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Hernando-Redondo J, Malcampo M, Pérez-Vega KA, Paz-Graniel I, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Pintó X, Arós F, Bautista-Castaño I, Romaguera D, Lapetra J, Ros E, Cueto-Galán R, Fitó M, Castañer O. Mediterranean Diet Modulation of Neuroinflammation-Related Genes in Elderly Adults at High Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2024; 16:3147. [PMID: 39339745 PMCID: PMC11434799 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) often suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Neuroinflammation driven by conditions involved in CVDs is linked to disruptions in the central nervous system triggering immune reactions, perpetuating an "inflammatory-like" environment. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as a key factor to attenuate these risks. Blood nuclear cell samples were collected from 134 participants of the PREDIMED trial, which randomized participants to three diets: one supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet-EVOO), another with nuts (MedDiet-Nuts), and a low-fat control diet. These samples were analyzed at baseline and 12-month follow-up to assess the impact of these dietary interventions on gene expression markers. We first selected target genes by analyzing intersections between NDD and CVD associations. Significant gene expression changes from baseline to 12 months were observed in the participants allocated to the MedDiet-EVOO, particularly in CDKN2A, IFNG, NLRP3, PIK3CB, and TGFB2. Additionally, TGFB2 expression changed over time in the MedDiet-Nuts group. Comparative analyses showed significant differences in TGFB2 between MedDiet-EVOO and control, and in NAMPT between MedDiet-Nuts and control. Longitudinal models adjusted for different covariates also revealed significant effects for TGFB2 and NAMPT. In conclusion, our results suggest that one year of traditional MedDiet, especially MedDiet-EVOO, modulates gene expression associated with CVD risk and NDDs in older adults at high CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernando-Redondo
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08024 Barcelona, Spain (O.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Malcampo
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08024 Barcelona, Spain (O.C.)
| | - Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08024 Barcelona, Spain (O.C.)
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Departament of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Departament of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 46010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Cardiology Department, Organización Sanitaria Integrada Araba (OSI ARABA), University Hospital of Araba, 01009 Gasteiz, Spain
- University of País Vasco/Euskal Herria Unibersitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño
- Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Research Group in Nutritional Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unity, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 46010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Cueto-Galán
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-R.); (K.A.P.-V.); (I.P.-G.); (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (F.A.); (E.R.)
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08024 Barcelona, Spain (O.C.)
| | - Olga Castañer
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08024 Barcelona, Spain (O.C.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Parenti M, Slupsky CM. Disrupted Prenatal Metabolism May Explain the Etiology of Suboptimal Neurodevelopment: A Focus on Phthalates and Micronutrients and their Relationship to Autism Spectrum Disorder. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100279. [PMID: 39059765 PMCID: PMC11375317 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a time of high metabolic coordination, as maternal metabolism adapts to support the growing fetus. Many of these changes are coordinated by the placenta, a critical fetal endocrine organ and the site of maternal-fetal crosstalk. Dysregulation in maternal and placental metabolism during pregnancy has been linked to adverse outcomes, including altered neurodevelopment. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder linked to metabolic alterations in both children and their mothers. Prenatal environmental exposures have been linked to risk of ASD through dysregulated maternal, placental, and fetal metabolism. In this review, we focus on recent studies investigating the associations between prenatal metabolism in the maternal-placental-fetal unit and the impact of prenatal environmental exposures to phthalates and micronutrients on ASD risk. By identifying the mechanisms through which phthalates and other ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals influence development, and how nutritional interventions can impact those mechanisms, we can identify promising ways to prevent suboptimal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Kpeli GW, Conrad KM, Bralower W, Byrne CE, Boue SM, Burow ME, Mondrinos MJ. Xenohormetic Phytochemicals Inhibit Neovascularization in Microphysiological Models of Vasculogenesis and Tumor Angiogenesis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300480. [PMID: 38831745 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Xenohormesis proposes that phytochemicals produced to combat stressors in the host plant exert biochemical effects in animal cells lacking cognate receptors. Xenohormetic phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phytoalexins modulate a range of human cell signaling mechanisms but functional correlations with human pathophysiology are lacking. Here, potent inhibitory effects of grapefruit-derived Naringenin (Nar) and soybean-derived Glyceollins (Gly) in human microphysiological models of bulk tissue vasculogenesis and tumor angiogenesis are reported. Despite this interference of vascular morphogenesis, Nar and Gly are not cytotoxic to endothelial cells and do not prevent cell cycle entry. The anti-vasculogenic effects of Glyceollin are significantly more potent in sex-matched female (XX) models. Nar and Gly do not decrease viability or expression of proangiogenic genes in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell spheroids, suggesting that inhibition of sprouting angiogenesis by Nar and Gly in a MPS model of the (TNBC) microenvironment are mediated via direct effects in endothelial cells. The study supports further research of Naringenin and Glyceollin as health-promoting agents with special attention to mechanisms of action in vascular endothelial cells and the role of biological sex, which can improve the understanding of dietary nutrition and the pharmacology of phytochemical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wills Kpeli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - K Michael Conrad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - William Bralower
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - C Ethan Byrne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Stephen M Boue
- Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mark J Mondrinos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Excellence in Sex-based Biology and Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Shustorovich A, Corroon J, Wallace MS, Sexton M. Biphasic effects of cannabis and cannabinoid therapy on pain severity, anxiety, and sleep disturbance: a scoping review. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2024; 25:387-399. [PMID: 38268491 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabinoids are being used by patients to help with chronic pain management and to address the 2 primary chronic pain comorbidities of anxiety and sleep disturbance. It is necessary to understand the biphasic effects of cannabinoids to improve treatment of this symptom triad. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to identify whether biphasic effects of cannabinoids on pain severity, anxiolysis, and sleep disturbance have been reported. The search included the Embase, Biosis, and Medline databases of clinical literature published between 1970 and 2021. The inclusion criteria were (1) adults more than 18 years of age, (2) data or discussion of dose effects associated with U-shaped or linear dose responses, and (3) measurements of pain and/or anxiety and/or sleep disturbance. Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers (with a third reviewer used as a tiebreaker) and subjected to a thematic analysis. RESULTS After the database search and study eligibility assessment, 44 publications met the final criteria for review. Eighteen publications that specifically provided information on dose response were included in the final synthesis: 9 related to pain outcomes, 7 measuring anxiety, and 2 reporting sleep effects. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review reports on biphasic effects of cannabinoids related to pain, sleep, and anxiety. Dose-response relationships are present, but we found gaps in the current literature with regard to biphasic effects of cannabinoids in humans. There is a lack of prospective research in humans exploring this specific relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shustorovich
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, NJ 08820, United States
| | - Jamie Corroon
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Mark S Wallace
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92037, United States
| | - Michelle Sexton
- Department of Family Medicine, Centers for Integrative Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
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Baron G, Altomare A, Della Vedova L, Gado F, Quagliano O, Casati S, Tosi N, Bresciani L, Del Rio D, Roda G, D'Amato A, Lammi C, Macorano A, Vittorio S, Vistoli G, Fumagalli L, Carini M, Leone A, Marino M, Del Bo' C, Miotto G, Ursini F, Morazzoni P, Aldini G. Unraveling the parahormetic mechanism underlying the health-protecting effects of grapeseed procyanidins. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102981. [PMID: 38104483 PMCID: PMC10770607 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs), the predominant constituents within Grape Seed Extract (GSE), are intricate compounds composed of interconnected flavan-3-ol units. Renowned for their health-affirming properties, PACs offer a shield against a spectrum of inflammation associated diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, degenerations and possibly cancer. While monomeric and dimeric PACs undergo some absorption within the gastrointestinal tract, their larger oligomeric and polymeric counterparts are not bioavailable. However, higher molecular weight PACs engage with the colonic microbiota, fostering the production of bioavailable metabolites that undergo metabolic processes, culminating in the emergence of bioactive agents capable of modulating physiological processes. Within this investigation, a GSE enriched with polymeric PACs was employed to explore in detail their impact. Through comprehensive analysis, the present study unequivocally verified the gastrointestinal-mediated transformation of medium to high molecular weight polymeric PACs, thereby establishing the bioaccessibility of a principal catabolite termed 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (VL). Notably, our findings, encompassing cell biology, chemistry and proteomics, converge to the proposal of the notion of the capacity of VL to activate, upon oxidation to the corresponding quinone, the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-an intricate process that incites cellular defenses and mitigates stress-induced responses, such as a challenge brought by TNFα. This mechanistic paradigm seamlessly aligns with the concept of para-hormesis, ultimately orchestrating the resilience to stress and the preservation of cellular redox equilibrium and homeostasis as benchmarks of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - L Della Vedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - F Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - O Quagliano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - N Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - L Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - D Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - G Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A D'Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - C Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Macorano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Vittorio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - L Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - C Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - F Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - P Morazzoni
- Divisione Nutraceutica, Distillerie Umberto Bonollo S.p.A, 35035, Mestrino, Italy
| | - G Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Piršelová B, Galuščáková Ľ, Lengyelová L, Kubová V, Jandová V, Hegrová J. Assessment of the Hormetic Effect of Arsenic on Growth and Physiology of Two Cultivars of Maize ( Zea mays L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3433. [PMID: 36559544 PMCID: PMC9781677 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although growth stimulation at low arsenic doses was observed in several plants, few studies have focused on this phenomenon in more detail. The effects of different concentrations of arsenic (0-50 mg kg-1 of soil: As0-As50) on the growth and selected physiological parameters of two maize cultivars (Zea mays L. cvs. Chapalu and MvNK 333) were tested. Cultivar MvNK 333 manifested a generally higher tolerance to As than cv. Chapalu, which may be related to the lower content of As in the tissues. The highest stimulatory effect of As was recorded at doses of As1 and As2 (cv. Chapalu), and at the As5 dose (MvNK 333), there was an increase in shoot elongation, biomass, and relative water content (RWC), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments. The stimulatory effect of lower doses of As apparently represents an adaptation mechanism that is associated with water content regulation in the given conditions. The stomata of the studied cultivars were involved in this regulation in different ways. While cv. Chapalu exhibited increased numbers of stomata on both sides of leaves, cv. MvNK 333 instead responded to the given conditions with decreased stomata size. Although hormetic manifestations closely related to changes in stomatal number and size were observed, a typical stomatal hormetic response was not observed in the given range of As doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Piršelová
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Galuščáková
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Libuša Lengyelová
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kubová
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vilma Jandová
- Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hegrová
- Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Metabolites of De Novo Purine Synthesis: Metabolic Regulators and Cytotoxic Compounds. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121210. [PMID: 36557247 PMCID: PMC9788633 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity of de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) metabolites is critical to the pathogenesis of three known and one putative autosomal recessive disorder affecting DNPS. These rare disorders are caused by biallelic mutations in the DNPS genes phosphoribosylformylglycineamidine synthase (PFAS), phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxylase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (PAICS), adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), and aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC) and are clinically characterized by developmental abnormalities, psychomotor retardation, and nonspecific neurological impairment. At a biochemical level, loss of function of specific mutated enzymes results in elevated levels of DNPS ribosides in body fluids. The main pathogenic effect is attributed to the accumulation of DNPS ribosides, which are postulated to be toxic to the organism. Therefore, we decided to characterize the uptake and flux of several DNPS metabolites in HeLa cells and the impact of DNPS metabolites to viability of cancer cell lines and primary skin fibroblasts. We treated cells with DNPS metabolites and followed their flux in purine synthesis and degradation. In this study, we show for the first time the transport of formylglycinamide ribotide (FGAR), aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR), succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (SAICAR), and aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) into cells and their flux in DNPS and the degradation pathway. We found diminished cell viability mostly in the presence of FGAR and AIR. Our results suggest that direct cellular toxicity of DNPS metabolites may not be the primary pathogenetic mechanism in these disorders.
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Pham DN, Sokolov EP, Falfushynska H, Sokolova IM. Gone with sunscreens: Responses of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) to a wide concentration range of a UV filter ensulizole. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136736. [PMID: 36209850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters have emerged as a new threat to marine organisms, but ecotoxicological studies have so far focused on only a few substances despite the chemical diversity of these synthetic sunscreen agents. Here we examined the responses of blue mussels Mytilus edulis to ensulizole, a non-lipophilic UV filter commonly found in the Baltic Sea. Mussels were exposed for three weeks to five ensulizole concentrations of 10, 102, 103, 104, and 105 ng/L. Stress on stress response was evaluated by subjecting mussels to air exposure. A battery of biomarkers related to detoxification and antioxidant defense, oxidative stress damage, energy reserves and metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage was measured in the gills and the digestive gland. In general, ensulizole affected the antioxidant response, energy storage, and cell death-related processes in mussel tissues. Mussels exposed to low, environmentally relevant concentrations of ensulizole had a shorter air survival time than the control. Ensulizole often showed the non-monotonic concentration-response curves, suggesting the complex effects of this UV filter at molecular, biochemical, and organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Nghia Pham
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research, Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Human Health, Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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9
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D’Elia L, Masulli M, Cappuccio FP, Zarrella AF, Strazzullo P, Galletti F. Dietary Potassium Intake and Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224785. [PMID: 36432472 PMCID: PMC9697076 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dietary potassium intake is positively associated with reduction of cardiovascular risk. Several data are available on the relationship between dietary potassium intake, diabetes risk and glucose metabolism, but with inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies that explored the effect of dietary potassium intake on the risk of diabetes to overcome these limitations. (2) Methods: A random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was carried out for prospective studies. A potential non-linear relation was investigated using restricted cubic splines. (3) Results: A total of seven prospective studies met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response analysis detected a non-linear relationship between dietary potassium intake and diabetes risk, with significant inverse association starting from 2900 mg/day by questionnaire and between 2000 and 5000 mg/day by urinary excretion. There was high heterogeneity among studies, but no evidence of publication bias was found. (4) Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that habitual dietary potassium consumption is associated with risk of diabetes by a non-linear dose-response relationship. The beneficial threshold found supports the campaigns in favour of an increase in dietary potassium intake to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. Further studies should be carried out to explore this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D’Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Cappuccio
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Aquilino F. Zarrella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
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10
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Pande S, Raisuddin S. The Underexplored Dimensions of Nutritional Hormesis. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:386-394. [PMID: 35723856 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hormesis is biphasic response wherein low and high doses of chemical and nutrient confer beneficial and toxic effects respectively, typically in a U-shaped manner. Hormesis is intricately related to bioenergetic state of a cell, and therefore, nutrition impacts it. Excessive nutrition can halt the endogenous antioxidant synthesis leading to cytotoxic effects. While low and optimum doses of the same bring about hormetic stimulation that can exalt the antioxidant response and reduce susceptibility towards degenerative diseases. The sirtuin family of proteins is triggered by mild stress of calorie restriction and exerts hormesis. Similarly, several phytochemicals and micronutrients are known to bring about health benefits at optimum dose and deleterious effects at high doses. Despite this attribute, nutritional hormesis is not very well researched upon because the magnitude of hormetic effect observed is generally quite modest. There is no precise regulation of optimal intake of certain foods to witness hormesis and no characterization of any biomarker that reports stress responses at various doses above or below optimal intakes. There is a major gap in research between nutrition and hormesis being affected by sirtuin family of proteins, phytochemicals, and micronutrients. RECENT FINDINGS Mild stress of calorie restriction elevates sirtuin protein and effect of sirtuin protein on hormesis has been recently reported. More foods that enhance sirtuin protein, phytochemicals, and micronutrients need to be explored in relation to hormesis and associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Pande
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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11
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Bertuccio MP, Currò M, Caccamo D, Ientile R. Dietary Intake and Genetic Background Influence Vitamin Needs during Pregnancy. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050768. [PMID: 35627905 PMCID: PMC9141544 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous approaches demonstrate how nutritional intake can be sufficient to ensure the necessary supply of vitamins. However, it is evident that not all vitamins are contained in all foods, so it is necessary either to combine different food groups or to use a vitamin supplement to be well-fed. During pregnancy, deficiencies are often exacerbated due to increased energy and nutritional demands, causing adverse outcomes in mother and child. Micronutrient supplementation could lead to optimal pregnancy outcomes being essential for proper metabolic activities that are involved in tissue growth and functioning in the developing fetus. In order to establish adequate vitamin supplementation, various conditions should be considered, such as metabolism, nutrition and genetic elements. This review accurately evaluated vitamin requirements and possible toxic effects during pregnancy. Much attention was given to investigate the mechanisms of cell response and risk assessment of practical applications to improve quality of life. Importantly, genetic studies suggest that common allelic variants and polymorphisms may play an important role in vitamin metabolism during pregnancy. Changes in gene expression of different proteins involved in micronutrients’ metabolism may influence the physiological needs of the pregnant woman.
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12
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Fluoride Metabolism in Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040324. [PMID: 35448511 PMCID: PMC9032535 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies use biomarkers of fluoride exposure in pregnant women as surrogate measures of fetal fluoride exposure; however, there is little understanding of how pregnancy affects fluoride metabolism and its biomarkers. This narrative review summarizes the changes of pregnancy that have the potential to impact fluoride’s absorption, distribution and excretion, and highlights the limited body of evidence on the topic. The physiologic systems that experience pregnancy-associated changes relevant to fluoride’s metabolism are the cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and gastrointestinal, as well bone and calcium metabolism and the body’s acid-base balance. The available evidence indicates that fluoride is found in the maternal plasma and urine, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetus. Although plasma and urinary fluoride vary across gestation, there is insufficient quality evidence to determine the direction or extent of such variation. Furthermore, there is no doubt that fluoride from maternal blood crosses the placenta and is absorbed and excreted by the fetus; however, the biological mechanisms behind this placental passage are unknown. Research on maternal and prenatal biomarkers of fluoride exposure would benefit from studies on how pregnancy-associated changes affect the metabolism of fluoride across gestation, the mechanisms for the intestinal absorption of fluoride in pregnant women, and the placental passage of fluoride.
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13
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Shahbaz SK, Koushki K, Sathyapalan T, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. PLGA-Based Curcumin Delivery System: An Interesting Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:309-323. [PMID: 34429054 PMCID: PMC9413791 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210823103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration and dysfunction of the nervous system because of oxidative stress, aggregations of misfolded proteins, and neuroinflammation are the key pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder driven by uncontrolled extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the amyloid plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol with noticeable neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is widely studied for the alleviation of inflammatory and neurological disorders. However, the clinical application of curcumin is limited due to its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Recently, nano-based curcumin delivery systems are developed to overcome these limitations effectively. This review article discusses the effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Koushki
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- BARUiotechnol Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Daily Intake and Serum Levels of Copper, Selenium and Zinc According to Glucose Metabolism: Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114044. [PMID: 34836302 PMCID: PMC8622420 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements play an important role in metabolism. We compared the daily intake and serum concentrations of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) across a spectrum of glucose tolerance status in a representative U.S. population. Daily intake and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Se in 5087 adults from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined and compared to normal (NGT) and abnormal (AGT) glucose tolerance and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Other than Zn deficiency (21.15%), the prevalence of Zn, Se, and Cu excess and Se and Cu deficiency were low (<4.00%). As compared to the NGT group, Cu and Se supplementation was higher in the AGT and DM groups (p < 0.0001 for all). Serum Se and Zn, but not Cu, concentrations were highly correlated with daily intake (p < 0.0001 for both). As compared to the NGT group, serum Cu concentration was highest in the AGT group (p = 0.03), serum Se concentration was highest in the DM group (p < 0.0001), and serum Zn concentration was highest in the AGT group (p < 0.0001). Serum Se and Zn concentration was correlated with daily Se and Zn intake. Even within the reference range for serum Cu, Se, and Zn concentrations, a higher serum concentration of Cu, Se, and Zn was associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. Although the casual relationship remains to be elucidated, these data suggest caution in Cu, Se and Zn supplementation in non-deficient individuals.
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15
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Caldo-Silva A, Furtado GE, Chupel MU, Letieri RV, Valente PA, Farhang M, Barros MP, Bachi ALL, Marzetti E, Teixeira AM, Massart A. Effect of a 40-weeks multicomponent exercise program and branched chain amino acids supplementation on functional fitness and mental health in frail older persons. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111592. [PMID: 34655703 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing process implies several physiological and psychological changes that hence affect the general health, mood states, and quality of life of older persons. Exercise and adequate nutrition are renowned non-pharmacological strategies that significantly delay and alleviate the adverse consequences of the ageing process. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation and a multicomponent exercise program (ME) on the physical frailty and mood states of older persons. METHODS 35 participants (women and men; 83 ± 3 years old) from residential care homes were submitted to a 40-week exercise-washout-retraining intervention (16 weeks of the elastic band based exercise and/or supplementation, 8 weeks of washout, and 16 weeks of multicomponent exercise and/or resupplementing), with or without BCAA supplementation. The experimental groups were: (i) ME plus BCAA supplementation (ME+BCAA); (ii) ME; (iii) BCAA supplementation (BCAA), and (iv) control group (CG). Fried's phenotype was used to assess frailty prevalence. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Profile of Mood State (POMS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were used to access mental health and cognition. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to access functional capacity. Salivary testosterone levels (ST) were also determined to access the anabolic effects of the intervention. RESULTS Exercise was effective in improving functional capacity and prevented the increase in frailty that occurred in the non-exercising CG, where the frailty scores increased over time (p < 0.01). BCAAs supplement alone had no impact on functional fitness, but in a short time (16 weeks) contributed to diminishing frailty and combined with exercise may have the potential to reduce the effect of a detraining period on functional capacity. Salivary testosterone levels correlated with handgrip strength and could be a useful indicator of susceptibility to frailty. No effects were found for mood states, cognition, and depression. CONCLUSION This study showed that a long-term exercise program, independent of being multicomponent or strength elastic band-based, was effective in improving functional capacity and prevented an increase in frailty in frail and pre-frail older persons living in residential care homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Caldo-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity CIDAF, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity CIDAF, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Guarda - Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Portugal.
| | - Matheus Uba Chupel
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity CIDAF, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal; Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (Campus Xanxerê), Brazil
| | - Rubens Vinicius Letieri
- Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil; Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Multidisciplinary Research Nucleus in Physical Education (NIMEF), Physical Education Department, Avenida Nossa Senhora de Fátima, 1558, Centro, 77900-000 Tocantinópolis, TO, Brazil
| | - Pedro Afonso Valente
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity CIDAF, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maryam Farhang
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo P Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity CIDAF, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alain Massart
- University of Coimbra, Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity CIDAF, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal.
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16
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Secci R, Hartmann A, Walter M, Grabe HJ, Van der Auwera-Palitschka S, Kowald A, Palmer D, Rimbach G, Fuellen G, Barrantes I. Biomarkers of geroprotection and cardiovascular health: An overview of omics studies and established clinical biomarkers in the context of diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2426-2446. [PMID: 34648415 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1975638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The slowdown, inhibition, or reversal of age-related decline (as a composite of disease, dysfunction, and, ultimately, death) by diet or natural compounds can be defined as dietary geroprotection. While there is no single reliable biomarker to judge the effects of dietary geroprotection, biomarker signatures based on omics (epigenetics, gene expression, microbiome composition) are promising candidates. Recently, omic biomarkers started to supplement established clinical ones such as lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we focus on human data. We first summarize the current take on genetic biomarkers based on epidemiological studies. However, most of the remaining biomarkers that we describe, whether omics-based or clinical, are related to intervention studies. Then, because of their promising potential in the context of dietary geroprotection, we focus on the effects of berry-based interventions, which up to now have been mostly described employing clinical markers. We provide an aggregation and tabulation of all the recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses that we could find related to this topic. Finally, we present evidence for the importance of the "nutribiography," that is, the influence that an individual's history of diet and natural compound consumption can have on the effects of dietary geroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Secci
- Junior Research Group Translational Bioinformatics, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charite University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera-Palitschka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Kowald
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Israel Barrantes
- Junior Research Group Translational Bioinformatics, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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17
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D'Elia L, Dinu M, Sofi F, Volpe M, Strazzullo P. 100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2449-2467. [PMID: 33150530 PMCID: PMC8275541 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between 100% fruit juice (100%FJ) consumption and cardiovascular risk is object of debate: indeed, recently published investigations provided new but discrepant evidence on this important question and International dietary guidelines are not in agreement on recommendations about fruit juice consumption. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies and the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the relationship between 100%FJ intake, cardiovascular risk profile and risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS We performed a systematic search of publications up to August 2019. Summary relative risks and exploration of linearity of the association were estimated for prospective studies and summary mean differences (MDs) calculated for RCTs. RESULTS A total of 21 prospective studies and 35 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response analysis detected a significant inverse association between low-moderate 100%FJ consumption and risk of stroke (up to 200 ml/day) or total CV events (up to 170 ml/day) compared with no consumption, with a non-linear relationship (p for non-linearity < 0.05). No significant association was found for coronary heart disease and diabetes risk. In RCTs, a favorable and significant effect of 100%FJ intake was detected on blood pressure (systolic, MD: - 3.14 mmHg; diastolic, MD: - 1.68 mmHg), arterial compliance (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, - 0.38 m/s) and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, 2.10%). Neutral effects were found on body weight, blood lipids and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The results of these analyses indicate that 100%FJ consumption is not associated with higher CV risk. A non-linear inverse dose-response relationship occurs between 100%FJ consumption and CV disease, in particular for risk of stroke, probably mediated by the decrease in blood pressure. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number (CRD42019135577).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D'Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Centre of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5. 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ESH Excellence Centre of Hypertension, "Federico II" University of Naples Medical School, Via S. Pansini, 5. 80131, Naples, Italy
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18
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Kar N, Gupta D, Bellare J. Ethanol affects fibroblast behavior differentially at low and high doses: A comprehensive, dose-response evaluation. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1054-1066. [PMID: 34307054 PMCID: PMC8296147 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol exhibits hormetic response in terms of cellular activity. 1 % (v/v) ethanol concentration demarcates non-toxic and toxic range. Different types of mitochondrial impairment identified at high dose. Cellular toxicity is accompanied by an increase in cellular stiffness. Dose-dependent cellular stress response to toxicity is observed.
This study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of effects of low and high doses of ethanol on cellular biochemistry and morphology. Here, fibroblast cells are exposed to ethanol of varied concentrations [0.005−10 % (v/v)] to investigate cellular activity, cytoskeletal organization, cellular stiffness, mitochondrial structure, and real-time behavior. Our results indicate a sharp difference in cellular behavior above and below 1 % ethanol concentration. A two-fold increase in MTT activity at low doses is observed, whereas at high doses it decreases. This increased activity at low doses does not involve cell proliferation changes or mitochondrial impairment, as seen at higher doses. Moreover, the study identifies different types of mitochondrial structure impairment at high doses. Morphologically, cells demonstrate a gradual change in cytoskeletal organization and an increase in cell stiffness with increase in doses. Cells exhibit adaptation to sub-toxic doses of ethanol, wherein recovery from ethanol-induced stress is a dose-dependent phenomenon. Cell survival at low doses and toxicity at higher doses are attributed to mild and strong oxidative stress, respectively. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of dose-dependent effects of ethanol, manifesting its biphasic or hormetic response, biochemically, at low doses and illustrating its toxicological effects at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Kar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India.,Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
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19
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Cladis DP, Simpson AMR, Cooper KJ, Nakatsu CH, Ferruzzi MG, Weaver CM. Blueberry polyphenols alter gut microbiota & phenolic metabolism in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:2442-2456. [PMID: 33629093 PMCID: PMC8011555 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consuming polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables, including blueberries, is associated with beneficial health outcomes. Interest in enhancing polyphenol intakes via dietary supplements has grown, though differences in fruit versus supplement matrix on gut microbiota and ultimate phenolic metabolism to bioactive metabolites are unknown. To evaluate this, 5-month-old, ovariectomized, Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged for 90 d with a purified extract of blueberry polyphenols (0, 50, 250, or 1000 mg total polyphenols per kg bw per d) or lyophilized blueberries (50 mg total polyphenols per kg bw per d, equivalent to 150 g fresh blueberries per day in humans). Urine, feces, and tissues were assessed for gut microbiota and phenolic metabolism. Significant dose- and food matrix-dependent effects were observed at all endpoints measured. Gut microbial populations showed increased diversity at moderate doses but decreased diversity at high doses. Urinary phenolic metabolites were primarily observed as microbially derived metabolites and underwent extensive host xenobiotic phase II metabolism. Thus, blueberry polyphenols in fruit and supplements induce differences in gut microbial communities and phenolic metabolism, which may alter intended health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Cladis
- Dept. of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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20
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Penniston KL, Knoll T. Diätetische Aspekte der Urolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-62454-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Effect of cyanocobalamin on oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization, and embryo development in mice. ZYGOTE 2020; 29:161-168. [PMID: 33327975 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199420000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cyanocobalamin supplementation on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and subsequent embryonic development competence to the blastocyst stage, and in vitro development of mouse 2-cell embryos. Cumulus cells were prepared from mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and incubated for 24 h in an in vitro culture (IVC) medium that contained different concentrations of cyanocobalamin (100, 200, 300 or 500 pM). We collected 2-cell embryos from superovulated NMRI mice and cultured them in the same concentrations of cyanocobalamin (100, 200, 300 or 500 pM). After 42 h of IVM, we observed significantly increased oocyte maturation in the 200 pM cyanocobalamin-treated group compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). Mature oocytes cultured in 200 pM cyanocobalamin were fertilized and cultured in IVC medium with cyanocobalamin (100, 200, 300 or 500 pM) during early embryogenesis. The matured oocytes that were cultured in 200 pM cyanocobalamin had significantly higher 2-cell development rates compared with the control oocytes (P < 0.01). Embryos obtained from in vitro mature oocytes and in vivo fertilized oocytes that were cultured in 200 pM cyanocobalamin had significantly greater frequencies of development to the blastocyst stage and a significant reduction in 2-cell blocked and degenerated embryos compared with the control embryos (P < 0.0001). Embryos derived from oocytes fertilized in vivo with 200 pM cyanocobalamin had a higher percentage of blastocyst embryos compared with those derived from matured oocytes cultured in vitro (P < 0.0001). These finding demonstrated that the effects of cyanocobalamin on oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in mice depend on the concentration used in IVC medium.
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22
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Doroški A, Klaus A, Kozarski M, Cvetković S, Nikolić B, Jakovljević D, Tomasevic I, Vunduk J, Lazić V, Djekic I. The influence of grape pomace substrate on quality characterization of
Pleurotus ostreatus
—Total quality index approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Doroški
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Anita Klaus
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Maja Kozarski
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | | | | | - Dragica Jakovljević
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jovana Vunduk
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Vesna Lazić
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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23
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Low Dose Astaxanthin Treatments Trigger the Hormesis of Human Astroglioma Cells by Up-Regulating the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Down-Regulated the Tumor Suppressor Protein P53. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100434. [PMID: 33086722 PMCID: PMC7590133 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a xanthophyll carotenoid known to have potent anti-cancer effects via upregulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which triggers apoptosis of cancer cells. While several studies have shown that AXT has potential as an anti-cancer drug, its effects in glioblastoma multiforme cells remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of AXT in the astroglioma cell lines U251-MG, T98G, and CRT-MG. We found that the response to AXT varied between cell lines. Moreover, U251-MG cells showed a specific hormetic response to AXT. At high concentrations (20–40 μM), AXT triggered apoptosis in U251-MG cells, as it has been previously shown in other cancer cell lines. However, low concentrations (4–8 μM) of AXT were found to upregulate the proliferative cell cycle. Furthermore, at low concentrations, AXT did not affect the intracellular ROS levels, while the superoxide dismutase activity increased moderately. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with a low concentration of AXT upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 and p-Cdk2/3 levels and downregulated the expression of tumor protein p53. Thus, our results showed that AXT has a hormetic effect in the astroglioma cell line U251-MG.
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24
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhu S. Transcriptomic-based toxicological investigations of ethanol to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:736-744. [PMID: 33058231 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol has a complex effect on the cardiovascular system in humans, but the systemic effects of ethanol to endothelial cells were rarely investigated. In this study, we exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 5- or 50-mM ethanol and performed transcriptomics to investigate the systemic effects of ethanol. While these concentrations of ethanol did not significantly affect HUVEC viability, 5-mM ethanol significantly upregulated and downregulated 59 and 73 genes, respectively, whereas 50-mM ethanol significantly upregulated and downregulated 50 and 80 genes, respectively. Totally, 37 genes were shared by the two concentrations of ethanol. The most significantly altered gene ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway after 5-mM ethanol treatment were nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676) and Herpes simplex virus 1 infection (ko05168), respectively, whereas the most significantly altered GO term and KEGG pathway by 50-mM ethanol treatment were aryl sulfotransferase activity (GO:0004062) and chemical carcinogenesis (ko05204). We further verified that ethanol treatment downregulated the mRNA levels of CD38 molecule (CD38), ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 2 (ORAI2), cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2), key genes involved in calcium signaling pathway (ko04020), as well as integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2), and cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2 (CREB3L2), key genes involved in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (ko04151). The results from this study suggested that ethanol could induce systemic effects and alter signaling pathways in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Department of Food science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Brewing Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Department of Food science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, China
| | - Sijie Zhu
- Department of Food science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, China
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25
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Kuraszkiewicz B, Goszczyńska H, Podsiadły-Marczykowska T, Piotrkiewicz M, Andersen P, Gromicho M, Grosskreutz J, Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M, Petri S, Stubbendorf B, Szacka K, Uysal H, de Carvalho M. Potential Preventive Strategies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:428. [PMID: 32528241 PMCID: PMC7264408 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It may seem useless to propose preventive measures for a disease without established pathogenesis and successful therapy, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, we will show that ALS shares essential molecular mechanisms with aging and that established anti-aging strategies, such as healthy diet or individually adjusted exercise, may be successfully applied to ameliorate the condition of ALS patients. These strategies might be applied for prevention if persons at ALS risk could be identified early enough. Recent research advances indicate that this may happen soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kuraszkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Goszczyńska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Podsiadły-Marczykowska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Piotrkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Gromicho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Grosskreutz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - S Petri
- Clinic for Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - B Stubbendorf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - K Szacka
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Uysal
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Matsumura T, Uryu O, Matsuhisa F, Tajiri K, Matsumoto H, Hayakawa Y. N-acetyl-l-tyrosine is an intrinsic triggering factor of mitohormesis in stressed animals. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49211. [PMID: 32118349 PMCID: PMC10563448 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Under stress conditions, mitochondria release low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggers a cytoprotective response, called "mitohormesis". It still remains unclear how mitochondria respond to stress-derived stimuli and release a low level of ROS. Here, we show that N-acetyl-l-tyrosine (NAT) functions as a plausible intrinsic factor responsible for these tasks in stressed animals. NAT is present in the blood or hemolymph of healthy animals, and its concentrations increase in response to heat stress. Pretreatment with NAT significantly increases the stress tolerance of tested insects and mice. Analyses using Drosophila larvae and cultured cells demonstrate that the hormetic effects are triggered by transient NAT-induced perturbation of mitochondria, which causes a small increase in ROS production and leads to sequential retrograde responses: NAT-dependent FoxO activation increases in the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and Keap1. Moreover, we find that NAT represses tumor growth, possibly via the activation of Keap1. In sum, we propose that NAT is a vital endogenous molecule that could serve as a triggering factor for mitohormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsumura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural SciencesKagoshima UniversityKagoshimaJapan
| | - Outa Uryu
- Department of Applied Biological SciencesSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Fumikazu Matsuhisa
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental SciencesSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Keiji Tajiri
- Department of Applied Biological SciencesSaga UniversitySagaJapan
- Present address:
Fuji Environment Service Co., Kansai BranchKyotoJapan
| | | | - Yoichi Hayakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural SciencesKagoshima UniversityKagoshimaJapan
- Department of Applied Biological SciencesSaga UniversitySagaJapan
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27
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van den Brandt PA, Brandts L. Alcohol consumption in later life and reaching longevity: the Netherlands Cohort Study. Age Ageing 2020; 49:395-402. [PMID: 32037449 PMCID: PMC7187870 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND whether light-to-moderate alcohol intake is related to reduced mortality remains a subject of intense research and controversy. There are very few studies available on alcohol and reaching longevity. METHODS we investigated the relationship of alcohol drinking characteristics with the probability to reach 90 years of age. Analyses were conducted using data from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Participants born in 1916-1917 (n = 7,807) completed a questionnaire in 1986 (age 68-70 years) and were followed up for vital status until the age of 90 years (2006-07). Multivariable Cox regression analyses with fixed follow-up time were based on 5,479 participants with complete data to calculate risk ratios (RRs) of reaching longevity (age 90 years). RESULTS we found statistically significant positive associations between baseline alcohol intake and the probability of reaching 90 years in both men and women. Overall, the highest probability of reaching 90 was found in those consuming 5- < 15 g/d alcohol, with RR = 1.36 (95% CI, 1.20-1.55) when compared with abstainers. The exposure-response relationship was significantly non-linear in women, but not in men. Wine intake was positively associated with longevity (notably in women), whereas liquor was positively associated with longevity in men and inversely in women. Binge drinking pointed towards an inverse relationship with longevity. Alcohol intake was associated with longevity in those without and with a history of selected diseases. CONCLUSIONS the highest probability of reaching 90 years was found for those drinking 5- < 15 g alcohol/day. Although not significant, the risk estimates also indicate to avoid binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lloyd Brandts
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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28
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Keshavarzi M, Khodaei F, Siavashpour A, Saeedi A, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. Hormesis Effects of Nano- and Micro-sized Copper Oxide. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:2042-2054. [PMID: 32184868 PMCID: PMC7059066 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.13971.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concerns about the possible risk of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) have been raised recently. Nano- and micro-sized copper oxide (CO and CONP) are widely used in many industries. In this regard, in-vitro studies have demonstrated that CONP is a toxic compound in different cell lines. Despite their unique properties, NPs possess unexpected toxicity profiling relative to the bulk materials. This study was designed to examine and compare the toxic effects of CO and CONPs in-vivo and in isolated rat mitochondria. Male Wistar albino rats received 50 to 1000 mg/kg CO or CONP by gavage and several toxicological endpoints including biochemical indices and oxidative stress markers. Then, the pathological parameters in the multiple organs such as liver, brain, spleen, kidney, and intestine were assessed. Mitochondria were isolated from the rat liver and several mitochondrial indices were measured. The results of this study demonstrated that CO and CONP exhibited biphasic dose-response effects. CONPs showed higher toxicity compared with the bulk material. There were no significant changes in the results of CONP and CO in isolated rat liver mitochondria. The present studies provided more information regarding the hormetic effects of CO and CONPs in-vivo and in isolated rat mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Siavashpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arastoo Saeedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Abstract
Generation of the autacoid all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) from retinol (vitamin A) relies on a complex metabolon that includes retinol binding-proteins and enzymes from the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene families. Serum retinol binding-protein delivers all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) from blood to cells through two membrane receptors, Stra6 and Rbpr2. Stra6 and Rbpr2 convey retinol to cellular retinol binding-protein type 1 (Crbp1). Holo-Crbp1 delivers retinol to lecithin: retinol acyl transferase (Lrat) for esterification and storage. Lrat channels retinol directly into its active site from holo-Crbp1 by protein-protein interaction. The ratio apo-Crbp1/holo-Crbp1 directs flux of retinol into and out of retinyl esters, through regulating esterification vs ester hydrolysis. Multiple retinol dehydrogenases (Rdh1, Rdh10, Dhrs9, Rdhe2, Rdhe2s) channel retinol from holo-Crbp1 to generate retinal for ATRA biosynthesis. β-Carotene oxidase type 1 generates retinal from carotenoids, delivered by the scavenger receptor-B1. Retinal reductases (Dhrs3, Dhrs4, Rdh11) reduce retinal into retinol, thereby restraining ATRA biosynthesis. Retinal dehydrogenases (Raldh1, 2, 3) dehydrogenate retinal irreversibly into ATRA. ATRA regulates its own concentrations by inducing Lrat and ATRA degradative enzymes. ATRA exhibits hormesis. Its effects relate to its concentration as an inverted J-shaped curve, transitioning from beneficial in the "goldilocks" zone to toxicity, as concentrations increase. Hormesis has distorted understanding physiological effects of ATRA post-nataly using chow-diet fed, ATRA-dosed animal models. Cancer, immune deficiency and metabolic abnormalities result from mutations and/or insufficiency in Crbp1 and retinoid metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Napoli
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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30
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Jodynis-Liebert J, Kujawska M. Biphasic Dose-Response Induced by Phytochemicals: Experimental Evidence. J Clin Med 2020; 9:718. [PMID: 32155852 PMCID: PMC7141213 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many phytochemicals demonstrate nonmonotonic dose/concentration-response termed biphasic dose-response and are considered to be hormetic compounds, i.e., they induce biologically opposite effects at different doses. In numerous articles the hormetic nature of phytochemicals is declared, however, no experimental evidence is provided. Our aim was to present the overview of the reports in which phytochemical-induced biphasic dose-response is experimentally proven. Hence, we included in the current review only articles in which the reversal of response between low and high doses/concentrations of phytochemicals for a single endpoint was documented. The majority of data on biphasic dose-response have been found for phytoestrogens; other reports described these types of effects for resveratrol, sulforaphane, and natural compounds from various chemical classes such as isoquinoline alkaloid berberine, polyacetylenes falcarinol and falcarindiol, prenylated pterocarpan glyceollin1, naphthoquinones plumbagin and naphazarin, and panaxatriol saponins. The prevailing part of the studies presented in the current review was performed on cell cultures. The most common endpoint tested was a proliferation of tumor and non-cancerous cells. Very few experiments demonstrating biphasic dose-response induced by phytochemicals were carried out on animal models. Data on the biphasic dose-response of various endpoints to phytochemicals may have a potential therapeutic or preventive implication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland;
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31
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Gatica-Domínguez G, Rothenberg SJ, Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Stein AD, Schmidt RJ, López-Carrillo L. The association of prenatal folate and vitamin B12 levels with postnatal neurodevelopment varies by maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025419853379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal folate and vitamin B12 status have been linked to child neuropsychological development, but less is known about maternal genetic influences on this association. We conducted an exploratory longitudinal study of 181 mother–child pairs to assess whether maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype modifies the association between maternal plasma folate and vitamin B12 in the first trimester of pregnancy and child neuropsychological development. Maternal plasma folate and vitamin B12 were determined by radioimmunoassay, and MTHFR 677C>T genotypes by PCR. We evaluated child neuropsychological development at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 month old using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. We analyzed the data using mixed-effects multivariate linear regression. The MTHFR 677C>T genotype distribution among the mothers was 18.2% CC, 49.8% CT, and 32.0% TT. The Mental Development Index (MDI) was inversely associated with maternal plasma folate among offspring of MTHFR 677CC mothers (β = -2.18 per twofold increase, 95% CI -4.07; -0.30, corrected P value = 0.02); no significant associations were observed among children born to women of other genotypes. The Motor Development Index (PDI) was not significantly associated with maternal plasma folate in any maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype group, nor were MDI or PDI significantly associated with maternal plasma vitamin B12 in any maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype group. This study suggests that maternal MTHFR 677CC genotype interacts with first-trimester plasma folate to influence offspring mental development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Subdirección de Investigación en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Science and the MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, USA
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32
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Valenzuela R, Videla LA. Impact of the Co-Administration of N-3 Fatty Acids and Olive Oil Components in Preclinical Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Models: A Mechanistic View. Nutrients 2020; 12:E499. [PMID: 32075238 PMCID: PMC7071322 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in approximately 25% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, which can progress to steatohepatitis with different degrees of fibrosis, stages that lack approved pharmacological therapies and represent an indication for liver transplantation with consistently increasing frequency. In view that hepatic steatosis is a reversible condition, effective strategies preventing disease progression were addressed using combinations of natural products in the preclinical high-fat diet (HFD) protocol (60% of fat for 12 weeks). Among them, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:5n-3, DHA), DHA and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), or EPA plus hydroxytyrosol (HT) attained 66% to 83% diminution in HFD-induced steatosis, with the concomitant inhibition of the proinflammatory state associated with steatosis. These supplementations trigger different molecular mechanisms that modify antioxidant, antisteatotic, and anti-inflammatory responses, and in the case of DHA and HT co-administration, prevent NAFLD. It is concluded that future studies in NAFLD patients using combined supplementations such as DHA plus HT are warranted to prevent liver steatosis, thus avoiding its progression into more unmanageable stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2J4A6, Canada
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
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11-β-hydroxysterols as possible endogenous stimulators of mitochondrial biogenesis as inferred from epicatechin molecular mimicry. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Khan TA, Chiavaroli L, Zurbau A, Sievenpiper JL. A lack of consideration of a dose-response relationship can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding 100% fruit juice and the risk of cardiometabolic disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:1556-1560. [PMID: 31636410 PMCID: PMC6954109 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Tsatsakis A, Tyshko NV, Docea AO, Shestakova SI, Sidorova YS, Petrov NA, Zlatian O, Mach M, Hartung T, Tutelyan VA. The effect of chronic vitamin deficiency and long term very low dose exposure to 6 pesticides mixture on neurological outcomes – A real-life risk simulation approach. Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Berg ZK, Rodriguez B, Davis J, Katz AR, Cooney RV, Masaki K. Association Between Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: The Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012569. [PMID: 31550966 PMCID: PMC6806025 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Previously, Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program researchers reported that occupational exposure to pesticides was significantly associated with total mortality. The current study examines occupational exposure to pesticides in relation to incident cardiovascular disease, defined as coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular accident. Methods and Results With the Occupational Safety Health Administration exposure scale used as an estimate of exposure, statistical analyses were performed on a cohort of 7557 Japanese‐American men from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease incidence were calculated for various levels of pesticide exposure using Cox proportional hazards models. In the first 10 years of follow‐up, a positive association was observed between age‐adjusted cardiovascular disease incidence and high levels of pesticide exposure (hazard ratio=1.46, 95% CI=1.10‐1.95, P=0.009). This relationship remained significant after adjustment for other cardiovascular disease risk factors (hazard ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.05‐1.92, P=0.021). No significant association for coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular accident incidence with pesticide exposure was observed when examined separately, possibly due to a smaller number of events. Conclusions These findings suggest that occupational exposure to pesticides may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The results are novel, as the association between occupational exposure to pesticides and cardiovascular disease incidence has not been examined previously in this unique cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara K Berg
- Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Beatriz Rodriguez
- Department of Geriatric Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - James Davis
- Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Alan R Katz
- Office of Public Health Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Robert V Cooney
- Office of Public Health Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI
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37
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Krois CR, Vuckovic MG, Huang P, Zaversnik C, Liu CS, Gibson CE, Wheeler MR, Obrochta KM, Min JH, Herber CB, Thompson AC, Shah ID, Gordon SP, Hellerstein MK, Napoli JL. RDH1 suppresses adiposity by promoting brown adipose adaptation to fasting and re-feeding. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2425-2447. [PMID: 30788515 PMCID: PMC6531335 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RDH1 is one of the several enzymes that catalyze the first of the two reactions to convert retinol into all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA). Here, we show that Rdh1-null mice fed a low-fat diet gain more weight as adiposity (17% males, 13% females) than wild-type mice by 20 weeks old, despite neither consuming more calories nor decreasing activity. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance develop following increased adiposity. Despite the increase in white fat pads, epididymal white adipose does not express Rdh1, nor does muscle. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver express Rdh1 at relatively high levels compared to other tissues. Rdh1 ablation lowered body temperatures during ambient conditions. Given the decreased body temperature, we focused on BAT. A lack of differences in BAT adipogenic gene expression between Rdh1-null mice and wild-type mice, including Pparg, Prdm16, Zfp516 and Zfp521, indicated that the phenotype was not driven by brown adipose hyperplasia. Rather, Rdh1 ablation eliminated the increase in BAT atRA that occurs after re-feeding. This disruption of atRA homeostasis increased fatty acid uptake, but attenuated lipolysis in primary brown adipocytes, resulting in increased lipid content and larger lipid droplets. Rdh1 ablation also decreased mitochondrial proteins, including CYCS and UCP1, the mitochondria oxygen consumption rate, and disrupted the mitochondria membrane potential, further reflecting impaired BAT function, resulting in both BAT and white adipose hypertrophy. RNAseq revealed dysregulation of 424 BAT genes in null mice, which segregated predominantly into differences after fasting vs after re-feeding. Exceptions were Rbp4 and Gbp2b, which increased during both dietary conditions. Rbp4 encodes the serum retinol-binding protein-an insulin desensitizer. Gbp2b encodes a GTPase. Because Gbp2b increased several hundred-fold, we overexpressed it in brown adipocytes. This caused a shift to larger lipid droplets, suggesting that GBP2b affects signaling downstream of the β-adrenergic receptor during basal thermogenesis. Thus, Rdh1-generated atRA in BAT regulates multiple genes that promote BAT adaptation to whole-body energy status, such as fasting and re-feeding. These gene expression changes promote optimum mitochondria function and thermogenesis, limiting adiposity. Attenuation of adiposity and insulin resistance suggests that RDH1 mitigates metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Krois
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Geology, Minnesota State University, 241 Ford Hall, Mankato, MN, 56001, USA
| | - Marta G Vuckovic
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
| | - Priscilla Huang
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Claire Zaversnik
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- AgroSup Dijon, 26 Bd Petitjean, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Conan S Liu
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Candice E Gibson
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
| | - Madelyn R Wheeler
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- UC Davis School of Medicine, 4102 Sherman Way, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kristin M Obrochta
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, 94949, USA
| | - Jin H Min
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Candice B Herber
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, Rock Hall 281, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Airlia C Thompson
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- Stanford University, Lorry Lokey Building Room 164, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5020, USA
| | - Ishan D Shah
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Keith Administration (KAM) 100, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9020, USA
| | - Sean P Gordon
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr # 100, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA
| | - Joseph L Napoli
- Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3104, USA.
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Manganese Exposure and Cognition Across the Lifespan: Contemporary Review and Argument for Biphasic Dose-Response Health Effects. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:392-404. [PMID: 27722879 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is both an essential micronutrient and potential neurotoxicant. This dual role underlies a growing body of literature demonstrating that Mn exhibits a biphasic dose-response relationship with neurocognitive outcomes. We reviewed recent epidemiologic studies from 2007 to 2016 that investigated the relationship between Mn exposure and cognitive outcomes across the lifespan: early life, school-aged children, and adulthood. In total, 27 research articles were included in this review: 12 pediatric and 15 adult studies (10 occupational and five environmental exposures). The majority of these studies provided evidence of the negative effects of Mn exposure on cognition. The pediatric literature provides evidence that both high and low levels of Mn are negatively associated with intellectual development. Future Mn research should include examination of non-linear relationships and multiple neurotoxicants across the lifespan and particularly during critical developmental windows.
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Henry Y, Renault D, Colinet H. Hormesis-like effect of mild larval crowding on thermotolerance in Drosophila flies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.169342. [PMID: 29191860 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.169342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Crowding is a complex stress that can affect organisms' physiology, especially through decreased food quality and accessibility. Here, we evaluated the effect of larval density on several biological traits of Drosophila melanogaster An increasing gradient, from 1 to 1000 eggs per milliliter of food, was used to characterize life-history traits variations. Crowded conditions resulted in striking decreases of fresh mass (up to 6-fold) and viability, as well as delayed development. Next, we assessed heat and cold tolerance in L3 larvae reared at three selected larval densities: low (LD, 5 eggs ml-1), medium (MD, 60 eggs ml-1) and high (HD, 300 eggs ml-1). LT50 values of MD and, to a lesser extent, HD larvae were repeatedly higher than those from LD larvae, under both heat and cold stress. We investigated potential physiological correlates associated with this density-dependent thermotolerance shift. No marked pattern could be drawn from the expression of stress-related genes. However, a metabolomic analysis differentiated the metabotypes of the three density levels, with potential candidates associated with this clustering (e.g. glucose 6-phosphate, GABA, sugars and polyols). Under HD, signs of oxidative stress were noted but not confirmed at the transcriptional level. Finally, urea, a common metabolic waste, was found to accumulate substantially in food from MD and HD larvae. When supplemented in food, urea stimulated cold tolerance but reduced heat tolerance in LD larvae. This study highlights that larval crowding is an important environmental parameter that induces drastic consequences on flies' physiology and can affect thermotolerance in a density-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Henry
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Hervé Colinet
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Park JM, Kim DH, Na HK, Surh YJ. Methylseleninic acid induces NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 expression through activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 in Chang liver cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:3014-3028. [PMID: 29423025 PMCID: PMC5790442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium has been reported to induce the expression of some cytoprotective enzymes, which may account for its chemoprotective and chemopreventive effects. However, it remains largely unresolved whether these effects are exerted by selenium itself or mediated by its metabolite(s). In the present study, methylseleninic acid (MSeA), a monomethylated selenium, induced the expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) in human Chang liver cells. Expression of NQO-1 and other antioxidant/stress response genes is primarily regulated by the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2). Exposure of human Chang liver cells to MSeA (3 μM) increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and binding to antioxidant response elements. Silencing Nrf2 markedly reduced the MSeA-induced NQO-1 expression. In comparison with embryonic fibroblasts from Nrf2 wild-type mice, those from Nrf2 knockout mice failed to induce NQO-1 expression when treated with MSeA. Moreover, MSeA treatment enhanced ubiquitination of Keap1, but repressed Nrf2 ubiquitination. Pretreatment of cells with dithiothreitol abrogated the MSeA-induced NQO-1 expression, suggesting that MSeA causes Keap1 thiol modification. MSeA-induced NQO-1 upregulation was attenuated in cells harbouring the mutant Keap1 in which the cysteine 151 residue was replaced by serine. Oral administration of MSeA (1 mg/kg) by gavage to mice induced hepatic NQO-1 expression. Similar to MSeA, methylselenol generated from selenomethionine by methioninase activity induced NQO-1 expression. In conclusion, MSeA, the immediate precursor of methylselenol, upregulates the expression of NQO-1 via the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling. The above findings suggest that biological activities of selenium are dependent on the nature of the metabolites as well as the type of ingested selenium formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Approaches for extending human healthspan: from antioxidants to healthspan pharmacology. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:389-399. [PMID: 28698312 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic increases in human lifespan and declining population growth are monumental achievements but these same achievements have also led to many societies today ageing at a faster rate than ever before. Extending healthy lifespan (healthspan) is a key translational challenge in this context. Disease-centric approaches to manage population ageing risk are adding years to life without adding health to these years. The growing consensus that ageing is driven by a limited number of interconnected processes suggests an alternative approach. Instead of viewing each age-dependent disease as the result of an independent chain of events, this approach recognizes that most age-dependent diseases depend on and are driven by a limited set of ageing processes. While the relative importance of each of these processes and the best intervention strategies targeting them are subjects of debate, there is increasing interest in providing preventative intervention options to healthy individuals even before overt age-dependent diseases manifest. Elevated oxidative damage is involved in the pathophysiology of most age-dependent diseases and markers of oxidative damage often increase with age in many organisms. However, correlation is not causation and, sadly, many intervention trials of supposed antioxidants have failed to extend healthspan and to prevent diseases. This does not, however, mean that reactive species (RS) and redox signalling are unimportant. Ultimately, the most effective antioxidants may not turn out to be the best geroprotective drugs, but effective geroprotective interventions might well turn out to also have excellent, if probably indirect, antioxidant efficacy.
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Martucci M, Ostan R, Biondi F, Bellavista E, Fabbri C, Bertarelli C, Salvioli S, Capri M, Franceschi C, Santoro A. Mediterranean diet and inflammaging within the hormesis paradigm. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:442-455. [PMID: 28595318 PMCID: PMC5914347 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A coherent set of epidemiological data shows that the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects capable of preventing a variety of age-related diseases in which low-grade, chronic inflammation/inflammaging plays a major role, but the underpinning mechanism(s) is/are still unclear. It is suggested here that the Mediterranean diet can be conceptualized as a form of chronic hormetic stress, similar to what has been proposed regarding calorie restriction, the most thoroughly studied nutritional intervention. Data on the presence in key Mediterranean foods of a variety of compounds capable of exerting hormetic effects are summarized, and the mechanistic role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 pathway is highlighted. Within this conceptual framework, particular attention has been devoted to the neurohormetic and neuroprotective properties of the Mediterranean diet, as well as to its ability to maintain an optimal balance between pro- and anti-inflammaging. Finally, the European Commission-funded project NU-AGE is discussed because it addresses a number of variables not commonly taken into consideration, such as age, sex, and ethnicity/genetics, that can modulate the hormetic effect of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Martucci
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Biondi
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bellavista
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Bertarelli
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
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Brasili E, Filho VC. Metabolomics of cancer cell cultures to assess the effects of dietary phytochemicals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1328-1339. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.964799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Brasili
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas/CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Penning TM. Aldo-Keto Reductase Regulation by the Nrf2 System: Implications for Stress Response, Chemotherapy Drug Resistance, and Carcinogenesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:162-176. [PMID: 27806574 PMCID: PMC5241174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases that convert aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols for subsequent conjugation reactions and can be referred to as "phase 1" enzymes. Among all the human genes regulated by the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, they are consistently the most overexpressed in response to Nrf2 activators. Although these enzymes play clear cytoprotective roles and deal effectively with carbonyl stress, their upregulation by the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway also has a potential dark-side, which can lead to chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the metabolic activation of lung carcinogens (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). They also play determinant roles in 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone metabolism to R- and S-4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. The overexpression of AKR genes as components of the "smoking gene" battery raises the issue as to whether this is part of a smoking stress response or acquired susceptibility to lung cancer. Human AKR genes also regulate retinoid, prostaglandin, and steroid hormone metabolism and can regulate the local concentrations of ligands available for nuclear receptors (NRs). The prospect exists that signaling through the Keap1/Nrf2 system can also effect NR signaling, but this has remained largely unexplored. We present the case that chemoprevention through the Keap1/Nrf2 system may be context dependent and that the Nrf2 "dose-response curve" for electrophilic and redox balance may not be monotonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M. Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Health-beneficial nutraceuticals—myth or reality? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:951-961. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mushak P. Temporal stability of chemical hormesis (CH): Is CH just a temporary stop on the road to thresholds and toxic responses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1446-1456. [PMID: 27396315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical hormesis (CH) is currently described as a nonmonotonic, bidirectional dose-response relationship for chemicals, where a stimulatory, (beneficial?) response at low dose or exposure is followed by an inhibitory response at higher doses/exposures (or vice-versa). CH is depicted as U(J)-shaped or inverse U(J)-shaped curves, i.e., curve slopes change sign. Some describe CH as a homeostasis-preserving response; others view CH as adaptive or (pre)conditioning responses to chemical stress. One aspect of CH and stress hormesis in general that has not been researched is its temporal stability, i.e., persistence, particularly in experimental animals and humans having long-term chemical stressing. Once maximized, does the CH response remain operative over the entire time of chemical exposure? One possible reason for the question's neglect is that temporal stability, e.g., 'steady-state hormesis,' has been assumed. Another is that CH temporality is not well understood or has been under-appreciated as to its importance. Available data, mainly for simpler biological systems, describe cases of transitory CH. Other examples, in human and experimental animal studies, show transitory existence of CH and, in some specialized cases, persisting CH. Also, certain disease state-induced hormetic responses are transitory over time in humans. The question requires resolution if CH is to be considered (i) a stable and beneficial or adverse response, (ii) a stable dose-response model competitive with stable threshold and linear, nonthreshold (LNT) dose-response models, and (iii) a model having any impact on, or role in, regulatory and public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mushak
- PB Associates, 4036 Nottaway Road, Durham, NC, USA.
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Ng CYP, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Hormetic effect induced by depleted uranium in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:184-191. [PMID: 27060238 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work studied the hormetic effect induced by uranium (U) in embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using apoptosis as the biological endpoint. Hormetic effect is characterized by biphasic dose-response relationships showing a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. Embryos were dechorionated at 4h post fertilization (hpf), and were then exposed to 10 or 100μg/l depleted uranium (DU) in uranyl acetate solutions from 5 to 6 hpf. For exposures to 10μg/l DU, the amounts of apoptotic signals in the embryos were significantly increased at 20 hpf but were significantly decreased at 24 hpf, which demonstrated the presence of U-induced hormesis. For exposures to 100μg/l DU, the amounts of apoptotic signals in the embryos were significantly increased at 20, 24 and 30 hpf. Hormetic effect was not shown but its occurrence between 30 and 48 hpf could not be ruled out. In conclusion, hormetic effect could be induced in zebrafish embryos in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y P Ng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S H Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - K N Yu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Smilanich AM, Fincher RM, Dyer LA. Does plant apparency matter? Thirty years of data provide limited support but reveal clear patterns of the effects of plant chemistry on herbivores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1044-1057. [PMID: 26889654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
According to the plant-apparency hypothesis, apparent plants allocate resources to quantitative defenses that negatively affect generalist and specialist herbivores, while unapparent plants invest more in qualitative defenses that negatively affect nonadapted generalists. Although this hypothesis has provided a useful framework for understanding the evolution of plant chemical defense, there are many inconsistencies surrounding associated predictions, and it has been heavily criticized and deemed obsolete. We used a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis model to test whether defenses from apparent and unapparent plants differ in their effects on herbivores. We collected a total of 225 effect sizes from 158 published papers in which the effects of plant chemistry on herbivore performance were reported. As predicted by the plant-apparency hypothesis, we found a prevalence of quantitative defenses in woody plants and qualitative defenses in herbaceous plants. However, the detrimental impacts of qualitative defenses were more effective against specialists than generalists, and the effects of chemical defenses did not significantly differ between specialists and generalists for woody or herbaceous plants. A striking pattern that emerged from our data was a pervasiveness of beneficial effects of secondary metabolites on herbivore performance, especially generalists. This pattern provides evidence that herbivores are evolving effective counteradaptations to putative plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Smilanich
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - R Malia Fincher
- Department of Biology, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Birmingham, AL, 35229, USA
| | - Lee A Dyer
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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Shojaei S, Ghavami S, Panjehshahin MR, Owji AA. Effects of Ethanol on the Expression Level of Various BDNF mRNA Isoforms and Their Encoded Protein in the Hippocampus of Adult and Embryonic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30422-37. [PMID: 26703578 PMCID: PMC4691182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the effects of oral ethanol (Eth) alone or combined with the phytoestrogen resveratrol (Rsv) on the expression of various brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transcripts and the encoded protein pro-BDNF in the hippocampus of pregnant and embryonic rats. A low (0.25 g/kg body weight (BW)/day) dose of Eth produced an increase in the expression of BDNF exons I, III and IV and a decrease in that of the exon IX in embryos, but failed to affect BDNF transcript and pro-BDNF protein expression in adults. However, co-administration of Eth 0.25 g/kg·BW/day and Rsv led to increased expression of BDNF exons I, III and IV and to a small but significant increase in the level of pro-BDNF protein in maternal rats. A high (2.5 g/kg·BW/day) dose of Eth increased the expression of BDNF exons III and IV in embryos, but it decreased the expression of exon IX containing BDNF mRNAs in the maternal rats. While the high dose of Eth alone reduced the level of pro-BDNF in adults, it failed to change the levels of pro-BDNF in embryos. Eth differentially affects the expression pattern of BDNF transcripts and levels of pro-BDNF in the hippocampus of both adult and embryonic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 713484579, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Health Sciences College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Health Research Policy Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 713484579, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Panjehshahin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 713484579, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Owji
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 713484579, Iran.
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Lee D, Hwang W, Artan M, Jeong DE, Lee SJ. Effects of nutritional components on aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:8-16. [PMID: 25339542 PMCID: PMC4326908 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals regulate various physiological processes and are essential for the survival of organisms. Reduced overall caloric intake delays aging in various organisms. However, the role of each nutritional component in the regulation of lifespan is not well established. In this review, we describe recent studies focused on the regulatory role of each type of nutrient in aging. Moreover, we will discuss how the amount or composition of each nutritional component may influence longevity or health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Wooseon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Murat Artan
- Information Technology Convergence Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
- Information Technology Convergence Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 South Korea
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