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Guo J, Kong Z, Yang S, Da J, Chu L, Han G, Liu J, Tan Y, Zhang J. Therapeutic effects of orexin-A in sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:131. [PMID: 38760784 PMCID: PMC11102217 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) causes acute and long-term cognitive deficits. However, information on the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction after sepsis is limited. The neuropeptide orexin-A (OXA) has been shown to play a protective role against neurological diseases by modulating the inflammatory response through the activation of OXR1 and OXR2 receptors. However, the role of OXA in mediating the neuroprotective effects of SAE has not yet been reported. METHODS A mouse model of SAE was induced using cecal ligation perforation (CLP) and treated via intranasal administration of exogenous OXA after surgery. Mouse survival, in addition to cognitive and anxiety behaviors, were assessed. Changes in neurons, cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and brain ultrastructure were monitored. Levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α) and microglial activation were also measured. The underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated by proteomics analysis and western blotting. RESULTS Intranasal OXA treatment reduced mortality, ameliorated cognitive and emotional deficits, and attenuated cerebral edema, BBB disruption, and ultrastructural brain damage in mice. In addition, OXA significantly reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, and inhibited microglial activation. In addition, OXA downregulated the expression of the Rras and RAS proteins, and reduced the phosphorylation of P-38 and JNK, thus inhibiting activation of the MAPK pathway. JNJ-10,397,049 (an OXR2 blocker) reversed the effect of OXA, whereas SB-334,867 (an OXR1 blocker) did not. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the intranasal administration of moderate amounts of OXA protects the BBB and inhibits the activation of the OXR2/RAS/MAPK pathway to attenuate the outcome of SAE, suggesting that OXA may be a promising therapeutic approach for the management of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhuo Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Sha Yang
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jingjing Da
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
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Chen L, Liu C, Xue Y, Chen XY. Several neuropeptides involved in parkinsonian neuroprotection modulate the firing properties of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Neuropeptides 2023; 99:102337. [PMID: 37087783 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons display altered spontaneous firing activity in Parkinson's disease. The firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons decreases long before complete neuronal death and the appearance of parkinsonian symptoms. A mild stimulation could rescue dopaminergic neurons from death and in turn play neuroprotective effects. Several neuropeptides, including cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, neurotensin, orexin, tachykinins and apelin, within the substantia nigra pars compacta play important roles in the modulation of spontaneous firing activity of dopaminergic neurons and therefore involve motor control and motor disorders. Here, we review neuropeptide-induced modulation of the firing properties of nigral dopaminergic neurons. This review may provide a background to guide further investigations into the involvement of neuropeptides in movement control by modulating firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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3
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Yang X, Guo X, Yuan X, Chen B. K 2S 2O 8-promoted rearrangement of nitrones for the synthesis of benzo[ d]oxazoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00680d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient route for the synthesis of valuable benzoxazoles has been developed through self-oxidative cyclization with N–O bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinglong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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4
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Nasrollahi S, Karimi S, Hamidi G, Naderitehrani M, Abed A. Blockade of the orexin 1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens' shell reversed the reduction effect of olanzapine on motivation for positive reinforcers. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136137. [PMID: 34311049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Effort-based choice of high reward requires one to decide how much effort to expend for a certain amount of reward. Orexin is a crucial neuropeptide in the physiological aspect especially a variety of affective and cognitive processes. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a region of the neural system that serves effort-related high reward choices andthe Orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) is distributed extensively throughout the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbS). Olanzapine (OLZ), a typical antipsychotic drug, has a high affinity to D2 as an antagonist, and also partial agonistic-like action at D2 receptors has been reported. We examined the interaction of OLZ with the orexinergic receptor 1 in AcbS on effort- related high reward choice when two goal arms were different in the amount of accessible reward. The animals had to pass the barrier for receiving a high reward in one arm (HRA) or obtain a low reward in the other arm without any cost. Before surgery, all animals were selecting the HRA on almost every trial.During test days, the rats received local injections of either DMSO 20% /0.5 µl, as vehicle or SB334867 (30, 100, 300 nM/0.5 µl), as selective OX1R antagonist, within the AcbS. Other group received OLZ (32 µM/0.5 µl DMSO20%) / vehicle alone or 5 min after administration of SB334867 (300 nM/0.5 µl). The results showed that administration of OLZ in the AcbS alters rat's preference for high reward. On the other hand, blocked of the OX1R (300 nM/0.5 µl) in this region could reverse the effect of OLZ, however, administration of the OX1R antagonists alone in the AcbS led to decreasing rat's preference for high reward. This result indicates that the orexin-1 antagonist might affect some effects of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Nasrollahi
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholamali Hamidi
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Monireh Naderitehrani
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Abed
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Mathapati SR, Patil KN, Mathakari SS, Suryawanshi AW, Jadhav AH. Fluorinated phosphoric acid as a versatile effective catalyst for synthesis of series of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles at room temperature. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1871345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil R. Mathapati
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhavrao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Komal N. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujit S. Mathakari
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhavrao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Appasaheb W. Suryawanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Madhavrao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Arvind H. Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Lis M, Stańczykiewicz B, Liśkiewicz P, Misiak B. Impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in schizophrenia: A narrative review dissecting intrinsic mechanisms and the effects of antipsychotics. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104744. [PMID: 32534330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are the main contributor of reduced life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia. It is now widely accepted that antipsychotic treatment plays an important role in the development of obesity and its consequences. However, some intrinsic mechanisms need to be taken into consideration. One of these mechanisms might be related to impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in this group of patients. In this narrative review, we aimed to dissect impairments of appetite-regulating hormones attributable to intrinsic mechanisms and those related to medication effects. Early hormonal alterations that might be associated with intrinsic mechanisms include low levels of leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) together with elevated insulin levels in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. However, evidence regarding low GLP-1 levels in FEP patients is based on one large study. In turn, multiple-episode schizophrenia patients show elevated levels of insulin, leptin and orexin A together with decreased levels of adiponectin. In addition, patients receiving olanzapine may present with low ghrelin levels. Post mortem studies have also demonstrated reduced number of neuropeptide Y neurons in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Treatment with certain second-generation antipsychotics may also point to these alterations. Although our understanding of hormonal regulation of appetite in schizophrenia has largely been improved, several limitations and directions for future studies need to be addressed. This is of particular importance since several novel pharmacological interventions for obesity and diabetes have already been developed and translation of these developments to the treatment of cardiometabolic comorbidities in schizophrenia patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Lis
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Liśkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Abdulhadi MH, Hussien NR, Al-Niemi MS, Rasheed HA, Al-Gareeb AI. Involvement of orexinergic system in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders: A scoping review. Brain Circ 2020; 6:70-80. [PMID: 33033776 PMCID: PMC7511915 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_42_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin is a neuropeptide secreted from lateral hypothalamus and pre-frontal cortex concerned in the wakefulness and excitement. This study aimed to review the possible neurobiological effect of orexin. A diversity of search strategies was adopted and assumed which included electronic database searches of Medline and PubMed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words during the search. Orexin plays a vital role in activation of learning, memory acquisition, and consolidation through activation of monoaminergic system, which affect cognitive flexibility and cognitive function. Orexin stimulates adrenocorticotropin and corticosteroid secretions via activation of central corticotropin-releasing hormone. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum orexin serum levels are reduced in depression, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. However, high orexin serum levels are revealed in drug addictions. Regarding neurodegenerative brain diseases, CSF and serum orexin serum levels are reduced Parkinson disease, Alzheimer dementia, Huntington's disease, amyotrphic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Orexin antagonist leads to significant reduction of sympathetic over-activity during withdrawal syndrome. As well, orexin antagonist improves sleep pattern. Orexinergic system is involved in the different psychiatric and neurological disorders; therefore, targeting of this system could be possible novel pathway in the management of these disorders. In addition, measurement of CSF and serum orexin levels might predict the relapse and withdrawal of addict patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - May H Abdulhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nawar R Hussien
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa S Al-Niemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Huda A Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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8
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Li T, Xu W, Ouyang J, Lu X, Sherchan P, Lenahan C, Irio G, Zhang JH, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Tang J. Orexin A alleviates neuroinflammation via OXR2/CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway after ICH in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:187. [PMID: 32539736 PMCID: PMC7294616 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orexins are two neuropeptides (orexin A, OXA; orexin B, OXB) secreted mainly from the lateral hypothalamus, which exert a wide range of physiological effects by activating two types of receptors (orexin receptor 1, OXR1; orexin receptor 2, OXR2). OXA has equal affinity for OXR1 and OXR2, whereas OXB binds preferentially to OXR2. OXA rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier by simple diffusion. Many studies have reported OXA’s protective effect on neurological diseases via regulating inflammatory response which is also a fundamental pathological process in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, neuroprotective mechanisms of OXA have not been explored in ICH. Methods ICH models were established using stereotactic injection of autologous arterial blood into the right basal ganglia of male CD-1 mice. Exogenous OXA was administered intranasally; CaMKKβ inhibitor (STO-609), OXR1 antagonist (SB-334867), and OXR2 antagonist (JNJ-10397049) were administered intraperitoneally. Neurobehavioral tests, hematoma volume, and brain water content were evaluated after ICH. Western blot and ELISA were utilized to evaluate downstream mechanisms. Results OXA, OXR1, and OXR2 were expressed moderately in microglia and astrocytes and abundantly in neurons. Expression of OXA decreased whereas OXR1 and OXR2 increased after ICH. OXA treatment significantly improved not only short-term but also long-term neurofunctional outcomes and reduced brain edema in ipsilateral hemisphere. OXA administration upregulated p-CaMKKβ, p-AMPK, and anti-inflammatory cytokines while downregulated p-NFκB and pro-inflammatory cytokines after ICH; this effect was reversed by STO-609 or JNJ-10397049 but not SB-334867. Conclusions OXA improved neurofunctional outcomes and mitigated brain edema after ICH, possibly through alleviating neuroinflammation via OXR2/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Yunnan, 650032, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.,Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr, Las Cruces, NM, 88001, USA
| | - Giselle Irio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.,Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr, Las Cruces, NM, 88001, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Yunnan, 650032, China.
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Tsuchimine S, Hattori K, Ota M, Hidese S, Teraishi T, Sasayama D, Hori H, Noda T, Yoshida S, Yoshida F, Kunugi H. Reduced plasma orexin-A levels in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2221-2230. [PMID: 31496705 PMCID: PMC6689769 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s209023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the regulation of sleep, appetite and arousal. An altered orexin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to examine whether plasma orexin-A levels differ in patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), or bipolar disorder (BD) compared to in healthy controls. We also examined the possible correlations between plasma orexin-A levels and clinical variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS All participants were Japanese. The sample consisted of 80 patients with schizophrenia (42 women, 52.5%; mean age 36.8 years), 80 patients with MDD (43 women, 53.8%; 43.7 years), and 40 patients with BD (24 women, 60%; 41.1 years), as well as 80 healthy controls (48 women, 60%; 47.0 years). Plasma orexin-A levels were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Mean orexin-A levels were significantly different across the four diagnostic groups (F=4.09; df=3; p=0.007, η2 =0.06). In particular, the patients with BD showed significantly lower orexin-A levels than did the controls. When the median value of the control group (109.8 pg/ml) was set as a cut-off value, subjects whose orexin-A levels were below the cut-off were more common in all psychiatric groups (schizophrenia: 73.8%, x2 =9.56, df=1, p=0.003, OR=2.81, 95% CI: 1.45 to 5.45, d=0.57; MDD: 78.5%, x2 =14.02, df=1, p<0.001, OR=3.65, 95% CI: 1.82 to 7.29, d=0.72; BD: 87.5%, x2 =16.0, df=1, p<0.001, OR=7.00, 95% CI: 2.49 to 19.70, d=1.07). We found no association between plasma orexin-A levels and any clinical symptoms, depression severity, or medication doses. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that plasma orexin-A levels are reduced in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Takamasa Noda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8551, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8551, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8502, Japan
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Liu C, Xue Y, Liu MF, Wang Y, Liu ZR, Diao HL, Chen L. Orexins increase the firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons and participate in motor control in rats. J Neurochem 2018; 147:380-394. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Mei-Fang Liu
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Zi-Ran Liu
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Hui-Ling Diao
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao China
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Patil MR, Bhanushali JT, Nagaraja BM, Keri RS. TiO 2 ZrO 2 composite: Synthesis, characterization and application as a facile, expeditious and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl substituted benzoxazole derivatives. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Choi J, Kim G. Haloamination of an aminoallenylether and subsequent palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions to afford dihydrobenzoxazole derivatives containing conjugated substituents. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Shi WM, Li XH, Liang C, Mo DL. Base-Free Selective O
-Arylation and Sequential [3,3]-Rearrangement of Amidoximes with Diaryliodonium Salts: Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzoxazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
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15
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Orexin Directly Enhances the Excitability of Globus Pallidus Internus Neurons in Rat by Co-activating OX1 and OX2 Receptors. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:365-372. [PMID: 28389870 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin, released from the hypothalamus, has been implicated in various basic non-somatic functions including feeding, the sleep-wakefulness cycle, emotion, and cognition. However, the role of orexin in somatic motor control is still little known. Here, using whole-cell patch clamp recording and immunostaining, we investigated the effect and the underlying receptor mechanism of orexin-A on neurons in the globus pallidus internus (GPi), a critical structure in the basal ganglia and an effective target for deep brain stimulation therapy. Our results showed that orexin-A induced direct postsynaptic excitation of GPi neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The orexin-A-induced excitation was mediated via co-activation of both OX1 and OX2 receptors. Furthermore, the immunostaining results showed that OX1 and OX2 receptors were co-localized in the same GPi neurons. These results suggest that the central orexinergic system actively modulates the motor functions of the basal ganglia via direct innervation on GPi neurons and presumably participates in somatic-non-somatic integration.
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Oruch R, Pryme IF, Engelsen BA, Lund A. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: an easily overlooked neurologic emergency. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:161-175. [PMID: 28144147 PMCID: PMC5248946 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s118438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an unpredictable iatrogenic neurologic emergency condition, mainly arising as an idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic agent use. It is characterized by distinctive clinical features including a change in mental status, generalized rigidity, hyperpyrexia, and dysautonomia. It can be lethal if not diagnosed and treated properly. Mortality and morbidity attributed to this syndrome have recently declined markedly due to greater awareness, earlier diagnosis, and intensive care intervention. In most cases, the syndrome occurs as a result of a rapid increase in a dose of neuroleptic, especially one of the long-acting ones. Pathophysiology behind this syndrome is attributed to a dopamine receptor blockade inside the neurons rendered by the offending drug and excessive calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal myocytes. Laboratory tests, although not diagnostic, may assist in assessing the severity of the syndrome and also the consequent complications. The syndrome has been described in all age groups and occurs more in males than in females. Genetics appears to be central regarding the etiology of the syndrome. Stopping the use of the offending agent, cold intravenous fluids, and removal of the causative agent and its possible active metabolites is the cornerstone of treatment. Periodic observation of psychotic patients recently started on antipsychotic medications, especially those being treated with depot preparations, may aid to an early diagnosis of the syndrome and lead to early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhan Oruch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | | | - Anders Lund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Naeimi H, Rahmatinejad S. Convenient Ultrasound Promoted Synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzoxazoles in the Presence of KCN/Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Catalyst under Mild Conditions. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1053503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Naeimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Gazzola S, Beccalli EM, Bernasconi A, Borelli T, Broggini G, Mazza A. Palladium-Catalysed Carbo- and Hydroamination of Allenyl Ethers and Aminoallenes: Available Entry to Nitrogen-Containing Benzo-Fused Rings. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alice Bernasconi
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Tea Borelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Via Valleggio 9 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alberto Mazza
- DISFARM; Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milano Italy
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Long-term treatment with haloperidol affects neuropeptide S and NPSR mRNA levels in the rat brain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2016; 28:110-6. [PMID: 26467816 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The brainstem-derived neuropeptide S (NPS) has a multidirectional regulatory activity, especially as a potent anxiolytic factor. Accumulating data suggests that neuroleptics affect peptidergic signalling in various brain structures. However, there is no information regarding the influence of haloperidol on NPS and NPS receptor (NPSR) expression. METHODS We assessed NPS and NPSR mRNA levels in brains of rats treated with haloperidol using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Chronic haloperidol treatment (4 weeks) led to a striking upregulation of NPS and NPSR expression in the rat brainstem. Conversely, the NPSR mRNA expression was decreased in the hippocampus and striatum. CONCLUSIONS This stark increase of NPS in response to haloperidol treatment supports the hypothesis that this neuropeptide is involved in the dopamine-dependent anxiolytic actions of neuroleptics and possibly also in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. Furthermore, our findings underline the complex nature of potential interactions between dopamine receptors and brain peptidergic pathways, which has potential clinical applications.
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Ligand-promoted, copper nanoparticles catalyzed one-pot synthesis of substituted benzoxazoles from 2-bromoanilines and acyl chlorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chee MJS, Douris N, Forrow AB, Monnard A, Lu S, Flaherty SE, Adams AC, Maratos-Flier E. Melanin-concentrating hormone is necessary for olanzapine-inhibited locomotor activity in male mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1808-16. [PMID: 26092201 PMCID: PMC4609648 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ), an atypical antipsychotic, can be effective in treating patients with restricting type anorexia nervosa who exercise excessively. Clinical improvements include weight gain and reduced pathological hyperactivity. However the neuronal populations and mechanisms underlying OLZ actions are not known. We studied the effects of OLZ on hyperactivity using male mice lacking the hypothalamic neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCHKO) that are lean and hyperactive. We compared the in vivo effects of systemic or intra-accumbens nucleus (Acb) OLZ administration on locomotor activity in WT and MCHKO littermates. Acute systemic OLZ treatment in WT mice significantly reduced locomotor activity, an effect that is substantially attenuated in MCHKO mice. Furthermore, OLZ infusion directly into the Acb of WT mice reduced locomotor activity, but not in MCHKO mice. To identify contributing neuronal mechanisms, we assessed the effect of OLZ treatment on Acb synaptic transmission ex vivo and in vitro. Intraperitoneal OLZ treatment reduced Acb GABAergic activity in WT but not MCHKO neurons. This effect was also seen in vitro by applying OLZ to acute brain slices. OLZ reduced the frequency and amplitude of GABAergic activity that was more robust in WT than MCHKO Acb. These findings indicate that OLZ reduced Acb GABAergic transmission and that MCH is necessary for the hypolocomotor effects of OLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J S Chee
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Douris
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Avery B Forrow
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arnaud Monnard
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuangyu Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen E Flaherty
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew C Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chien YL, Liu CM, Shan JC, Lee HJ, Hsieh MH, Hwu HG, Chiou LC. Elevated plasma orexin A levels in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia associated with fewer negative and disorganized symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 53:1-9. [PMID: 25560205 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orexin A and B, a pair of hypothalamic neuropeptides also named hypocretin 1 and 2, play a role in the regulation of arousal, appetite, reward, attention, and cognition. Animal studies showed that antipsychotics can activate orexin neurons in a manner correlated with their weight gain liability. However, little is known about the role of orexin in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of plasma orexin level with clinical symptom profile, neurocognitive functioning and weight gain liability of the antipsychotics taken in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We measured plasma levels of orexin A in 127 patients with schizophrenia and 34 healthy controls by radioimmunoassay. In patients, we assessed clinical symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and executive function by the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WCST), and examined their associations with plasma orexin A level. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia had a significantly higher mean orexin A level than healthy controls (60.7±37.9 vs. 38.8±15.5pg/ml). Patients were divided into two subgroups based on their orexin A levels that were distributed in two clusters divided by 80pg/ml. Patients in the high-orexin subgroup had significantly fewer negative and disorganized symptoms, and tended to have fewer perseverative errors, more failure to maintain set yet comparable category achieved on the WCST than the normal-orexin subgroup. There was no significant difference in orexin A levels among patients taking antipsychotics with different weight gain liabilities. CONCLUSION Higher level of orexin A seems to be related to favorable clinical symptom profiles of schizophrenia, but the causal relationship needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hu B, Yang N, Qiao QC, Hu ZA, Zhang J. Roles of the orexin system in central motor control. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 49:43-54. [PMID: 25511388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptides orexin-A and orexin-B are produced by one group of neurons located in the lateral hypothalamic/perifornical area. However, the orexins are widely released in entire brain including various central motor control structures. Especially, the loss of orexins has been demonstrated to associate with several motor deficits. Here, we first summarize the present knowledge that describes the anatomical and morphological connections between the orexin system and various central motor control structures. In the next section, the direct influence of orexins on related central motor control structures is reviewed at molecular, cellular, circuitry, and motor activity levels. After the summarization, the characteristic and functional relevance of the orexin system's direct influence on central motor control function are demonstrated and discussed. We also propose a hypothesis as to how the orexin system orchestrates central motor control in a homeostatic regulation manner. Besides, the importance of the orexin system's phasic modulation on related central motor control structures is highlighted in this regulation manner. Finally, a scheme combining the homeostatic regulation of orexin system on central motor control and its effects on other brain functions is presented to discuss the role of orexin system beyond the pure motor activity level, but at the complex behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qi-Cheng Qiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhi-An Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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Abstract
The orexin neuropeptides bind to two G protein-coupled receptors, orexin-1 and -2. Small-molecule antagonism of the receptors has potential therapeutic utility in a number of areas, most notably insomnia, for which the most advanced dual orexin receptor antagonist has now completed clinical trials. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review small-molecule orexin antagonist patent activity during the period 2009-2011.
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Application of nano SnO2 as a green and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl or alkylbenzoxazole derivatives under ambient temperature. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Salehzadeh H, Nematollahi D. A non-covalent complex based on catechol–benzoxazole moieties: electrochemical synthesis and characterization. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of a novel non-covalent complex was carried out via the electrooxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol in the presence of 2-methoxybenzylamine.
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Central administration of an orexin receptor 1 antagonist prevents the stimulatory effect of Olanzapine on endogenous glucose production. Brain Res 2013; 1527:238-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dandia A, Parewa V, Rathore KS. Synthesis and characterization of CdS and Mn doped CdS nanoparticles and their catalytic application for chemoselective synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles in aqueous medium. CATAL COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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29
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Eco-friendly synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles catalyzed by silica sulfuric acid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Catalyst-free synthesis of coumarin-, quinolone- and pyridine-annulated oxazole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Riday TT, Fish EW, Robinson JE, Jarrett TM, McGuigan MM, Malanga CJ. Orexin-1 receptor antagonism does not reduce the rewarding potency of cocaine in Swiss-Webster mice. Brain Res 2012; 1431:53-61. [PMID: 22133306 PMCID: PMC3246553 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The orexin family of hypothalamic neuropeptides has been implicated in reinforcement mechanisms relevant to both food and drug reward. Previous behavioral studies with antagonists at the orexin A-selective receptor, OX(1), have demonstrated its involvement in behavioral sensitization, conditioned place-preference, and self-administration of drugs of abuse. Adult male Swiss-Webster mice were implanted with stimulating electrodes to the lateral hypothalamus and trained to perform intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). The effects of the OX(1)-selective antagonist SB 334867 on brain stimulation-reward (BSR) and cocaine potentiation of BSR were measured. SB 334867 (10-30mg/kg, i.p.) alone had no effect on ICSS performance or BSR threshold. Cocaine (1.0-30mg/kgi.p.) dose-dependently potentiated BSR, measured as lowering of BSR threshold. This effect was not blocked by 30mg/kg SB 334867 at any cocaine dose tested. In agreement with previous reports, SB 334867 resulted in a reduction of body weight 24h after acute administration. Based on these data, it is concluded that orexins acting at OX(1) do not contribute to BSR; and are not involved in the reward-potentiating actions of cocaine on BSR. The data are discussed in the context of prior findings of SB 334867 effects on drug-seeking and drug-consuming behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorfinn T Riday
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Sharghi H, Aberi M, Doroodmand MM. One-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazole, 2-arylbenzothiazole and 2-arylbenzoxazole derivatives using vanadium(IV)–salen complex as homogeneous catalyst and vanadium(IV)–salen complex nanoparticles immobilized onto silica as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-011-0045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Phenylboronic acid catalyzed-cyanide promoted, one-pot synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Li P, Wang L. An Efficient and Practical Synthesis of Benzoxazoles from Acyl Chlorides and 2-Aminophenols Catalyzed by Lewis Acid In(OTf)3 under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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An efficient potassium cyanide-promoted synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles from [4.3.0]boron heterobicycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Saha P, Ramana T, Purkait N, Ali MA, Paul R, Punniyamurthy T. Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Benzimidazoles, 2-Aminobenzimidazoles, 2-Aminobenzothiazoles, and Benzoxazoles. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8719-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901813g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Tamminana Ramana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Nibadita Purkait
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Md Ashif Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Rajesh Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
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Smith RJ, See RE, Aston-Jones G. Orexin/hypocretin signaling at the orexin 1 receptor regulates cue-elicited cocaine-seeking. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 30:493-503. [PMID: 19656173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The orexin/hypocretin system has recently been implicated in reward-processing and addiction. We examined the involvement of the orexin system in cue-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking by administering the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) or the orexin 2 receptor antagonist 4-pyridylmethyl (S)-tert-leucyl 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4PT) prior to reinstatement testing. Male Sprague Dawley rats self-administered cocaine in 2-h sessions for 10 days, followed by extinction training. Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking was elicited by presentation of tone + light cues previously paired with cocaine infusions. SB (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking without significantly affecting responding during late extinction. 4PT (10 and 30 mg/kg) did not significantly alter cue-induced reinstatement. In separate experiments, the highest doses of SB and 4PT had no significant effect on established cocaine self-administration, and 4PT reduced spontaneous activity in a locomotor test to a greater extent than SB. Finally, SB (30 mg/kg) had no effect on the acquisition of cocaine-paired cues during a Pavlovian cocaine-stimulus conditioning session in the operant chamber. Pretreatment with SB prior to the Pavlovian acquisition session had no effect on subsequent cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking elicited by those cues. However, pretreatment with SB prior to a second reinstatement session in the same animals significantly attenuated the expression of cue-induced reinstatement. These results show that orexin transmission at the orexin 1 receptor, but not the orexin 2 receptor, is necessary for the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking elicited by drug-paired cues and that orexin signaling is not critical for cocaine reinforcement or cocaine-stimulus conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Smith
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-5100, USA
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Chen Y, Qian L, Zhang W, Han B. Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzoxazoles, Benzothiazoles, and Benzimidazoles Catalyzed by 4‐Methoxy‐TEMPO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
| | - Ling‐Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
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Chen Y, Qian L, Zhang W, Han B. Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzoxazoles, Benzothiazoles, and Benzimidazoles Catalyzed by 4‐Methoxy‐TEMPO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9330-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
| | - Ling‐Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 931‐891‐2582
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Aston-Jones G, Smith RJ, Moorman DE, Richardson KA. Role of lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward processing and addiction. Neuropharmacology 2008; 56 Suppl 1:112-21. [PMID: 18655797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are recently discovered neuropeptides made exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have been shown to be important in narcolepsy/cataplexy and arousal. Here, we conducted behavioral, anatomical and neurophysiological studies that show that a subset of these cells, located specifically in lateral hypothalamus (LH), are involved in reward processing and addictive behaviors. We found that Fos expression in LH orexin neurons varied in proportion to preference for morphine, cocaine or food. This relationship obtained both in drug naïve rats and in animals during protracted morphine withdrawal, when drug preference was elevated but food preference was decreased. Recent studies showed that LH orexin neurons that project to ventral tegmental area (VTA) have greater Fos induction in association with elevated morphine preference during protracted withdrawal than non-VTA-projecting orexin neurons, indicating that the VTA is an important site of action for orexin's role in reward processing. In addition, we found that stimulation of LH orexin neurons, or microinjection of orexin into VTA, reinstated an extinguished morphine preference. Most recently, using a self-administration paradigm we discovered that the Ox1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) blocks cocaine-seeking induced by discrete or contextual cues, but not by a priming injection of cocaine. Neurophysiological studies revealed that locally applied orexin often augmented responses of VTA dopamine (DA) neurons to activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), consistent with the view that orexin facilitates activation of VTA DA neurons by stimulus-reward associations. We also recently showed that orexin in VTA is necessary for learning a morphine place preference. These findings are consistent with results from others showing that orexin facilitates glutamate-mediated responses, and is necessary for glutamate-dependent long-term potentiation, in VTA DA neurons. We surmise from these studies that LH orexin neurons play an important role in reward processing and addiction, and that LH orexin cells are an important input to VTA for behavioral effects associated with reward-paired stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Aston-Jones
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Basic Science Building 403, 173 Ashley Avenue, MSC 510, Charleston, SC 29425-5100, USA.
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Viirre RD, Evindar G, Batey RA. Copper-Catalyzed Domino Annulation Approaches to the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles under Microwave-Accelerated and Conventional Thermal Conditions. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3452-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell D. Viirre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ghotas Evindar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Robert A. Batey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Systemic and nasal delivery of orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates. J Neurosci 2008; 27:14239-47. [PMID: 18160631 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3878-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) was administered to sleep-deprived (30-36 h) rhesus monkeys immediately preceding testing on a multi-image delayed match-to-sample (DMS) short-term memory task. The DMS task used multiple delays and stimulus images and effectively measures cognitive defects produced by sleep deprivation (Porrino et al., 2005). Two methods of administration of orexin-A were tested, intravenous injections (2.5-10.0 microg/kg, i.v.) and a novel method developed for nasal delivery via an atomizer spray mist to the nostrils (dose estimated 1.0 microg/kg). Results showed that orexin-A delivered via the intravenous and nasal routes significantly improved performance in sleep-deprived monkeys; however, the nasal delivery method was significantly more effective than the highest dose (10 microg/kg) of intravenous orexin-A tested. The improvement in performance by orexin-A was specific to trials classified as high versus low cognitive load as determined by performance difficulty under normal testing conditions. Except for the maximum intravenous dose (10 microg/kg), neither delivery method affected task performance in alert non-sleep-deprived animals. The improved performance in sleep-deprived animals was accompanied by orexin-A related alterations in local cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in specific brain regions shown previously to be engaged by the task and impaired by sleep deprivation (Porrino et al., 2005). Consistent with the differential effects on performance, nasal delivered orexin-A produced a more pronounced reversal of sleep deprivation induced changes in brain metabolic activity (CMRglc) than intravenous orexin-A. These findings provide strong evidence for the effectiveness of intranasal orexin-A in alleviating cognitive deficits produced by loss of sleep.
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Abstract
Diminished connectivity between midline-intralaminar thalamic nuclei and prefrontal cortex has been suggested to contribute to cognitive deficits that are detectable even in early stages of schizophrenia. The midline-intralaminar relay cells comprise the final link in the ascending arousal pathway and are selectively excited by the wake-promoting peptides hypocretin 1 and 2 (orexin A and B). This excitation occurs both at the level of the relay cell bodies and their axon terminals within prefrontal cortex. In rat brain slices, the release of glutamate from midline-intralaminar thalamocortical terminals induces excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in layer V pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex. When hypocretin is infused into medial prefrontal cortex of behaving animals, it improves performance in a complex cognitive task requiring divided attention. Chronic restraint stress causes atrophy of the apical dendritic arbors in layer V prefrontal pyramidal cells and leads to a reduction in hypocretin-induced EPSCs, indicating impairment in excitatory thalamocortical transmission. Thus, taken together with evidence for an underlying loss of excitatory thalamocortical connectivity in schizophrenia, stress in this illness could further exacerbate a breakdown in cortical processing of incoming information from the ascending arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Rasmussen K, Hsu MA, Noone S, Johnson BG, Thompson LK, Hemrick-Luecke SK. The orexin-1 antagonist SB-334867 blocks antipsychotic treatment emergent catalepsy: implications for the treatment of extrapyramidal symptoms. Schizophr Bull 2007; 33:1291-7. [PMID: 17660489 PMCID: PMC2779883 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbm087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the orexin-1 antagonist SB-334867 blocks the electrophysiological effects of haloperidol and olanzapine on the activity of A9 and A10 dopamine neurons. To evaluate if orexin-1 antagonists might block other effects of antipsychotic drugs in animals, we examined the effects of SB-334867 on behavioral, neurochemical, and neuroendocrine effects of antipsychotic drugs. Pretreatment with SB-334867 (0.01-10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [IP]) significantly decreased the catalepsy produced by the administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, subcutaneous [SC]), risperidone (2 mg/kg, SC), and olanzapine (10 mg/kg, SC). Administration of SB-334467 also reversed catalepsy after it had been established in animals pretreated 2 hours earlier with haloperidol. However, pretreatment with SB-334867 (1-10 mg/kg, IP) did not block the decreases in exploratory locomotor activity produced by administration of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, SC) or risperidone (0.3 mg/kg, SC). In addition, pretreatment with SB-334867 (1-10 mg/kg, IP) neither blocked the increased levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens or striatum nor the elevation in serum prolactin produced by administration of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, SC) and risperidone (1 mg/kg, SC). Administration of SB-334867 alone neither changed locomotor activity and DOPAC or prolactin levels nor produced catalepsy. These results show that orexin-1 antagonists block the catoleptogenic effects of antipsychotics but do not block other locomotor, neurochemical, or neuroendocrine effects of antipsychotics. Because catalepsy is thought to be a good predictor of extrapyramidal symptoms in humans, treatment with orexin-1 antagonists might decrease the occurrence or severity of antipsychotic treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Rasmussen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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