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Amlung M, Marsden E, Hargreaves T, Sweet LH, Murphy JG, MacKillop J. Neural correlates of increased alcohol demand following alcohol cue exposure in adult heavy drinkers. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111809. [PMID: 38547596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is associated with overvaluation of alcohol relative to other rewards, in part due to dynamic increases in value in response to alcohol-related cues. In a neuroeconomic framework, alcohol cues increase behavioral economic demand for alcohol, but the neural correlates these cue effects are unknown. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study combined a neuroeconomic alcohol purchase task with an alcohol cue exposure in 72 heavy drinkers with established sensitivity to alcohol cues (51 % female; mean age=33.74). Participants reported how many drinks they would consume from $0-$80/drink following exposure to neutral and alcohol images in a fixed order. Participants purchased significantly more drinks in the alcohol compared to the neutral condition, which was also evident for demand indices (i.e., intensity, breakpoint, Omax, elasticity; ps<0.001; ds=0.46-0.92). Alcohol purchase decisions were associated with activation in rostral middle and medial frontal gyri, anterior insula, posterior parietal cortex, and dorsal striatum, among other regions. Activation was lower across regions in the alcohol relative to neutral cue condition, potentially due to greater automaticity of choices in the presence of alcohol cues or attenuation of responses due to fixed cue order. These results contribute to growing literature using neuroeconomics to understand alcohol misuse and provide a foundation for future research investigating decision-making effects of environmental alcohol triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amlung
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Emma Marsden
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tegan Hargreaves
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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2
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Cofresí RU, Upton S, Brown AA, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD, Froeliger B. Mesocorticolimbic system reactivity to alcohol use-related visual cues as a function of alcohol sensitivity phenotype: A pilot fMRI study. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 11:100156. [PMID: 38938269 PMCID: PMC11209874 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Low sensitivity (LS) to alcohol is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Compared to peers with high sensitivity (HS), LS individuals drink more, report more problems, and exhibit potentiated alcohol cue reactivity (ACR). Heightened ACR suggests LS confers AUD risk via incentive sensitization, which is thought to take place in the mesocorticolimbic system. This study examined neural ACR in LS and HS individuals. Young adults (N = 32, M age=20.3) were recruited based on the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire (HS: n = 16; LS: n = 16; 9 females/group). Participants completed an event-related fMRI ACR task. Group LS had higher ACR in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex than group HS. In group LS, ACR in left caudomedial orbitofrontal cortex or left putamen was low at low alcohol use levels and high at heavier or more problematic alcohol use levels, whereas the opposite was true in group HS. Alcohol use level also was associated with the level of ACR in left substantia nigra among males in group LS. Taken together, results suggest elevated mesocorticolimbic ACR among LS individuals, especially those using alcohol at hazardous levels. Future studies with larger samples are warranted to determine the neurobiological loci underlying LS-based amplified ACR and AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U. Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
| | - Spencer Upton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
| | - Alexander A. Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA
| | | | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri - Columbia, USA
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3
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Nieto SJ, Grodin EN, Ray LA. Neural correlates of the addictions neuroclinical assessment (ANA) incentive salience factor among individuals with alcohol use disorder. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114926. [PMID: 38431152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a recently-developed framework offering a more holistic understanding of three neurofunctional and behavioral domains that reflect the neurobiological dysfunction seen in alcohol use disorder (AUD). While the ANA domains have been well-validated across independent laboratories, there is a critical need to identify neural markers that subserve the proposed neurofunctional domains. The current study involves secondary data analysis of a two-week experimental medication trial of ibudilast (50 mg BID). Forty-five non-treatment-seeking participants with AUD (17F / 28 M) completed a battery of validated behavioral assessments forming the basis of their incentive salience factor score, computed via factor analysis, as well as a functional neuroimaging (fMRI) task assessing their neural reactivity to visual alcohol cues after being on placebo or ibudilast for 7 days. General linear models were conducted to examine the relationship between incentive salience and neural alcohol cue-reactivity in the ventral and dorsal stratum. Whole-brain generalized linear model analyses were conducted to examine associations between neural alcohol cue-reactivity and incentive salience. Age, sex, medication, and smoking status were included as covariates. Incentive salience was not associated with cue-elicited activation in the dorsal or ventral striatum. Incentive salience was significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05) with alcohol cue-elicited brain activation in reward-learning and affective regions including the insula and posterior cingulate cortices, bilateral precuneus, and bilateral precentral gyri. The ANA incentive salience factor is reflected in brain circuitry important for reward learning and emotion processing. Identifying a sub-phenotype of AUD characterized by increased incentive salience to alcohol cues allows for precision medicine approaches, i.e. treatments specifically targeting craving and reward from alcohol use. This study serves as a preliminary bio-behavioral validation for the incentive salience factor of the ANA. Further studies validating the neural correlates of other ANA factors, as well as replication in larger samples, appear warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Kirsch DE, Ray LA, Wassum KM, Grodin EN. Anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex alcohol cue reactivity varies as a function of drink preference in alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111123. [PMID: 38367535 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional MRI visual cue reactivity studies have not considered that brain responses to various alcohol-containing beverage types may vary as a function of an individual's drinking patterns and preferences. This study tested whether the brain's reward system responds differently to visual cues associated with an individuals' most commonly consumed ("preferred") alcohol beverage compared with less commonly consumed ("non-preferred") alcohol beverages in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS Participants (N=70) with current AUD completed a standard visual alcohol cue reactivity procedure during fMRI and reported recent alcohol use through the Timeline Followback interview. Alcohol use patterns were used to infer drink preference. Repeated measure ANCOVAs were used to evaluate differences in subjective craving (alcohol urge) and neural reactivity to cues of individual's "preferred" versus "non-preferred" alcohol beverages. RESULTS Fifty-four (77%) participants were determined to have a "preferred" alcohol beverage, as defined by their pattern of alcohol use. These participants reported greater subjective alcohol urge (p=0.02) and activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p=0.005) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (p=0.001)) in response to visual cues associated with their "preferred" versus "non-preferred" alcohol beverage. Individuals with an alcohol preference did not differ from those with no alcohol preference on subjective or neural responses to their "preferred" and "non-preferred" alcohol cues. DISCUSSION Results suggest alcohol cue-elicited subjective and neural responses vary as a function of alcohol beverage preference in individuals with AUD and a behaviorally defined alcohol preference. Stronger ACC and mPFC activation may reflect greater subjective value of an individual's "preferred" alcohol beverage cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Kirsch
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kate M Wassum
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Singh G, Campbell EM, Hogeveen J, Witkiewitz K, Claus ED, Cavanagh JF. Affective imagery boosts the reward related delta power in hazardous drinkers. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 334:111685. [PMID: 37506424 PMCID: PMC10574688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The Reward Positivity (RewP) is an event-related potential component with a delta band spectral representation that is elicited by reward receipt. Evidence suggests that RewP is modulated by both reward probability as well as affective valuation ("liking"). Here we determined whether RewP is a marker of enhanced hedonic salience of alcohol images in hazardous drinkers. We recruited 54 participants (Hazardous Drinkers = 28, Control = 26) who completed a reinforcement learning task with affective versus alcohol imagery during feedback. The learning task used images of puppies vs. alcohol paired with reinforcing feedback. Both groups rated categories of affective images (puppies, scenery, babies, neutral) similarly, but the hazardous drinking group rated alcohol significantly higher. There were no group differences in performance or in RewP amplitudes, even as a function of alcohol imagery. Contrary to prior findings, we did not observe a significant correlation between alcohol image rating and alcohol-specific RewP amplitude, although we did observe this relationship with the alcohol-specific delta band spectral representation of RewP. Within hazardous drinking group, there was significant correlation between hazardous drinking (AUDIT score) and alcohol-specific RewP indicating an inter-individual influence of drinking habits on affect specific RewP. These findings suggest a domain-specific enhancement of reward responsiveness in hazardous drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Ethan M Campbell
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Hogeveen
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Eric D Claus
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico and The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James F Cavanagh
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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Campbell EM, Singh G, Claus ED, Witkiewitz K, Costa VD, Hogeveen J, Cavanagh JF. Electrophysiological Markers of Aberrant Cue-Specific Exploration in Hazardous Drinkers. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 7:47-59. [PMID: 38774639 PMCID: PMC11104413 DOI: 10.5334/cpsy.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Hazardous drinking is associated with maladaptive alcohol-related decision-making. Existing studies have often focused on how participants learn to exploit familiar cues based on prior reinforcement, but little is known about the mechanisms that drive hazardous drinkers to explore novel alcohol cues when their value is not known. Methods We investigated exploration of novel alcohol and non-alcohol cues in hazardous drinkers (N = 27) and control participants (N = 26) during electroencephalography (EEG). A normative computational model with two free parameters was fit to estimate participants' weighting of the future value of exploration and immediate value of exploitation. Results Hazardous drinkers demonstrated increased exploration of novel alcohol cues, and conversely, increased probability of exploiting familiar alternatives instead of exploring novel non-alcohol cues. The motivation to explore novel alcohol stimuli in hazardous drinkers was driven by an elevated relative future valuation of uncertain alcohol cues. P3a predicted more exploratory decision policies driven by an enhanced relative future valuation of novel alcohol cues. P3b did not predict choice behavior, but computational parameter estimates suggested that hazardous drinkers with enhanced P3b to alcohol cues were likely to learn to exploit their immediate expected value. Conclusions Hazardous drinkers did not display atypical choice behavior, different P3a/P3b amplitudes, or computational estimates to novel non-alcohol cues-diverging from previous studies in addiction showing atypical generalized explore-exploit decisions with non-drug-related cues. These findings reveal that cue-specific neural computations may drive aberrant alcohol-related decision-making in hazardous drinkers-highlighting the importance of drug-relevant cues in studies of decision-making in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M. Campbell
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - Eric D. Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, US
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - Vincent D. Costa
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, US
| | - Jeremy Hogeveen
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - James F. Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
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7
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Hu Y, Dong F, Xue T, Zhou M, Huang R, Sui F, Guo Q, Hou W, Cai W, Yuan K, Wang H, Yu D. Glutamate levels in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and resting‐state functional connectivity within reward circuits in alcohol‐dependent patients. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13272. [PMID: 37016753 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in understanding the neural mechanisms associated with alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. However, the interactions within the reward circuits of the patients need further exploration. Glutamatergic projections from the prefrontal cortex to some brain regions are present in the reward circuit. However, little is known about the potential implications of glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex on abnormal interactions within reward circuits in AD patients. To determine the potential roles of reward circuits in drinking, we investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and multivariate Granger causality analysis between 20 AD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC). The neuroimaging findings were then correlated with clinical variables (alcohol use disorder identification test). The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC) is believed to play a critical role in addiction disorders, and glutamatergic projections from the prefrontal cortex to several regions of the brain are present in reward circuits. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was also performed to assess the difference in glutamate levels in VmPFC between AD patients and HC. The results showed that the strength of functional connectivity in the reward circuit was generally attenuated in AD patients, and the reciprocal enhancement of activity between the right insula, left thalamus and VmPFC was found to be significantly greater in AD patients. It is worth noting that although glutamate levels in the VmPFC did not show significant differences between the two groups, the level of glutamate in the VmPFC was significantly correlated with RSFC. We hope that the current findings will help us to develop new intervention models based on the important role of the VmPFC in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Fang Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
- School of Science Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Ruoyan Huang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
| | - Feng Sui
- Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital Xilinhaote China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital Xilinhaote China
| | - Wenbao Hou
- Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital Xilinhaote China
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital Xilinhaote China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education Xi'an China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans‐Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China
| | - Hongde Wang
- Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital Xilinhaote China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou China
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Maximizing the use of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as a two-step screening tool. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107521. [PMID: 36332516 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) measurement invariance and no study has done so across clinically relevant drinking subgroups (e.g., unhealthy drinkers [UHDs] and those drinking below unhealthy drinking thresholds [non-UHDs]). Study 1 evaluated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the AUDIT across UHDs/non-UHDs (n = 1,350, 79.3 % female, 31.2 % UHDs). Study 2 validated a statistically derived 8-item AUDIT (AUDIT-8) in an independent sample of UHDs (n = 238, 49.2 % female). Confirmatory factor analysis examined factor structure and measurement invariance between UHDs/non-UHDs. Item response theory and differential item functioning evaluated sources of variance and removed problematic items, yielding the AUDIT-8. Predictive validity and test-retest reliability of the AUDIT-8 were examined. In study 2, convergent validity and factor structure of the AUDIT-8 were examined. A unidimensional AUDIT model fit best. Invariance models suggested differences across UHDs/non-UHDs. Items 1-3 (consumption) were most relevant for the non-UHDs. Items 4-8 (problems) were most relevant for UHDs; however, items 4-8 were not relevant and rarely endorsed among non-UHDs. Items 9-10 performed poorly in both groups. Test-retest reliability and predictive validity of AUDIT-8 was acceptable. In a second sample of UHDs, AUDIT-8 had a unidimensional structure and acceptable convergent validity with measures of consumption, affect and drinking motives. Results suggest that only items 1-3 of the AUDIT should be administered in screenings for UHD among university students, with items 4-8 administered among positive screens to confirm UHD. Items 9-10 should be removed. Implications for AUDIT-8 as a two-part screening tool are discussed.
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9
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Beck A, Ebrahimi C, Rosenthal A, Charlet K, Heinz A. The Dopamine System in Mediating Alcohol Effects in Humans. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36705911 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain-imaging studies show that the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is determined by a complex interaction of different neurotransmitter systems and multiple psychological factors. In this context, the dopaminergic reinforcement system appears to be of fundamental importance. We focus on the excitatory and depressant effects of acute versus chronic alcohol intake and its impact on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, we describe alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission as associated with symptoms of alcohol dependence. We specifically focus on neuroadaptations to chronic alcohol consumption and their effect on central processing of alcohol-associated and reward-related stimuli. Altered reward processing, complex conditioning processes, impaired reinforcement learning, and increased salience attribution to alcohol-associated stimuli enable alcohol cues to drive alcohol seeking and consumption. Finally, we will discuss how the neurobiological and neurochemical mechanisms of alcohol-associated alterations in reward processing and learning can interact with stress, cognition, and emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beck
- Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Ray LA, Nieto SJ, Grodin EN. Translational models of addiction phenotypes to advance addiction pharmacotherapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:118-128. [PMID: 36385614 PMCID: PMC10823887 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and substance use disorders are heterogeneous conditions with limited effective treatment options. While there have been prior attempts to classify addiction subtypes, they have not been translated into clinical practice. In an effort to better understand heterogeneity in psychiatric disorders, the National Institute for Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) has challenged scientists to think beyond diagnostic symptoms and to consider the underlying features of psychopathology from a neuroscience-based framework. The field of addiction has grappled with this approach by considering several key constructs with the potential to capture RDoC domains. This critical review will focus on the efforts to apply translational models of addiction phenomenology in human clinical samples, including their relative strengths and weaknesses. Opportunities for forward and reverse translation are also discussed. Deep behavioral phenotyping using neuroscience-informed batteries shows promise for a better understanding of the clinical neuroscience of addiction and advancing precision medicine for alcohol and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Shirley & Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J. Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Anderson P, Kokole D, Jané Llopis E, Burton R, Lachenmeier DW. Lower Strength Alcohol Products—A Realist Review-Based Road Map for European Policy Making. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183779. [PMID: 36145155 PMCID: PMC9500668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the result of a realist review based on a theory of change that substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength alcohol products leads to decreases in overall levels of alcohol consumption in populations and consumer groups. The paper summarizes the results of 128 publications across twelve different themes. European consumers are increasingly buying and drinking lower strength alcohol products over time, with some two fifths doing so to drink less alcohol. It tends to be younger more socially advantaged men, and existing heavier buyers and drinkers of alcohol, who take up lower strength alcohol products. Substitution leads to a lower number of grams of alcohol bought and drunk. Although based on limited studies, buying and drinking lower strength products do not appear to act as gateways to buying and drinking higher strength products. Producer companies are increasing the availability of lower strength alcohol products, particularly for beer, with extra costs of production offset by income from sales. Lower strength alcohol products tend to be marketed as compliments to, rather than substitutes of, existing alcohol consumption, with, to date, the impact of such marketing not evaluated. Production of lower strength alcohol products could impair the impact of existing alcohol policy through alibi marketing (using the brand of lower strength products to promote higher strength products), broadened normalization of drinking cultures, and pressure to weaken policies. In addition to increasing the availability of lower strength products and improved labelling, the key policy that favours substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength products is an alcohol tax based on the dose of alcohol across all products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Daša Kokole
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané Llopis
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robyn Burton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Straße 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Farruggia MC, Pellegrino R, Scheinost D. Functional Connectivity of the Chemosenses: A Review. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:865929. [PMID: 35813269 PMCID: PMC9257046 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.865929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity approaches have long been used in cognitive neuroscience to establish pathways of communication between and among brain regions. However, the use of these analyses to better understand how the brain processes chemosensory information remains nascent. In this review, we conduct a literature search of all functional connectivity papers of olfaction, gustation, and chemesthesis, with 103 articles discovered in total. These publications largely use approaches of seed-based functional connectivity and psychophysiological interactions, as well as effective connectivity approaches such as Granger Causality, Dynamic Causal Modeling, and Structural Equation Modeling. Regardless of modality, studies largely focus on elucidating neural correlates of stimulus qualities such as identity, pleasantness, and intensity, with task-based paradigms most frequently implemented. We call for further "model free" or data-driven approaches in predictive modeling to craft brain-behavior relationships that are free from a priori hypotheses and not solely based on potentially irreproducible literature. Moreover, we note a relative dearth of resting-state literature, which could be used to better understand chemosensory networks with less influence from motion artifacts induced via gustatory or olfactory paradigms. Finally, we note a lack of genomics data, which could clarify individual and heritable differences in chemosensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Farruggia
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Michael C. Farruggia,
| | | | - Dustin Scheinost
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, CT, United States,Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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13
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Pérez-Ramírez Ú, López-Madrona VJ, Pérez-Segura A, Pallarés V, Moreno A, Ciccocioppo R, Hyytiä P, Sommer WH, Moratal D, Canals S. Brain Network Allostasis after Chronic Alcohol Drinking Is Characterized by Functional Dedifferentiation and Narrowing. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4401-4413. [PMID: 35437279 PMCID: PMC9145238 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0389-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes complex alterations in the brain that are poorly understood. The heterogeneity of drinking patterns and the high incidence of comorbid factors compromise mechanistic investigations in AUD patients. Here we used male Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats, a well established animal model of chronic alcohol drinking, and a combination of longitudinal resting-state fMRI and manganese-enhanced MRI to provide objective measurements of brain connectivity and activity, respectively. We found that 1 month of chronic alcohol drinking changed the correlation between resting-state networks. The change was not homogeneous, resulting in the reorganization of pairwise interactions and a shift in the equilibrium of functional connections. We identified two fundamentally different forms of network reorganization. First is functional dedifferentiation, which is defined as a regional increase in neuronal activity and overall correlation, with a concomitant decrease in preferential connectivity between specific networks. Through this mechanism, occipital cortical areas lost their specific interaction with sensory-insular cortex, striatal, and sensorimotor networks. Second is functional narrowing, which is defined as an increase in neuronal activity and preferential connectivity between specific brain networks. Functional narrowing strengthened the interaction between striatal and prefrontocortical networks, involving the anterior insular, cingulate, orbitofrontal, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices. Importantly, these two types of alterations persisted after alcohol discontinuation, suggesting that dedifferentiation and functional narrowing rendered persistent network states. Our results support the idea that chronic alcohol drinking, albeit at moderate intoxicating levels, induces an allostatic change in the brain functional connectivity that propagates into early abstinence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Excessive consumption of alcohol is positioned among the top five risk factors for disease and disability. Despite this priority, the transformations that the nervous system undergoes from an alcohol-naive state to a pathologic alcohol drinking are not well understood. In our study, we use an animal model with proven translational validity to study this transformation longitudinally. The results show that shortly after chronic alcohol consumption there is an increase in redundant activity shared by brain structures, and the specific communication shrinks to a set of pathways. This functional dedifferentiation and narrowing are not reversed immediately after alcohol withdrawal but persist during early abstinence. We causally link chronic alcohol drinking with an early and abstinence-persistent retuning of the functional equilibrium of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Pérez-Ramírez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor J López-Madrona
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Andrés Pérez-Segura
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Vicente Pallarés
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Andrea Moreno
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | | | - Petri Hyytiä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Moratal
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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14
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Creswell KG, Sayette MA. How laboratory studies of cigarette craving can inform the experimental alcohol craving literature. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:344-358. [PMID: 35037262 PMCID: PMC8920775 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interest in alcohol and other drug craving has flourished over the past two decades, and evidence has accumulated showing that craving can be meaningfully linked to both drug use and relapse. Considerable human experimental alcohol craving research since 2000 has focused on craving as a clinical phenomenon. Self-reported craving to drink typically has served as a catch-all for the craving construct in these studies, whereas few studies have considered craving as a process (or hypothetical construct) that interacts with other phenomena to affect use. In contrast to alcohol, we believe that recently there has been more mechanistic work targeting cigarette craving-related processes. Here, we briefly present a narrative review of studies of acute alcohol craving in humans that have been conducted during the past two decades. We then specify important ways in which alcohol and tobacco differ (e.g., the role of withdrawal), and we note the unique challenges in inducing robust alcohol craving states in the laboratory. Finally, we offer recommendations for how the alcohol field might advance its conceptual understanding of craving by adopting ideas and methods drawn from the smoking research literature. Specifically, we suggest that researchers extend their studies to not only examine the link between alcohol craving and relapse but also to focus on why and, in some instances, how alcohol cravings matter clinically, and the circumstances under which craving especially matters. We propose research to investigate the shifts in alcohol-related cognitive and affective processing that occur during alcohol craving states. Furthermore, we highlight the value of research examining the level of insight that individuals with varying levels of alcohol involvement possess about their own craving-related processing shifts. We believe that laboratory studies can provide rich opportunities to examine conceptual questions about alcohol craving that are central to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G. Creswell
- Department of PsychologyCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michael A. Sayette
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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15
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Graham DP, Harding MJ, Nielsen DA. Pharmacogenetics of Addiction Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2547:437-490. [PMID: 36068473 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2573-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a serious relapsing disease that has high costs to society and to the individual addicts. Treatment of these addictions is still in its nascency, with only a few examples of successful therapies. Therapeutic response depends upon genetic, biological, social, and environmental components. A role for genetic makeup in the response to treatment has been shown for several addiction pharmacotherapies with response to treatment based on individual genetic makeup. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of genetics in pharmacotherapies, specifically for cocaine, alcohol, and opioid dependences. The continued elucidation of the role of genetics should aid in the development of new treatments and increase the efficacy of existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Graham
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Harding
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Nielsen
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Haugg A, Manoliu A, Sladky R, Hulka LM, Kirschner M, Brühl AB, Seifritz E, Quednow BB, Herdener M, Scharnowski F. Disentangling craving- and valence-related brain responses to smoking cues in individuals with nicotine use disorder. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13083. [PMID: 34363643 PMCID: PMC9285426 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death and disease worldwide. Most smokers want to quit, but relapse rates are high. To improve current smoking cessation treatments, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of nicotine dependence and related craving behaviour is needed. Studies on cue‐driven cigarette craving have been a particularly useful tool for investigating the neural mechanisms of drug craving. Here, functional neuroimaging studies in humans have identified a core network of craving‐related brain responses to smoking cues that comprises of amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and ventral striatum. However, most functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) cue‐reactivity studies do not adjust their stimuli for emotional valence, a factor assumed to confound craving‐related brain responses to smoking cues. Here, we investigated the influence of emotional valence on key addiction brain areas by disentangling craving‐ and valence‐related brain responses with parametric modulators in 32 smokers. For one of the suggested key regions for addiction, the amygdala, we observed significantly stronger brain responses to the valence aspect of the presented images than to the craving aspect. Our results emphasize the need for carefully selecting stimulus material for cue‐reactivity paradigms, in particular with respect to emotional valence. Further, they can help designing future research on teasing apart the diverse psychological dimensions that comprise nicotine dependence and, therefore, can lead to a more precise mapping of craving‐associated brain areas, an important step towards more tailored smoking cessation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Haugg
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Andrei Manoliu
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts USA
- Harvard Medical School Harvard University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Ronald Sladky
- Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Lea M. Hulka
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Canada
| | | | - Erich Seifritz
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | | | - Frank Scharnowski
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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17
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Kwon HG, Choi SH, Seo JH, Yang CH, Lee MY. Effects of acupuncture stimulation on brain activation induced by cue-elicited alcohol craving. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1059-1064. [PMID: 34558533 PMCID: PMC8552869 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.324849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been shown to be effective on alcohol use disorder. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. To investigate the effects of Shenmen (HT7) acupoint on brain activation induced by cue-elicited alcohol craving, 30 right-handed healthy light to moderate alcohol drinkers were recruited from the community. They were randomly assigned to undergo acupuncture either at HT7 (experimental acupoint, n = 15) or Jingqu (LU8, control acupoint, n = 15) acupoints. This randomized controlled study was performed in Daegu Haany University and Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Republic of Korea. Recruitment and data collection were conducted from December 2018 to May 2019. The results showed that after acupuncture at HT7 acupoint, the activation of orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was greatly increased, while the activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was obviously reduced, and subject's craving for alcohol was reduced when he/she seeing alcohol-related video clips involving various alcohols (beer, wine, or soju) or drinking scenarios. Acupuncture at HT7 more greatly reduced subject's alcohol cravings than acupuncture at LU8 acupoint. These findings suggest that acupuncture can improve the self-control of mild to moderate social drinkers through the activation of the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thereby reducing the craving for alcohol. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu Haany University Korean Medicine Hospital, Republic of Korea (approval No. DHUMC-D-18026-PRO-02) on November 30, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Gyu Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Gyeongbuk Regional Rehabilitation Hospital, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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18
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Shukla S, Ghosh A, Ahuja CK, Basu D, Holla B. An instrument for visual cue associated craving of HEroin (IV-CACHE): A preliminary functional neuroimaging-based study of validity and reliability. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:448-455. [PMID: 34789932 PMCID: PMC8522616 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1391_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craving is the subjective experience of desire for specific drugs. Lack of reliability and untested construct validity are limiting factors for the existing questionnaires to assess craving. AIM The aim of the study was to design and test the validity and reliability of an instrument to assess visual cue-induced craving for heroin dependence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first stage of the study, a set of forty images (twenty each of heroin and neutral cues-) were captured and validated by expert consensus. Thirty male participants with heroin dependence rated their cue-induced craving on a six-point Likert scale while viewing this image-set. In the next stage, putative construct validity was examined using a pilot cue-reactivity functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm with ten additional heroin-dependent patients. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha for the instrument for visual cue-associated craving of HEroin (IV-CACHE) was 0.9, suggestive of high internal consistency. There were modest and significant correlations of IV-CACHE with the drug desire questionnaire (r = 0.43), and obsessive-compulsive drug use scale (r = 0.37), supporting concurrent validity. Patients with heroin dependence exhibited cue reactivity in the left fusiform area, right lingual gyrus, right precuneus region, right inferior frontal, inferior temporal gyri, and middle occipital gyri. The activated brain areas were largely aligned to the underlying neurobiological substrates of craving but might also have depicted nondrug-specific factors (aberrant face processing and attentional bias). CONCLUSION The present cue-task is a promising tool for the examination of cue-related craving for heroin in the Indian setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Drug De-addiction and Treatment Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chirag Kamal Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debasish Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Drug De-addiction and Treatment Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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19
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Dong GH, Wang M, Zheng H, Wang Z, Du X, Potenza MN. Disrupted prefrontal regulation of striatum-related craving in Internet gaming disorder revealed by dynamic causal modeling: results from a cue-reactivity task. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1549-1561. [PMID: 32102722 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000032x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) suggest an imbalanced relationship between cognitive control and reward processing in people with IGD. However, it remains unclear how these two systems interact with each other, and whether they could serve as neurobiological markers for IGD. METHODS Fifty IGD subjects and matched individuals with recreational game use (RGU) were selected and compared when they were performing a cue-craving task. Regions of interests [anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), lentiform nucleus] were selected based on the comparison between brain responses to gaming-related cues and neutral cues. Directional connectivities among these brain regions were determined using Bayesian estimation. We additionally examined the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in a separate analysis based on data implicating the PCC in craving in addiction. RESULTS During fixed-connectivity analyses, IGD subjects showed blunted ACC-to-lentiform and lentiform-to-ACC connectivity relative to RGU subjects, especially in the left hemisphere. When facing gaming cues, IGD subjects trended toward lower left-hemispheric modulatory effects in ACC-to-lentiform connectivity than RGU subjects. Self-reported cue-related craving prior to scanning correlated inversely with left-hemispheric modulatory effects in ACC-to-lentiform connectivity. CONCLUSIONS The results suggesting that prefrontal-to-lentiform connectivity is impaired in IGD provides a possible neurobiological mechanism for difficulties in controlling gaming-cue-elicited cravings. Reduced connectivity ACC-lentiform connectivity may be a useful neurobiological marker for IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing10010, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurobiology, and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Sex difference in neural responses to gaming cues in Internet gaming disorder: Implications for why males are more vulnerable to cue-induced cravings than females. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136001. [PMID: 34090939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although drug addiction studies have shown that females are more likely to become addicted and sensitive to drug cues, this feature seems reversed in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), of which males are more likely to be sufferers. Given the prevalence of IGD in the male population, the current study was set to examine the potential effect of sex on IGD's craving using a cue reactivity task. METHODS Sixty-five (32 males) IGD subjects underwent fMRI scanning during exposure to visual gaming cues and neutral cues. Brain responses to gaming cues relative to neutral cues were examined within two groups separately. In addition, Granger causal analysis (GCA) was conducted to investigate how the effective connectivity patterns were altered in male and female IGD subjects. RESULTS When facing gaming cues, lower regions of brain activation were observed in males compared to females, including the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the superior frontal gyrus and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); GCA results, using the PCC as the ROI, showed higher middle temporal gyrus-PCC-right ACC/parahippocampal gyrus effective connectivity in males as compared with females, when exposed to gaming cues. CONCLUSION The results indicate that gaming cues could more severely disturb male IGD subjects' inhibition control function over game-elicited cravings compared to females, which might make it hard for males to control their game cravings and stop their gaming behaviors. This conclusion is valuable in understanding why males are more vulnerable to IGD than females.
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21
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Sergiou CS, Santarnecchi E, Romanella SM, Wieser MJ, Franken IHA, Rassin EGC, van Dongen JDM. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Targeting the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Reactive Aggression and Modulates Electrophysiological Responses in a Forensic Population. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:95-107. [PMID: 34087482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that impairments in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex play a crucial role in violent behavior in forensic patients who also abuse cocaine and alcohol. Moreover, interventions that aimed to reduce violence risk in those patients are found not to be optimal. A promising intervention might be to modulate the ventromedial prefrontal cortex by high-definition (HD) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The current study aimed to examine HD-tDCS as an intervention to increase empathic abilities and reduce violent behavior in forensic substance dependent offenders. In addition, using electroencephalography, we examined the effects on the P3 and the late positive potential of the event-related potentials in reaction to situations that depict victims of aggression. METHODS Fifty male forensic patients with a substance dependence were tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study. The patients received HD-tDCS 2 times a day for 20 minutes for 5 consecutive days. Before and after the intervention, the patients completed self-reports and performed the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm, and electroencephalography was recorded while patients performed an empathy task. RESULTS Results showed a decrease in aggressive responses on the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm and in self-reported reactive aggression in the active tDCS group. Additionally, we found a general increase in late positive potential amplitude after active tDCS. No effects on trait empathy and the P3 were found. CONCLUSIONS Current findings are the first to find positive effects of HD-tDCS in reducing aggression and modulating electrophysiological responses in forensic patients, showing the potential of using tDCS as an intervention to reduce aggression in forensic mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Sergiou
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara M Romanella
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias J Wieser
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric G C Rassin
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josanne D M van Dongen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Al-Khalil K, Vakamudi K, Witkiewitz K, Claus ED. Neural correlates of alcohol use disorder severity among nontreatment-seeking heavy drinkers: An examination of the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains of the alcohol and addiction research domain criteria. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1200-1214. [PMID: 33864389 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC) propose that alcohol use disorder is associated with neural dysfunction in three primary domains: incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function. Prior studies in heavy drinking samples have examined brain activation changes associated with alcohol and negative affect cues, representing the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains, respectively. Yet studies examining such cue-induced changes in functional connectivity (FC) are relatively sparse. METHODS Nontreatment-seeking heavy drinking adults (N = 149, 56.0% male, 48.6% non-white, mean age 34.8 years (SD = 10.0)) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during presentation of alcohol, negative, and neutral pictures. We focused on FC changes involving the nucleus accumbens and amygdala in addition to activation and FC correlations with self-reported AUD severity. RESULTS For alcohol cues versus neutral cues, we observed accumbens FC changes in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and amygdala FC changes with occipital, parietal, and hippocampal regions. AUD severity correlated positively with activation in the cerebellum (p < 0.05), accumbens FC in the cingulate gyri, somatosensory gyri, and cerebellum (p < 0.05), and with amygdala FC in the PFC and inferior parietal lobule (p < 0.05) for alcohol cues versus neutral cues. For negative cues versus neutral cues, we observed accumbens FC changes in the lateral temporal, occipital, and parietal regions, and amygdala FC changes in the fusiform and lingual gyri (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide empirical support for the AARDoC domains of incentive salience and negative emotionality and indicate that AUD severity is associated with salience and response control for reward cues. When covarying for differences in nonalcohol substance use and mood disorder diagnoses, AUD severity was also associated with emotional reactivity for negative cues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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23
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Paulus DJ, Gallagher MW, Neighbors C, Zvolensky MJ. Computer-delivered personalized feedback intervention for hazardous drinkers with elevated anxiety sensitivity: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2021; 141:103847. [PMID: 33813352 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous drinkers with emotional vulnerabilities (e.g., elevated anxiety sensitivity) remain an underserved group. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a single session remotely-delivered personalized feedback intervention (PFI) targeting alcohol (mis)use and anxiety sensitivity among college students. Hazardous drinkers with elevated anxiety sensitivity (N = 125; 76.8% female; Mage = 22.14; 66.4% racial/ethnic minorities) were randomized to receive the integrated PFI (n = 63) or attention control (n = 62). Follow-up assessments were conducted one-week, one-month and three-months post-intervention. Latent growth curve modeling was used to test pilot outcomes. It was feasible to recruit and retain hazardous drinking students with elevated anxiety sensitivity through follow-up with no group differences in retention. The integrated PFI was rated as more acceptable than the control with medium/large differences (p's < 0.004; d's = 0.54-0.80). The integrated PFI group had statistically significantly greater change in primary outcomes: motivation, hazardous alcohol use, and anxiety sensitivity (p's < 0.05; d's = 0.08-0.37) with larger within-group effect sizes (d's = 0.48-0.61) than in control (d's = 0.26-0.54). Despite a small sample size, this one-session intervention offers promise among a high-risk group of drinkers with emotional vulnerabilities. The computer-based format may allow for mass distribution of a low-cost intervention in the future; however, follow-up testing in larger samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Paulus
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Matthew W Gallagher
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; University of Houston, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Clayton Neighbors
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Current theories of alcohol use disorders (AUD) highlight the importance of Pavlovian and instrumental learning processes mainly based on preclinical animal studies. Here, we summarize available evidence for alterations of those processes in human participants with AUD with a focus on habitual versus goal-directed instrumental learning, Pavlovian conditioning, and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigms.
Recent Findings
The balance between habitual and goal-directed control in AUD participants has been studied using outcome devaluation or sequential decision-making procedures, which have found some evidence of reduced goal-directed/model-based control, but little evidence for stronger habitual responding. The employed Pavlovian learning and PIT paradigms have shown considerable differences regarding experimental procedures, e.g., alcohol-related or conventional reinforcers or stimuli.
Summary
While studies of basic learning processes in human participants with AUD support a role of Pavlovian and instrumental learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of drug addiction, current studies are characterized by large variability regarding methodology, sample characteristics, and results, and translation from animal paradigms to human research remains challenging. Longitudinal approaches with reliable and ecologically valid paradigms of Pavlovian and instrumental processes, including alcohol-related cues and outcomes, are warranted and should be combined with state-of-the-art imaging techniques, computational approaches, and ecological momentary assessment methods.
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Campbell EJ, Lawrence AJ. It's more than just interoception: The insular cortex involvement in alcohol use disorder. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1644-1651. [PMID: 33486788 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding brain structures and circuits impacted by alcohol use disorder is critical for improving our future prevention techniques and treatment options. A brain region that has recently gained traction for its involvement in substance use disorder is the insular cortex. This brain region is multi-functional and spatially complex, resulting in a relative lack of understanding of the involvement of the insular cortex in alcohol use disorder. Here we discuss the role of the insular cortex in alcohol use disorder, particularly during periods of abstinence and in response to alcohol and alcohol-related cues and contexts. We also discuss a broader role of the insular in alcohol-associated risky decision making and impulse control. Finally, we canvas potential challenges associated with targeting the insular cortex to treat individuals with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Ray LA, Grodin EN. Clinical Neuroscience of Addiction: What Clinical Psychologists Need to Know and Why. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2021; 17:465-493. [PMID: 33472009 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The last three decades in psychological research have been marked by interdisciplinary science. Addiction represents a prime example of a disorder marked by a complex interaction among psychosocial and biological factors. This review highlights critical findings in the basic neuroscience of addiction and translates them into clinical language that can inform clinical psychologists in their research, teaching, and practice. From mechanisms of reward processing, learning and memory, allostasis, incentive-sensitization, withdrawal, tolerance, goal-directed decision making, habit learning, genetics, inflammation, and the microbiome, the common theme of this review is to illustrate the clinical utility of basic neuroscience research and to identify opportunities for clinical science. The thoughtful integration of basic and clinical science provides a powerful tool to fulfill the scientific mission of improving health care. Clinical psychologists have a crucial role to play in the translational science of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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Paulus DJ, Capron DW, Zvolensky MJ. Understanding hazardous drinking and suicidal ideation and suicide risk among college students: anxiety sensitivity as an explanatory factor. Cogn Behav Ther 2020; 50:378-394. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1840622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Paulus
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charlestion, SC, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W. Capron
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Paulus DJ, Rogers AH, Asmundson GJG, Zvolensky MJ. Pain severity and anxiety sensitivity interact to predict drinking severity among hazardous drinking college students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:795-804. [PMID: 32931714 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1804921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hazardous alcohol use among college students is a growing problem. Alcohol is commonly used in the context of pain due to acute analgesic effects, although the role of pain among hazardous drinkers has not been examined. Little is known regarding factors that may moderate pain-alcohol relations. One factor is anxiety sensitivity, which reflects the fear of physiological sensations. Pain severity and anxiety sensitivity may interact such that those with high anxiety sensitivity may have stronger pain-alcohol relations.Objectives: The current study examined interactive associations of pain severity and anxiety sensitivity in relation to hazardous drinking severity, alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems among hazardous drinking college students (n = 370; 78.1% female).Methods: Self report measures of alcohol use, pain severity, and anxiety sensitivity were collected and moderation analyses were conducted.Results: There was a significant interaction of pain severity and anxiety sensitivity in relation to hazardous drinking severity (β = 0.25, p = .037); pain severity was significantly related to hazardous drinking for high (β = 0.28, p < .001) but not low (β = 0.09, p = .202) anxiety sensitivity. There was a similar interaction for alcohol consumption (β = 0.35, p = .008). For alcohol problems, there was no significant interaction, but there were unique main effects of both pain severity (β = 0.23, p < .001) and anxiety sensitivity (β = 0.34, p < .001).Conclusions: These findings suggest that drinkers with high anxiety sensitivity may use alcohol hazardously (and in greater quantities) in the context of pain. If replicated with longitudinal samples, the findings may inform clinical practice in terms of screening for and treatment of anxiety sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Paulus
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina , Charlestion, SC, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA.,Health Institute, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Hahn S, Mackey S, Cousijn J, Foxe JJ, Heinz A, Hester R, Hutchinson K, Kiefer F, Korucuoglu O, Lett T, Li CSR, London E, Lorenzetti V, Maartje L, Momenan R, Orr C, Paulus M, Schmaal L, Sinha R, Sjoerds Z, Stein DJ, Stein E, van Holst RJ, Veltman D, Walter H, Wiers RW, Yucel M, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Allgaier N, Garavan H. Predicting alcohol dependence from multi-site brain structural measures. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:555-565. [PMID: 33064342 PMCID: PMC8675424 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify neuroimaging biomarkers of alcohol dependence (AD) from structural magnetic resonance imaging, it may be useful to develop classification models that are explicitly generalizable to unseen sites and populations. This problem was explored in a mega‐analysis of previously published datasets from 2,034 AD and comparison participants spanning 27 sites curated by the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. Data were grouped into a training set used for internal validation including 1,652 participants (692 AD, 24 sites), and a test set used for external validation with 382 participants (146 AD, 3 sites). An exploratory data analysis was first conducted, followed by an evolutionary search based feature selection to site generalizable and high performing subsets of brain measurements. Exploratory data analysis revealed that inclusion of case‐ and control‐only sites led to the inadvertent learning of site‐effects. Cross validation methods that do not properly account for site can drastically overestimate results. Evolutionary‐based feature selection leveraging leave‐one‐site‐out cross‐validation, to combat unintentional learning, identified cortical thickness in the left superior frontal gyrus and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, cortical surface area in the right transverse temporal gyrus, and left putamen volume as final features. Ridge regression restricted to these features yielded a test‐set area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.768. These findings evaluate strategies for handling multi‐site data with varied underlying class distributions and identify potential biomarkers for individuals with current AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John J Foxe
- Department of Neuroscience & The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kent Hutchinson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ozlem Korucuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tristram Lett
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Edythe London
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychological Sciences, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Luijten Maartje
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Martin Paulus
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zsuzsika Sjoerds
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elliot Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth J van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Murat Yucel
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Neuroimaging reveals functionally distinct neuronal networks associated with high-level alcohol consumption in two genetic rat models. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 32:229-238. [PMID: 32925226 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human imaging data suggest that the motivational processes associated with alcohol reward are reflected in the patterns of neural activation after alcohol or alcohol-related cues. In animal models of alcohol drinking, however, the changes in brain activation during voluntary alcohol ingestion are poorly known. In order to improve the translational utility of animal models, we examined alcohol-induced functional brain activation in Alko Alcohol (AA) and Marchigian-Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats that drink voluntarily high levels of alcohol, but exhibit widely different neurochemical and behavioral traits cosegregated with alcohol preference. Brain imaging was performed using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), which is based on accumulation of Mn2+ ions in activated neurons, allowing the identification of functional neuronal networks recruited during specific behaviors in awake animals during a subsequent imaging session under anesthesia. MEMRI was performed following 4 weeks of voluntary alcohol drinking, using water drinking as the control. Despite similar levels of alcohol drinking, strikingly different alcohol-induced neuronal activity patterns were observed in AA and msP rats. Overall, functional activation in the AA rats was more widespread, involving large cortical areas and subcortical structures, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, hypothalamus, periaqueductal grey, and substantia nigra. In the msP rats, however, alcohol-related activation was largely confined to prefrontal cortical regions and insular cortex, and olfactory areas. Overlapping areas of activation found in both rat lines included the nucleus accumbens, prelimbic, orbital, and insular cortex. In conclusion, our data reveal strikingly different brain circuits associated with alcohol drinking in two genetically different rat lines and suggest innately different motivational and behavioral processes driving alcohol drinking. These findings have important implications for the use of these lines in translational alcohol research.
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Vena AA, Zandy SL, Cofresí RU, Gonzales RA. Behavioral, neurobiological, and neurochemical mechanisms of ethanol self-administration: A translational review. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107573. [PMID: 32437827 PMCID: PMC7580704 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder has multiple characteristics including excessive ethanol consumption, impaired control over drinking behaviors, craving and withdrawal symptoms, compulsive seeking behaviors, and is considered a chronic condition. Relapse is common. Determining the neurobiological targets of ethanol and the adaptations induced by chronic ethanol exposure is critical to understanding the clinical manifestation of alcohol use disorders, the mechanisms underlying the various features of the disorder, and for informing medication development. In the present review, we discuss ethanol's interactions with a variety of neurotransmitter systems, summarizing findings from preclinical and translational studies to highlight recent progress in the field. We then describe animal models of ethanol self-administration, emphasizing the value, limitations, and validity of commonly used models. Lastly, we summarize the behavioral changes induced by chronic ethanol self-administration, with an emphasis on cue-elicited behavior, the role of ethanol-related memories, and the emergence of habitual ethanol seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Vena
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, United States of America
| | | | - Roberto U Cofresí
- Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rueben A Gonzales
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America.
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32
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Portella AK, Papantoni A, Paquet C, Moore S, Rosch KS, Mostofsky S, Lee RS, Smith KR, Levitan R, Silveira PP, Carnell S, Dube L. Predicted DRD4 prefrontal gene expression moderates snack intake and stress perception in response to the environment in adolescents. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234601. [PMID: 32589693 PMCID: PMC7319347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Body weight is substantially determined by eating behaviors, which are themselves driven by biological factors interacting with the environment. Previous studies in young children suggest that genetic influences on dopamine function may confer differential susceptibility to the environment in such a way that increases behavioral obesity risk in a lower socioeconomic status (SES) environment but decreases it in a higher SES environment. We aimed to test if this pattern of effect could also be observed in adolescence, another critical period for development in brain and behavior, using a novel measure of predicted expression of the dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4) gene in prefrontal cortex. In a sample of 76 adolescents (37 boys and 39 girls from Baltimore, Maryland/US, aged 14-18y), we estimated individual levels of DRD4 gene expression (PredDRD4) in prefrontal cortex from individual genomic data using PrediXcan, and tested interactions with a composite SES score derived from their annual household income, maternal education, food insecurity, perceived resource availability, and receipt of public assistance. Primary outcomes were snack intake during a multi-item ad libitum meal test, and food-related impulsivity assessed using a food-adapted go/no-go task. A linear regression model adjusted for sex, BMI z-score, and genetic ethnicity demonstrated a PredDRD4 by composite SES score interaction for snack intake (p = 0.009), such that adolescents who had lower PredDRD4 levels exhibited greater snack intake in the lower SES group, but lesser snack intake in the higher SES group. Exploratory analysis revealed a similar pattern for scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (p = 0.001) such that the low PredDRD4 group reported higher stress in the lower SES group, but less stress in the higher SES group, suggesting that PredDRD4 may act in part by affecting perceptions of the environment. These results are consistent with a differential susceptibility model in which genes influencing environmental responsiveness interact with environments varying in obesogenicity to confer behavioral obesity risk in a less favorable environment, but behavioral obesity protection in a favorable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Krumel Portella
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Spencer Moore
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Keri Shiels Rosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stewart Mostofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Levitan
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Laurette Dube
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lim AC, Green R, Grodin EN, Venegas A, Meredith LR, Donato S, Burnette E, Ray LA. Alcohol Cue-Induced Ventral Striatum Activity Predicts Subsequent Alcohol Self-Administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1224-1233. [PMID: 32406553 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human laboratory paradigms are a pillar in medication development for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Neuroimaging paradigms, in which individuals are exposed to cues that elicit neural correlates of alcohol craving (e.g., mesocorticolimbic activation), are increasingly utilized to test the effects of AUD medications. Elucidation of the translational effects of these neuroimaging paradigms on human laboratory paradigms, such as self-administration, is warranted. The current study is a secondary analysis examining whether alcohol cue-induced activation in the ventral striatum is predictive of subsequent alcohol self-administration in the laboratory. METHODS Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers of East Asian descent (n = 41) completed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover experiment on the effects of naltrexone on neuroimaging and human laboratory paradigms. Participants completed 5 days of study medication (or placebo); on day 4, they completed a neuroimaging alcohol taste cue-reactivity task. On the following day (day 5), participants completed a 60-minute alcohol self-administration paradigm. RESULTS Multilevel Cox regressions indicated a significant effect of taste cue-elicited ventral striatum activation on latency to first drink, Wald χ2 = 2.88, p = 0.05, such that those with higher ventral striatum activation exhibited shorter latencies to consume their first drink. Similarly, ventral striatum activation was positively associated with total number of drinks consumed, F(1, 38) = 5.90, p = 0.02. These effects were significant after controlling for alcohol use severity, OPRM1 genotype, and medication. Other potential regions of interest (anterior cingulate, thalamus) were not predictive of self-administration outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging alcohol taste cue paradigms may be predictive of laboratory paradigms such as self-administration. Elucidation of the relationships among different paradigms will inform how these paradigms may be used synergistically in experimental medicine and medication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Lim
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - ReJoyce Green
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Erica N Grodin
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Alexandra Venegas
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lindsay R Meredith
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Suzanna Donato
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Elizabeth Burnette
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lara A Ray
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ACL, RG, ENG, AV, LRM, SD, EB, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, (LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Groefsema MM, Engels RC, Voon V, Schellekens AF, Luijten M, Sescousse G. Brain responses to anticipating and receiving beer: Comparing light, at-risk, and dependent alcohol users. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12766. [PMID: 31066137 PMCID: PMC7187239 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired brain processing of alcohol‐related rewards has been suggested to play a central role in alcohol use disorder. Yet, evidence remains inconsistent and mainly originates from studies in which participants passively observe alcohol cues or taste alcohol. Here, we designed a protocol in which beer consumption was predicted by incentive cues and contingent on instrumental action closer to real life situations. We predicted that anticipating and receiving beer (compared with water) would elicit activity in the brain reward network and that this activity would correlate with drinking level across participants. The sample consisted of 150 beer‐drinking males, aged 18 to 25 years. Three groups were defined based on alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) scores: light drinkers (n = 39), at‐risk drinkers (n = 64), and dependent drinkers (n = 47). fMRI measures were obtained while participants engaged in the beer incentive delay task involving beer‐ and water‐predicting cues followed by real sips of beer or water. During anticipation, outcome notification and delivery of beer compared with water, higher activity was found in a reward‐related brain network including the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala. Yet, no activity was observed in the striatum, and no differences were found between the groups. Our results reveal that anticipating, obtaining, and tasting beer activates parts of the brain reward network, but that these brain responses do not differentiate between different drinking levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine M. Groefsema
- Executive BoardRadboud University, Behavioural Science Institute Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Valerie Voon
- Cambridge University, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute Cambridge United Kingdom
| | | | - Maartje Luijten
- Executive BoardRadboud University, Behavioural Science Institute Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team Lyon France
- CH Le Vinatier, Service Universitaire d'Addictologie Bron France
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35
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Hallford G, Bakhshaie J, Rodriguez-Cano R, Shepherd JM, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. A multiple mediation model of trait worry and hazardous drinking among treatment-seeking smokers: the roles of coping and conformity drinking motives. Cogn Behav Ther 2020; 49:398-411. [PMID: 32352348 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1740315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is associated with poorer smoking cessation-related outcomes, and smokers with elevated levels of worry experience greater smoking cessation problems. Yet, little is known about the explanatory mechanisms that may underlie the relationship between trait worry and hazardous drinking among smokers. Therefore, this study explored the explanatory roles of coping and conformity drinking motives in the relationship between trait worry and hazardous drinking outcomes including alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, maximum number of drinks, and the number of prior alcohol quit attempts among treatment-seeking smokers. Participants included 377 treatment-seeking smokers who consumed at least one alcoholic drink in the last year (48% female; 86.2% Caucasian; M age = 34.83 years, SD = 13.38). Results showed a significant indirect effect of trait worry through coping-related drinking motives in relation to alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, maximum number of drinks, and number of prior drinking quit attempts. These findings were evident after controlling for gender, cigarette dependence, and current psychopathology. These findings suggest that coping drinking motives are one mechanism that may explain the relation between trait worry and hazardous drinking outcomes among treatment-seeking smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Hallford
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruben Rodriguez-Cano
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University , Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA.,HEALTH Institute, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
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36
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Verplaetse TL, Cosgrove KP, Tanabe J, McKee SA. Sex/gender differences in brain function and structure in alcohol use: A narrative review of neuroimaging findings over the last 10 years. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:309-323. [PMID: 32333417 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have increased in women by 84% relative to a 35% increase in men. Rates of alcohol use and high-risk drinking have also increased in women by 16% and 58% relative to a 7% and 16% increase in men, respectively, over the last decade. This robust increase in drinking among women highlights the critical need to identify the underlying neural mechanisms that may contribute to problematic alcohol consumption across sex/gender (SG), especially given that many neuroimaging studies are underpowered to detect main or interactive effects of SG on imaging outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the recent neuroimaging literature on SG differences in brain function and structure as it pertains to alcohol across positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging modalities in humans. Additional work using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and event-related potentials to examine SG differences in AUD will be covered. Overall, current research on the neuroimaging of AUD, alcohol consumption, or risk of AUD is limited, and findings are mixed regarding the effect of SG on neurochemical, structural, and functional mechanisms associated with AUD. We address SG disparities in the neuroimaging of AUD and propose a call to action to include women in brain imaging research. Future studies are crucial to our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of AUD across neural systems and the vulnerability for AUD among women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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37
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Do Adolescents Use Substances to Relieve Uncomfortable Sensations? A Preliminary Examination of Negative Reinforcement among Adolescent Cannabis and Alcohol Users. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040214. [PMID: 32260480 PMCID: PMC7226193 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and cannabis use are highly prevalent among adolescents and associated with negative consequences. Understanding motivations behind substance use in youth is important for informing prevention and intervention efforts. The present study aims to examine negative reinforcement principles of substance use among adolescent cannabis and alcohol users by pairing a cue reactivity paradigm with an aversive interoceptive stimulus. Adolescents (ages 15–17), classified as controls (CTL; n = 18), cannabis and/or alcohol experimenters (CAN+ALC-EXP; n = 16), or individuals meeting clinical criteria for cannabis and/or alcohol use disorder (CAN+ALC-SUD; n = 13) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during which they experienced an aversive interoceptive probe delivered via breathing load while simultaneously performing a cue reactivity paradigm. Participants also provided self-report ratings of how their substance use is positively or negatively reinforced. While experiencing the breathing load, CAN+ALC-SUD exhibited greater (p < 0.05) deactivation in the right amygdala, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus than CAN+ALC-EXP and CTL, who did not differ. Across all substance users, activation during the breathing load within the left parahippocampal gyrus negatively correlated with cannabis and alcohol lifetime use episodes and the left inferior frontal gyrus activity negatively correlated with lifetime alcohol use episodes. CAN+ALC-SUD reported experiencing more positive and negative reinforcement of using their substance of choice than CAN+ALC-EXP; both user groups reported higher levels of positive than negative reinforcement. Adolescents with a cannabis/alcohol use disorder demonstrate an altered response to interoceptive perturbations. However, adolescent cannabis/alcohol use does not appear to be driven by negative reinforcement, as viewing substance images did not dampen this response. Based on self-report data, the experience of positive reinforcement may be stronger for adolescents. Future studies should examine whether positive reinforcement contributes to adolescent substance use.
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38
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Paulus DJ, Zvolensky MJ. The prevalence and impact of elevated anxiety sensitivity among hazardous drinking college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107922. [PMID: 32088590 PMCID: PMC7536785 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous drinking is prevalent among college students, yet few seek treatment. Anxiety sensitivity AS is one factor with relevance to drinking. Yet, there are no known estimates of the prevalence of elevated AS among hazardous drinkers. The current study sought to estimate the prevalence of elevated AS among hazardous drinking college students and to examine relations between AS and hazardous drinking. Data from 1257 students Mage = 22.08; 80.4 % female; 76.8 % racial/ethnic minorities was employed. Approximately one third (30.7 %) of the sample met criteria for hazardous drinking. Among hazardous drinkers, 77.5 % had clinically elevated AS; similar rates were evidenced across sex and race/ethnicity. Hazardous drinkers reported significantly greater AS scores than moderate drinkers and non-drinkers (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.09). Those with elevated AS were more than three times more likely to be hazardous drinkers (p < 0.001). Among hazardous drinkers, those with elevated AS had more severe drinking levels (p < 0.001; Cohen's d=0.07) as well as greater likelihood, number, and disturbance related to use of other substances (p's from <0.001-0.005; Cohen's d's from 0.01 to 0.02). Findings from this study suggest that most hazardous drinkers have elevated AS, and that elevated AS is associated with a substantially higher likelihood of being a hazardous drinker. Hazardous drinkers with elevated AS report more severe drinking and other substance use than those with normative AS. There may be practical clinical benefit of implementing focus on AS to reduce hazardous drinking in college settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Paulus
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neuroscience, Charlestion, SC 29403
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, 77204
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, 77204
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, TX 77030
- Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
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Mohammadi B, Szycik GR, Te Wildt B, Heldmann M, Samii A, Münte TF. Structural brain changes in young males addicted to video-gaming. Brain Cogn 2020; 139:105518. [PMID: 31954233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive video gaming has a number of psychological and social consequences. In this study, we looked at possible changes in gray and white matter and asked whether these changes are correlated to psychological measures. Twentynine players of violent videogames (mean daily playing time 4.7 h) and age matched controls were subjected to a battery of questionnaires assessing aggression, empathy, hostility, internet addiction and psychological well-being. Diffusion tensor and 3D T1-weighted MR images were obtained to examine gray (via voxel-based morphometry) and white (via tract-based spatial statistics) matter changes. Widespread regions of decreased gray matter in the players were found but no region showed increased intensity of gray matter. Density of gray matter showed a negative correlation with the total length of playing in years in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, left pre- and postcentral gyrus, right thalamus, among others. Furthermore, fractional anisotropy, a marker for white matter structure, was decreased in the left and right cingulum in the players. Both, gray and white matter changes correlated with measures of aggression, hostility, self esteem, and the degree of internet addiction. This study thus shows profound changes of brain structure as a function of excessive playing of violent video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Mohammadi
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; CNS-lab, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor R Szycik
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Heldmann
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amir Samii
- CNS-lab, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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40
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Jurado-Barba R, Sion A, Martínez-Maldonado A, Domínguez-Centeno I, Prieto-Montalvo J, Navarrete F, García-Gutierrez MS, Manzanares J, Rubio G. Neuropsychophysiological Measures of Alcohol Dependence: Can We Use EEG in the Clinical Assessment? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32765317 PMCID: PMC7379886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction management is complex, and it requires a bio-psycho-social perspective, that ought to consider the multiple etiological and developmental factors. Because of this, a large amount of resources has been allocated to assess the vulnerability to dependence, i.e., to identify the processes underlying the transition from substance use to dependence, as well as its course, in order to determine the key points in its prevention, treatment, and recovery. Consequently, knowledge \from neuroscience must be taken into account, which is why different initiatives have emerged with this objective, such as the "Research Domain Criteria" (RDoC), and the "Addiction Neuroclinical Assessment" (ANA). Particularly, neuropsychophysiological measures could be used as markers of cognitive and behavioral attributes or traits in alcohol dependence, and even trace clinical change. In this way, the aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview following ANA clinical framework, to the most robust findings in neuropsychophysiological changes in alcohol dependence, that underlie the main cognitive domains implicated in addiction: incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive functioning. The most consistent results have been found in event-related potential (ERP) analysis, especially in the P3 component, that could show a wide clinical utility, mainly for the executive functions. The review also shows the usefulness of other components, implicated in affective and substance-related processing (P1, N1, or the late positive potential LPP), as well as event-related oscillations, such as theta power, with a possible use as vulnerability or clinical marker in alcohol dependence. Finally, new tools emerging from psychophysiology research, based on functional connectivity or brain graph analysis could help toward a better understanding of altered circuits in alcohol dependence, as well as communication efficiency and effort during mental operations. This review concludes with an examination of these tools as possible markers in the clinical field and discusses methodological differences, the need for more replicability studies and incipient lines of work. It also uses consistent findings in psychophysiology to draw possible treatment targets and cognitive profiles in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Education and Health Science Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Domínguez-Centeno
- Department of Psychology, Education and Health Science Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutierrez
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Faculty, Complutense de Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Kim H, Kim YK, Lee JY, Choi AR, Kim DJ, Choi JS. Hypometabolism and altered metabolic connectivity in patients with internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109680. [PMID: 31255649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become the subject of growing concern as an addictive behavior and has been compared with substance/non-substance-related addiction. Although IGD show clinical impairments and social dysfunction, neurobiological alterations in IGD have not been clearly elucidated. We used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET to investigate differences in glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity in young men [thirty-six patients with IGD, twenty-six patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and thirty-nine healthy controls (HC)]. Compared with the HC, IGD showed hypometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), temporal, frontal, parietal and striatum and AUD exhibited hypometabolism in the occipital, temporal and parietal lobule. Furthermore, IGD showed negative correlations between the ACC and game duration and between the orbitofrontal cortex and impulsivity. Also, IGD had lower metabolic connectivity between temporal and limbic regions and between the motor area and occipital region. And AUD showed greater metabolic connectivity between the orbitofrontal and parietal regions, and between the somatosensory or parietal and temporal regions, but lower metabolic connectivity in the fronto-striatal or fronto-limbic regions. Our results provide evidences that hypometabolism and altered metabolic connectivity in IGD might be related to the abnormal sensory function by longtime gaming and dysfunction of impulsive/motivational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kim
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ruem Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Morisot N, Phamluong K, Ehinger Y, Berger AL, Moffat JJ, Ron D. mTORC1 in the orbitofrontal cortex promotes habitual alcohol seeking. eLife 2019; 8:51333. [PMID: 31820733 PMCID: PMC6959998 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an important role in dendritic translation and in learning and memory. We previously showed that heavy alcohol use activates mTORC1 in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of rodents (Laguesse et al., 2017a). Here, we set out to determine the consequences of alcohol-dependent mTORC1 activation in the OFC. We found that inhibition of mTORC1 activity in the OFC attenuates alcohol seeking and restores sensitivity to outcome devaluation in rats that habitually seek alcohol. In contrast, habitual responding for sucrose was unaltered by mTORC1 inhibition, suggesting that mTORC1’s role in habitual behavior is specific to alcohol. We further show that inhibition of GluN2B in the OFC attenuates alcohol-dependent mTORC1 activation, alcohol seeking and habitual responding for alcohol. Together, these data suggest that the GluN2B/mTORC1 axis in the OFC drives alcohol seeking and habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Morisot
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Khanhky Phamluong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yann Ehinger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Anthony L Berger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Moffat
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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43
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Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:897-926. [PMID: 31672617 PMCID: PMC6878895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates attribution of incentive salience (IS) to reward-predictive cues and its behavioral manifestations. In this article, we establish the plausibility of ISS as an etiological pathway to alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide a comprehensive and critical review of evidence for: (1) the ability of alcohol to sensitize the brain circuitry of IS attribution and expression; and (2) attribution of IS to alcohol-predictive cues and its sensitization in humans and non-human animals. We point out gaps in the literature and how these might be addressed. We also highlight how individuals with different alcohol subjective response phenotypes may differ in susceptibility to ISS as a pathway to AUD. Finally, we discuss important implications of this neuropsychological mechanism in AUD for psychological and pharmacological interventions attempting to attenuate alcohol craving and cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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Dong GH, Wang M, Zhang J, Du X, Potenza MN. Functional neural changes and altered cortical-subcortical connectivity associated with recovery from Internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:692-702. [PMID: 31891311 PMCID: PMC7044574 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although studies have suggested that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) may have impairments in cognitive functioning, the nature of the relationship is unclear given that the information is typically derived from cross-sectional studies. METHODS Individuals with active IGD (n = 154) and those individuals no longer meeting criteria (n = 29) after 1 year were examined longitudinally using functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of cue-craving tasks. Subjective responses and neural correlates were contrasted at study onset and at 1 year. RESULTS Subjects' craving responses to gaming cues decreased significantly at 1 year relative to study onset. Decreased brain responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and lentiform nucleus were observed at 1 year relative to onset. Significant positive correlations were observed between changes in brain activities in the lentiform nucleus and changes in self-reported cravings. Dynamic causal modeling analysis showed increased ACC-lentiform connectivity at 1 year relative to study onset. CONCLUSIONS After recovery from IGD, individuals appear less sensitive to gaming cues. This recovery may involve increased ACC-related control over lentiform-related motivations in the control over cravings. The extent to which cortical control over subcortical motivations may be targeted in treatments for IGD should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China,Corresponding authors: Guang-Heng Dong, PhD; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China; Phone: +86 158 6794 9909; Fax: +86 571 2886 7717; E-mail: ; Marc N. Potenza, PhD, MD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, New Haven 06511, CT, USA; Phone: +1 203 737 3553; Fax: +1 203 737 3591; E-mail:
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorder, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurobiology, and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA,The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA,Corresponding authors: Guang-Heng Dong, PhD; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China; Phone: +86 158 6794 9909; Fax: +86 571 2886 7717; E-mail: ; Marc N. Potenza, PhD, MD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, New Haven 06511, CT, USA; Phone: +1 203 737 3553; Fax: +1 203 737 3591; E-mail:
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45
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Burnette EM, Grodin EN, Lim AC, MacKillop J, Karno MP, Ray LA. Association between impulsivity and neural activation to alcohol cues in heavy drinkers. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 293:110986. [PMID: 31622796 PMCID: PMC7238761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examines associations between two measures of impulsivity and brain response to alcohol taste cues. Impulsivity is both a risk factor for and a consequence of alcohol use and misuse. Frontostriatal circuits are linked to both impulsivity and addiction-related behaviors, including response to alcohol cues. Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 55) completed (i) an fMRI alcohol taste cue-reactivity paradigm; (ii) the monetary choice questionnaire (MCQ), a measure of choice impulsivity where participants choose between smaller, sooner rewards and larger, delayed rewards; (iii) and the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, a self-report measure assessing five impulsivity factors. General linear models identified associations between neural alcohol taste cue-reactivity and impulsivity, adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status. Self-reported sensation seeking was positively associated with alcohol taste cue-elicited activation in frontostriatal regions, such that individuals who reported higher sensation seeking displayed greater neural response to alcohol taste cues. Conversely, delay discounting was negatively associated with activation in frontoparietal regions, such that individuals who reported greater discounting showed less cue-elicited activation. There were no significant associations between other self-reported impulsivity subscales and alcohol taste cue-reactivity. These results indicate that sensation seeking is associated with reward responsivity, while delay discounting is associated with recruitment of self-control circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Burnette
- Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron C Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell P Karno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Lim AC, Ghahremani DG, Grodin EN, Green R, Bujarski S, Hartwell EE, Courtney KE, Hutchison K, Miotto K, Ray LA. Neuroimaging findings from an experimental pharmacology trial of naltrexone in heavy drinkers of East Asian descent. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 200:181-190. [PMID: 31160146 PMCID: PMC6760244 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite known genetic variation across races, studies examining pharmacogenetics of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) on clinical response to naltrexone have been conducted in predominantly Caucasian samples. Evidence is mixed for pharmacogenetic OPRM1 and naltrexone effects on neural responses to alcohol cues. The current study tests the pharmacogenetic effects of naltrexone and OPRM1 on neural responses to alcohol taste cues in heavy drinkers of East Asian descent. METHODS Participants (N = 41) completed two double-blinded and counterbalanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions: one after taking naltrexone (50 mg/day) for four days and one after taking placebo for four days. Following titration, participants completed an fMRI alcohol taste-cues task. Analyses tested effects of naltrexone, OPRM1, and their interaction in whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses of functional activation and functional connectivity in response to alcohol versus water taste cues. RESULTS We found no effects of naltrexone orOPRM1 on neural activation in whole-brain and ROI analyses, which included left and right ventral striatum (VS), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Naltrexone increased functional connectivity between left VS and clusters in medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus, as well as right VS and occipital cortex, compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone treatment enhanced functional connectivity in a key reinforcement-related pathway during alcohol versus water taste cues, corroborating neuroimaging work with other substances. Null medication and pharmacogenetics effects on functional activation add to a mixed naltrexone literature and may underscore the modest size of these effects in East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dara G. Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily E. Hartwell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly E. Courtney
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Karen Miotto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Grodin EN, Lim AC, MacKillop J, Karno MP, Ray LA. An Examination of Motivation to Change and Neural Alcohol Cue Reactivity Following a Brief Intervention. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:408. [PMID: 31244697 PMCID: PMC6580427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brief interventions represent a promising psychological intervention targeting individuals with heavy alcohol use. Motivation to change represents an individual's openness to engage in a behavior change strategy and is thought to be a crucial component of brief interventions. Neuroimaging techniques provide a translational tool to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying potential mediators of treatment response, including motivation to change. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of a brief intervention on motivation to change drinking behavior and neural alcohol taste cue reactivity. Methods: Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers were randomized to receive a brief drinking intervention (n = 22) or an attention-matched control (n = 24). Three indices of motivation to change were assessed at baseline and after the intervention or control session: importance, confidence, and readiness. Immediately following the intervention or control session, participants also underwent an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed an alcohol taste cues paradigm. Results: There was a significant effect of the brief intervention on increasing ratings of importance of changing drinking behavior, but not on ratings of confidence or readiness to change. Ratings of importance after the intervention or control session were associated with neural alcohol taste cue reactivity, but notably, this effect was only significant for participants who received the intervention. Individuals in the intervention condition showed a positive association between ratings of importance and activation in the precuneus, posterior cingulate, and insula. Conclusions: The brief drinking intervention was successful at improving one dimension of motivation to change among non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. The brief intervention moderated the relationship between ratings of importance and brain activation in circuitry associated with interoceptive awareness and self-reflection. Together, findings represent an initial step toward understanding the neurobiological mechanisms through which a brief intervention may improve motivation to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aaron C. Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell P. Karno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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The Sequential Indirect Effect of Negative Urgency on Drinking Consequences Through Distress Intolerance and Drinking Motives: Initial Examination in College Students Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019; 17:479-492. [PMID: 33953647 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of cognitive and affective vulnerabilities among college drinkers may aid in developing focused interventions that promote a reduction in the prevalence of alcohol use. Negative urgency (NU) and distress intolerance (DI) evidence concurrent, unique, and synergistic relations with drinking motives and negative consequences of alcohol use. Utilizing a sequential multiple mediation framework to investigate a comprehensive model of these variables, we examined NU as a behavioral risk factor that potentiates the development of DI, thereby contributing to drinking motives that increase the risk of problematic use in young adults. A diverse sample of undergraduate students (N = 616; M age= 19.1, SD=1.4, range=18-25; 50.6% female; 60.6% Caucasian; recruited between September 2015 and Spring 2017) reporting past month alcohol use completed an online questionnaire battery. The results suggested that NU may contribute to negative alcohol use outcomes via its relation to DI and the motivation to drink in order to cope with negative emotional states and conform to social pressure. These findings suggest that NU may be a primary intervention target in young adults.
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Claus ED, Klimaj SD, Chavez R, Martinez AD, Clark VP. A Randomized Trial of Combined tDCS Over Right Inferior Frontal Cortex and Cognitive Bias Modification: Null Effects on Drinking and Alcohol Approach Bias. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1591-1599. [PMID: 31081924 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deriving novel treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is of critical importance, as existing treatments are only modestly effective for reducing drinking. Two promising strategies for treating AUDs include cognitive bias modification (CBM) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). While each strategy has shown positive results in reducing drinking or alcohol-related constructs (e.g., craving), initial tests of the combination of CBM and tDCS have shown mixed results. The present study investigated the degree to which combining CBM and tDCS (2.0 mA anodal current over F10) could reduce alcohol approach biases and alcohol consumption. METHODS Seventy-nine at-risk drinkers were randomized to 1 of 4 conditions in a 2 × 2 factorial design: verum CBM/verum tDCS, verum CBM/sham tDCS, sham CBM/verum tDCS, or sham CBM/sham tDCS. Participants completed a baseline assessment of alcohol approach bias and drinking quantity/frequency (i.e., drinks per drinking day [DDD] and percent heavy drinking days [PHDD]), 4 sessions of combined CBM and tDCS, and follow-up assessments of approach bias and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Results indicated that while participants did demonstrate significant alcohol approach biases at baseline, neither CBM, tDCS, nor the interaction reduced the bias at the follow-up. In addition, there was evidence of a trend toward reducing DDD from baseline to the 1-week/1-month follow-ups, but there was no significant effect of the intervention on either DDD or PHDD. CONCLUSIONS These results partially replicated null results presented in similar CBM/tDCS trials and suggest that this combination, at least with anodal stimulation over dorsolateral or inferior frontal sites, may have limited utility to reduce drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Claus
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Roberta Chavez
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addiction, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Amber D Martinez
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addiction, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Vincent P Clark
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Goodyear K. Multisensory Environments to Measure Craving During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:193-195. [PMID: 30920596 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that measure alcohol craving with multisensory environments. Researchers are faced with a two-fold challenge: to recreate a naturalistic environment during an MRI scan and to produce paradigms that mimic real-life conditions involved with craving. Craving is a multifaceted psychological construct and techniques such as fMRI provide an alternative way to measure craving and to have a better understanding of its complexity. Most studies to date have implemented visual stimuli to measure craving and only a few studies have investigated gustation and olfaction. Moving forward, there needs to be greater attention on the ways in which we measure craving and the use of multisensory environments during fMRI. By going beyond examining subjective craving responses, and investigating neurobiological responses such as brain activity during fMRI, can potentially lead to better treatments for alcohol use disorder. Further, there needs to be additional consideration on standardizing how we measure craving, which will allow for a more unified approach amongst researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodyear
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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