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Dumonteil E, Tu W, Desale H, Goff K, Marx P, Ortega-Lopez J, Herrera C. Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor repertoire changes induced by a prototype vaccine against Chagas disease in naïve rhesus macaques. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:58. [PMID: 38824576 PMCID: PMC11143712 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, would be an excellent additional tool for disease control. A recombinant vaccine based on Tc24 and TSA1 parasite antigens was found to be safe and immunogenic in naïve macaques. METHODS We used RNA-sequencing and performed a transcriptomic analysis of PBMC responses to vaccination of naïve macaques after each vaccine dose, to shed light on the immunogenicity of this vaccine and guide the optimization of doses and formulation. We identified differentially expressed genes and pathways and characterized immunoglobulin and T cell receptor repertoires. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis indicated a clear transcriptomic response of PBMCs after three vaccine doses, with the up-regulation of several immune cell activation pathways and a broad non-polarized immune profile. Analysis of the IgG repertoire showed that it had a rapid turnover with novel IgGs produced following each vaccine dose, while the TCR repertoire presented several persisting clones that were expanded after each vaccine dose. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that three vaccine doses may be needed for optimum immunogenicity and support the further evaluation of the protective efficacy of this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA.
| | - Weihong Tu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Hans Desale
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Kelly Goff
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Preston Marx
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jaime Ortega-Lopez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
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Naidoo L, Arumugam T, Ramsuran V. Narrative Review Explaining the Role of HLA-A, -B, and -C Molecules in COVID-19 Disease in and around Africa. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:380-406. [PMID: 38667755 PMCID: PMC11049896 DOI: 10.3390/idr16020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has left a devasting effect on various regions globally. Africa has exceptionally high rates of other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria, and was not impacted by COVID-19 to the extent of other continents Globally, COVID-19 has caused approximately 7 million deaths and 700 million infections thus far. COVID-19 disease severity and susceptibility vary among individuals and populations, which could be attributed to various factors, including the viral strain, host genetics, environment, lifespan, and co-existing conditions. Host genetics play a substantial part in COVID-19 disease severity among individuals. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) was previously been shown to be very important across host immune responses against viruses. HLA has been a widely studied gene region for various disease associations that have been identified. HLA proteins present peptides to the cytotoxic lymphocytes, which causes an immune response to kill infected cells. The HLA molecule serves as the central region for infectious disease association; therefore, we expect HLA disease association with COVID-19. Therefore, in this narrative review, we look at the HLA gene region, particularly, HLA class I, to understand its role in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Naidoo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (L.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (L.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (L.N.); (T.A.)
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Tatarūnas V, Čiapienė I, Giedraitienė A. Precise Therapy Using the Selective Endogenous Encapsidation for Cellular Delivery Vector System. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:292. [PMID: 38399346 PMCID: PMC10893373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in drug response is a major problem in the prescription of pharmacological treatments. The therapeutic effect of drugs can be influenced by human genes. Pharmacogenomic guidelines for individualization of treatment have been validated and used for conventional dosage forms. However, drugs can often target non-specific areas and produce both desired and undesired pharmacological effects. The use of nanoparticles, liposomes, or other available forms for drug formulation could help to overcome the latter problem. Virus-like particles based on retroviruses could be a potential envelope for safe and efficient drug formulations. Human endogenous retroviruses would make it possible to overcome the host immune response and deliver drugs to the desired target. PEG10 is a promising candidate that can bind to mRNA because it is secreted like an enveloped virus-like extracellular vesicle. PEG10 is a retrotransposon-derived gene that has been domesticated. Therefore, formulations with PEG10 may have a lower immunogenicity. The use of existing knowledge can lead to the development of suitable drug formulations for the precise treatment of individual diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vacis Tatarūnas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.T.); (I.Č.)
| | - Ieva Čiapienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.T.); (I.Č.)
| | - Agnė Giedraitienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Al-Eitan LN, ElMotasem MFM, Khair IY, Alahmad SZ. Vaccinomics: Paving the Way for Personalized Immunization. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1031-1047. [PMID: 38898820 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128280417231204085137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most important medical advancements in human history. They have been successfully used to control and limit the spread of many of the lethal diseases that have plagued us, such as smallpox and polio. Previous vaccine design methodologies were based on the model of "isolate-inactivateinject", which amounts to giving the same vaccine dose to everyone susceptible to infection. In recent years, the importance of how the host genetic background alters vaccine response necessitated the introduction of vaccinomics, which is aimed at studying the variability of vaccine efficacy by associating genetic variability and immune response to vaccination. Despite the rapid developments in variant screening, data obtained from association studies is often inconclusive and cannot be used to guide the new generation of vaccines. This review aims to compile the polymorphisms in HLA and immune system genes and examine the link with their immune response to vaccination. The compiled data can be used to guide the development of new strategies for vaccination for vulnerable groups. Overall, the highly polymorphic HLA locus had the highest correlation with vaccine response variability for most of the studied vaccines, and it was linked to variation in multiple stages of the immune response to the vaccines for both humoral and cellular immunity. Designing new vaccine technologies and immunization regiments to accommodate for this variability is an important step for reaching a vaccinomics-based approach to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Naser Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Moh'd Fahmi Munib ElMotasem
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Iliya Yacoub Khair
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Saif Zuhair Alahmad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Silvestri F, Tromba V, Mazzotta I, Costantino F. How does diabetes type 1 affects immune response to hepatitis B virus vaccine in pediatric population? Evaluation of a booster dose in unresponsive subjects with type 1 diabetes. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:822-827. [PMID: 31729208 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.19.05678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine reduced the incidence of Hepatitis B worldwide. Genetic variability, by the presence of specific haplotypes of HLA system (HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4), influences the response to the vaccination. Subjects affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D), contrary to non-diabetics, have a high prevalence of Hepatitis B. METHODS The objective of the study was to evaluate anti-HBs antigen (anti-HBsAg) antibody (Ab) in a group of 201 children (age range: 2-18 years), regularly vaccinated against HBV according to the national vaccination schedule. Patients with anti-HBs Ab≥10 mIU/mL have been defined "responders" and those with anti-HBs Ab<10mIU/mL have been defined "non-responders." The possible association between the T1D and a low immune response to the vaccine has been subsequently valued. Besides the presence of T1D, other possible influential variables have been studied: sex, age, presence of celiac disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, intervening years from the diagnosis of diabetes and presence/absence of diabetic ketoacidosis at time of diagnosis. RESULTS Among the 201 subjects with T1D, 90 (44.8%) were responders, while 111 (55.2%) were non-responders; among the 145 subjects without T1D, 86 (59.3%) were responders and 59 (40.7%) non-responders. We invited "Subjects with T1D non-responders" to undergo a booster dose of the same vaccine. Of these, 21 refused the booster, reducing the sample to 90 patients. After 4 weeks from the booster dose 81 patients showed seroconversion ("false non-responders"), and 9 did not ("true non-responders"). CONCLUSIONS After the booster dose, immune response in our cross-section has been similar to general population. Given the high frequency of "false non-responders" anti-HBsAg Ab should be tested in T1D patients and a booster dose should be administrated in non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Tromba
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ines Mazzotta
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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7
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Dudley MZ, Gerber JE, Budigan Ni H, Blunt M, Holroyd TA, Carleton BC, Poland GA, Salmon DA. Vaccinomics: A scoping review. Vaccine 2023; 41:2357-2367. [PMID: 36803903 PMCID: PMC10065969 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review summarizes a key aspect of vaccinomics by collating known associations between heterogeneity in human genetics and vaccine immunogenicity and safety. METHODS We searched PubMed for articles in English using terms covering vaccines routinely recommended to the general US population, their effects, and genetics/genomics. Included studies were controlled and demonstrated statistically significant associations with vaccine immunogenicity or safety. Studies of Pandemrix®, an influenza vaccine previously used in Europe, were also included, due to its widely publicized genetically mediated association with narcolepsy. FINDINGS Of the 2,300 articles manually screened, 214 were included for data extraction. Six included articles examined genetic influences on vaccine safety; the rest examined vaccine immunogenicity. Hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity was reported in 92 articles and associated with 277 genetic determinants across 117 genes. Thirty-three articles identified 291 genetic determinants across 118 genes associated with measles vaccine immunogenicity, 22 articles identified 311 genetic determinants across 110 genes associated with rubella vaccine immunogenicity, and 25 articles identified 48 genetic determinants across 34 genes associated with influenza vaccine immunogenicity. Other vaccines had fewer than 10 studies each identifying genetic determinants of their immunogenicity. Genetic associations were reported with 4 adverse events following influenza vaccination (narcolepsy, GBS, GCA/PMR, high temperature) and 2 adverse events following measles vaccination (fever, febrile seizure). CONCLUSION This scoping review identified numerous genetic associations with vaccine immunogenicity and several genetic associations with vaccine safety. Most associations were only reported in one study. This illustrates both the potential of and need for investment in vaccinomics. Current research in this field is focused on systems and genetic-based studies designed to identify risk signatures for serious vaccine reactions or diminished vaccine immunogenicity. Such research could bolster our ability to develop safer and more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Gerber
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Survey Research Division, RTI International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haley Budigan Ni
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Office of Health Equity, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine Blunt
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor A Holroyd
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce C Carleton
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel A Salmon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Bayani F, Hashkavaei NS, Arjmand S, Rezaei S, Uskoković V, Alijanianzadeh M, Uversky VN, Ranaei Siadat SO, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Sefidbakht Y. An overview of the vaccine platforms to combat COVID-19 with a focus on the subunit vaccines. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 178:32-49. [PMID: 36801471 PMCID: PMC9938630 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus that has caused the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic. The current approved COVID-19 vaccines have shown considerable efficiency against hospitalization and death. However, the continuation of the pandemic for more than two years and the likelihood of new strain emergence despite the global rollout of vaccination highlight the immediate need for the development and improvement of vaccines. mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus vaccine platforms were the first members of the worldwide approved vaccine list. Subunit vaccines. which are vaccines based on synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins, have been used in lower numbers and limited countries. The unavoidable advantages of this platform, including safety and precise immune targeting, make it a promising vaccine with wider global use in the near future. This review article summarizes the current knowledge on different vaccine platforms, focusing on the subunit vaccines and their clinical trial advancements against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bayani
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokouh Rezaei
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA; TardigradeNano LLC, Irvine, CA, 92604, USA
| | - Mahdi Alijanianzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | | | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Johnson AMF, Hager K, Alameh MG, Van P, Potchen N, Mayer-Blackwell K, Fiore-Gartland A, Minot S, Lin PJC, Tam YK, Weissman D, Kublin JG. The Regulation of Nucleic Acid Vaccine Responses by the Microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.18.529093. [PMID: 36824851 PMCID: PMC9949122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines, including both RNA and DNA platforms, are key technologies that have considerable promise in combating both infectious disease and cancer. However, little is known about the extrinsic factors that regulate nucleic acid vaccine responses and which may determine their effectiveness. The microbiome is recognized as a significant regulator of immune development and response, whose role in regulating some traditional vaccine platforms has recently been discovered. Using germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mouse models in combination with different protein, DNA, and mRNA vaccine regimens, we demonstrate that the microbiome is a significant regulator of nucleic acid vaccine immunogenicity. While the presence of the microbiome enhances CD8+ T cell responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) immunization, the microbiome suppresses immunoglobulin and CD4+ T cell responses to DNA-prime, DNA-protein-boost immunization, indicating contrasting roles for the microbiome in the regulation of these different nucleic acid vaccine platforms. In the case of mRNA-LNP vaccination, germ-free mice display reduced dendritic cell/macrophage activation that may underlie the deficient vaccine response. Our study identifies the microbiome as a relevant determinant of nucleic acid vaccine response with implications for their continued therapeutic development and deployment.
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The rs1883832 Polymorphism (CD40-1C>T) Affects the Intensity of IgA Responses after BNT162b2 Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214056. [PMID: 36430533 PMCID: PMC9697403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination strategies is affected by several factors, including the genetic background of the host. In our study, we evaluated the contribution of the functional polymorphism rs1883832 affecting the Kozak sequence of the TNFSF5 gene (c.-1C>T), encoding CD40, to humoral immune responses after vaccination with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The rs1883832 polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 476 individuals (male/female: 216/260, median age: 55.0 years, range: 20−105) of whom 342 received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and 134 received the adenovirus-based vector vaccines (67 on ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine, 67 on Ad.26.COV2.S vaccine). The IgG and IgA responses were evaluated with chemiluminescent microparticle and ELISA assays on days 21, 42, and 90 after the first dose. The T allele of the rs1883832 polymorphism (allele frequency: 32.8%) was significantly associated with lower IgA levels and represented, as revealed by multivariable analysis, an independent risk factor for reduced anti-spike protein IgA levels on days 42 and 90 following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Similar to serum anti-spike IgA levels, a trend of lower anti-spike IgA concentrations in saliva was found in individuals with the T allele of rs1883832. Finally, the intensity of IgA and IgG responses on day 42 significantly affected the prevalence of COVID-19 after vaccination. The rs1883832 polymorphism may be used as a molecular predictor of the intensity of anti-spike IgA responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination.
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Hijazi R, Gesser-Edelsburg A, Feder-Bubis P, Mesch GS. Hesitant and anti-vaccination groups: A qualitative study on their perceptions and attitudes regarding vaccinations and their reluctance to participate in academic research- an example during a measles outbreak among a group of Jewish parents in Israel. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1012822. [PMID: 36438238 PMCID: PMC9682119 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1012822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is widespread in Western countries and, overall, there is a high vaccination rate. However, immunization is still an enduring challenge. In recent years, the number of parents who choose to delay or refuse vaccines has risen. Objectives (1) to identify the perceptions and attitudes of hesitant and anti-vaccination parents regarding vaccination in general, and vaccinating their children in particular and; (2) to describe the responses of potential participants to the request to participate in academic research regarding their perceptions and attitudes on the subject of vaccines. Methods The research employs the qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological method using two research tools: (1) in-depth interviews with 7 hesitant and 11 anti-vaccination Jewish parents in Israel; and (2) the researchers' field notes from this study process, which describe the responses of 32 potential participants to the request to participate in this academic research. Results The main findings indicate that while most of the interviewees admit to the efficacy of vaccines in preventing diseases, they oppose the way in which vaccines are promoted-based on providing partial information and disregarding parents' concerns and questions. Therefore, they demand transparency about the efficacy and safety of vaccines. The findings also point to a paradoxical finding. On the one hand, these groups claim that health organizations do not understand their position, referring to them as "science-deniers", even though they are not. On the other hand, these parents choose to refrain from participating in scientific studies and voicing their opinions, thereby perpetuating the situation of being misunderstood. Conclusion Hesitant and anti-vaccination groups express mistrust in academic institutions and health organizations. Therefore, an effective dialogue that would include hesitant and anti-vaccination groups, the academy, and health organizations may contribute to a better understanding of the barriers that prevent these groups from getting vaccinated or vaccinating their children and promote public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Hijazi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel,*Correspondence: Rana Hijazi
| | - Anat Gesser-Edelsburg
- Head of the Health Promotion Program and Head of the Health and Risk Communication Lab, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paula Feder-Bubis
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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12
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Seaton KE, De Rosa S, Heptinstall J, Carpp LN, Randhawa AK, McKinnon LR, McLaren P, Viegas E, Gray GE, Churchyard G, Buchbinder SP, Edupuganti S, Bekker LG, Keefer MC, Hosseinipour MC, Goepfert PA, Cohen KW, Williamson BD, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD, Thakar J, Kobie JJ. Baseline host determinants of robust human HIV-1 vaccine-induced immune responses: A meta-analysis of 26 vaccine regimens. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104271. [PMID: 36179551 PMCID: PMC9520208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of baseline host determinants that associate with robust HIV-1 vaccine-induced immune responses could aid HIV-1 vaccine development. We aimed to assess both the collective and relative performance of baseline characteristics in classifying individual participants in nine different Phase 1-2 HIV-1 vaccine clinical trials (26 vaccine regimens, conducted in Africa and in the Americas) as High HIV-1 vaccine responders. METHODS This was a meta-analysis of individual participant data, with studies chosen based on participant-level (vs. study-level summary) data availability within the HIV-1 Vaccine Trials Network. We assessed the performance of 25 baseline characteristics (demographics, safety haematological measurements, vital signs, assay background measurements) and estimated the relative importance of each characteristic in classifying 831 participants as High (defined as within the top 25th percentile among positive responders or above the assay upper limit of quantification) versus Non-High responders. Immune response outcomes included HIV-1-specific serum IgG binding antibodies and Env-specific CD4+ T-cell responses assessed two weeks post-last dose, all measured at central HVTN laboratories. Three variable importance approaches based on SuperLearner ensemble machine learning were considered. FINDINGS Overall, 30.1%, 50.5%, 36.2%, and 13.9% of participants were categorized as High responders for gp120 IgG, gp140 IgG, gp41 IgG, and Env-specific CD4+ T-cell vaccine-induced responses, respectively. When including all baseline characteristics, moderate performance was achieved for the classification of High responder status for the binding antibody responses, with cross-validated areas under the ROC curve (CV-AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.76) for gp120 IgG, 0.73 (0.69, 0.76) for gp140 IgG, and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.72) for gp41 IgG. In contrast, the collection of all baseline characteristics yielded little improvement over chance for predicting High Env-specific CD4+ T-cell responses [CV-AUC: 0.53 (0.48, 0.58)]. While estimated variable importance patterns differed across the three approaches, female sex assigned at birth, lower height, and higher total white blood cell count emerged as significant predictors of High responder status across multiple immune response outcomes using Approach 1. Of these three baseline variables, total white blood cell count ranked highly across all three approaches for predicting vaccine-induced gp41 and gp140 High responder status. INTERPRETATION The identified features should be studied further in pursuit of intervention strategies to improve vaccine responses and may be adjusted for in analyses of immune response data to enhance statistical power. FUNDING National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UM1AI068635 to YH, UM1AI068614 to GDT, UM1AI068618 to MJM, and UM1 AI069511 to MCK), the Duke CFAR P30 AI064518 to GDT, and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE027245 to JJK). This work was also supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any of the funding sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephen De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jack Heptinstall
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - April Kaur Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul McLaren
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada; JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN, Canada
| | - Edna Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan P Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Mina C Hosseinipour
- University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi; Department of Medicine, Institution for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian D Williamson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - James J Kobie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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13
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Poland GA. The human immune response to vaccines is symphonic, polyphonic, homophonic, and megaphonic. Vaccine 2022; 40:6189-6191. [PMID: 36163091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, 200 First Street, SW, Guggenheim 611B, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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14
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The Correlation between Subolesin-Reactive Epitopes and Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081327. [PMID: 36016215 PMCID: PMC9414912 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an environmentally-friendly alternative for tick control. The tick antigen Subolesin (SUB) has shown protection in vaccines for the control of multiple tick species in cattle. Additionally, recent approaches in quantum vaccinomics have predicted SUB-protective epitopes and the peptide sequences involved in protein−protein interactions in this tick antigen. Therefore, the identification of B-cell−reactive epitopes by epitope mapping using a SUB peptide array could be essential as a novel strategy for vaccine development. Subolesin can be used as a model to evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches for the identification of protective epitopes related to vaccine protection and efficacy. In this study, the mapping of B-cell linear epitopes of SUB from three different tick species common in Uganda (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. decoloratus, and Amblyomma variegatum) was conducted using serum samples from two cattle breeds immunized with SUB-based vaccines. The results showed that in cattle immunized with SUB from R. appendiculatus (SUBra) all the reactive peptides (Z-score > 2) recognized by IgG were also significant (Z-ratio > 1.96) when compared to the control group. Additionally, some of the reactive peptides recognized by IgG from the control group were also recognized in SUB cocktail−immunized groups. As a significant result, cattle groups that showed the highest vaccine efficacy were Bos indicus immunized with a SUB cocktail (92%), and crossbred cattle were immunized with SUBra (90%) against R. appendiculatus ticks; the IgG from these groups recognized overlapping epitopes from the peptide SPTGLSPGLSPVRDQPLFTFRQVGLICERMMKERESQIRDEYDHVLSAKLAEQYDTFVKFTYDQKRFEGATPSYLS (Z-ratio > 1.96), which partially corresponded to a Q38 peptide and the SUB protein interaction domain. These identified epitopes could be related to the protection and efficacy of the SUB-based vaccines, and new chimeras containing these protective epitopes could be designed using this new approach.
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15
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Okendo J. Characterization of the expressed RNA variants from young patients with critical and non-critical SARS-CoV-2 infection. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:115. [PMID: 37521832 PMCID: PMC9362069 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the COVID-19 outbreak emerged, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continuously evolved into variants with underlying mutations associated with increased transmissibility, potential escape from neutralizing antibodies, and disease severity. Although intensive research is ongoing worldwide to understand the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, there is a lack of information on what constitutes the expressed RNA variants in critical and non-critical comorbidity-free young patients. The study sought to characterize the expressed RNA variants from young patients with critical and non-critical forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology The bulk ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing data with the identifier GSE172114 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The study participants were divided into critical, n = 46, and non-critical, n = 23. FastQC version 0.11.9 and Cutadapt version 3.7 were used to assess the read quality and perform adapter trimming, respectively. Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference (STAR) version 2.7.10a was used to align reads to the human (hg38) reference genome. Genome Analysis Tool Kit (GATK) best practice was followed to call variants using the rnavar pipeline, part of the nf-core pipelines. Results Our research demonstrates that critical and non-critical SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals are characterized by a unique set of expressed RNA variants. The expressed gene variants are enriched on the innate immune response, specifically neutrophil-mediated immune response. On the other hand, the expressed gene variants are involved in both innate and cellular immune responses. Conclusion Deeply phenotyped comorbidity-free young patients with critical and non-critical SARS-CoV-2 infection are characterized by a unique set of expressed RNA variants. The findings in this study can inform the patient classification process in health facilities globally when admitting young patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javan Okendo
- Systems and Chemical Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
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16
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The link between genetic variation and variability in vaccine responses: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Khan T, Khan A, Ansari JK, Najmi MH, Wei DQ, Muhammad K, Waheed Y. Potential Immunogenic Activity of Computationally Designed mRNA- and Peptide-Based Prophylactic Vaccines against MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072375. [PMID: 35408772 PMCID: PMC9000378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The continued emergence of human coronaviruses (hCoVs) in the last few decades has posed an alarming situation and requires advanced cross-protective strategies against these pandemic viruses. Among these, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been highly associated with lethality in humans. Despite the challenges posed by these viruses, it is imperative to develop effective antiviral therapeutics and vaccines for these human-infecting viruses. The proteomic similarity between the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) among the three viral species offers a potential target for advanced cross-protective vaccine designs. In this study, putative immunogenic epitopes including Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs), Helper T Lymphocytes (HTLs), and Beta-cells (B-cells) were predicted for each RBD-containing region of the three highly pathogenic hCoVs. This was followed by the structural organization of peptide- and mRNA-based prophylactic vaccine designs. The validated 3D structures of these epitope-based vaccine designs were subjected to molecular docking with human TLR4. Furthermore, the CTL and HTL epitopes were processed for binding with respective human Lymphocytes Antigens (HLAs). In silico cloning designs were obtained for the prophylactic vaccine designs and may be useful in further experimental designs. Additionally, the epitope-based vaccine designs were evaluated for immunogenic activity through immune simulation. Further studies may clarify the safety and efficacy of these prophylactic vaccine designs through experimental testing against these human-pathogenic coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.K.); (A.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.K.); (A.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
| | - Jawad Khaliq Ansari
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan; (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Muzammil Hasan Najmi
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan; (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.K.); (A.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan; (J.K.A.); (M.H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (Y.W.)
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18
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Biswas M, Sawajan N, Rungrotmongkol T, Sanachai K, Ershadian M, Sukasem C. Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Approaches for the Improvement of COVID-19 Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835136. [PMID: 35250581 PMCID: PMC8894812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drugs are being administered to tackle coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situations without establishing clinical effectiveness or tailoring safety. A repurposing strategy might be more effective and successful if pharmacogenetic interventions are being considered in future clinical studies/trials. Although it is very unlikely that there are almost no pharmacogenetic data for COVID-19 drugs, however, from inferring the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic(PD) properties and some pharmacogenetic evidence in other diseases/clinical conditions, it is highly likely that pharmacogenetic associations are also feasible in at least some COVID-19 drugs. We strongly mandate to undertake a pharmacogenetic assessment for at least these drug–gene pairs (atazanavir–UGT1A1, ABCB1, SLCO1B1, APOA5; efavirenz–CYP2B6; nevirapine–HLA, CYP2B6, ABCB1; lopinavir–SLCO1B3, ABCC2; ribavirin–SLC28A2; tocilizumab–FCGR3A; ivermectin–ABCB1; oseltamivir–CES1, ABCB1; clopidogrel–CYP2C19, ABCB1, warfarin–CYP2C9, VKORC1; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)–CYP2C9) in COVID-19 patients for advancing precision medicine. Molecular docking and computational studies are promising to achieve new therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current situation in the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents at four important targets from in silico studies has been described and summarized in this review. Although natural occurring compounds from different herbs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are favorable, however, accurate experimental investigation of these compounds is warranted to provide insightful information. Moreover, clinical considerations of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and drug–herb interactions (DHIs) of the existing repurposed drugs along with pharmacogenetic (e.g., efavirenz and CYP2B6) and herbogenetic (e.g., andrographolide and CYP2C9) interventions, collectively called multifactorial drug–gene interactions (DGIs), may further accelerate the development of precision COVID-19 therapies in the real-world clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohitosh Biswas
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nares Sawajan
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Sanachai
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maliheh Ershadian
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, The Preventive Genomics and Family Check-up Services Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Chonlaphat Sukasem,
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19
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Teni Nurlatifah HR, Barlianto W, Wiyasa WA, Kusuma C, Sari TL, Bachtiar NS. Determination Factors Associated with Immune Responses Towards First Dose Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) Measles Vaccine in Indonesian Infants. Med Arch 2022; 75:335-339. [PMID: 35169353 PMCID: PMC8740659 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.335-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measles outbreaks under high coverage of measles vaccination in Indonesia is gaining a necessary evaluation of factors associated with measles-vaccine immune responses. Objctive: The purposes of recent study were to evaluate the association of sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters and specific immune responses towards first dose Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) measles vaccine in Indonesian infants. Methods: A total of 35 infants were enrolled in this cohort study. Measles immune responses were followed up at one and six months after vaccination then analyzed for its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and nutritional parameters. The plaque-reduction microneutralization assay was conducted to measure the titer of measles specific IgG antibody. The level of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells that exhibiting gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion were analyzed by flow cytometry. The association between variable was analyzed by linear regression. The difference immune response among variable were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test. Results: Vitamin A supplementation and breastfeeding were predicted as associated factor for humoral and cellular immune response after one month and six months measles vaccination among Indonesia Infants. Conclusion: Nutritional factor is associated with measles vaccination immune response in Indonesian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Teni Nurlatifah
- Applied Midwifery, Master's Study Program of STIKes Dharma Husada, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wisnu Barlianto
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wayan Arsana Wiyasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East java, Indonesia
| | - Chandra Kusuma
- Bio Farma, Pasteur Street No.28, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tita Luthfia Sari
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Novilia Sjafri Bachtiar
- Applied Midwifery, Master's Study Program of STIKes Dharma Husada, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East java, Indonesia.,Bio Farma, Pasteur Street No.28, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
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20
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Zhong S, Wei H, Li M, Cheng Y, Wen S, Wang D, Shu Y. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Leukocyte Antigen Region Are Associated With Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccine. Front Genet 2022; 13:790914. [PMID: 35198005 PMCID: PMC8859407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.790914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The annual death associated with seasonal influenza is 290,000–650,000 globally, which can be effectively reduced by influenza vaccination. However, the protective hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody response to influenza vaccine is affected by many factors, among which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region can alter the antigen-presenting function of the HLA molecule, thus influencing the process of antibody mounting against vaccine antigen. Methods: Healthy subjects of the Han nationality were recruited and received seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine. Paired serum samples collected on and approximately 28 days after vaccination were tested in parallel by HAI assays. HLA alleles related to the immune response to influenza vaccine reported in the previous literature were summarized, and six corresponding tag SNPs were selected and genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform. Results: The effects of HLA SNPs on HAI antibody response to influenza vaccine varied with different vaccine antigens. The AA genotype of rs41547618 was correlated with low A/H1N1-specific antibody titer compared with the GG + GA genotype (p = .007). The TT genotype of rs17885382 was correlated with low A/H3N2-specific antibody titer compared with the CC + CT genotype (p = .003). In addition, haplotype consisting of rs41542812—rs17885382—rs2068205—rs41547618—rs6905837—rs9270299—CCTGCA was correlated with non-responsiveness to influenza vaccine (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.02–5.62). Conclusion: HLA SNPs were associated with HAI antibody response to influenza vaccine, which can help in a better understanding of the varied responsiveness to influenza vaccine in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhong
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hejiang Wei
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhui Cheng
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dayan Wang, ; Yuelong Shu,
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Dayan Wang, ; Yuelong Shu,
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21
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Deb P, Zannat K, Talukder S, Bhuiyan AH, Jilani MSA, Saif‐Ur‐Rahman KM. Association of
HLA
gene polymorphism with susceptibility, severity, and mortality of
COVID
‐19: A systematic review. HLA 2022; 99:281-312. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Deb
- Department of Virology Dhaka Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Shiny Talukder
- Rangamati General Hospital PCR Laboratory Rangamati Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Shariful Alam Jilani
- Department of Microbiology Ibrahim Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - K. M. Saif‐Ur‐Rahman
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
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22
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Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111158. [PMID: 34827150 PMCID: PMC8614788 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of an attenuated live vaccine depends on gene mutation achieved by, for example, many passages in cultured cells. Viral clones with preferable phenotypes are selected and the causative genetic mutation(s) are later identified. LC16m8 is an example of a highly attenuated smallpox vaccine that was developed and licensed in Japan in the 1970s. LC16m8 was obtained by the passaging of Lister strain, with indicators of small plaque formation and temperature sensitivity as virus phenotypes. This strain can replicate in mammalian cells and provides robust cellular and humoral immunity, as well as long-term immune memory. Recent studies using proteome-wide antigen arrays have revealed that antibody production against LC16m8 and other VACVs differs largely among individuals. Moreover, associations between SNPs in immune-related genes and immune outcomes have been increasingly found. These results lead to predicting adverse events of a vaccine, which is a purpose of vaccinomics. Studies on VACV will continue to contribute to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions and to development of a vaccine for other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Here, we review studies of VACV, including our recent research on LC16m8, with a focus on the phenotype and genotype, and we discuss future research directions.
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Hou J, Wang S, Li D, Carpp LN, Zhang T, Liu Y, Jia M, Peng H, Liu C, Wu H, Huang Y, Shao Y. Early Pro-Inflammatory Signal and T-Cell Activation Associate With Vaccine-Induced Anti-Vaccinia Protective Neutralizing Antibodies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737487. [PMID: 34707608 PMCID: PMC8542877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Both vaccine “take” and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titer are historical correlates for vaccine-induced protection from smallpox. We analyzed a subset of samples from a phase 2a trial of three DNA/HIV-1 primes and a recombinant Tiantan vaccinia virus-vectored (rTV)/HIV-1 booster and found that a proportion of participants showed no anti-vaccinia nAb response to the rTV/HIV-1 booster, despite successful vaccine “take.” Using a rich transcriptomic and vaccinia-specific immunological dataset with fine kinetic sampling, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying nAb response. Blood transcription module analysis revealed the downregulation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) pathway in responders, but not in non-responders, and the upregulation of T-cell activation in responders. Furthermore, transcriptional factor network reconstruction revealed the upregulation of AP-1 core genes at hour 4 and day 1 post-rTV/HIV-1 vaccination, followed by a downregulation from day 3 until day 28 in responders. In contrast, AP-1 core and pro-inflammatory genes were upregulated on day 7 in non-responders. We speculate that persistent pro-inflammatory signaling early post-rTV/HIV-1 vaccination inhibits the nAb response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Manxue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zaric M, Marini A, Nielsen CM, Gupta G, Mekhaiel D, Pham TP, Elias SC, Taylor IJ, de Graaf H, Payne RO, Li Y, Silk SE, Williams C, Hill AVS, Long CA, Miura K, Biswas S. Poor CD4 + T Cell Immunogenicity Limits Humoral Immunity to P. falciparum Transmission-Blocking Candidate Pfs25 in Humans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732667. [PMID: 34659219 PMCID: PMC8515144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) targeting the Pfs25 antigen have shown promise in mice but the same efficacy has never been achieved in humans. We have previously published pre-clinical data related to a TBV candidate Pfs25-IMX313 encoded in viral vectors which was very promising and hence progressed to human clinical trials. The results from the clinical trial of this vaccine were very modest. Here we unravel why, contrary to mice, this vaccine has failed to induce robust antibody (Ab) titres in humans to elicit transmission-blocking activity. We examined Pfs25-specific B cell and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses in mice and humans after vaccination with Pfs25-IMX313 encoded by replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 63 (ChAd63) and the attenuated orthopoxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) delivered in the heterologous prime-boost regimen via intramuscular route. We found that after vaccination, the Pfs25-IMX313 was immunologically suboptimal in humans compared to mice in terms of serum Ab production and antigen-specific B, CD4+ and Tfh cell responses. We identified that the key determinant for the poor anti-Pfs25 Ab formation in humans was the lack of CD4+ T cell recognition of Pfs25-IMX313 derived peptide epitopes. This is supported by correlations established between the ratio of proliferated antigen-specific CD4+/Tfh-like T cells, CXCL13 sera levels, and the corresponding numbers of circulating Pfs25-specific memory B cells, that consequently reflected on antigen-specific IgG sera levels. These correlations can inform the design of next-generation Pfs25-based vaccines for robust and durable blocking of malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Zaric
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Marini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn M Nielsen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Mekhaiel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thao P Pham
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sean C Elias
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona J Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans de Graaf
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth O Payne
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Silk
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Williams
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carole A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sumi Biswas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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de la Fuente J, Contreras M. Vaccinomics: a future avenue for vaccine development against emerging pathogens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1561-1569. [PMID: 34582295 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1987222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines are a major achievement in medical sciences, but the development of more effective vaccines against infectious diseases is essential for prevention and control of emerging pathogens worldwide. The application of omics technologies has advanced vaccinology through the characterization of host-vector-pathogen molecular interactions and the identification of candidate protective antigens. However, major challenges such as host immunity, pathogen and environmental factors, vaccine efficacy and safety need to be addressed. Vaccinomics provides a platform to address these challenges and improve vaccine efficacy and safety. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize current information on vaccinomics and propose quantum vaccinomics approaches to further advance vaccine development through the identification and combination of antigen protective epitopes, the immunological quantum. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an example of emerging infectious diseases with global impact on human health. EXPERT OPINION Vaccines are required for the effective and environmentally sustainable intervention for the control of emerging infectious diseases worldwide. Recent advances in vaccinomics provide a platform to address challenges in improving vaccine efficacy and implementation. As proposed here, quantum vaccinomics will contribute to vaccine development, efficacy, and safety by facilitating antigen combinations to target pathogen infection and transmission in emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto De Investigación En Recursos Cinegéticos Irec-csic-uclm-jccm, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
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26
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Gerber JE, Brewer J, Limaye RJ, Sutherland A, Blunt M, Holroyd TA, Geller G, Carleton B, Kahn J, Salmon DA. Vaccinomics: a cross-sectional survey of public values. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2999-3015. [PMID: 34152932 PMCID: PMC8381829 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1911217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We characterize public values regarding vaccinomics, which aims to improve vaccine safety and effectiveness using genomics.Methods: Panel survey (2020) of ≥18-year-olds with embedded animation introduced vaccinomics. Sociodemographic, health, and vaccination-related items were adapted from validated scales. Novel items measured trust in public health authorities, vaccinomics-related values, and preferences for federal funding: vaccinomics compared with vaccine issues and chronic diseases. Beginning and end of survey confidence in vaccine safety was measured to assess potential changes. Data were weighted to the U.S. Census. Vaccinomics-related concerns were stratified by sociodemographic characteristics, vaccine hesitancy status (composite outcome), reported serious vaccine reactions, and trust in public health authorities (PHA). Log binomial regression models estimated associations between these variables and agency to make vaccine-related decisions.Results: Most (70.7%, N = 1,925) respondents expected vaccinomics would increase their vaccine confidence compared to now. Agreement was highest among those without serious vaccine reaction experience (unexperienced: 74.2% versus experienced: 62.3%), with high trust in PHA (high: 83.3% versus low: 57.4%), and low vaccine hesitancy among parents of teenagers (low: 78.8% versus high: 62.5%) and adults without minor children (low: 79.8% versus high: 60.6%; all p < .01). Belief that vaccination was an individual's choice was associated with reported serious reactions (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR): 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.25) and low trust (aPR: 0.91; 0.84, 0.98). Beginning versus end of survey vaccine safety perceptions were similar.Conclusion: Federal funding, communications, and policies should assure the public that vaccinomics will not remove their decision-making power and engender trust in PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Gerber
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janesse Brewer
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupali J. Limaye
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Sutherland
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madeleine Blunt
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor A. Holroyd
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gail Geller
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce Carleton
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffery Kahn
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A. Salmon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Poland GA, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB. Pharmacogenomics and Vaccine Development. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:546-548. [PMID: 34097754 PMCID: PMC8239825 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research GroupDivision of General Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research GroupDivision of General Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research GroupDivision of General Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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28
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Wen S, Wu Z, Zhong S, Li M, Shu Y. Factors influencing the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2706-2718. [PMID: 33705263 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1875761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination is the best prevention of influenza. However, the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines varies among different populations. It is important to fully identify the factors that may affect the immunogenicity of the vaccines to provide best protection for vaccine recipients. This paper reviews the factors that may influence the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines from the aspects of vaccine factors, adjuvants, individual factors, repeated vaccination, and genetic factors. The confirmed or hypothesized molecular mechanisms of these factors have also been briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyi Zhong
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
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29
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Xie J, Zi W, Li Z, He Y. Ontology-based Precision Vaccinology for Deep Mechanism Understanding and Precision Vaccine Development. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:900-910. [PMID: 33238868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201125112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most important innovations in human history. It has also become a hot research area in a new application - the development of new vaccines against non-infectious diseases such as cancers. However, effective and safe vaccines still do not exist for many diseases, and where vaccines exist, their protective immune mechanisms are often unclear. Although licensed vaccines are generally safe, various adverse events, and sometimes severe adverse events, still exist for a small population. Precision medicine tailors medical intervention to the personal characteristics of individual patients or sub-populations of individuals with similar immunity-related characteristics. Precision vaccinology is a new strategy that applies precision medicine to the development, administration, and post-administration analysis of vaccines. Several conditions contribute to make this the right time to embark on the development of precision vaccinology. First, the increased level of research in vaccinology has generated voluminous "big data" repositories of vaccinology data. Secondly, new technologies such as multi-omics and immunoinformatics bring new methods for investigating vaccines and immunology. Finally, the advent of AI and machine learning software now makes possible the marriage of Big Data to the development of new vaccines in ways not possible before. However, something is missing in this marriage, and that is a common language that facilitates the correlation, analysis, and reporting nomenclature for the field of vaccinology. Solving this bioinformatics problem is the domain of applied biomedical ontology. Ontology in the informatics field is human- and machine-interpretable representation of entities and the relations among entities in a specific domain. The Vaccine Ontology (VO) and Ontology of Vaccine Adverse Events (OVAE) have been developed to support the standard representation of vaccines, vaccine components, vaccinations, host responses, and vaccine adverse events. Many other biomedical ontologies have also been developed and can be applied in vaccine research. Here, we review the current status of precision vaccinology and how ontological development will enhance this field, and propose an ontology-based precision vaccinology strategy to support precision vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangan Xie
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenrui Zi
- Chongqing engineering research center of medical electronics and information technology, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangyong Li
- Chongqing engineering research center of medical electronics and information technology, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqun He
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Development of Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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30
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Kaneko M, Ichida M, Fujii Y, Noda S, Ohi M. Differences in levels of rubella hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers according to birth cohort. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:434-438. [PMID: 33077365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine the immunity level against rubella in pregnant women of different birth cohorts. METHODS In total, 512 pregnant women who visited a primary clinic between May 2019 and March 2020 were enrolled. Information in terms of the patients' hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, birthdate, obstetrical history, and vaccination history were collected. Participants were divided into three generational groups according to the vaccination policy in Japan. Publicly funded vaccination was administered twice as part of a routine program in group A (n = 11), once as part of a routine program and once in a catch-up program in group B (n = 181), and once in group C (n = 320). RESULTS All groups had some women with negative rubella HI antibody titers (7.6% of all the women, 18.2% of group A, 9.4% of group B, and 6.3% of group C) and those with rubella HI antibody titers of ≤1:16 (45.1% of all women, 90.9% of group A, 56.4% of group B, and 37.2% of group C). Rubella HI antibody titers differed between the groups; group C had higher titers than that in group B. In groups B and C, the proportions of women with rubella HI antibody titers of ≤1:16 were not statistically different between primipara and multipara. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that an increase in immunity to rubella, a vaccine-preventable disease, is nevertheless required among childbearing women to prevent rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoki Kaneko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan; Graduate School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Minako Ichida
- Graduate School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Fujii
- Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Shunichi Noda
- Noda Clinic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9-18 Kurahara, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, 885-0051, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ohi
- Siemens Healthineers Japan, 1-11-1 Ohsaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 141-8673, Japan.
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31
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Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Palese P, Poland GA. Current Challenges in Vaccinology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1181. [PMID: 32670279 PMCID: PMC7329983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines, which prime the immune system to respond to future infections, has led to global declines in morbidity and mortality from dreadful infectious communicable diseases. However, many pathogens of public health importance are highly complex and/or rapidly evolving, posing unique challenges to vaccine development. Several of these challenges include an incomplete understanding of how immunity develops, host and pathogen genetic variability, and an increased societal skepticism regarding vaccine safety. In particular, new high-dimensional omics technologies, aided by bioinformatics, are driving new vaccine development (vaccinomics). Informed by recent insights into pathogen biology, host genetic diversity, and immunology, the increasing use of genomic approaches is leading to new models and understanding of host immune system responses that may provide solutions in the rapid development of novel vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Peter Palese
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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32
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Bailey RI, Cheng HH, Chase-Topping M, Mays JK, Anacleto O, Dunn JR, Doeschl-Wilson A. Pathogen transmission from vaccinated hosts can cause dose-dependent reduction in virulence. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000619. [PMID: 32134914 PMCID: PMC7058279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many livestock and human vaccines are leaky because they block symptoms but do not prevent infection or onward transmission. This leakiness is concerning because it increases vaccination coverage required to prevent disease spread and can promote evolution of increased pathogen virulence. Despite leakiness, vaccination may reduce pathogen load, affecting disease transmission dynamics. However, the impacts on post-transmission disease development and infectiousness in contact individuals are unknown. Here, we use transmission experiments involving Marek disease virus (MDV) in chickens to show that vaccination with a leaky vaccine substantially reduces viral load in both vaccinated individuals and unvaccinated contact individuals they infect. Consequently, contact birds are less likely to develop disease symptoms or die, show less severe symptoms, and shed less infectious virus themselves, when infected by vaccinated birds. These results highlight that even partial vaccination with a leaky vaccine can have unforeseen positive consequences in controlling the spread and symptoms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I. Bailey
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Hans H. Cheng
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Margo Chase-Topping
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jody K. Mays
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Osvaldo Anacleto
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Dunn
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrea Doeschl-Wilson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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33
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Bufan B, Arsenović-Ranin N, Petrović R, Živković I, Stoiljković V, Leposavić G. Strain specificities in influence of ageing on germinal centre reaction to inactivated influenza virus antigens in mice: Sex-based differences. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110857. [PMID: 32006634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering variability in vaccine responsiveness across human populations, in respect to magnitude and quality, and importance of vaccines in the elderly, the influence of recipient genetic background on the kinetics of age-related changes in the serum IgG antibody responses to seasonal trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza bulk (TIV) was studied in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showing quantitative and qualitative differences in this responses in young adult ages. With ageing the total serum IgG response to influenza viruses declined, in a strain-specific manner, so the strain disparity observed in young adult mice (the greater magnitude of IgG response in BALB/c mice) disappeared in aged mice. However, the sexual dimorphisms in this response (more prominent in females of both strains) remained in aged ones. The strain-specific differences in age-related decline in the magnitude of IgG response to TIV correlated with the number of germinal centre (GC) B splenocytes. The age-related decline in GC B cell number was consistent with the decrease in the proliferation of B cells and CD4+ cells in splenocyte cultures upon restimulation with TIV. Additionally, the age-related decrease in the magnitude of IgG response correlated with the increase in follicular T regulatory (fTreg)/follicular T helper (fTh) and fTreg/GC B splenocyte ratios (reflecting decrease in fTh and GC B numbers without changes in fTreg number), and the frequency of CD4+ splenocytes producing IL-21, a key factor in balancing the B cell and fTreg cell activity. With ageing the avidity of virus influenza-specific antibody increased in females of both strains. Moreover, ageing affected IgG2a/IgG1 and IgG2c/IgG1 ratios (reflecting Th1/Th2 balance) in male BALB/c mice and female C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Consequently, differently from young mice exhibiting the similar ratios in male and female mice, in aged female mice of both strains IgG2a(c)/IgG1 ratios were shifted towards a less effective IgG1 response (stimulated by IL-4 cytokines) compared with males. The age-related alterations in IgG subclass profiles in both strains correlated with those in IFN-γ/IL-4 production level ratio in splenocyte cultures restimulated with TIV. These findings stimulate further research to formulate sex-specific strategies to improve efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Raisa Petrović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Živković
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Stoiljković
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Téllez-Martínez D, Batista-Duharte A, Portuondo DL, Carlos IZ. Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against sporotrichosis. Feasibility and prospects. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:432-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Piot P, Larson HJ, O'Brien KL, N'kengasong J, Ng E, Sow S, Kampmann B. Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda. Nature 2019; 575:119-129. [PMID: 31695203 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against infectious diseases has changed the future of the human species, saving millions of lives every year, both children and adults, and providing major benefits to society as a whole. Here we show, however, that national and sub-national coverage of vaccination varies greatly and major unmet needs persist. Although scientific progress opens exciting perspectives in terms of new vaccines, the pathway from discovery to sustainable implementation can be long and difficult, from the financing, development and licensing to programme implementation and public acceptance. Immunization is one of the best investments in health and should remain a priority for research, industry, public health and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Piot
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Heidi J Larson
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katherine L O'Brien
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John N'kengasong
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edmond Ng
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Samba Sow
- Center for Vaccine Development, Bamako, Mali
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Centre and Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at the LSHTM, Banjul, The Gambia
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Bae JM. Introduction of Vaccinomics to Develop Personalized Vaccines in Light of Changes in the Usage of Hantaan Virus Vaccine (Hantavax®) in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:277-280. [PMID: 31588696 PMCID: PMC6780290 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea made an official announcement in March 2018 that the total number of inoculations of Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax®) would change from 3 to 4. Some aspects of this decision remain controversial. Based on the characteristics of Hantaan virus (HTNV) and its role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, it might be difficult to develop an effective and safe HTNV vaccine through the isolate-inactivate-inject paradigm. With the development of high-throughput ‘omics’ technologies in the 21st century, vaccinomics has been introduced. While the goal of vaccinomics is to develop equations to describe and predict the immune response, it could also serve as a tool for developing new vaccine candidates and individualized approaches to vaccinology. Thus, the possibility of applying the innovative field of vaccinomics to develop a more effective and safer HTNV vaccine should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Tomic A, Tomic I, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Dekker CL, Maecker HT, Davis MM. SIMON, an Automated Machine Learning System, Reveals Immune Signatures of Influenza Vaccine Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:749-759. [PMID: 31201239 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning holds considerable promise for understanding complex biological processes such as vaccine responses. Capturing interindividual variability is essential to increase the statistical power necessary for building more accurate predictive models. However, available approaches have difficulty coping with incomplete datasets which is often the case when combining studies. Additionally, there are hundreds of algorithms available and no simple way to find the optimal one. In this study, we developed Sequential Iterative Modeling "OverNight" (SIMON), an automated machine learning system that compares results from 128 different algorithms and is particularly suitable for datasets containing many missing values. We applied SIMON to data from five clinical studies of seasonal influenza vaccination. The results reveal previously unrecognized CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets strongly associated with a robust Ab response to influenza Ags. These results demonstrate that SIMON can greatly speed up the choice of analysis modalities. Hence, it is a highly useful approach for data-driven hypothesis generation from disparate clinical datasets. Our strategy could be used to gain biological insight from ever-expanding heterogeneous datasets that are publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Tomic
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304; .,Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Tomic
- Independent researcher, Palo Alto, CA 94303
| | | | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304; and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304
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OMIC Technologies and Vaccine Development: From the Identification of Vulnerable Individuals to the Formulation of Invulnerable Vaccines. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8732191. [PMID: 31183393 PMCID: PMC6512027 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8732191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine vaccination is among the most effective clinical interventions to prevent diseases as it is estimated to save over 3 million lives every year. However, the full potential of global immunization programs is not realised because population coverage is still suboptimal. This is also due to the inadequate immune response and paucity of informative correlates of protection upon immunization of vulnerable individuals such as newborns, preterm infants, pregnant women, and elderly individuals as well as those patients affected by chronic and immune compromising medical conditions. In addition, these groups are undervaccinated for a number of reasons, including lack of awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases and uncertainty or misconceptions about the safety and efficacy of vaccination by parents and healthcare providers. The presence of these nonresponders/undervaccinated individuals represents a major health and economic burden to society, which will become particularly difficult to address in settings with limited public resources. This review describes innovative and experimental approaches that can help identify specific genomic profiles defining nonresponder individuals for whom specific interventions might be needed. We will provide examples that show how such information can be useful to identify novel biomarkers of safety and immunogenicity for future vaccine trials. Finally, we will discuss how system biology “OMICs” data can be used to design bioinformatic tools to predict the vaccination outcome providing genetic and molecular “signatures” of protective immune response. This strategy may soon enable identification of signatures highly predictive of vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy/protection thereby informing personalized vaccine interventions in vulnerable populations.
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Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Yu H, Duchi R, Perota A, Conchon S, Bachar Abramovitch S, Soulillou JP, Galli C, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Biomimetic Glyconanoparticle Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2936-2947. [PMID: 30840433 PMCID: PMC6756924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system to combat malignant processes. Transformed cells harbor diverse modifications that lead to formation of neoantigens, including aberrantly expressed cell surface carbohydrates. Targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a dietary non-human immunogenic carbohydrate that accumulates on human cancer cells, thereby generating neoantigens. In mice, passive immunotherapy with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies inhibits growth of Neu5Gc-positive tumors. Here, we designed an active cancer vaccine immunotherapy strategy to target Neu5Gc-positive tumors. We generated biomimetic glyconanoparticles using engineered αGal knockout porcine red blood cells to form nanoghosts (NGs) that either express (NGpos) or lack expression (NGneg) of Neu5Gc-glycoconjugates in their natural context. We demonstrated that optimized immunization of "human-like" Neu5Gc-deficient Cmah-/- mice with NGpos glyconanoparticles induce a strong, diverse and persistent anti-Neu5Gc IgG immune response. The resulting anti-Neu5Gc IgG antibodies were also detected within Neu5Gc-positive tumors and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Using detailed glycan microarray analysis, we further demonstrate that the kinetics and quality of the immune responses influence the efficacy of the vaccine. These findings reinforce the potential of TACA neoantigens and the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc, in particular, as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Duchi
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- FondazioneAvantea Cremona, Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Corresponding Author: Department of Cell Research & Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel. Tel: +972-3-640-6737. Fax: +972-3-642-2046.
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Haralambieva IH, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Schaid DJ, Poland GA. Current perspectives in assessing humoral immunity after measles vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:75-87. [PMID: 30585753 PMCID: PMC6413513 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1559063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repeated measles outbreaks in countries with relatively high vaccine coverage are mainly due to failure to vaccinate and importation; however, cases in immunized individuals exist raising questions about suboptimal measles vaccine-induced humoral immunity and/or waning immunity in a low measles-exposure environment. AREAS COVERED The plaque reduction neutralization measurement of functional measles-specific antibodies correlates with protection is the gold standard in measles serology, but it does not assess cellular-immune or other parameters that may be associated with durable and/or protective immunity after vaccination. Additional correlates of protection and long-term immunity and new determinants/signatures of vaccine responsiveness such as specific CD46 and IFI44L genetic variants associated with neutralizing antibody titers after measles vaccination are under investigation. Current and future systems biology studies, coupled with new technology/assays and analytical approaches, will lead to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of measles vaccine-induced humoral immunity and will identify 'signatures' of protective and durable immune responses. EXPERT OPINION This will translate into the development of highly predictive assays of measles vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and durability for prospective identification of potential low/non-responders and susceptible individuals who require additional vaccine doses. Such new advances may drive insights into the development of new/improved vaccine formulations and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- a Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | | | - Daniel J Schaid
- a Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
- b Department of Health Sciences Research , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- a Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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High-through identification of T cell-specific phage-exposed mimotopes using PBMCs from tegumentary leishmaniasis patients and their use as vaccine candidates against Leishmania amazonensis infection. Parasitology 2018; 146:322-332. [PMID: 30198459 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, phage-exposed mimotopes as targets against tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) were selected by means of bio-panning cycles employing sera of TL patients and healthy subjects, besides the immune stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from untreated and treated TL patients and healthy subjects. The clones were evaluated regarding their specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in the in vitro cultures, and selectivity and specificity values were calculated, and those presenting the best results were selected for the in vivo experiments. Two clones, namely A4 and A8, were identified and used in immunization protocols from BALB/c mice to protect against Leishmania amazonensis infection. Results showed a polarized Th1 response generated after vaccination, being based on significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); which were associated with lower production of specific IL-4, IL-10 and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies. Vaccinated mice presented significant reductions in the parasite load in the infected tissue and distinct organs, when compared with controls. In conclusion, we presented a strategy to identify new mimotopes able to induce Th1 response in PBMCs from TL patients and healthy subjects, and that were successfully used to protect against L. amazonensis infection.
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Trzewikoswki de Lima G, De Gaspari E. Individual variability in humoral response of immunized outbred mice and cross-reactivity with prevalent Brazilian Neisseria meningitidis strains. Biologicals 2018; 55:19-26. [PMID: 30100326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Trzewikoswki de Lima
- Departamento de Imunologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 11 Andar, 01246902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Departamento de Imunologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 11 Andar, 01246902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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The genetic relationship between R. microplus and R. decoloratus ticks in South Africa and their population structure. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129:60-69. [PMID: 30102976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus and R. decoloratus are one-host ticks that preferentially feed on cattle. They are capable of transmitting various tick-borne pathogens which may be detrimental to the agricultural and livestock industry in South Africa. Previous studies have shown that R. microplus forms five lineages in the R. microplus complex, segregating into different geographical areas based on mitochondrial markers. This study examined the phylogenetic relationship within and between R. microplus and R. decoloratus using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. The results showed that the nuclear ITS2 marker is informative for interspecific variation but lacks the resolution for intraspecific variation. Analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene revealed that R. microplus ticks from South Africa grouped into a clade comprised of ticks from Asia and South America. The population structure of these two tick species was also investigated using novel microsatellite markers. Population structure analyses revealed that both the R. microplus and R. decoloratus populations presented with two genetic clusters. Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from the Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN) province belonged to cluster 1, and those from the Eastern Cape (EC) province predominantly grouped into cluster 2. No observable population structure was noted for R. decoloratus. The overlap of genetic clusters in both species could be attributed to inbreeding between the regions by unrestricted movement of cattle across provinces. Such movement promotes tick mobility, gene flow and the homogenisation of tick populations.
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Van Walleghem M, Tabury K, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Janssen A, Buchheim JI, Choukèr A, Baatout S, Moreels M. Gravity-Related Immunological Changes in Human Whole Blood Cultured Under Simulated Microgravity Using an In Vitro Cytokine Release Assay. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 37:531-540. [PMID: 29252128 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune dysfunction by space conditions has been reported postflight, as well as during ground-based experiments, the cause(s) and nature of the immunological changes are not completely understood. Microgravity has been suggested as one of the factors responsible for the observed immune dysregulation. The goal of this study was to assess immune changes in simulated microgravity (s-μG) using an in vitro cytokine release assay. The effect of s-μG provided by the desktop random positioning machine on cell-mediated immunity was examined by analyzing interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), in response to immune cell stimulation in whole blood samples (n = 10). Stimuli used were bacterial recall antigens, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM). S-μG caused an overall inhibition of the IL-2 and IFN-γ responses to recall antigen and mitogen stimulation. More specifically, s-μG most strongly influenced the levels of all four cytokines elicited by bacterial recall antigen stimulation. In contrast, HKLM-induced TNF-α secretion was elevated. The average concentrations of TNF-α in response to PWM and LPS and IL-10 release stimulated by PWM, LPS, and HKLM were not significantly altered by s-μG. However, a variable response between individual subjects could be observed. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the in vitro cytokine release assay can detect gravity-related immune alterations. Furthermore, the use of multiple stimuli and the associated changes in cytokine secretion has the potential to reveal information on the underlying mechanisms affected by s-μG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Van Walleghem
- 1 Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre , SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium .,2 Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- 1 Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre , SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium .,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Ann Janssen
- 1 Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre , SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Judith-Irina Buchheim
- 4 Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunology," Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Großhadern, University of Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukèr
- 4 Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunology," Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Großhadern, University of Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Baatout
- 1 Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre , SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium .,2 Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- 1 Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre , SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
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Wilson K, Duque DR, Murphy MS, Hawken S, Pham-Huy A, Kwong J, Deeks SL, Potter BK, Crowcroft NS, Bulman DE, Chakraborty P, Little J. T-cell receptor excision circle levels and safety of paediatric immunization: A population-based self-controlled case series analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1378-1391. [PMID: 29420131 PMCID: PMC6037463 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1433971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor excision circle levels are a surrogate marker of T-cell production and immune system function. We sought to determine whether non-pathological levels of infant T-cell receptor excision circles were associated with adverse events following immunization. A self-controlled case series design was applied on a sample of 231,693 children who completed newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in Ontario, Canada between August 2013 and December 2015. Exposures included routinely administered pediatric vaccines up to 15 months of age. Main outcomes were combined health services utilization for recognized adverse events following immunization. 1,406,981 vaccination events were included in the final dataset. 103,007 children received the Pneu-C-13 or Men-C-C vaccine and 97,998 received the MMR vaccine at 12 months of age. 67,725 children received the varicella immunization at 15 months. Our analysis identified no association between newborn T-cell receptor excision circle levels and subsequent health services utilization events following DTa-IPV-Hib, Pneu-C-13, and Men-C-C vaccinations at 2-month (RI 0.94[95%CI 0.87-1.02]), 4-month (RI 0.82[95%CI 0.75-0.9]), 6-month (RI 0.63[95%CI 0.57-0.7]) and 12-month (RI 0.49[95%CI 0.44-0.55]). We also found no trends in health services utilization following MMR (RI 1.43[95%1.34-1.52]) or varicella (RI 1.14[95%CI 1.05-1.23]) vaccination. Our findings provide further support for the safety of pediatric vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumanan Wilson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Malia S.Q Murphy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne Pham-Huy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Kwong
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shelley L. Deeks
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Beth K. Potter
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Dolley S. Big Data's Role in Precision Public Health. Front Public Health 2018; 6:68. [PMID: 29594091 PMCID: PMC5859342 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision public health is an emerging practice to more granularly predict and understand public health risks and customize treatments for more specific and homogeneous subpopulations, often using new data, technologies, and methods. Big data is one element that has consistently helped to achieve these goals, through its ability to deliver to practitioners a volume and variety of structured or unstructured data not previously possible. Big data has enabled more widespread and specific research and trials of stratifying and segmenting populations at risk for a variety of health problems. Examples of success using big data are surveyed in surveillance and signal detection, predicting future risk, targeted interventions, and understanding disease. Using novel big data or big data approaches has risks that remain to be resolved. The continued growth in volume and variety of available data, decreased costs of data capture, and emerging computational methods mean big data success will likely be a required pillar of precision public health into the future. This review article aims to identify the precision public health use cases where big data has added value, identify classes of value that big data may bring, and outline the risks inherent in using big data in precision public health efforts.
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Lipsitch M, Li LM, Patterson S, Trammel J, Juergens C, Gruber WC, Scott DA, Dagan R. Serotype-specific immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among children are significantly correlated by individual: Analysis of randomized controlled trial data. Vaccine 2017; 36:473-478. [PMID: 29248266 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude of an individual's serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been associated with the vaccine's protective efficacy against carriage of pneumococci of that serotype, though the relationship with other serotypes needs to be understood. METHODS Using immunogenicity data collected during a trial comparing the 7-valent (PCV7) and 13-valent (PCV13) vaccines, we measured associations between serotype-specific IgG levels, and used multiple regressions to identify demographic predictors of response. RESULTS Vaccine-induced IgG levels were moderately positively correlated with one another, with pairwise correlation coefficients of 0.40-0.70. Principal component analysis of vaccine-serotype responses yielded one principal component indicating general immune responsiveness, and a second principal component mainly describing responses to serotype 14, which was the least correlated with the other responses. Overall, demographic variables explained only 17.0 and 20.4% of the geometric mean PCV7 and PCV13 responses, respectively. In both groups, older age at the first vaccine dose and shorter time from vaccination to antibody measurement were independently associated with stronger geometric mean responses. DISCUSSION Improved understanding of the nature and causes of variation in immune response may aid in optimizing vaccination schedules and identifying robust correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lipsitch
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lucy M Li
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott Patterson
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1 Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
| | - James Trammel
- inVentiv Health Clinical, 504 Carnegie Center, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Christine Juergens
- Pfizer Vaccine Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Linkstrasse 10, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - William C Gruber
- Pfizer Vaccine Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 401 N Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Daniel A Scott
- Pfizer Vaccine Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 401 N Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Ron Dagan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 85025, Israel
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Moore J, Ahmed H, Jia J, Akondy R, Ahmed R, Antia R. What Controls the Acute Viral Infection Following Yellow Fever Vaccination? Bull Math Biol 2017; 80:46-63. [PMID: 29110131 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Does target cell depletion, innate immunity, or adaptive immunity play the dominant role in controlling primary acute viral infections? Why do some individuals have higher peak virus titers than others? Answering these questions is a basic problem in immunology and can be particularly difficult in humans due to limited data, heterogeneity in responses in different individuals, and limited ability for experimental manipulation. We address these questions for infections following vaccination with the live attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV-17D) by analyzing viral load data from 80 volunteers. Using a mixed effects modeling approach, we find that target cell depletion models do not fit the data as well as innate or adaptive immunity models. Examination of the fits of the innate and adaptive immunity models to the data allows us to select a minimal model that gives improved fits by widely used model selection criteria (AICc and BIC) and explains why it is hard to distinguish between the innate and adaptive immunity models. We then ask why some individuals have over 1000-fold higher virus titers than others and find that most of the variation arises from differences in the initial/maximum growth rate of the virus in different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Moore
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Jia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rama Akondy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Flaherty GT. Getting personal: signalling the genomic era of travel medicine research. J Travel Med 2017; 24:4339136. [PMID: 29088484 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tax067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G T Flaherty
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.,School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Poland GA, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB. Personalized vaccinology: A review. Vaccine 2017; 36:5350-5357. [PMID: 28774561 PMCID: PMC5792371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
At the current time, the field of vaccinology remains empirical in many respects. Vaccine development, vaccine immunogenicity, and vaccine efficacy have, for the most part, historically been driven by an empiric “isolate-inactivate-inject” paradigm. In turn, a population-level public health paradigm of “the same dose for everyone for every disease” model has been the normative thinking in regard to prevention of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. In addition, up until recently, no vaccines had been designed specifically to overcome the immunosenescence of aging, consistent with a post-WWII mentality of developing vaccines and vaccine programs for children. It is now recognized that the current lack of knowledge concerning how immune responses to vaccines are generated is a critical barrier to understanding poor vaccine responses in the elderly and in immunoimmaturity, discovery of new correlates of vaccine immunogenicity (vaccine response biomarkers), and a directed approach to new vaccine development. The new fields of vaccinomics and adversomics provide models that permit global profiling of the innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses integrated at a systems biology level. This has advanced the science beyond that of reductionist scientific approaches by revealing novel interactions between and within the immune system and other biological systems (beyond transcriptional level), which are critical to developing “downstream” adaptive humoral and cellular responses to infectious pathogens and vaccines. Others have applied systems level approaches to the study of antibody responses (a.k.a. “systems serology”), [1] high-dimensional cell subset immunophenotyping through CyTOF, [2,3] and vaccine induced metabolic changes [4]. In turn, this knowledge is being utilized to better understand the following: identifying who is at risk for which infections; the level of risk that exists regarding poor immunogenicity and/or serious adverse events; and the type or dose of vaccine needed to fully protect an individual. In toto, such approaches allow for a personalized approach to the practice of vaccinology, analogous to the substantial inroads that individualized medicine is playing in other fields of human health and medicine. Herein we briefly review the field of vaccinomics, adversomics, and personalized vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - I G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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