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Mentrup T, Leinung N, Patel M, Fluhrer R, Schröder B. The role of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases in membrane protein homeostasis. FEBS J 2024; 291:25-44. [PMID: 37625440 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and the four SPP-like proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c and SPPL3 constitute a family of aspartyl intramembrane proteases with homology to presenilins. The different members reside in distinct cellular localisations within the secretory pathway and the endo-lysosomal system. Despite individual cleavage characteristics, they all cleave single-span transmembrane proteins with a type II orientation exhibiting a cytosolic N-terminus. Though the identification of substrates is not complete, SPP/SPPL-mediated proteolysis appears to be rather selective. Therefore, according to our current understanding cleavage by SPP/SPPL proteases rather seems to serve a regulatory function than being a bulk proteolytic pathway. In the present review, we will summarise our state of knowledge on SPP/SPPL proteases and in particular highlight recently identified substrates and the functional and/or (patho)-physiological implications of these cleavage events. Based on this, we aim to provide an overview of the current open questions in the field. These are connected to the regulation of these proteases at the cellular level but also in context of disease and patho-physiological processes. Furthermore, the interplay with other proteostatic systems capable of degrading membrane proteins is beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Leinung
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehul Patel
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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2
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Höppner S, Schröder B, Fluhrer R. Structure and function of SPP/SPPL proteases: insights from biochemical evidence and predictive modeling. FEBS J 2023; 290:5456-5474. [PMID: 37786993 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 years ago, signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologues, the signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) proteases have been identified based on their sequence similarity to presenilins, a related family of intramembrane aspartyl proteases. Other than those for the presenilins, no high-resolution structures for the SPP/SPPL proteases are available. Despite this limitation, over the years bioinformatical and biochemical data have accumulated, which altogether have provided a picture of the overall structure and topology of these proteases, their localization in the cell, the process of substrate recognition, their cleavage mechanism, and their function. Recently, the artificial intelligence-based structure prediction tool AlphaFold has added high-confidence models of the expected fold of SPP/SPPL proteases. In this review, we summarize known structural aspects of the SPP/SPPL family as well as their substrates. Of particular interest are the emerging substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms that might lead to the prediction and identification of more potential substrates and deeper insight into physiological and pathophysiological roles of proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Höppner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Germany
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3
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Haymour L, Jean M, Smulski C, Legembre P. CD95 (Fas) and CD95L (FasL)-mediated non-canonical signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189004. [PMID: 37865305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the interaction of CD95L (also known as FasL) with its so-called death receptor CD95 (Fas) induces an apoptotic signal responsible for the elimination of infected and cancer cells and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, this receptor can also implement non apoptotic signaling pathways. This latter signaling is involved in metastatic dissemination in certain cancers and the severity of auto-immune disorders. The signaling complexity of this pair is increased by the fact that CD95 expression itself seems to contribute to oncogenesis via a CD95L-independent manner and, that both ligand and receptor might interact with other partners modulating their pathophysiological functions. Finally, CD95L itself can trigger cell signaling in immune cells rendering complex the interpretation of mouse models in which CD95 or CD95L are knocked out. Herein, we discuss these non-canonical responses and their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Haymour
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Mickael Jean
- Université de Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Cristian Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Patrick Legembre
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France.
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Bhosale PG, Kennedy RA, Watt FM. Caspase activation in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2023; 261:43-54. [PMID: 37443405 PMCID: PMC10772935 DOI: 10.1002/path.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are genetically heterogeneous and exhibit diverse stromal and immune microenvironments. Acquired resistance to standard chemo-, radio-, and targeted therapies remains a major hurdle in planning effective treatment modalities for OSCC patients. Since Caspase 8 (CASP8) is frequently mutated in OSCCs, we were interested to explore a potential interaction between tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CASP8 activation using high-content image analysis of human tumour (n = 32) sections. Despite the lymphocyte-rich tumour microenvironment, we observed lower activation of CASP8 (0-10% of tumour area) and its downstream effector CASP3 (0-6%) in tumours than in normal oral epithelium. Conversely, we found apoptosis was high for all the lymphocyte subtypes examined (38-52% of lymphocytes within tumour islands). Tumours with higher Fas ligand (FasL) expression had a significantly higher proportion of cleaved CASP3/8 positive cytotoxic T cells within the tumour islands (p = 0.05), and this was associated with the presence of lymph node metastatic disease [odds ratio: 1.046, 95% confidence interval (1.002-1.091), p = 0.039]. Our finding of extensive activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in TILs, together with evidence of higher FasL in CASP8 mutated tumours, may be useful in predicting the course of disease in individual patients. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka G Bhosale
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Robert A Kennedy
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
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5
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Muraleedharan A, Vanderperre B. The endo-lysosomal system in Parkinson's disease: expanding the horizon. J Mol Biol 2023:168140. [PMID: 37148997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, and its prevalence is increasing with age. A wealth of genetic evidence indicates that the endo-lysosomal system is a major pathway driving PD pathogenesis with a growing number of genes encoding endo-lysosomal proteins identified as risk factors for PD, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, detailed knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking these genes to the disease are available for only a handful of them (e.g. LRRK2, GBA1, VPS35). Taking on the challenge of studying poorly characterized genes and proteins can be daunting, due to the limited availability of tools and knowledge from previous literature. This review aims at providing a valuable source of molecular and cellular insights into the biology of lesser-studied PD-linked endo-lysosomal genes, to help and encourage researchers in filling the knowledge gap around these less popular genetic players. Specific endo-lysosomal pathways discussed range from endocytosis, sorting, and vesicular trafficking to the regulation of membrane lipids of these membrane-bound organelles and the specific enzymatic activities they contain. We also provide perspectives on future challenges that the community needs to tackle and propose approaches to move forward in our understanding of these poorly studied endo-lysosomal genes. This will help harness their potential in designing innovative and efficient treatments to ultimately re-establish neuronal homeostasis in PD but also other diseases involving endo-lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Muraleedharan
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - Benoît Vanderperre
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois and Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal
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Sakuragi T, Nagata S. Regulation of phospholipid distribution in the lipid bilayer by flippases and scramblases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z. [PMID: 37106071 PMCID: PMC10134735 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid bilayers composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, in which proteins are embedded. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids freely move laterally, whereas transverse movement between lipid bilayers is limited. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between membrane leaflets but change their location in biological processes, serving as signalling molecules or enzyme activators. Designated proteins - flippases and scramblases - mediate this lipid movement between the bilayers. Flippases mediate the confined localization of specific phospholipids (phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine) to the cytoplasmic leaflet. Scramblases randomly scramble phospholipids between leaflets and facilitate the exposure of PtdSer on the cell surface, which serves as an important signalling molecule and as an 'eat me' signal for phagocytes. Defects in flippases and scramblases cause various human diseases. We herein review the recent research on the structure of flippases and scramblases and their physiological roles. Although still poorly understood, we address the mechanisms by which they translocate phospholipids between lipid bilayers and how defects cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sakuragi
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Devel L, Guedeney N, Bregant S, Chowdhury A, Jean M, Legembre P. Role of metalloproteases in the CD95 signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074099. [PMID: 36544756 PMCID: PMC9760969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CD95L (also known as FasL or CD178) is a member of the tumor necrosis family (TNF) superfamily. Although this transmembrane ligand has been mainly considered as a potent apoptotic inducer in CD95 (Fas)-expressing cells, more recent studies pointed out its role in the implementation of non-apoptotic signals. Accordingly, this ligand has been associated with the aggravation of inflammation in different auto-immune disorders and in the metastatic occurrence in different cancers. Although it remains to decipher all key factors involved in the ambivalent role of this ligand, accumulating clues suggest that while the membrane bound CD95L triggers apoptosis, its soluble counterpart generated by metalloprotease-driven cleavage is responsible for its non-apoptotic functions. Nonetheless, the metalloproteases (MMPs and ADAMs) involved in the CD95L shedding, the cleavage sites and the different stoichiometries and functions of the soluble CD95L remain to be elucidated. To better understand how soluble CD95L triggers signaling pathways from apoptosis to inflammation or cell migration, we propose herein to summarize the different metalloproteases that have been described to be able to shed CD95L, their cleavage sites and the biological functions associated with the released ligands. Based on these new findings, the development of CD95/CD95L-targeting therapeutics is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Devel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Guedeney
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Bregant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Animesh Chowdhury
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Mickael Jean
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- CRIBL UMR CNRS 7276 INSERM 1262, Université de Limoges, Rue Marcland, Limoges, France,*Correspondence: Patrick Legembre,
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Regis S, Dondero A, Spaggiari GM, Serra M, Caliendo F, Bottino C, Castriconi R. miR-24-3p down-regulates the expression of the apoptotic factors FasL and BIM in human natural killer cells. Cell Signal 2022; 98:110415. [PMID: 35870695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of different functions in immune and non-immune cells. Here we show that miR-24-3p functionally interacts with FASLG mRNA and down-regulates its expression. This interaction occurs in human natural killer cells (NK), leading to the modulation of FasL surface expression. Moreover, miR-24-3p also modulates the mRNA and protein expression of BIM in NK cells. Thus, it likely contributes to the control of both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. In line with this hypothesis, inhibition of miR-24-3p improves both initiator caspase-8 and effector caspase-3 and -7 activities, increases cell apoptosis, and reduces cell viability. Our data suggest that miR-24-3p can act as a survival factor in NK cells, affecting the FasL-mediated killing of Fas expressing cells and the BIM-dependent cell death. More generally, miR-24-3p may condition the level of cell apoptosis, which increases at the contraction phase of the immune response when the clearance of various expanded effector cells is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Regis
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Maria Spaggiari
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Serra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Caliendo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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9
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Huang ZL, Xu B, Li TT, Xu YH, Huang XY, Huang XY. Integrative Analysis Identifies Cell-Type-Specific Genes Within Tumor Microenvironment as Prognostic Indicators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878923. [PMID: 35707353 PMCID: PMC9190278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, but effective early detection and prognostication methods are lacking. Methods The Cox regression model was built to stratify the HCC patients. The single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were employed to investigate the biological function of identified markers. PLCB1 gain- or loss-of-function experiments were performed, and obtained HCC samples were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry assay to validate the biological function of identified markers. Results In this study, we developed a model using optimized markers for HCC recurrence prediction. Specifically, we screened out 8 genes through a series of data analyses, and built a multivariable Cox model based on their expression. The risk stratifications using the Eight-Gene Cox (EGC) model were closely associated with the recurrence-free survivals (RFS) in both training and three validation cohorts. We further demonstrated that this risk stratification could serve as an independent predictor in predicting HCC recurrence, and that the EGC model could outperform other models. Moreover, we also investigated the cell-type-specific expression patterns of the eight recurrence-related genes in tumor microenvironment using single-cell RNA sequencing data, and interpreted their functional roles from correlation and gene set enrichment analyses, in vitro and in vivo experiments. Particularly, PLCB1 and SLC22A7 were predominantly expressed in malignant cells, and they were predicted to promote angiogenesis and to help maintain normal metabolism in liver, respectively. In contrast, both FASLG and IL2RB were specifically expressed in T cells, and were highly correlated with T cell marker genes, suggesting that these two genes might assist in maintaining normal function of T cell-mediated immune response in tumor tissues. Conclusion In conclusion, the EGC model and eight identified marker genes could not only facilitate the accurate prediction of HCC recurrence, but also improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Li Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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10
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Risso V, Lafont E, Le Gallo M. Therapeutic approaches targeting CD95L/CD95 signaling in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35301281 PMCID: PMC8931059 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell death plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Key players in the controlled induction of cell death are the Death Receptors (DR). CD95 is a prototypic DR activated by its cognate ligand CD95L triggering programmed cell death. As a consequence, alterations in the CD95/CD95L pathway have been involved in several disease conditions ranging from autoimmune diseases to inflammation and cancer. CD95L-induced cell death has multiple roles in the immune response since it constitutes one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic lymphocytes kill their targets, but it is also involved in the process of turning off the immune response. Furthermore, beyond the canonical pro-death signals, CD95L, which can be membrane-bound or soluble, also induces non-apoptotic signaling that contributes to its tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory roles. The intent of this review is to describe the role of CD95/CD95L in the pathophysiology of cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation and to discuss recently patented and emerging therapeutic strategies that exploit/block the CD95/CD95L system in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Risso
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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Fukuda Y, Bustos MA, Cho SN, Roszik J, Ryu S, Lopez VM, Burks JK, Lee JE, Grimm EA, Hoon DSB, Ekmekcioglu S. Interplay between soluble CD74 and macrophage-migration inhibitory factor drives tumor growth and influences patient survival in melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:117. [PMID: 35121729 PMCID: PMC8816905 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Soluble forms of receptors play distinctive roles in modulating signal-transduction pathways. Soluble CD74 (sCD74) has been identified in sera of inflammatory diseases and implicated in their pathophysiology; however, few relevant data are available in the context of cancer. Here we assessed the composition and production mechanisms, as well as the clinical significance and biological properties, of sCD74 in melanoma. Serum sCD74 levels were significantly elevated in advanced melanoma patients compared with normal healthy donors, and the high ratio of sCD74 to macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (MIF) conferred significant predictive value for prolonged survival in these patients (p = 0.0035). Secretion of sCD74 was observed primarily in melanoma cell lines as well as a THP-1 line of macrophages from monocytes and primary macrophages, especially in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ). A predominant form that showed clinical relevance was the 25-KDa sCD74, which originated from the 33-KDa isoform of CD74. The release of this sCD74 was regulated by either a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-mediated cell-surface cleavage or cysteine-protease-mediated lysosomal cleavage, depending on cell types. Both recombinant and THP-1 macrophage-released endogenous sCD74 suppressed melanoma cell growth and induced apoptosis under IFN-γ stimulatory conditions via inhibiting the MIF/CD74/AKT-survival pathway. Our findings demonstrate that the interplay between sCD74 and MIF regulates tumor progression and determines patient outcomes in advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Fukuda
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matias A Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Suyeon Ryu
- Department of Genome Sequencing, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Victor M Lopez
- Department of Genome Sequencing, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Genome Sequencing, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Mentrup T, Schröder B. Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 proteases: Regulatory switches or proteasome of the membrane? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119163. [PMID: 34673079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 (SPPL) proteases constitute a subfamily of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases which are homologues of the presenilins, the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex. The three SPPL2 proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b and SPPL2c proteolyse single-span, type II-oriented transmembrane proteins and/or tail-anchored proteins within their hydrophobic transmembrane segments. We review recent progress in defining substrate spectra and in vivo functions of these proteases. Characterisation of the respective knockout mice has implicated SPPL2 proteases in immune cell differentiation and function, prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development and spermatogenesis. Mechanisms how substrates are selected by these enzymes are still incompletely understood. We will discuss current views on how selective SPPL2-mediated cleavage is or whether these proteases may exhibit a generalised role in the turnover of membrane proteins. This has been suggested previously for the mechanistically related γ-secretase for which the term "proteasome of the membrane" has been coined based on its broad substrate spectrum. With regard to individual substrates, potential signalling functions of the resulting cytosolic cleavage fragments remain a controversial aspect. However, it has been clearly shown that SPPL2 proteases can influence cellular signalling and membrane trafficking by controlling levels of their membrane-bound substrate proteins which highlights these enzymes as regulatory switches. Based on this, regulatory mechanisms controlling activity of SPPL2 proteases would need to be postulated, which are just beginning to emerge. These different questions, which are relevant for other families of intramembrane proteases in a similar way, will be critically discussed based on the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Kajikawa O, Herrero R, Chow YH, Hung CF, Matute-Bello G. The bioactivity of soluble Fas ligand is modulated by key amino acids of its stalk region. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253260. [PMID: 34138914 PMCID: PMC8211282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the 26-amino acid N-terminus stalk region of soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), which is separate from its binding site, is required for its biological function. Here we investigate the mechanisms that link the structure of the sFasL stalk region with its function. Using site-directed mutagenesis we cloned a mutant form of sFasL in which all the charged amino acids of the stalk region were changed to neutral alanines (mut-sFasL). We used the Fas-sensitive Jurkat T-cell line and mouse and human alveolar epithelial cells to test the bioactivity of sFasL complexes, using caspase-3 activity and Annexin-V externalization as readouts. Finally, we tested the effects of mut-sFasL on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice. We found that mutation of all the 8 charged amino acids of the stalk region into the non-charged amino acid alanine (mut-sFasL) resulted in reduced apoptotic activity compared to wild type sFasL (WT-sFasL). The mut-sFasL attenuated WT-sFasL function on the Fas-sensitive human T-cell line Jurkat and on primary human small airway epithelial cells. The inhibitory mechanism was associated with the formation of complexes of mut-sFasL with the WT protein. Intratracheal administration of the mut-sFasL to mice 24 hours after intratracheal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide resulted in attenuation of the inflammatory response 24 hours later. Therefore, the stalk region of sFasL has a critical role on bioactivity, and changes in the structure of the stalk region can result in mutant variants that interfere with the wild type protein function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kajikawa
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Medical Research Service, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Hospital Universitario de Getafe and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yu-Hua Chow
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chi F. Hung
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Medical Research Service, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Richards DM, Merz C, Gieffers C, Krendyukov A. CD95L and Anti-Tumor Immune Response: Current Understanding and New Evidence. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2477-2482. [PMID: 33758545 PMCID: PMC7981134 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s297499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of FasL/CD95L to induce apoptosis in various Fas/CD95-expressing cells has been described in the context of hematopoiesis or thymic elimination of self-reactive T cells and resolution of an acute immune response under physiological conditions. At the same time, non-apoptotic CD95 activation is widely described in cancer and shown to stimulate invasiveness of cancer cells, promote cancer progression as well as stemness of cancer cells. This paper puts emphasis on the evolving understanding of expression and the non-apoptotic activities of the CD95/CD95L signaling pathway on the function of tumor cells, tumor microenvironment and immune cells. The emerging evidence to support the role of CD95/CD95L signaling in the anti-tumor immune response will be presented in the context of various malignancies and the modalities of potential therapeutic interventions via selective CD95L inhibition in combination with traditional interventions such as RT, chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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15
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Gregory-Ksander M, Marshak-Rothstein A. The FasLane to ocular pathology-metalloproteinase cleavage of membrane-bound FasL determines FasL function. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:965-977. [PMID: 33565149 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri1220-834r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas ligand (FasL) is best known for its ability to induce cell death in a wide range of Fas-expressing targets and to limit inflammation in immunoprivileged sites such as the eye. In addition, the ability of FasL to induce a much more extensive list of outcomes is being increasingly explored and accepted. These outcomes include the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production, T cell activation, and cell motility. However, the distinct and opposing functions of membrane-associated FasL (mFasL) and the C-terminal soluble FasL fragment (sFasL) released by metalloproteinase cleavage is less well documented and understood. Both mFasL and sFasL can form trimers that engage the trimeric Fas receptor, but only mFasL can form a multimeric complex in lipid rafts to trigger apoptosis and inflammation. By contrast, a number of reports have now documented the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity of sFasL, pointing to a critical regulatory function of the soluble molecule. The immunomodulatory activity of FasL is particularly evident in ocular pathology where elimination of the metalloproteinase cleavage site and the ensuing increased expression of mFasL can severely exacerbate the extent of inflammation and cell death. By contrast, both homeostatic and increased expression of sFasL can limit inflammation and cell death. The mechanism(s) responsible for the protective activity of sFasL are discussed but remain controversial. Nevertheless, it will be important to consider therapeutic applications of sFasL for the treatment of ocular diseases such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Gregory-Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Ranganayaki S, Jamshidi N, Aiyaz M, Rashmi SK, Gayathri N, Harsha PK, Padmanabhan B, Srinivas Bharath MM. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II in neuronal cells triggers unique pathways culminating in autophagy with implications for neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1483. [PMID: 33452321 PMCID: PMC7810707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration underlie movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Manganism among others. As a corollary, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (CI) and complex II (CII) by toxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) respectively, induced degenerative changes noted in such neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to unravel the down-stream pathways associated with CII inhibition and compared with CI inhibition and the Manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity. Genome-wide transcriptomics of N27 neuronal cells exposed to 3-NPA, compared with MPP+ and Mn revealed varied transcriptomic profile. Along with mitochondrial and synaptic pathways, Autophagy was the predominant pathway differentially regulated in the 3-NPA model with implications for neuronal survival. This pathway was unique to 3-NPA, as substantiated by in silico modelling of the three toxins. Morphological and biochemical validation of autophagy markers in the cell model of 3-NPA revealed incomplete autophagy mediated by mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) pathway. Interestingly, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which was elevated in the 3-NPA model could confer neuroprotection against 3-NPA. We propose that, different downstream events are activated upon neurotoxin-dependent CII inhibition compared to other neurotoxins, with implications for movement disorders and regulation of autophagy could potentially offer neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyanarayanan Ranganayaki
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Neema Jamshidi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mohamad Aiyaz
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd., 2/13, Balaji Complex, 80 feet Road, RMV 2nd Stage, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560094, India
| | - Santhosh-Kumar Rashmi
- Department of Neuropathology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Pulleri Kandi Harsha
- Department of Neurovirology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | | | - Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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17
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Papadopoulou AA, Fluhrer R. Signaling Functions of Intramembrane Aspartyl-Proteases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:591787. [PMID: 33381526 PMCID: PMC7768045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis is more than a mechanism to “clean” the membranes from proteins no longer needed. By non-reversibly modifying transmembrane proteins, intramembrane cleaving proteases hold key roles in multiple signaling pathways and often distinguish physiological from pathological conditions. Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and signal peptide peptidase-like proteases (SPPLs) recently have been associated with multiple functions in the field of signal transduction. SPP/SPPLs together with presenilins (PSs) are the only two families of intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases known in mammals. PS1 or PS2 comprise the catalytic center of the γ-secretase complex, which is well-studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The mammalian SPP/SPPL family of intramembrane cleaving proteases consists of five members: SPP and its homologous proteins SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c, and SPPL3. Although these proteases were discovered due to their homology to PSs, it became evident in the past two decades that no physiological functions are shared between these two families. Based on studies in cell culture models various substrates of SPP/SPPL proteases have been identified in the past years and recently-developed mouse lines lacking individual members of this protease family, will help to further clarify the physiological functions of these proteases. In this review we concentrate on signaling roles of mammalian intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases. In particular, we will highlight the signaling roles of PS via its substrates NOTCH, VEGF, and others, mainly focusing on its involvement in vasculature. Delineating also signaling pathways that are affected and/or controlled by SPP/SPPL proteases. From SPP's participation in tumor progression and survival, to SPPL3's regulation of protein glycosylation and SPPL2c's control over cellular calcium stores, various crossovers between proteolytic activity of intramembrane proteases and cell signaling will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini A Papadopoulou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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18
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Signal Peptide Peptidase-Type Proteases: Versatile Regulators with Functions Ranging from Limited Proteolysis to Protein Degradation. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5063-5078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Mentrup T, Cabrera-Cabrera F, Fluhrer R, Schröder B. Physiological functions of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2959-2979. [PMID: 32052089 PMCID: PMC7366577 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis describes the cleavage of substrate proteins within their hydrophobic transmembrane segments. Several families of intramembrane proteases have been identified including the aspartyl proteases Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologues, the SPP-like (SPPL) proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c and SPPL3. As presenilin homologues, they employ a similar catalytic mechanism as the well-studied γ-secretase. However, SPP/SPPL proteases cleave transmembrane proteins with a type II topology. The characterisation of SPP/SPPL-deficient mouse models has highlighted a still growing spectrum of biological functions and also promoted the substrate discovery of these proteases. In this review, we will summarise the current hypotheses how phenotypes of these mouse models are linked to the molecular function of the enzymes. At the cellular level, SPP/SPPL-mediated cleavage events rather provide specific regulatory switches than unspecific bulk proteolysis. By this means, a plethora of different cell biological pathways is influenced including signal transduction, membrane trafficking and protein glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medizinisch-Theoretisches Zentrum MTZ, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florencia Cabrera-Cabrera
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medizinisch-Theoretisches Zentrum MTZ, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86135, Augsburg, Germany
- Biomedizinisches Centrum (BMC), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medizinisch-Theoretisches Zentrum MTZ, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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20
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Lafont E. Stress Management: Death Receptor Signalling and Cross-Talks with the Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1113. [PMID: 32365592 PMCID: PMC7281445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout tumour progression, tumour cells are exposed to various intense cellular stress conditions owing to intrinsic and extrinsic cues, to which some cells are remarkably able to adapt. Death Receptor (DR) signalling and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) are two stress responses that both regulate a plethora of outcomes, ranging from proliferation, differentiation, migration, cytokine production to the induction of cell death. Both signallings are major modulators of physiological tissue homeostasis and their dysregulation is involved in tumorigenesis and the metastastic process. The molecular determinants of the control between the different cellular outcomes induced by DR signalling and the UPR in tumour cells and their stroma and their consequences on tumorigenesis are starting to be unravelled. Herein, I summarize the main steps of DR signalling in relation to its cellular and pathophysiological roles in cancer. I then highlight how the UPR and DR signalling control common cellular outcomes and also cross-talk, providing potential opportunities to further understand the development of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France;
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
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21
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Smith TM, Tharakan A, Martin RK. Targeting ADAM10 in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:499. [PMID: 32265938 PMCID: PMC7105615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating inhibitors for A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), a zinc-dependent protease, was heavily invested in by the pharmaceutical industry starting over 20 years ago. There has been much enthusiasm in basic research for these inhibitors, with a multitude of studies generating significant data, yet the clinical trials have not replicated the same results. ADAM10 is ubiquitously expressed and cleaves many important substrates such as Notch, PD-L1, EGFR/HER ligands, ICOS-L, TACI, and the "stress related molecules" MIC-A, MIC-B and ULBPs. This review goes through the most recent pre-clinical data with inhibitors as well as clinical data supporting the use of ADAM10 inhibitor use in cancer and autoimmunity. It additionally addresses how ADAM10 inhibitor therapy can be improved and if inhibitor therapy can be paired with other drug treatments to maximize effectiveness in various disease states. Finally, it examines the ADAM10 substrates that are important to each disease state and if any of these substrates or ADAM10 itself is a potential biomarker for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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22
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Regulation of cancer cell signaling pathways as key events for therapeutic relevance of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Huang J, Pan Y, Hu G, Sun W, Jiang L, Wang P, Ding X. SRC fine-tunes ADAM10 shedding activity to promote pituitary adenoma cell progression. FEBS J 2019; 287:190-204. [PMID: 31365784 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloproteinase known to modulate the progression of several types of tumor. However, the role played by ADAM10 in pituitary adenomas is currently unknown, and what factors orchestrate the activation of ADAM10 in this kind of tumor is also unclear. Here, we found that SRC kinase is an ADAM10-interacting partner and that SRC kinase activity is required for this interaction. As a new positive regulator promoting the shedding activity of ADAM10, SRC could compete with calmodulin 1 (CALM1) for ADAM10 binding in a mutually exclusive manner. Strikingly, the interaction between ADAM10 and CALM1 is regulated by SRC activity. Furthermore, we proved that the cytoplasmic region of ADAM10 is required for the shedding activity of ADAM10 upon SRC activation. As a proof-of-concept, we discovered that the combination of ADAM10 and SRC inhibitors can inhibit cell proliferation and migration to a great extent. Thus, our findings shed light on a novel therapeutic strategy to block the tumorigenesis and migration of pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, No.971 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guohan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Wallach D. The Tumor Necrosis Factor Family: Family Conventions and Private Idiosyncrasies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028431. [PMID: 28847899 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family and the TNF/nerve growth factor (NGF) family of their cognate receptors together control numerous immune functions, as well as tissue-homeostatic and embryonic-development processes. These diverse functions are dictated by both shared and distinct features of family members, and by interactions of some members with nonfamily ligands and coreceptors. The spectra of their activities are further expanded by the occurrence of the ligands and receptors in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, by "re-anchoring" of soluble forms to extracellular matrix components, and by signaling initiation via intracellular domains (IDs) of both receptors and ligands. Much has been learned about shared features of the receptors as well as of the ligands; however, we still have only limited knowledge of the mechanistic basis for their functional heterogeneity and for the differences between their functions and those of similarly acting cytokines of other families.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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25
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Kong XF, Martinez-Barricarte R, Kennedy J, Mele F, Lazarov T, Deenick EK, Ma CS, Breton G, Lucero KB, Langlais D, Bousfiha A, Aytekin C, Markle J, Trouillet C, Jabot-Hanin F, Arlehamn CSL, Rao G, Picard C, Lasseau T, Latorre D, Hambleton S, Deswarte C, Itan Y, Abarca K, Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Ailal F, Ikinciogullari A, Dogu F, Benhsaien I, Sette A, Abel L, Boisson-Dupuis S, Schröder B, Nussenzweig MC, Liu K, Geissmann F, Tangye SG, Gros P, Sallusto F, Bustamante J, Casanova JL. Disruption of an antimycobacterial circuit between dendritic and helper T cells in human SPPL2a deficiency. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:973-985. [PMID: 30127434 PMCID: PMC6130844 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases. We describe patients with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) disease who are homozygous for loss-of-function mutations of SPPL2A. This gene encodes a transmembrane protease that degrades the N-terminal fragment (NTF) of CD74 (HLA invariant chain) in antigen-presenting cells. The CD74 NTF therefore accumulates in the HLA class II+ myeloid and lymphoid cells of SPPL2a-deficient patients. This toxic fragment selectively depletes IL-12- and IL-23-producing CD1c+ conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) and their circulating progenitors. Moreover, SPPL2a-deficient memory TH1* cells selectively fail to produce IFN-γ when stimulated with mycobacterial antigens in vitro. Finally, Sppl2a-/- mice lack cDC2s, have CD4+ T cells that produce small amounts of IFN-γ after BCG infection, and are highly susceptible to infection with BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These findings suggest that inherited SPPL2a deficiency in humans underlies mycobacterial disease by decreasing the numbers of cDC2s and impairing IFN-γ production by mycobacterium-specific memory TH1* cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Kong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - James Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Federico Mele
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gaëlle Breton
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Kimberly B Lucero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Caner Aytekin
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Janet Markle
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Céline Trouillet
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Capucine Picard
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Théo Lasseau
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Daniela Latorre
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
| | - Katia Abarca
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dewton Moraes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Ailal
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aydan Ikinciogullari
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Dogu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibtihal Benhsaien
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, CHU Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Frédéric Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York , NY, USA
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York , NY, USA.
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Matthews AL, Koo CZ, Szyroka J, Harrison N, Kanhere A, Tomlinson MG. Regulation of Leukocytes by TspanC8 Tetraspanins and the "Molecular Scissor" ADAM10. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1451. [PMID: 30013551 PMCID: PMC6036176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is a ubiquitous transmembrane protein that functions as a "molecular scissor" to cleave the extracellular regions from its transmembrane target proteins. ADAM10 is well characterized as the ligand-dependent activator of Notch proteins, which control cell fate decisions. Indeed, conditional knockouts of ADAM10 in mice reveal impaired B-, T-, and myeloid cell development and/or function. ADAM10 cleaves many other leukocyte-expressed substrates. On B-cells, ADAM10 cleavage of the low-affinity IgE receptor CD23 promotes allergy and asthma, cleavage of ICOS ligand impairs antibody responses, and cleavage of the BAFF-APRIL receptor transmembrane activator and CAML interactor, and BAFF receptor, reduce B-cell survival. On microglia, increased ADAM10 cleavage of a rare variant of the scavenger receptor triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 may increase susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. We and others recently showed that ADAM10 interacts with one of six different regulatory tetraspanin membrane proteins, which we termed the TspanC8 subgroup, comprising Tspan5, Tspan10, Tspan14, Tspan15, Tspan17, and Tspan33. The TspanC8s are required for ADAM10 exit from the endoplasmic reticulum, and emerging evidence suggests that they dictate ADAM10 subcellular localization and substrate specificity. Therefore, we propose that ADAM10 should not be regarded as a single scissor, but as six different scissors with distinct substrate specificities, depending on the associated TspanC8. In this review, we collate recent transcriptomic data to present the TspanC8 repertoires of leukocytes, and we discuss the potential role of the six TspanC8/ADAM10 scissors in leukocyte development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Matthews
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chek Ziu Koo
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Szyroka
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neale Harrison
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Kanhere
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Lettau M, Armbrust F, Dohmen K, Drews L, Poch T, Dietz M, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. Mechanistic peculiarities of activation-induced mobilization of cytotoxic effector proteins in human T cells. Int Immunol 2018; 30:215-228. [PMID: 29373679 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that cytotoxic T and NK cells store effector proteins including granzymes, perforin and Fas ligand (FasL) in intracellular granules, often referred to as secretory lysosomes. Upon target cell encounter, these organelles are transported to the cytotoxic immunological synapse, where they fuse with the plasma membrane to release the soluble effector molecules and to expose transmembrane proteins including FasL on the cell surface. We previously described two distinct species of secretory vesicles in T and NK cells that differ in size, morphology and protein loading, most strikingly regarding FasL and granzyme B. We now show that the signal requirements for the mobilization of one or the other granule also differ substantially. We report that prestored FasL can be mobilized independent of extracellular Ca2+, whereas the surface exposure of lysosome-associated membrane proteins (Lamps; CD107a and CD63) and the release of granzyme B are calcium-dependent. The use of selective inhibitors of actin dynamics unequivocally points to different transport mechanisms for individual vesicles. While inhibitors of actin polymerization/dynamics inhibit the surface appearance of prestored FasL, they increase the activation-induced mobilization of CD107a, CD63 and granzyme B. In contrast, inhibition of the actin-based motor protein myosin 2a facilitates FasL-, but impairs CD107a-, CD63- and granzyme B mobilization. From our data, we conclude that distinct cytotoxic effector granules are differentially regulated with respect to signaling requirements and transport mechanisms. We suggest that a T cell might 'sense' which effector proteins it needs to mobilize in a given context, thereby increasing efficacy while minimizing collateral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lettau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohmen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisann Drews
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Poch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michelle Dietz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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28
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Lee J, Dieckmann NMG, Edgar JR, Griffiths GM, Siegel RM. Fas Ligand localizes to intraluminal vesicles within NK cell cytolytic granules and is enriched at the immune synapse. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:312-321. [PMID: 29642281 PMCID: PMC5946154 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T cell and NK cell cytotoxicity can be mediated via the perforin/granzyme system and Fas Ligand (FasL, CD178). FasL is synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein that binds its cognate receptor Fas (CD95). Membrane-bound FasL is expressed on the plasma membrane of activated lymphocytes and is the main form of FasL with cytotoxic activity, but whether FasL is delivered to the immune synapse along with granzyme and perforin-containing granules is unclear. METHODS We stably expressed FasL-fluorescent fusion proteins into human NK cells and examined the localization of FasL relative to other intracellular markers by confocal and immunoelectron microscopy, and examined the trafficking of FasL during formation of immune synapses with HLA-deficient B cells. RESULTS FasL co-localized with CD63 more strongly than perforin or Lamp1+ in cytolytic granules. Electron microscopy revealed that FasL is enriched on intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) adjacent to the dense-core within cytolytic granules. In NK cells forming immune synapses with HLA-deficient B cells, a portion of FasL-containing granules re-localize toward the immune synapse, while a distinct pool of FasL remains at the distal pole of the cell. CONCLUSIONS Localization of FasL to intra-luminal vesicles within cytolytic granules facilitates FasL trafficking to immune synapses and cytotoxic function in NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeansun Lee
- CIMR, Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.,Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - James R Edgar
- CIMR, Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Velcicky J, Bodendorf U, Rigollier P, Epple R, Beisner DR, Guerini D, Smith P, Liu B, Feifel R, Wipfli P, Aichholz R, Couttet P, Dix I, Widmer T, Wen B, Brandl T. Discovery of the First Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Signal Peptide Peptidase-Like 2a (SPPL2a) Inhibitor Displaying Pronounced Immunomodulatory Effects In Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:865-880. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Epple
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel R. Beisner
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | | | - Bo Liu
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Toni Widmer
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Wen
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Impairment of Fas-ligand-caveolin-1 interaction inhibits Fas-ligand translocation to rafts and Fas-ligand-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:73. [PMID: 29358576 PMCID: PMC5833370 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fas-ligand/CD178 belongs to the TNF family proteins and can induce apoptosis through death receptor Fas/CD95. The important requirement for Fas-ligand-dependent cell death induction is its localization to rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched micro-domains of membrane, involved in regulation of different signaling complexes. Here, we demonstrate that Fas-ligand physically associates with caveolin-1, the main protein component of rafts. Experiments with cells overexpressing Fas-ligand revealed a FasL N-terminal pre-prolin-rich region, which is essential for the association with caveolin-1. We found that the N-terminal domain of Fas-ligand bears two caveolin-binding sites. The first caveolin-binding site binds the N-terminal domain of caveolin-1, whereas the second one appears to interact with the C-terminal domain of caveolin-1. The deletion of both caveolin-binding sites in Fas-ligand impairs its distribution between cellular membranes, and attenuates a Fas-ligand-induced cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the interaction of Fas-ligand and caveolin-1 represents a molecular basis for Fas-ligand translocation to rafts, and the subsequent induction of Fas-ligand-dependent cell death. A possibility of a similar association between other TNF family members and caveolin-1 is discussed.
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31
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Guégan JP, Legembre P. Nonapoptotic functions of Fas/CD95 in the immune response. FEBS J 2017; 285:809-827. [PMID: 29032605 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (also known as Fas) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Mutations in this receptor are associated with a loss of apoptotic signaling and have been detected in an autoimmune disorder called autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) type Ia, which shares some clinical features with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, deletions and mutations of CD95 have been described in many cancers, which led researchers to initially classify this receptor as a tumor suppressor. More recent data demonstrate that CD95 engagement evokes nonapoptotic signals that promote inflammation and carcinogenesis. Transmembrane CD95L (m-CD95L) can be cleaved by metalloproteases, releasing a soluble ligand (s-CD95L). Soluble and membrane-bound CD95L show different stoichiometry (homotrimer versus multimer of homotrimers, respectively), which differentially affects CD95-mediated signaling through molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. This review discusses the biological roles of CD95 in light of recent experiments addressing how a death receptor can trigger both apoptotic and nonapoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Guégan
- Centre Eugène Marquis, INSERM U1242-COSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Centre Eugène Marquis, INSERM U1242-COSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
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32
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Le Gallo M, Poissonnier A, Blanco P, Legembre P. CD95/Fas, Non-Apoptotic Signaling Pathways, and Kinases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1216. [PMID: 29021794 PMCID: PMC5623854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining new blood vessels that develop during inflammatory disorders or cancers act as doors that either allow or block access to the tumor or inflamed organ. Recent data show that these endothelial cells in cancer tissues and inflamed tissues of lupus patients overexpress CD95L, the biological role of which is a subject of debate. The receptor CD95 (also named Fas or apoptosis antigen 1) belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Because mutations of this receptor or its ligand lead to autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cancers, CD95 and CD95L were initially thought to play a role in immune homeostasis and tumor elimination via apoptotic signaling pathways. However, recent data reveal that CD95 also evokes non-apoptotic signals, promotes inflammation, and contributes to carcinogenesis; therefore, it is difficult to dissect its apoptotic effects from its non-apoptotic effects during pathogenesis of disease. CD95L is cleaved by metalloproteases and so exists in two different forms: a transmembrane form and a soluble ligand (s-CD95L). We recently observed that the soluble ligand is overexpressed in serum from patients with triple-negative breast cancer or SLE, in whom it contributes to disease severity by activating non-apoptotic signaling pathways and promoting either metastatic dissemination or accumulation of certain T cell subsets in damaged organs. Here, we discuss the roles of CD95 in modulating immune functions via induction of mainly non-apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Le Gallo
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Amanda Poissonnier
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR CNRS 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
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33
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Mentrup T, Fluhrer R, Schröder B. Latest emerging functions of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:372-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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34
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Zhang X, Götte M, Ibig-Rehm Y, Schuffenhauer A, Kamke M, Beisner D, Guerini D, Siebert D, Bonamy GMC, Gabriel D, Bodendorf U. Identification of SPPL2a Inhibitors by Multiparametric Analysis of a High-Content Ultra-High-Throughput Screen. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:1106-1119. [PMID: 28731783 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217719834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The intramembrane protease signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a) is a potential drug target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to an essential role in B cells and dendritic cells. To screen a library of 1.4 million compounds for inhibitors of SPPL2a, we developed an imaging assay detecting nuclear translocation of the proteolytically released cytosolic substrate fragment. The state-of-the-art hit calling approach based on nuclear translocation resulted in numerous false-positive hits, mainly interrupting intracellular protein trafficking. To filter the false positives, we extracted 340 image-based readouts and developed a novel multiparametric analysis method that successfully triaged the primary hit list. The identified scaffolds were validated by demonstrating activity on endogenous SPPL2a and substrate CD74/p8 in B cells. The multiparametric analysis discovered diverse cellular phenotypes and provided profiles for the whole library. The principle of the presented imaging assay, the screening strategy, and multiparametric analysis are potentially applicable in future screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjo Götte
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marion Kamke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dan Beisner
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.,Vividion Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Siebert
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniela Gabriel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Signal peptide peptidase and SPP-like proteases - Possible therapeutic targets? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28624439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and the four homologous SPP-like proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c and SPPL3 are GxGD-type intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLIPs). In addition to divergent subcellular localisations, distinct differences in the mechanistic properties and substrate requirements of individual family members have been unravelled. SPP/SPPL proteases employ a catalytic mechanism related to that of the γ-secretase complex. Nevertheless, differential targeting of SPP/SPPL proteases and γ-secretase by inhibitors has been demonstrated. Furthermore, also within the SPP/SPPL family significant differences in the sensitivity to currently available inhibitory compounds have been reported. Though far from complete, our knowledge on pathophysiological functions of SPP/SPPL proteases, in particular based on studies in mice, has been significantly increased over the last years. Based on this, inhibition of distinct SPP/SPPL proteases has been proposed as a novel therapeutic concept e.g. for the treatment of autoimmunity and viral or protozoal infections, as we will discuss in this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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36
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Talamillo A, Grande L, Ruiz-Ontañon P, Velasquez C, Mollinedo P, Torices S, Sanchez-Gomez P, Aznar A, Esparis-Ogando A, Lopez-Lopez C, Lafita C, Berciano MT, Montero JA, Vazquez-Barquero A, Segura V, Villagra NT, Pandiella A, Lafarga M, Leon J, Martinez-Climent JA, Sanz-Moreno V, Fernandez-Luna JL. ODZ1 allows glioblastoma to sustain invasiveness through a Myc-dependent transcriptional upregulation of RhoA. Oncogene 2017; 36:1733-1744. [PMID: 27641332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term survival remains low for most patients with glioblastoma (GBM), which reveals the need for markers of disease outcome and novel therapeutic targets. We describe that ODZ1 (also known as TENM1), a type II transmembrane protein involved in fetal brain development, plays a crucial role in the invasion of GBM cells. Differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells drives the nuclear translocation of an intracellular fragment of ODZ1 through proteolytic cleavage by signal peptide peptidase-like 2a. The intracellular fragment of ODZ1 promotes cytoskeletal remodelling of GBM cells and invasion of the surrounding environment both in vitro and in vivo. Absence of ODZ1 by gene deletion or downregulation of ODZ1 by small interfering RNAs drastically reduces the invasive capacity of GBM cells. This activity is mediated by an ODZ1-triggered transcriptional pathway, through the E-box binding Myc protein, that promotes the expression and activation of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and subsequent activation of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK). Overexpression of ODZ1 in GBM cells reduced survival of xenografted mice. Consistently, analysis of 122 GBM tumour samples revealed that the number of ODZ1-positive cells inversely correlated with overall and progression-free survival. Our findings establish a novel marker of invading GBM cells and consequently a potential marker of disease progression and a therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talamillo
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - L Grande
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Ontañon
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - C Velasquez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - P Mollinedo
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - S Torices
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - P Sanchez-Gomez
- Unidad de Neuro-Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Aznar
- Centro para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Esparis-Ogando
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Lopez-Lopez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - C Lafita
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M T Berciano
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J A Montero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - V Segura
- Centro para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - N T Villagra
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - A Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J Leon
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - V Sanz-Moreno
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Ostalecki C, Lee JH, Dindorf J, Collenburg L, Schierer S, Simon B, Schliep S, Kremmer E, Schuler G, Baur AS. Multiepitope tissue analysis reveals SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation as a key step in the transformation of melanocytes. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaai8288. [PMID: 28292959 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of cancer is characterized by the appearance of specific mutations, but these mutations are translated into proteins that must cooperate to induce malignant transformation. Using a systemic approach with the multiepitope ligand cartography (MELC) technology, we analyzed protein expression profiles (PEPs) in nevi and BRAFV600E-positive superficial spreading melanomas (SSMs) from patient tissues to identify key transformation events. The PEPs in nevi and SSMs differed predominantly in the abundance of specific antigens, but the PEPs of nevi- and melanoma-associated keratinocytes gradually changed during the transformation process. A stepwise change in PEP with similar properties occurred in keratinocytes cocultured with melanoma cells. Analysis of the individual steps indicated that activation of the metalloproteinase ADAM10 by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) triggered by mutant BRAFV600E was a critical transformation event. SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation involved the translocation of SPPL3 and ADAM10 into Rab4- or Rab27-positive endosomal compartments. This endosomal translocation, and hence ADAM10 activation, was inhibited by the presence of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our findings suggest that systematic tissue antigen analysis could complement whole-genome approaches to provide more insight into cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Dindorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Collenburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schierer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Simon
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schliep
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistraße 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas S Baur
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Chang H, Smallwood PM, Williams J, Nathans J. Intramembrane Proteolysis of Astrotactins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3506-3516. [PMID: 28100779 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrotactins are vertebrate-specific membrane proteins implicated in neuron-glia interactions during central nervous system development and in hair follicle polarity during skin development. By studying epitope-tagged derivatives of mouse astrotactin-2 (Astn2) produced in transfected cells, we determined that the amino and carboxyl termini reside in the extracellular space and are initially linked by two transmembrane segments and a single cytoplasmic domain. We further show that Astn2 undergoes proteolytic cleavage in the second transmembrane domain (TM2) and that a disulfide bond holds the resulting two fragments together. Recombinant Astn1 also undergoes TM2 cleavage, as does Astn2 isolated from mouse cerebellum. Astn2 intramembrane proteolysis is insensitive to replacement of TM2 by the transmembrane domain of CD74 or by 21 alanines. However, replacement of TM2 by the transmembrane domain of CD4, the asialoglycoprotein receptor, or the transferrin receptor eliminates intramembrane proteolysis, as does leucine substitution of residues that overlap or are immediately upstream of the cleavage site. Replacement of the transmembrane domain of CD74 or the asialoglycoprotein receptor with Astn2 TM2 leads to the appearance of a carboxyl-terminal fragment consistent with intramembrane proteolysis. These experiments define a highly unusual transmembrane topology for the astrotactins, reveal intramembrane proteolysis as a feature of astrotactin maturation, and constrain the substrate sequences that are permissive for cleavage of one type 2 transmembrane segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chang
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics
| | | | | | - Jeremy Nathans
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Neuroscience; Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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Schröder B, Saftig P. Intramembrane proteolysis within lysosomes. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:51-64. [PMID: 27143694 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is of pivotal importance in a diverse set of developmental and physiological processes. Altered intramembrane substrate turnover may be associated with neurodegeneration, cancer and impaired immune function. In this review we will focus on the intramembrane proteases which have been localized in the lysosomal membrane. Members of the γ-secretase complex and γ-secretase activity are found in the lysosomal membrane and are discussed to contribute to intracellular amyloid β production. Mutant or deficient γ-secretase may cause disturbed lysosomal function. The signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) protease 2a is a lysosomal membrane component and cleaves CD74, the invariant chain of the MHC II complex, as well as FasL, TNF, ITM2B and TMEM106, type II transmembrane proteins involved in the regulation of immunity and neurodegeneration. Therefore, it can be concluded, that not only proteolysis within the lysosomal lumen but also within lysosomal membranes regulates important cellular functions and contributes essentially to proteostasis of membrane proteins what may become increasingly compromised in the aged individual.
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Abstract
Intramembrane proteases catalyze peptide bond hydrolysis in the lipid bilayer and play a key role in numerous cellular processes. These integral membrane enzymes consist of four classes: site-2 protease (S2P), rhomboid serine protease, Rce1-type glutamyl protease, and aspartyl protease exemplified by presenilin and signal peptide peptidase (SPP). Structural elucidation of these enzymes is important for mechanistic understanding of their functions, particularly their roles in cell signaling and debilitating diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In the past decade, rigorous effort has led to determination of the crystal structures of S2P from archaebacterium, rhomboid serine protease from E. coli (GlpG), and presenilin/SPP from archaebacterium (PSH). A novel method has been developed to express well-behaved human γ-secretase, which facilitated its structure determination by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). In this chapter, we will discuss the expression and purification of intramembrane proteases including human γ-secretase and describe the enzymatic activity assays for these intramembrane proteases.
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Zepeda-Nuño JS, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Del Toro-Arreola S, Vega-Magaña N, Ángeles-Sánchez J, Haramati J, Pereira-Suárez AL, Bueno-Topete MR. Expression of ADAM10, Fas, FasL and Soluble FasL in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and their Association with Clinical-Pathological Parameters. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:345-353. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Substrate determinants of signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a)-mediated intramembrane proteolysis of the invariant chain CD74. Biochem J 2016; 473:1405-22. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis of CD74 by SPPL2a is essential for B- and dendritic cells. We show that CD74 is proteolysed in the luminal third of the transmembrane segment and identify determinants within its transmembrane and luminal membrane-proximal domain facilitating this cleavage.
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Influence of Immune Myeloid Cells on the Extracellular Matrix During Cancer Metastasis. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2016; 9:45-61. [PMID: 26956475 PMCID: PMC4842183 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-016-0181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the most important components within the tumor microenvironment that supports cancer development and metastasis. Under normal physiological conditions, the ECM is a tightly regulated network providing structural and biochemical support. However, the ECM becomes highly disorganized during neoplastic progression and consequently, stimulates cancer cell transformation, growth and spread. Cancer development and progression is also known to greatly benefit from the support of immune myeloid cells, which have multiple pro-tumorigenic functions including promoting tumor growth, migration and invasion, stimulating angiogenesis and suppressing anti-tumor responses. An increasing number of studies have shown that myeloid cells alter the ECM to support metastatic cancer progression and in turn, the ECM can influence the function of infiltrating myeloid cells. However, the exact nature of this relationship, such as the mechanisms employed and their molecular targets remains unclear. This review discusses evidence for the reciprocal dependence of myeloid cells and the tumor ECM for efficient tumor development and explores potential mechanisms involved in these interactions. A better understanding of this relationship has exciting implications for the development of new therapeutic treatments for metastatic cancer.
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Structural biology of intramembrane proteases: mechanistic insights from rhomboid and S2P to γ-secretase. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 37:97-107. [PMID: 26811996 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bond within the lipid bilayer and play a key role in a variety of cellular processes. These membrane-embedded enzymes comprise four major classes: rhomboid serine proteases, site-2 metalloproteases, Rce1-type glutamyl proteases, and aspartyl proteases exemplified by signal peptide peptidase and γ-secretase. In the past several years, three-dimensional structures of representative members of these four classes of intramembrane protease have been reported at atomic resolutions, which reveal distinct protein folds and active site configurations. These structures, together with structure-guided biochemical analyses, shed light on the working mechanisms of water access and substrate entry. In this review, we discuss the shared as well as unique features of these intramembrane proteases, with a focus on presenilin-the catalytic component of γ-secretase.
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Fleck D, Voss M, Brankatschk B, Giudici C, Hampel H, Schwenk B, Edbauer D, Fukumori A, Steiner H, Kremmer E, Haug-Kröper M, Rossner MJ, Fluhrer R, Willem M, Haass C. Proteolytic Processing of Neuregulin 1 Type III by Three Intramembrane-cleaving Proteases. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:318-33. [PMID: 26574544 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous membrane-bound proteins undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is initiated by shedding, and the remaining stubs are further processed by intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLiPs). Neuregulin 1 type III (NRG1 type III) is a major physiological substrate of β-secretase (β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)). BACE1-mediated cleavage is required to allow signaling of NRG1 type III. Because of the hairpin nature of NRG1 type III, two membrane-bound stubs with a type 1 and a type 2 orientation are generated by proteolytic processing. We demonstrate that these stubs are substrates for three I-CLiPs. The type 1-oriented stub is further cleaved by γ-secretase at an ϵ-like site five amino acids N-terminal to the C-terminal membrane anchor and at a γ-like site in the middle of the transmembrane domain. The ϵ-cleavage site is only one amino acid N-terminal to a Val/Leu substitution associated with schizophrenia. The mutation reduces generation of the NRG1 type III β-peptide as well as reverses signaling. Moreover, it affects the cleavage precision of γ-secretase at the γ-site similar to certain Alzheimer disease-associated mutations within the amyloid precursor protein. The type 2-oriented membrane-retained stub of NRG1 type III is further processed by signal peptide peptidase-like proteases SPPL2a and SPPL2b. Expression of catalytically inactive aspartate mutations as well as treatment with 2,2'-(2-oxo-1,3-propanediyl)bis[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-l-leucyl-l-leucinamide ketone inhibits formation of N-terminal intracellular domains and the corresponding secreted C-peptide. Thus, NRG1 type III is the first protein substrate that is not only cleaved by multiple sheddases but is also processed by three different I-CLiPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fleck
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Matthias Voss
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Ben Brankatschk
- the Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Clinic for Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich
| | - Camilla Giudici
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Heike Hampel
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Benjamin Schwenk
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377 Munich, the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, and
| | - Akio Fukumori
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Harald Steiner
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, and the Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Haug-Kröper
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- the Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Clinic for Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377 Munich
| | - Michael Willem
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich,
| | - Christian Haass
- From the Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, 81377 Munich, the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, and
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Lin WC, Chen CW, Huang YW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS, Lin CF. Kallistatin protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198099 PMCID: PMC4510498 DOI: 10.1038/srep12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous plasma protein, exhibits pleiotropic properties in inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, as evidenced in various animal models and cultured cells. Here, we demonstrate that kallistatin levels were positively correlated with the concentration of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), indicating a compensatory mechanism. Lower ratio of kallistatin to total protein in BALF showed a significant trend toward elevated neutrophil counts (P = 0.002) in BALF and increased mortality (P = 0.046). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, expression of human kallistatin in lung by gene transfer with human kallistatin-encoding plasmid ameliorated acute lung injury (ALI) and reduced cytokine/chemokine levels in BALF. These mice exhibited attenuated lung epithelial apoptosis and decreased Fas/FasL expression compared to the control mice. Mouse survival was improved by kallistatin gene transfer or recombinant human kallistatin treatment after LPS challenge. In LPS-stimulated A549 human lung epithelial cells, kallistatin attenuated apoptosis, down-regulated Fas/FasL signaling, suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited ROS-mediated NF-κB activation and inflammation. Furthermore, LPS-induced apoptosis was blocked by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or NF-κB inhibitor via down-regulating Fas expression. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of kallistatin for sepsis-related ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan [2] Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- 1] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ran Y, Ladd GZ, Ceballos-Diaz C, Jung JI, Greenbaum D, Felsenstein KM, Golde TE. Differential Inhibition of Signal Peptide Peptidase Family Members by Established γ-Secretase Inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128619. [PMID: 26046535 PMCID: PMC4457840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal peptide peptidases (SPPs) are biomedically important proteases implicated as therapeutic targets for hepatitis C (human SPP, (hSPP)), plasmodium (Plasmodium SPP (pSPP)), and B-cell immunomodulation and neoplasia (signal peptide peptidase like 2a, (SPPL2a)). To date, no drug-like, selective inhibitors have been reported. We use a recombinant substrate based on the amino-terminus of BRI2 fused to amyloid β 1-25 (Aβ1-25) (FBA) to develop facile, cost-effective SPP/SPPL protease assays. Co-transfection of expression plasmids expressing the FBA substrate with SPP/SPPLs were conducted to evaluate cleavage, which was monitored by ELISA, Western Blot and immunoprecipitation/MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry (IP/MS). No cleavage is detected in the absence of SPP/SPPL overexpression. Multiple γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and (Z-LL)2 ketone differentially inhibited SPP/SPPL activity; for example, IC50 of LY-411,575 varied from 51±79 nM (on SPPL2a) to 5499±122 nM (on SPPL2b), while Compound E showed inhibition only on hSPP with IC50 of 1465±93 nM. Data generated were predictive of effects observed for endogenous SPPL2a cleavage of CD74 in a murine B-Cell line. Thus, it is possible to differentially inhibit SPP family members. These SPP/SPPL cleavage assays will expedite the search for selective inhibitors. The data also reinforce similarities between SPP family member cleavage and cleavage catalyzed by γ-secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YR); (TG)
| | - Gabriela Z. Ladd
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carolina Ceballos-Diaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joo In Jung
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Doron Greenbaum
- Pennsylvania Drug Discovery Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Felsenstein
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YR); (TG)
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Mentrup T, Häsler R, Fluhrer R, Saftig P, Schröder B. A Cell-Based Assay Reveals Nuclear Translocation of Intracellular Domains Released by SPPL Proteases. Traffic 2015; 16:871-92. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Biochemical Institute; Christian Albrechts University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 9 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Christian Albrechts University of Kiel; Schittenhelmstr. 12 D-24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biomedizinisches Centrum (BMC); Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17 D-81377 Munich Germany
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17 D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute; Christian Albrechts University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 9 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute; Christian Albrechts University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 9 D-24118 Kiel Germany
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Ebsen H, Lettau M, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. Subcellular localization and activation of ADAM proteases in the context of FasL shedding in T lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:416-28. [PMID: 25745808 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The "A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases" (ADAMs) form a subgroup of the metzincin endopeptidases. Proteolytically active members of this protein family act as sheddases and govern key processes in development and inflammation by regulating cell surface expression and release of cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and their receptors. In T lymphocytes, ADAM10 sheds the death factor Fas Ligand (FasL) and thereby regulates T cell activation, death and effector function. Although FasL shedding by ADAM10 was confirmed in several studies, its regulation is still poorly defined. We recently reported that ADAM10 is highly abundant on T cells whereas its close relative ADAM17 is expressed at low levels and transiently appears at the cell surface upon stimulation. Since FasL is also stored intracellularly and brought to the plasma membrane upon stimulation, we addressed where the death factor gets exposed to ADAM proteases. We report for the first time that both ADAM10 and ADAM17 are associated with FasL-containing secretory lysosomes. Moreover, we demonstrate that TCR/CD3/CD28-stimulation induces a partial positioning of both proteases and FasL to lipid rafts and only the activation-induced raft-positioning results in FasL processing. TCR/CD3/CD28-induced FasL proteolysis is markedly affected by reducing both ADAM10 and ADAM17 protein levels, indicating that in human T cells also ADAM17 is implicated in FasL processing. Since FasL shedding is affected by cholesterol depletion and by inhibition of Src kinases or palmitoylation, we conclude that it requires mobilization and co-positioning of ADAM proteases in lipid raft-like platforms associated with an activation of raft-associated Src-family kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Ebsen
- University of Kiel, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3 Bldg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Lettau
- University of Kiel, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3 Bldg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- University of Kiel, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3 Bldg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- University of Kiel, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3 Bldg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rezaei
- Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran
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