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Holen B, Kutrolli G, Shadrin AA, Icick R, Hindley G, Rødevand L, O'Connell KS, Frei O, Parker N, Tesfaye M, Deak JD, Jahołkowski P, Dale AM, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Smeland OB. Genome-wide analyses reveal shared genetic architecture and novel risk loci between opioid use disorder and general cognitive ability. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111058. [PMID: 38244365 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD), a serious health burden worldwide, is associated with lower cognitive function. Recent studies have demonstrated a negative genetic correlation between OUD and general cognitive ability (COG), indicating a shared genetic basis. However, the specific genetic variants involved, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to quantify and identify the genetic basis underlying OUD and COG. METHODS We quantified the extent of genetic overlap between OUD and COG using a bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) and identified specific genetic loci applying conditional/conjunctional FDR. Finally, we investigated biological function and expression of implicated genes using available resources. RESULTS We estimated that ~94% of OUD variants (4.8k out of 5.1k variants) also influence COG. We identified three novel OUD risk loci and one locus shared between OUD and COG. Loci identified implicated biological substrates in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSION We provide new insights into the complex genetic risk architecture of OUD and its genetic relationship with COG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Holen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway.
| | - Gleda Kutrolli
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Romain Icick
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway; INSERM UMR-S1144, Université Paris Cité, F-75006, France
| | - Guy Hindley
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Nadine Parker
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joseph D Deak
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Piotr Jahołkowski
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway.
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Keleş DB, Bilici R, Ayık B, Kılıç MK, Kliewer W. Comparing attention, impulsivity, and executive functions between patients with opiate use disorder: Buprenorphine maintenance treatment versus active users, in comparison with healthy controls. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:90-97. [PMID: 38419927 PMCID: PMC10898529 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_520_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Opioid use disorders (OUDs) affect over 16 million people worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence rate in Asia. OUDs are associated with significant health consequences, including neurocognitive impairment, which affects individuals' ability to make decisions, respond to stressful situations, and regulate behavior. Understanding the specific ways in which OUDs affect cognitive functioning is important in treatment considerations. Methods This study compared the attention, impulsivity, and executive functions of Turkish men with active OUD (n = 40) with those of men in remission from OUD who were on buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance (BMT; n = 41) and with those of a comparison group of healthy controls (HC; n = 43). The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was used to assess neurocognitive functioning. Results Analyses found significant impairment in measures of continuous attention, cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and executive functions in the two patient groups compared to the control group, but the two patient groups did not differ from each other. Conclusion The data from this study indicate that individuals with OUD exhibit neurocognitive damage, and those in remission from OUD who receive maintenance treatment do not show improvement in this domain. Neurocognitive damages should be considered in long-term treatment planning of patients with OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Beşikci Keleş
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Erenkoy, Turkey
| | - Rabia Bilici
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Erenkoy, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Ayık
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Erenkoy, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Koray Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Erenkoy, Turkey
| | - Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond VA, US
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Wheeler AR, Truckenbrod LM, Cooper EM, Betzhold SM, Setlow B, Orsini CA. Effects of fentanyl self-administration on risk-taking behavior in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2529-2544. [PMID: 37612455 PMCID: PMC10878692 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) exhibit impaired decision making and elevated risk-taking behavior. In contrast to the effects of natural and semi-synthetic opioids, however, the impact of synthetic opioids on decision making is still unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study was to determine how chronic exposure to the synthetic opioid fentanyl alters risk-based decision making in adult male rats. METHODS Male rats underwent 14 days of intravenous fentanyl or oral sucrose self-administration. After 3 weeks of abstinence, rats were tested in a decision-making task in which they chose between a small, safe food reward and a large food reward accompanied by variable risk of footshock punishment. Following testing in the decision-making task, rats were tested in control assays that assessed willingness to work for food and shock reactivity. Lastly, rats were tested on a probabilistic reversal learning task to evaluate enduring effects of fentanyl on behavioral flexibility. RESULTS Relative to rats in the sucrose group, rats in the fentanyl group displayed greater choice of the large, risky reward (risk taking), an effect that was present as long as 7 weeks into abstinence. This increased risk taking was driven by enhanced sensitivity to the large rewards and diminished sensitivity to punishment. The fentanyl-induced elevation in risk taking was not accompanied by alterations in food motivation or shock reactivity or impairments in behavioral flexibility. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current study reveal that the synthetic opioid fentanyl leads to long-lasting increases in risk taking in male rats. Future experiments will extend this work to females and identify neural mechanisms that underlie these drug-induced changes in risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa-Rae Wheeler
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Leah M Truckenbrod
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Emily M Cooper
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sara M Betzhold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caitlin A Orsini
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychology & Neurology, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601B Trinity Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Loftis JM, Ramani S, Firsick EJ, Hudson R, Le-Cook A, Murnane KS, Vandenbark A, Shirley RL. Immunotherapeutic treatment of inflammation in mice exposed to methamphetamine. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259041. [PMID: 38025429 PMCID: PMC10666795 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications to treat methamphetamine addiction, including the inflammatory, neurotoxic, and adverse neuropsychiatric effects. We have shown that partial (p)MHC class II constructs (i.e., Recombinant T-cell receptor Ligand - RTL1000), comprised of the extracellular α1 and β1 domains of MHC class II molecules linked covalently to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-35-55 peptide, can address the neuroimmune effects of methamphetamine addiction through its ability to bind to and down-regulate CD74 expression, block macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) signaling, and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). The present study evaluated the effects of our third-generation pMHC II construct, DRmQ, on cognitive function and concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the frontal cortex, a region critical for cognitive functions such as memory, impulse control, and problem solving. Methods Female and male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to methamphetamine (or saline) via subcutaneous (s.c.) injections administered four times per day every other day for 14 days. Following methamphetamine exposure, mice received immunotherapy (DRmQ or ibudilast) or vehicle s.c. injections daily for five days. Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test (NORT). To evaluate the effects of immunotherapy on inflammation in the frontal cortex, multiplex immunoassays were conducted. ANOVA was used to compare exploration times on the NORT and immune factor concentrations. Results Post hoc analysis revealed increased novel object exploration time in MA-DRmQ treated mice, as compared to MA-VEH treated mice (non-significant trend). One-way ANOVA detected a significant difference across the groups in the concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) (p = 0.03). Post hoc tests indicated that mice treated with methamphetamine and DRmQ or ibudilast had significantly lower levels of MIP-2 in frontal cortex, as compared to mice treated with methamphetamine and vehicle (p > 0.05). Discussion By specifically targeting CD74, our DRQ constructs can block the signaling of MIF, inhibiting the downstream signaling and pro-inflammatory effects that contribute to and perpetuate methamphetamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Methamphetamine Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sankrith Ramani
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Evan J. Firsick
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rebekah Hudson
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anh Le-Cook
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kevin S. Murnane
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Arthur Vandenbark
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Colzato L, Elmers J, Xu X, Zhou Q, Hommel B, Beste C. Regaining control over opioid use? The potential application of auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation to improve opioid treatment in China. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13343. [PMID: 37855071 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a critical problem in China and is accompanied by depression and deficits in cognitive control. In China, the most successful intervention for OUD is the community drug rehabilitation where methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) plays a key role. Even though methadone for the treatment of OUD can be helpful, it can cause severe somatic side-effects, which limit its effectivity. Even worse, it can have detrimental effects on cognitive control, which is crucial to regain control over drug intake. Here, we consider the potential use of auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS) as an addition to MMT for opioid withdrawal treatment. Compared to other non-invasive brain stimulation methods, atVNS also targets the locus coeruleus (LC) important for noradrenaline (NA) synthesis. NA is an essential neurotransmitter impacted in opioid withdrawal and also critically involved in cognitive control processes. Its ADD-ON to MMT might be a useful mean to improve mood and enhance cognitive control processes impacted in OUD. We discuss the translational advantages of atVNS in China such as the cultural acceptance of the modality of treatment similar to electroacupuncture. Additionally, the wearability of the ear electrode and at-home self-administration without intense medical supervision makes of atVNS a useful tool to enhance clinical and cognitive outcomes especially in everyday life situation. We discuss how atVNS can be integrated in tele-medical health approaches allowing that innovative treatments can widely be disseminated and continued even in situations of restricted medical access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
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Khani F, Pourmotabbed A, Hosseinmardi N, Alaee E, Fathollahi Y, Azizi H. Acute adolescent morphine exposure improves dark avoidance memory and enhances long-term potentiation of ventral hippocampal CA1 during adulthood in rats. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13308. [PMID: 37500490 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a distinctive vulnerable period when exposure to stressful situations including opioid exposure can entail lasting effects on brain and can change neural mechanisms involved in memory formation for drug-associated cues, possibly increasing vulnerability of adolescents to addiction. Herein, the effects of acute adolescent morphine exposure (AAME, two injections of 2.5 mg/kg SC morphine on PND 31) were therefore investigated 6 weeks later (adulthood) on avoidance memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in transvers slices from the ventral hippocampus in adult male rats using field recordings technique. Animal body weight was measured from PND 31 throughout PND 40 and also in four time points with 1 week intervals from adolescence to adulthood (PNDs 48, 55, 62 and 69) to evaluate the effect of AAME on the weight gain. We showed that there were no effects on body weight, anxiety-like behaviour and locomotor activity, even until adulthood. There was an improved dark avoidance memory during adulthood. Finally, AAME had no effects on baseline synaptic responses and resulted in a decrease in the mean values of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential slopes required to evoke the half-maximal population spike amplitude and an enhancement of LTP magnitude (%) in the ventral CA1 during adulthood. Briefly, our results suggest long-lasting effects of acute adolescent morphine exposure on the ventral hippocampus, which begin the enhancing of synaptic plasticity and the improving of emotional memory in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pourmotabbed
- Department of Physiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Narges Hosseinmardi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Alaee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Vella A, Savona-Ventura C, Mahmood T. Harmful effects of opioid use in pregnancy: A scientific review commissioned by the European Board and College of obstetrics and gynaecology (EBCOG). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 286:70-75. [PMID: 37216740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Caring for pregnant women who have a recreational opioid use disorder is a common clinical challenge in modern obstetric care. These are an elusive population who often have multiple social issues that complicate their pregnancy management. Comprehensive and supportive maternal care can motivate these mothers to change her lifestyle. Multidisciplinary non-judgemental approach with appropriate medication and management, can result in good pregnancy outcomes for mother and her baby.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Savona-Ventura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Malta, Member EBCOG Standing Committee on Standards of Care and Position Statements, Malta; Member of the EBCOG Standing Committee on Standards of Care and Position Statements, Malta
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy and Spire Murrayfield Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Member of the EBCOG Standing Committee on Standards of Care and Position Statements, Malta
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Berenbaum JG, Nadkarni PA, Marvel CL. An fMRI analysis of verbal and non-verbal working memory in people with a past history of opioid dependence. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1053500. [PMID: 37090800 PMCID: PMC10113507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1053500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Working memory describes the ability to maintain and manipulate information held in mind, and it is a fundamental aspect of executive function. Within drug addiction, impairments of executive control over behavior are thought to lead to poor decision making and risky behaviors. Previous research has demonstrated working memory (WM) and executive function difficulties in opioid-dependent individuals, but the neural underpinnings of such impairments in this population are not well understood. Methods This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural mechanisms involved in WM in 13 opioid-dependent, methadone-maintained participants (OP) and 13 matched, healthy controls (HC). A Sternberg item-recognition task was administered with three conditions: (1) a "verbal" condition in which participants determined whether any six visually presented target letters matched a probe item that was presented 4-6 s later, (2) a "non-verbal" condition in which participants were presented with a Chinese character and, following a 4-6 s delay, determined whether the character matched the probe item, and (3) a "control" condition in which participants were presented with three horizontal lines and following the same delay, determined whether the lines matched a probe item (always the same three lines). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) contrasts focused on the delay (or "maintenance") phase for verbal and non-verbal conditions relative to the control condition. Results Accuracy on the WM task did not differ between groups, but the OP group was significantly slower to respond. The fMRI imaging results indicated differences in brain activity between the OP and HC groups. fMRI-guided regions of interest correlated with age of first alcohol and THC use, suggesting that early substance use, in addition to years of opioid-abuse, may have played a role in the OP group's WM performance. Discussion A deeper understanding of these neural differences between opioid-dependent individuals and their healthy control counterparts helps shed light on fundamental ways in which substance use impacts the brain and cognition, potentially opening up novel avenues for therapeutic targets to treat substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cherie L. Marvel
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Galkin SA, Bokhan NA. [Features of the reward-based decision-making in patients with alcohol use disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:37-43. [PMID: 36843457 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312302137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Foreign studies increasingly emphasize the role of reward-based cognitive decision-making and its contribution to alcohol and drug abuse. Unfortunately, such studies are extremely few in Russia. Given the importance of the insufficiency of cognitive functions, primarily the decision-making process based on reward, among the risk factors of addictive pathology, increasing the severity of alcoholism, reducing the effectiveness of its therapy and rehabilitation, research in this direction is extremely relevant. This review summarizes and systematizes current data on the features of the cognitive decision-making process based on reward in patients with alcohol dependence. An analysis of the literature has shown that reward-based decision making is an important component of addictive behavior. Patients with alcohol dependence, as well as people, who abuse alcohol, demonstrate clear impairment of this cognitive function. Thus, the relative value of diagnosing disorders in decision-making in modern psychiatry is beyond doubt. It is recommended to include the above tests in the diagnostic complex of a psychiatrist, along with standard psychometric tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Galkin
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia.,Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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Hauser KF, Ohene-Nyako M, Knapp PE. Accelerated brain aging with opioid misuse and HIV: New insights on the role of glially derived pro-inflammation mediators and neuronal chloride homeostasis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102653. [PMID: 36584655 PMCID: PMC9933139 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a national crisis and contributes to the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Emerging evidence and advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal that opioids per se can directly exacerbate the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Despite substantial inroads, the impact of OUD on the severity, development, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders is not fully understood. In this review, we explore current evidence that OUD and neuroHIV interact to accelerate cognitive deficits and enhance the neurodegenerative changes typically seen with aging, through their effects on neuroinflammation. We suggest new thoughts on the processes that may underlie accelerated brain aging, including dysregulation of neuronal inhibition, and highlight findings suggesting that opioids, through actions at the μ-opioid receptor, interact with HIV in the central nervous system to promote unique structural and functional comorbid deficits not seen in either OUD or neuroHIV alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0059, USA
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0059, USA.
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Warner NS, Hanson AC, Schulte PJ, Habermann EB, Warner DO, Mielke MM. Prescription opioids and longitudinal changes in cognitive function in older adults: A population-based observational study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:3526-3537. [PMID: 36117241 PMCID: PMC9771934 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are frequently prescribed to alleviate pain in older adults, yet the relationships between prescription opioids and long-term cognitive function are unclear. METHODS In this analysis of the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a longitudinal population-based cohort study of older adults with formal neuropsychological testing and cognitive evaluations performed every 15 months, the associations between prescription opioids, global and domain-specific cognitive function, and mild cognitive impairment were evaluated through time-dependent linear mixed effects and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Four thousand two hundred eighteen participants (51% male) were included with enrollment between 11/1/2004 and 4/1/2019 and median age of 76 (interquartile range 72, 82) years. Two thousand nine hundred seventy-seven subjects (71%) received at least 1 opioid prescription during a median follow-up of 7.5 (5.0, 10.7) years. Overall, there was an estimated 0.096 reduction in the global cognitive Z-score per year, including decreases of 0.050 in memory, 0.080 in language, 0.044 in visual-spatial cognition, and 0.112 in attention. In multivariable analyses, each receipt of an opioid prescription resulted in an additional -0.007 (95% CI -0.009, -0.005) change in global cognitive Z-score (p < 0.001), with significant effects seen in the domains of memory (-0.005, 95% CI -0.007, -0.003; p < 0.001), language (-0.002, 95% CI -0.003, 0.000; p = 0.024) and attention (-0.004, 95% CI -0.006, -0.002; p < 0.001) but not visual-spatial function (0.000, 95% CI -0.001, 0.001; p = 0.897). Opioid prescriptions were associated with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in adjusted analysis (hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.04, 1.42; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Prescription opioids are associated with small but statistically significant declines in long-term cognitive function in older adults, which may represent effects of opioids or other related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisseh S. Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andrew C. Hanson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Elizabeth B. Habermann
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David O. Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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12
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Jalali N, Khalili P, Bahrampour S, Mahmoudabadi M, Esmaeili Nadimi A, Jalali Z. Cross-sectional study of passive opiate smoking in relation to stroke and some of stroke attributable risk factors in women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16367. [PMID: 36180565 PMCID: PMC9523171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Opiate use is related to neuropathological disorders, stroke and stroke attributable risk factors. However, secondary exposure to opiate in relation to the above-mentioned complications is studied only in animal models and remains to be evaluated in human populations. We tested whether passive exposure to opiate is associated with stroke and the known stroke predictive factors. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 1541 never smoker women who participated in the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) with their husbands (2015–2017 recruitment phase). RCS is one of the 19 geographic districts of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN cohort study). Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between second-hand opiate exposure (husband opiate smoking after marriage) and the odds ratio of stroke and the following stroke risk factors and predictive parameters: overweight/obesity (BMI > 25), cholesterol (chol) > 200 mg/dl, fasting blood sugar (FBS) > 125 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein (LDL) > 100 mg/dl, triglyceride (TG) > = 150 mg/dl, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic headache. We observed a significant increased adjusted odds ratio (OR) of stroke (OR = 3.43, 95% CI:1.33–8.82) and its risk factors LDL > 100 mg/dl (OR = 1.37, 95% CI:1.01–1.87) and FBS > 125 mg/dl (OR = 1.58, 95% CI:1.08–2.30) in women associated with husbands’ opiate smoking. This relationship was observed after adjusting for the confounding parameters including age, education years, and first-degree family history of the relevant diseases. The increased odds ratio for stroke and high LDL displayed a dose-sensitive trend with years of husband’s opiate smoking after marriage (respective p-trends: 0.02 & 0.01). We did not observe a significant association between passive opiate smoking and high TG, high Chol or the diseases diabetes, hypertension and chronic headache. However, 89% increased odds ratio of chronic headache was observed to be associated with passive opiate smoking for more than 10 years (OR = 1.89, 95% CI:1.02–3.50). We found an increased risk of stroke and high LDL and FBS in women associated with passive opiate smoking. Furthermore, a dose-sensitive connection was found between the risks of stroke, high LDL and chronic headache with the years of passive opiate exposure. Our results point to the necessity of the future analyses, which further assess whether passive opiate exposure could be considered as an independent risk factor for stroke and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalili
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahrampour
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudabadi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjani University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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13
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Psomas CK, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Brown TT, Vance DE, Holman S, Plankey MW, Tien PC, Weber KM, Floris-Moore M, Bolivar HH, Golub ET, McDonnell Holstad M, Radtke KK, Tamraz B, Erlandson KM, Rubin LH, Sharma A. Polypharmacy Is Associated With Falls in Women With and Without HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 90:351-359. [PMID: 35333216 PMCID: PMC9203977 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging in people with HIV is associated with increased risk of developing synergistic conditions such as neurocognitive impairment, polypharmacy, and falls. We assessed associations between polypharmacy (use of 5 or more non-ART medications), use of neurocognitive adverse effects (NCAE) medications, and odds of falls in women with HIV (WWH) and without HIV (HIV-). METHODS Self-reported falls and medication use data were contributed semiannually by 1872 (1315 WWH and 557 HIV-) Women's Interagency HIV Study participants between 2014 and 2016. Polypharmacy and NCAE medication use were evaluated separately and jointly in multivariable models to assess their independent contributions to single and multiple falls risk. RESULTS The proportion of women who reported any fall was similar by HIV status (19%). WWH reported both greater polypharmacy (51% vs. 41%; P < 0.001) and NCAE medication use (44% vs. 37%; P = 0.01) than HIV- women. Polypharmacy conferred elevated odds of single fall [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.67, 95% CI: 1.36 to 2.06; P < 0.001] and multiple falls (aOR 2.31, 95% CI: 1.83 to 2.93; P < 0.001); the results for NCAE medications and falls were similar. Both polypharmacy and number of NCAE medications remained strongly and independently associated with falls in multivariable models adjusted for HIV serostatus, study site, sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and substance use. CONCLUSIONS Polypharmacy and NCAE medication use were greater among WWH compared with HIV-, and both were independently and incrementally related to falls. Deprescribing and avoidance of medications with NCAEs may be an important consideration for reducing fall risk among WWH and sociodemographically similar women without HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K Psomas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, European Hospital Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Donald R Hoover
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Qiuhu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Todd T Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David E Vance
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Susan Holman
- Department of Medicine/STAR Program, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Michael W Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of VA Medical Center, San Fransisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kathleen M Weber
- Department of Medicine, Cook County Health/CORE Center and Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Hector H Bolivar
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL
| | - Elizabeth T Golub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Kendra K Radtke
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bani Tamraz
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kristine M Erlandson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Leah H Rubin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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14
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Broman MJ, Bista S, Broman CL. Recanting substance use over time. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2087778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Broman
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Clifford L. Broman
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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15
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Cannabidiol effects on cognition in individuals with cocaine use disorder: Exploratory results from a randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 216:173376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Zhukovsky P, Savulich G, Morgan S, Dalley JW, Williams GB, Ersche KD. Morphometric similarity deviations in stimulant use disorder point towards abnormal brain ageing. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac079. [PMID: 35694145 PMCID: PMC9178962 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic drug use negatively impacts ageing, resulting in diminished health and quality of life. However, little is known about biomarkers of abnormal ageing in stimulant drug users. Using morphometric similarity network mapping, a novel approach to structural connectomics, we first mapped cross-sectional morphometric similarity trajectories of ageing in the publicly available Rockland Sample (20-80 years of age, n = 665). We then compared morphometric similarity and neuropsychological function between non-treatment-seeking, actively using patients with stimulant use disorder (n = 183, mean age 35.6 years) and healthy control participants (n = 148, mean age 36.0 years). Significantly altered mean regional morphometric similarity was found in 43 cortical regions including the inferior and orbital frontal gyri, pre/postcentral gyri and anterior temporal, superior parietal and occipital areas. Deviations from normative morphometric similarity trajectories in patients with stimulant use disorder suggested abnormal brain ageing. Furthermore, deficits in paired associates learning were consistent with neuropathology associated with both ageing and stimulant use disorder. Morphometric similarity mapping provides a promising biomarker for ageing in health and disease and may complement existing neuropsychological markers of age-related cognitive decline. Neuropathological ageing mechanisms in stimulant use disorder warrant further investigation to develop more age-appropriate treatments for older people addicted to stimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
| | - George Savulich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
| | - Sarah Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Guy B. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge UK
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cognitive deficits but little is known to what degree this is caused by genetically influenced traits, i.e. endophenotypes, present before the onset of the disorder. The aim of the current study was to investigate to what degree family history (FH) of AUD is associated with cognitive functions. METHODS Case-control cross-sectional study at an outpatient addiction research clinic. Treatment-seeking AUD patients (n = 106) were compared to healthy controls (HC; n = 90), matched for age and sex. The HC group was further subdivided into AUD FH positive (FH+; n = 47) or negative (FH-; n = 39) based on the Family Tree Questionnaire. Participants underwent psychiatric and substance use assessments, completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and performed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing response inhibition, decision making, attention, working memory, and emotional recognition. RESULTS Compared to HC, AUD patients exhibited elevated self-rated impulsivity (p < 0.001; d = 0.62), as well as significantly poorer response inhibition (p = 0.001; d = 0.51), attention (p = 0.021; d = 0.38) and information gathering in decision making (p = 0.073; d = 0.34). Similar to AUD patients, FH+ individuals exhibited elevated self-rated impulsivity (p = 0.096; d = 0.46), and in addition significantly worse future planning capacity (p < 0.001; d = 0.76) and prolonged emotional recognition response time (p = 0.010; d = 0.60) compared to FH-, while no other significant differences were found between FH+ and FH-. CONCLUSIONS Elevated impulsivity, poor performance in future planning and emotional processing speed may be potential cognitive endophenotypes in AUD. These cognitive domains represent putative targets for prevention strategies and treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Khemiri
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Franck
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Jian-Min C, Zhi-Yuan W, Shi-Xuan W, Rui S, Ning W, Jin L. Effects of Lisdexamfetamine, a Prodrug of D-Amphetamine, on Locomotion, Spatial Cognitive Processing and Neurochemical Profiles in Rats: A Comparison With Immediate-Release Amphetamine. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:885574. [PMID: 35558431 PMCID: PMC9086831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.885574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
D-amphetamine has been used to enhance cognitive performance over the last few decades. Due to the rapid absorption after administration, d-amphetamine shows narrow effective window and severe abuse potential. Lisdexamfetamine, a prodrug of d-amphetamine, reduces the magnitude of plasma d-amphetamine concentration and prolongs the action duration when compared with immediate-release d-amphetamine at equimolar doses. However, the differences of these two drugs, which produce distinct pharmacokinetic characteristics, in cognition improvement still unclear. In present study, we compared the effects of d-amphetamine (i.p) and lisdexamfetamine (p.o) at equimolar doses (0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg of d-amphetamine base) on locomotion, spatial working memory and recognition memory in rats. Given the crucial involvement of dopamine neurotransmitter system within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in cognitive processing, microdialysis was conducted to profile the difference in neurochemical characteristics between the two drugs. In our results, d-amphetamine ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg significantly increased locomotor activity. However, d-amphetamine ranges from 0.2 to 13.5 mg/kg failed to improve spatial working memory and recognition memory in Y-maze-based spontaneous alternation and two-trial delayed alternation tasks of rats, respectively. In contrast, lisdexamfetamine with 4.5 mg/kg significantly increased the locomotion and improved both spatial working and recognition memory. Further, microdialysis showed that lisdexamfetamine induced lower magnitude and longer duration of extracellular dopamine increase than that of d-amphetamine. These results suggest that lisdexamfetamine was more effective than d-amphetamine in improving spatial cognitive performance, which was attributed to the steady and lasting dopamine release pattern within the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jian-Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Zhi-Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Shi-Xuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Song Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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19
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Tolomeo S, Davey F, Steele JD, Baldacchino A. Compulsivity and impulsivity in opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109018. [PMID: 34715479 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic exposure to illicit opioid drugs can cause serious health and social problems. However, less is known about the differential effect of various opioid treatments, such as methadone and buprenorphine, on neurocognitive domains such as compulsivity and impulsivity, despite their relevance to the treatment of opioid dependence. METHODS A total of 186 participants were recruited with a cross-sectional design: i) illicit heroin users (n = 27), ii) former heroin users stabilized on methadone MMT (n = 48), iii) a buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) group (n = 18), iv) an abstinent (ABS) group with a history of opioid dependence who were previously stabilized on MMT or BMT (n = 29) and v) healthy controls (HC) (n = 64). We used the Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift (IED) and Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) paradigms for measuring compulsivity and impulsivity constructs respectively. RESULTS Heightened compulsivity persisted in the heroin, buprenorphine and abstinent groups. Heroin, methadone and buprenorphine groups exhibited impaired behavioral responses to feedback, consisting of increased deliberation time and poorer risk adjustment. Higher compulsivity measures were negatively associated with opioid dose which may reflect sedation effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that compulsivity and impulsivity are core neurocognitive dimensions for opioid dependence which differ in their presentation according to the stage of treatment. Participants taking higher morphine equivalent doses performed better in compulsivity measures. These findings have implications for the treatment of opioid dependence and longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tolomeo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - F Davey
- NHS Fife Research and Development Department, Queen Margaret Hospital, Dunfermline, UK
| | - J Douglas Steele
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - A Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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20
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Dragan AM, Parrilla M, Feier B, Oprean R, Cristea C, De Wael K. Analytical techniques for the detection of amphetamine-type substances in different matrices: A comprehensive review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Sadeghi S, Takeuchi H, Shalani B, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Magistro D, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Brain structures and activity during a working memory task associated with internet addiction tendency in young adults: A large sample study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259259. [PMID: 34780490 PMCID: PMC8592411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and functional brain characteristics associated with the excessive use of the internet have attracted substantial research attention in the past decade. In current study, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and multiple regression analysis to assess the relationship between internet addiction tendency (IAT) score and regional gray and white matter volumes (rGMVs and rWMVs) and brain activity during a WM task in a large sample of healthy young adults (n = 1,154, mean age, 20.71 ± 1.78 years). We found a significant positive correlation between IAT score and gray matter volume (GMV) of right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and significant negative correlations with white matter volume (WMV) of right temporal lobe (sub-gyral and superior temporal gyrus), right sublobar area (extra-nuclear and lentiform nucleus), right cerebellar anterior lobe, cerebellar tonsil, right frontal lobe (inferior frontal gyrus and sub-gyral areas), and the pons. Also, IAT was significantly and positively correlated with brain activity in the default-mode network (DMN), medial frontal gyrus, medial part of the superior frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex during a 2-back working memory (WM) task. Moreover, whole-brain analyses of rGMV showed significant effects of interaction between sex and the IAT scores in the area spreading around the left anterior insula and left lentiform. This interaction was moderated by positive correlation in women. These results indicate that IAT is associated with (a) increased GMV in rSMG, which is involved in phonological processing, (b) decreased WMV in areas of frontal, sublobar, and temporal lobes, which are involved in response inhibition, and (c) reduced task-induced deactivation of the DMN, indicative of altered attentional allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Sadeghi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences (ICBS), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center of Excellence in Cognitive Neuropsychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bita Shalani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Research Center for the Earth Inclusive Sensing Empathizing with Silent Voices, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Zhang HB, Zhao D, Liu YP, Wang LX, Yang B, Yuan TF. Problem-solving deficits in methcathinone use disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2515-2524. [PMID: 34291307 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of methcathinone (MCAT), a psychostimulant drug that can lead to long-term health risks and executive dysfunction, increased to an alarming rate in recent years. Impairments in low-level executive function have been reported in substance use disorder. However, little empirical evidence is available regarding high-level executive function (e.g., problem solving), which may act as a risk factor for relapse. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate whether the problem-solving ability was altered in abstinent individuals with methcathinone use disorder (MCUD). Here, we tested fifty male MCUD individuals (short-term MCUD group: twenty-nine patients with MCAT use less than 3 years, long-term MCUD group: twenty-one patients with MCAT use longer than 3 years, which were split by medium years of drug use) and twenty-four well-matched healthy controls (HC) in the Tower of Hanoi task (TOH) to assess the impact of task difficulty on drug-related changes in problem-solving performance. We used several measures to characterize problem-solving performance: the number of mistakes made, the completion time of the task, and the thinking time before the first move. RESULTS In the low task difficulty condition, the MCUD group and HC group showed similar levels of mistakes and completion time, while in the high task difficulty condition, the MCUD group reported more mistakes (the mean number of mistakes in each trial: 1.41 ± 1.15 vs 0.79 ± 0.76, P = 0.019, Cohen's d = 0.635) and longer completion time in the task (the mean completion time in each trial: 45.83 ± 20.51 s vs 33.40 ± 15.10 s, P = 0.010, Cohen's d = 0.690) than the HC group. The thinking time before the first move did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.257). We further found that the long-term (more than 3 years) MCUD group made more mistakes than the short-term MCUD group and HC group, mainly in the highly difficult subtasks. The longer time than HCs was reported in the long-term MCUD group among high task difficulty of subtasks. In addition, there was a positive correlation between years of MCAT use and the number of mistakes made in high task difficulty TOH task (r = 0.326, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Chronic methcathinone use was associated with deficits in problem-solving performance, which depended on the degree of task difficulty. The impairment was more evident in the long-term (> 3 years) MCAT group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Bin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wanping South Road 600, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wanping South Road 600, Xuhui, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- China University of Political Science and Law, No. 25, West Tucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xun Wang
- Changzhi Drug Rehabilitation Center, Changzhi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- China University of Political Science and Law, No. 25, West Tucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wanping South Road 600, Xuhui, Shanghai, China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. .,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Sullivan A, Ridley N, Monds LA, Logge W, Hurzeler T, Morley KC. Assessing the validity of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) in predicting completion in a long-term residential rehabilitation for substance use problems. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021:1-6. [PMID: 34455866 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1967954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the predictive validity of the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) in predicting treatment completion, over and above educational status. METHODS One hundred and ninety-six (N = 196) individuals from the Odyssey House Residential Rehabilitation Program, NSW, Australia between 2010 and 2016 were administered a structured interview including substance use disorders and the Verbal Comprehension (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning (PRI), Working Memory (WMI), and Processing Speed (PSI) domains of the WAIS-IV. RESULTS There were significant differences between our clinical sample and the population norm with respect to the proportion below the mean for PSI (z = 12.27, p < .001), VCI (z = 2.33, p < .02) but not for WMI (z = 1.67, p < .10) or PRI (z = -1.76, p < .08). The WAIS-IV subscales did not significantly predict treatment completion (p's > .16) over and above educational status (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in clients in drug and alcohol rehabilitation settings a combination of skills may be impacted including Verbal Comprehension and Processing Speed. Moreover, our findings also suggest that WAIS-IV subscales do not predict treatment completion in a drug and alcohol residential setting, over and above a brief assessment of educational status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Ridley
- The Langton Centre, South Eastern Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lauren A Monds
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Northern Sydney Local Health District, Drug and Alcohol Services, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warren Logge
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney, Australia
| | - Tristan Hurzeler
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirsten C Morley
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney, Australia
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24
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Fjærli HH, Sømhovd MJ, Bergly TH. Difference between psychostimulant users and opioid users in recovery of cognitive impairment, measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA®). JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1967487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5548623. [PMID: 34373762 PMCID: PMC8349248 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the effects of opium use disorder (OUD) on attention, working memory, and information-processing speed. Thirty outpatients with OUD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed using a neuropsychological battery consisted of Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Revised (AVLT-R), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Digit Forward and Backward Tests (DFT and DBT), and WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The most affected cognitive functions in patients with OUD were detected by DBT and DSST. However, we found no significant difference between patients according to the route of administration. Within patients with OUD, DBT score was associated with opium use quantity (OUQ) (r = −0.385), and DBT (r = 0.483) and DSST (r = 0.542) scores were correlated with duration of use. Our findings indicated that working memory and information-processing speed are the most affected domains of cognitive functioning. DBT and DSST could be used as brief assessments in clinical settings to screen for cognitive deficits in patients with OUD.
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26
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Ahmed A, Ruiz MJ, Cohen Kadosh K, Patton R, Resurrección DM. Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252900. [PMID: 34111184 PMCID: PMC8192015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Khat is a plant that is used for its amphetamine-like stimulant properties. However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effects of khat use on neurobehavioral functions. MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Open Grey literature were searched for relevant publications from inception to December 2020. Search terms included (a) khat and (b) several cognitive domains. References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. Results A total of 142 articles were reviewed, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria (nine human and five rodent studies). Available human studies suggest that long term khat use is associated with significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including learning, motor speed/coordination, set-shifting/response inhibition functions, cognitive flexibility, short term/working memory, and conflict resolution. In addition, rodent studies indicated daily administration of khat extract resulted in dose-related impairments in behavior such as motor hyperactivity and decreased cognition, mainly learning and memory. Conclusions The findings presented in this review indicates that long-term khat use may be contributing to an impairment of neurobehavioral functions. However, gaps in literature were detected that future studies could potentially address to better understand the health consequences of khat use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Ahmed
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuel J. Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Patton
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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27
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Robbins TW. Neurocognition in stimulant addiction: commentary on Kendrick et al (2021). PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:88-90. [PMID: 38665357 PMCID: PMC10917231 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- T W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
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28
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Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use among a Sample of College Students: Prevalence and Predictors. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9020106. [PMID: 34071670 PMCID: PMC8167772 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmedical use of prescription opioid medication (NMPO) in the United States is a public health crisis, resulting in high rates of emergency room visits, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of this study was to explore prevalence estimates and correlates of NMPO among a convenience sample of college students in the northeast and southeast regions of the US to help generate directions for future research. Motivations for misuse, age of onset, access, concomitant substance use, and individual factors were investigated among a sample of undergraduate students from two universities. Participants (N = 847) completed a battery of various self-report measures. Findings revealed that 7.7% (Southeastern University) and 12.8% of students (Northeastern University) reported lifetime NMPO, whereas past-month NMPO was reported by 0.8% and 0.9% of participants, respectively. Lifetime history of regularly using alcohol, nonmedical use of benzodiazepine medication, nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and executive functioning (i.e., metacognition and behavioral regulation) were significantly related to lifetime history of NMPO in this college sample. These findings offer several potential subsequent lines of investigation regarding the associations between various demographic and psychological factors and NMPO. Future research is needed to help identify college students who are at risk of NMPO.
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29
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Lake AJ, Finn PR, James TW. Neural Modulation in Approach-Avoidance Conflicts in Externalizing Psychopathology. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1007-1024. [PMID: 32740888 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing psychopathology (EXT) is characterized by poor decision-making in situations that involve simultaneous cues for approach and avoidance behavior (i.e. approach-avoidance conflicts). Previous studies of EXT have examined these deficits primarily using tasks involving decisions between positive reward and negative punishment, suggesting that EXT is characterized by a general bias towards high salience (e.g. temporally proximal or reward) cues relative to low salience (e.g. temporally distal or loss) cues. However, in order to better characterize decision-making in approach-avoidance conflicts, the present study utilized a novel task to examine neural activation in contexts involving both positive reward and negative punishment as well as positive punishment and negative reward by manipulating physical proximity of affective cues. Neuroimaging results indicated that EXT was associated with deficits related to cue prioritization based on salience, suggesting that failure to differentiate relevant from less relevant information contributes to poor decision-making among individuals with EXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Lake
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th St., Suite 2800, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Peter R Finn
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Thomas W James
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. .,Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, 819 Eigenmann, 1900 E. 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47406, USA.
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30
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Osman M, Asiri RA, Almalki SE, Qassadi AM, Alotaibi FS, AlJemaiah A. Screening for Cognitive Dysfunction in Amphetamine Users in Saudi Arabia; a Case-control Investigation Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:1-8. [PMID: 33814000 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1906469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine users have deficits in cognitive performance; however, the effects of duration and amount of use on cognitive decline remain elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlates of cognitive functioning in amphetamine users in Saudi Arabia. This was a case-control community-based study, using an Arabic adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE). The study compared users of amphetamine (n = 50) and controls (n = 50) in terms of performance on the ACE. Amphetamine users underperformed controls in the cognitive domains of attention, memory, language, fluency, and visuospatial faculties, even after controlling for psychiatric and sociodemographic variables. Heavy and prolonged use of amphetamine was associated with worse cognitive performance. Use of amphetamine at lower doses was not associated with worsening of cognitive functioning. The study adds to the evidence that amphetamine use is associated with impairment in cognitive functioning in Saudi Arabia. This has implications in terms of designing therapeutic interventions that account for potential cognitive difficulties in amphetamine abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugtaba Osman
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Center for Psychiatric Care, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Abdu Asiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Center for Psychiatric Care, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Eidhah Almalki
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Center for Psychiatric Care, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawaz S Alotaibi
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Center for Psychiatric Care, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlJemaiah
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Center for Psychiatric Care, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Nazarian A, Negus SS, Martin TJ. Factors mediating pain-related risk for opioid use disorder. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108476. [PMID: 33524407 PMCID: PMC7954943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a complex experience with far-reaching organismal influences ranging from biological factors to those that are psychological and social. Such influences can serve as pain-related risk factors that represent susceptibilities to opioid use disorder. This review evaluates various pain-related risk factors to form a consensus on those that facilitate opioid abuse. Epidemiological findings represent a high degree of co-occurrence between chronic pain and opioid use disorder that is, in part, driven by an increase in the availability of opioid analgesics and the diversion of their use in a non-medical context. Brain imaging studies in individuals with chronic pain that use/abuse opioids suggest abuse-related mechanisms that are rooted within mesocorticolimbic processing. Preclinical studies suggest that pain states have a limited impact on increasing the rewarding effects of opioids. Indeed, many findings indicate a reduction in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of opioids during pain states. An increase in opioid use may be facilitated by an increase in the availability of opioids and a decrease in access to non-opioid reinforcers that require mobility or social interaction. Moreover, chronic pain and substance abuse conditions are known to impair cognitive function, resulting in deficits in attention and decision making that may promote opioid abuse. A better understanding of pain-related risk factors can improve our knowledge in the development of OUD in persons with pain conditions and can help identify appropriate treatment strategies. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse.'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbi Nazarian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| | - S Stevens Negus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Thomas J Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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32
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Tabibi Z, Schwebel DC, Moghaddam AM, Fadardi JS, Feizabadi SM. Differential effects of stimulant versus opiate drugs on driving performance. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 150:105885. [PMID: 33271373 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pharmacological differences among different drug classes influence human cognition, visual, and motor behavior in different ways. These differences impact driving safety, and therefore individuals who use stimulant and opioid drugs might experience different patterns in driving safety and impairment in driving performance. This study examined the effect of long-term use of stimulant drugs and of opiate drugs on driving performance, hazard perception, visual search skills and psychomotor skills related to driving. METHODS A total of 75 individuals, including 28 predominantly stimulant users, 22 predominantly opiate users and 25 healthy non-drug users, participated. Driving performance and psychomotor skills were assessed via a 15-minute drive in a simulator; hazard perception was assessed via a computerized task; and visual search skill was assessed by eye tracking. RESULTS ANOVA analyses indicate both stimulant and opiate users drove at higher speeds and experienced more crashes than the healthy non-drug users. Stimulant but not opiate users violated red light regulations more often than the healthy non-drug users. In the hazard perception task, stimulant drug users performed more poorly than both opioid drug users and healthy non-drug users. Specifically, they had lower saccade movement scores and higher average fixation times. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm that both stimulant drug users and opiate drug users show impaired driving performance compared to healthy non-drug users. Stimulant drug users possessed poorer hazard perception skills compared to the opiate users and the control group, perhaps as a result of cognitive deficits created by the drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tabibi
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - David C Schwebel
- University Professor in Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
| | | | - Javad Salehi Fadardi
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran; Claremont Graduate University, USA; Honorary Research Fellow in Psychology, Bangor University, UK.
| | - Sara Mirzaei Feizabadi
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran; Department of Psychology, Shiraz University, Iran.
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Wong JS, Nikoo M, Kianpoor K, Gholami A, Jazani M, Mohammadian F, Lafooraki NY, Jang KL, Schütz CG, Akhondzadeh S, Krausz MR. The effects of opium tincture and methadone on the cognitive function of patients with opioid use disorder. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Eidenmueller K, Grimm F, Hermann D, Frischknecht U, Montag C, Dziobek I, Kiefer F, Bekier NK. Exploring Influences on Theory of Mind Impairment in Opioid Dependent Patients. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721690. [PMID: 34887783 PMCID: PMC8649648 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of mind (ToM) is an aspect of social cognition impaired in different addictive disorders, including opioid addiction. This study aimed at replicating ToM deficits in opioid dependent patients undergoing opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and exploring the influence of substance use related variables, executive functions and childhood maltreatment on ToM in opioid dependent patients. 66 opioid dependent patients were tested using the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) and compared with the data of healthy controls. Furthermore, the opioid dependent patients underwent testing for executive functions and filled in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Performance on the MASC was significantly poorer in the opioid dependence group than in the control group, even when recent additional drug use and psychiatric comorbidities were controlled for. No correlations were found between ToM and substance use related factors. Aspects of ToM performance in opioid dependent patients correlated significantly with different EF domains. ToM correlated significantly with the CTQ scales for physical maltreatment. The results confirm impaired ToM in opioid dependent patients and highlight executive functions and childhood maltreatment as influential factors. The lack of associations between ToM and substance use related variables and the association with childhood maltreatment suggest that ToM impairments might be a risk factor predating substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Eidenmueller
- Department of Addictive Behaviors and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franz Grimm
- Department of Addictive Behaviors and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Frischknecht
- Department of Addictive Behaviors and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,German Institute of Addiction and Prevention Research, Catholic University of Applied Sciences Nordrhein-Westfalen, Koeln, Germany
| | - Christiane Montag
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behaviors and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina Kim Bekier
- Department of Addictive Behaviors and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
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35
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Savulich G, Bowden-Jones O, Stephenson R, Brühl AB, Ersche KD, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ. "Hot" and "Cold" Cognition in Users of Club Drugs/Novel Psychoactive Substances. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:660575. [PMID: 33841219 PMCID: PMC8024487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are popular "club/party" drugs that first attracted attention in the UK in 2009 and remained legal until the 2016 Psychoactive Substances Act criminalized their distribution. Unlike "traditional" illicit drugs, very little is known about the influence of their analogs on neuropsychological functioning. We characterized the cognitive and emotional profile of NPS/polydrug users using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and EMOTICOM test battery in adult male (aged 20-49 years) recreational users without psychiatric comorbidities (n = 27; "psychonauts"), service users attending a UK specialist "Club Drug" Clinic for problematic use (n = 20) and healthy control volunteers without significant drug-taking histories (n = 35). Tasks were selected to distinguish "hot" cognitive processes that are highly influenced by emotion from "cold" cognitive processes that are largely independent of emotional influence. Both user groups reported significantly higher sensation-seeking traits compared with non-users. Recreational NPS users demonstrated more risk-taking behavior compared with controls and treatment-seeking NPS users showed poorer learning, episodic memory and response inhibition compared with the other two groups. These effects persisted, when controlling for age, intelligence, alcohol and cannabis use severity, nicotine dependence, trait anxiety, depression, childhood adversity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking. Overall, recreational NPS users showed elevated "hot" (emotion-laden) cognition in the absence of "cold" (non-emotional) cognitive deficits, whereas "cold" cognitive dysfunction was pronounced in individuals seeking treatment for problematic NPS use. High trait impulsivity and poor self-control may confer additional risk to NPS/polydrug use severity and separate those seeking treatment from those using NPS recreationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Savulich
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Bowden-Jones
- Club Drug Clinic, Central and North West London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Annette B Brühl
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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36
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Kim B, Jha S, Seo JH, Jeong CH, Lee S, Lee S, Seo YH, Park B. MeBib Suppressed Methamphetamine Self-Administration Response via Inhibition of BDNF/ERK/CREB Signal Pathway in the Hippocampus. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:519-526. [PMID: 32466633 PMCID: PMC7585641 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most commonly abused drugs in the world by illegal drug users. Addiction to MA is a serious public health problem and effective therapies do not exist to date. It has also been reported that behavior induced by psychostimulants such as MA is related to histone deacetylase (HDAC). MeBib is an HDAC6 inhibitor derived from a benzimidazole scaffold. Many benzimidazole-containing compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study, we investigated whether HDAC6 inhibitor MeBib modulates the behavioral response in MA self-administered rats. Our results demonstrated that the number of active lever presses in MA self-administered rats was reduced by pretreatment with MeBib. In the hippocampus of rats, we also found MA administration promotes GluN2B, an NMDA receptor subunit, expression, which results in sequential activation of ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway, however, MeBib abrogated it. Collectively, we suggest that MeBib prevents the MA seeking response induced by MA administration and therefore, represents a potent candidate as an MA addiction inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonam Jha
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Amphetamine-induced alteration to gaze parameters: A novel conceptual pathway and implications for naturalistic behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101929. [PMID: 33091542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine produces a multiplicity of well-documented end-order biochemical, pharmacological and biobehavioural effects. Mechanistically, amphetamine downregulates presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal monoamine (primarily dopaminergic) systems, producing alterations to key brain regions which manifest as stereotyped ridged behaviour which occurs under both acute and chronic dosing schedules and persists beyond detoxification. Despite evidence of amphetamine-induced visual attentional dysfunction, no conceptual synthesis has yet captured how characteristic pharmaco-behavioural processes are critically implicated via these pathways, nor described the potential implications for safety-sensitive behaviours. Drawing on known pathomechanisms, we propose a cross-disciplinary, novel conceptual functional system framework for delineating the biobehavioural consequences of amphetamine use on visual attentional capacity and discuss the implications for functional and behavioural outcomes. Specifically, we highlight the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on visual information processing for timely execution of visually-guided movements. Following this, we highlight the potential impact on safety-sensitive, but common behaviours, such as driving a motor vehicle. The close pathophysiological relationship between oculomotor control and higher-order cognitive processes further suggests that dynamic measurement of movement related to the motion of the eye (gaze behaviour) may be a simple, effective and direct measure of behavioural performance capabilities in naturalistic settings. Consequently, we discuss the potential efficacy of ocular monitoring for the detection and monitoring of driver states for this drug user group, and potential wider application. Significance statement: We propose a novel biochemical-physiological-behavioural pathway which delineates how amphetamine use critically alters oculomotor function, visual-attentional performance and information processing capabilities. Given the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on these processes, we recommend oculography as a novel means of detecting and monitoring gaze behaviours during naturalistic tasks such as driving. Real-word examination of gaze behaviour therefore present as an effective means to detect driver impairment and prevent performance degradation due to these drugs.
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Garland EL, Bryan MA, Priddy SE, Riquino MR, Froeliger B, Howard MO. Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Versus Social Support on Negative Affective Interference During Inhibitory Control Among Opioid-Treated Chronic Pain Patients: A Pilot Mechanistic Study. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:865-876. [PMID: 30668631 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among opioid-treated chronic pain patients, deficient response inhibition in the context of emotional distress may contribute to maladaptive pain coping and prescription opioid misuse. Interventions that aim to bolster cognitive control and reduce emotional reactivity (e.g., mindfulness) may remediate response inhibition deficits, with consequent clinical benefits. PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that a mindfulness-based intervention, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), can reduce the impact of clinically relevant, negative affective interference on response inhibition function in an opioid-treated chronic pain sample. METHODS We examined data from a controlled trial comparing adults with chronic pain and long-term prescription opioid use randomized to either MORE (n = 27) treatment or to an active support group comparison condition (n = 30). Participants completed an Emotional Go/NoGo Task at pre- and post-treatment, which measured response inhibition in neutral and clinically relevant, negative affective contexts (i.e., exposure to pain-related visual stimuli). RESULTS Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that compared with the support group, participants in MORE evidenced significantly greater reductions from pre- to post-treatment in errors of commission on trials with pain-related distractors relative to trials with neutral distractors, group × time × condition F(1,55) = 4.14, p = .047, η2partial = .07. Mindfulness practice minutes and increased nonreactivity significantly predicted greater emotional response inhibition. A significant inverse association was observed between improvements in emotional response inhibition and treatment-related reductions in pain severity by 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Study results provide preliminary evidence that MORE enhances inhibitory control function in the context of negative emotional interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Myranda A Bryan
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah E Priddy
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael R Riquino
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew O Howard
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:584-627. [PMID: 32876803 PMCID: PMC7463108 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal opioid-HIV interactions with increasing clarity. However, despite the substantial new insight, the unique impact of opioids on the severity, progression, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this review, we explore, in detail, what is currently known about mechanisms underlying opioid interactions with HIV, with emphasis on individual HIV-1-expressed gene products at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Furthermore, we review preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on key considerations when addressing questions of whether opioid-HIV interactive pathogenesis results in unique structural or functional deficits not seen with either disease alone. These considerations include, understanding the combined consequences of HIV-1 genetic variants, host variants, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and HIV chemokine co-receptor interactions on the comorbidity. Lastly, we present topics that need to be considered in the future to better understand the unique contributions of opioids to the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. With HIV and opiate co-exposure (represented below the dotted line), there is breakdown of tight junction proteins and increased leakage of paracellular compounds into the brain. Despite this, opiate exposure selectively increases the expression of some efflux transporters, thereby restricting brain penetration of specific drugs. ![]()
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Matijasevich A, Pearson RM, Loret de Mola C, Maruyama JM, La Maison C, Munhoz TN, Barros FC, Santos IS, D Barros AJ. Early child stimulation and attention-related executive functions at 11 years: 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1265-1276. [PMID: 31748986 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators, early child stimulation (ECS) and attention-related executive functions (EF) at age 11. Children born in Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004, were recruited to a birth cohort (n = 4231, non-response rate at recruitment < 1%) and followed from birth to age 11. SEP variables were family income and maternal schooling. At the 24 and 48-month follow-ups, five markers of cognitive stimulation and social interaction were recorded and positive answers were summed to a score ranging from 0 to 5. At age 11, attentional-switching and control, and selective-attention were assessed using the adapted Test-of-Everyday-Attention-for-Children (TEA-Ch). We used multivariable logistic regression models and mediation analysis to investigate potential mediator role of ECS in the association between SEP and EF. 3106 children were included in the analyses. Less than 7% of the more stimulated individuals showed low performance in attention-related EFs at age 11 compared with almost 20% in the bottom groups of stimulation. Higher child stimulation scores were associated with fewer impairments in attentional-control (OR adj 0.84; CI 95% 0.72-0.98) and attentional-switching (OR adj 0.85; CI 95% 0.73-0.99). Mediation analysis suggested that for attentional-switching, ECS mediated almost 20% of the total protective effect of maternal schooling for impaired EF. Assuming causal relationships, if maximum stimulation was provided to all children, the advantageous effect of maternal schooling on EF would be reduced by 47%. ECS may represent a protective factor for cognitive impairments in childhood and can be easily implemented at relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2º andar sala 2166, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jessica Mayumi Maruyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2º andar sala 2166, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Carolina La Maison
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2º andar sala 2166, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Tiago N Munhoz
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Iná S Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Terrett G, Mercuri K, Pizarro-Campagna E, Hugrass L, Curran HV, Henry JD, Rendell PG. Social cognition impairments in long-term opiate users in treatment. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:254-263. [PMID: 31556782 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119875981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term opiate users experience pervasive social difficulties, but there has been surprisingly limited research focused on social-cognitive functioning in this population. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether three important aspects of social cognition (facial emotion recognition, theory of mind (ToM) and rapid facial mimicry) differ between long-term opiate users and healthy controls. METHODS The participants were 25 long-term opiate users who were enrolled in opiate substitution programmes, and 25 healthy controls. Facial emotion recognition accuracy was indexed by responses to 60 photographs of faces depicting the six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust). ToM was assessed using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task, which requires participants to infer mental states of others from partial facial cues. Rapid facial mimicry was assessed by recording activity in the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscle regions while participants passively viewed images of happy and angry facial expressions. RESULTS Relative to the control group, the opiate user group exhibited deficits in both facial emotion recognition and ToM. Moreover, only control participants exhibited typical rapid facial mimicry responses to happy facial expressions. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that long-term opiate users exhibit abnormalities in three distinct areas of social-cognitive processing, pointing to the need for additional work to establish how social-cognitive functioning relates to functional outcomes in this group. Such work may ultimately inform the development of interventions aimed at improving treatment outcomes for long-term opiate users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Terrett
- Cognition and Emotion Research Centre, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberly Mercuri
- Cognition and Emotion Research Centre, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Pizarro-Campagna
- Cognition and Emotion Research Centre, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Laila Hugrass
- Cognition and Emotion Research Centre, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter G Rendell
- Cognition and Emotion Research Centre, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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Indices of dentate gyrus neurogenesis are unaffected immediately after or following withdrawal from morphine self-administration compared to saline self-administering control male rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 381:112448. [PMID: 31870778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Opiates - including morphine - are powerful analgesics with high abuse potential. In rodents, chronic opiate exposure or self-administration negatively impacts hippocampal-dependent function, an effect perhaps due in part to the well-documented opiate-induced inhibition of dentate gyrus (DG) precursor proliferation and neurogenesis. Recently, however, intravenous (i.v.) morphine self-administration (MSA) was reported to enhance the survival of new rat DG neurons. To reconcile these disparate results, we used rat i.v. MSA to assess 1) whether a slightly-higher dose MSA paradigm also increases new DG neuron survival; 2) how MSA influences cells in different stages of DG neurogenesis, particularly maturation and survival; and 3) if MSA-induced changes in DG neurogenesis persist through a period of abstinence. To label basal levels of proliferation, rats received the S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, i.p.) 24 -h prior to 21 days (D) of i.v. MSA or saline self-administration (SSA). Either immediately after SA (0-D) or after 4 weeks in the home cage (28-D withdrawal), stereology was used to quantify DG proliferating precursors (or cells in cell cycle; Ki67+ cells), neuroblast/immature neurons (DCX+ cells), and surviving DG granule cells (BrdU+ cells). Analysis revealed the number of DG cells immunopositive for these neurogenesis-relevant markers was similar between MSA and SSA rats at the 0-D or 28-D timepoints. These negative data highlight the impact experimental parameters, timepoint selection, and quantification approach have on neurogenesis results, and are discussed in the context of the large literature showing the negative impact of opiates on DG neurogenesis.
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Castilla-Ortega E. Neuroplastic and cognitive impairment in substance use disorders: a therapeutic potential of cognitive stimulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:23-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wang SC, Chen YC, Lee CH, Cheng CM. Opioid Addiction, Genetic Susceptibility, and Medical Treatments: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174294. [PMID: 31480739 PMCID: PMC6747085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a chronic and complex disease characterized by relapse and remission. In the past decade, the opioid epidemic or opioid crisis in the United States has raised public awareness. Methadone, buprenorphine, and naloxone have proven their effectiveness in treating addicted individuals, and each of them has different effects on different opioid receptors. Classic and molecular genetic research has provided valuable information and revealed the possible mechanism of individual differences in vulnerability for opioid addiction. The polygenic risk score based on the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) may be a promising tool to evaluate the association between phenotypes and genetic markers across the entire genome. A novel gene editing approach, clustered, regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), has been widely used in basic research and potentially applied to human therapeutics such as mental illness; many applications against addiction based on CRISPR are currently under research, and some are successful in animal studies. In this article, we summarized the biological mechanisms of opioid addiction and medical treatments, and we reviewed articles about the genetics of opioid addiction, the promising approach to predict the risk of opioid addiction, and a novel gene editing approach. Further research on medical treatments based on individual vulnerability is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cheng Wang
- Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yuan-Chuan Chen
- Program in Comparative Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chun-Hung Lee
- Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Department of Informative Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ming Cheng
- Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Department of Natural Biotechnology, NanHua University, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
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Rouhani F, Khodarahmi P, Naseh V. NGF, BDNF and Arc mRNA Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats After Administration of Morphine. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2139-2146. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Carroll KM, Nich C, DeVito EE, Shi JM, Sofuoglu M. Galantamine and Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Cocaine Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2019; 79:17m11669. [PMID: 29286595 PMCID: PMC5866530 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m11669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether galantamine, a cognitive-enhancing medication that is both acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, is effective at improving cocaine use outcomes and cognitive functioning, alone and in combination with computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). METHOD A 12-week, randomized 2 × 2, factorial trial was conducted to evaluate galantamine versus placebo (double-blind) and computerized CBT plus standard methadone treatment versus standard methadone treatment alone in a community-based methadone maintenance program (September 2009-April 2015). One hundred twenty individuals diagnosed with DSM-IV cocaine use disorder were randomly assigned to the following conditions: (1) galantamine (8 mg/d) plus standard methadone maintenance treatment (treatment as usual [TAU]), (2) placebo plus TAU, (3) galantamine plus computerized CBT plus TAU, or (4) placebo plus computerized CBT plus TAU; medication administration was supervised at the time of daily methadone dosing. The primary cocaine use outcome was change in percent days of abstinence over time. Number of cocaine-negative urine toxicology screens submitted and cognitive function were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Random effect regression analysis indicated significant reductions in frequency of cocaine use over time, with significant treatment-by-time effects for both galantamine over placebo (F = 5.3, P = .02, d = 0.34) and computerized CBT over standard methadone treatment (F = 4.2, P = .04, d = 0.30) but no evidence of significant benefit of the combination over either treatment alone. Pretreatment to posttreatment comparisons of multiple indices of cognitive functioning, including sustained attention, indicated no benefit of galantamine over placebo. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest benefits of galantamine and computerized CBT for reducing cocaine use in this sample. Although galantamine did not improve measures of cognitive function in this sample, multiple measures of cognitive function were associated with cocaine use outcomes, underlining the significance of cognitive function in cocaine treatment outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00809835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Carroll
- Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple St, Ste 6C, New Haven, CT 06510.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charla Nich
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Elise E DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia M Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- APT Foundation, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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MMP-9-BDNF pathway is implicated in cognitive impairment of male individuals with methamphetamine addiction during early withdrawal. Behav Brain Res 2019; 366:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abela AR, Rahbarnia A, Wood S, Lê AD, Fletcher PJ. Adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol delays acquisition of paired-associates learning in adulthood. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1875-1886. [PMID: 30694374 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Adolescence is a sensitive period of brain development, during which there may be a heightened vulnerability to the effects of drug use. Despite this, the long-term effects of cannabis use during this developmental period on cognition are poorly understood. METHODS We exposed adolescent rats to escalating doses of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-the primary psychoactive component of cannabis-or vehicle solution during postnatal days (PND) 35-45, a period of development that is analogous to human adolescence (THC doses: PND 35-37, 2.5 mg/kg; PND 38-41, 5 mg/kg; PND 42-45, 10 mg/kg). After a period of abstinence, in adulthood, rats were tested on an automated touchscreen version of a paired-associates learning (PAL) task to assess their ability to learn and recall object-location associations. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response was also measured at three time points (5 days, 4 months, and 6 months after exposure) to assess sensorimotor gating, the ability to filter out insignificant sensory information from the environment. RESULTS Compared to rats exposed to vehicle alone, rats exposed to THC during adolescence took longer to learn the PAL task when tested in adulthood, even when trials contained visually identical stimuli that differed only in location. Despite this, no differences were observed later in testing, when trials contained visually distinct stimuli in different locations. Rats exposed to THC also displayed impairments in sensorimotor gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition of the startle response, though this deficit did appear to decrease over time. CONCLUSION Taken together, THC exposure during adolescence produces long-term deficits in associative learning and sensorimotor gating, though the impact of these deficits seems to diminish with time. Thus, adolescence may represent a period of neurocognitive development that is vulnerable to the harms of cannabis use, though the stability of such harms is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Abela
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Arya Rahbarnia
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anh D Lê
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Baldacchino A, Tolomeo S, Balfour DJ, Matthews K. Profiles of visuospatial memory dysfunction in opioid-exposed and dependent populations. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1174-1184. [PMID: 30457069 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic opioid exposure is common world-wide, but behavioural performance remains under-investigated. This study aimed to investigate visuospatial memory performance in opioid-exposed and dependent clinical populations and its associations with measures of intelligence and cognitive impulsivity. METHODS We recruited 109 participants: (i) patients with a history of opioid dependence due to chronic heroin use (n = 24), (ii) heroin users stabilised on methadone maintenance treatment (n = 29), (iii) participants with a history of chronic pain and prescribed tramadol and codeine (n = 28) and (iv) healthy controls (n = 28). The neuropsychological tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery included the Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS), Pattern Recognition Memory, Spatial Recognition Memory, Paired Associate Learning, Spatial Span Task, Spatial Working Memory and Cambridge Gambling Task. Pre-morbid general intelligence was assessed using the National Adult Reading Test. RESULTS As hypothesised, this study identified the differential effects of chronic heroin and methadone exposures on neuropsychological measures of visuospatial memory (p < 0.01) that were independent of injecting behaviour and dependence status. The study also identified an improvement in DMS performance (specifically at longer delays) when the methadone group was compared with the heroin group and also when the heroin group was stabilised onto methadone. Results identified differential effects of chronic heroin and methadone exposures on various neuropsychological measures of visuospatial memory independently from addiction severity measures, such as injecting behaviour and dependence status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioural Science,School of Medicine, St Andrews University,St Andrews, Fife,UK
| | - S Tolomeo
- School of Medicine (Neuroscience), Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee,Dundee, Tayside,UK
| | - D J Balfour
- School of Medicine (Neuroscience), Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee,Dundee, Tayside,UK
| | - K Matthews
- School of Medicine (Neuroscience), Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee,Dundee, Tayside,UK
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Kroll SL, Williams DP, Thoma M, Staib M, Binz TM, Baumgartner MR, Kirschbaum C, Thayer JF, Quednow BB. Non-medical prescription opioid users exhibit dysfunctional physiological stress responses to social rejection. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 100:264-275. [PMID: 30594739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) recently increased dramatically, especially in the U.S. Although chronic opioid use is commonly accompanied by deficits in social functioning and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenergic (HPA) stress axis, little is known about the impact of NMPOU on psychosocial stress responses. Therefore, we measured physiological responses of the autonomic nervous system and the HPA axis to social rejection using the Cyberball paradigm. We compared 23 individuals with NMPOU, objectively confirmed by hair and urine analyses, with 29 opioid-naïve, healthy controls. As expected, heart rate variability (HRV), an index of parasympathetic activity, increased significantly during exclusion within controls, while in the NMPOU group only a trend in the same direction was found. However, increased HRV was robustly moderated by opioid craving indicating worse emotion regulation to social exclusion specifically in individuals with high opioid craving. Greater levels of the adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses to social rejection were found in the NMPOU group indicating hyperreactivity of the HPA axis to social exclusion. Self-ratings suggest that opioid users were aware of rejection, but less emotionally affected by exclusion. Furthermore, controls showed greater negative mood after the Cyberball confirming the task's validity. Moreover, NMPOU individuals reported a smaller social network size compared to controls. Present findings suggest that chronic NMPOU is associated with dysfunctional physiological responses to psychosocial stressors such as social rejection. In sum, NMPOU was associated with poorer regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, especially under opioid craving highlighting its potential importance in relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Kroll
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - DeWayne P Williams
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Martina Thoma
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Staib
- Psychological Institute, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina M Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analysis, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Kurvenstrasse 17, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analysis, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Kurvenstrasse 17, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Institute of Biological Psychology, Technical University of Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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