of cell death-inducing therapies. The present review is focused on the different therapeutic strategies such as targeted antibodies or small molecules addressed to selective stimulated DR-mediated apoptosis or reduce cell proliferation in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Muntané
- Liver Research Unit, Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital , Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cytoplasmic overexpression of CD95L in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells overcomes resistance to CD95-mediated apoptosis. Neoplasia 2011; 13:198-205. [PMID: 21390183 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The CD95/CD95L pathway plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis and immune system regulation; however, the function of this pathway in malignancy remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that CD95L expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma confers advantages to the neoplasm other than immune privilege. METHODS CD95L expression was characterized in immortalized squamous esophagus (HET-1A) and Barrett esophagus (BAR-T) cells; adenocarcinoma cell lines FLO-1, SEG-1, and BIC-1, and MDA468 (- control); and KFL cells (+ control). Analyses included reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots of whole cell and secretory vesicle lysates, FACScan analysis, laser scanning confocal microscopy of native proteins and fluorescent constructs, and assessment of apoptosis and ERK1/2 pathways. RESULTS Cleaved, soluble CD95L is expressed at both the RNA and protein levels in these cell lines derived from esophageal adenocarcinoma and other human tissues. CD95L was neither trafficked to the cell membrane nor secreted into the media or within vesicles, rather the protein seems to be sequestered in the cytoplasm. CD95 and CD95L colocalize by immunofluorescence, but an interaction was not proven by immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of CD95L in the adenocarcinoma cell lines induced robust apoptosis and, under conditions of pan-caspase inhibition, resulted in activation of ERK signaling. CONCLUSIONS CD95L localization in EA cells is inconsistent with the conference of immune privilege and is more consistent with a function that promotes tumor growth through alternative CD95 signaling. Reduced cell surface expression of CD95 affects cell sensitivity to extracellular apoptotic signals more significantly than alterations in downstream modulators of apoptosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Gregory MS, Hackett CG, Abernathy EF, Lee KS, Saff RR, Hohlbaum AM, Moody KSL, Hobson MW, Jones A, Kolovou P, Karray S, Giani A, John SWM, Chen DF, Marshak-Rothstein A, Ksander BR. Opposing roles for membrane bound and soluble Fas ligand in glaucoma-associated retinal ganglion cell death. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17659. [PMID: 21479271 PMCID: PMC3066205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, the most frequent optic neuropathy, is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurs in all forms of glaucoma and accounts for the loss of vision, however the molecular mechanisms that cause RGC loss remain unclear. The pro-apoptotic molecule, Fas ligand, is a transmembrane protein that can be cleaved from the cell surface by metalloproteinases to release a soluble protein with antagonistic activity. Previous studies documented that constitutive ocular expression of FasL maintained immune privilege and prevented neoangeogenesis. We now show that FasL also plays a major role in retinal neurotoxicity. Importantly, in both TNFα triggered RGC death and a spontaneous model of glaucoma, gene-targeted mice that express only full-length FasL exhibit accelerated RGC death. By contrast, FasL-deficiency, or administration of soluble FasL, protected RGCs from cell death. These data identify membrane-bound FasL as a critical effector molecule and potential therapeutic target in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S. Gregory
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline G. Hackett
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emma F. Abernathy
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karen S. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Saff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andreas M. Hohlbaum
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Krishna-sulayman L. Moody
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maura W. Hobson
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander Jones
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paraskevi Kolovou
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Saoussen Karray
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) Unite 580, Hopital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Giani
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Simon W. M. John
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMR); (BRK)
| | - Bruce R. Ksander
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMR); (BRK)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kurata O, Iwasaki T, Matsuyama T, Nakayasu C, Wada S, Hatai K. Lymphocytes with T-cell-like properties express the Fas ligand in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:509-514. [PMID: 21134463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the leukocyte population that expresses Fas ligand (FasL) in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The transcriptional activity of FasL was examined for the first time in the fish leukocytes. Transcription of the FasL gene in flounder leukocytes was significantly increased by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) treatment. All the leukocyte populations we tested possessed binding activity for PHA, but this was especially high in the lymphocyte population. However, the lymphocytes consisted of two subsets showing heterogeneity with respect to PHA binding, with the high-binding subset being surface IgM-negative. We also found that only the lymphocyte population showed a significant increase in the expression of the FasL gene after stimulation with PHA. In addition, only the lymphocyte subset showing high binding to PHA showed conspicuous expression of the FasL gene. This subset also had a CD3γ/δ+, CD8α+ and IgM heavy-chain (-) phenotype. These results suggested that lymphocytes with T-cell-like properties are FasL-expressing cells in the Japanese flounder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Immune modulation by Fas ligand reverse signaling: lymphocyte proliferation is attenuated by the intracellular Fas ligand domain. Blood 2011; 117:519-29. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-292722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL) not only induces apoptosis in Fas receptor-bearing target cells, it is also able to transmit signals into the FasL-expressing cell via its intracellular domain (ICD). Recently, we described a Notch-like proteolytic processing of FasL that leads to the release of the FasL ICD into the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation into the nucleus where it may influence gene transcription. To study the molecular mechanism underlying such reverse FasL signaling in detail and to analyze its physiological importance in vivo, we established a knockout/knockin mouse model, in which wild-type FasL was replaced with a deletion mutant lacking the ICD. Our results demonstrate that FasL ICD signaling impairs activation-induced proliferation in B and T cells by diminishing phosphorylation of phospholipase C γ, protein kinase C, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. We also demonstrate that the FasL ICD interacts with the transcription factor lymphoid-enhancer binding factor-1 and inhibits lymphoid-enhancer binding factor-1–dependent transcription. In vivo, plasma cell numbers, generation of germinal center B cells, and, consequently, production of antigen-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in response to immunization with T cell–dependent or T cell–independent antigen are negatively affected in presence of the FasL ICD, suggesting that FasL reverse signaling participates in negative fine-tuning of certain immune responses.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lettau M, Paulsen M, Schmidt H, Janssen O. Insights into the molecular regulation of FasL (CD178) biology. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 90:456-66. [PMID: 21126798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL, CD95L, APO-1L, CD178, TNFSF6, APT1LG1) is the key death factor of receptor-triggered programmed cell death in immune cells. FasL/Fas-dependent apoptosis plays a pivotal role in activation-induced cell death, termination of immune responses, elimination of autoreactive cells, cytotoxic effector function of T and NK cells, and the establishment of immune privilege. Deregulation or functional impairment of FasL threatens the maintenance of immune homeostasis and defense and results in severe autoimmunity. In addition, FasL has been implicated as an accessory or costimulatory receptor in T cell activation. The molecular mechanisms underlying this reverse signaling capacity are, however, poorly understood and still controversially discussed. Many aspects of FasL biology have been ascribed to selective protein-protein interactions mediated by a unique polyproline region located in the membrane-proximal intracellular part of FasL. Over the past decade, we and others identified a large number of putative FasL-interacting molecules that bind to this polyproline stretch via Src homology 3 or WW domains. Individual interactions were analyzed in more detail and turned out to be crucial for the lysosomal storage, the transport and the surface appearance of the death factor and potentially also for reverse signaling. This review summarizes the work in the framework of the Collaborative Research Consortium 415 (CRC 415) and provides facts and hypotheses about FasL-interacting proteins and their potential role in FasL biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lettau
- Christian-Albrechts-University, Institute of Immunology, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|