1
|
Giil LM, Hanseth S, Bojovic O, Nordrehaug JE, Ueland PM, Meyer K, Tell GS. The inverse association between the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and C-reactive protein levels is stronger in persons with obesity and diabetes. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13323. [PMID: 37801334 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is lower in patients who carry the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele variant (APOEε4) of the APOE gene. This could however be explained by other factors observed in APOEε4 carriers, such as lower body mass index (BMI), possibly less diabetes and more use of statins, all associated with CRP concentrations. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between CRP and APOEε4 stratified by BMI, statin use and diabetes. METHODS We included 2700 community-dwelling older adults from the Hordaland health study with genotyping of the APOE gene by a one-step polymerase chain reaction and CRP measured using immuno-MALDI-TOF MS. Differences in CRP concentrations by APOE (ε4 vs no ε4) were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U tests, also stratified by statin use, diabetes and BMI categories. Finally, we performed linear regression with log (CRP) as the outcome and APOEε4 together with statin use, diabetes, BMI and their respective interactions. RESULTS CRP was higher in APOEε4 carriers irrespective of BMI, diabetes and statin use. In APOEε4 non-carriers, CRP was elevated with diabetes and obesity as expected. However, this was attenuated or even reversed in APOEε4 carriers. Such differences were not observed for statin use. CONCLUSIONS Statin use, obesity or diabetes did not confound the known association between the APOEε4 allele and lower CRP. Our data suggest that CRP is less responsive to inflammatory cues involved in diabetes and obesity in APOEε4 carriers. Epidemiological studies should take note of these relationships, as CRP, APOEε4, diabetes and obesity are both linked to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Melvaer Giil
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silja Hanseth
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ognjen Bojovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hegazy SH, Thomassen JQ, Rasmussen IJ, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg‐Hansen A, Frikke‐Schmidt R. C-reactive protein levels and risk of dementia-Observational and genetic studies of 111,242 individuals from the general population. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2262-2271. [PMID: 35112776 PMCID: PMC9790296 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in midlife are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas in older age the opposite association is observed. Whether genetically determined CRP is associated with AD remains unclear. METHODS A total of 111,242 White individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study were included. Plasma levels of CRP and four regulatory genetic variants in the CRP gene were determined. RESULTS For CRP percentile group 1 to 5 (lowest plasma CRP) versus the 50 to 75 group (reference), the hazard ratio for AD was 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.29-2.16). Genetically low CRP was associated with increased risk of AD in individuals with body mass index ≤25 kg/m2 (P = 4 × 10-6 ). DISCUSSION Low plasma levels of CRP at baseline were associated with high risk of AD in individuals from the general population. These observational findings were supported by genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharif H. Hegazy
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital–RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper Qvist Thomassen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital–RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ida Juul Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital–RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population StudyCopenhagen University Hospital–Herlev and GentofteHerlevDenmark,Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital–Herlev and GentofteHerlevDenmark,The Copenhagen City Heart StudyCopenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergFrederiksbergDenmark,Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital–RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark,The Copenhagen General Population StudyCopenhagen University Hospital–Herlev and GentofteHerlevDenmark,The Copenhagen City Heart StudyCopenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergFrederiksbergDenmark,Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ruth Frikke‐Schmidt
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCopenhagen University Hospital–RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark,The Copenhagen General Population StudyCopenhagen University Hospital–Herlev and GentofteHerlevDenmark,Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Williams PT. Quantile-dependent expressivity of serum C-reactive protein concentrations in family sets. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10914. [PMID: 33628645 PMCID: PMC7894107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background “Quantile-dependent expressivity” occurs when the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g., C-reactive protein, CRP) is high or low relative to its distribution. We have previously shown that the heritabilities (h2) of coffee and alcohol consumption, postprandial lipemia, lipoproteins, leptin, adiponectin, adiposity, and pulmonary function are quantile-specific. Whether CRP heritability is quantile-specific is currently unknown. Methods Serum CRP concentrations from 2,036 sibships and 6,144 offspring-parent pairs were analyzed from the Framingham Heart Study. Quantile-specific heritability from full-sib (βFS, h2 ={(1 + 8rspouseβFS)0.5 − 1}/(2rspouse)) and offspring-parent regression slopes (βOP, h2 = 2βOP/(1 + rspouse)) were estimated robustly by quantile regression with nonparametric significance determined from 1,000 bootstrap samples. Results Quantile-specific h2 (±SE) increased with increasing percentiles of the offspring’s age- and sex-adjusted CRP distribution when estimated from βOP (Ptrend = 0.0004): 0.02 ± 0.01 at the 10th, 0.04 ± 0.01 at the 25th, 0.10 ± 0.02 at the 50th, 0.20 ± 0.05 at the 75th, and 0.33 ± 0.10 at the 90th percentile, and when estimated from βFS (Ptrend = 0.0008): 0.03±0.01 at the 10th, 0.06 ± 0.02 at the 25th, 0.14 ± 0.03 at the 50th, 0.24 ± 0.05 at the 75th, and 0.53 ± 0.21 at the 90th percentile. Conclusion Heritability of serum CRP concentration is quantile-specific, which may explain or contribute to the inflated CRP differences between CRP (rs1130864, rs1205, rs1800947, rs2794521, rs3091244), FGB (rs1800787), IL-6 (rs1800795, rs1800796), IL6R (rs8192284), TNF-α (rs1800629) and APOE genotypes following CABG surgery, stroke, TIA, curative esophagectomy, intensive periodontal therapy, or acute exercise; during acute coronary syndrome or Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia; or in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, ankylosing spondylitis, obesity or inflammatory bowel disease or who smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Low A, Su L, Stefaniak JD, Mak E, Dounavi ME, Muniz-Terrera G, Ritchie K, Ritchie CW, Markus HS, O'Brien JT. Inherited risk of dementia and the progression of cerebral small vessel disease and inflammatory markers in cognitively healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 98:124-133. [PMID: 33264710 PMCID: PMC7895800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and inflammation are increasingly recognized as key contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the timing, trajectory, and relation between them early in the disease process is unclear. Therefore, to investigate very early-stage changes, we compared 158 healthy midlife adults with and without inherited AD predisposition (APOE4 carriership (38% positive), parental family history (FH) of dementia (54% positive)) on markers of SVD (white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds), and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen), cross-sectionally and longitudinally over two years. While WMH severity was comparable between groups at baseline, longitudinal progression of WMH was greater in at-risk groups (APOE4+ and FH+). Topographically, APOE4 was associated exclusively with deep, but not periventricular, WMH progression after adjusting for FH. Conversely, APOE4 carriers displayed lower CRP levels than noncarriers, but not fibrinogen. Furthermore, interaction analysis showed that FH moderated the effect of SVD and inflammation on reaction time, an early feature of SVD, but not episodic memory or executive function. Findings suggest that vascular and inflammatory changes could occur decades before dementia onset, and may be of relevance in predicting incipient clinical progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Low
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James D Stefaniak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elijah Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria-Eleni Dounavi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Karen Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farup PG, Rootwelt H, Hestad K. APOE - a genetic marker of comorbidity in subjects with morbid obesity. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 32646381 PMCID: PMC7346600 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In population-based studies, the genetic variability of the APOE E alleles have been associated with health outcomes. Health problems are common in subjects with obesity. This study explored associations between the APOE E alleles and comorbidity in subjects with morbid obesity. Methods The study included consecutive subjects referred for evaluation of bariatric surgery with morbid obesity (defined as BMI > 40 or > 35 kg/m2 with complications related to obesity). The subjects followed a conservative weight loss program for 6 months before surgery and had a follow-up visit 12 months after surgery. Demographic data and a set psychosomatic scores (musculoskeletal pain, WHO-5 Well-Being Index, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Hopkins Symptom Check-list 10; Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Fatigue Severity Scale) were collected, and blood samples were analysed for haematological and biochemical parameters and APOE alleles. Results One hundred and forty subjects (men/women: 32 (23%)/108 (77%) with mean age 43.0 (SD 8.7) years and BMI 42.1 (SD 3.8) kg/m2 were included. One hundred and eight and 92 subjects had data after conservative treatment and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The prevalence of the APOE alleles were: E2E2: 1 (0.7%), E2E3: 13 (9.3%), E2E4: 4 (2.9%), E3E3: 71 (50.7%), E3E4: 47 (33.6%), and E4E4: 4 (2.9%). The prevalence rates were as anticipated in a Norwegian population. The weight loss during conservative treatment and after bariatric surgery was independent of E allele variability. E2 was associated with a significant or clear trend toward improvement of all psychosomatic disorders. There was a significant fall in CRP during the two treatment periods with weight loss. E2 and E4 were significantly associated with high and low CRP, respectively, but no associations were seen between CRP and comorbidity. Conclusions The most marked finding was the association between E2 and improvement of all psychosomatic disorders. The positive and negative associations between CRP and E2 and E4, respectively, could indicate effects on inflammation and immunological reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per G Farup
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, PB 104, N-2381, Brumunddal, Norway. .,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Hestad
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, PB 104, N-2381, Brumunddal, Norway.,Department of Health- and Nursing Science, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Innland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2418, Elverum, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan Y, Long P, Liu K, Xiao Y, He S, Li J, Mo T, Liu Y, Yu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Liu X, Yang H, Li X, Min X, Zhang C, Zhang X, Pan A, He M, Hu FB, Navas-Acien A, Wu T. Multiple plasma metals, genetic risk and serum C-reactive protein: A metal-metal and gene-metal interaction study. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101404. [PMID: 31926627 PMCID: PMC6921203 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-recognized biomarker of inflammation, which can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Evidence have suggested exposure to multiple metals/metalloids may affect immune system and give rise to cardiovascular disease. However, it is lack of study to comprehensively evaluate the association of multiple metals and CRP, the interactions between metals, and the gene-metal interaction in relation to CRP levels. Aims To explore the associations of multiple plasma metals with serum CRP, and to test the interactions between metals, and gene-metal interactions on the levels of serum CRP. Methods We included 2882 participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, China, and measured 23 plasma metals and serum CRP concentrations. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 7 established CRP-associated variants. For metals which were associated with the levels of CRP, we further tested the interactions between metals on CRP, and analyzed the gene-metal interactions on CRP. Results The median level for CRP in the total population was 1.17 mg/L. After multivariable adjustment, plasma copper was positively associated with serum CRP (FDR < 0.001), whereas selenium was negatively associated with serum CRP (FDR = 0.01). Moreover, selenium and zinc attenuated the positive association between high plasma copper and CRP (P for interaction < 0.001). Participants with a higher GRS had a higher CRP level, with the increase in ln-transformed CRP per increment of 5 risk alleles were 0.64 for weighted GRS, and 0.54 for unweighted GRS (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, the genetic association with CRP was modified by copper concentration (P for interaction < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that serum CRP is positively associated with plasma concentration of copper, and inversely associated with selenium. Plasma zinc, selenium and CRP genetic predisposition would modify the associations between plasma copper and serum CRP. We found that serum CRP was positively associated with plasma copper, and inversely associated with selenium. The positive association of plasma copper with serum CRP appeared to be attenuated with high plasma zinc and selenium. This is the first study that explored the potential gene-metal interactions in relation to CRP levels. These novel findings may provide new insights to personalized prevention and interventions for inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tingting Mo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuezhen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiulou Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Y, Hu SC, Zheng PW, Jin MJ, Tang ML, Chen K, Wang JB. Association between CPR-related genetic variants and risk of ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1090-1096. [PMID: 31584351 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1673286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) has been reported to be associated with risk of ischemic vascular disease including ischemic stroke. Genome-wide association studies have revealed several gene variants related to CRP concentration. Methods: We investigated genetic variants in CRP-related genes associated with ischemic stroke in a nested case-control study with 138 ischemic stroke cases and 276 controls. We sequenced the whole coding region of six CPR-related genes and selected eligible SNPs. Three genetic models (additive, dominant and recessive) were calculated by a multivariable conditional logistic regression to estimate the association between SNPs and risk of ischemic stroke. We also calculated gene-environment interactions by using a crossover analysis. Results: Three out of 10 eligible SNPs were shown to be associated with risk of ischemic stroke. rs1800947 in CRP gene (additive model: OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.00-4.23) and rs1169288 in HNF1A gene (additive model: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03-2.06) were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. rs440446 in APOE gene (additive model: OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.88) was associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke. Genetic risk scores models including SC-GRS and OR-GRS both showed a significant association with risk of ischemic stroke. These three SNPs interacted with smoking and red meat intake. Conclusions: Our study showed genetic variants of CRP-related genes were associated with risk of ischemic stroke. Our findings could provide useful data for the etiology of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shu-Chang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Pei-Wen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ming-Juan Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Meng-Ling Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Bing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giuliani C, Garagnani P, Franceschi C. Genetics of Human Longevity Within an Eco-Evolutionary Nature-Nurture Framework. Circ Res 2019; 123:745-772. [PMID: 30355083 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait, and to disentangle its basis has a great theoretical and practical consequences for biomedicine. The genetics of human longevity is still poorly understood despite several investigations that used different strategies and protocols. Here, we argue that such rather disappointing harvest is largely because of the extraordinary complexity of the longevity phenotype in humans. The capability to reach the extreme decades of human lifespan seems to be the result of an intriguing mixture of gene-environment interactions. Accordingly, the genetics of human longevity is here described as a highly context-dependent phenomenon, within a new integrated, ecological, and evolutionary perspective, and is presented as a dynamic process, both historically and individually. The available literature has been scrutinized within this perspective, paying particular attention to factors (sex, individual biography, family, population ancestry, social structure, economic status, and education, among others) that have been relatively neglected. The strength and limitations of the most powerful and used tools, such as genome-wide association study and whole-genome sequencing, have been discussed, focusing on prominently emerged genes and regions, such as apolipoprotein E, Forkhead box O3, interleukin 6, insulin-like growth factor-1, chromosome 9p21, 5q33.3, and somatic mutations among others. The major results of this approach suggest that (1) the genetics of longevity is highly population specific; (2) small-effect alleles, pleiotropy, and the complex allele timing likely play a major role; (3) genetic risk factors are age specific and need to be integrated in the light of the geroscience perspective; (4) a close relationship between genetics of longevity and genetics of age-related diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases) do exist. Finally, the urgent need of a global approach to the largely unexplored interactions between the 3 genetics of human body, that is, nuclear, mitochondrial, and microbiomes, is stressed. We surmise that the comprehensive approach here presented will help in increasing the above-mentioned harvest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giuliani
- From the Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology (C.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.G.).,Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Italy (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) (P.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (P.G.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1718-1744. [PMID: 31109447 PMCID: PMC7295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we summarize the latest data on genetic and epigenetic contributions to human aging and longevity. Whereas environmental and lifestyle factors are important at younger ages, the contribution of genetics appears more important in reaching extreme old age. Genome-wide studies have implicated ~57 gene loci in lifespan. Epigenomic changes during aging profoundly affect cellular function and stress resistance. Dysregulation of transcriptional and chromatin networks is likely a crucial component of aging. Large-scale bioinformatic analyses have revealed involvement of numerous interaction networks. As the young well-differentiated cell replicates into eventual senescence there is drift in the highly regulated chromatin marks towards an entropic middle-ground between repressed and active, such that genes that were previously inactive "leak". There is a breakdown in chromatin connectivity such that topologically associated domains and their insulators weaken, and well-defined blocks of constitutive heterochromatin give way to generalized, senescence-associated heterochromatin, foci. Together, these phenomena contribute to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Departments of Cell & Molecular Biology and Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chronically raised C-reactive protein is inversely associated with cortical β-amyloid in older adults with subjective memory complaints. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:226-230. [PMID: 29704641 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation promotes amyloidogenesis in animals and markers of inflammation are associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) in humans. Hence, we sought to examine the cross-sectional associations between chronically elevated plasma C reactive protein (CRP) and cortical Aβ in 259 non-demented elderly individuals reporting subjective memory complaints from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT). METHODS Cortical-to-cerebellar standard uptake value ratios were obtained using [18F] florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET). CRP was measured in plasma using immunoturbidity. Chronically raised CRP was defined as having 2 consecutively high CRP readings (>3 mg/l ≤ 10 mg/l) between study baseline and the 1 year visit (visits were performed at baseline, 6 months, 1 year and then annually). Associations were explored using adjusted multiple linear regression. RESULTS Chronically raised CRP was found to be inversely associated with cortical Aβ (B-coefficient: -0.054, SE: 0.026, p = 0.040) and this association seemed to be specific to apolipoprotein E (Apo E) ε4 carriers (B-coefficient: -0.130, SE: 0.058, p = 0.027). CRP as an isolated reading measured closest to PET scan was also inversely associated with cortical Aβ when CRP was treated as a dichotomized variable (high CRP > 3 mg/l ≤ 10 mg/l, B-coefficient: -0.048, SE: 0.023, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings suggest that inflammation might be beneficial in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease as the immune systems attempts to combat Aβ pathology particularly in ApoE ε4 carriers. Investigating the temporal relationships between cerebral Aβ and a panel of inflammatory markers would provide further evidence as to whether chronic inflammation might modulate amyloidogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
|
11
|
Christiansen MK, Larsen SB, Nyegaard M, Neergaard-Petersen S, Ajjan R, Würtz M, Grove EL, Hvas AM, Jensen HK, Kristensen SD. Coronary artery disease-associated genetic variants and biomarkers of inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180365. [PMID: 28686695 PMCID: PMC5501546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic constitution and inflammation both contribute to development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Several CAD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have recently been identified, but their functions are largely unknown. We investigated the associations between CAD-associated SNPs and five CAD-related inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS We genotyped 45 CAD-associated SNPs in 701 stable CAD patients in whom levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsRCP), interleukin-6, calprotectin, fibrinogen and complement component 3 levels had previously been measured. A genetic risk score was calculated to assess the combined risk associated with all the genetic variants. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess associations between the genetic risk score, single SNPs, and the five inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS The minor allele (G) (CAD risk allele) of rs2075650 (TOMM40/APOE) was associated with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (effect per risk allele: -0.37 mg/l [95%CI -0.56 to -0.18 mg/l]). The inflammatory markers tested showed no association with the remaining 44 SNPs or with the genetic risk score. CONCLUSIONS In stable CAD patients, the risk allele of a common CAD-associated marker at the TOMM40/APOE locus was associated with lower hsCRP levels. No other genetic variants or the combined effect of all variants were associated with the five inflammatory biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Krogh Christiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sanne Bøjet Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ramzi Ajjan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Würtz
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Lerkevang Grove
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kjærulf Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Dalby Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu S, Hsu LA, Teng MS, Lin JF, Chou HH, Lee MC, Wu YM, Su CW, Ko YL. Interactive effects of C-reactive protein levels on the association between APOE variants and triglyceride levels in a Taiwanese population. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:94. [PMID: 27177774 PMCID: PMC4866423 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays a major role in lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, the association between APOE gene polymorphisms and serum triglyceride levels remains controversial. We tested the effects of APOE variants on triglyceride levels and their interactions with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in a Taiwanese population. Methods Two APOE single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs429358 and rs7412 were genotyped by TaqMan Assay using real time PCR in 595 healthy subjects attending the clinic for routine visits. Results After adjustment for clinical covariates, subjects carrying the rs429358-TT genotype and non-ε4 alleles were found to have higher CRP levels, whereas those with rs7412-CC genotype and non-ε2 alleles had significantly higher total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P < 0.01). Using subgroup and interaction analyses, we observed significantly lower triglyceride levels in subjects carrying the rs429358-TT genotype and non-ε4 alleles in the low CRP group (P = 2.71× 10−4 and P = 4.32 × 10−4, respectively), but not in those in the high CRP group (interaction P = 0.013 and 0.045, respectively). In addition, multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that subjects carrying the rs429358-TT genotype and non-ε4 alleles with low CRP levels had significantly lower triglyceride levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, when combined with the risk alleles of GCKR, APOA5 and LPL gene variants, we observed that triglyceride levels increased significantly with the number of risk alleles (P = 2.9 × 10−12). Conclusions The combination of SNPs and ε alleles at the APOE locus is involved in managing lipid and CRP levels in the Taiwanese population. APOE polymorphisms interact with CRP to regulate triglyceride levels, thus triglyceride concentration is influenced by both the genetic background of the APOE locus and the inflammatory status of a subject. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0262-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Feng Lin
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lee
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Wu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Su
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joshi PK, Fischer K, Schraut KE, Campbell H, Esko T, Wilson JF. Variants near CHRNA3/5 and APOE have age- and sex-related effects on human lifespan. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11174. [PMID: 27029810 PMCID: PMC5438072 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifespan is a trait of enormous personal interest. Research into the biological basis of human lifespan, however, is hampered by the long time to death. Using a novel approach of regressing (272,081) parental lifespans beyond age 40 years on participant genotype in a new large data set (UK Biobank), we here show that common variants near the apolipoprotein E and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 5 genes are associated with lifespan. The effects are strongly sex and age dependent, with APOE ɛ4 differentially influencing maternal lifespan (P=4.2 × 10−15, effect −1.24 years of maternal life per imputed risk allele in parent; sex difference, P=0.011), and a locus near CHRNA3/5 differentially affecting paternal lifespan (P=4.8 × 10−11, effect −0.86 years per allele; sex difference P=0.075). Rare homozygous carriers of the risk alleles at both loci are predicted to have 3.3–3.7 years shorter lives. Understanding the genetic influences on human aging requires a large number of subjects for a study of sufficient power. Here, Jim Wilson and colleagues use information on parental ages at death to show that common variants near the genes for apolipoprotein E and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 5 are associated with longer lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.,Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.,Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge Center 7, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02242, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Watanabe Y, Kitamura K, Nakamura K, Sanpei K, Wakasugi M, Yokoseki A, Onodera O, Ikeuchi T, Kuwano R, Momotsu T, Narita I, Endo N. Elevated C-Reactive Protein Is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Outpatients of a General Hospital: The Project in Sado for Total Health (PROST). Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:10-9. [PMID: 26933436 PMCID: PMC4772636 DOI: 10.1159/000442585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to determine whether the concentration of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with cognitive function in an adult Japanese population. METHODS Participants of this cross-sectional study were from a subgroup of the Project in Sado for Total Health (PROST; n = 454; mean age, 70.5 years). The cognitive state was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and those with an MMSE score <24 were considered 'cognitively declined'. Concentrations of serum high-sensitivity CRP were measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for cognitive decline, adjusting for the covariates of age, sex, BMI, disease history, and APOE allele. RESULTS Of the 454 participants, 94 (20.7%) were cognitively declined. Relative to the lowest (first) quartile of CRP concentration, adjusted ORs were 1.29 (95% CI 0.61-2.75) for the second, 1.78 (95% CI 0.82-3.86) for the third, and 3.05 (95% CI 1.45-6.42) for the highest (fourth) quartiles (p for trend = 0.018). When data were stratified by sex, the association between CRP concentration and cognitive decline was observed only in women. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between higher CRP concentration and lower cognitive function. Chronic inflammation may affect cognitive function in adults, in particular women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Watanabe
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Sanpei
- JA Niigata Koseiren Sado General Hospital, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Minako Wakasugi
- Center for Inter-Organ Communication Research, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akio Yokoseki
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Resource Branch for Brain Disease Research, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Resource Branch for Brain Disease Research, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Momotsu
- JA Niigata Koseiren Sado General Hospital, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lai LYH, Petrone AB, Pankow JS, Arnett DK, North KE, Ellison RC, Hunt SC, Rosenzweig JL, Djoussé L. Lack of association of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:582-7. [PMID: 25656378 PMCID: PMC4720970 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance, is a major public health concern in the United States. The effects of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism on MetS are not well established. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 1551 participants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Heart Study to assess the relation of Apo E polymorphism with the prevalence of MetS. MetS was defined according to the American Heart Association-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-International Diabetes Federation-World Health Organization harmonized criteria. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent MetS and the Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing in the secondary analysis. RESULTS Our study population had a mean age (standard deviation) of 56.5 (11.0) years, and 49.7% had MetS. There was no association between the Apo E genotypes and the MetS. The multivariable adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval) were 1.00 (reference), 1.26 (0.31-5.21), 0.89 (0.62-1.29), 1.13 (0.61-2.10), 1.13 (0.88-1.47) and 1.87 (0.91-3.85) for the Ɛ3/Ɛ3, Ɛ2/Ɛ2, Ɛ2/Ɛ3, Ɛ2/Ɛ4, Ɛ3/Ɛ4 and Ɛ4/Ɛ4 genotypes, respectively. In a secondary analysis, Ɛ2/Ɛ3 genotype was associated with 41% lower prevalence odds of low high-density lipoprotein [multivariable adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval) = 0.59 (0.36-0.95)] compared with Ɛ3/Ɛ3 genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between Apo E polymorphism and MetS in a multicentre population-based study of predominantly White US men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Y H Lai
- School of Medicine, Boston University, 72, East Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Andrew B Petrone
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Curtis Ellison
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - James L Rosenzweig
- School of Medicine, Boston University, 72, East Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yun YW, Kweon SS, Choi JS, Rhee JA, Lee YH, Nam HS, Jeong SK, Park KS, Ryu SY, Choi SW, Kim HN, Cauley JA, Shin MH. APOE Polymorphism Is Associated with C-reactive Protein Levels but Not with White Blood Cell Count: Dong-gu Study and Namwon Study. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:860-5. [PMID: 26130946 PMCID: PMC4479937 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association of the APOE polymorphism with serum C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell count in two large population-based studies in Korean. The datasets included the Dong-gu study (n = 8,893) and the Namwon Study (n = 10,032). APOE genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship of APOE genotypes with C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell count with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and serum lipids. In the multivariate model, carriers of E3E4 or E4E4 genotype had significantly lower C-reactive protein levels compared with carriers of E3E3 genotype group (0.50 mg/L vs. 0.67 mg/L; 0.37 mg/L vs. 0.67 mg/L, respectively, for the Dong-gu Study and 0.47 mg/L vs. 0.66 mg/L; 0.45 mg/L vs. 0.66 mg/L, respectively, for the Namwon Study). However, there was no difference in white blood cell count among APOE genotypes. We found that the APOE E4 allele is associated with lower C-reactive protein levels, but not white blood cell count. Our results suggest that APOE genotype may influence C-reactive protein levels through non-inflammatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Woon Yun
- Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Rhee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Jeong
- Department of Neurology & Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schick UM, Auer PL, Bis JC, Lin H, Wei P, Pankratz N, Lange LA, Brody J, Stitziel NO, Kim DS, Carlson CS, Fornage M, Haessler J, Hsu L, Jackson RD, Kooperberg C, Leal SM, Psaty BM, Boerwinkle E, Tracy R, Ardissino D, Shah S, Willer C, Loos R, Melander O, Mcpherson R, Hovingh K, Reilly M, Watkins H, Girelli D, Fontanillas P, Chasman DI, Gabriel SB, Gibbs R, Nickerson DA, Kathiresan S, Peters U, Dupuis J, Wilson JG, Rich SS, Morrison AC, Benjamin EJ, Gross MD, Reiner AP. Association of exome sequences with plasma C-reactive protein levels in >9000 participants. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:559-71. [PMID: 25187575 PMCID: PMC4334838 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration is a heritable systemic marker of inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Genome-wide association studies have identified CRP-associated common variants associated in ∼25 genes. Our aims were to apply exome sequencing to (1) assess whether the candidate loci contain rare coding variants associated with CRP levels and (2) perform an exome-wide search for rare variants in novel genes associated with CRP levels. We exome-sequenced 6050 European-Americans (EAs) and 3109 African-Americans (AAs) from the NHLBI-ESP and the CHARGE consortia, and performed association tests of sequence data with measured CRP levels. In single-variant tests across candidate loci, a novel rare (minor allele frequency = 0.16%) CRP-coding variant (rs77832441-A; p.Thr59Met) was associated with 53% lower mean CRP levels (P = 2.9 × 10(-6)). We replicated the association of rs77832441 in an exome array analysis of 11 414 EAs (P = 3.0 × 10(-15)). Despite a strong effect on CRP levels, rs77832441 was not associated with inflammation-related phenotypes including coronary heart disease. We also found evidence for an AA-specific association of APOE-ε2 rs7214 with higher CRP levels. At the exome-wide significance level (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), we confirmed associations for reported common variants of HNF1A, CRP, IL6R and TOMM40-APOE. In gene-based tests, a burden of rare/lower frequency variation in CRP in EAs (P ≤ 6.8 × 10(-4)) and in retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORA) in AAs (P = 1.7 × 10(-3)) were associated with CRP levels at the candidate gene level (P < 2.0 × 10(-3)). This inquiry did not elucidate novel genes, but instead demonstrated that variants distributed across the allele frequency spectrum within candidate genes contribute to CRP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M. Schick
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul L. Auer
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Nathan O. Stitziel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Christopher S. Carlson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffery Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Rebecca D. Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Health Services
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Russell Tracy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Svati Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ruth Mcpherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Muredach Reilly
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and The Cardiovascular Institute, Perleman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Division of Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Drive, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stacey B. Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Richard Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA and
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Myron D. Gross
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Teng E, Chow N, Hwang KS, Thompson PM, Gylys KH, Cole GM, Jack CR, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Soares HD, Weiner MW, Apostolova LG. Low plasma ApoE levels are associated with smaller hippocampal size in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative cohort. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2014; 39:154-66. [PMID: 25547651 PMCID: PMC4323932 DOI: 10.1159/000368982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is the strongest known genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the utility of plasma ApoE levels for assessing the severity of underlying neurodegenerative changes remains uncertain. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations between plasma ApoE levels and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging indices of the hippocampus from 541 participants [57 with normal cognition (NC), 375 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 109 with mild AD] who were enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Across the NC and MCI groups, lower plasma ApoE levels were significantly correlated with smaller hippocampal size, as measured by either hippocampal volume or hippocampal radial distance. These associations were driven primarily by findings from carriers of an APOE ε4 allele and are consistent with prior reports that lower plasma ApoE levels correlate with greater global cortical Pittsburgh Compound B retention. In this high-risk group, plasma ApoE levels may represent a peripheral marker of underlying AD neuropathology in nondemented elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Chow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristy S. Hwang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CA, USA
| | | | - Gregory M. Cole
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clifford R. Jack
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hellwege JN, Palmer ND, Raffield LM, Ng MCY, Hawkins GA, Long J, Lorenzo C, Norris JM, Ida Chen YD, Speliotes EK, Rotter JI, Langefeld CD, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW. Genome-wide family-based linkage analysis of exome chip variants and cardiometabolic risk. Genet Epidemiol 2014; 38:345-52. [PMID: 24719370 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Linkage analysis of complex traits has had limited success in identifying trait-influencing loci. Recently, coding variants have been implicated as the basis for some biomedical associations. We tested whether coding variants are the basis for linkage peaks of complex traits in 42 African-American (n = 596) and 90 Hispanic (n = 1,414) families in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS) using Illumina HumanExome Beadchips. A total of 92,157 variants in African Americans (34%) and 81,559 (31%) in Hispanics were polymorphic and tested using two-point linkage and association analyses with 37 cardiometabolic phenotypes. In African Americans 77 LOD scores greater than 3 were observed. The highest LOD score was 4.91 with the APOE SNP rs7412 (MAF = 0.13) with plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB). This SNP was associated with ApoB (P-value = 4 × 10(-19)) and accounted for 16.2% of the variance in African Americans. In Hispanic families, 104 LOD scores were greater than 3. The strongest evidence of linkage (LOD = 4.29) was with rs5882 (MAF = 0.46) in CETP with HDL. CETP variants were strongly associated with HDL (0.00049 < P-value <4.6 × 10(-12)), accounting for up to 4.5% of the variance. These loci have previously been shown to have effects on the biomedical traits evaluated here. Thus, evidence of strong linkage in this genome wide survey of primarily coding variants was uncommon. Loci with strong evidence of linkage was characterized by large contributions to the variance, and, in these cases, are common variants. Less compelling evidence of linkage and association was observed with additional loci that may require larger family sets to confirm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kocarnik JM, Pendergrass SA, Carty CL, Pankow JS, Schumacher FR, Cheng I, Durda P, Ambite J, Deelman E, Cook NR, Liu S, Wactawski-Wende J, Hutter C, Brown-Gentry K, Wilson S, Best LG, Pankratz N, Hong CP, Cole SA, Voruganti VS, Bůžková P, Jorgensen NW, Jenny NS, Wilkens LR, Haiman CA, Kolonel LN, LaCroix A, North K, Jackson R, Le Marchand L, Hindorff LA, Crawford DC, Gross M, Peters U. Multiancestral analysis of inflammation-related genetic variants and C-reactive protein in the population architecture using genomics and epidemiology study. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:178-88. [PMID: 24622110 PMCID: PMC4104750 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker of inflammation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CRP concentrations and inflammation-related traits such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. We aimed to replicate previous CRP-SNP associations, assess whether these associations generalize to additional race/ethnicity groups, and evaluate inflammation-related SNPs for a potentially pleiotropic association with CRP. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected and analyzed 16 CRP-associated and 250 inflammation-related GWAS SNPs among 40 473 African American, American Indian, Asian/Pacific Islander, European American, and Hispanic participants from 7 studies collaborating in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Fixed-effect meta-analyses combined study-specific race/ethnicity-stratified linear regression estimates to evaluate the association between each SNP and high-sensitivity CRP. Overall, 18 SNPs in 8 loci were significantly associated with CRP (Bonferroni-corrected P<3.1×10(-3) for replication, P<2.0×10(-4) for pleiotropy): Seven of these were specific to European Americans, while 9 additionally generalized to African Americans (1), Hispanics (5), or both (3); 1 SNP was seen only in African Americans and Hispanics. Two SNPs in the CELSR2/PSRC1/SORT1 locus showed a potentially novel association with CRP: rs599839 (P=2.0×10(-6)) and rs646776 (P=3.1×10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS We replicated 16 SNP-CRP associations, 10 of which generalized to African Americans and/or Hispanics. We also identified potentially novel pleiotropic associations with CRP for two SNPs previously associated with coronary artery disease and/or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. These findings demonstrate the benefit of evaluating genotype-phenotype associations in multiple race/ethnicity groups and looking for pleiotropic relationships among SNPs previously associated with related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Kocarnik
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah A. Pendergrass
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Cara L. Carty
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - JoséLuis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA
| | - Ewa Deelman
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA
| | - Nancy R. Cook
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Carolyn Hutter
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, DCCPS, NCI, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Sarah Wilson
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Lyle G. Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Timber Lake, SD
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ching-Ping Hong
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - V. Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Nancy S. Jenny
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | | | - Andrea LaCroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Dana C. Crawford
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Myron Gross
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and serum lipid profile in Saudi patients with psoriasis. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:239645. [PMID: 24782577 PMCID: PMC3981009 DOI: 10.1155/2014/239645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants have been reported to influence psoriasis risk. However, data is limited to a few ethnicities and no similar study has been performed in middle eastern populations. We investigated this association in Saudi psoriasis patients. Methods. Saudi subjects (294) were genotyped for APOE gene using APOE StripAssay kit. Results. The frequencies of alleles ε2, ε4, and genotypes ε3/ε4 and ε3/ε2 were significantly higher in psoriasis patients compared with those in controls. The frequency of ε3 allele and ε3/ε3 genotype was significantly lower in patients. Other genotypes, ε2/ε4, ε2/ε2, and ε4/ε4, were absent in both groups. The serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels were significantly higher in psoriasis patients contrary to HDL level. Patients with APOE ε4 had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, whereas those with the ε2 had higher HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Conclusion. APOE alleles ε2, ε4, and genotypes ε2/ε3 and ε4/ε3 are associated with psoriasis and can be a risk factor while allele ε3 and genotype ε3/ε3 may be protective for psoriasis in Saudis. Results of lipid profile support that psoriasis is one of the independent risk factors for hyperlipidemia and emphasize the need of screening cardiovascular diseases in psoriatic patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Khan TA, Shah T, Prieto D, Zhang W, Price J, Fowkes GR, Cooper J, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Sundstrom J, Hubacek JA, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Ben-Shlomo Y, Abdollahi MR, Slooter AJC, Szolnoki Z, Sandhu M, Wareham N, Frikke-Schmidt R, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Fillenbaum G, Heijmans BT, Katsuya T, Gromadzka G, Singleton A, Ferrucci L, Hardy J, Worrall B, Rich SS, Matarin M, Whittaker J, Gaunt TR, Whincup P, Morris R, Deanfield J, Donald A, Davey Smith G, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Smeeth L, Khaw KT, Nalls M, Meschia J, Sun K, Hui R, Day I, Hingorani AD, Casas JP. Apolipoprotein E genotype, cardiovascular biomarkers and risk of stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of 14,015 stroke cases and pooled analysis of primary biomarker data from up to 60,883 individuals. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:475-92. [PMID: 23569189 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the APOE gene, encoding apolipoprotein E, genotypes of the ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles associated with higher LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are also associated with higher coronary risk. However, the association of APOE genotype with other cardiovascular biomarkers and risk of ischaemic stroke is less clear. We evaluated the association of APOE genotype with risk of ischaemic stroke and assessed whether the observed effect was consistent with the effects of APOE genotype on LDL-C or other lipids and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published and unpublished studies reporting on APOE genotype and ischaemic stroke. We pooled 41 studies (with a total of 9027 cases and 61,730 controls) using a Bayesian meta-analysis to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for ischaemic stroke with APOE genotype. To better evaluate potential mechanisms for any observed effect, we also conducted a pooled analysis of primary data using 16 studies (up to 60,883 individuals) of European ancestry. We evaluated the association of APOE genotype with lipids, other circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT). RESULTS The ORs for association of APOE genotypes with ischaemic stroke were: 1.09 (95% credible intervals (CrI): 0.84-1.43) for ε2/ε2; 0.85 (95% CrI: 0.78-0.92) for ε2/ε3; 1.05 (95% CrI: 0.89-1.24) for ε2/ε4; 1.05 (95% CrI: 0.99-1.12) for ε3/ε4; and 1.12 (95% CrI: 0.94-1.33) for ε4/ε4 using the ε3/ε3 genotype as the reference group. A regression analysis that investigated the effect of LDL-C (using APOE as the instrument) on ischaemic stroke showed a positive dose-response association with an OR of 1.33 (95% CrI: 1.17, 1.52) per 1 mmol/l increase in LDL-C. In the separate pooled analysis, APOE genotype was linearly and positively associated with levels of LDL-C (P-trend: 2 × 10(-152)), apolipoprotein B (P-trend: 8.7 × 10(-06)) and C-IMT (P-trend: 0.001), and negatively and linearly associated with apolipoprotein E (P-trend: 6 × 10(-26)) and HDL-C (P-trend: 1.6 × 10(-12)). Associations with lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein and triglycerides were non-linear. CONCLUSIONS In people of European ancestry, APOE genotype showed a positive dose-response association with LDL-C, C-IMT and ischaemic stroke. However, the association of APOE ε2/ε2 genotype with ischaemic stroke requires further investigation. This cross-domain concordance supports a causal role of LDL-C on ischaemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef A Khan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morbidity risks among older adults with pre-existing age-related diseases. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1395-401. [PMID: 24064264 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multi-morbidity is common among older adults; however, for many aging-related diseases there is no information for U.S. elderly population on how earlier-manifested disease affects the risk of another disease manifested later during patient's lifetime. Quantitative evaluation of risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases for older adults with pre-existing conditions is performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Registry data linked to the Medicare Files of Service Use (MFSU). Using the SEER-Medicare data containing individual records for 2,154,598 individuals, we empirically evaluated age patterns of incidence of age-associated diseases diagnosed after the onset of earlier manifested disease and compared these patterns with those in general population. Individual medical histories were reconstructed using information on diagnoses coded in MFSU, dates of medical services/procedures, and Medicare enrollment/disenrollment. More than threefold increase of subsequent diseases risk was observed for 15 disease pairs, majority of them were i) diseases of the same organ and/or system (e.g., Parkinson disease for patients with Alzheimer disease, HR=3.77, kidney cancer for patients with renal failure, HR=3.28) or ii) disease pairs with primary diseases being fast-progressive cancers (i.e., lung, kidney, and pancreas), e.g., ulcer (HR=4.68) and melanoma (HR=4.15) for patients with pancreatic cancer. Lower risk of subsequent disease was registered for 20 disease pairs, mostly among patients with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, e.g., decreased lung cancer risk among patients with Alzheimer's (HR=0.64) and Parkinson's (HR=0.60) disease. Synergistic and antagonistic dependences in geriatric disease risks were observed among US elderly confirming known and detecting new associations of wide spectrum of age-associated diseases. The results can be used in optimization of screening, prevention and treatment strategies of chronic diseases among U.S. elderly population.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I, Arbeev KG, Ukraintseva SV, Arbeeva L, Yashin AI. Trade-off in the effect of the APOE gene on the ages at onset of cardiocascular disease and cancer across ages, gender, and human generations. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 16:28-34. [PMID: 23094790 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2012.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of studies of candidate genes show their complex role in aging-related traits. We focus on apolipoprotein E e2/3/4 polymorphism and ages at onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer in the parental and offspring generations of the Framingham Heart Study participants to gain insights on the role of age and gender across generations in genetic trade-offs. The analyses show that the apolipoprotein E e4 allele carriers live longer lives without cancer than the non-e4 allele carriers in each generation. The role of the e4 allele in onset of CVD is age- and generation-specific, constituting two modes of sexually dimorphic genetic trade-offs. In offspring, the e4 allele confers risk of CVD primarily in women and can protect against cancer primarily in men of the same age. In the parental generation, genetic trade-off is seen in different age groups, with a protective role of the e4 allele against cancer in older men and its detrimental role in CVD in younger women. The puzzling complexity of genetic mechanisms working in different genders, ages, and environments calls for more detail and systemic analyses beyond those adapted in current large-scale genetic association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hong EP, Kim DH, Suh JG, Park JW. Analyses of longitudinal effects of gene-environment interactions on plasma C-reactive protein levels: the Hallym Aging Study. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
26
|
Metti AL, Cauley JA. How predictive of dementia are peripheral inflammatory markers in the elderly? Neurodegener Dis Manag 2012; 2:609-622. [PMID: 23441140 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.12.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a huge public health concern today owing to the exponentially increasing number of older adults it affects each year, and there has been a large number of investigators looking at potential biomarkers of dementia. Peripheral inflammatory markers have emerged as one potential class of markers that may be useful in predicting those individuals at a greater risk of developing dementia, or in expounding the underlying mechanisms or pathways of this complex disease. Although some evidence has been promising, indicating that peripheral inflammatory markers are indeed crucial in brain changes that occur in both normal aging and in dementia, results have been mixed on their usefulness for predicting dementia or cognitive decline in older adults. Here, the authors present a review of existing studies investigating inflammatory markers as potential biomarkers of dementia, highlighting some strengths and limitations of the current research and discuss the future directions for this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Metti
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; University of Pittsburgh Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging & Population Health, 130 N Bellefield, Room 456, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Barberger-Gateau P, Samieri C, Féart C, Plourde M. Dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and Alzheimer's disease: interaction with apolipoprotein E genotype. Curr Alzheimer Res 2011; 8:479-91. [PMID: 21605054 DOI: 10.2174/156720511796391926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest a protective role of omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, most intervention studies of supplementation with n-3 PUFA have yielded disappointing results. One reason for such discordant results may result from inadequate targeting of individuals who might benefit from the supplementation, in particular because of their genetic susceptibility to AD. The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE) is a genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. ApoE plays a key role in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids involved in brain composition and functioning. The action of n-3 PUFA on the aging brain might therefore differ according to ApoE polymorphism. The aim of this review is to examine the interaction between dietary fatty acids and ApoE genotype on the risk for AD. Carriers of the ε4 allele tend to be the most responsive to changes in dietary fat and cholesterol. Conversely, several epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA on cognitive decline only in those who do not carry ε4 but with inconsistent results. An intervention study showed that only non-carriers had increased concentrations of long-chain n-3 PUFA in response to supplementation. The mechanisms underlying this gene-by-diet interaction on AD risk may involve impaired fatty acids and cholesterol transport, altered metabolism of n-3 PUFA, glucose or ketones, or modification of other risk factors of AD in ε4 carriers. Further research is needed to explain the differential effect of n-3 PUFA on AD according to ApoE genotype.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ling Y, Li X, Gu Q, Gao X. Circulating ApoE level is independently associated with urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic patients. Intern Med 2011; 50:2961-6. [PMID: 22185986 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence from many studies suggests that dyslipidemia has a pathogenetic role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between serum lipid parameters and urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic patients from Shanghai, China. METHODS A total of 1094 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A I (ApoA I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] were measured and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated according to the Friedewald formula. An ACR of ≥30 µg/mg was defined as albuminuria, and <30 µg/mg as normoalbuminuria. RESULTS The levels of ApoE and triglyceride were significantly higher in albuminuric group compared with normoalbuminuric group (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Differences of ACR among the groups based on the tertile of ApoE and the tertile of triglyceride were significant (both p<0.001). In a multiple linear regression model, ApoE was independently associated with ACR (β=0.003, 95%CI 0.002-0.005, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Serum ApoE level was independently associated with urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic patients from Shanghai, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Eriksson UK, Pedersen NL, Reynolds CA, Hong MG, Prince JA, Gatz M, Dickman PW, Bennet AM. Associations of gene sequence variation and serum levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 23:361-9. [PMID: 21116047 PMCID: PMC3237048 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. We therefore sought to study DNA sequence variation and serum levels of the potent inflammatory mediators Interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to AD and dementia. Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) were chosen to capture most variation in and around CRP and IL6 in 3937 elderly Swedish men and women (1,265 AD cases). A sub-set of the population (n = 723) with serum measurements of CRP and IL6 was included in 1) a nested case-control study of incident dementia cases, and 2) a case-control study of prevalent dementia cases. None of the SNPs or haplotypes was significantly associated with AD or dementia after correcting for multiple testing nor were elevated baseline levels of hsCRP or IL6 (measured on average 4.3 years before dementia onset) significantly associated with risk of future AD or dementia. However, prevalent AD cases had higher levels of IL6 (measured on average 5.5 years after dementia onset) than age- and gender-matched controls, OR 2.24 (95% CI 1.27-3.95), p-value 0.006. In summary, this data suggests that AD patients have an altered immune profile with higher circulating levels of IL6 than age- and gender-matched controls. However, neither variation in the CRP and IL6 genes nor circulating levels of their respective protein products were associated with an increased risk of developing late-life dementias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika K. Eriksson
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- Dept. of Psychology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan A. Prince
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul W. Dickman
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Bennet
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
What can human genetics teach us about the causes of cardiovascular disease? J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:2843-5. [PMID: 20579541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Chasman DI, Paré G, Zee RYL, Parker AN, Cook NR, Buring JE, Kwiatkowski DJ, Rose LM, Smith JD, Williams PT, Rieder MJ, Rotter JI, Nickerson DA, Krauss RM, Miletich JP, Ridker PM. Genetic loci associated with plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, and Apolipoprotein B among 6382 white women in genome-wide analysis with replication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 1:21-30. [PMID: 19802338 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.773168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide genetic association analysis represents an opportunity for a comprehensive survey of the genes governing lipid metabolism, potentially revealing new insights or even therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease and related metabolic disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS We have performed large-scale, genome-wide genetic analysis among 6382 white women with replication in 2 cohorts of 970 additional white men and women for associations between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein(Apo) A1, and ApoB. Genome-wide associations (P < 5 x 10(-8)) were found at the PCSK9 gene, the APOB gene, theLPL gene, the APOA1-APOA5 locus, the LIPC gene, the CETP gene, the LDLR gene, and the APOE locus. In addition,genome-wide associations with triglycerides at the GCKR gene confirm and extend emerging links between glucose and lipid metabolism. Still other genome-wide associations at the 1p13.3 locus are consistent with emerging biological properties for a region of the genome, possibly related to the SORT1 gene. Below genome-wide significance, our study provides confirmatory evidence for associations at 5 novel loci with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides reported recently in separate genome-wide association studies. The total proportion of variance explained by common variation at the genome-wide candidate loci ranges from 4.3% for triglycerides to 12.6% for ApoB. CONCLUSION Genome-wide associations at the GCKR gene and near the SORT1 gene, as well as confirmatory associations at 5 additional novel loci, suggest emerging biological pathways for lipid metabolism among white women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Chasman
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hubacek JA, Peasey A, Pikhart H, Stavek P, Kubinova R, Marmot M, Bobak M. APOE polymorphism and its effect on plasma C-reactive protein levels in a large general population sample. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:304-8. [PMID: 20074603 PMCID: PMC2837141 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The published data remain inconsistent on association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variations and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), mainly because of low statistical power of previous studies. To clarify this question, we analyzed data from large population sample of randomly selected individuals from seven Czech towns (2,886 males and 3,344 females, the HAPIEE [Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe] study). In both males and females, the lowest levels of plasma hsCRP were observed in the carriers of the APOE epsilon 4 epsilon 4 and epsilon 4 epsilon 3 genotypes. The median (interquartile range, IQR) concentration of hsCRP in carriers of the most common APOE epsilon 3 epsilon 3 genotype (two-thirds of participants) was 1.13 mg/l (IQR, 0.56-2.33) in men and 1.23 mg/l (IQR, 0.61-2.65) in women, compared with 0.72 mg/l (IQR, 0.61-0.86) in male and 0.72 mg/l (IQR, 0.61-0.85) in female carriers of APOE epsilon 4 epsilon 3/epsilon 4 epsilon 4 genotypes; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The association between APOE and CRP was not materially affected by adjustment for age, sex, history of cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors. This study, the largest to date, provides robust evidence of an association between plasma hsCRP and the APOE genotype, an association not explained by history of cardiovascular disease nor its risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic
- South Bohemia University, Faculty of Public Health and Social Studies, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Petr Stavek
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Coto-Segura P, Coto E, Alvarez V, Morales B, Soto-Sánchez J, Corao AI, Santos-Juanes J. Apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele is associated with psoriasis severity. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 302:145-9. [PMID: 19911187 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-1002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many reports provided strong evidence of the influence of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis (Ps). A higher prevalence of lipid disorders in psoriatic patients has been reported. Because apolipoprotein E (apoE) is involved in lipid metabolism, APOE gene variants could be candidates to influence Ps-risk. However, data about the potential influence of the APOE genotypes in Ps are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the common APOE-epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 variation and Ps in a Caucasian population. Our study involved 331 unrelated Ps-patients and 400 healthy controls. Patients and controls were genotyped for the APOE-epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 polymorphism, and allele and genotype frequencies were statistically compared between the two groups and between patients according to disease severity. Mean lipid values were also compared between the APOE genotypes. Allele and genotype frequencies did not differ between patients and controls. APOE-epsilon4 carriers were significantly more frequent in patients with severe Ps compared to controls (P = 0.003) and to non-severe Ps (P = 0.017). No significant difference in mean lipid values was found between the APOE genotypes. The APOE-epsilon4 allele could be a risk factor for developing a severe form of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Coto-Segura
- Dermatology II Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Celestino Villamil s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Andreotti G, Menashe I, Chen J, Chang SC, Rashid A, Gao YT, Han TQ, Sakoda LC, Chanock S, Rosenberg PS, Hsing AW. Genetic determinants of serum lipid levels in Chinese subjects: a population-based study in Shanghai, China. Eur J Epidemiol 2009; 24:763-74. [PMID: 19888660 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-009-9402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the associations between 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of eight lipid metabolism genes and lipid levels in a Chinese population. This study was conducted as part of a population-based study in China with 799 randomly selected healthy residents who provided fasting blood and an in-person interview. Associations between variants and mean lipid levels were examined using a test of trend and least squares mean test in a general linear model. Four SNPs were associated with lipid levels: LDLR rs1003723 was associated with total cholesterol (P-trend = 0.002) and LDL (P-trend = 0.01), LDLR rs6413503 was associated with total cholesterol (P-trend = 0.05), APOB rs1367117 was associated with apoB (P-trend = 0.02), and ABCB11 rs49550 was associated with total cholesterol (P-trend = 0.01), triglycerides (P-trend = 0.01), and apoA (P-trend = 0.01). We found statistically significant effects on lipid levels for LDLR rs6413503 among those with high dairy intake, LPL rs263 among those with high allium vegetable intake, and APOE rs440446 among those with high red meat intake. We identified new associations between SNPs and lipid levels in Chinese previously found in Caucasians. These findings provide insight into the role of lipid metabolism genes, as well as the mechanisms by which these genes may be linked with disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS 8011, MSC 7240, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Golledge J, Biros E, Cooper M, Warrington N, Palmer LJ, Norman PE. Apolipoprotein E genotype is associated with serum C-reactive protein but not abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2009; 209:487-91. [PMID: 19818961 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype has been associated with systemic inflammation and athero-thrombosis however the association with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has not been previously examined. We assessed the association between ApoE genotype with AAA presence and growth, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS Serum concentrations of CRP (in 1358 men) and 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for ApoE (in 1711 men) were examined in subjects from the Health In Men Study. 640 men with small AAAs were followed by ultrasound surveillance for a mean of 4.1 years. RESULTS There was no association between ApoE genotype and AAA presence. Men heterozygote for the ApoE p.Arg176Cys polymorphism had slower AAA growth, odds ratio for AAA progression> or =median 0.41, 95% confidence intervals 0.21-0.80, p=0.01. Men heterozygote for the ApoE g.50093756A>G polymorphism had slightly more rapid AAA growth, odds ratio for AAA progression> or =median 1.48, 95% confidence intervals 1.02-2.14, p=0.04. None of the ApoE SNPs were associated with AAA growth however taking into account multiple testing. Two SNPs in ApoE were associated with serum CRP under a co-dominant model, ApoE p.Cys130Arg (SNP ID rs429358), p=0.00003 and ApoE g.50114786A>G (SNP ID rs4420638), p=0.00013. Adjusting for other risk factors plus serum creatinine the varepsilon4 allele was associated with lower serum CRP under a dominant model, coefficient 0.089, p=0.002. CONCLUSION We found no consistent association between ApoE genotype and AAA. We confirmed an association between ApoE genotype and serum CRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Genome-wide association studies in an isolated founder population from the Pacific Island of Kosrae. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000365. [PMID: 19197348 PMCID: PMC2628735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been argued that the limited genetic diversity and reduced allelic heterogeneity observed in isolated founder populations facilitates discovery of loci contributing to both Mendelian and complex disease. A strong founder effect, severe isolation, and substantial inbreeding have dramatically reduced genetic diversity in natives from the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, who exhibit a high prevalence of obesity and other metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that genetic drift and possibly natural selection on Kosrae might have increased the frequency of previously rare genetic variants with relatively large effects, making these alleles readily detectable in genome-wide association analysis. However, mapping in large, inbred cohorts introduces analytic challenges, as extensive relatedness between subjects violates the assumptions of independence upon which traditional association test statistics are based. We performed genome-wide association analysis for 15 quantitative traits in 2,906 members of the Kosrae population, using novel approaches to manage the extreme relatedness in the sample. As positive controls, we observe association to known loci for plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein and to a compelling candidate loci for thyroid stimulating hormone and fasting plasma glucose. We show that our study is well powered to detect common alleles explaining >/=5% phenotypic variance. However, no such large effects were observed with genome-wide significance, arguing that even in such a severely inbred population, common alleles typically have modest effects. Finally, we show that a majority of common variants discovered in Caucasians have indistinguishable effect sizes on Kosrae, despite the major differences in population genetics and environment.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chasman DI. On the utility of gene set methods in genomewide association studies of quantitative traits. Genet Epidemiol 2009; 32:658-68. [PMID: 18481796 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In genomewide genetic association studies, prior biological knowledge may help distinguish variation that is truly associated with a quantitative trait from the vast majority of unassociated variation that may be significant in hypothesis testing due to chance. However, formal methods for integrating prior biological knowledge into association studies have only been proposed recently, and their potential utility has not been thoroughly evaluated. Herein, gene set methods from genomewide analysis of gene expression data are adapted for application to genomewide genetic analysis of quantitative traits. The proposed gene set method was tested in simulations with gene sets that included up to 500 total variants, among which up to 20 collectively explained 5% of the variance. In a population of 1,000 individuals, the gene set method was largely more efficient at detecting truly associated variants in these gene sets than a comparably calibrated conventional approach relying on P-values alone. While extremely strong associations remain best identified by conventional methods, the gene set approach may provide a complementary mode of analysis for revealing the full spectrum of genes that influence a quantitative trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Chasman
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chasman DI, Paré G, Ridker PM. Population-Based Genomewide Genetic Analysis of Common Clinical Chemistry Analytes. Clin Chem 2009; 55:39-51. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Recent technologies enable genetic association studies of common clinical analytes on a genomewide basis in populations numbering thousands of individuals. The first publications using these technologies are already revealing novel biological functions for both genic and nongenic loci, and are promising to transform knowledge about the biological networks underlying disease pathophysiology. These early studies have also led to development of a set of principles for conducting a successful genomewide association study (GWAS).
Content: This review focuses on these principles with emphasis on the use of GWAS for plasma-based analytes to better understand human disease, with examples from cardiovascular biology.
Conclusions: The correlation of common genetic variation on a genomewide basis with clinical analytes, or any other outcome of interest, promises to reveal how parts of the genome work together in human physiology. Nonetheless, performing a genomewide association study demands an awareness of very specific epidemiologic and analytic principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Montecucco F, Mach F. New evidences for C-reactive protein (CRP) deposits in the arterial intima as a cardiovascular risk factor. Clin Interv Aging 2008; 3:341-9. [PMID: 18686755 PMCID: PMC2546477 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are orchestrated by several soluble molecules, which interact with cell populations involved. Cytokines, chemokines, acute-phase reactants, and hormones are crucial in the evolution of several inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis. Several evidences suggest that C-reactive protein (CRP) started to be considered as a cardiovascular risk factor, since CRP directly induces atheroslerosis development. The recent demonstration of CRP production not only by the liver, but also within atherosclerotic plaques by activated vascular cells, also suggests a possible dual role, as both a systemic and tissue agent. Although more studies are needed, some therapeutic approaches to reduce CRP levels have been performed with encouraging results. However, given the strong limitations represented by its low specificity and still accordingly with the American Heart Association, there is no need for high sensitivity CRP screening of the entire adult population as a public-health measure. The measure of serum CRP might be useful only for patients who are considered at intermediate risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Grammer TB, März W, Renner W, Böhm BO, Hoffmann MM. C-reactive protein genotypes associated with circulating C-reactive protein but not with angiographic coronary artery disease: the LURIC study. Eur Heart J 2008; 30:170-82. [PMID: 18499652 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Circulating C-reactive protein is associated with future cardiovascular events. The causal role of C-reactive protein in the development of atherosclerosis remains controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the association between three genetic polymorphisms (PM) (-717C>T, rs2794521; +1059G>C, rs1800947; +1444C>T, rs1130864) at the C-reactive protein locus and related haplotypes with both circulating C-reactive protein and angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD). The concentration of C-reactive protein was similar in patients with stable CAD and in controls, but increased in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes. In models adjusting for the main confounding variables, the minor alleles of the +1059G>C (rs1800947) and the +1444C>T PM (rs1130864) were associated with decreased and increased concentrations of C-reactive protein, respectively. Haplotypes 1 and 4 decreased, and haplotype 2 increased C-reactive protein, whereas haplotype 3 had no appreciable effect. None of the genetic variants affecting circulating C-reactive protein was consistently associated with the prevalence of angiographic CAD. CONCLUSION A causal role of C-reactive protein in the development of CAD would require that genetic PM resulting in long-term modulation of the concentration of C-reactive protein be themselves associated with CAD. We were not able to detect such a relationship, which can be attributed to either a very small genetic effect size or the relationship between C-reactive protein and cardiovascular events may reflect confounding and reverse causation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja B Grammer
- Synlab Centre of Laboratory Diagnostics Heidelberg, PO Box 10 47 80, D-69037 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reiner AP, Barber MJ, Guan Y, Ridker PM, Lange LA, Chasman DI, Walston JD, Cooper GM, Jenny NS, Rieder MJ, Durda JP, Smith JD, Novembre J, Tracy RP, Rotter JI, Stephens M, Nickerson DA, Krauss RM. Polymorphisms of the HNF1A gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha are associated with C-reactive protein. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:1193-201. [PMID: 18439552 PMCID: PMC2427318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from the Pharmacogenomics and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (PARC) study and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) provide independent and confirmatory evidence for association between common polymorphisms of the HNF1A gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. Analyses with the use of imputation-based methods to combine genotype data from both studies and to test untyped SNPs from the HapMap database identified several SNPs within a 5 kb region of HNF1A intron 1 with the strongest evidence of association with CRP phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Reiner
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Loci related to metabolic-syndrome pathways including LEPR,HNF1A, IL6R, and GCKR associate with plasma C-reactive protein: the Women's Genome Health Study. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:1185-92. [PMID: 18439548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) independently predict increased risk of development of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and stroke, comprehensive analysis of the influence of genetic variation on CRP is not available. To address this issue, we performed a genome-wide association study among 6345 apparently healthy women in which we evaluated 336,108 SNPs as potential determinants of plasma CRP concentration. Overall, seven loci that associate with plasma CRP at levels achieving genome-wide statistical significance were found (range of p values for lead SNPs within the seven loci: 1.9 x 10(-)(8) to 6.2 x 10(-)(28)). Two of these loci (GCKR and HNF1A) are suspected or known to be associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young, one is a gene-desert region on 12q23.2, and the remaining four loci are in or near the leptin receptor protein gene, the apolipoprotein E gene, the interleukin-6 receptor protein gene, or the CRP gene itself. The protein products of six of these seven loci are directly involved in metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, beta cell function, weight homeostasis, and/or premature atherothrombosis. Thus, common variation in several genes involved in metabolic and inflammatory regulation have significant effects on CRP levels, consistent with CRP's identification as a useful biomarker of risk for incident vascular disease and diabetes.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rhodes B, Meek J, Whittaker JC, Vyse TJ. Quantification of the genetic component of basal C-reactive protein expression in SLE nuclear families. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72:611-20. [PMID: 18373721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable acute-phase plasma protein also expressed at low, basal, levels in healthy individuals. Elevated basal CRP has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, while CRP dysregulation may be a feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this cohort of 496 Caucasian SLE families we estimated basal CRP heritability, h(2)= 27.7%. We typed a dense map of CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and found that seven were associated with basal CRP using both a regression approach and an orthogonal family-based test (P = 0.001-0.011), as were haplotypes carrying the minor allele of these SNPs. SNPs in the interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 genes were associated with basal CRP. No association was seen between CRP genotype and SLE. Using a variance components approach we estimated that the CRP genotype accounted for only 15% of the total genetic component of basal CRP variation, perhaps explaining the limited evidence of association between CRP and disease. Most of the genetic determinants of basal CRP variation therefore remain unknown. Multiple genes may be involved and identifying them will provide an insight into pathways regulating CRP expression, highlight potential cardiovascular disease and SLE candidates and improve the ability of basal CRP to predict cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Rhodes
- Department of Rheumatology, Molecular Genetics and Rheumatology Section, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Genetic determinants of basal C-reactive protein expression in Filipino systemic lupus erythematosus families. Genes Immun 2008; 9:153-60. [PMID: 18216863 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Basal C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable trait associated with long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Existing studies leave ambiguity over the key functional polymorphisms and fail to adjust for trans-acting effects. In a novel cohort of 285 Filipino systemic lupus erythematosus probands and their first-degree relatives, we quantified serum CRP and typed a dense map of CRP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), along with SNPs in the interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and apolipoprotein E genes. Ten CRP SNPs demonstrated association with basal CRP in a regression model (P=0.011-0.002). These delineated two haplotypes associated with high and low basal CRP expression (P=0.002). Differences in allele frequency were seen compared with Caucasian populations, enabling us to argue for an independent genetic effect from a phylogenetically distinct haplotype tagged by SNP rs1800947. We demonstrated an association between Apo epsilon 2 and higher basal CRP. Interleukin-6 genotype was associated with basal CRP, highlighting a role for acute-phase cytokines even in basal expression. Identifying these trans-acting variants may improve the use of basal CRP as a predictor cardiovascular risk, and increase our power to detect associations between CRP and disease.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kulminski AM, Ukraintseva SV, Arbeev KG, Manton KG, Oshima J, Martin GM, Il'yasova D, Yashin AI. Health-protective and adverse effects of the apolipoprotein E epsilon2 allele in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56:478-83. [PMID: 18179501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reexamine a health-protective role of the common apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism focusing on connections between the APOE epsilon2-containing genotypes and impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in older (> or = 65) men and women and to examine how diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD), Alzheimer's disease, colorectal cancer, macular degeneration, and atherosclerosis may mediate these connections. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING The unique disability-focused data from a genetic subsample of the 1999 National Long Term Care Survey linked with Medicare service use files. PARTICIPANTS One thousand seven hundred thirty-three genotyped individuals interviewed regarding IADL disabilities. MEASUREMENTS Indicators of IADL impairments, five geriatric disorders, and epsilon2-containing genotypes. RESULTS The epsilon2/3 genotype is a major contributor to adverse associations between the epsilon2 allele and IADL disability in men (odds ratio (OR)=3.09, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.53-6.26), although it provides significant protective effects for CHD (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.33-0.92), whereas CHD is adversely associated with IADL disability (OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.28-3.72). Adjustment for five diseases does not significantly alter the adverse association between epsilon2-containing genotypes and disability. Protective effects of the epsilon2/3 genotype for CHD (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.27-0.99) and deleterious effects for IADLs (OR=3.50, 95% CI=1.71-7.14) for men hold in multivariate models with both these factors included. No significant associations between the epsilon2-containing genotypes and IADL are found in women. CONCLUSION The epsilon2 allele can play a dual role in men, protecting them against some health disorders, while promoting others. Strong adverse relationships with disability suggest that epsilon2-containing genotypes can be unfavorable factors for the health and well-being of aging men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Trent Hall, Room 002, Trent Drive, Box 90408, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Haan MN, Aiello AE, West NA, Jagust WJ. C-reactive protein and rate of dementia in carriers and non carriers of Apolipoprotein APOE4 genotype. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 29:1774-82. [PMID: 17540481 PMCID: PMC2593150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Those with an Apolipoprotein APOE4 allele (APOE4) have lower C-reactive protein (CRP) than those without APOE4. Whether APOE4 modifies the effects of CRP on rate of all cause dementia, cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not established. METHODS All cause dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) was determined over five follow up visits from 1998 to 2006 in an ongoing cohort of older Latinos. The association between high sensitivity CRP and dementia/CIND, all cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease by APOE4 status was examined in semi-parametric survival models with covariate adjustments. RESULTS CRP was significantly lower among those with APOE4 than in those without. Among those with APOE4, CRP was associated with lower rates of combined dementia/CIND (HR: 0.60, 95% CL: 0.20-0.91, p=0.03) from a fully adjusted model. Among those with no APOE4, there was no effect of CRP on dementia/CIND rates (HR: 0.94, 95% CL: 0.67-1.33). CONCLUSIONS Lower CRP in those with APOE4 may reflect immune effects of the APOE4 genotype. Higher CRP in those with APOE4 may be a marker of better immune function, leading to lower rate of dementia and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary N Haan
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Berrahmoune H, Herbeth B, Siest G, Visvikis-Siest S. Heritability of serum hs-CRP concentration and 5-year changes in the Stanislas family study: association with apolipoprotein E alleles. Genes Immun 2007; 8:352-9. [PMID: 17460724 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at estimating additive genetic heritability, household component effect and the influence of common alleles of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and the subsequent changes over 5 years. A sub-sample of 320 nuclear families was randomly selected from the Stanislas Family Study. Serum hs-CRP concentration was measured by immunonephelometry at entrance and after 5 years. APOE alleles were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. After adjustment for covariates, the number of the epsilon4 allele was negatively associated with serum concentration of hs-CRP in the whole sample, at entrance and 5 years later, without significant interaction with sex by generation groups (P=0.003 and P=0.0003, respectively). However, no significant association was found between epsilon4 allele and 5-year changes in hs-CRP concentration. Using a variance component analysis, no significant genetic influence was shown in family aggregation of both hs-CRP measurements and 5-year changes; the household common component was between 6.5 and 12.8%. In addition, after adjustment for APOE gene polymorphisms, degrees of resemblance were almost unchanged. In the Stanislas Family Study, epsilon4 allele of the APOE gene was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration, but not with 5-year changes. However, variance component analysis did not evidence a significant polygenic effect.
Collapse
|