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Beane CR, Lewis DG, Bruns Vi N, Pikus KL, Durfee MH, Zegarelli RA, Perry TW, Sandoval O, Radke AK. Cholinergic mu-opioid receptor deletion alters reward preference and aversion-resistance. Neuropharmacology 2024; 255:110019. [PMID: 38810926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in alcohol consumption and preference in both humans and animals. The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is expressed on multiple cells in the striatum, however little is known about the contributions of specific MOR populations to alcohol drinking behaviors. The current study used mice with a genetic deletion of MOR in cholinergic cells (ChAT-Cre/Oprm1fl/fl) to examine the role of MORs expressed in cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in home cage self-administration paradigms. Male and female ChAT-Cre/Oprm1fl/fl mice were generated and heterozygous Cre+ (knockout) and Cre- (control) mice were tested for alcohol consumption in two drinking paradigms: limited access "Drinking in the Dark" and intermittent access. Quinine was added to the drinking bottles in the DID experiment to test aversion-resistant, "compulsive" drinking. Nicotine and sucrose drinking were also assessed so comparisons could be made with other rewarding substances. Cholinergic MOR deletion did not influence consumption or preference for ethanol (EtOH) in either drinking task. Differences were observed in aversion-resistance in males with Cre + mice tolerating lower concentrations of quinine than Cre-. In contrast to EtOH, preference for nicotine was reduced following cholinergic MOR deletion while sucrose consumption and preference was increased in Cre+ (vs. Cre-) females. Locomotor activity was also greater in females following the deletion. These results suggest that cholinergic MORs participate in preference for rewarding substances. Further, while they are not required for consumption of alcohol alone, cholinergic MORs may influence the tendency to drink despite negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambria R Beane
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Delainey G Lewis
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Nicolaus Bruns Vi
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kat L Pikus
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Mary H Durfee
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Roman A Zegarelli
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Thomas W Perry
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Oscar Sandoval
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anna K Radke
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
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Beane CR, Lewis DG, Bruns NK, Pikus KL, Durfee MH, Zegarelli RA, Perry TW, Sandoval O, Radke AK. Cholinergic mu-opioid receptor deletion alters reward preference and aversion-resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.13.566881. [PMID: 38014065 PMCID: PMC10680803 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol use and binge drinking are important contributors to alcohol use disorder (AUD). The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in alcohol consumption and preference in both humans and animals. The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is expressed on multiple cells in the striatum, however little is known about the contributions of specific MOR populations to alcohol drinking behaviors. The current study used mice with a genetic deletion of MOR in cholinergic cells (ChAT-Cre/Oprm1fl/fl) to examine the role of MORs expressed in cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in home cage self-administration paradigms. Male and female ChAT-Cre/Oprm1fl/fl mice were generated and heterozygous Cre+ (knockout) and Cre- (control) mice were tested for alcohol and nicotine consumption. In Experiment 1, binge-like and quinine-resistant drinking was tested using 15% ethanol (EtOH) in a two-bottle, limited-access Drinking in the Dark paradigm. Experiment 2 involved a six-week intermittent access paradigm in which mice received 20% EtOH, nicotine, and then a combination of the two drugs. Experiment 3 assessed locomotor activity, sucrose preference, and quinine sensitivity. Deleting MORs in cholinergic cells did not alter consumption of EtOH in Experiment 1 or 2. In Experiment 1, the MOR deletion resulted in greater consumption of quinine-adulterated EtOH in male Cre+ mice (vs. Cre-). In Experiment 2, Cre+ mice demonstrated a significantly lower preference for nicotine but did not differ from Cre- mice in nicotine or nicotine + EtOH consumption. Overall fluid consumption was also heightened in the Cre+ mice. In Experiment 3, Cre+ females were found to have greater locomotor activity and preference for sucrose vs. Cre- mice. These data suggest that cholinergic MORs are not required for EtOH, drinking behaviors but may contribute to aversion resistant EtOH drinking in a sex-dependent manner.
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Zhang Y, Randesi M, Blendy JA, Kreek MJ, Butelman ER. Impact of OPRM1 (Mu-opioid Receptor Gene) A112G Polymorphism on Dual Oxycodone and Cocaine Self-administration Behavior in a Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2024; 539:76-85. [PMID: 38211933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The use of mu-opioid receptor (MOP-r) agonists such as oxycodone together with cocaine is prevalent, and deaths attributed to using these combinations have increased. RATIONALE It is unknown if functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), such as the OPRM1 (MOP-r gene) SNP A118G, can predispose individuals to more dual opioid and psychostimulant intake. The dual self-administration (SA) of MOP-r agonists and cocaine has not been thoroughly examined, especially with regard to neurobiological changes. OBJECTIVES We examined oxycodone SA and subsequent dual oxycodone and cocaine SA in male and female A112G (A/G and G/G, heterozygote and homozygote, respectively) mice, models of human A118G carriers, versus wild-type (A/A) mice. METHODS Adult male and female A/G, G/G and A/A mice self-administered oxycodone (0.25 mg/kg/infusion, 4hr/session, FR 1.) for 10 consecutive days (sessions 1-10). Mice then self-administered cocaine (2 hr) following oxycodone SA (4 hr, as above) in each session for a further 10 consecutive days (sessions 11-20). Message RNA transcripts of 24 reward-related genes were examined in the dorsal striatum. RESULTS Male and female A/G and G/G mice had greater oxycodone SA than A/A mice did in the initial 10 days and in the last 10 sessions. Further, A/G and G/G mice showed greater cocaine intake than A/A mice. Dorsal striatal mRNA levels of Pdyn, Fkbp5, Oprk1, and Oprm1 were altered following oxycodone and cocaine SA. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrated that this functional genetic variation in Oprm1 affected dual opioid and cocaine SA and altered specific gene expression in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Matthew Randesi
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States; Neuropsychoimaging of Addictions and Related Conditions Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
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4
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Bagher AM, Hareeri RH. Allele frequency and genotype distribution of the opioid receptor μ-1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism in the Western Saudi population. J Appl Biomed 2023; 21:160-165. [PMID: 37747315 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2023.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A118G (rs1799971) in the Mu Opioid Receptor 1 (OPRM1) gene is associated with significant variations in analgesic doses and adverse effects of opioids. The A118G OPRM1 allele distributions vary significantly between different populations worldwide. The study aimed to assess the allele frequency and genotype distribution of OPRM1 A118G SNP in Saudis. This cross-sectional study included 124 healthy Saudis (62 males and 62 females) visiting the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The Oragene®-DISCOVER (OGR-600) kits were used to collect saliva samples from the participants. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was utilized to assess the SNP. Among the tested population, 79.03% (95% C.I. 70.81-85.82) were homozygous wild-type A118A, 16.13% (95% C.I. 10.14-23.80) were heterozygous A118G, and 4.84% (95% C.I. 1.80-10.23) were homozygous mutant G118G. OPRM1 A118G polymorphism allele frequencies were 87% (95% C.I. 79.89-92.44) and 13% (95% C.I. 7.56-20.11) for the 118A and 118G alleles, respectively. A higher frequency of the OPRM1 118G allele was present in females, 21% (95% C.I. 11.66-33.17) compared to males, 5% (95% C.I. 1.01-13.50). Relative to other Asian countries, the Saudi population showed a low prevalence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism, with a higher frequency of the 118G allele in females. Our research will contribute to the existing knowledge on the prevalence of OPRM1 A118G polymorphism, which could be considered for the personalized prescribing of opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Bagher
- King AbdulAziz University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H Hareeri
- King AbdulAziz University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Inhibitory Effects of a Novel μ-Opioid Receptor Nonpeptide Antagonist, UD-030, on Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043351. [PMID: 36834763 PMCID: PMC9961271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although opioids are widely used to treat moderate to severe pain, opioid addiction and the opioid overdose epidemic are becoming more serious. Although opioid receptor antagonists/partial agonists, such as naltrexone and buprenorphine, have relatively low selectivity for the μ-opioid receptor (MOP), they have been used for the management of opioid use disorder. The utility of highly selective MOP antagonists remains to be evaluated. Here, we biologically and pharmacologically evaluated a novel nonpeptide ligand, UD-030, as a selective MOP antagonist. UD-030 had more than 100-fold higher binding affinity for the human MOP (Ki = 3.1 nM) than for δ-opioid, κ-opioid, and nociceptin receptors (Ki = 1800, 460, and 1800 nM, respectively) in competitive binding assays. The [35S]-GTPγS binding assay showed that UD-030 acts as a selective MOP full antagonist. The oral administration of UD-030 dose-dependently suppressed the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in C57BL/6J mice, and its effects were comparable to naltrexone. These results indicate the UD-030 may be a new candidate for the treatment of opioid use disorder, with characteristics that differ from traditional medications that are in clinical use.
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Prakrithi P, Jha P, Jaiswal J, Sharma D, Bhoyar RC, Jain A, Imran M, Senthilvel V, Divakar MK, Mishra A, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Mukerji M. Landscape of Variability in Chemosensory Genes Associated With Dietary Preferences in Indian Population: Analysis of 1029 Indian Genomes. Front Genet 2022; 13:878134. [PMID: 35903357 PMCID: PMC9315315 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception and preferences for food and beverages determine dietary behaviour and health outcomes. Inherent differences in chemosensory genes, ethnicity, geo-climatic conditions, and sociocultural practices are other determinants. We aimed to study the variation landscape of chemosensory genes involved in perception of taste, texture, odour, temperature and burning sensations through analysis of 1,029 genomes of the IndiGen project and diverse continental populations. SNPs from 80 chemosensory genes were studied in whole genomes of 1,029 IndiGen samples and 2054 from the 1000 Genomes project. Population genetics approaches were used to infer ancestry of IndiGen individuals, gene divergence and extent of differentiation among studied populations. 137,760 SNPs including common and rare variants were identified in IndiGenomes with 62,950 novel (46%) and 48% shared with the 1,000 Genomes. Genes associated with olfaction harbored most SNPs followed by those associated with differences in perception of salt and pungent tastes. Across species, receptors for bitter taste were the most diverse compared to others. Three predominant ancestry groups within IndiGen were identified based on population structure analysis. We also identified 1,184 variants that exhibit differences in frequency of derived alleles and high population differentiation (FST ≥0.3) in Indian populations compared to European, East Asian and African populations. Examples include ADCY10, TRPV1, RGS6, OR7D4, ITPR3, OPRM1, TCF7L2, and RUNX1. This is a first of its kind of study on baseline variations in genes that could govern cuisine designs, dietary preferences and health outcomes. This would be of enormous utility in dietary recommendations for precision nutrition both at population and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Prakrithi
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Jha
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Pankaj Jha, ; Mitali Mukerji,
| | - Jushta Jaiswal
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Disha Sharma
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rahul C. Bhoyar
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohamed Imran
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vigneshwar Senthilvel
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Divakar
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anushree Mishra
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India
- *Correspondence: Pankaj Jha, ; Mitali Mukerji,
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Gondré-Lewis MC, Elman I, Alim T, Chapman E, Settles-Reaves B, Galvao C, Gold MS, Baron D, Kazmi S, Gardner E, Gupta A, Dennen C, Blum K. Frequency of the Dopamine Receptor D3 (rs6280) vs. Opioid Receptor µ1 (rs1799971) Polymorphic Risk Alleles in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Preponderance of Dopaminergic Mechanisms? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040870. [PMID: 35453620 PMCID: PMC9027142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While opioids are a powerful class of drugs that inhibit transmission of pain signals, their use is tarnished by the current epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose deaths. Notwithstanding published reports, there remain gaps in our knowledge of opioid receptor mechanisms and their role in opioid seeking behavior. Thus, novel insights into molecular, neurogenetic and neuropharmacological bases of OUD are needed. We propose that an addictive endophenotype may not be entirely specific to the drug of choice but rather may be generalizable to altered brain reward circuits impacting net mesocorticolimbic dopamine release. We suggest that genetic or epigenetic alterations across dopaminergic reward systems lead to uncontrollable self-administration of opioids and other drugs. For instance, diminished availability via knockout of dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) increases vulnerability to opioids. Building upon this concept via the use of a sophisticated polymorphic risk analysis in a human cohort of chronic opioid users, we found evidence for a higher frequency of polymorphic DRD3 risk allele (rs6280) than opioid receptor µ1 (rs1799971). In conclusion, while opioidergic mechanisms are involved in OUD, dopamine-related receptors may have primary influence on opioid-seeking behavior in African Americans. These findings suggest OUD-targeted novel and improved neuropharmacological therapies may require focus on DRD3-mediated regulation of dopaminergic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Gondré-Lewis
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.G.-L.); (K.B.)
| | - Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA or
| | - Tanya Alim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (T.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Edwin Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (T.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Beverlyn Settles-Reaves
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA (C.G.)
| | - Carine Galvao
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA (C.G.)
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - David Baron
- Graduate College, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Shan Kazmi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA or
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA;
| | - Catherine Dennen
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA;
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Graduate College, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA;
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Centre, Dayton, OH 45324, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.G.-L.); (K.B.)
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8
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Custodio L, Malone S, Bardo MT, Turner JR. Nicotine and opioid co-dependence: Findings from bench research to clinical trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104507. [PMID: 34968525 PMCID: PMC10986295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant use of tobacco and opioids represents a growing public health concern. In fact, the mortality rate due to smoking-related illness approaches 50% among SUD patients. Cumulative evidence demonstrates that the vulnerability to drugs of abuse is influenced by behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors. This review explores the contribution of genetics and neural mechanisms influencing nicotine and opioid reward, respiration, and antinociception, emphasizing the interaction of cholinergic and opioid receptor systems. Despite the substantial evidence demonstrating nicotine-opioid interactions within the brain and on behavior, the currently available pharmacotherapies targeting these systems have shown limited efficacy for smoking cessation on opioid-maintained smokers. Thus, further studies designed to identify novel targets modulating both nicotinic and opioid receptor systems may lead to more efficacious approaches for co-morbid nicotine dependence and opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Custodio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Samantha Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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9
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Graham DP, Harding MJ, Nielsen DA. Pharmacogenetics of Addiction Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2547:437-490. [PMID: 36068473 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2573-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a serious relapsing disease that has high costs to society and to the individual addicts. Treatment of these addictions is still in its nascency, with only a few examples of successful therapies. Therapeutic response depends upon genetic, biological, social, and environmental components. A role for genetic makeup in the response to treatment has been shown for several addiction pharmacotherapies with response to treatment based on individual genetic makeup. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of genetics in pharmacotherapies, specifically for cocaine, alcohol, and opioid dependences. The continued elucidation of the role of genetics should aid in the development of new treatments and increase the efficacy of existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Graham
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Harding
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Nielsen
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Bowen MT, George O, Muskiewicz DE, Hall FS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ESCALATION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:730-756. [PMID: 34839930 PMCID: PMC8892842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that contribute to the escalation of alcohol consumption is key to understanding how an individual transitions from non/social drinking to AUD and to providing better treatment. In this review, we discuss how the way ethanol is consumed as well as individual and environmental factors contribute to the escalation of ethanol consumption from intermittent low levels to consistently high levels. Moreover, we discuss how these factors are modelled in animals. It is clear a vast array of complex, interacting factors influence changes in alcohol consumption. Some of these factors act early in the acquisition of ethanol consumption and initial escalation, while others contribute to escalation of ethanol consumption at a later stage and are involved in the development of alcohol dependence. There is considerable need for more studies examining escalation associated with the formation of dependence and other hallmark features of AUD, especially studies examining mechanisms, as it is of considerable relevance to understanding and treating AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Bowen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,Corresponding Author: Michael T. Bowen, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dawn E. Muskiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - F. Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
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11
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Meshkat S, Rodrigues NB, Di Vincenzo JD, Ceban F, Jaberi S, McIntyre RS, Lui LMW, Rosenblat JD. Pharmacogenomics of ketamine: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:27-34. [PMID: 34844049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used worldwide for anesthesia, pain management, treatment resistant depression (TRD) and suicidality. Predictors of antidepressant response and adverse effects to ketamine remain poorly understood due to contradictory results. The objective of the systematic review herein is to identify and evaluate the extant literature assessing pharmacogenomic predictors of ketamine clinical benefits and adverse effects. Electronic databases were searched from inception to July 2021 to identify relevant articles. Twelve articles involving 1,219 participants with TRD, 75 who underwent elective surgeries and received ketamine as an anesthetic, 49 with pain, and 68 healthy participants met the inclusion criteria and enrolled to this review. While identified articles reported mixed results, three predictors emerged: 1) Val66Met (rs6265) brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; Met allele) was associated with reduced antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects, 2) CYP2B6*6 (e.g., CYB2B6 metabolizer) was associated with more severe dissociative effects and 3) NET allelic (rs28386840) variant were associated with greater cardiovascular complications (e.g., moderate to severe treatment emergent hypertension). Several important limitations were identified, most notably the small sample sizes and heterogeneity of study design and results. Taken together, preliminary evidence suggests the potential for pharmacogenomic testing to inform clinical practices; however, further research is needed to better determine genetic variants of greatest importance and the clinical validity of pharmacogenomics to help guide ketamine treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Meshkat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Di Vincenzo
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felicia Ceban
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saja Jaberi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Swinford-Jackson SE, O'Brien CP, Kenny PJ, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Unterwald EM, Pierce RC. The Persistent Challenge of Developing Addiction Pharmacotherapies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a040311. [PMID: 32601131 PMCID: PMC8559539 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are currently effective Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for alcohol, nicotine, and opioid use disorders. This article will review the development of eight compounds used in the treatment of drug addiction with an emphasis on pharmacological mechanisms and the utility of preclinical animal models of addiction in therapeutic development. In contrast to these successes, animal research has identified a number of promising medications for the treatment of psychostimulant use disorder, none of which have proven to be clinically effective. A specific example of an apparently promising pharmacotherapeutic for cocaine that failed clinically will be examined to determine whether this truly represents a challenge to the predictive validity of current models of cocaine addiction. In addition, the development of promising cocaine use disorder therapeutics derived from animal research will be reviewed, with some discussion regarding how preclinical studies might be modified to better inform clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Swinford-Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Charles P O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - R Christopher Pierce
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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13
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Liu L, Yang X, Zhao F, Gao C, Zhang N, Bao J, Li K, Zhang X, Lu X, Ruan Y, Zhong S. Hypermethylation of the OPRM1 and ALDH2 promoter regions in Chinese Han males with alcohol use disorder in Yunnan Province. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:694-703. [PMID: 34582308 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1973486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. The OPRM1 and ALDH2 genes are important factors in the reward and alcohol metabolism pathways, and their DNA methylation patterns are closely related to AUD and are population-specific. Chinese Han people are the most populous ethnic group in the world, and this group experiences severe AUD. No epigenetic study on OPRM1 and ALDH2 has been performed in Chinese Han patients with AUD. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether methylation patterns of OPRM1 and ALDH2 are associated with susceptibility to AUD in Chinese Han males. METHODS DNA methylation of the OPRM1 and ALDH2 promoters was studied in Chinese Han males with AUD in Yunnan Province (N = 50 controls, N = 90 individuals with AUD) using the bisulfite pyrosequencing method. RESULTS In the AUD group, compared with the control group, OPRM1 was hypermethylated(p < .01) but there was no significant difference in the methylation level of ALDH2 (p > .05). 9 CpG sites of OPRM1 (p < .05) and 2 CpG sites of ALDH2 (p > .01) were hypermethylated. Smoking promoted AUD-mediated hypermethylation of OPRM1, in which 3 CpG sites showed significant hypermethylation (p < .01). Age had no significant effect on the DNA methylation levels of these two genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that DNA hypermethylation of the OPRM1 and ALDH2 promoter regions is associated with an increased risk of AUD, which may help to explain the pathogenesis and progression of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Forensic biology identification laboratory, Judicial Identification Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaopei Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of basic medicine, Chuxiong Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chuxiong, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Forensic Lab 1, Jiangxi Shenzhou Judicial Identification Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Changqing Gao
- Children's mental department, The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Children's mental department, Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department, Mental Health Center Affiliated With Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianjun Bao
- Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department, The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department, Mental Health Center Affiliated With Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuan Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xulan Zhang
- Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department, The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department, Mental Health Center Affiliated With Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department, The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department, Mental Health Center Affiliated With Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shurong Zhong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Forensic biology identification laboratory, Judicial Identification Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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14
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Reed B, Kreek MJ. Genetic Vulnerability to Opioid Addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039735. [PMID: 32205416 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Opioid addiction, also referred to as opioid use disorder, continues to be a devastating problem throughout the world. Familial relation and twin studies have revealed opioid addiction, like other addictive diseases, to be profoundly influenced by genetics. Genetics studies of opioid addiction have affirmed the importance of genetics contributors in susceptibility to develop opioid addiction, and also have important implications on treatment for opioid addiction. But the complexity of the interactions of multiple genetic variants across diverse genes, as well as substantial differences in allelic frequencies across populations, thus far limits the predictive value of individual genetics variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Reed
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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15
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Blackwood CA, Cadet JL. The molecular neurobiology and neuropathology of opioid use disorder. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2. [PMID: 35548327 PMCID: PMC9090195 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with opioid use disorder has skyrocketed as a consequence of the opioid epidemic and the increased prescribing of opioid drugs for chronic pain relief. Opioid use disorder is characterized by loss of control of drug taking, continued drug use in the presence of adverse consequences, and repeated relapses to drug taking even after long periods of abstinence. Patients who suffer from opioid use disorder often present with cognitive deficits that are potentially secondary to structural brain abnormalities that vary according to the chemical composition of the abused opioid. This review details the neurobiological effects of oxycodone, morphine, heroin, methadone, and fentanyl on brain neurocircuitries by presenting the acute and chronic effects of these drugs on the human brain. In addition, we review results of neuroimaging in opioid use disorder patients and/or histological studies from brains of patients who had expired after acute intoxication following long-term use of these drugs. Moreover, we include relevant discussions of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in promoting abnormalities in the brains of opioid-exposed patients. Finally, we discuss how novel strategies could be used to provide pharmacological treatment against opioid use disorder. Brain abnormalities caused by opioid intoxication. Intoxication of opioids leads to defects in brain neurocircuitries. Insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with craving in heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Corresponding author.Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program 251 Bayview Boulevard Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Scarnati MS, Boreland AJ, Joel M, Hart RP, Pang ZP. Differential sensitivity of human neurons carrying μ opioid receptor (MOR) N40D variants in response to ethanol. Alcohol 2020; 87:97-109. [PMID: 32561311 PMCID: PMC7958146 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the brain and behavior are linked to alterations in inhibitory synaptic transmission. Alcohol's most consistent effect at the synaptic level is probably a facilitation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, as seen from several rodent studies. The impact of alcohol on GABAergic neurotransmission in human neurons is unknown, due to a lack of a suitable experimental model. Human neurons can also be used to model effects of genetic variants linked with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1799971) of the OPRM1 gene encoding the N40D (D40 minor allele) mu-opioid receptor (MOR) variant has been linked with individuals who have an AUD. However, while N40D is clearly associated with other drugs of abuse, involvement with AUDs is controversial. In this study, we employed Ascl1-and Dlx2-induced inhibitory neuronal cells (AD-iNs) generated from human iPS cell lines carrying N40D variants, and investigated the impact of ethanol acutely and chronically on GABAergic synaptic transmission. We found that N40 AD-iNs display a stronger facilitation (versus D40) of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency in response to acute ethanol application. Quantitative immunocytochemistry of Synapsin 1+ synaptic puncta revealed a similar synapse number between N40 and D40 iNs, suggesting an ethanol modulation of presynaptic GABA release without affecting synapse density. Interestingly, D40 iNs exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol application caused a significant increase in mIPSC frequency, with only a modest enhancement observed in N40 iNs. These data suggest that the MOR genotype may confer differential sensitivity to synaptic output, which depends on ethanol exposure time and concentration for AD-iNs and may help explain alcohol dependence in individuals who carry the MOR D40 SNPs. Furthermore, this study supports the use of human neuronal cells carrying risk-associated genetic variants linked to disease, as in vitro models to assay the synaptic actions of alcohol on human neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Scarnati
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Andrew J Boreland
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Marisa Joel
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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17
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Addiction associated N40D mu-opioid receptor variant modulates synaptic function in human neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1406-1419. [PMID: 31481756 PMCID: PMC7051890 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The OPRM1 A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1799971) gene variant encoding the N40D µ-opioid receptor (MOR) has been associated with dependence on opiates and other drugs of abuse but its mechanism is unknown. The frequency of G-allele carriers is ~40% in Asians, ~16% in Europeans, and ~3% in African-Americans. With opioid abuse-related deaths rising at unprecedented rates, understanding these mechanisms may provide a path to therapy. Here we generated homozygous N40D subject-specific induced inhibitory neuronal cells (iNs) from seven human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines from subjects of European descent (both male and female) and probed the impact of N40D MOR regulation on synaptic transmission. We found that D40 iNs exhibit consistently stronger suppression (versus N40) of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) across multiple subjects. To mitigate the confounding effects of background genetic variation on neuronal function, the regulatory effects of MORs on synaptic transmission were recapitulated in two sets of independently engineered isogenic N40D iNs. In addition, we employed biochemical analysis and observed differential N-linked glycosylation of human MOR N40D. This study identifies neurophysiological and molecular differences between human MOR variants that may predict altered opioid responsivity and/or dependence in this subset of individuals.
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18
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The association between the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and addiction in a Turkish population. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 70:97-103. [PMID: 31246565 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to addiction has a complex genetic basis that includes genes associated with the action and metabolism of drugs of abuse. One important gene in that respect is OPRM1, which codes for the μ-opioid receptor and has an important role in mediating the rewarding effects of addiction substances. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) in Turkish population and to investigate its association with opioid and other substance addiction. In addition, we examined the association of rs1799971 in addicted patients who were also diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. The study included 103 patients addicted to opioids, cocaine, ecstasy, alcohol, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), cannabis, and sedative/hypnotic substances and 83 healthy volunteers with similar demographic features as controls. rs1799971 polymorphisms were identified with the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). The genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the addicted patients than controls (32.0 % vs 16.9 %, respectively; p=0.027). The prevalence of the G allele was 16.1 % in the addicted group and 8.4 % in the control group (p=0.031). Our study confirmed the association between the rs1799971(G) allele frequency and opioid and other substance addiction, but not with psychiatric disorders.
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19
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Tolami HF, Sharafshah A, Tolami LF, Keshavarz P. Haplotype-Based Association and In Silico Studies of OPRM1 Gene Variants with Susceptibility to Opioid Dependence Among Addicted Iranians Undergoing Methadone Treatment. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:504-513. [PMID: 31853823 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The associations of OPRM1 gene variants with opioid dependence have been demonstrated. This study investigated the association of rs495491, rs1799971 (A118G), rs589046, and rs10457090 variants of OPRM1 gene with opium dependence and their haplotypes among addicted individuals undergoing methadone treatment. Moreover, we investigated whether any of these variants were associated with libido dysfunction or insomnia among addicted people. A total of 404 individuals were genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. In silico studies were designed through homology modeling of A118G structures (N40 and D40) and docked with 41 FDA-approved drugs of OPRM1 protein by SWISS-MODEL, COACH, MolProbity, ProSA, Errat, Glide XP, and Autodock 4. Results revealed that rs495491, A118G, rs589046, and rs10457090 were significantly associated with opium dependence under recessive (P = 6.66E-10), dominant (P = 0.017), co-dominant (P = 0.001), and recessive (P = 9.28E-6) models of inheritance, respectively. Further analyses indicated three significant haplotypes including A-A-A-C (P-permutation < 1E-9), G-G-A-C (P-permutation = 0.04), and G-A-G-C (P-permutation = 8.69E-4). Genotype-phenotype associations of OPRM1 variants with insomnia and libido dysfunction showed no significant association. Docking showed the higher binding affinity of N40 rather than D40 model; however, methadone and morphine were bonded with D40 structure more powerful. Consequently, rs495491, A118G, rs589046, and rs10457090 were associated with opioid dependence among Iranians; also, A118G might be the most remarkable marker of OPRM1 owing to its vital structural roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedyeh Fazel Tolami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Laleh Fazel Tolami
- Medical and Emergency Management Center of Guilan, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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20
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Taqi MM, Faisal M, Zaman H. OPRM1 A118G Polymorphisms and Its Role in Opioid Addiction: Implication on Severity and Treatment Approaches. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:361-368. [PMID: 31819591 PMCID: PMC6885558 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s198654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of opioid addiction is shaping up as the most serious clinical issues of current times. Opioids have the greatest propensity to develop addiction after first exposure. Molecular, genetic variations, epigenetic alterations, and environmental factors are also implicated in the development of opioid addiction. Genetic and epigenetic variations in candidate genes have been identified for their associations with opioid addiction. OPRM1 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism rs1799971 (A118G) is the most prominent candidate due to its significant association with onset and treatment of opioid addiction. Marked inter-individual variability in response to available maintenance pharmacotherapies is the common feature observed in individuals with opioid addiction. Several therapies are only effective among subgroups of opioid individuals which indicate that ethnic, environmental factors and genetic polymorphism including rs1799971 may be responsible for the response to treatment. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to enhance our understanding around the underlying genetic, epigenetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for the heterogeneous response of maintenance pharmacotherapies in opioid addiction. A more detailed understanding of molecular, epigenetic and genetic variants especially the implication of OPRM1 A118G polymorphism in an individual may serve as the way forward to address the opioid epidemic. Personalized medicine, which involves developing targeted pharmacotherapies in accordance with individual genetic and epigenetic makeup, are required to develop safe and effective treatments for opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Hadar Zaman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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21
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Kreek MJ, Reed B, Butelman ER. Current status of opioid addiction treatment and related preclinical research. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax9140. [PMID: 31616793 PMCID: PMC6774730 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are diseases of the brain with behavioral, psychological, neurobiological, and medical manifestations. Vulnerability to OUDs can be affected by factors such as genetic background, environment, stress, and prolonged exposure to μ-opioid agonists for analgesia. Two standard-of-care maintenance medications, methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone, have a long-term positive influence on health of persons with opioid addiction. Buprenorphine and another medication, naltrexone, have also been approved for administration as monthly depot injections. However, neither medication is used as widely as needed, due largely to stigma, insufficient medical education or training, inadequate resources, and inadequate access to treatment. Ongoing directions in the field include (i) personalized approaches leveraging genetic factors for prediction of OUD vulnerability and prognosis, or for targeted pharmacotherapy, and (ii) development of novel analgesic medicines with new neurobiological targets with reduced abuse potential, reduced toxicity, and improved effectiveness, especially for chronic pain states other than cancer pain.
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22
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Kim KM, Choi SW, Kim D, Lee J, Kim JW. Associations among the opioid receptor gene ( OPRM1) A118G polymorphism, psychiatric symptoms, and quantitative EEG in Korean males with gambling disorder: A pilot study. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:463-470. [PMID: 31553235 PMCID: PMC7044614 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A single nucleotide polymorphism of A118G (SNP; rs1799971) in the opioid receptor μ-1 (OPRM1) gene is a missense variant that influences the affinity of μ-opioid receptors. This study aimed to investigate the associations among the A118G polymorphism in the OPRM1 gene, psychiatric symptoms, and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) findings in patients with gambling disorder. METHODS Fifty-five male patients with gambling disorder aged between 18 and 65 years old participated in the study. The A118G polymorphism was genotyped into the AA, GA, and GG groups by the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Resting-state qEEG was recorded with the eyes closed, and the absolute power of the delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (12-30 Hz) frequency bands was analyzed. Psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, impulsivity and severity of gambling, were assessed by a self-rating scale. RESULTS There were no significant differences in psychiatric symptoms among the three genotype groups (AA, GA, and GG). However, the frequency band power of qEEG showed significant differences among the three genotype groups. The absolute power of the beta and theta bands in the frontal lobe was higher in G allele carriers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this study, the polymorphism in the OPRM1 gene might affect the neurophysiological process in patients with gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Wook Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, True Mind Mental Health Clinic, Korea Institute of Behavioral Addictions, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea Institute of Neuromodulation, Easybrain Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors: Jaewon Lee, MD, PhD; Department of Psychiatry, Korea Institute of Neuromodulation, EasyBrain Center, 1330-9 Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 2 583 9081; Fax: +82 2 583 9082; E-mail: ; Jun Won Kim, MD, PhD; Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 53 650 4332; Fax: +82 53 623 1694; E-mail:
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors: Jaewon Lee, MD, PhD; Department of Psychiatry, Korea Institute of Neuromodulation, EasyBrain Center, 1330-9 Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 2 583 9081; Fax: +82 2 583 9082; E-mail: ; Jun Won Kim, MD, PhD; Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 53 650 4332; Fax: +82 53 623 1694; E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
Drug addiction is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden, and results from recreational drug use that develops into a complex brain disorder. The opioid system, one of the first discovered neuropeptide systems in the history of neuroscience, is central to addiction. Recently, opioid receptors have been propelled back on stage by the rising opioid epidemics, revolutions in G protein-coupled receptor research and fascinating developments in basic neuroscience. This Review discusses rapidly advancing research into the role of opioid receptors in addiction, and addresses the key questions of whether we can kill pain without addiction using mu-opioid-receptor-targeting opiates, how mu- and kappa-opioid receptors operate within the neurocircuitry of addiction and whether we can bridge human and animal opioid research in the field of drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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24
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Sachdeo BLY, Yu L, Giunta GM, Bello NT. Binge-Like Eating Is Not Influenced by the Murine Model of OPRM1 A118G Polymorphism. Front Psychol 2019; 10:246. [PMID: 30804861 PMCID: PMC6378308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in opioid receptor signaling have been implicated in disordered eating. A functional variant of the OPRM1 gene is a guanine (G) substitution for adenine (A) at the 118 position of exon 1 (A118G). The influence of the A118G variant on binge eating behaviors and the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies used to treat binge eating have not been characterized. Mice were generated with A to G substitution at the 112 position on exon 1 to produce a murine equivalent of the human A118G variant. Homozygous female mice (AA or GG) were exposed to intermittent access to a highly palatable sweet-fat food with or without prior calorie deprivation to promote dietary-induced binge eating. There were no genotype-dependent differences in the dietary-induced binge eating. However, GG mice exposed to intermittent calorie restriction (Restrict) had higher body weights compared with GG mice exposed to intermittent sweet fat-food (Binge) and ad libitum feeding (Naive). Acute oral dosing of lisdexamfetamine (0.15, 0.5, and 1.5 mg/kg) or sibutramine (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg) did not produce genotype-dependent differences in binge-like eating. In addition, no genotype-dependent differences in binge-like eating were observed with chronic (14-day) dosing of lisdexamfetamine (1.5 mg/kg/day) or sibutramine (3 mg/kg/day). In the chronic dosing, body weights were higher in the GG Restrict compared with AA Restrict. Our findings suggest that the A112G polymorphism does not influence binge eating behaviors or pharmacotherapies for treating binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn L. Y. Sachdeo
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Genetics, School of Arts and Sciences, and Center of Alcohol Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Gina M. Giunta
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nicholas T. Bello
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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OPRM1 A118G and serum β-endorphin interact with sex and digit ratio (2D:4D) to influence risk and course of alcohol dependence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1418-1428. [PMID: 30322771 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation of mesolimbic mu-opioid receptors by their endogenous ligand, β-endorphin, can mediate the rewarding effects of alcohol. However, there is conflicting evidence on the relationship between the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and alcohol dependence risk. Preclinical evidence suggests that sex and sex hormone-dependent prenatal brain organization may interact with the opioid system to influence alcohol drinking behavior. We genotyped 200 alcohol-dependent patients and 240 healthy individuals for the OPRM1 A118G SNP and measured serum β-endorphin level at recruitment and after acute withdrawal. We then determined the association between these factors and alcohol dependence risk and 24-month outcome in the context of both sex and second-to-fourth digit lengths ratio (2D:4D) - a biomarker of prenatal sex hormone levels. The OPRM1 A118G AA genotype associated with elevated risk of alcohol-related hospital readmission, more readmissions, and fewer days until first readmission in male patients only. After normalizing patient 2D:4D against control 2D:4D, we found that normalized 2D:4D ratios were lower in male 118G patients than male AA patients, suggesting prenatal androgens interact with OPRM1 to influence alcohol dependence risk. In addition, β-endorphin levels after acute withdrawal correlated negatively with withdrawal severity in females but not in males, which may indicate β-endorphin protects against withdrawal-induced stress in a sex-specific manner.
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Wang G, Li Z, Li M, Liu S, Shan T, Liu J, Zhang Y. Clinical Therapeutic Effect of Naloxone Combined with Hemodialysis on Acute Severe Alcoholism. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5363-5367. [PMID: 30068901 PMCID: PMC6085981 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this research was to investigate the treatment effect of naloxone combined with hemodialysis on acute severe alcoholism. Material/Methods We included 36 patients treated with naloxone combined with hemodialysis in Group I and 34 patients treated with naloxone without hemodialysis in Group II. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, the consciousness recovery time, alanine amino transferase (ALT) level, and complications were analyzed. Results Mean GCS score in Group I was higher than that in Group II, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The consciousness recovery time in Groups I and II were 3.0±0.8 h and 6.9±2.1 h, respectively, with a significant difference (P<0.05). After naloxone treatment and hemodialysis, the ALT level in Group I was lower than that in Group II (P<0.05). Moreover, the incidence of hepatic and renal function damages in Group I was smaller than that in Group II (P<0.05). Only 1 patient in Group I developed pneumonia, which was fewer than that in Group II, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions Naloxone combined with hemodialysis effectively reduces the central inhibition of alcohol, shortens consciousness recovery time, improves respiratory and cardiovascular function, decreases hepatic and renal function damages, and reduces the incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Wang
- Department of Hemodialysis, Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenhe Li
- Department of Emergency, Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Min Li
- Department of Emergency, Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shanmei Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Timei Shan
- Department of Emergency, Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Linyi City Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Ahmed M, Ul Haq I, Faisal M, Waseem D, Taqi MM. Implication of OPRM1 A118G Polymorphism in Opioids Addicts in Pakistan: In vitro and In silico Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:472-479. [PMID: 30033503 PMCID: PMC6132783 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism in OPRM1 gene is associated with hedonic and reinforcing consequences of opioids. Risk and protective alleles may vary in different populations. One hundred healthy controls and 100 opioids (predominantly heroin) addicts from Pakistani origin were genotyped for A118G (N40D) polymorphism in OPRM1. Structural and functional impact of the polymorphism on encoded protein was predicted by in silico analysis. Results show significant association between homozygous GG genotype and opioid addiction in Pakistani population (p value = 0.016). In silico analysis by SIFT (TI = 0.61), PolyPhen (PISC = 0.227), PANTHER (subPSEC = -1.7171), and SNP effect predicted this SNP benign for encoded protein. Superimposing wild-type and mutated proteins by MODELLER shows no change (RMSD = 0.1) in extracellular ligand binding domain of μ-opioid receptor. However, Haploreg and RegulomeDB predicted OPRM1 gene repression by chromatin condensation and increased binding affinity of RXRA transcription factor that may reduce protein translation and hence the number of available receptors to bind with drugs, which may trigger underlying mechanisms for opioids addiction. Thus, this study outlines causal relationship between opioids addiction and genetic predisposition in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd, Bradford, UK.
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
| | - Durdana Waseem
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Henderson-Redmond AN, Lowe TE, Tian XB, Morgan DJ. Increased ethanol drinking in "humanized" mice expressing the mu opioid receptor A118G polymorphism are mediated through sex-specific mechanisms. Brain Res Bull 2018; 138:12-19. [PMID: 28780411 PMCID: PMC5796878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (Oprm1) has been implicated in mediating the rewarding effects of alcohol. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that the G allele may confer a genetic vulnerability to alcohol dependence, though it remains unknown whether these effects are sex-specific. We used male and female mice homozygous for the "humanized" 118AA or 118GG alleles to determine whether the A118G SNP potentiates ethanol consumption in a sex-specific manner in both the two-bottle choice and drinking-in-the-dark (DID) paradigms. Mice were also assessed for differences in naltrexone sensitivity, ethanol reward assessed via conditioned place preference (CPP), and sensitivity to the sedative/ataxic effects of ethanol using the rota-rod and loss of righting reflex (LORR) assays. We found that male and female 118GG mice drank significantly more ethanol than 118AA littermates using a continuous access, two-bottle choice paradigm. In the limited-access DID drinking model, (i) female (but not male) 118GG mice consumed more ethanol than 118AA mice and (ii) naltrexone pretreatment was equally efficacious at attenuating ethanol intake in both 118AA and 118GG female mice while having no effect in males. Male and female 118GG and female 118AA mice developed a robust conditioned place preference (CPP) for ethanol. Female 118GG mice displayed less sensitivity to the sedative/ataxic effects of ethanol compared to female 118AA mice on both the rota-rod and the LORR assays while male mice did not differ in their responses on either assay. Our findings suggest that increased ethanol consumption in male 118GG mice may be due to increased ethanol reward, while increased drinking in female 118GG mice might be due to decreased sensitivity to the sedative/ataxic effects of ethanol. Collectively, these data might be used to help identify sex-specific pharmacotherapies to combat alcohol use disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Alcohol Drinking/genetics
- Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology
- Alleles
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Choice Behavior/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ethanol/administration & dosage
- Ethanol/blood
- Female
- Genotype
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Quinine/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Reflex/drug effects
- Reflex/genetics
- Reward
- Self Administration
- Self Stimulation
- Sex Characteristics
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Henderson-Redmond
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Tammy E Lowe
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Benedict College, Columbia, SC 29204, United States
| | - Xi B Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
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29
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Grigson PS. Addiction: A multi-determined chronic disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 138:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance use disorders are a group of chronic relapsing disorders of the brain, which have massive public health and societal impact. In some disorders (e.g., heroin/prescription opioid addictions) approved medications have a major long-term benefit. For other substances (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines and cannabis) there are no approved medications, and for alcohol there are approved treatments, which are not in wide usage. Approved treatments for tobacco use disorders are available, and novel medications are also under study. Areas covered: Medication-based approaches which are in advanced preclinical stages, or which have reached proof-of concept clinical laboratory studies, as well as clinical trials. Expert opinion: Current challenges involve optimizing translation between preclinical and clinical development, and between clinical laboratory studies to therapeutic clinical trials. Comorbidities including depression or anxiety are challenges for study design and analysis. Improved pharmacogenomics, biomarker and phenotyping approaches are areas of interest. Pharmacological mechanisms currently under investigation include modulation of glutamatergic, GABA, vasopressin and κ-receptor function, as well as inhibition of monoamine re-uptake. Other factors that affect potential market size for emerging medications include stigma, availability of treatment settings, adoption by clinicians, and the prevalence of persons with SUD who are not actively treatment-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R Butelman
- a Laboratory in the Biology of Addictive Diseases , The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- a Laboratory in the Biology of Addictive Diseases , The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
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31
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Zaso MJ, Maisto SA, Glatt SJ, Belote JM, Park A. Interaction Between the μ-Opioid Receptor Gene and the Number of Heavy-Drinking Peers on Alcohol Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:2041-2050. [PMID: 28992386 PMCID: PMC5711571 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of heavy-drinking peers may trigger genetic vulnerabilities to alcohol use. Limited correlational findings, albeit mixed as a function of age, suggest that carriers of a μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) G allele may be more vulnerable than noncarriers to alcohol-promoting perceived peer environments. However, research has not yet examined such genetic susceptibility to actual (rather than perceived) peer environments through an experimental, ad libitum alcohol administration design. This study examined whether OPRM1 modulates the effects of heavy-drinking group size on alcohol consumption and explored potential mediators of such OPRM1-based differences. METHODS Caucasian young adult moderate to heavy drinkers (N = 116; mean age = 22 years [SD = 2.21], 49% female) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol in the presence of none, 1, or 3 heavy-drinking peer confederates. RESULTS Results showed no significant moderating effects of OPRM1 in the relationship between the number (or presence) of heavy-drinking peers and voluntary alcohol consumption (partial η2 = 0.01). This result remained the same after controlling for sex, age, and typical drinking quantity as well as their 2-way interactions with OPRM1 and social drinking condition. In addition, OPRM1 did not moderate the peer influence on any proposed mediating variables, including craving for alcohol and subjective responses to alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest no OPRM1-based susceptibility to the number of heavy-drinking peers, adding to the existing mixed findings from correlational studies. Future research on OPRM1-related susceptibility to alcohol-promoting peer environments through meta-analytic synthesis and both experimental and prospective, multiwave designs is needed to resolve these mixed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. Zaso
- Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Stephen A. Maisto
- Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - John M. Belote
- Syracuse University, Center for Reproductive Evolution/Department of Biology, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Abstract
Pharmacogenomic testing in psychiatry is becoming an established clinical procedure. Several vendors provide clinical interpretation of combinatorial pharmacogenomic testing of gene variants that have documented predictive implications regarding either pharmacologic response or adverse effects in depression and other psychiatric conditions. Such gene profiles have demonstrated improvements in outcome in depression, and reduction of cost of care of patients with inadequate clinical response. Additionally, several new gene variants are being studied to predict specific response in individuals. Many of these genes have demonstrated a role in the pathophysiology of depression or specific depressive symptoms. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art application of psychiatric pharmacogenomics.
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Kong X, Deng H, Gong S, Alston T, Kong Y, Wang J. Lack of associations of the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with alcohol dependence: review and meta-analysis of retrospective controlled studies. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:120. [PMID: 29070014 PMCID: PMC5657079 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have sought associations of the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with alcohol-dependence, but findings are inconsistent. We summarize the information as to associations of rs1799971 (A > G) and the alcohol-dependence. Methods Systematically, we reviewed related literatures using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Embase, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched using select medical subject heading (MeSH) terms to identify all researches focusing on the present topic up to September 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) along with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated in allele model, homozygote model, heterozygote model, dominant model and recessive model. Ethnicity-specific subgroup-analysis, sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity description, and publication-bias assessment were also analyzed. Results There were 17 studies, including 9613 patients in the present meta-analysis. The ORs in the 5 genetic-models were 1.037 (95% CI: 0.890, 1.210; p = 0.64), 1.074 (95% CI: 0.831, 1.387; p = 0.586), 1.155 (95% CI: 0.935, 1.427; p = 0.181), 1.261 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.578; p = 0.042), 0.968 (95% CI: 0.758, 1.236; p = 0.793), respectively. An association is significant in the dominant model, but there is no statistical significance upon ethnicity-specific subgroup analysis. Conclusion The rs1799971 (A > G) is not strongly associated with alcohol-dependence. However, there are study heterogeneities and limited sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyangqu, Panjiayuan, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA
| | - Shun Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Theodore Alston
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA
| | - Yanguo Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingping Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA.
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Yeung EW, Craggs JG, Gizer IR. Comorbidity of Alcohol Use Disorder and Chronic Pain: Genetic Influences on Brain Reward and Stress Systems. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1831-1848. [PMID: 29048744 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly comorbid with chronic pain (CP). Evidence has suggested that neuroadaptive processes characterized by reward deficit and stress surfeit are involved in the development of AUD and pain chronification. Neurological data suggest that shared genetic architecture associated with the reward and stress systems may contribute to the comorbidity of AUD and CP. This monograph first delineates the prevailing theories of the development of AUD and pain chronification focusing on the reward and stress systems. It then provides a brief summary of relevant neurological findings followed by an evaluation of evidence documented by molecular genetic studies. Candidate gene association studies have provided some initial support for the genetic overlap between AUD and CP; however, these results must be interpreted with caution until studies with sufficient statistical power are conducted and replications obtained. Genomewide association studies have suggested a number of genes (e.g., TBX19, HTR7, and ADRA1A) that are either directly or indirectly related to the reward and stress systems in the AUD and CP literature. Evidence reviewed in this monograph suggests that shared genetic liability underlying the comorbidity between AUD and CP, if present, is likely to be complex. As the advancement in molecular genetic methods continues, future studies may show broader central nervous system involvement in AUD-CP comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W Yeung
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jason G Craggs
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,School of Health Professions, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ian R Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Sweeney CG, Rando JM, Panas HN, Miller GM, Platt DM, Vallender EJ. Convergent Balancing Selection on the Mu-Opioid Receptor in Primates. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1629-1643. [PMID: 28333316 PMCID: PMC6279279 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor is involved in many natural processes including stress response, pleasure, and pain. Mutations in the gene also have been associated with opiate and alcohol addictions as well as with responsivity to medication targeting these disorders. Two common and mutually exclusive polymorphisms have been identified in humans, A118G (N40D), found commonly in non-African populations, and C17T (V6A), found almost exclusively in African populations. Although A118G has been studied extensively for associations and in functional assays, C17T is much less well understood. In addition to a parallel polymorphism previously identified in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), C77G (P26R), resequencing in additional non-human primate species identifies further common variation: C140T (P47L) in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), G55C (D19H) in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabeus), A111T (L37F) in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and C55T (P19S) in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis). Functional effects on downstream signaling are observed for each of these variants following treatment with the endogenous agonist β-endorphin and the exogenous agonists morphine, DAMGO ([d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin), and fentanyl. In addition to demonstrating the importance of functional equivalency in reference to population variation for minority health, this also shows how common evolutionary pressures have produced similar phenotypes across species, suggesting a shared response to environmental needs and perhaps elucidating the mechanism by which these organism-environment interactions are mediated physiologically and molecularly. These studies set the stage for future investigations of shared functional polymorphisms across species as a new genetic tool for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G. Sweeney
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Juliette M. Rando
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Helen N. Panas
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Gregory M. Miller
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Donna M. Platt
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Eric J. Vallender
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
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Katsarou MS, Karakonstantis K, Demertzis N, Vourakis E, Skarpathioti A, Nosyrev AE, Tsatsakis A, Kalogridis T, Drakoulis N. Effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADH1B, ADH4, ADH1C, OPRM1, DRD2, BDNF, and ALDH2 genes on alcohol dependence in a Caucasian population. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 28805974 PMCID: PMC5684860 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a frequently used addictive substance worldwide. Aim of this study is to determine the frequency distribution of SNPs within ADH1B,ADH4,ADH1C,ALDH2, BDNF,OPRM1, and DRD2 genes in a southeastern European Caucasian population from Greece. For this purpose samples of 1276 volunteers were analyzed after deidentification and anonymization. The allele distribution of the examined polymorphisms in the present Greek population cohort was as follows: rs1229984 (ADH1B): GG(wt) = 64.14%, GA = 29.86%, AA = 4.00%; rs1693482 (ADH1C): CC(wt) = 57.45%, CT = 36.76%, TT = 5.80%; rs1799971 (OPRM1): AA(wt) = 72.43%, AG = 28.72%, GG = 1.89%; rs1800497 (DRD2): CC(wt) = 70.84%, CT = 27.18%, TT = 1.98%; rs1800759 (ADH4): CC(wt) = 34.25%, CA = 48.12%, AA = 17.63%; rs6265 (BDNF): GG(wt) = 65.99%, GA = 31.02%, AA = 2.99%; and rs671 (ALDH2): GG(wt) = 99.84% GA = 0.16%, AA = 0.00%. Mutant rs1229984 allele A was ~6.5× more frequent in the Greek than in the European population. Mutant rs1693482 allele T was ~1.7× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population. Mutant alleles for polymorphisms rs1800759 and rs1799971 show similar frequencies in both northern and southern Europeans. One rs671 mutant A allele was detected in the Greek population (0.08%). The mutant rs1800497 allele T was ~1.2× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population and the mutant rs6265 allele A was ~1.1× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population. An alcohol addiction‐specific algorithm was generated (TGS) that may predict alcohol addiction prevalence in a population. According to our findings, the analyzed Southeastern population may differ genetically from north Europeans due to influences from neighboring Asian and African populations and a calculated TGS score >50 indicates individuals with low susceptibility to develop alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha-Spyridoula Katsarou
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karakonstantis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Demertzis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Vourakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Aspasia Skarpathioti
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Aleksandr E Nosyrev
- Central Chemical Laboratory of Toxicology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Theodoris Kalogridis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
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Randesi M, Levran O, Correa da Rosa J, Hankins J, Rule J, Kreek MJ, Lee WM. Association of Variants of Arginine Vasopressin and Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1A With Severe Acetaminophen Liver Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:500-505. [PMID: 28462386 PMCID: PMC5404026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acetaminophen-related acute liver injury and liver failure (ALF) result from ingestion of supratherapeutic quantities of this analgesic, frequently in association with other forms of substance abuse including alcohol, opioids, and cocaine. Thus, overdosing represents a unique high-risk behavior associated with other forms of drug use disorder. METHODS We examined a series of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes related to impulsivity and/or stress responsivity that may modify response to stress. Study subjects were 229 white patients admitted to tertiary care liver centers for ALF that was determined to be due to acetaminophen toxicity after careful review of historical and biochemical data. Identification of relevant SNPs used Sanger sequencing, TaqMan, or custom microarray. Association tests were carried out to compare genotype frequencies between patients and healthy white controls. RESULTS The mean age was 37 years, and 75.6% were female, with similar numbers classified as intentional overdose or unintentional (without suicidal intent, occurring for a period of several days, usually due to pain). There was concomitant alcohol abuse in 30%, opioid use in 33.6%, and use of other drugs of abuse in 30.6%. The genotype frequencies of 2 SNPs were found to be significantly different between the cases and controls, specifically SNP rs2282018 in the arginine vasopressin gene (AVP, odds ratio 1.64) and SNP rs11174811 in the AVP receptor 1A gene (AVPR1A, odds ratio 1.89), both of which have been previously linked to a drug use disorder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Patients who develop acetaminophen-related ALF have increased frequency of gene variants that may cause altered stress responsivity, which has been shown to be associated with other unrelated substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Randesi
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Orna Levran
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Julia Hankins
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jody Rule
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - William M. Lee
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: William M. Lee, MD, FACP, FAASLD, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5959 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite 420, Dallas, Texas 75390-8887. fax: (214) 645–6114.Division of Digestive and Liver DiseasesUT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas5959 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite 420DallasTexas 75390-8887
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Shakiba M, Hashemi M, Rahbari Z, Mahdar S, Danesh H, Bizhani F, Bahari G. Lack of Association between Human µ-Opioid Receptor (<em>OPRM1</em>) Gene Polymorphisms and Heroin Addiction in A Sample of Southeast Iranian Population. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2017.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to more than 50% of the variation in the vulnerability to alcohol dependence (AD). Although significant advances have been made in medications for AD, these medications do not work for all people. Precise tailoring of medicinal strategies for individual alcoholic patients is needed to achieve optimal outcomes. This review updates the most promising information on genetic variants in AD, which may be useful for improving diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring strategies. We describe genetic candidates of various neurotransmitter and enzyme systems. In addition to biological and allelic associations with AD, genetic effects on AD-related phenotypes and treatment responses have also been described. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions have been considered. Potential applications of genomewide and epigenetic approaches for identifying genetic biomarkers of AD have been discussed. Overall, the application of genetic findings in precision medicine for AD will likely involve an integrated approach that distinguishes effect sizes of specific genetic predictors with regard to sex, pharmacotherapy, ethnicity, and AD-related aspects and considers gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Our work may pave the way toward more precise treatment for AD that could ultimately improve clinical management and interventions.
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Cservenka A, Yardley MM, Ray LA. Review: Pharmacogenetics of alcoholism treatment: Implications of ethnic diversity. Am J Addict 2016; 26:516-525. [PMID: 28134463 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pharmacogenetic studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have suggested that the efficacy of treatments for AUD is, in part, influenced by the genetic background of an individual. Since the frequency of alleles associated with pharmacotherapy for AUD varies by ancestral background, the effectiveness of medications used to treat AUD may vary among different populations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing pharmacogenetic studies of treatments for AUD in individuals of European, East Asian, African, and American Indian/Alaska Native ancestry. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for pharmacogenetic studies of AUD treatment that included individuals of diverse ancestral backgrounds. RESULTS Pharmacogenetic studies of AUD reviewed here have primarily investigated genetic variation thought to play a role in the response to naltrexone, ondansetron, and topiramate. There is support that the A118G polymorphism should be further investigated in individuals of East Asian ancestry. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Given the lack of pharmacogenetic research on response to AUD medication in ethnic minority populations and the mixed results, there is a critical need for future studies among individuals of different ancestries. More efforts should be devoted to standardizing procedures such that results can be more readily integrated into a body of literature that can directly inform clinical practice. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This review highlights the importance for future research to aim for inclusiveness in pharmacogenetic studies of AUD and increase diversity of clinical trials in order to provide the best treatment outcomes for individuals across different racial and ethnic groups. (Am J Addict 2017;26:516-525).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cservenka
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Megan M Yardley
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Variants of opioid system genes are associated with non-dependent opioid use and heroin dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 168:164-169. [PMID: 27664554 PMCID: PMC6842569 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease. Genetic factors are involved in the development of drug addiction. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific variants in genes of the opioid system are associated with non-dependent opioid use and heroin dependence. METHODS Genetic information from four subject groups was collected: non-dependent opioid users (NOD) [n=163]; opioid-dependent (OD) patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) [n=143]; opioid-dependent MMT-resistant patients in heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) [n=138]; and healthy controls with no history of opioid use (HC) [n=153]. Eighty-two variants in eight opioid system genes were studied. To establish the role of these genes in (a) non-dependent opioid use, and (b) heroin dependence, the following groups were compared: HC vs. NOD; HC vs. OD (MMT+HAT); and NOD vs. OD (MMT+HAT). RESULTS Five unique SNPs in four genes showed nominally significant associations with non-dependent opioid use and heroin dependence. The association of the delta opioid receptor (OPRD1) intronic SNP rs2236861 with non-dependent opioid use (HC vs. NOD) remained significant after correction for multiple testing (OR=0.032; pcorrected=0.015). This SNP exhibited a significant gene-gene interaction with prepronociceptin (PNOC) SNP rs2722897 (OR=5.24; pcorrected=0.041) (HC vs. NOD). CONCLUSIONS This study identifies several new and some previously reported associations of variants with heroin dependence and with non-dependent opioid use, an important and difficult to obtain group not extensively studied previously. Further studies are warranted to confirm and elucidate the potential roles of these variants in the vulnerability to illicit drug use and drug addiction.
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Grigson PS. Addiction: A preclinical and clinical analysis. Brain Res Bull 2016; 123:1-4. [PMID: 27005437 PMCID: PMC5676458 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schwantes-An TH, Zhang J, Chen LS, Hartz SM, Culverhouse RC, Chen X, Coon H, Frank J, Kamens HM, Konte B, Kovanen L, Latvala A, Legrand LN, Maher BS, Melroy WE, Nelson EC, Reid MW, Robinson JD, Shen PH, Yang BZ, Andrews JA, Aveyard P, Beltcheva O, Brown SA, Cannon DS, Cichon S, Corley RP, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Foroud T, Gaebel W, Giegling I, Glatt SJ, Grucza RA, Hardin J, Hartmann AM, Heath AC, Herms S, Hodgkinson CA, Hoffmann P, Hops H, Huizinga D, Ising M, Johnson EO, Johnstone E, Kaneva RP, Kendler KS, Kiefer F, Kranzler HR, Krauter KS, Levran O, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Martin NG, Mattheisen M, Montgomery GW, Müller-Myhsok B, Murphy MF, Neale MC, Nikolov MA, Nishita D, Nöthen MM, Nurnberger J, Partonen T, Pergadia ML, Reynolds M, Ridinger M, Rose RJ, Rouvinen-Lagerström N, Scherbaum N, Schmäl C, Soyka M, Stallings MC, Steffens M, Treutlein J, Tsuang M, Wall TL, Wodarz N, Yuferov V, Zill P, Bergen AW, Chen J, Cinciripini PM, Edenberg HJ, Ehringer MA, Ferrell RE, Gelernter J, Goldman D, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Iacono WG, Kaprio J, Kreek MJ, Kremensky IM, Madden PAF, McGue M, Munafò MR, Philibert RA, Rietschel M, Roy A, Rujescu D, Saarikoski ST, Swan GE, Todorov AA, Vanyukov MM, Weiss RB, Bierut LJ, Saccone NL. Association of the OPRM1 Variant rs1799971 (A118G) with Non-Specific Liability to Substance Dependence in a Collaborative de novo Meta-Analysis of European-Ancestry Cohorts. Behav Genet 2016; 46:151-69. [PMID: 26392368 PMCID: PMC4752855 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mu1 opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, has long been a high-priority candidate for human genetic studies of addiction. Because of its potential functional significance, the non-synonymous variant rs1799971 (A118G, Asn40Asp) in OPRM1 has been extensively studied, yet its role in addiction has remained unclear, with conflicting association findings. To resolve the question of what effect, if any, rs1799971 has on substance dependence risk, we conducted collaborative meta-analyses of 25 datasets with over 28,000 European-ancestry subjects. We investigated non-specific risk for "general" substance dependence, comparing cases dependent on any substance to controls who were non-dependent on all assessed substances. We also examined five specific substance dependence diagnoses: DSM-IV alcohol, opioid, cannabis, and cocaine dependence, and nicotine dependence defined by the proxy of heavy/light smoking (cigarettes-per-day >20 vs. ≤ 10). The G allele showed a modest protective effect on general substance dependence (OR = 0.90, 95% C.I. [0.83-0.97], p value = 0.0095, N = 16,908). We observed similar effects for each individual substance, although these were not statistically significant, likely because of reduced sample sizes. We conclude that rs1799971 contributes to mechanisms of addiction liability that are shared across different addictive substances. This project highlights the benefits of examining addictive behaviors collectively and the power of collaborative data sharing and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8232, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8232, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Li-Shiun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah M Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert C Culverhouse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Helen M Kamens
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Leena Kovanen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Lisa N Legrand
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Whitney E Melroy
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mark W Reid
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Jason D Robinson
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Section of Human Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bao-Zhu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | | | - Paul Aveyard
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Beltcheva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dale S Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department. of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4003, Switzerland
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Ökumenisches Hainich-Klinikum, Mühlhausen/Thüringen, Germany
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jill Hardin
- Center for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department. of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4003, Switzerland
| | - Colin A Hodgkinson
- Section of Human Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department. of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4003, Switzerland
| | - Hyman Hops
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - David Huizinga
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric O Johnson
- Behavioral Health Research Division, Research Triangle Institute International, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Elaine Johnstone
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Radka P Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ken S Krauter
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Orna Levran
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael T Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8BB, UK
| | | | - Karl Mann
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department. of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | | | - Michael F Murphy
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Michael C Neale
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Momchil A Nikolov
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denise Nishita
- Center for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department. of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Michele L Pergadia
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maureen Reynolds
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 8548, Regensburg, Germany
- Psychiatric Hospital, Konigsfelden, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Noora Rouvinen-Lagerström
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Addiction Research Group at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Schmäl
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, 3860, Munich, Germany
- Private Hospital Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Michael Steffens
- Research Department, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 8548, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vadim Yuferov
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, USA
| | | | - Andrew W Bergen
- Center for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Paul M Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Robert E Ferrell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Section of Human Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Christian J Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Ivo M Kremensky
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | | | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alec Roy
- Psychiatry Service, Department of Veteran Affairs, New Jersey VA Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sirkku T Saarikoski
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Gary E Swan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alexandre A Todorov
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael M Vanyukov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Robert B Weiss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nancy L Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8232, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Abstract
This narrative review provides an overview of the epidemiology of binge eating disorder (BED), highlighting the medical history of this disorder and its entry as an independent condition in the Feeding and Eating Disorders section of the recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Estimates of prevalence are provided, as well as recognition that the female to male ratio is lower in BED than in other eating disorders. Evidence is also provided of the most common comorbidities of BED, including mood and anxiety disorders and a range of addiction disorders. In addition, discussion of the viewpoint that BED itself may be an addiction - at least in severe cases - is presented. Although the genetic study of BED is still in its infancy, current research is reviewed with a focus on certain neurotransmitter genes that regulate brain reward mechanisms. To date, a focal point of this research has been on the dopamine and the μ-opioid receptor genes. Preliminary evidence suggests that a predisposing risk factor for BED may be a heightened sensitivity to reward, which could manifest as a strong dopamine signal in the brain's striatal region. Caution is encouraged, however, in the interpretation of current findings, since samples are relatively small in much of the research. To date, no genome-wide association studies have focused exclusively on BED.
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45
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Gold MS, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K. A Shared Molecular and Genetic Basis for Food and Drug Addiction: Overcoming Hypodopaminergic Trait/State by Incorporating Dopamine Agonistic Therapy in Psychiatry. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2015; 38:419-62. [PMID: 26300032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the shared molecular and neurogenetics of food and drug addiction tied to the understanding of reward deficiency syndrome. Reward deficiency syndrome describes a hypodopaminergic trait/state that provides a rationale for commonality in approaches for treating long-term reduced dopamine function across the reward brain regions. The identification of the role of DNA polymorphic associations with reward circuitry has resulted in new understanding of all addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gold
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, 2300 Windy Ridge Parkway South East, Suite 210S, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA; Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Radiochemistry and Molecular and Functioning Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Community Mental Health Institute, University of Vermont College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, 211 Circuit Drive, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, Atlanta, GA, USA
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46
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Bilbao A, Robinson JE, Heilig M, Malanga CJ, Spanagel R, Sommer WH, Thorsell A. A pharmacogenetic determinant of mu-opioid receptor antagonist effects on alcohol reward and consumption: evidence from humanized mice. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:850-8. [PMID: 25442002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that therapeutic responses to naltrexone in alcoholism are moderated by variation at the mu-opioid receptor gene locus (OPRM1). This remains controversial because human results vary and no prospectively genotyped studies have been reported. We generated humanized mice carrying the respective human OPRM1 A118G alleles. Here, we used this model system to examine the role of OPRM1 A118G variation for opioid antagonist effects on alcohol responses. METHODS Effects of naltrexone on alcohol reward were examined using intracranial self-stimulation. Effects of naltrexone or nalmefene on alcohol intake were examined in continuous access home cage two-bottle free-choice drinking and operant alcohol self-administration paradigms. RESULTS Alcohol lowered brain stimulation reward thresholds in 118GG mice in a manner characteristic of rewarding drugs, and this effect was blocked by naltrexone. Brain stimulation reward thresholds were unchanged by alcohol or naltrexone in 118AA mice. In the home cage, increased alcohol intake emerged in 118GG mice with increasing alcohol concentrations and was 33% higher at 17% alcohol. At this concentration, naltrexone selectively suppressed alcohol intake in 118GG animals to a level virtually identical to that of 118AA mice. No effect of naltrexone was found in the latter group. Similarly, both naltrexone and nalmefene were more effective in suppressing operant alcohol self-administration in 118GG mice. CONCLUSIONS In a model that allows close experimental control, OPRM1 A118G variation robustly moderates effects of opioid antagonism on alcohol reward and consumption. These findings strongly support a personalized medicine approach to alcoholism treatment that takes into account OPRM1 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Bilbao
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Elliott Robinson
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Markus Heilig
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden
| | - C J Malanga
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden.
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Roche DJ, Ray LA. Subjective response as a consideration in the pharmacogenetics of alcoholism treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:721-36. [PMID: 25950242 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available pharmacological treatments for alcoholism have modest efficacy and high individual variability in treatment outcomes, both of which have been partially attributed to genetic factors. One path to reducing the variability and improving the efficacy associated with these pharmacotherapies may be to identify overlapping genetic contributions to individual differences in both subjective responses to alcohol and alcoholism pharmacotherapy outcomes. As acute subjective response to alcohol is highly predictive of future alcohol related problems, identifying such shared genetic mechanisms may inform the development of personalized treatments that can effectively target converging pathophysiological mechanisms that convey risk for alcoholism. The focus of this review is to revisit the association between subjective response to alcohol and the etiology of alcoholism while also describing genetic contributions to this relationship, discuss potential pharmacogenetic approaches to target subjective response to alcohol in order to improve the treatment of alcoholism and examine conceptual and methodological issues associated with these topics, and outline future approaches to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jo Roche
- 1Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- 1Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
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48
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Zhang Y, Picetti R, Butelman ER, Ho A, Blendy JA, Kreek MJ. Mouse model of the OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism: differential heroin self-administration behavior compared with wild-type mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1091-100. [PMID: 25336208 PMCID: PMC4367451 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mu-opioid receptors (MOPRs) are the target of heroin and other prescription opioids, which are currently responsible for massive addiction morbidity in the US. The gene coding for the human MOPR (OPRM1) has an important functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), A118G. The OPRM1 A118G genotype results in substantially increased risk of heroin addiction in humans; however, the neurobiological mechanism for this increased risk is not fully understood. This study examined heroin self-administration (SA) behavior in A112G (G/G) mice, harboring a functionally equivalent SNP in Oprm1 with a similar amino acid substitution, in extended (4 h) SA sessions. Adult male and female G/G mice and 'wild-type' litter mates (A/A) were allowed to self-administer heroin (0.25 mg/kg/unit dose, FR1 with a nose poke response) for 4 h/day, for 10 consecutive days. Half of the mice then continued in a heroin dose-response study, while extinction from heroin SA was studied in the other half. In vivo microdialysis was used to measure acute heroin-induced increases of striatal dopamine in the GG vs AA genotypes. Male and female G/G mice responded for heroin significantly more (and thus had greater intake) than A/A mice, in the initial 10 days of heroin SA, and in the subsequent dose-response study. There were no significant differences in extinction of SA between the A/A and G/G mice. Heroin-induced increases in striatal dopamine levels are higher in the GG mice than in the AA mice. Both male and female G/G mice self-administered more heroin than did A/A mice over a 10-day period, possibly because of the greater increases of heroin-induced striatal dopamine in the GG mice. Furthermore, G/G male mice escalated the amount of heroin self-administration across 10 extended-access sessions more than A/A male mice did. These are the first studies to examine the acquisition of heroin SA in this mouse model. These studies may lead to a better understanding of the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms that underlie greater risk of heroin addiction in carriers of the A118G SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA,The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: +212 327 8490, Fax: +212 327 8574, E-mail:
| | - Roberto Picetti
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Ho
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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49
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Jones JD, Comer SD, Kranzler HR. The pharmacogenetics of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:391-402. [PMID: 25703505 PMCID: PMC4348335 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annually, the use and abuse of alcohol contributes to millions of deaths and billions of dollars in societal costs. To determine the impact of genetic variation on the susceptibility to the disorder and its response to treatment, studies have been conducted to assess the contribution of a variety of candidate genetic variants. These variants, which we review here, were chosen based upon their observed or hypothesized functional relevance to alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk or to the mechanism by which medications used to treat the disorder exert their effects. METHODS This qualitative review examines studies in which candidate polymorphisms were tested as moderator variables to identify pharmacogenetic effects on either the subjective response to alcohol or the outcomes of pharmacotherapy. RESULTS Although findings from these studies provide evidence of a number of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic effects, the literature is limited and there are conflicting findings that require resolution. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacogenetic studies of AUD treatment that use greater methodological rigor and better statistical controls, such as corrections for multiple testing, may help to resolve inconsistent findings. These procedures could also lead to the discovery of more robust and clinically meaningful moderator effects. As the field evolves through methodological standardization and the use of larger study samples, pharmacogenetic research has the potential to inform clinical care by enhancing therapeutic effects and personalizing treatments. These efforts may also provide insights into the mechanisms by which medications reduce heavy drinking or promote abstinence in patients with an AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine D Jones
- Division on Substance Abuse , New York State Psychiatric Institute & Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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50
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Krupitsky ЕМ, Kibitov АО, Blokhina ЕА, Verbitskaya ЕV, Brodyansky VМ, Alekseeva NP, Bushara NМ, Yaroslavtseva ТS, Palatkin VY, Masalov DV, Burakov АМ, Romanova ТN, Sulimov GY, Kosten Т, Nielsen D, Zvartau EE, Woody D. [Stabilization of remission in patients with opioid dependence with naltrexone implant: a pharmacogenetic approach]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:14-23. [PMID: 26288297 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151154214-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of opioid receptor genes and dopamine system genes polymorphisms on treatment outcomes of opioid dependence with implantable and oral naltrexone. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors carried out a randomized double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Three hundred and six patients with opioid dependence were randomized into 3 equal treatment groups. The first group received implantation of 1000 mg naltrexone every 2 months during 6 months + oral naltrexone placebo; the second group - placebo implant every 2 months + oral naltrexone (50mg/day) and the third group - placebo implant + oral naltrexone placebo. It was genotyped polymorphisms in the following genes: mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1), kappa-opioid receptor (OPRK1), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine receptors types 2 (DRD2) and 4 (DRD4), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter (DAT1). RESULTS Regardless of treatment several polymorphisms of these genes were associated with high risk of relapse: an allele L (2R) DRD4 120bp (p=0.05; OR (95% CI)=3.3(1.1-10.1)); an allele С DRD2 NcoI (р=0,051; OR (95% CI)=2,86 (1,09-7,52)); the genotype 9.9 DAT VNTR 40bp (р=0,04; OR (95% CI)=1,4 (1,3-1,5)); on the contrary, (СС+СТ)-(ТТ)) variants of OPRK1-DRD2Ncol increased a chance to complete treatment program (р=0,004; OR (95% CI)=7.4 (1.8-30.4)), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (р=0,016). The probability of completing treatment program by the carriers of these variants was higher in the oral naltrexone group (p=0.016), lower in the double placebo group (p=0.015), but did not influence on treatment outcomes in the naltrexone-implant group. CONCLUSION Naltrexone-implant is a highly effective medication for treatment of opioid dependence and its effectiveness exceeds that of oral naltrexone and placebo. The study has shown the joint influence of opioid receptor genes and genes of dopaminergic system on treatment outcomes of opioid dependence. Genetic analysis is useful for determining potential responders to naltrexone treatment of opioid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Е М Krupitsky
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg; Bekhterev St. Petersburg Research Psychoneurological Institute, St. Petersburg
| | - А О Kibitov
- National Research Center of Narcology, Moscow
| | - Е А Blokhina
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - Е V Verbitskaya
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | | | - N P Alekseeva
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - N М Bushara
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - Т S Yaroslavtseva
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - V Ya Palatkin
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - D V Masalov
- Leningrad Oblast Narcology Dispensary, Leningrad Oblast
| | - А М Burakov
- Leningrad Oblast Narcology Dispensary, Leningrad Oblast
| | - Т N Romanova
- Leningrad Oblast Narcology Dispensary, Leningrad Oblast
| | | | - Т Kosten
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - D Nielsen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - E E Zvartau
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - D Woody
- Pennsylvanian University, USA
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