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Rincón-Rubio A, Mérida-Ortega Á, Ugalde-Resano R, Gamboa-Loira B, Rothenberg SJ, González FB, Cebrián ME, López-Carrillo L. Carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic risk, and attributable cases to organochlorine pesticide exposure in women from Northern Mexico. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:421. [PMID: 38570395 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk as well as the attributable cases due to exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, and chlordane. From serum concentrations of pesticides of interest in a sample of 908 women from Northern Mexico, the risk for both cancer and non-cancer health effects was evaluated. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was also calculated based on summary association estimates between exposure to OCPs and different health events. Findings revealed that due to their OCP exposure slightly less than half of the women in the sample were at increased risk of developing non-cancerous diseases. Moreover, approximately 25% and 75% of participants were at risk of develop some type of cancer associated with their HCB and DDE concentrations, respectively. In addition, it was estimated that 40.5% of type 2 diabetes, 18.7% of endometriosis, and 23.1% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases could have been prevented if women had not been exposed to these OCPs. Results suggest that the use of OCPs may have contributed to the disease burden in the study area and, based on the time required for these substances to be eliminated from the body, there are probably some women who are still at elevated risk of developing diseases associated to OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rincón-Rubio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rodrigo Ugalde-Resano
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Itzáes 498, Colonia Centro, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Fernando Bejarano González
- Red de Acción Sobre Plaguicidas y Alternativas en México, A. C. (RAPAM), Amado Nervo 23, Int. 3, Col. San Juanito, C.P. 56121, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Gamboa-Loira B, Mérida-Ortega Á, Rothenberg SJ, Cebrián ME, López-Carrillo L. Metal exposure and breast cancer among Northern Mexican women: assessment of genetic susceptibility. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:89002-89013. [PMID: 35841505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess breast cancer (BC) association with metals and whether polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 act as confounders or as modifiers of those relationships. We performed a secondary analysis of 499 histologically confirmed BC cases and the same number of age-matched population controls. We measured urinary concentrations of 18 metals with mass spectrometry. We determined the genetic variants of interest by allelic discrimination and multiplex PCR. After adjusting for covariates, we found BC negatively associated with arsenic, barium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, molybdenum and vanadium concentrations and positively with those of caesium, manganese, tin and thallium. Most associations remained after stratifying by the genetic variants. We identified that polymorphisms in CYP1B1, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genes interacted with some metals on BC: interaction p-values CYP1B1 G119T × antimony= 0.036, CYP1B1 G119T × cobalt <0.001, CYP1B1 G119T × tin= 0.032, CYP1A1 A4889G × aluminium= 0.018, CYP1A1 A4889G × arsenic= 0.031, CYP1A1 A4889G × nickel= 0.036, CYP1A1 A4889G × vanadium= 0.031 and GSTM1 deletion × barium= 0.035. Exposure to various individual metals, along with genetic characteristics may contribute to BC development. Further studies are warranted to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Rangel-Moreno K, Mérida-Ortega Á, Gamboa-Loira B, Flores-García MK, Rothenberg SJ, López-Carrillo L. Dietary contribution to total urinary arsenic in Mexican women. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1453-1462. [PMID: 35793148 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2093982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) damages health in many ways. The main routes of human exposure are consumption of contaminated water and diet, but evidence regarding the dietary contribution of iAs is limited. The objective of this work was to determine the foods and beverages that contribute to urinary total arsenic levels (TAs). This is a secondary analysis of an original study of breast cancer cases and population controls carried out in northern Mexico during the period 2007-2011, from which 1,462 women without a history of diabetes were selected. We estimated the consumption of the food and beverage groups with a frequency questionnaire. We measured the concentrations of urinary iAs metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Total arsenic ranged from 0.5 to 2,360 µg/g creatinine. After adjusting for covariates, we observed a positive association between TAs (with arsenobetaine) with non-bottled drinking water intake, as well as the consumption of root vegetables, vegetables and fruits rich in water, eggs, fish and shellfish. Our findings highlight the relevance of water consumption and some foods for TAs exposure. Food quality monitoring deserves attention in high-risk regions of arsenic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rangel-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - M Karen Flores-García
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
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Flores-García MK, Mérida-Ortega Á, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Rothenberg SJ, López-Carrillo L. "Western" and "Prudent" dietary patterns are associated with breast cancer among Mexican pre- and post-menopausal women. Nutr Res 2022; 105:138-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mérida-Ortega Á, Rothenberg SJ, Cebrián ME, López-Carrillo L. Breast cancer and urinary metal mixtures in Mexican women. Environ Res 2022; 210:112905. [PMID: 35217012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans are environmentally exposed to many metals throughout their lives. Simultaneous exposure to several metals could result in synergistic or antagonistic toxicological effects among them; however, the information on exposure to mixtures of metals and breast cancer (BC) is scarce. The objective of this report was to compare metals considered human carcinogens, individually and as mixtures, in women with and without BC. This is a secondary analysis of a population-based case-control study that was carried out from 2007 to 2011 in Northern Mexico. A total of 499 histologically confirmed BC cases and 499 controls were included. Information about sociodemographic, lifestyle and reproductive characteristics was obtained by in-person interviews. Urinary concentrations of aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), and vanadium (V) were determined by inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole. Metal mixtures were identified by principal component analysis with creatinine-corrected metals. Over 90% of subjects had metal measurements above the detection limit except tin (86%) and antimony (78.4%). After adjusting by selected covariables, we observed that the individual urinary concentrations of V, Co, and Mo were lower among cases compared to controls; in contrast to Sn that had higher concentrations. We identified two principal component mixtures with opposite relationships with BC: Cr, Ni, Sb, Al, Pb and Sn (OR = 1.15; CI95% 1.06,1.25) and Mo and Co (OR = 0.56; CI95% 0.49,0.64). This is the first study that identified urinary metal mixtures that differed between women with and without BC. Our results warrant confirmation in further prospective epidemiological studies. In addition, the elucidation of underlying mechanisms of metal interactions on BC risk deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Morelos, C.P. 62100, Mexico
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Morelos, C.P. 62100, Mexico
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Morelos, C.P. 62100, Mexico.
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Mérida-Ortega Á, López-Carrillo L, Rangel-Moreno K, Ramirez N, Rothenberg SJ. Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Urinary Cadmium in Women from Northern Mexico. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12581. [PMID: 34886306 PMCID: PMC8656637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a carcinogenic metal also related to reproductive and cardiovascular diseases, is contained in tobacco and elevated concentrations of it in humans have been consistently associated with first-hand tobacco smoke; however, there is scarce and inconclusive evidence of the relationship between Cd and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Our aim was to evaluate the association between exposure to tobacco, both active and SHS, with urinary Cd concentrations in Mexican women. In a cross-sectional analysis that included 998 women living in northern Mexico, we measured the concentration of creatinine-adjusted urinary Cd (µg-cadmium/g-creatinine) using inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole (ICP-QQQ) in tandem mass spectrometry mode (MS/MS). We gathered tobacco smoking information through an in-person interview and formed seven groups: non-smokers without SHS exposure; non-smokers with SHS exposure; ex-smokers without SHS exposure <1 year of quitting; ex-smokers without SHS exposure ≥1 year of quitting, ex-smokers with SHS exposure <1 year of quitting; ex-smokers with SHS exposure ≥1 year of quitting and current smokers. The interview also yielded sociodemographic characteristics. We used linear multivariable regression models to estimate the association between Cd concentrations and tobacco smoke exposure. Compared to non-smokers without SHS exposure, we found higher Cd concentrations in ex-smokers with SHS exposure <1 year of quitting and current smokers (adjusted geometric means 0.51 vs. 1.01 and 0.69 µg-cadmium/g-creatinine, respectively). Our results do not support a conclusion that SHS exposure is a source of Cd body burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (Á.M.-O.); (L.L.-C.); (K.R.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (Á.M.-O.); (L.L.-C.); (K.R.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Karla Rangel-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (Á.M.-O.); (L.L.-C.); (K.R.-M.); (N.R.)
| | - Natalia Ramirez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (Á.M.-O.); (L.L.-C.); (K.R.-M.); (N.R.)
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (Á.M.-O.); (L.L.-C.); (K.R.-M.); (N.R.)
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Chilian-Herrera OL, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Rothenberg SJ, López-Ridaura R, Romero-Martínez M, Wright RO, Just AC, Kloog I, Bautista-Arredondo LF, Téllez-Rojo MM. PM 2.5 exposure as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mexico City metropolitan area. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2087. [PMID: 34774026 PMCID: PMC8590776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution is the main risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the world. Exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, as well as with lung cancer, and there is evidence to suggest that it is also associated with type II diabetes (DM). The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is home to more than 20 million people, where PM2.5 levels exceed national and international standards every day. Likewise, DM represents a growing public health problem with prevalence around 12%. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and DM in adults living in the MCMA. METHODS Data from the 2006 or 2012 National Health and Nutrition Surveys (ENSANUT) were used to identify subjects with DM and year of diagnosis. We estimated PM2.5 exposure at a residence level, based on information from the air quality monitoring system (monitors), as well as satellite measurements (satellite). We analyzed the relationship through a cross-sectional approach and as a case - control study. RESULTS For every 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 we found an OR = 3.09 (95% CI 1.17-8.15) in the 2012 sample. These results were not conclusive for the 2006 data or for the case - control approach. CONCLUSIONS Our results add to the evidence linking PM2.5 exposure to DM in Mexican adults. Studies in low- and middle-income countries, where PM2.5 atmospheric concentrations exceed WHO standards, are required to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Chilian-Herrera
- Homologous Normative Coordination, General Directorate, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jose L Texcalac-Sangrador
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ruy López-Ridaura
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Control Programs, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín Romero-Martínez
- Center for Research in Surveys and Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Luis F Bautista-Arredondo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Hurtado-Díaz M, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Rothenberg SJ, Schnaas-Arrieta L, Kloog I, Just A, Hernández-Bonilla D, Wright RO, Téllez-Rojo MM. Prenatal PM 2.5 exposure and neurodevelopment at 2 years of age in a birth cohort from Mexico city. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 233:113695. [PMID: 33582606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that air pollution exposure may have neurotoxic properties. OBJECTIVE To examine longitudinal associations between prenatal particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) exposure and neurodevelopment during the first two years of children's life. METHODS Analysis was conducted in PROGRESS, a longitudinal birth cohort between 2007 and 2013 in Mexico City. We used satellite data to predict daily PM2.5 concentrations at high spatial resolution. Multivariate mixed-effect regression models were adjusted to examine cognitive, language and motor scores in children up to 24 months of age (n = 740) and each trimester-specific and whole pregnancy exposure to PM2.5. RESULTS Models adjusted by child sex, gestational age, birth weight, smoking and mother's IQ, showed that each increase of 1 μg/m3 of PM2.5 was associated with a decreased language function of -0.38 points (95% CI: -0.77, -0.01). PM2.5 exposure at third trimester of pregnancy contributed most to the observed association. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that language development up to 24 months of age may be particularly sensitive to PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Hurtado-Díaz
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lourdes Schnaas-Arrieta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800 Col. Virreyes Deleg, Miguel Hidalgo D.F, C.P. 11000, USA.
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Allan Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102 Street, Floor 3, Room 131, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - David Hernández-Bonilla
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 East 102 Street Floor 3 West Room D3-110, New York, 10029, NY, USA.
| | - Martha Ma Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, 61200, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Gatica-Domínguez G, Rothenberg SJ, Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Stein AD, Schmidt RJ, López-Carrillo L. The association of prenatal folate and vitamin B12 levels with postnatal neurodevelopment varies by maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025419853379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal folate and vitamin B12 status have been linked to child neuropsychological development, but less is known about maternal genetic influences on this association. We conducted an exploratory longitudinal study of 181 mother–child pairs to assess whether maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype modifies the association between maternal plasma folate and vitamin B12 in the first trimester of pregnancy and child neuropsychological development. Maternal plasma folate and vitamin B12 were determined by radioimmunoassay, and MTHFR 677C>T genotypes by PCR. We evaluated child neuropsychological development at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 month old using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. We analyzed the data using mixed-effects multivariate linear regression. The MTHFR 677C>T genotype distribution among the mothers was 18.2% CC, 49.8% CT, and 32.0% TT. The Mental Development Index (MDI) was inversely associated with maternal plasma folate among offspring of MTHFR 677CC mothers (β = -2.18 per twofold increase, 95% CI -4.07; -0.30, corrected P value = 0.02); no significant associations were observed among children born to women of other genotypes. The Motor Development Index (PDI) was not significantly associated with maternal plasma folate in any maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype group, nor were MDI or PDI significantly associated with maternal plasma vitamin B12 in any maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype group. This study suggests that maternal MTHFR 677CC genotype interacts with first-trimester plasma folate to influence offspring mental development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Subdirección de Investigación en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Science and the MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, USA
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Rojas-Lima E, Gamboa-Loira B, Cebrián ME, Rothenberg SJ, López-Carrillo L. A cumulative index of exposure to endogenous estrogens and breast cancer by molecular subtypes in northern Mexican women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:791-800. [PMID: 32086656 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes association with reproductive characteristics and an index of cumulative exposure to endogenous estrogens (EEI) in Mexican women. METHODS We performed a study of incident cases and population controls in northern Mexico. We included BC cases with tumor molecular classification in their medical records (n = 509), and classified them as HR+/HER2- (ER+ and/or PR+ and HER2-) (n = 289), HER2+ (HR+ or HR-) (n = 117) or triple negative (TN) (n = 103). We matched controls (n = 1030) by age and place of residence with index cases. Women were interviewed about their reproductive history, from which the EEI was developed. We used logistic regression models to estimate BC molecular subtypes associations with reproductive characteristics and EEI. RESULTS The EEI was higher in all subtypes compared to controls (Median HR+/HER2- 27.25, HER2+ 26.8, TN 24.2 vs. controls 22.8 years, p < 0.05), and was associated with HR+/HER2- (ORT3 vs. T1 = 2.58, 95% CI 1.77-3.55, p-trend < 0.001) and HER2+ (ORT3 vs. T1 = 4.17, 95% CI 2.15-8.08, p-trend < 0.001) BC. Additionally, HR+/HER2- tumors were positively associated with age at first pregnancy and age at menopause, and negatively with age at menarche, parity and breastfeeding. The HER2+ subtype was associated in the same direction as HR+/HER2- tumors with all the reproductive characteristics except for age at menarche. TN tumors were negatively associated with parity and breastfeeding. CONCLUSION Endogenous estrogens exposure throughout Mexican women reproductive life may contribute to the development of all but TN BC, however, these findings should be confirmed in other Hispanic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodia Rojas-Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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11
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Téllez-Rojo MM, Rothenberg SJ, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Just AC, Kloog I, Rojas-Saunero LP, Gutiérrez-Avila I, Bautista-Arredondo LF, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Romero M, Hurtado-Díaz M, Schwartz JD, Wright R, Riojas-Rodríguez H. Children's acute respiratory symptoms associated with PM 2.5 estimates in two sequential representative surveys from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Environ Res 2020; 180:108868. [PMID: 31711659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are a major component of morbidity in children and their symptoms may be spatially and temporally exacerbated by exposure gradients of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in large polluted urban areas, like the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). OBJECTIVES To analyze the association between satellite-derived and interpolated PM2.5 estimates with children's (≤9 years old) acute respiratory symptoms (ARS) in two probabilistic samples representing the MCMA. METHODS We obtained ARS data from the 2006 and 2012 National Surveys for Health and Nutrition (ENSaNut). Two week average exposure to PM2.5 was assessed for each household with spatial estimates from a hybrid model with satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD-PM2.5) and also with interpolated PM2.5 measurements from ground stations, from the Mexico City monitoring network (MNW-PM2.5). We used survey-adjusted logistic regressions to analyze the association between PM2.5 estimates and ARS reported on children. RESULTS A total of 1,005 and 1,233 children were surveyed in 2006 and 2012 representing 3.1 and 3.5 million children, respectively. For the same years and over the periods of study, the estimated prevalence of ARS decreased from 49.4% (95% CI: 44.9,53.9%) to 37.8% (95% CI: 34,41.7%). AOD-PM2.5 and MNW-PM2.5 estimates were associated with significantly higher reports of ARS in children 0-4 years old [OR2006 = 1.29 (95% (CI): 0.99,1.68) and OR2006 = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.08,1.42), respectively]. We observed positive non-significant associations in 2012 in both age groups and in 2006 for children 5-9 years old. No statistically significant differences in health effect estimates of PM2.5 were found comparing AOD-PM2.5 or MNW-PM2.5 for exposure assessment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PM2.5 is a risk factor for the prevalence of ARS in children and expand the growing evidence of the utility of new satellite AOD-based methods for estimating health effects from acute exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Iván Gutiérrez-Avila
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis F Bautista-Arredondo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; National Council of Science and Technology Fellowship, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín Romero
- Center for Research in Surveys and Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Magali Hurtado-Díaz
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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12
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Murillo-González FE, Ponce-Ruiz N, Rojas-García AE, Rothenberg SJ, Bernal-Hernández YY, Cerda-Flores RM, Mackness M, Barrón-Vivanco BS, González-Arias CA, Ponce-Gallegos J, Medina-Díaz IM. PON1 lactonase activity and its association with cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 500:47-53. [PMID: 31626760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is important in the development of atherosclerosis, and it has become the subject of intensive research. Our aim was to evaluate the association of serum PON1 activity and polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using four different substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Activity of PON1-related to arylesterase (AREase and 4-CMPAse), paraoxonase (PONase), and lactonase (LACase), and polymorphisms (A-162G, T-108C, L55M, and Q192R) were evaluated in subjects with CVD, cardiovascular risk factor (CFR), and controls. An ordered logistic-regression analysis of PON1 phenotypes was performed in the CVD group with respect to the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Logistic-regression analysis showed that CC-108 genotype was associated with CRF and CVD. The CVD group had the lowest activities of PON1. The LACase might be a better biomarker for CVD (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.44-0.61) followed by CMPAse (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86), AREase (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) and PONase (OR, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.99-0.99). Logistic regression of PON1 phenotypes by haplotypes showed that LACase activity was not influenced by the polymorphisms and that it could be a new potential biomarker in the development of CVD. Larger scale longitudinal studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Murillo-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - N Ponce-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - A E Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - Y Y Bernal-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - R M Cerda-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Facultad de Enfermería. Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - B S Barrón-Vivanco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - C A González-Arias
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - I M Medina-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
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13
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Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Khoury J, Yolton K, Baghurst P, Bellinger DC, Canfield RL, Dietrich KN, Bornschein R, Greene T, Rothenberg SJ, Needleman HL, Schnaas L, Wasserman G, Graziano J, Roberts R. Erratum: "Low-Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Children's Intellectual Function: An International Pooled Analysis". Environ Health Perspect 2019; 127:99001. [PMID: 31526192 PMCID: PMC6792371 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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14
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Del Carmen Xotlanihua-Gervacio M, Herrera-Moreno JF, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Rothenberg SJ, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Rojas-García AE. Relationship between internal and external factors and the activity of PON1. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:24946-24957. [PMID: 31243662 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an A-esterase calcium-dependent enzyme that is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and capable of hydrolyzing a wide variety of substrates, including organophosphate (OP) pesticides. The PON1 phenotype can be modulated by multiple internal and external factors, thereby affecting the catalytic capacity of the enzyme. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that could modulate PON1 activity in a sample occupationally exposed to pesticides. A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried out with 240 workers. The participants were stratified according to their level of pesticide exposure as reference, moderate-exposure, and high-exposure groups. PON1 activities (arylesterase/AREase, CMPAase, and ssPONase (salt-stimulated)) were determined by spectrophotometry, and the Q192R and L55MPON1 genotypes by real-time PCR. The most frequent genotypes were heterozygous (QR) and homozygous (LL) for PON1Q192R and PON1L55M polymorphisms, respectively. The internal factors associated with the activity of PON1 were the PON1 genotypes (55 and 192) and biochemical parameters related to the lipid profile, in contrast, various external factors related to diet and harmful habits as well as with exposure to pesticides were associated with the activity of PON1. However, using a multivariate mixed ordinal regression model, we found a significant reduction of ssPONase activity in the high-exposure group compared with the reference group only in haplotypes QQLL and RRLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Xotlanihua-Gervacio
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Centro, C.P, 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Centro, C.P, 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Centro, C.P, 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Centro, C.P, 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Briscia S Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Centro, C.P, 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n, Col. Centro, C.P, 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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15
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Hernández-Gaytán SI, Díaz-Vásquez FJ, Duran-Arenas LG, López Cervantes M, Rothenberg SJ. 20 Years Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Dengue Fever and Hemorrhagic Fever in Mexico. Arch Med Res 2019; 48:653-662. [PMID: 29402463 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dengue Fever (DF) is a human vector-borne disease and a major public health problem worldwide. In Mexico, DF and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases have increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify variations in the spatial distribution of DF and DHF cases over time using space-time statistical analysis and geographic information systems. METHODS Official data of DF and DHF cases were obtained in 32 states from 1995-2015. Space-time scan statistics were used to determine the space-time clusters of DF and DHF cases nationwide, and a geographic information system was used to display the location of clusters. RESULTS A total of 885,748 DF cases was registered of which 13.4% (n = 119,174) correspond to DHF in the 32 states from 1995-2015. The most likely cluster of DF (relative risk = 25.5) contained the states of Jalisco, Colima, and Nayarit, on the Pacific coast in 2009, and the most likely cluster of DHF (relative risk = 8.5) was in the states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Puebla, Morelos, and Guerrero principally on the Gulf coast over 2006-2015. CONCLUSION The geographic distribution of DF and DHF cases has increased in recent years and cases are significantly clustered in two coastal areas (Pacific and Gulf of Mexico). This provides the basis for further investigation of risk factors as well as interventions in specific areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendy Isarel Hernández-Gaytán
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Javier Díaz-Vásquez
- Coordinación General de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Ministerio de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Salud de la Población, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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16
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Mérida-Ortega Á, Rothenberg SJ, Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Cebrián ME, García-Hernández RM, Ogaz-González R, López-Carrillo L. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and child neurodevelopment among a population exposed to DDT: a cohort study. Environ Health 2019; 18:17. [PMID: 30819201 PMCID: PMC6396452 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child neurodevelopment has been positively linked to maternal intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during pregnancy; however, it is unknown if that relationship persists among populations exposed to environmental neurotoxicants. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to assess whether maternal dietary intake of PUFAs during pregnancy is positively associated with child neurodevelopment, whose mothers were environmentally exposed to 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT). METHODS A prospective cohort study with 276 mother-child pairs was performed in Mexico. Neurodevelopment was assessed by Bayley Scales II from children age 1 to 30 months. Dietary PUFAs intake was estimated by Food Frequency Questionnaire at 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene, the main metabolite of DDT) maternal serum levels were determined by electron capture gas chromatography. Longitudinal multivariate linear mixed-effects analysis, which combines mental (MDI) and motor (PDI) Bayley scales in a single model, were performed. RESULTS Our results show that in a sample environmentally exposed to DDT, maternal ingestion of DPA during the first trimester of pregnancy was positively associated with MDI (β = 0.10, 95% CI 0.02, 0.18) in children from 1 to 30 months. Likewise, our results suggest that dietary ALA may be also related to MDI. CONCLUSION DPA may benefit neurodevelopment even in populations exposed to DDT. Our results strengthen the importance of PUFAs intake during the prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos, CP Mexico
| | - Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos, CP Mexico
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos, CP Mexico
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Subdirección de Investigación en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos, CP Mexico
| | - Mariano E. Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa María García-Hernández
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Ogaz-González
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos, CP Mexico
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos, CP Mexico
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17
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Pantic I, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Rosa-Parra A, Bautista-Arredondo L, Wright RO, Peterson KE, Schnaas L, Rothenberg SJ, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM. Children's Blood Lead Concentrations from 1988 to 2015 in Mexico City: The Contribution of Lead in Air and Traditional Lead-Glazed Ceramics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2153. [PMID: 30274368 PMCID: PMC6210390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the removal of lead from gasoline in 1997, elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) > 5 µg/dL are still detectable in children living in Mexico City. The use of lead-glazed ceramics may explain these persistent exposure levels. Mexico lacks a national surveillance program for BLL, but temporal trends can be derived from epidemiological studies. With this approach, we leveraged a series of birth cohorts to report BLL trends from 1987 to 2002 and expanded our analysis to 2015. Data were from 1⁻5-year-old children from five Mexico City cohorts followed between 1988 and 2015. BLLs are reported on 1963 children, who contributed 4975 BLLs. We estimated the trend of mean BLL, which decreased from 15.7 µg/dL in 1988, to 7.8 µg/dL in 1998 (a year after the total ban of lead in gasoline), to 1.96 µg/dL in 2015. The proportion of BLL ≥ 5 µg/dL decreased from 92% (1988⁻1998) to 8% (2008⁻2015). The use of lead-glazed ceramics was associated with an 11% increase in BLLs throughout the study period. Replacing lead-based glazes in traditional ceramics may be the key to further reducing exposure, but this presents challenges, as it involves a cultural tradition deeply rooted in Mexico. In addition, the creation of a rigorous, standardized, and on-going surveillance program of BLL is necessary for identifying vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pantic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City 03940, CDMX, Mexico.
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Antonio Rosa-Parra
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Luis Bautista-Arredondo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
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Walsh P, Rothenberg SJ. Wheezing after the use of acetaminophen and or ibuprofen for first episode of bronchiolitis or respiratory tract infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203770. [PMID: 30212517 PMCID: PMC6136746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis sometimes triggers the development of subsequent recurrent wheezing. Treatment with either acetaminophen or ibuprofen during the initial episode may affect the occurrence of subsequent wheezing. MATERIALS AND METHODS We did a retrospective study comparing the effect of prescribing acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or neither for a first episode of bronchiolitis on medical attendances for subsequent wheezing in infants younger than 12 months. We created our cohorts using California Medicaid data from 2003 to 2010. We used propensity score derived inverse probability weights to adjust for non-random drug assignment. We used robust negative binomial regression to model incident rate ratios (IRR) for medical attendances at 365, 30, and 14-day follow-up. We did similar analyses for the effect of antipyretics for a first medically attended upper respiratory tract infection (URI) on subsequent wheezing. RESULTS Compared with no antipyretic, treatment with acetaminophen or ibuprofen for a first episode of bronchiolitis was associated with decreased wheezing at 365-day follow-up (IRR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15-0.22), and ibuprofen plus acetaminophen over ibuprofen (IRR at 0.12, 95% CI 0.05-0.32). The results were similar at 30 and 14-day follow-up. Ibuprofen alone and ibuprofen plus acetaminophen were associated with decreased visits for subsequent wheezing at 365-day (IRR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.92), but not earlier timepoints, when compared with acetaminophen. A smaller effect was seen for ibuprofen at one year if prescribed for a URI (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-1.00) but not at earlier follow-up. CONCLUSION Children who are prescribed antipyretics for a first episode of bronchiolitis may have less subsequent wheezing than those who are not. We found fewer visits for subsequent wheezing for those prescribed ibuprofen, and ibuprofen combined with acetaminophen, compared with acetaminophen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Walsh
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sutter Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Gatica-Domínguez G, Rothenberg SJ, Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas MDL, Schmidt RJ, López-Carrillo L. Child dietary intake of folate and vitamin B12 and their neurodevelopment at 24 and 30 months of age. Salud Publica Mex 2018; 60:388-394. [PMID: 30137940 DOI: 10.21149/8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether child dietary intake of folate and vitamin B12, is associated with mental and psychomotor development in Mexican children, respectively, at 24 and 30 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about neurodevelopment and dietary intake of folate and vitamin B12 at 24 and 30 months of age among 229 children belonging to a perinatal cohort was analyzed longitudinally. Dietary information was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and neurodevelopment by Bayley Scale of Infant Development II. RESULTS At 30 months of age, dietary folate intake was marginally associated with increased Mental Development Index (MDI) (b=8.33; 95%CI -0.48, 17.14; p=0.06). Nonsignificant positive associations of vitamin B12 with MDI were found. Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) was not associated with these nutrients. CONCLUSIONS Dietary folate intake in early childhood may benefit the mental development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María de Lourdes Schnaas
- Subdirección de Investigación en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California. Davis CA, USA
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Ogaz-González R, Mérida-Ortega Á, Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Cebrián ME, Rothenberg SJ, García-Hernández RM, López-Carrillo L. Maternal dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids modifies association between prenatal DDT exposure and child neurodevelopment: A cohort study. Environ Pollut 2018; 238:698-705. [PMID: 29621729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) serum levels during pregnancy have been negatively linked to child neurodevelopment in contrast to intake of omega-3 and -6 (ω-3 and ω-6) fatty acids. OBJECTIVES To assess whether maternal dietary intake of ω-3 and ω-6 during pregnancy modifies the association between exposure to DDE and child neurodevelopment from age 42-60 months. METHODS Prospective cohort study with 142 mother-child pairs performed in Mexico. DDE serum levels were determined by electron capture gas chromatography. Dietary ω-3 and ω-6 intake was estimated by questionnaire. Child neurodevelopment was assessed by McCarthy Scales. RESULTS Docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acid intake significantly modified the association between DDE and motor component: increased maternal DDE was associated with lower motor development in children whose mothers had lower DHA intake (βlog2DDE = -1.25; 95% CI: -2.62, 0.12), in contrast to the non-significant increase among children whose mothers had higher DHA intake (βlog2DDE-motor = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.56). Likewise, arachidonic fatty acid (ARA) intake modified the association between DDE and memory component: increased maternal DDE was associated with a significantly larger reduction in the memory component in children whose mothers had lower ARA intake (βlog2DDE = -1.31; 95% CI: -2.29, -0.32) than children whose mothers had higher ARA intake (βlog2DDE-memory = 0.17; 95% CI: -0.78, 1.11). CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of DHA and ARA during pregnancy may protect against child neurodevelopment damage associated with prenatal maternal DDE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ogaz-González
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Subdirección de Investigación en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Calle Montes Urales 800, Miguel Hidalgo, Lomas Virreyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Rosa María García-Hernández
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Quiller G, Mérida-Ortega Á, Rothenberg SJ, Cebrián ME, Gandolfi AJ, Franco-Marina F, López-Carrillo L. Dietary flavonoids improve urinary arsenic elimination among Mexican women. Nutr Res 2018; 55:65-71. [PMID: 29914629 PMCID: PMC6011230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure increases risk of several diseases, including cancer. Some nutrients such as flavonoids enhance glutathione activity, which in turn play a key role in iAs elimination. Our objective was to explore whether dietary non-soy flavonoids are associated with iAs metabolism. We hypothesized that the intake of flavonoids belonging to the following groups, flavan-3-ols, flavone, flavonol, flavanone, and anthocyanidin, is positively associated with urinary dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), which is the most soluble iAs metabolite excreted. We performed a cross-sectional study that included 1027 women living in an arsenic-contaminated area of northern Mexico. Flavonoid intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Concentration of urinary iAs and its metabolites (monomethylarsonic acid and DMA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography ICP-MS. Results showed positive significant associations between DMA and the flavonoid groups flava-3-ols (β= 0.0112) and flavones (β= 0.0144), as well as the individual intake of apigenin (β= 0.0115), luteolin (β= 0.0138), and eriodictyol (β= 0.0026). Our findings suggest that certain non-soy flavonoids may improve iAs elimination; however, there is still very limited information available regarding the consumption of flavonoids and iAs metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Quiller
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A.; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Francisco Franco-Marina
- Department of Research in Epidemiology and Social Sciences in Health, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Abstract
Objective We hypothesized (1) that gastrointestinal (GI) and renal adverse events (AE) would occur more often in infants first prescribed ibuprofen before rather than after six months of age and (2) that ibuprofen would be associated with more adverse effects than acetaminophen in infants younger than six months. Methods We created two partly overlapping retrospective cohorts of infants aged less than six months when California Medicaid first paid for ibuprofen or acetaminophen between 2004 and 2010. In the first cohort we compared the incidence rate ratio (RR) of GI and renal AE between those infants first prescribed ibuprofen before six months of age with those first prescribed ibuprofen after six months of age. In the second cohort we compared the RR of GI and renal AE between infants younger than six months prescribed ibuprofen (+/-acetaminophen) with those prescribed only acetaminophen. Results We identified 41,669 prescriptions for ibuprofen and 176,991 prescriptions for acetaminophen in 180,333 eligible infants (median age 2.1 months). We did not observe higher RR of any AE in infants first prescribed ibuprofen before rather than after six months of age. Most infants prescribed ibuprofen were also prescribed acetaminophen. Any GI (adjusted (a)RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.38) and moderate or severe GI AE (aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.09–1.40) were more common in infants younger than six months who were prescribed ibuprofen versus acetaminophen alone. Severe GI (aRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.27–1.45) and renal AE (aRR 1.84 95% CI 0.66–5.19) were not different between the ibuprofen (+/-acetaminophen) and acetaminophen-only groups. Conclusions GI and renal AEs were not higher in infants younger than six months who were prescribed ibuprofen compared with those aged six to 12 months. AEs were increased in infants younger than six months who were prescribed ibuprofen compared with infants who were prescribed acetaminophen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Walsh
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sutter Medical Center Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Heejung Bang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Gutiérrez-Avila I, Rojas-Bracho L, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Kloog I, Just AC, Rothenberg SJ. Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality Associated With Acute Exposure to PM 2.5 in Mexico City. Stroke 2018; 49:1734-1736. [PMID: 29895537 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate these associations with specific causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in Mexico City. METHODS We obtained daily mortality records for Mexico City from 2004 to 2013 for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular causes in people ≥25 and ≥65 years old. Exposure to PM2.5 was assessed with daily estimates from a new hybrid spatiotemporal model using satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth PM2.5 and compared to ground level PM2.5 measurements with missing data estimated with generalized additive models PM2.5. We fitted Poisson regression models with distributed lags for all mortality outcomes. RESULTS An increase of 10 µg/m3 in aerosol optical depth PM2.5 was associated with increased cardiovascular (1.22%; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-2.28) and cerebrovascular mortality (3.43%; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-6.28) for lag days 0 to 1 (lag 0-1). Stronger effects were identified for hemorrhagic stroke and people ≥65 years. Associations were slightly smaller using generalized additive models PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS These results support the evidence that acute exposure to PM2.5 is associated with increased risk of specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Gutiérrez-Avila
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico (I.G.-A., H.R.-R., S.J.R.)
| | | | - Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico (I.G.-A., H.R.-R., S.J.R.)
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.)
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.C.J.)
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico (I.G.-A., H.R.-R., S.J.R.)
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Barquera S, Hernández-Barrera L, Rothenberg SJ, Cifuentes E. The obesogenic environment around elementary schools: food and beverage marketing to children in two Mexican cities. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:461. [PMID: 29625608 PMCID: PMC5889561 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unhealthy environments and food advertisements are major determinants of childhood obesity. Recent regulation has banned unhealthy foods from schools in Mexico. However, currently there is no regulation limiting exposure to food marketing around schools. Thus, our objective was to analyze the characteristics of food advertising practices around 60 elementary schools in two cities and to evaluate compliance with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recommendations and the local food industry self-regulatory marketing code. Methods Data were collected during the period of October 2012 to March 2013. A random sample of elementary schools was selected from two Mexican cities. Using geographic information systems, we drew a 100-m-diameter buffer around each school. Trained personnel obtained photographs to assess the locations and types of food advertisements. Our results were stratified by school type and by indicators of compliance with the PAHO and industry recommendations. We developed a multivariate negative binomial regression model to determine factors predicting the number of advertisements around schools. Results The number of advertisements was significantly higher around public schools than around private schools (6.5 ± 5.6 vs. 2.4 ± 3.5, p < 0.05). Printed posters were the most common type of marketing medium (97%), showing mostly sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet breads, candies, and bottled water. Promotions, such as special prices or gifts, were included on 30% of printed posters. Food advertising practices were often in compliance with industry recommendations (83%) but not with those from the PAHO (32%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results support the importance of monitoring the obesogenic environment and identifying policy tools to protect children from food marketing not only inside schools but also around them, particularly in lower income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Barquera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lucia Hernández-Barrera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Cifuentes
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Osorio-Valencia E, Torres-Sánchez L, López-Carrillo L, Rothenberg SJ, Schnaas L. Early motor development and cognitive abilities among Mexican preschoolers. Child Neuropsychol 2017; 24:1015-1025. [PMID: 28720023 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2017.1354979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychomotricity plays a very important role in children's development, especially for learning involving reading-writing and mathematical calculations. Evaluate motor development in children 3 years old and its relationship with their cognitive abilities at the age of 5 years. Based on a cohort study, we analyzed the information about motor performance evaluated at 3 years old by Peabody Motor Scale and cognitive abilities at 5 years old. The association was estimated using linear regression models adjusted by mother's intelligence quotient, sex, Bayley mental development index at 18 months, and quality of the environment at home (HOME scale). 148 children whose motor performance was determined at age 3 and was evaluated later at age 5 to determine their cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities (verbal, quantitative, and memory) measured by McCarthy Scales. Significant positive associations were observed between stationary balance at age 3 with verbal abilities (β = 0.67, p = .04) and memory (β = 0.81, p = .02) at 5 years. Grasping and visual-motor integration were significant and positively associated with quantitative abilities (β = 0.74, p = .005; β = 0.61, p = .01) and memory (β = 2.11, p = .001; β = 1.74, p = .004). The results suggest that early motor performance contributes to the establishment of cognitive abilities at 5 years. Evaluation and early motor stimulation before the child is faced with formal learning likely helps to create neuronal networks that facilitate the acquisition of academic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Osorio-Valencia
- a Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- b Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- b Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- b Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- a Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes" , Mexico City, Mexico
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Walsh P, Cunningham P, Merchant S, Walker N, Heffner J, Shanholtzer L, Rothenberg SJ. Derivation of Candidate Clinical Decision Rules to Identify Infants at Risk for Central Apnea. Pediatrics 2015; 136:e1228-36. [PMID: 26482666 PMCID: PMC4621801 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Central apnea complicates, and may be the presenting complaint in, bronchiolitis. Our objective was to prospectively derive candidate clinical decision rules (CDRs) to identify infants in the emergency department (ED) who are at risk for central apnea. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study over 8 years. The primary outcome was central apnea subsequent to the initial ED visit. Infants were enrolled if they presented with central apnea or bronchiolitis. We excluded infants with obstructive apnea, neonatal jaundice, trauma, or suspected sepsis. We developed 3 candidate CDRs by using 3 techniques: (1) Poisson regression clustered on the individual, (2) classification and regression tree analysis (CART), and (3) a random forest (RF). RESULTS We analyzed 990 ED visits for 892 infants. Central apnea subsequently occurred in the hospital in 41 (5%) patients. Parental report of apnea, previous history of apnea, congenital heart disease, birth weight ≤2.5 kg, lower weight, and age ≤6 weeks all identified a group at high risk for subsequent central apnea. All CDRs and RFs were 100% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI] 91%-100%) and had a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 99%-100%) for the subsequent apnea. Specificity ranged from 61% to 65% (95% CI 58%-68%) for CDRs based on Poisson models; 65% to 77% (95% CI 62%-90%) for CART; and 81% to 91% (95% CI 78%-92%) for RF models. CONCLUSIONS All candidate CDRs had a negative predictive value of 100% for subsequent central apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Walsh
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sutter Medical Center, Sacramento, California; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California;
| | - Pádraig Cunningham
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Sabrina Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California
| | - Nicholas Walker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California
| | - Jacquelyn Heffner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California
| | - Lucas Shanholtzer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California
| | - Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Walsh P, Rothenberg SJ. American Academy of Pediatrics 2014 bronchiolitis guidelines: bonfire of the evidence. West J Emerg Med 2015; 16:85-8. [PMID: 25671015 PMCID: PMC4307733 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2015.1.24930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Walsh
- University of California, Davis, Department of Emergency Medicine, Davis, California ; Sutter Medical Centers of Sacramento, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Osorio-Valencia E, Torres-Sánchez L, López-Carrillo L, Cebrián ME, Rothenberg SJ, Hernández Chávez MDC, Schnaas L. Prenatal p,p'-DDE exposure and establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation in Mexican preschooler. Neurotoxicology 2015; 47:1-7. [PMID: 25572880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE is associated with impairments in motor development during the first year of life, with no related repercussions on mental or motor development at 12-30 months and with impairments in cognitive areas, but not in perceptual and motor areas at preschool age. However, its association with particular psychomotor factors, such as establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation, essential elements to the overall learning and specifically reading, writing and spelling in preschoolers, has not been independently evaluated, since cognitive and motor areas have only been explored globally. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and the establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation in children 5 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Establishment of lateralization and spatial orientation was evaluated using the McCarthy Scale of Children's Abilities, with 167 children 5 years of age who participated in a birth cohort in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The information available for each child included: serum concentrations of p,p'-DDE of the mother during at least one trimester of pregnancy, mothers' intelligence quotients, stimulation at home and anthropometry. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the association between prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and lateralization and a multiple linear regression model was used for the association with spatial orientation. RESULTS A two-fold increase in p,p'-DDE in lipid base during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with a significant reduction, -0.18 points (95% CI -0.41; 0.04, in the spatial orientation index, with no impairment in the establishment of hemispheric dominance. Attending preschool and the maternal intelligence quotient were the main determinants of spatial orientation and the establishment of hemispheric dominance. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE may affect the 5 year old's ability to identify spatial orientation of oneself and surrounding objects. Given the observed role of attending preschool in the functions studied, early attendance in formal education might serve as a stimulation strategy for preschoolers. These preliminary results should be verified and expanded in further prospective studies with DDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Osorio-Valencia
- National Institute of Perinatology "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", México, D.F., Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lourdes Schnaas
- National Institute of Perinatology "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", México, D.F., Mexico.
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Zamoiski RD, Guallar E, García-Vargas GG, Rothenberg SJ, Resnick C, Andrade MR, Steuerwald AJ, Parsons PJ, Weaver VM, Navas-Acien A, Silbergeld EK. Association of arsenic and metals with concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D among adolescents in Torreón, Mexico. Environ Health Perspect 2014; 122:1233-8. [PMID: 25095279 PMCID: PMC4216165 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data suggest that lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and uranium (U) may disrupt vitamin D metabolism and inhibit production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], the active vitamin D metabolite, from 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in the kidney. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between blood lead (BPb) and urine arsenic (As), Cd, molybdenum (Mo), thallium (Tl), and U with markers of vitamin D metabolism [25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D]. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 512 adolescents in Torreón, a town in Mexico with a Pb smelter near residential areas. BPb was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Urine As, Cd, Mo, Tl, and U were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay and a radioimmunoassay, respectively. Multivariable linear models with vitamin D markers as the outcome were used to estimate associations of BPb and creatinine-corrected urine As and metal concentrations with serum vitamin D concentrations, controlling for age, sex, adiposity, smoking, socioeconomic status, and time outdoors. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with urine Mo and Tl [1.5 (95% CI: 0.4, 2.6) and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.3, 2.1) ng/mL higher with a doubling of exposure, respectively]. Serum 1,25(OH)2D was positively associated with urine As and U [3.4 (95% CI: 0.9, 5.9) and 2.2 (95% CI: 0.7, 3.7) pg/mL higher, respectively], with little change in associations after additional adjustment for serum 25(OH)D. Pb and Cd were not associated with 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings did not support a negative effect of As or metal exposures on serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations. Additional research is needed to confirm positive associations between serum 1,25(OH)2D and urine U and As concentrations and to clarify potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Zamoiski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Garcia-Vargas GG, Rothenberg SJ, Silbergeld EK, Weaver V, Zamoiski R, Resnick C, Rubio-Andrade M, Parsons PJ, Steuerwald AJ, Navas-Acién A, Guallar E. Spatial clustering of toxic trace elements in adolescents around the Torreón, Mexico lead-zinc smelter. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2014; 24:634-42. [PMID: 24549228 PMCID: PMC4737620 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High blood lead (BPb) levels in children and elevated soil and dust arsenic, cadmium, and lead were previously found in Torreón, northern Mexico, host to the world's fourth largest lead-zinc metal smelter. The objectives of this study were to determine spatial distributions of adolescents with higher BPb and creatinine-corrected urine total arsenic, cadmium, molybdenum, thallium, and uranium around the smelter. Cross-sectional study of 512 male and female subjects 12-15 years of age was conducted. We measured BPb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and urine trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, with dynamic reaction cell mode for arsenic. We constructed multiple regression models including sociodemographic variables and adjusted for subject residence spatial correlation with spatial lag or error terms. We applied local indicators of spatial association statistics to model residuals to identify hot spots of significant spatial clusters of subjects with higher trace elements. We found spatial clusters of subjects with elevated BPb (range 3.6-14.7 μg/dl) and urine cadmium (0.18-1.14 μg/g creatinine) adjacent to and downwind of the smelter and elevated urine thallium (0.28-0.93 μg/g creatinine) and uranium (0.07-0.13 μg/g creatinine) near ore transport routes, former waste, and industrial discharge sites. The conclusion derived from this study was that spatial clustering of adolescents with high BPb and urine cadmium adjacent to and downwind of the smelter and residual waste pile, areas identified over a decade ago with high lead and cadmium in soil and dust, suggests that past and/or present plant operations continue to present health risks to children in those neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo G. Garcia-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio Durango, México
- Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigatión en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ellen K. Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Virginia Weaver
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Zamoiski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol Resnick
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisela Rubio-Andrade
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio Durango, México
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Amy J. Steuerwald
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acién
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Gomez Camponovo M, Seoane Muniz G, Rothenberg SJ, Umpiérrez Vazquez E, Achkar Borras M. Predictive model for chloroform during disinfection of water for consumption, city of Montevideo. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186:6711-6719. [PMID: 24981876 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to predict chloroform formation resulting from the process of disinfecting water, particularly trihalomethane which is most frequently produced. A statistical model was used which included repeated measurements of water parameters used for monitoring water quality at 51 sites covering the municipal water system of Montevideo. Samples were taken considering different seasons from June 2009 to July 2011 in Montevideo. Total samples (n = 330) were analytically studied using the headspace-gas chromatography method coupled with mass spectrometry. Chloroform was the dependent variable and the covariables were pH, temperature, free chlorine, and total chlorine. A Tobit analysis with an unstructured correlation matrix was performed, and a significant interaction was found between pH and free chlorine for the prediction of chloroform formation. We concluded that parameters for the continuous control of water quality for consumption can be used to predict the levels of chloroform that may be present. Given the large measurement to variability found in the repeated measurements, the use of averages that include more than one season is not recommended to determine the degree of compliance with acceptable levels established by norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gomez Camponovo
- Social Medicine, Paysandú Center, Universidad de la República, Florida 1051, CP 60000, Paysandú, Uruguay
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Weaver VM, Vargas GG, Silbergeld EK, Rothenberg SJ, Fadrowski JJ, Rubio-Andrade M, Parsons PJ, Steuerwald AJ, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E. Impact of urine concentration adjustment method on associations between urine metals and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in adolescents. Environ Res 2014; 132:226-32. [PMID: 24815335 PMCID: PMC4128831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Positive associations between urine toxicant levels and measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have been reported recently in a range of populations. The explanation for these associations, in a direction opposite that of traditional nephrotoxicity, is uncertain. Variation in associations by urine concentration adjustment approach has also been observed. Associations of urine cadmium, thallium and uranium in models of serum creatinine- and cystatin-C-based estimated GFR (eGFR) were examined using multiple linear regression in a cross-sectional study of adolescents residing near a lead smelter complex. Urine concentration adjustment approaches compared included urine creatinine, urine osmolality and no adjustment. Median age, blood lead and urine cadmium, thallium and uranium were 13.9 years, 4.0 μg/dL, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.04 g/g creatinine, respectively, in 512 adolescents. Urine cadmium and thallium were positively associated with serum creatinine-based eGFR only when urine creatinine was used to adjust for urine concentration (β coefficient=3.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2); 95% confidence interval=1.4, 4.8 per each doubling of urine cadmium). Weaker positive associations, also only with urine creatinine adjustment, were observed between these metals and serum cystatin-C-based eGFR and between urine uranium and serum creatinine-based eGFR. Additional research using non-creatinine-based methods of adjustment for urine concentration is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Weaver
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Gonzalo García Vargas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Juárez of Durango State, Durango, Mexico; Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Coahuila, Coahuila, México
| | - Ellen K Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jeffrey J Fadrowski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Amy J Steuerwald
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Vázquez-Salas RA, López-Carrillo L, Menezes-Filho JA, Rothenberg SJ, Cebrián ME, Schnaas L, Viana GFDS, Torres-Sánchez L. Prenatal molybdenum exposure and infant neurodevelopment in Mexican children. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 17:72-80. [PMID: 24479423 DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to molybdenum (Mo) and infant neurodevelopment during the first 30 months of life. METHODS We selected a random sample of 147 children who participated in a prospective cohort study in four municipalities in the State of Morelos, Mexico. The children were the products of uncomplicated pregnancies with no perinatal asphyxia, with a weight of ≥2 kg at birth, and whose mothers had no history of chronic illnesses. These women were monitored before, during, and after the pregnancy. For each of these children a maternal urine sample was available for at least one trimester of pregnancy, and urine Mo levels were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the psychomotor (PDI) and mental development indices (MDI) of the Bayley scale. Association between prenatal exposure to Mo and infant neurodevelopment was estimated using generalized mixed effect models. RESULTS The average urinary concentrations of Mo adjusted for creatinine varied between 45.6 and 54.0 µg/g of creatinine at first and third trimester, respectively. For each doubling increase of Mo (μg/g creatinine) during the third trimester of pregnancy, we observed a significant reduction on PDI (β = -0.57 points; P = 0.03), and no effect on MDI (β = 0.07 points; P = 0.66). DISCUSSION As this is the first study that suggests a potential negative association between prenatal Mo exposure and infant neurodevelopment, these results require further confirmation.
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Martínez-Peña RM, Hoogesteijn AL, Rothenberg SJ, Cervera-Montejano MD, Pacheco-Ávila JG. Cleaning products, environmental awareness and risk perception in Mérida, Mexico. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74352. [PMID: 24009770 PMCID: PMC3751835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleaning products are associated with many health and environmental problems. Contamination of water resources by cleaning products is more likely to occur with septic tanks as sewage treatment systems especially in karstic terrains. We explored women’s ideas about water sources and the risk cleaning products pose to health and sewage in Mérida, a city in the Yucatán peninsula of Mexico. Women were unaware of the city’s water management system. We found a positive and statistically significant association between risk perception and environmental awareness, education level and employment status. We suggest developing education and risk communication strategies to inform residents about the hydro-geological features in the Yucatán, the vulnerability of its karstic aquifer and the health and environmental risks associated with cleaning agents.
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Barrón-Vivanco BS, Rothenberg SJ, Medina-Díaz IM, Robledo-Marenco L, Rojas-García AE, Hernández-Cadena L, Poblete-Naredo I, Elizondo G, Albores A. AKRs expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from smokers: the role of body mass index. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:418-26. [PMID: 22872607 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112455071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) metabolize a wide range of substrates, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), generating metabolites (o-quinones) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are capable of initiating and promoting carcinogenesis. Exposure to PAHs, their metabolites, and ROS further increase AKRs isoform expression that may amplify oxidative damage. Human AKR enzymes are highly polymorphic, and allelic variants may contribute to different AKRs expression in individuals. Despite the importance of AKRs in PAHs metabolism, there are no studies that evaluate, in general human populations, the effect of PAHs on AKRs expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tobacco smoke exposure, and AKR1A1*2 and AKR1C3*2 polymorphisms, on AKR1A1 and AKR1C1-AKR1C3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in PBLs from smokers. In the smoker group, there is a statistically significant positive association between AKR1A1, AKR1C1, and AKR1C3 mRNA induction and urine cotinine levels in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) less than 25. However, AKR1A1*2 and AKR1C3*2 alleles did not influence AKR1A1 and AKR1C1-AKR1C3 mRNA levels. These results suggest that AKRs induction by PAHs in smokers' PBLs is associated with BMI; therefore, the role of adipose tissue accumulation in PAHs' effects needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Barrón-Vivanco
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Torres-Sánchez L, Schnaas L, Rothenberg SJ, Cebrián ME, Osorio-Valencia E, Hernández MDC, García-Hernández RM, López-Carrillo L. Prenatal p,p´-DDE exposure and neurodevelopment among children 3.5-5 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:263-8. [PMID: 23151722 PMCID: PMC3569679 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to bis[p-chlorophenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and to its main metabolite, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), impairs psychomotor development during the first year of life. However, information about the persistence of this association at later ages is limited. OBJECTIVES We assessed the association of prenatal DDE exposure with child neurodevelopment at 42-60 months of age. METHODS Since 2001 we have been monitoring the neurodevelopment in children who were recruited at birth into a perinatal cohort exposed to DDT, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. We report McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities for 203 children at 42, 48, 54, and 60 months of age. Maternal DDE serum levels were available for at least one trimester of pregnancy. The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment scale and other covariables of interest were also available. RESULTS After adjustment, a doubling of DDE during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with statistically significant reductions of -1.37, -0.88, -0.84, and -0.80 points in the general cognitive index, quantitative, verbal, and memory components respectively. The association between prenatal DDE and the quantitative component was weaker at 42 months than at older ages. No significant statistical interactions with sex or breastfeeding were observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that prenatal DDE impairs early child neurodevelopment; the potential for adverse effects on development should be considered when using DDT for malaria control.
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Hernández-Gaytan SI, Rothenberg SJ, Landsbergis P, Becerril LC, De León-León G, Collins SM, Díaz-Vásquez FJ. Job strain and heart rate variability in resident physicians within a general hospital. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:38-48. [PMID: 22886873 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of heart rate variability with job strain in first year resident physicians. METHODS We performed the study at the "Manuel Gea González" General Hospital in Mexico City. 54 resident doctors were studied over a period of 24 hr in their first year of specialization. Two questionnaires were administered: the first on general demographics, and the second, the Job Content Questionnaire. Heart rate variability was evaluated through the frequency domain (low-frequency power, high-frequency power, and low-frequency power/high-frequency power ratio) and time domain (SDNN). The doctors wore a Holter monitor over a 24-hr period, which included a workday plus their on-call time. They recorded their activities in a log. RESULTS Compared to physicians in the "low strain" category, physicians working in the "passive" category had lower overall peak-to-peak cardiac variability (standard deviation of N-N intervals, SDNN), -9.08% (95% CI -17.97, 0.74), a -25% (95% CI -45.00, 0.22) lower high-frequency power, and -26.95% (95% CI -39.00, -12.53) lower low-frequency power. Physicians working in the "high strain" category had lower low-frequency power, -17.85% (95%CI -32.34, -0.25), and lower low-frequency/high-frequency ratio -24.29% (95% CI 38.08, 7.42) compared to those in the "low strain" category. CONCLUSIONS High job strain and low job control among medical residents were associated with several indicators of lowered heart rate variability. Thus, analysis of heart rate variability may be an informative marker for evaluating the physiological impacts of workplace stressors.
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Osorio-Yáñez C, García-Tavera JL, Pérez-Núñez MT, Poblete-Naredo I, Muñoz B, Barron-Vivanco BS, Rothenberg SJ, Zapata-Pérez O, Albores A. Benzo(a)pyrene induces hepatic AKR1A1 mRNA expression in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:438-44. [PMID: 22394341 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.666684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AKR1A1 or aldehyde reductase is a member of the aldo-keto reductases superfamily that is evolutionarily conserved among species. AKR1A1 is one of the five AKRs (AKR1A1 and 1C1-1C4) implicated in the metabolic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) activation to reactive BaP 7,8-dione. BaP is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems and its metabolic activation is necessary to produce its toxic effects. Although the presence of AKR1A1 in fish has been reported, its tissue distribution in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and AKR1A1 inducibility by BaP are not known yet. Moreover, cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA expression in fish has been used as a PAH biomarker of effect. Therefore, BaP effects on AKR1A1 and CYP1A gene expressions in tilapia, a species of commercial interest, were investigated by real-time RT-PCR. A partial AKR1A1 cDNA was identified, sequenced and compared with AKR1A1 reported sequences in the GenBank DNA database. Constitutive AKR1A1 mRNA expression was detected mainly in liver, similarly to that of CYP1A. BaP exposure resulted in statistically significant AKR1A1 and CYP1A mRNA induction in liver (20- and 120-fold, respectively) at 24 h. On the other hand, ethoxyquin (EQ) was used as control inducer for AKR1A1 mRNA. Interestingly, EQ also induced CYP1A mRNA levels in tilapia liver. Our results suggest that teleost AKR1A1, in addition to CYP1A, are inducible by BaP. The mechanism of AKR1A1 induction by BaP and its role in fish susceptibility to BaP toxic effects remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, San Pedro Zacatenco, México City, Mexico
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Sánchez-Guerra M, Pelallo-Martínez N, Díaz-Barriga F, Rothenberg SJ, Hernández-Cadena L, Faugeron S, Oropeza-Hernández LF, Guaderrama-Díaz M, Quintanilla-Vega B. Environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and DNA damage in Mexican children. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2012; 742:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chee C, Walsh P, Kuan S, Cabangangan J, Azimian K, Dong C, Tobias J, Rothenberg SJ. Emergency Department Septic Screening in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Non-RSV Bronchiolitis. West J Emerg Med 2010; 11:60-7. [PMID: 20411078 PMCID: PMC2850856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with culture-proven serious bacterial infection (SBI) and positive emergency department septic screening (EDSS) tests in children with bronchiolitis and to identify factors associated with the performance of EDSS. METHODS We reviewed an existing study database of patients with bronchiolitis. We defined a positive EDSS as urine with >/=10 WBC per high power field or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with >/=10 WBC per high power field (>25 WBC in neonates), or if organisms were identified on gram stain. We defined SBI as significant growth of an accepted pathogen in blood, urine or CSF. Our composite endpoint was positive if either of these was positive. The decision to perform testing was modeled using modified Poisson regression; the presence of the combined outcome was modeled using logistic regression modified for rare events. RESULTS We studied 640 children. Testing was performed in 199/640 (31.1%). These tended to be younger than two months RR 2.69 (95% CI 2.11, 3.44), febrile RR 2.01 (95% CI 1.58, 2.55), more dehydrated RR 1.50 (95% CI 1.28, 1.75) and had more severe chest wall retractions RR 1.54 (95% CI 1.22, 1.94). Only 11/640(1.7%) had a positive EDSS or SBI. Younger age (OR 0.67 per month; 95% CI 0.45, 0.99) and a negative RSV antigen test (OR 6.22; 95% CI 1.30, 29.85) were associated with the composite endpoint. CONCLUSION Testing was more likely to be performed in children younger than two months of age, and in those who were febrile, dehydrated, and had more severe chest wall retractions. A positive EDSS or SBI was rare occurring in younger infants with non-RSV bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chee
- Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, CA
| | - Paul Walsh
- Kern Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,Address for Correspondence: Paul Walsh MB, BCh, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1830 Flower St.., Bakersfield, CA 93305.
| | - Sam Kuan
- Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, CA
| | | | - Kian Azimian
- Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, CA
| | - Christopher Dong
- Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, CA
| | - Joshua Tobias
- Kern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bakersfield, CA
| | - Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (I.P.N), México
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Moreno-Banda G, Blanco-Muñoz J, Lacasaña M, Rothenberg SJ, Aguilar-Garduño C, Gamboa R, Pérez-Méndez O. Maternal exposure to floricultural work during pregnancy, PON1 Q192R polymorphisms and the risk of low birth weight. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:5478-5485. [PMID: 19646734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence from animal studies of impaired reproductive function by exposure to organophosphates (OP), the effects on birth weight have not been sufficiently evaluated in epidemiological studies. Paraoxonase (PON1) detoxifies organophosphates by cleavage of active oxons. Some PON1 gene polymorphisms could reduce the enzyme activity and increase susceptibility to OP toxicity. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between maternal exposure to floriculture during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight (<2500 g) in their offspring, as well as to evaluate the interaction between this exposure and maternal genotype for PON1 Q192R polymorphisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in two Mexican states (States of Mexico and Morelos) with high frequencies of greenhouse activity. We interviewed and collected blood samples from 264 females (floriculturists or partners of floricultural workers) who became pregnant during the 10 years prior to the interview. The questionnaire measured socioeconomic characteristics, tobacco and alcohol consumption, diseases and occupational and reproductive history. We also applied a food frequency questionnaire. Information was obtained pertaining to 467 pregnancies. DNA was extracted from white cells, and PON1 genotype was determined by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for Q192R polymorphisms. Results were analyzed with generalized estimating equations models. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, we detected a statistically significant interaction between maternal exposure to flower growing work during pregnancy and PON1 Q192R polymorphisms on risk of low birth weight. The risk of having a baby with LBW is nearly six times higher if a mother is a floriculture worker during pregnancy and has PON1 192RR genotype (OR 5.93, 95% CI 1.28, 27.5). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the interaction between maternal floriculture work during pregnancy and 192RR PON1 genotype increases the probability of having children with LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moreno-Banda
- Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios, Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán, México, E-mail:
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Brunkard JM, Cifuentes E, Rothenberg SJ. Assessing the roles of temperature, precipitation, and ENSO in dengue re-emergence on the Texas-Mexico border region. Salud Publica Mex 2008; 50:227-34. [PMID: 18516370 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-36342008000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess linkages between microclimate and longer-term ENSO-related weather forcing on the week-to-week changes in dengue prevalence in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, over a recent decade of dengue observations. MATERIAL AND METHODS An auto-regressive model to evaluate the role of climatic factors (sea-surface temperature) and weather (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation) on dengue incidence over the period 1995-2005, was developed by conducting time-series analysis. RESULTS Dengue incidence increased by 2.6% (95% CI: 0.2-5.1) one week after every 1 degree Celsius increase in weekly maximum temperature and increased 1.9% (95% CI: -0.1-3.9) two weeks after every 1 cm increase in weekly precipitation. Every 1 masculineC increase in sea surface temperatures (El Niño region 3.4 ) was followed by a 19.4% (95% CI: -4.7-43.5) increase in dengue incidence (18 weeks later). CONCLUSIONS Climate and weather factors play a small but significant role in dengue transmission in Matamoros, Mexico. This study may provide baseline information for identifying potential longer-term effects of global climate change on dengue expected in the coming decades. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the potential associations between climate and weather events and dengue incidence in this geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Brunkard
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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Brunkard JM, Robles López JL, Ramirez J, Cifuentes E, Rothenberg SJ, Hunsperger EA, Moore CG, Brussolo RM, Villarreal NA, Haddad BM. Dengue fever seroprevalence and risk factors, Texas-Mexico border, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 13:1477-83. [PMID: 18257990 PMCID: PMC2851499 DOI: 10.3201/eid1310.061586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High seroprevalence of dengue was found on both sides of the border. Reported autochthonous dengue fever transmission in the United States has been limited to 5 south Texas border counties since 1980. We conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey in Brownsville, Texas, and Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico (n = 600), in 2004 to assess dengue seroprevalence. Recent dengue infection was detected in 2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5%–3.5%) and 7.3% (95% CI 4.3%–10.3%) of residents in Brownsville and Matamoros, respectively. Past infection was detected in 40% (95% CI 34%–45%) of Brownsville residents and 78% (95% CI 74%–83%) of Matamoros residents. For recent infection, only weekly family income <$100 was a significant predictor (adjusted odds ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–8.0). Risk factors that predicted past dengue infection were presence of larval habitat, absence of air-conditioning and street drainage, and weekly family income <$100. Mosquito larvae were present in 30% of households in both cities. Our results show that dengue fever is endemic in this area of the southern Texas–Mexico border.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of nebulized racemic epinephrine to nebulized racemic albuterol on successful discharge from the emergency department (ED). METHODS Children up to their 18th month of life presenting to two teaching hospital EDs with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis who were ill enough to warrant treatment but did not need immediate intubation were eligible for this double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients received either three doses of racemic albuterol or one dose of racemic epinephrine plus two saline nebulizers. Disposition was decided 2 hours after the first nebulizer. Successful discharge was defined as not requiring additional bronchodilators in the ED after study drug administration and not subsequently admitted within 72 hours. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) were estimated using the modified Poisson regression with successful discharge as the dependent variable and study drug and severity of illness as exposures. Secondary analysis was performed for patients aged less than 12 months and first presentation. RESULTS The authors analyzed 703 patients; 352 patients were given albuterol and 351 epinephrine. A total of 173 in the albuterol group and 160 in the epinephrine group were successfully discharged (crude RR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92 to 1.26). When adjusted for severity of illness, patients who received albuterol were significantly more likely than patients receiving epinephrine to be successfully discharged (aRR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.36). This was also true among those with first presentation and in those less than 12 months of age. CONCLUSIONS In children up to the 18th month of life, ED treatment of bronchiolitis with nebulized racemic albuterol led to more successful discharges than nebulized epinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Walsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA, USA.
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Hurtado-Díaz M, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Rothenberg SJ, Gomez-Dantés H, Cifuentes E. Short communication: impact of climate variability on the incidence of dengue in Mexico. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12:1327-37. [PMID: 17956543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of weather variables and climatic indicators associated with the incidence of dengue in two municipalities of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, from 1995 to 2003. A retrospective ecological study was conducted, using time-series analysis in which we compiled the weekly reported cases of dengue and the weather and climatic parameters: temperature, rainfall and sea-surface temperature (SST), the latter as an El Niño Southern Oscillation indicator. We statistically evaluated the data with autogressive models. The models' predictive abilities were evaluated using data collected from 1995 to 2002 and were validated with those observed for 2003. Each degree Centigrade increase in SST was followed by an increase in the number of dengue cases: 46% in San Andrés Tuxtla (P = 0.001) 16 weeks later and 42% in Veracruz 20 weeks later (P = 0.002). Increases in weekly minimum temperature and rainfall were also significant factors in the increase in the reported cases of dengue. We recommend future studies using the same method, involving larger populations with different geographic location, climate and weather. We also recommend strengthening environmental, health and entomological surveillance systems to improve preparedness and emergency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hurtado-Díaz
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Kosnett MJ, Wedeen RP, Rothenberg SJ, Hipkins KL, Materna BL, Schwartz BS, Hu H, Woolf A. Recommendations for medical management of adult lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:463-71. [PMID: 17431500 PMCID: PMC1849937 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Research conducted in recent years has increased public health concern about the toxicity of lead at low dose and has supported a reappraisal of the levels of lead exposure that may be safely tolerated in the workplace. In this article, which appears as part of a mini-monograph on adult lead exposure, we summarize a body of published literature that establishes the potential for hypertension, effects on renal function, cognitive dysfunction, and adverse female reproductive outcome in adults with whole-blood lead concentrations < 40 microg/dL. Based on this literature, and our collective experience in evaluating lead-exposed adults, we recommend that individuals be removed from occupational lead exposure if a single blood lead concentration exceeds 30 microg/dL or if two successive blood lead concentrations measured over a 4-week interval are > or = 20 microg/dL. Removal of individuals from lead exposure should be considered to avoid long-term risk to health if exposure control measures over an extended period do not decrease blood lead concentrations to < 10 microg/dL or if selected medical conditions exist that would increase the risk of continued exposure. Recommended medical surveillance for all lead-exposed workers should include quarterly blood lead measurements for individuals with blood lead concentrations between 10 and 19 microg/dL, and semiannual blood lead measurements when sustained blood lead concentrations are < 10 microg/dL. It is advisable for pregnant women to avoid occupational or avocational lead exposure that would result in blood lead concentrations > 5 microg/dL. Chelation may have an adjunctive role in the medical management of highly exposed adults with symptomatic lead intoxication but is not recommended for asymptomatic individuals with low blood lead concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kosnett
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA.
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