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Tang H, Xie L, Liu L, Shen Y, Yang P, Wu J, Zhao X, Li Y, Wang Z, Mao Y. Renal fat deposition measured on dixon-based MRI is significantly associated with early kidney damage in obesity. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:3476-3484. [PMID: 38839650 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the renal fat deposition on Dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to explore the predictive value of renal fat biomarkers of magnetic resonance (MR-RFBs) for early kidney damage in obesity. METHODS This prospective study included 56 obese volunteers and 47 non-obese healthy volunteers. All volunteers underwent renal magnetic resonance examinations. The differences in MR-RFBs [including renal proton density fat fraction (PDFF), renal sinus fat volume (RSFV), and perirenal fat thickness (PRFT)] measured on Dixon-based MRI between the obese and non-obese volunteers were analyzed using a general linear model, taking sex, age, diabetes, and hypertension as covariates. The relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and demographic, laboratory, and imaging parameters in obese volunteers was examined by correlation analysis. RESULTS Obese volunteers had higher MR-RFBs than non-obese volunteers after controlling for confounders (all p < 0.001). Renal PDFF (r = - 0.383; p = 0.004), RSFV (r = - 0.368; p = 0.005), and PRFT (r = - 0.451; p < 0.001) were significantly negatively correlated with eGFR in obesity. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, renal PDFF, and RSFV, PRFT remained independently negatively associated with eGFR (β = - 0.587; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS All MR-RFBs are negatively correlated with eGFR in obesity. The MR-RFBs, especially PRFT, may have predictive value for early kidney damage in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Tang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianghua Xie
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No.15 Lequn Road, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiamei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Dongnan Hospital, No.98 Tongjiang Avenue, Chayuan New District, Nan'an District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Mao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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Guldan M, Ozbek L, Topcu AU, Covic A, Kanbay M. Metabolically healthy obesity and chronic kidney disease risk: exploring the dynamics. Panminerva Med 2024; 66:293-308. [PMID: 38990212 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.24.05112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity represents a prevalent global health concern with significant implications for various diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Within this landscape, the phenomenon of metabolically healthy obesity has emerged, challenging traditional notions about the health risks associated with excess weight. While traditional CKD risk factors involve obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hypertension, the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subgroup disrupts these assumptions. Our main objective in this study is to integrate existing literature on CKD in MHO individuals. In this endeavor, we delve into the pathophysiological foundations, the transition between obesity phenotypes and their impact on renal health, examine the implications of their metabolic resilience on mortality within a renal context, and explore potential management strategies specifically designed for MHO individuals. Offering a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, we cover various factors contributing to the risk of CKD in the metabolically healthy obese setting, including inflammation, cytokines, hemodynamics, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, gastrointestinal microbiota, diet, exercise, adipose distribution, and lipotoxicity. Through this synthesis, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the risk of CKD in those classified as MHO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet U Topcu
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye -
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Ramessur V, Hunma S, Joonas N, Ramessur BN, Schutz Y, Montani JP, Dulloo AG. Visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio: a critical determinant of sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks among Asian Indians and African Creoles in Mauritius. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1092-1102. [PMID: 38615158 PMCID: PMC11281908 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality are higher in people of South Asian origin than in those of African origin. We investigated whether as young adults without diabetes, people in Mauritius of South Asian descent (Indians) would show a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile that those of predominantly African descent (Creoles), and whether this could be explained by ethnic differences in visceral adiposity or other fat distribution patterns. METHODS The study was conducted in 189 young non-physically active adults, with the following measurements conducted after an overnight fast: anthropometry (weight, height, waist circumference), whole-body and regional body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood assays for glycemic (glucose and HbA1c) and lipid profile (triglycerides and cholesterols). RESULTS The results indicate higher serum triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol in men than in women, and in Indians than in Creoles (p < 0.001). No significant differences due to sex or ethnicity are observed in body mass index and waist circumference, but indices of visceral adiposity (visceral/android, visceral/subcutaneous) and visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio (visceral/gynoid, visceral/limb) were significantly higher in men than in women, and in Indians than in Creoles. The significant effects of sex and ethnicity on blood lipid profile were either completely abolished or reduced to a greater extent after adjusting for the ratio of visceral-to-peripheral adiposity than for visceral adiposity per se. CONCLUSIONS In young adults in Mauritius, Indians show a more adverse pattern of body fat distribution and blood lipid risk profile than Creoles. Differences in their fat distribution patterns, however, only partially explain their differential atherogenic lipid risk profile, amid a greater impact of visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio than that of visceral adiposity per se on sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks; the former possibly reflecting the ratio of hazardous (visceral) adiposity and protective (peripheral) superficial subcutaneous adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaysing Ramessur
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sadhna Hunma
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Bibi Nasreen Ramessur
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Yves Schutz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Mitsushio K, Baden MY, Kagisaki T, Kato S, Niki A, Takayama R, Horii T, Ozawa H, Ishibashi C, Hosokawa Y, Fujita Y, Kozawa J, Shimomura I. Interrelationships Among Accumulations of Intra- and Periorgan Fats, Visceral Fat, and Subcutaneous Fat. Diabetes 2024; 73:1122-1126. [PMID: 38656942 PMCID: PMC11189825 DOI: 10.2337/db24-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the relationship between intra- and periorgan fats, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat. We used abdominal computed tomography to evaluate intra- and periorgan fat accumulations in the pancreas, liver, spleen, renal parenchyma, renal sinus, and skeletal muscle. The relationships between these fats, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat were examined by using partial correlation and covariance analysis, adjusting for BMI. We found that visceral fat and all intra- and periorgan fat accumulations were positively correlated, whereas subcutaneous fat and accumulations of all intra- and periorgan fats and visceral fat were negatively correlated. Individuals with excessive visceral fat accumulation had significantly greater accumulations of fat in the pancreas, liver, renal sinus, and skeletal muscle than those without excessive visceral fat accumulation (P = 0.01, 0.006, 0.008, and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, all intra- and periorgan fat accumulations show a positive correlation with visceral fat and a negative correlation with subcutaneous fat, independent of BMI. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mitsushio
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Megu Y. Baden
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuya Kagisaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sarasa Kato
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Niki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Risa Takayama
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomomi Horii
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Ozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisaki Ishibashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Hosokawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Landes S, Aldiwani H, Thomson L, Wei J, Al-Badri A, Mehta PK, Pedram M, Motwani M, Cook-Weins G, Sopko G, Pepine CJ, Merz CNB, Dey D. Pericardial fat volume is related to endothelial-mediated coronary blood flow in women with suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction. A report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation-Coronary Vascular Dysfunction (WISE-CVD) study. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 40:100379. [PMID: 38586431 PMCID: PMC10994862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Coronary microvascular dysfunction is prevalent in women with signs and symptoms of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with an adverse prognosis. Elevated pericardial fat volume predicts adverse cardiac events, but mechanistic pathways of the association are not well understood. Methods 118 women enrolled in the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation-Coronary Vascular Dysfunction study with suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction but no obstructive CAD underwent adenosine stress 1.5 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) imaging and invasive coronary reactivity testing. Semi-quantitative myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPR) index was derived from perfusion images. Pericardial fat volume was measured by manually contouring the cardiac margins and adjacent adipose tissue on a single trans-axial HASTE slice at the level of the left main coronary artery origin and indexed to body surface-area. Simple standard deviation analysis obtained for continuous variables and frequency (percent) for categorical variables. The relationships between pericardial fat volume and coronary reactivity testing parameters were examined by correlation and multivariable regression analyses. Results Women with suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction had a mean age of 55 ± 10 years, body mass index (BMI) of 28 ± 7 kg/m2, 44 % had a history of smoking, 63 % hypertension, 8 % diabetes, and 20 % dyslipidemia. CMR imaging-derived pericardial fat volume and coronary blood flow response to intracoronary acetylcholine (Δ CBF) were negatively correlated (r = -0.32, p = 0.0013). After adjustment for age, number of risk factors, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and cold pressor diameter response, pericardial fat volume remained a significant predictor of Δ coronary blood flow (p = 0.04). There was no association with other coronary reactivity testing measures or CMRI derived MPR index. Conclusions Among women with suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction but no obstructive CAD, pericardial fat volume appears to be related in a hypothesized adverse direction to coronary microvascular endothelial function. These results support further work confirming and extending these results to investigate pericardial fat volume as mechanistic pathway and potential treatment target for coronary microvascular dysfunction-related adverse events.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.govNCT00832702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofy Landes
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Haider Aldiwani
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Louise Thomson
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Janet Wei
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Al-Badri
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Puja K. Mehta
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael Pedram
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Manish Motwani
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Galen Cook-Weins
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, United States of America
| | - George Sopko
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - C. Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Damini Dey
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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6
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Inokuchi Y, Takashina T, Hayashi Y, Sakihara J, Uematsu M, Kurosaki H. An Evaluation of Renal Sinus Fat Accumulation Using the Anteroposterior Diameter of the Renal Sinus on a Computed Tomography Axial Image. Cureus 2024; 16:e58006. [PMID: 38738023 PMCID: PMC11087672 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and objectives Renal sinus fat (RSF) is an indicator of obesity-related complications. However, the measurement and imaging process are complicated. For a simple measurement of RSF, we focused on the kidney's shape change caused by RSF accumulation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether the anteroposterior diameter of the renal sinus (APDRS) on a computed tomography (CT) axial image is useful for evaluating RSF accumulation. Materials and methods The correlation between APDRS and RSF was investigated in 98 outpatients who underwent abdominal CT. In addition, the correlation between APDRS or RSF and obesity indicators (estimated glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine levels (eGFRcreat), body mass index (BMI), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)) was also investigated. We classified patients based on the presence or absence of at least one underlying disease (chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D)) and investigated significant differences between the two groups at APDRS and RSF. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also calculated for APDRS. Results There was a strong positive correlation between RSF and APDRS (r = 0.802, P < 0.01). The obesity indicators (eGFRcreat, BMI, and VAT) were correlated with RSF and APDRS (P < 0.01). Out of 98 outpatients, 48 had at least one underlying disease. There were statistically significant differences in APDRS and RSF between the patients with and without at least one of the underlying diseases caused by obesity (P < 0.01). The inter-reader ICC for the measurement of the APDRS was 0.98. Conclusions APDRS on a CT axial image may be useful for the evaluation of RSF accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jo Sakihara
- Department of Radiology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Masahiro Uematsu
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hiromasa Kurosaki
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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Li F, Yang W, Sun S, He W, Xu S, Han B, Ma M. Dietary factors and hypertension: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2502-2510. [PMID: 38628203 PMCID: PMC11016398 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This research explores the causal link between dietary habits and hypertension through Mendelian randomization, providing distinct perspectives on the role of diet in addressing this worldwide health issue. Utilizing instrumental variables, we applied advanced statistical methods, including the weighted median, inverse variance weighted, and MR-Egger, to evaluate the impact of 17 dietary elements on hypertension. These elements ranged across various food groups, such as fruits, meats, vegetables, and beverages, both alcoholic and nonalcoholic. Our results identified a significant positive association of hypertension with weekly alcohol consumption (OR 1.340 [95%CI 1.0001 to 1.794], p = .0499) and poultry intake (OR 2.569 [95%CI 1.305 to 5.057], p = .00631). Conversely, a negative association was observed with lamb/mutton (OR 0.550 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.881], p = .0129), cheese (OR 0.650 [95%CI 0.519 to 0.813], p = .000159), tea (OR 0.797 [95%CI 0.640 to 0.993], p = .0433), cereal (OR 0.684 [95%CI 0.494 to 0.948], p = .0227), and dried fruit consumption (OR 0.492 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.707], p = .000127). These findings suggest that dietary modifications, such as increasing consumption of specific foods like cheese, lamb/mutton, tea, cereals, and dried fruits, could potentially reduce hypertension risk while reducing intake of alcoholic beverages and poultry might mitigate its increase. No direct causal relationships were established between other dietary factors and hypertension. The study highlights the importance of specific dietary modifications for the prevention and control of hypertension, making a substantial contribution to public health tactics and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhouChina
| | - Wenwen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Shuo Sun
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wenhui He
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhouChina
| | - Shangqing Xu
- Skills Training CenterThe First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Biao Han
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Province International Cooperation Base for Research and Application of Key technology of Thoracic SurgeryLanzhouChina
| | - Minjie Ma
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Gansu Province International Cooperation Base for Research and Application of Key technology of Thoracic SurgeryLanzhouChina
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Fang M, Liu X, Xu W, Wang X, Xu L, Zhao TJ, Li P, Yang H. Paxillin family proteins Hic-5 and LPXN promote lipid storage by regulating the ubiquitination degradation of CIDEC. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105610. [PMID: 38159847 PMCID: PMC10850781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Many metabolic diseases are caused by disorders of lipid homeostasis. CIDEC, a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein, plays a critical role in controlling LD fusion and lipid storage. However, regulators of CIDEC remain largely unknown. Here, we established a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF)-based high-throughput screening method and identified LPXN as a positive regulatory candidate for CIDEC. LPXN and Hic-5, the members of the Paxillin family, are focal adhesion adaptor proteins that contribute to the recruitment of specific kinases and phosphatases, cofactors, and structural proteins, participating in the transduction of extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Our data showed that Hic-5 and LPXN significantly increased the protein level of CIDEC and enhanced CIDEC stability not through triacylglycerol synthesis and FAK signaling pathways. Hic-5 and LPXN reduced the ubiquitination of CIDEC and inhibited its proteasome degradation pathway. Furthermore, Hic-5 and LPXN enlarged LDs and promoted lipid storage in adipocytes. Therefore, we identified Hic-5 and LPXN as novel regulators of CIDEC. Our current findings also suggest intervention with Hic-5 and LPXN might ameliorate ectopic fat storage by enhancing the lipid storage capacity of white adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Jin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Yogendran V, Mele L, Prysyazhna O, Budhram-Mahadeo VS. Vascular dysfunction caused by loss of Brn-3b/POU4F2 transcription factor in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells is linked to deregulation of calcium signalling pathways. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:770. [PMID: 38007517 PMCID: PMC10676411 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute significantly to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but factors driving early adverse vascular changes are poorly understood. We report on novel and important roles for the Brn-3b/POU4F2 (Brn-3b) transcription factor (TF) in controlling VSMC integrity and function. Brn-3b protein is expressed in mouse aorta with localisation to VSMCs. Male Brn-3b knock-out (KO) aortas displayed extensive remodelling with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, elastin fibre disruption and small but consistent narrowing/coarctation in the descending aortas. RNA sequencing analysis showed that these effects were linked to deregulation of genes required for calcium (Ca2+) signalling, vascular contractility, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER) stress responses and immune function in Brn-3b KO aortas and validation studies confirmed changes in Ca2+ signalling genes linked to increased intracellular Ca2+ and S/ER Ca2+ depletion [e.g. increased, Cacna1d Ca2+ channels; ryanodine receptor 2, (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLN) but reduced ATP2a1, encoding SERCA1 pump] and chaperone proteins, Hspb1, HspA8, DnaJa1 linked to increased S/ER stress, which also contributes to contractile dysfunction. Accordingly, vascular rings from Brn-3b KO aortas displayed attenuated contractility in response to KCl or phenylephrine (PE) while Brn-3b KO-derived VSMC displayed abnormal Ca2+ signalling following ATP stimulation. This data suggests that Brn-3b target genes are necessary to maintain vascular integrity /contractile function and deregulation upon loss of Brn-3b will contribute to contractile dysfunction linked to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishaali Yogendran
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Laura Mele
- Molecular Biology Development and Disease, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- Clinical Pharmacology Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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10
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Cao Y, Ibrahim KS, Li X, Wong A, Wu Y, Yu XD, Zhou X, Tan Z, He Z, Craft JA, Shu X. Chinese medicine, Qijudihuang pill, mediates cholesterol metabolism and regulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice, implications for age-related macular degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274401. [PMID: 37901244 PMCID: PMC10602650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese Medicines have been used for thousands of years but without any sound empirical basis. One such preparation is the Qijudihuang pill (QP), a mixture of eight herbs, that has been used in China for the treatment of various conditions including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in the aged population. In order to explain the mechanism behind the effect of QP, we used an AMD model of high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice to investigate cholesterol homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and gut microbiota. Methods Mice were randomly divided into three groups, one group was fed with control diet (CD), the other two groups were fed with high-fat-diet (HFD). One HFD group was treated with QP, both CD and the other HFD groups were treated with vehicles. Tissue samples were collected after the treatment. Cholesterol levels in retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), liver and serum were determined using a commercial kit. The expression of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress was measured with qRT-PCR. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results In the majority of the lipid determinations, analytes were elevated by HFD but this was reversed by QP. Cholesterol metabolism including the enzymes of bile acid (BA) formation was suppressed by HFD but again this was reversed by QP. BAs play a major role in signaling between host and microbiome and this is disrupted by HFD resulting in major changes in the composition of colonic bacterial communities. Associated with these changes are predictions of the metabolic pathway complexity and abundance of individual pathways. These concerned substrate breakdowns, energy production and the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory factors but were changed back to control characteristics by QP. Conclusion We propose that the ability of QP to reverse these HFD-induced effects is related to mechanisms acting to lower cholesterol level, oxidative stress and inflammation, and to modulate gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Cao
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Khalid S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Xing Li
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Aileen Wong
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu-Dong Yu
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhou
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiming He
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - John A. Craft
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Vision Science , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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11
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Xu S, Ren R, Li W, Liang Y, Ma J, Zheng Y, Zhao W, Ma Y, Zhou T, Zhang Y. The association between obesity indicators and metabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetic patients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20013. [PMID: 37809456 PMCID: PMC10559737 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives Obesity, accumulation of adipose tissue, is a global disease that can lead to cardiovascular and metabolic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity indicators and metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and methods A total of 337 T2DM subjects were included in our study. The metabolic risk factors including diabetes duration, fast plasma glucose (FPG), height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), estimated average glucose (eAG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), free fatty acid (FFA), uric acid (UA), cystatin c (cysc), albumin (Alb), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) were recorded. The obesity indicators included body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), para-perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), total abdominal fat (TAF), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The association between obesity indicators and metabolic risk factors was investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results HDL-c was independently associated with WHR and PRFT (β = -0.126 vs. -0.214, both p < 0.05). TG and Scr were both independently associated with PRFT (β = 0.173 vs. 0.218, both p < 0.01, respectively). UA was independently associated with BSA (β = 0.172, p < 0.01) and PRFT (β = 0.151, p < 0.01). cysc, Alb and UACR were independently associated with WC (β = 0.274 vs. 0.204 vs. 0.182, all p < 0.01). Conclusion In T2DM patients, obesity indicators were significantly associated with metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruichen Ren
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfeng Liang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongze Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Tai'an First People's Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, but children and adolescents are also at risk for early kidney injury and development of CKD. Obesity contributes both directly and indirectly to the development of CKD. The purpose of this review is to describe obesity-related kidney disease (ORKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and their impact in the pediatric population. RECENT FINDINGS Although obesity-related CKD in childhood and adolescence is uncommon, nascent kidney damage may magnify the lifetime risk of CKD. Glomerular hyperfiltration is an early phenotype of both ORKD and DKD and typically manifests prior to albuminuria and progressive decline in GFR. Novel treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes exerting protective effects on the kidneys are being investigated for use in the pediatric population. It is important to understand the impact of obesity on the kidneys more fully in the pediatric population to help detect injury earlier and intervene prior to the onset of irreversible progression of disease and to guide future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sawyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16Th Avenue, Box 158, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Evan Zeitler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16Th Avenue, Box 158, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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13
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Morales-Ferra DL, Zavala-Sánchez MÁ, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Trejo-Moreno C, González-Cortazar M, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Guerrero-Romero F, Zamilpa A. Chemical Characterization, Antilipidemic Effect and Anti-Obesity Activity of Ludwigia octovalvis in a Murine Model of Metabolic Syndrome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2578. [PMID: 37447139 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven is widely used in traditional medicine for different illnesses, including diabetes and hypertension. However, its impact on lipotoxicity and metabolic syndrome in vivo has not been addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this plant on the metabolic syndrome parameters in a C57BL6J mouse hypercaloric diet model. L. octovalvis hydroalcoholic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (25 mg/kg/day) were used for sub-chronic assessment (10 weeks). Additionally, four subfractions (25 mg/kg) were evaluated in the postprandial triglyceridemia test in healthy C57BL6J mice. The hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction significantly decreased body weight gain (-6.9 g and -1.5 g), fasting glycemia (-46.1 and -31.2 mg/dL), systolic (-26.0 and -22.5 mmHg) and diastolic (-8.1 and 16.2 mmHg) blood pressure, free fatty acid concentration (-13.8 and -8.0 μg/mL) and insulin-resistance (measured by TyG index, -0.207 and -0.18), compared to the negative control. A postprandial triglyceridemia test showed that the effects in the sub-chronic model are due, at least in part, to improvement in this parameter. L. octovalvis treatments, particularly the hydroalcoholic extract, improve MS alterations and decrease free fatty acid concentration. These effects are possibly due to high contents of corilagin and ellagic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Lourdes Morales-Ferra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Zavala-Sánchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Celeste Trejo-Moreno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Durango 34067, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Durango 34067, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
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14
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Nysather J, Kaya E, Manka P, Gudsoorkar P, Syn WK. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Cross Talk. ADVANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEALTH 2023; 30:315-335. [PMID: 37657879 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a multisystem condition with effects beyond the liver. The identification of chronic kidney disease as an independent mediator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or associated entity with shared cardiometabolic risk factors remains controversial and continues to draw scientific interest. With increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lack of Food and Drug Administration approved therapies, these shared cardiometabolic risk factors have drawn significant attention. In this article, we review shared pathophysiological mechanisms between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease along with current treatment strategies that might be useful for both disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Nysather
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney C.A.R.E. Program, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Eda Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Manka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Prakash Gudsoorkar
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney C.A.R.E. Program, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain.
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15
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Hartz J, Bucholz E, Phipatanakul W, de Ferranti S, Powell-Wiley T. The association of objectively measured sedentary time with asthma in US youth: A glimpse into the connection between obesity and asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1582-1591. [PMID: 36825385 PMCID: PMC10121908 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that asthma and obesity may share a common pathway, possibly through an increase in inflammation. Sedentary time is thought to promote both inflammation and obesity and previous studies have found a relationship between self-reported sedentary and asthma. However, the relationship between objectively measured sedentary time and asthma is not well described. We hypothesized that the association between asthma and sedentary time would not be present when physical activity was measured objectively, nor would objectively-measured sedentary time play an important role in the relationship between asthma and obesity. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is an association between asthma and objectively measured sedentary time in a large, nationally representative sample of the United States youth. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006, we assessed the relationship between asthma and sedentary time using objectively measured and self-reported measures of sedentary time, in 6-19 years-old subjects with available accelerometry data. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine associations between the risk of asthma and sedentary time controlling for accelerometer wear time, gender, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index percentile, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). RESULTS In this cohort, youth with asthma self-reported more time in sedentary behavior, specifically computer time, than those without asthma (p = 0.01). However, when sedentary time was measured objectively by accelerometry, sedentary time did not differ between youth with and without asthma (421 min [standard deviation 4.2] versus. 414 min [standard deviation 7.8] [p = 0.38]). Controlling for measures of activity, such as MVPA, or time spent in long versus short bouts of sedentary time did not modify our results. CONCLUSIONS Differences in sedentary time by self-report between those with and without asthma were not born out by examining sedentary time using objective measures. Further work is necessary to examine the complex interaction among inactivity, obesity, and asthma over time, specifically focusing on whether the type of sedentary activity (e.g., computer vs. television time) is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Emily Bucholz
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Division Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sarah de Ferranti
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tiffany Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Building 10-CRC 5-5332, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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16
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Couch CA, Fowler LA, Goss AM, Gower BA. Associations of renal sinus fat with blood pressure and ectopic fat in a diverse cohort of adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2023; 16:200165. [PMID: 36874041 PMCID: PMC9975207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2022.200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal sinus fat (RSF) is an ectopic fat depot shown to be associated with visceral adiposity and hypertension in predominantly white populations. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate RSF and associations between RSF and blood pressure in a cohort of African American (AA) and European American (EA) adults. A secondary purpose was to explore risk factors associated with RSF. Methods Participants were 116 A A and EA adult men and women. Ectopic fat depots were assessed with MRI: RSF, intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), perimuscular adipose tissue (PMAT), and liver fat. Cardiovascular measures included diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and flow mediated dilation. Matsuda index was calculated for insulin sensitivity. Pearson correlations were used to investigate associations of RSF with cardiovascular measures. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate contributions of RSF on SBP and DBP and to explore factors associated with RSF. Results No difference was observed in RSF between AA and EA participants. RSF was positively associated with DBP in AA participants, but this was not independent of age and sex. Age, male sex, and total body fat were positively associated with RSF in AA participants. Insulin sensitivity was inversely and IAAT and PMAT were positively associated with RSF in EA participants. Conclusions Differential associations of RSF with age, insulin sensitivity, and adipose depots among AA and EA adults suggest unique pathophysiological mechanisms influence RSF deposition, which may contribute to chronic disease etiology and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine A. Couch
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lauren A. Fowler
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy M. Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Yang W, Cai X, Hu J, Wen W, Mulalibieke H, Yao X, Yao L, Zhu Q, Hong J, Luo Q, Liu S, Li N. The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) Predicts Cardiovascular Disease and Its Subtypes in Patients with Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:177-189. [PMID: 36815173 PMCID: PMC9939804 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s395938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the METS-IR (metabolic score for insulin resistance) index for the prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes (coronary artery disease and stroke) in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 2031 adults with hypertension and OSA, participants from the Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension study (UROSAH). The hazard ratios and 95% CIs (credibility interval) for CVD and its subtypes were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results After a median follow-up of 6.80 years (interquartile range: 5.90-8.00 years), a total of 317 (15.61%) participants developed new-onset CVD, including 198 (9.75%) incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and 119 (5.86%) incident stroke. After adjusting for as many relevant confounding factors as possible, each SD increase in METS-IR was associated with a 30% increased risk of new onset overall CVD events, a 32% increased risk of new onset CHD, and a 27% increased risk of new onset stroke. When METS-IR was assessed as tertiles, after adjustment for fully confounding factors, the highest tertiles versus the lowest tertiles were associated with a greater hazard of CVD (HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.52,-2.77), CHD (HR 1.96; 95% CI 1.35-2.84), and stroke (HR 2.24; 95% CI 1.35-3.72). The results of various subgroups and sensitivity analyses were similar. When METS-IR was added, CVD predictions were reclassified and identified more accurately than baseline models for the C-index, continuous net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination index. CHD and stroke showed similar results. Conclusion METS-IR is a powerful predictor of CVD and its subtypes in patients with hypertension and OSA, which can facilitate the identification of high-risk individuals and provide individualized CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xintian Cai
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China,Graduate School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junli Hu
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Wen
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heizhati Mulalibieke
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Yao
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yao
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hong
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanfang Li
- Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Nanfang Li, Hypertension Center, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension Diseases, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, NO. 91 TianChi Road, Urumqi, 830001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 8564818, Email
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18
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Wang CJ, Noble PB, Elliot JG, James AL, Wang KCW. From Beneath the Skin to the Airway Wall: Understanding the Pathological Role of Adipose Tissue in Comorbid Asthma-Obesity. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4321-4353. [PMID: 36715283 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a contemporary report on the role of adipose tissue in respiratory dysfunction. Adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body, accumulating beneath the skin (subcutaneous), around organs (visceral), and importantly in the context of respiratory disease, has recently been shown to accumulate within the airway wall: "airway-associated adipose tissue." Excessive adipose tissue deposition compromises respiratory function and increases the severity of diseases such as asthma. The mechanisms of respiratory impairment are inflammatory, structural, and mechanical in nature, vary depending on the anatomical site of deposition and adipose tissue subtype, and likely contribute to different phenotypes of comorbid asthma-obesity. An understanding of adipose tissue-driven pathophysiology provides an opportunity for diagnostic advancement and patient-specific treatment. As an exemplar, the potential impact of airway-associated adipose tissue is highlighted, and how this may change the management of a patient with asthma who is also obese. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4321-4353, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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19
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Podzolkov VI, Bragina AE, Osadchiy KK, Rodionova JN, Bayutina DA. Pararenalfat Tissue: Rate of Pararenal Obesity and Relation with Anthropometric Indices of Obesity. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2022-09-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study a rate of excessive pararenal fat tissue (PRFT) thickness and its relationship with anthropometric obesity indices.Material and methods. 372 patients (152 men and 220 women) were included in the study, the average age was 63.5±13.3 years. There were measured: height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), WC/height ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), body fat percentage (BFP), body surface area (BSA), body adiposity index (BAI) and visceral obesity index (VAI). All subjects underwent abdominal multispiral computed tomography. PRFT thickness was detected on a single slice at the level of the left renal vein.Results. 27% of the examined group had BMI<25 kg/m2, 28% – excessive body mass, 45% – obesity. The median PRFT thickness was 1.61 (1.03; 2.46) cm. There were correlations between PRFT thickness and glucose (r=0,64, p<0,05) and uric acid (r=0,46, p<0,05) levels. The threshold of referential PRFT thickness was 1,91cm. The rate of pararenal obesity was 9,9% among those with normal body mass, 29,3% in excessive body mass, 66,1% – in 1 class obesity, 67,7% – in 2 class, and 90,1% – in 3 class. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the PRFT thickness and obesity indices with exception of VAI and BAI: with BMI (r=0.43, p<0.05), WC (r=0.57, p<0.05), SAD (r=0.58, p<0.05), BFP (r=0.48, p<0.05), WC/height ratio (r=0.46, p<0.05), and BSA (r=0.58, p<0.05).Conclusion. Excessive PRFT may be detected isolated without any external anthropometric signs of obesity, wherein it is an active component of metabolic disorders typical for obesity. The most significant indices for the detection of pararenal obesity may be WC, SAD, and BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. I. Podzolkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. E. Bragina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - K. K. Osadchiy
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - J. N. Rodionova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - D. A. Bayutina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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20
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Moriconi D, Nannipieri M, Dadson P, Rosada J, Tentolouris N, Rebelos E. The Beneficial Effects of Bariatric-Surgery-Induced Weight Loss on Renal Function. Metabolites 2022; 12:967. [PMID: 36295869 PMCID: PMC9608617 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to specific histopathological alterations, known as obesity-related glomerulopathy. Bariatric surgery is the most effective means of inducing and maintaining sustained weight loss. Furthermore, in the context of bariatric-surgery-induced weight loss, a reduction in the proinflammatory state and an improvement in the adipokine profile occur, which may also contribute to the improvement of renal function following bariatric surgery. However, the assessment of renal function in the context of obesity and following marked weight loss is difficult, since the formulas adopted to estimate glomerular function use biomarkers whose production is dependent on muscle mass (creatinine) or adipose tissue mass and inflammation (cystatin-c). Thus, following bariatric surgery, the extent to which reductions in plasma concentrations reflect the actual improvement in renal function is not clear. Despite this limitation, the available literature suggests that in patients with hyperfiltration at baseline, GFR is reduced following bariatric surgery, whereas GFR is increased in patients with decreased GFR at baseline. These findings are also confirmed in the few studies that have used measured rather than estimated GFR. Albuminuria is also decreased following bariatric surgery. Moreover, bariatric surgery seems superior in achieving the remission of albuminuria and early CKD than the best medical treatment. In this article, we discuss the pathophysiology of renal complications in obesity, review the mechanisms through which weight loss induces improvements in renal function, and provide an overview of the renal outcomes following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moriconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Javier Rosada
- Fourth Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Li G, Liang H, Hao Y, Huang Q, Shen X, Chen Y, Chen M, Xi J, Hao Z. Association between body fat distribution and kidney stones: Evidence from a US population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032323. [PMID: 36277687 PMCID: PMC9585195 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the proportion of Android to Gynoid ratio and the incidence of kidney stones among US adults. Methods Participants aged 20-59 years from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were selected to assess the association between Android to Gynoid ratio and kidney stone prevalence using logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis and calculation of dose-response curves. Results This study ultimately included 10858 participants, of whom 859 self-reported a history of kidney stones. And after adjusting for all confounders, an increased Android to Gynoid ratio was associated with an increased prevalence of kidney stones (OR=2.75, 95% CI:1.62-4.88). And subgroup analysis showed an increased prevalence of kidney stones in women (OR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.54-8.22), non-diabetic (OR=2.59, 95% CI: 1.45-4.60), 60 > age ≥ 40 years (OR=3.51, 95% CI: 1.83-6.71), Mexican-American (OR=4.35, 95% CI: 1.40- 13.53) and white (OR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.82-8.18) groups, there was a significant positive association between A/G ratio and kidney stones. In contrast, in the hypertensive subgroup, the A/G ratio was associated with kidney stones in all groups. Conclusions Higher Android to Gynoid ratio is associated with a high prevalence of kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hu Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunwu Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingfeng Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xudong Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junhua Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second people’s Hospital of Hefei (Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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22
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Li M, Chi X, Wang Y, Setrerrahmane S, Xie W, Xu H. Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:216. [PMID: 35794109 PMCID: PMC9259665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. Insulin resistance (IR) is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues. Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues. IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other abnormalities. Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR, we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity. Ultimately, the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Peptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaowei Chi
- Development Center for Medical Science & Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Peptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | - Wenwei Xie
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Peptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Peptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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23
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Moritz E, Dadson P, Saukko E, Honka MJ, Koskensalo K, Seppälä K, Pekkarinen L, Moriconi D, Helmiö M, Salminen P, Nuutila P, Rebelos E. Renal Sinus Fat Is Expanded in Patients with Obesity and/or Hypertension and Reduced by Bariatric Surgery Associated with Hypertension Remission. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070617. [PMID: 35888741 PMCID: PMC9320187 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal sinus fat is a fat depot at the renal hilum. Because of its location around the renal artery, vein, and lymphatic vessels, an expanded renal sinus fat mass may have hemodynamic and renal implications. We studied whether renal sinus fat area (RSF) associates with hypertension and whether following bariatric surgery a decrease in RSF associates with improvement of hypertension. A total of 74 severely obese and 46 lean controls were studied with whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 42 obese subjects were re-studied six months after bariatric surgery. RSF was assessed by two independent researchers using sliceOmatic. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated according to the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). Patients with obesity accumulated more RSF compared to lean controls (2.3 [1.7–3.1] vs. 1.8 [1.4–2.5] cm2, p = 0.03). Patients with hypertension (N = 36) had a larger RSF depot compared to normotensive subjects (2.6 [2.0–3.3] vs. 2.0 [1.4–2.5] cm2, p = 0.0007) also after accounting for body mass index (BMI). In the pooled data, RSF was negatively associated with eGFR (r = −0.20, p = 0.03), whereas there was no association with systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Following bariatric surgery, RSF was reduced (1.6 [1.3–2.3] vs. 2.3 [1.7–3.1] cm2, p = 0.03) along with other markers of adiposity. A total of 9/27 of patients achieved remission from hypertension. The remission was associated with a larger decrease in RSF, compared to patients who remained hypertensive (−0.68 [−0.74 to −0.44] vs. −0.28 [−0.59 to 0] cm2, p = 0.009). The accumulation of RSF seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in obesity. Following bariatric surgery, loss of RSF was associated with remission from hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Moritz
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (P.D.); (M.-J.H.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (P.D.); (M.-J.H.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Ekaterina Saukko
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Miikka-Juhani Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (P.D.); (M.-J.H.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (P.D.); (M.-J.H.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (P.N.)
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Laura Pekkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (P.D.); (M.-J.H.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (P.N.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Diego Moriconi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Mika Helmiö
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (M.H.); (P.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (M.H.); (P.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (P.D.); (M.-J.H.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (P.N.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.M.); (P.D.); (M.-J.H.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (P.N.)
- National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3488454140
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24
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Morales E, Cornejo-Pareja I, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-García JC. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: Current approaches and future perspectives. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13450. [PMID: 35362662 PMCID: PMC9286698 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a silent comorbidity which is increasing in incidence as the obesity epidemic escalates. ORG is associated with serious health consequences including chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and increased mortality. Although the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of ORG are not fully understood, glomerular hemodynamic changes, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivation, insulin-resistance, inflammation and ectopic lipid accumulation seem to play a major role. Despite albuminuria being commonly used for the non-invasive evaluation of ORG, promising biomarkers of early kidney injury that are emerging, as well as new approaches with proteomics and metabolomics, might permit an earlier diagnosis of this disease. In addition, the assessment of ectopic kidney fat by renal imaging could be a useful tool to detect and evaluate the progression of ORG. Weight loss interventions appear to be effective in ORG, although large-scale trials are needed. RAAS blockade has a renoprotective effect in patients with ORG, but even so, a significant proportion of patients with ORG will eventually progress to ESRD despite therapeutic efforts. It is noteworthy that certain antidiabetic agents such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) could be useful in the treatment of ORG through different pleiotropic effects. In this article, we review current approaches and future perspectives in the care and treatment of ORG.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Morales
- Department of Nephrology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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25
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Demiray A, Sag AA, Covic A, Ortiz A, Tuttle KR. Fatty kidney: A possible future for chronic kidney disease research. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13748. [PMID: 35040119 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a growing twenty-first century pandemic associated with multiple clinical comorbidities ranging from cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome to kidney dysfunction. A novel area of research investigates the concept of fatty kidney in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. AIM To review the most updated literature on fatty kidney and provide future research, diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives on a disease increasingly affecting the contemporary world. MATERIALS AND METHOD We performed an extensive literature search through three databases including Embase (Elsevier) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) and PubMed/Medline Web of Science in November 2021 by using the following terms and their combinations: 'fatty kidney', 'ectopic fat', 'chronic kidney disease', 'cardiovascular event', 'cardio-metabolic risk', 'albuminuria' and 'metabolic syndrome'. Each study has been individually assessed by the authors. RESULTS Oxidative stress and inflammation, Klotho deficiency, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of cellular energy balance appear to be the main pathophysiological mechanisms leading to tissue damage following fat accumulation. Despite the lack of large-scale comprehensive studies in this novel field of research, current clinical trials demonstrate fatty kidney as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION The requirement for future studies investigating the pathophysiology, clinical outcomes and therapeutics of fatty kidney is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan A Sag
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathherine R Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, USA
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26
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Bragina АЕ, Osadchiy KK, Rodionova JN, Bayutina DА, Cherepanov АG, Podzolkov VI. Pararenal Fat and Renal Dysfunction in Patients without Significant Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:416-422. [PMID: 35545016 DOI: 10.1159/000522311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulation of fat tissue around the kidneys is considered to be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of the study was to investigate the association of pararenal fat tissue (PRFT) and renal dysfunction in patients without clinically significant cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS The study included 320 patients without CVDs (mean age 63.8 ± 13.9 years). All patients underwent anthropometric measurements, standard biochemical blood tests, including a lipid panel and uric acid concentration. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI formula. All patients underwent computed tomography of the abdomen with measurement of the PRFT thickness. The research results were processed using StatSoftStatistica 10.0 software. RESULTS The average PRFT thickness was 1.45 cm [0.9; 2.0]. It was significantly higher in obese individuals when compared with patients with normal body weight (1.9 cm [1.3; 2.6] vs. 1.0 cm [0.6; 1.7]) and overweight people (1.9 cm [1.3; 2.6] vs. 1.1 cm [0.8; 1.6]) (p < 0.001). GFR was significantly higher in subjects with normal body weight when compared with obese patients (72 mL/min/1.73 m2 [59; 83] vs. 61 mL/min/1.73 m2 [51; 70]) and overweight patients (72 mL/min/1.73 m2 [59; 83] vs. 61 mL/min/1.73 m2 [54; 72]) (p < 0.001). PRFT thickness was significantly higher in patients with stage 3 CKD when compared with those with stage 1 CKD (2.2 cm [1.6; 3.3] vs. 0.9 cm [0.9; 1.0]) and with stage 2 CKD (2.2 cm [1.6; 3.3] vs. 1.3 cm [0.9; 1.8]) (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between PRFT thickness and body mass index (r = 0.49, p < 0.05), waist circumference (r = 0.55, p < 0.05), GFR (r = -0.47, p < 0.05), and uric acid level (r = 0.46, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between GFR and age (β ± SE -0.43 ± 0.15, p = 0.01), PRFT thickness (β ± SE -0.38 ± 0.14, p = 0.01) and with the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β ± SE -0.32 ± 0.12, p = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of renal dysfunction development was associated with PRFT thickness (OR = 6.198; 95% CI: 1.958-19.617; p < 0.05). ROC analysis determined the threshold values of PRFT thickness (>1.68 cm, AUC = 0.875), above which the development of renal dysfunction can be predicted (sensitivity 63.2%, specificity 93.4%). CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate the relationship between PRFT and visceral obesity and renal dysfunction in patients without clinically significant CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Аnna Е Bragina
- Department of Faculty Therapy #2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin K Osadchiy
- Department of Faculty Therapy #2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Julia N Rodionova
- Department of Faculty Therapy #2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Darya А Bayutina
- Department of Faculty Therapy #2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Аlexander G Cherepanov
- Department of Faculty Therapy #2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery I Podzolkov
- Department of Faculty Therapy #2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Changes in Kidney Fat upon Dietary-Induced Weight Loss. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071437. [PMID: 35406052 PMCID: PMC9002806 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the metabolic role of kidney fat remains unclear, we investigated the effects of dietary weight loss on kidney fat content (KFC) and its connection to kidney function and metabolism. Overweight or obese participants (n = 137) of a dietary intervention trial were classified into quartiles of weight loss in a post hoc manner. Kidney sinus (KSF) and cortex fat (KCF) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, week 12 and week 50. Weight loss effects on KFC were evaluated by linear mixed models. Repeated measures correlations between KFC, other body fat measures and metabolic biomarkers were obtained. KSF, but not KCF, decreased significantly across weight loss quartiles at week 12 (quartile 4: -21.3%; p = 0.02) and 50 (-22.0%, p = 0.001), which remained significant after adjusting for VAT. There were smaller improvements regarding creatinine (-2.5%, p = 0.02) at week 12, but not week 50. KSF, but not KCF, correlated with visceral (rrm = 0.38) and subcutaneous fat volumes (rrm = 0.31) and liver fat content (rrm = 0.32), as well as diastolic blood pressure and biomarkers of lipid, glucose and liver metabolism. Dietary weight loss is associated with decreases in KSF, but not KCF, which suggests that KSF may be the metabolically relevant ectopic fat depot of the kidney. KSF may be targeted for obesity-related disease prevention.
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Lebrun LJ, Moreira S, Tavernier A, Niot I. Postprandial consequences of lipid absorption in the onset of obesity: Role of intestinal CD36. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of Green Apple (Golden Delicious) and Its Three Major Flavonols Consumption on Obesity, Lipids, and Oxidative Stress in Obese Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041243. [PMID: 35209038 PMCID: PMC8877779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming increasingly common all over the world and global strategies are accordingly being developed to prevent it. In order to support the strategies, the effects of green apple (Golden Delicious) and the consumption of its three major flavonols (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-D-galactoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) on body weight; the weight of liver, kidney, and spleen; some lipid parameters in serum; and total lipid ratios of liver and kidney and oxidative stress parameters of obese rats were studied. This study was conducted on two experimental groups: one of which was given an apple, and the other was given flavonols, in addition to their high-energy diet; along with a sham and a control rat group, for 4 weeks. According to results, there was no difference in body and organ weights between groups. The liver and kidney weights increased in obese rats, but there was no difference between the total lipid ratios in these organs. The addition of green apple and selected flavonols to the high-energy diet of rats was not sufficient to prevent the increase in body and organ weights, but it supported the reduction in some lipid fractions and in oxidative stress parameters of obese rats. Moreover, this study supported the argument that obesity causes most of the lipid fractions increase in serum and induces oxidative stress.
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First genome-wide association study investigating blood pressure and renal traits in domestic cats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1899. [PMID: 35115544 PMCID: PMC8813908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common in ageing cats. In humans, blood pressure (BP) and renal function are complex heritable traits. We performed the first feline genome-wide association study (GWAS) of quantitative traits systolic BP and creatinine and binary outcomes HTN and CKD, testing 1022 domestic cats with a discovery, replication and meta-analysis design. No variants reached experimental significance level in the discovery stage for any phenotype. Follow up of the top 9 variants for creatinine and 5 for systolic BP, one SNP reached experimental-wide significance for association with creatinine in the combined meta-analysis (chrD1.10258177; P = 1.34 × 10–6). Exploratory genetic risk score (GRS) analyses were performed. Within the discovery sample, GRS of top SNPs from the BP and creatinine GWAS show strong association with HTN and CKD but did not validate in independent replication samples. A GRS including SNPs corresponding to human CKD genes was not significant in an independent subset of cats. Gene-set enrichment and pathway-based analysis (GSEA) was performed for both quantitative phenotypes, with 30 enriched pathways with creatinine. Our results support the utility of GWASs and GSEA for genetic discovery of complex traits in cats, with the caveat of our findings requiring validation.
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Zhang J, Yan E, Zhang L, Wang T, Wang C. Curcumin reduces oxidative stress and fat deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle of intrauterine growth-retarded finishing pigs. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13741. [PMID: 35707899 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary curcumin possessing multiple biological activities may be an effective way to alleviate oxidative damage and fat deposition in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) finishing pigs. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary curcumin on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and fat deposition of longissimus dorsi muscle in IUGR finishing pigs. Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) and 24 IUGR female piglets at 26 days of age were divided into 3 dietary groups: NBW (basal diet), IUGR (basal diet), and IUGR + Cur (basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg curcumin). The trial lasted for 169 days. Results showed that IUGR increased concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC) and fat deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle. However, curcumin decreased the intramuscular fat content and the levels of MDA and PC and improved meat quality in IUGR pigs. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited the decrease of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression and decreased peroxisome pro liferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) expression in IUGR pigs. These findings suggested that dietary addition of 200 mg/kg curcumin could improve meat quality, alleviate oxidative stress through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, and reduce fat deposition via inhibiting PPARγ expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of IUGR finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enfa Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Tastemur S, Senel S, Olcucuoglu E, Uzun E. Evaluation of the Relationship between Perirenal Fat Volume and Nephrolithiasis. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 18:398-403. [PMID: 34847847 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666211130154127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between perirenal fat volume, which is one of the visceral fat measurements, and kidney stones. METHOD 169 patients admitted to our clinic between January 2018 and May 2021 were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups as Control Group and Unilateral Kidney Stone Group (88 patients with unilateral kidney stones). Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scans were used to measure perirenal fat volume and the results were transferred to workstations. The total perirenal fat volumes in the bilateral kidneys of patients were compared between the two groups. The perirenal fat volume in stone-bearing and non-stone bearing kidneys of patients were also compared. RESULTS The total perirenal fat volume was higher in the Unilateral Kidney Stone Group than in the other groups and the perirenal fat volume of the patients in this group was higher in the stone bearing kidney (295.6±164.4cm3) than in the non-stone bearing kidney (273.1±179.6cm3). In the ROC analysis, it was concluded that total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 increased the risk of kidney stones. Presence of hypertension, presence of hyperlipidemia and total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of kidney stones. CONCLUSION Perirenal fat volume is higher in stone bearing kidneys compared to non-stone bearing kidneys. Therefore, stone formation in a kidney is directly related to the perirenal fat volume of that kidney. Also, total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 increases the risk of kidney stones independently of body mass index, and predicts it better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Tastemur
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Samet Senel
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Esin Olcucuoglu
- Department of Radiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Emre Uzun
- Department of Urology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara. Turkey
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Lin L, Dekkers IA, Huang L, Tao Q, Paiman EHM, Bizino MB, Jazet IM, Lamb HJ. Renal sinus fat volume in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with glycated hemoglobin and metabolic risk factors. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107973. [PMID: 34217586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to compare renal sinus fat volume assessed by MRI between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy volunteers, and investigate the association between renal sinus fat and metabolic traits. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, renal sinus fat and parenchyma volumes measured on abdominal MRI were compared between patients and controls using analysis of covariance. Associations of renal parameters with clinical characteristics were analyzed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 146 participants were enrolled, consisting of 95 type 2 diabetes patients (57.2±8.8years, 49.5% male) and 51 controls (54.0±9.2years, 43.1% male). Patients with diabetes demonstrated larger sinus fat volumes (15.4±7.5cm3 vs. 10.3±7.1cm3, p<0.001) and sinus fat-parenchyma ratio than controls. In the total population, renal sinus fat was positively associated with HbA1c, abdominal VAT, cholesterol and triglycerides, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity and type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes patients, increased sinus fat volume was significantly associated with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION Renal sinus fat volume is positively associated with several metabolic risk factors including HbA1c level and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in type 2 diabetes patients, indicating a potential role of renal sinus fat in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Future studies are needed to investigate whether sinus fat volume can serve as an early biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ilona A Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H M Paiman
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice B Bizino
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Mestres-Arenas A, Villarroya J, Giralt M, Villarroya F, Peyrou M. A Differential Pattern of Batokine Expression in Perivascular Adipose Tissue Depots From Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:714530. [PMID: 34421656 PMCID: PMC8373243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.714530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on its anatomical placement, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been found to possess features more (e.g., aortic thoracic) or less (e.g., aortic abdominal) similar to brown/beige adipose tissue in mice, whereas PVAT surrounding the mesenteric arteries and the caudal part of abdominal aorta is similar to white fat. PVAT is thought to influence vascular function through the effects of adipose-secreted molecules on vessels. Brown adipose tissue was recently shown to play differential secretory role via secretion of the so-called batokines but the involvement of differential batokine production in PVAT brown/beige plasticity was unclear. The current study characterizes for the first time the expression of batokines at aortic thoracic PVAT (tPVAT) and aortic abdominal PVAT (aPVAT) in comparison with typical brown and white adipose depots, in basal and thermogenically activated conditions. We found that both PVAT depots increased their expression of genes encoding the batokines bone morphogenetic protein-8b (BMP8B), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), and kininogen-2 (KNG2) in response to cold, indicating that, under cold-induced thermogenic activation, both thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta would experience intense local exposure to these PVAT-secreted batokines. In contrast, the gene expression levels of growth/differentiation factor-15 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A were induced only in tPVAT. Under short-term high-fat diet-induced thermogenic activation, the thoracic aorta would be specifically exposed to a local increase in PVAT-originating BMP8B, FGF21, and KNG2. Our data support the notion that acquisition of a brown/beige phenotype in PVAT is associated with upregulation of batokines, mainly BMP8B, FGF21, and KNG2, that can differentially target the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mestres-Arenas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición", Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición", Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición", Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición", Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Okuma H, Mori K, Nakamura S, Sekine T, Ogawa Y, Tsuchiya K. Ipragliflozin Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy Associated with Perirenal Adipose Expansion in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147329. [PMID: 34298949 PMCID: PMC8304702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We determined whether changes in perirenal fat (PRAT) by a SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin (Ipra) contribute to the suppression of DN development. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as a DN model and were treated with or without Ipra for 6 weeks. Ipra treatment reduced urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and glomerular hypertrophy in HFD-fed mice. In the PRAT of Ipra-treated mice, adipocyte size was increased, and inflammation, fibrosis, and adipocyte death were suppressed. In conditioned medium made from PRAT (PRAT-CM) of Ipra-treated mice, the concentration of leptin was significantly lower than PRAT-CM of mice without Ipra treatment. Serum leptin concentration in renal vein positively correlated with UAE. PRAT-CM from HFD-fed mice showed greater cell proliferation signaling in mouse glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) than PRAT-CM from standard diet-fed mice via p38MAPK and leptin-dependent pathways, whose effects were significantly attenuated in PRAT-CM from Ipra-treated mice. These findings suggest that Ipra-induced PRAT expansion may play an important role in the improvement of DN in HFD-fed mice. In vitro experiments suggest that reduced PRAT-derived leptin by Ipra could inhibit GECs proliferation, possibly contributing to the suppression of DN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okuma
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (H.O.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (H.O.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Suguru Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (H.O.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Tetsuo Sekine
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 4093898, Japan; (H.O.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan;
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo 4093898, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-55-273-9602
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Oxidative Stress and Vascular Damage in the Context of Obesity: The Hidden Guest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030406. [PMID: 33800427 PMCID: PMC7999611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system plays a central role in the transport of cells, oxygen and nutrients between different regions of the body, depending on the needs, as well as of metabolic waste products for their elimination. While the structure of different components of the vascular system varies, these structures, especially those of main arteries and arterioles, can be affected by the presence of different cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity. This vascular remodeling is mainly characterized by a thickening of the media layer as a consequence of changes in smooth muscle cells or excessive fibrosis accumulation. These vascular changes associated with obesity can trigger functional alterations, with endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness being especially common features of obese vessels. These changes can also lead to impaired tissue perfusion that may affect multiple tissues and organs. In this review, we focus on the role played by perivascular adipose tissue, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the vascular dysfunction associated with obesity. In addition, the participation of oxidative stress in this vascular damage, which can be produced in the perivascular adipose tissue as well as in other components of the vascular wall, is updated.
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Wang SS, Gu Q, Liu N, Li J, Liu X. Aerobic exercise attenuates ectopic renal sinus adipose tissue accumulation-related renal hypoxia injury in obese mice. Life Sci 2021; 279:119106. [PMID: 33497740 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We explored the effect of aerobic exercise on renal sinus adipose (RSA) accumulation and RSA accumulation-related renal injury in obese mice. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J male mice (n = 30) were evenly divided into three groups: control group (CON, n = 10), obese group (OB, n = 10; given high-fat diet) and obese + aerobic exercise group (OB + E, n = 10; given HFD and 8 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training). The body weight and kidney weight were measured after sacrificing. Morphological alterations of adipose and renal tissues were measured on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained slides. The macrophages surface markers (F4/80, CD68, CD206, CD163), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were examined by immunohistochemistry assay. Inflammation-related factors (FGF-21, KIM-1, IL-6) were analyzed via serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS We found that aerobic exercise significantly reduced body weight, kidney weight, serum FGF-21 and KIM-1 levels, and ameliorated glomerular hypertrophy and RSA size accumulation in OB + E group compared with OB group. Furthermore, HIF-1α in the RSA and renal tissues was significantly increased in the OB group (P < 0.05), but exercise effectively reduced the expression of HIF-1α and ameliorated renal inflammation by reducing MCP-1 and CD68 expression (both P < 0.05), improving the conversion from M1 (CD68) to M2 (CD206, CD163) macrophages (P < 0.05), and finally alleviating the level of IL-6 (P < 0.01). SIGNIFICANCE Aerobic exercise could reduce RSA accumulation-related adipose hypoxia and macrophage infiltration, and subsequently attenuate the progress of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyun Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Rifampicin impairs adipogenesis by suppressing NRF2-ARE activity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115393. [PMID: 33412187 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged treatment with rifampicin (RFP), a first-line antibacterial agent used in the treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis, may cause various side effects, including metabolic disorders. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2, also known as NRF2) plays an essential regulatory role in cellular adaptive responses to stresses via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Our previous studies discovered that NRF2 regulates the expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (Cebpb) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) in the process of adipogenesis. Here, we found that prolonged RFP treatment in adult male mice fed a high-fat diet developed insulin resistance, but reduced fat accumulation and decreased expression of multiple adipogenic genes in white adipose tissues. In 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes, RFP reduced the induction of Cebpb, Pparg and Cebpa at mRNA and protein levels in the early and/or later stage of hormonal cocktail-induced adipogenesis. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that RFP inhibits NRF2-ARE luciferase reporter activity and expression of NRF2 downstream genes under normal culture condition and in the early stage of adipogenesis in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes, suggesting that RFP can disturb adipogenic differentiation via NRF2-ARE interference. Taken together, we demonstrate a potential mechanism that RFP impairs adipose function by which RFP likely inhibits NRF2-ARE pathway and thereby interrupts its downstream adipogenic transcription network.
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39
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Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Al-Dhaheri Y, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Perirenal Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Novel Insights Linking Metabolic Dysfunction to Renal Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:707126. [PMID: 34408726 PMCID: PMC8366229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.707126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy adipose tissue (AT) is indispensable to human wellbeing. Among other roles, it contributes to energy homeostasis and provides insulation for internal organs. Adipocytes were previously thought to be a passive store of excess calories, however this view evolved to include an endocrine role. Adipose tissue was shown to synthesize and secrete adipokines that are pertinent to glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as inflammation. Importantly, the obesity-induced adipose tissue expansion stimulates a plethora of signals capable of triggering an inflammatory response. These inflammatory manifestations of obese AT have been linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, and proposed to evoke obesity-induced comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolic disorders, characterized by AT inflammation and accumulation around organs may eventually induce organ dysfunction through a direct local mechanism. Interestingly, perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), surrounding the kidney, influences renal function and metabolism. In this regard, PRAT emerged as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is even correlated with CVD. Here, we review the available evidence on the impact of PRAT alteration in different metabolic states on the renal and cardiovascular function. We present a broad overview of novel insights linking cardiovascular derangements and CKD with a focus on metabolic disorders affecting PRAT. We also argue that the confluence among these pathways may open several perspectives for future pharmacological therapies against CKD and CVD possibly by modulating PRAT immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H. Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Departmment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yusra Al-Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed F. El-Yazbi,
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40
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Ren Y, Song S, Liu X, Yang M. Phenotypic changes in the metabolic profile and adiponectin activity during seasonal fattening and hibernation in female Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Integr Zool 2020; 17:297-310. [PMID: 33190391 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal hibernation has provided an opportunity to study animals' phenotypic plasticity in adaptation to changing environment. In the present study focusing on the female Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus)-a well demonstrated seasonal hibernator-we examined their behavioral, morphological, and metabolic changes during fattening, hibernation, and emergence. Our data indicated high levels of food intake, fat deposition, and body mass increases during fattening compared to hibernation. The levels of serum glucose and triglycerides were also higher during fattening than during hibernation and emergence. Interestingly, although squirrels showed signs of obesity and elevated triglycerides in serum during fattening, triglyceride levels in the liver and skeletal muscles remained unchanged. Our data also indicated that adiponectin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were different between fattening and hibernation. Levels of adiponectin receptor 1 in the skeletal muscle remained low during fattening but peaked in late hibernation. In contrast, adiponectin receptor 2 in the liver showed a steady increase during fattening, which was followed by a significant decrease at early hibernation. Our data indicate that adiponectin may play an important role in preventing heterotopic fat accumulation in a receptor- and organ-specific manner, as well as in facilitating the switch from glucose metabolism to lipid metabolism during fattening and hibernation in female Daurian ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyi Song
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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41
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Perrone MA, Babu Dasari J, Intorcia A, Gualtieri P, Marche M, Di Luozzo M, Merra G, Bernardini S, Romeo F, Sergi D. Phenotypic classification and biochemical profile of obesity for cardiovascular prevention. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Unique Genetic and Histological Signatures of Mouse Pericardial Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061855. [PMID: 32580292 PMCID: PMC7353424 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for a plethora of metabolic disturbances including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence is showing that there is an adipose tissue depot-dependent relationship with obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. While some adipose depots, such as subcutaneous fat, are generally metabolically innocuous, others such as visceral fat, are directly deleterious. A lesser known visceral adipose depot is the pericardial adipose tissue depot. We therefore set out to examine its transcriptional and morphological signature under chow and high-fat fed conditions, in comparison with other adipose depots, using a mouse model. Our results revealed that under chow conditions pericardial adipose tissue has uncoupling-protein 1 gene expression levels which are significantly higher than classical subcutaneous and visceral adipose depots. We also observed that under high-fat diet conditions, the pericardial adipose depot exhibits greatly upregulated transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines. Our results collectively indicate, for the first time, that the pericardial adipose tissue possesses a unique transcriptional and histological signature which has features of both a beige (brown fat-like) but also pro-inflammatory depot, such as visceral fat. This unique profile may be involved in metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity.
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Milasan A, Farhat M, Martel C. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Prognostic Markers of Lymphatic Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:476. [PMID: 32523544 PMCID: PMC7261898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts made to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), more than half of cardiovascular events still occur in asymptomatic subjects devoid of traditional risk factors. These observations underscore the need for the identification of new biomarkers for the prevention of atherosclerosis, the main underlying cause of CVD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lymphatic vessel function are emerging targets in this context. EVs are small vesicles released by cells upon activation or death that are present in several biological tissues and fluids, including blood and lymph. They interact with surrounding cells to transfer their cargo, and the complexity of their biological content makes these EVs potential key players in several chronic inflammatory settings. Many studies focused on the interaction of EVs with the most well-known players of atherosclerosis such as the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells and monocytes. However, the fate of EVs within the lymphatic network, a crucial route in the mobilization of cholesterol out the artery wall, is not known. In this review, we aim to bring forward evidence that EVs could be at the interplay between lymphatic function and atherosclerosis by summarizing the recent findings on the characterization of EVs in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maya Farhat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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44
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Huang N, Mao EW, Hou NN, Liu YP, Han F, Sun XD. Novel insight into perirenal adipose tissue: A neglected adipose depot linking cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:115-125. [PMID: 32313610 PMCID: PMC7156295 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i4.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adverse metabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These obesity-related diseases are highly associated with excess fat accumulation in adipose tissue. However, emerging evidence indicates that visceral adiposity associates more with metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Perirenal adipose tissue, surrounding the kidney, is originally thought to provides only mechanical support for kidney. However, more studies demonstrated perirenal adipose tissue have a closer association with renal disease than other visceral fat deposits in obesity. Additionally, perirenal adipose tissue is also an independent risk factor for CKD and even associated more with CVD. Thus, perirenal adipose tissue may be a connection of CVD with CKD. Here, we will provide an overview of the perirenal adipose tissue, a neglected visceral adipose tissue, and the roles of perirenal adipose tissue linking with CVD and CKD and highlight the perirenal adipose tissue as a potential strategy for future therapeutics against obesity-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - En-Wen Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning-Ning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Ping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
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45
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ren Y, Lu R, Yang L, Nie G. Tracing the evolution of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) in organisms with a heterogeneous fat distribution. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:861-872. [PMID: 32170849 PMCID: PMC7193176 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fat among both invertebrate and vertebrate groups is heterogeneous. Studies have shown that fatty acid‐binding proteins (FABPs), which mainly bind and transport fatty acids, play important roles in the regulation of fat storage and distribution. However, the systematic and genome‐wide investigation of FABP genes in organisms with a heterogeneous fat distribution remains in its infancy. The availability of the complete genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans, Callorhinchus milii, and other organisms with a heterogeneous fat distribution allowed us to systematically investigate the gene structure and phylogeny of FABP genes across a wide range of phyla. In this study, we analyzed the number, structure, chromosomal location, and phylogeny of FABP genes in 18 organisms from C. elegans to Homo sapiens. A total of 12 types of FABP genes were identified in the 18 species, and no single organism exhibited all 12 fatty acid‐binding genes (FABPs). The absence of a specific FABP gene in tissue may be related to the absence of fat storage in the corresponding tissue. The genomic loci of the FABP genes were diverse, and their gene structures varied. The results of the phylogenetic analysis and the observation of conserved gene synthesis of FABP family genes/proteins suggest that all FABP genes may have evolved from a common ancestor through tandem duplication. This study not only lays a strong theoretical foundation for the study of fat deposition in different organisms, but also provides a new perspective regarding metabolic disease prevention and control and the improvement of agricultural product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanhua Ren
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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46
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Banerjee A, Das D, Paul R, Roy S, Bhattacharjee A, Prasad SK, Banerjee O, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Altered composition of high-lipid diet may generate reactive oxygen species by disturbing the balance of antioxidant and free radicals. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0141/jbcpp-2019-0141.xml. [PMID: 32229664 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background In the present era, obesity is increasing rapidly, and high dietary intake of lipid could be a noteworthy risk factor for the occasion of obesity, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For a long time, high-lipid diet (HLD) in "fast food" is turning into part of our everyday life. So, we were interested in fulfilling the paucity of studies by means of preliminary evaluation of these three alternative doses of HLD on a rat model and elucidating the possible mechanism of these effects and divulging the most alarming dose. Methods Thirty-two rats were taken, and of these, 24 were fed with HLD in three distinctive compositions of edible coconut oil and vanaspati ghee in a ratio of 2:3, 3:2 and 1:1 (n = 8), orally through gavage at a dose of 10 mL/kg body weight for a period of 28 days, whereas the other eight were selected to comprise the control group. Results After completion of the experiment, followed by analysis of data it was revealed that hyperlipidemia with increased liver and cardiac marker enzymes, are associated with hepatocellular injury and cardiac damage. The data also supported increased proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). As oxidative stress parameter increased in both liver and heart, there is also an increased in TNF-α due to an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which led to a high production of NO. Moreover, HLD treatment explicitly weakens reasonability of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes conceivably through G0/G1 or S stage capture or perhaps by means of enlistment of sub-G0/G1 DNA fragmentation and a sign of apoptosis. Conclusions Based on the outcomes, it tends to be inferred that consequences of the present examination uncovered HLD in combination of 2:3 applies most encouraging systemic damage by reactive oxygen species generation and hyperlipidemia and necroapoptosis of the liver and heart. Hence, outcome of this study may help to formulate health care strategy and warns about the food habit in universal population regarding the use of hydrogenated and saturated fats (vanaspati ghee) in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasmita Das
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajarshi Paul
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandipan Roy
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Shilpi Kumari Prasad
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India, Phone: +91-9433509890
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47
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Boldt K, MacDonald G, Joumaa V, Herzog W. Mechanical adaptations of skinned cardiac muscle in response to dietary-induced obesity during adolescence in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:893-901. [PMID: 32134688 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major risk factor for heart disease during adulthood, independent of adulthood behaviours. Therefore, it seems that childhood obesity leads to partly irreversible decrements in cardiac function. Little is known about how obesity during maturation affects the mechanical properties of the heart. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contractile properties in developing hearts from animals with dietary-induced obesity (high-fat high-sucrose diet). We hypothesized that obesity induced during adolescence results in decrements in cardiac contractile function. Three-week-old rats (n = 16) were randomized into control (chow) or dietary-induced obesity (high-fat high-sucrose diet) groups. Following 14 weeks on the diet, skinned cardiac trabeculae fibre bundle testing was performed to evaluate active and passive force, maximum shortening velocity, and calcium sensitivity. Rats in the high-fat high-sucrose diet group had significantly larger body mass and total body fat percentage. There were no differences in maximal active or passive properties of hearts between groups. Hearts from the high-fat high-sucrose diet rats had significantly slower maximum shortening velocities and lower calcium sensitivity than controls. Decreased shortening velocity and calcium sensitivity in hearts of obese animals may constitute increased risk of cardiac disease in adulthood. Novelty Cardiac muscle from animals exposed to an obesogenic diet during development had lower shortening velocity and calcium sensitivity than those from animals fed a chow diet. These alterations in mechanical function may be a mechanism for the increased risk of cardiac disease observed in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Boldt
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Graham MacDonald
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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48
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Lin P, Min Z, Wei G, Lei H, Feifei Z, Yunfei Z. Volumetric evaluation of renal sinus adipose tissue on computed tomography images in bilateral nephrolithiasis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1027-1034. [PMID: 32006179 PMCID: PMC7270052 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To compare renal sinus fat volume (RSFV) separately within the right and left kidneys between bilateral nephrolithiasis patients and healthy controls. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed patients who underwent unenhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) divided into nephrolithiasis (n = 102) and healthy control (n = 130) groups. Age, sex, blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body weight, and height of each participant were extracted. Volumetric renal sinus adipose tissue was measured separately for both kidneys on CT images. Urea, serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid (UA), total serum cholesterol (TCH), serum triglyceride (TG), and serum high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL, respectively) cholesterol levels were obtained. Results Overall, 232 participants (mean age 47 years, 50% women) were enrolled. There were no differences in sex, DBP, urea, and LDL-cholesterol between the two groups (all p > 0.05). However, nephrolithiasis patients had higher age, BMI, SBP, and RSFV; higher Scr, UA, TCH, and TG serum levels; and lower HDL-cholesterol level and eGFR. Average left RSFV was significantly higher than right RSFV in healthy controls (4.56 ± 2.29 versus 3.34 ± 1.90 cm3, p < 0.001). A significant relationship between bilateral RSFV, age, BMI, SBP, and eGFR was noted in bilateral nephrolithiasis patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed age, BMI, and LDL-cholesterol to be independent predictors of left RSFV, and only BMI was an independent predictor of right RSFV. Conclusions Our data showed renal sinus adipose tissue accumulation and the relationship among RSFV, age, BMI, and LDL-cholesterol in bilateral nephrolithiasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zeng Min
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Gong Wei
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hu Lei
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zeng Feifei
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zha Yunfei
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Martin WP, White J, López-Hernández FJ, Docherty NG, le Roux CW. Metabolic Surgery to Treat Obesity in Diabetic Kidney Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and End-Stage Kidney Disease; What Are the Unanswered Questions? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:289. [PMID: 33013677 PMCID: PMC7462008 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major factor in contemporary clinical practice in nephrology. Obesity accelerates the progression of both diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease and, in renal transplantation, both recipient and donor obesity increase the risk of allograft complications. Obesity is thus a major driver of renal disease progression and a barrier to deceased and living donor kidney transplantation. Large observational studies have highlighted that metabolic surgery reduces the incidence of albuminuria, slows chronic kidney disease progression, and reduces the incidence of end-stage kidney disease over extended follow-up in people with and without type 2 diabetes. The surgical treatment of obesity and its metabolic sequelae has therefore the potential to improve management of diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease and aid in the slowing of renal decline toward end-stage kidney disease. In the context of patients with end-stage kidney disease, although complications of metabolic surgery are higher, absolute event rates are low and it remains a safe intervention in this population. Pre-transplant metabolic surgery increases access to kidney transplantation in people with obesity and end-stage kidney disease. Metabolic surgery also improves management of metabolic complications post-kidney transplantation, including new-onset diabetes. Procedure selection may be critical to mitigate the risks of oxalate nephropathy and disruption to immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics. Metabolic surgery may also have a role in the treatment of donor obesity, which could increase the living kidney donor pool with potential downstream impact on kidney paired exchange programmes. The present paper provides a comprehensive coverage of the literature concerning renal outcomes in clinical studies of metabolic surgery and integrates findings from relevant mechanistic pre-clinical studies. In so doing the key unanswered questions for the field are brought to the fore for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Martin
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: William P. Martin
| | - James White
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francisco J. López-Hernández
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IECSCYL-IBSAL), Hospital Virgen Vega, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Neil G. Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Investigative Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Lymphatic vessels in human adipose tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:511-520. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite being considered present in most vascularised tissues, lymphatic vessels have not been properly shown in human adipose tissue (AT). Our goal in this study is to investigate an unanswered question in AT biology, regarding lymphatic network presence in tissue parenchyma. Using human subcutaneous (S-) and visceral (V-) AT samples with whole mount staining for lymphatic specific markers and three-dimensional imaging, we showed lymphatic capillaries and larger lymphatic vessels in the human VAT. Conversely, in the human SAT, microcirculatory lymphatic vascular structures were rarely detected and no initial lymphatics were found.
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