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Pan Y, Xu Y, Fan C, Miao X, Shen Y, Wang Q, Wu J, Hu H, Wang H, Xiang M, Ye B. The role of neck adipose tissue in lymph node metastasis of head and neck cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1390824. [PMID: 38800384 PMCID: PMC11116645 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1390824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that adipose tissue significantly influences cancer invasion and lymphatic metastasis. However, the impact of neck adipose tissue (NAT) on lymph node metastasis associated with head and neck cancer remains ambiguous. Here, we systematically assess the classification and measurement criteria of NAT and evaluate the association of adipose tissue and cancer-associated adipocytes with head and neck cancer. We delve into the potential mechanisms by which NAT facilitate cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer, particularly through the secretion of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and Interleukin-6. Our aim is to elucidate the role of NAT in the progression and metastasis of head and neck cancer, offering new insights into prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Borst R, Meyaard L, Pascoal Ramos MI. Understanding the matrix: collagen modifications in tumors and their implications for immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:382. [PMID: 38659022 PMCID: PMC11040975 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors are highly complex and heterogenous ecosystems where malignant cells interact with healthy cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Solid tumors contain large ECM deposits that can constitute up to 60% of the tumor mass. This supports the survival and growth of cancerous cells and plays a critical role in the response to immune therapy. There is untapped potential in targeting the ECM and cell-ECM interactions to improve existing immune therapy and explore novel therapeutic strategies. The most abundant proteins in the ECM are the collagen family. There are 28 different collagen subtypes that can undergo several post-translational modifications (PTMs), which alter both their structure and functionality. Here, we review current knowledge on tumor collagen composition and the consequences of collagen PTMs affecting receptor binding, cell migration and tumor stiffness. Furthermore, we discuss how these alterations impact tumor immune responses and how collagen could be targeted to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowie Borst
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Ines Pascoal Ramos
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
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3
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Hamel KM, Frazier TP, Williams C, Duplessis T, Rowan BG, Gimble JM, Sanchez CG. Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer Microphysiological Models to Capture Human Diversity in Preclinical Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2728. [PMID: 38473978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer accounts for 15.2% of all new cancer cases in the United States, with a continuing increase in incidence despite efforts to discover new targeted therapies. With an approximate failure rate of 85% for therapies in the early phases of clinical trials, there is a need for more translatable, new preclinical in vitro models that include cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix, and human-derived biomaterials. Specifically, adipose tissue and its resident cell populations have been identified as necessary attributes for current preclinical models. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes are a normal part of the breast tissue composition and not only contribute to normal breast physiology but also play a significant role in breast cancer pathophysiology. Given the recognized pro-tumorigenic role of adipocytes in tumor progression, there remains a need to enhance the complexity of current models and account for the contribution of the components that exist within the adipose stromal environment to breast tumorigenesis. This review article captures the current landscape of preclinical breast cancer models with a focus on breast cancer microphysiological system (MPS) models and their counterpart patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to capture patient diversity as they relate to adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Williams
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | | | - Brian G Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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4
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Bou Malhab LJ, Nair VA, Qaisar R, Pintus G, Abdel-Rahman WM. Towards Understanding the Development of Breast Cancer: The Role of RhoJ in the Obesity Microenvironment. Cells 2024; 13:174. [PMID: 38247865 PMCID: PMC10814036 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing pandemic with an increasing risk of inducing different cancer types, including breast cancer. Adipose tissue is proposed to be a major player in the initiation and progression of breast cancer in obese people. However, the mechanistic link between adipogenicity and tumorigenicity in breast tissues is poorly understood. We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the mechanistic relationship between obesity and the onset and progression of breast cancer. In obesity, adipose tissue expansion and remodeling are associated with increased inflammatory mediator's release and anti-inflammatory mediators' reduction.. In order to mimic the obesity micro-environment, we cultured cells in an enriched pro-inflammatory cytokine medium to which we added a low concentration of beneficial adipokines. Epithelial cells exposed to the obesity micro-environment were phenotypically transformed into mesenchymal-like cells, characterized by an increase in different mesenchymal markers and the acquisition of the major hallmarks of cancerous cells; these include sustained DNA damage, the activation of the ATR-Chk2 pathway, an increase in proliferation rate, cell invasion, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes, including RhoJ, CCL7, and MMP9, acted as potential major players in the observed phenomenon. The transcriptomics findings were confirmed in vitro using qRT-PCR and in vivo using high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our data suggests RhoJ as a potential novel molecular driver of tumor development in breast tissues and a mediator of cell resistance to conventional chemotherapy through PAK1 activation. These data propose that RhoJ is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in obese breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Bou Malhab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Vidhya A. Nair
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Li L, Geng J, Yu W, Zhou F, Zheng Z, Fu K, Kong J, Feng X. Inhibition of PPARγ by BZ26, a GW9662 derivate, attenuated obesity-related breast cancer progression by inhibiting the reprogramming of mature adipocytes into to cancer associate adipocyte-like cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205030. [PMID: 37649895 PMCID: PMC10462981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with the development of 13 different types of cancers, including breast cancer. Evidence has indicated that cancer-associated adipocytes promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. However, the mechanisms that link CAAs to the progression of obesity-related cancer are still unknown. Here, we found the mature adipocytes in the visceral fat of HFD-fed mice have a CAAs phenotype but the stromal vascular fraction of the visceral fat has not. Importantly, we found the derivate of the potent PPARγ antagonist GW9662, BZ26 inhibited the reprogramming of mature adipocytes in the visceral fat of HFD-fed mice into CAA-like cells and inhibited the proliferation and invasion of obesity-related breast cancer. Further study found that it mediated the browning of visceral, subcutaneous and perirenal fat and attenuated inflammation of adipose tissue and metabolic disorders. For the mechanism, we found that BZ26 bound and inhibited PPARγ by acting as a new modulator. Therefore, BZ26 serves as a novel modulator of PPARγ activity, that is, capable of inhibiting obesity-related breast cancer progression by inhibiting of CAA-like cell formation, suggesting that inhibiting the reprogramming of mature adipocytes into CAAs or CAA-like cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-related cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiafeng Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihuan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiyue Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junjie Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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6
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Cescon M, Rampazzo E, Bresolin S, Da Ros F, Manfreda L, Cani A, Della Puppa A, Braghetta P, Bonaldo P, Persano L. Collagen VI sustains cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:233. [PMID: 37505240 PMCID: PMC10382393 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors are known fundamental regulators of the phenotype and aggressiveness of glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal brain tumor, characterized by fast progression and marked resistance to treatments. In this context, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to heavily influence the behavior of cancer cells from several origins, contributing to stem cell niches, influencing tumor invasiveness and response to chemotherapy, mediating survival signaling cascades, and modulating inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we show that collagen VI (COL6), an ECM protein widely expressed in both normal and pathological tissues, has a distinctive distribution within the GBM mass, strongly correlated with the most aggressive and phenotypically immature cells. Our data demonstrate that COL6 sustains the stem-like properties of GBM cells and supports the maintenance of an aggressive transcriptional program promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. In particular, we identified a specific subset of COL6-transcriptionally co-regulated genes, required for the response of cells to replicative stress and DNA damage, supporting the concept that COL6 is an essential stimulus for the activation of GBM cell response and resistance to chemotherapy, through the ATM/ATR axis. Altogether, these findings indicate that COL6 plays a pivotal role in GBM tumor biology, exerting a pleiotropic action across different GBM hallmarks, including phenotypic identity and gene transcription, as well as response to treatments, thus providing valuable information for the understanding of the complex microenvironmental cues underlying GBM malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35127, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35127, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Da Ros
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Manfreda
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35127, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35127, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Puppa
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, Neurosurgery Clinic, Academic Neurosurgery, Careggi University Hospital and University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35127, Padua, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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7
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Soni S, Yadav P, Mandal CC. Metformin ameliorates BMP2 induced adipocyte-like property in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:201-208. [PMID: 37406485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring adipocytes of tumor cells/cancer associated adipocytes supply many factors and fatty acids as fuel to cancer cells for inducing cancer progression and development. Epithelial breast cancer cells also differentiate into several cell types to meet various demands. This study reports that breast cancer cells exhibit inherent adipocyte-like property which is further enhanced in presence of BMP2. Antidiabetic metformin inhibits BMP2 induced adipocyte-like potential in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, breast cancer cells not only show lipid accumulation but also have ability to release lipid content. Thus, this study centers around the presence of the adipocyte cell-like property in breast cancer cells, the significance of BMP2 and metformin that may be explored in designing therapeutics against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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8
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Xiao J, Hao Y, Wu X, Zhao X, Xu B, Xiao C, Zhang W, Zhang L, Cui H, Yang C, Yan P, Tang M, Wang Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Zou Y, Yang C, Yao Y, Li J, Jiang X, Zhang B. Nuclear magnetic resonance-determined lipoprotein profile and risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 200:115-126. [PMID: 37162625 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While crudely quantified lipoproteins have been reported to affect the risk of breast cancer, the effects of subclass lipoproteins characterized by particle size, particle number, and lipidomes remain unknown. METHODS Utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance-based GWAS of 85 lipoprotein traits, we performed two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal relationship between each trait with breast cancer (Ncase/control = 133,384/113,789) and with its estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. Then, we applied multivariable MR to investigate the independent effects considering both general and central obesity. RESULTS In univariable MR, a heterogeneous effect of subclass high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was observed, in which small HDL traits (ORs ranged from 0.89 to 0.94) were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer while non-small HDLs traits (OR ranged from 1.04 to 1.08) were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) traits and serum total triglycerides (TG) were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (ORs ranged from 0.88 to 0.94). Similar association patterns were found for ER + subtype. In multivariable MR, only the protective effects of small HDL, VLDL and TG on ER + subtype remained significant. CONCLUSION We identified a heterogeneous effect of subclass HDLs and a consistent protective effect of VLDL on breast cancer. Only the effects of small HDL and VLDL on ER + subtype remained robust after controlling for obesity. These findings provide new insight into the causal pathway underlying lipoproteins and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Guo L, Kong D, Liu J, Zhan L, Luo L, Zheng W, Zheng Q, Chen C, Sun S. Breast cancer heterogeneity and its implication in personalized precision therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 36624542 PMCID: PMC9830930 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer heterogeneity determines cancer progression, treatment effects, and prognosis. However, the precise mechanism for this heterogeneity remains unknown owing to its complexity. Here, we summarize the origins of breast cancer heterogeneity and its influence on disease progression, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. We review the possible mechanisms of heterogeneity and the research methods used to analyze it. We also highlight the importance of cell interactions for the origins of breast cancer heterogeneity, which can be further categorized into cooperative and competitive interactions. Finally, we provide new insights into precise individual treatments based on heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liantao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Deguang Kong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Weijie Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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10
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Zaoui M, Morel M, Louadj L, Ferrand N, Lamazière A, Uzan C, Canlorbe G, Atlan M, Sabbah M. Adipocytes secretome from normal and tumor breast favor breast cancer invasion by metabolic reprogramming. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 25:1389-1401. [PMID: 36520383 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is a major component of breast stroma. This study focused on delineating the effects of adipose stem cells (ASCs) derived from breast of healthy women and cancer patients with normal or tumor breast cells. METHODS The ASCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes, and the subsequent adipocyte conditioned media (ACM) were evaluated for their fatty acid profile, adipokine secretion and influence on proliferation, migration and invasion on tumoral (MCF-7 and SUM159) and normal (HMEC) human breast cell lines. RESULTS An enrichment of arachidonic acid was observed in ACM from tumor tissues. Adipose tissues from tumor free secrete twice as much leptin than those from proximal or distal to the tumor. All ACMs display proliferative activity and favor invasiveness of SUM159 cells compared to MCF-7 and HMEC. All ACMs induced lipid droplets accumulation in MCF-7 cells and increased CD36 expression in tumor cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that among secreted factors analyzed, only arachidonic acid and leptin levels did discriminate ASCs from tumor-bearing and tumor-free breasts emphasizing the importance that other cell types could contribute to the adipose tissue secretome in a tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Zaoui
- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 938, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Morel
- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 938, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Lila Louadj
- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 938, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Ferrand
- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 938, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- UMR 70203, Laboratory of Biomolecules, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École Normale Supérieure, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Uzan
- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 938, 75012, Paris, France
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Canlorbe
- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 938, 75012, Paris, France
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Michael Atlan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, Microsurgery and Tissue Regeneration, Tenon Hospital, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, AP-HP, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Team Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S 938, 75012, Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75012, Paris, France.
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11
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Jeibouei S, Shams F, Mohebichamkhorami F, Sanooghi D, Faal B, Akbari ME, Zali H. Biological and clinical review of IORT-induced wound fluid in breast cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:980513. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.980513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has become a growing therapy for early-stage breast cancer (BC). Some studies claim that wound fluid (seroma), a common consequence of surgical excision in the tumor cavity, can reflect the effects of IORT on cancer inhibition. However, further research by our team and other researchers, such as analysis of seroma composition, affected cell lines, and primary tissues in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, clarified that seroma could not address the questions about IORT effectiveness in the surgical site. In this review, we mention the factors involved in tumor recurrence, direct or indirect effects of IORT on BC, and all the studies associated with BC seroma to attain more information about the impact of IORT-induced seroma to make a better decision to remove or remain after surgery and IORT. Finally, we suggest that seroma studies cannot decipher the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of IORT in BC patients. The question of whether IORT-seroma has a beneficial effect can only be answered in a trial with a clinical endpoint, which is not even ongoing.
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12
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Wu Y, Li X, Li Q, Cheng C, Zheng L. Adipose tissue-to-breast cancer crosstalk: Comprehensive insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188800. [PMID: 36103907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The review focuses on mechanistic evidence for the link between obesity and breast cancer. According to the IARC study, there is sufficient evidence that obesity is closely related to a variety of cancers. Among them, breast cancer is particularly disturbed by adipose tissue due to the unique histological structure of the breast. The review introduces the relationship between obesity and breast cancer from two aspects, including factors that promote tumorigenesis or metastasis. We summarize alterations in adipokines and metabolic pathways that contribute to breast cancer development. Breast cancer metastasis is closely related to obesity-induced pro-inflammatory microenvironment, adipose stem cells, and miRNAs. Based on the mechanism by which obesity causes breast cancer, we list possible therapeutic directions, including reducing the risk of breast cancer and inhibiting the progression of breast cancer. We also discussed the risk of autologous breast remodeling and fat transplantation. Finally, the causes of the obesity paradox and the function of enhancing immunity are discussed. Evaluating the balance between obesity-induced inflammation and enhanced immunity warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xu Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chienshan Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China.
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13
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Pantelimon I, Gales LN, Anghel RM, Gruia MI, Nita I, Matei CV, Bodea D, Stancu AM, Pirvu E, Radu MC, Dumitrescu AI, Manolescu LSC. Aspects Regarding the Influence of Obesity on the Molecular Characteristics of Breast Tumors. Cureus 2022; 14:e26952. [PMID: 35989732 PMCID: PMC9381069 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Micallef P, Vujičić M, Wu Y, Peris E, Wang Y, Chanclón B, Ståhlberg A, Cardell SL, Wernstedt Asterholm I. C1QTNF3 is Upregulated During Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Stimulates Macrophage Chemotaxis and M1-Like Polarization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914956. [PMID: 35720277 PMCID: PMC9202579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue undergoes substantial tissue remodeling during weight gain-induced expansion as well as in response to the mechanical and immunological stresses from a growing tumor. We identified the C1q/TNF-related protein family member C1qtnf3 as one of the most upregulated genes that encode secreted proteins in tumor-associated inguinal adipose tissue - especially in high fat diet-induced obese mice that displayed 3-fold larger tumors than their lean controls. Interestingly, inguinal adipose tissue C1qtnf3 was co-regulated with several macrophage markers and chemokines and was primarily expressed in fibroblasts while only low levels were detected in adipocytes and macrophages. Administration of C1QTNF3 neutralizing antibodies inhibited macrophage accumulation in tumor-associated inguinal adipose tissue while tumor growth was unaffected. In line with this finding, C1QTNF3 exerted chemotactic actions on both M1- and M2-polarized macrophages in vitro. Moreover, C1QTNF3 treatment of M2-type macrophages stimulated the ERK and Akt pathway associated with increased M1-like polarization as judged by increased expression of M1-macrophage markers, increased production of nitric oxide, reduced oxygen consumption and increased glycolysis. Based on these results, we propose that macrophages are recruited to adipose tissue sites with increased C1QTNF3 production. However, the impact of the immunomodulatory effects of C1QTNF3 in adipose tissue remodeling warrants future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Milica Vujičić
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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15
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Yao H, He S. Multi‑faceted role of cancer‑associated adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:866. [PMID: 34676881 PMCID: PMC8554381 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are a type of stromal cell found in numerous different tissues that serve an active role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) display a malignant phenotype and are found at the invasive tumor front, which mediates the crosstalk network between adipocytes (the precursor cells that will become cancer-associated adipocytes in the future) and cancer cells. The present review covers the mechanisms of adipocytes in the development of cancer, including metabolic reprogramming, chemotherapy resistance and adipokine regulation. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms involved in the adipocyte-cancer cell cycle in various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, colon and rectal cancer, are discussed. Deciphering the complex network of CAA-cancer cell crosstalk will provide insights into tumor biology and optimize therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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16
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Evaluation of the circulating serum endotrophin in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus during second trimester. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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The paradoxical role of matrix metalloproteinase-11 in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111899. [PMID: 34346316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment surrounding the tumor affects biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and invasion. Therefore, the ability to change these environments is an important attribute for tumor cells to obtain specific functions necessary for growth and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteolytic metalloenzymes that facilitate protease-dependent tumor progression by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, releasing cytokines, growth factors, and other cell surface molecules. As one of the most widely studied MMPs, MMP-11 is an important protease that is expressed in cancer cells, stromal cells, and the adjacent microenvironment. MMP-11 has a dual effect on tumors. On one hand, MMP-11 promotes tumor development by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting the migration and invasion of cancer cells in the early stage. On the other hand, in animal models, MMP-11 has a protective effect on tumor growth and metastasis at an advanced stage. Based on current findings regarding the importance of MMP-11 in altering the tumor microenvironment, there is a need to further understand how stromal cells and the ECM regulate tumor progression, which may result in the re-examination of MMPs as drug targets for cancer and other diseases. In this review, we summarize the dual role of MMP-11 in cancer and its potential clinical significance.
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18
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Colleluori G, Perugini J, Barbatelli G, Cinti S. Mammary gland adipocytes in lactation cycle, obesity and breast cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:241-255. [PMID: 33751362 PMCID: PMC8087566 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) is an exocrine gland present in female mammals responsible for the production and secretion of milk during the process of lactation. It is mainly composed by epithelial cells and adipocytes. Among the features that make the MG unique there are 1) its highly plastic properties displayed during pregnancy, lactation and involution (all steps belonging to the lactation cycle) and 2) its requirement to grow in close association with adipocytes which are absolutely necessary to ensure MG's proper development at puberty and remodeling during the lactation cycle. Although MG adipocytes play such a critical role for the gland development, most of the studies have focused on its epithelial component only, leaving the role of the neighboring adipocytes largely unexplored. In this review we aim to describe evidences regarding MG's adipocytes role and properties in physiologic conditions (gland development and lactation cycle), obesity and breast cancer, emphasizing the existing gaps in the literature which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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19
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Anwar SL, Cahyono R, Prabowo D, Avanti WS, Choridah L, Dwianingsih EK, Harahap WA, Aryandono T. Metabolic comorbidities and the association with risks of recurrent metastatic disease in breast cancer survivors. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:590. [PMID: 34022845 PMCID: PMC8141199 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and other metabolic comorbidities affect over 10% of patients with breast cancer and are closely related with adverse outcomes. Although metabolic comorbidities among breast cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries are suggested to be lower, only a few studies are currently available. Effective management of metabolic comorbidities in cancer patients has been associated with better outcomes. METHODS Non-metastatic breast cancer patients (N = 1081) treated in our department (2014-2018) were monitored for the presence of high Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes or glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension and the development of recurrent metastatic diseases during a median follow-up of 3.9 years. RESULTS Glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and BMI ≥ 27.7 kg/m2 considered at risk for metabolic comorbidities were found in 26.5, 42.6, 27.7, and 23.3% of breast cancer patients, respectively. Diabetes or glucose intolerance and having both glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia were associated with the risk of recurrent metastatic disease (OR = 1.442, 95%CI = 1.071-1.943, p = 0.016 and OR = 1.495, 95%CI = 1.090-2.049, p = 0.010; respectively). Having three or more metabolic comorbidities was significantly associated with the risk of recurrent metastatic disease (OR = 1.647, 95%CI = 1.139-2.382, p = 0.008) compared to patients without any comorbidity. The metabolic comorbidities were distributed unevenly among breast cancer subtypes. A significant association with recurrent metastatic disease was found in the Luminal B-like subtype. In post-menopausal patients, having more than three comorbidities was associated with a higher risk of recurrent metastatic disease compared to those without any comorbidity (OR = 2.000, 95%CI = 1.035-3.067, p = 0.001). The risks of having three or more metabolic comorbidities were significantly higher in breast cancer survivors who were obese, lived in an urban area, and received hormonal therapy of aromatase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Metabolic comorbidities were frequently found in breast cancer patients and were associated with higher risks to develop recurrent metastatic disease, particularly in post-menopausal women. Subsequent larger studies are needed to better understand the association of metabolic comorbidities with patients' quality of life and prognosis, and to explore the potential combination of clinical intervention and lifestyle modification in breast cancer survivors to treat as well as reduce their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumadi Lukman Anwar
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Roby Cahyono
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dayat Prabowo
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Widya Surya Avanti
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Lina Choridah
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ery Kus Dwianingsih
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Wirsma Arif Harahap
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dr. M Jamil Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Aryandono
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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20
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Safety and Effectiveness of Autologous Fat Grafting after Breast Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147:1-10. [PMID: 33370043 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of autologous fat grafting after radiotherapy. METHODS All studies published before December of 2019 were collected by searching on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data. After independently screening the studies and extracting the data, Stata was applied to perform meta-analysis. RESULTS Seventeen qualified articles were eventually included, involving a total of 1658 patients, of which 1555 underwent autologous fat grafting. Overall, empirically from the data, the use of autologous fat grafting after radiotherapy does not increase the incidence of complications or the risk of tumor recurrence. Through statistical analysis, the authors found that 152 patients suffered complications after undergoing autologous fat grafting [152 of 1555 (9.8 percent)]; 72 patients suffered complications after undergoing postradiotherapy autologous fat grafting [72 of 1040 (6.9 percent)], including seven cases of tumor recurrence [seven of 1040 (0.7 percent)]; and 80 patients suffered complications after undergoing autologous fat grafting without radiotherapy [80 of 515 (15.5 percent)], including seven cases of tumor recurrence [seven of 515 (1.4 percent)]. The authors also found that 970 of 1040 patients (93.3 percent) were satisfied with the results of postradiotherapy autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided an evidence-based conclusion supporting the use of autologous fat grafting for breast reconstruction after radiotherapy. Autologous fat grafting can effectively correct breast deformity and contracture caused by breast-conserving therapy and radiotherapy and increase patient satisfaction without increasing the rate of tumor recurrence.
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21
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Tucci J, Chen T, Margulis K, Orgel E, Paszkiewicz RL, Cohen MD, Oberley MJ, Wahhab R, Jones AE, Divakaruni AS, Hsu CC, Noll SE, Sheng X, Zare RN, Mittelman SD. Adipocytes Provide Fatty Acids to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665763. [PMID: 33968771 PMCID: PMC8100891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that adipocytes play an active role in the cancer microenvironment. We have previously reported that adipocytes interact with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, contributing to chemotherapy resistance and treatment failure. In the present study, we investigated whether part of this resistance is due to adipocyte provision of lipids to ALL cells. Methods We cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and tested whether ALL cells or ALL-released cytokines induced FFA release. We investigated whether ALL cells took up these FFA, and using fluorescent tagged BODIPY-FFA and lipidomics, evaluated which lipid moieties were being transferred from adipocytes to ALL. We evaluated the effects of adipocyte-derived lipids on ALL cell metabolism using a Seahorse XF analyzer and expression of enzymes important for lipid metabolism, and tested whether these lipids could protect ALL cells from chemotherapy. Finally, we evaluated a panel of lipid synthesis and metabolism inhibitors to determine which were affected by the presence of adipocytes. Results Adipocytes release free fatty acids (FFA) when in the presence of ALL cells. These FFA are taken up by the ALL cells and incorporated into triglycerides and phospholipids. Some of these lipids are stored in lipid droplets, which can be utilized in states of fuel deprivation. Adipocytes preferentially release monounsaturated FFA, and this can be attenuated by inhibiting the desaturating enzyme steroyl-CoA decarboxylase-1 (SCD1). Adipocyte-derived FFA can relieve ALL cell endogenous lipogenesis and reverse the cytotoxicity of pharmacological acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibition. Further, adipocytes alter ALL cell metabolism, shifting them from glucose to FFA oxidation. Interestingly, the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, protects ALL cells from modest concentrations of chemotherapy, such as those that might be present in the ALL microenvironment. In addition, targeting lipid synthesis and metabolism can potentially reverse adipocyte protection of ALL cells. Conclusion These findings uncover a previously unidentified interaction between ALL cells and adipocytes, leading to transfer of FFA for use as a metabolic fuel and macromolecule building block. This interaction may contribute to ALL resistance to chemotherapy, and could potentially be targeted to improve ALL treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tucci
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Margulis
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Etan Orgel
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael D Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew J Oberley
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Wahhab
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sarah E Noll
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xia Sheng
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven D Mittelman
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Lechner J, Schulz T, Lejeune B, von Baehr V. Jawbone Cavitation Expressed RANTES/CCL5: Case Studies Linking Silent Inflammation in the Jawbone with Epistemology of Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:225-240. [PMID: 33859496 PMCID: PMC8044077 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s295488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of signaling pathways as part of the cell-cell communication within cancer progression becomes a crucial area. Chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), also known as the chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) (R/C), is a protein on which cancer research focus due to its link with aggressive cancer development. Objective Research on fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis in jawbone (FDOJ) shows striking overexpression of R/C in these areas. Here we try to elucidate a potential link between jawbone-derived R/C and breast cancer (BC) and compare these findings by immunohistochemical staining. Methods Thirty-nine FDOJ samples extracted from 39 BC patients and samples from 19 healthy control were analyzed for R/C expression using bead-based Luminex® analysis. R/C levels from 5 BC patients were measured in serum before and after FDOJ surgery. Bone density, histology, R/C expression, and immunohistochemistry were analysed in 4 clinical case studies. The R/C staining of two FDOJ BC patients is compared with the immunohistochemical staining of BC cell preparations. Results A high overexpression of R/C was seen in all FDOJ samples. R/C levels in serum were statistically downregulated after FDOJ surgery (p=0.0241). Discussion R/C induced “silent inflammation” in BC is widely discussed in scientific papers along with R/C triggering of different signaling pathways, which might be a key point in the development of BC. Conclusion Hypothesis that FDOJ may serve as a trigger of BC progression through R/C overexpression was set by the authors, who thus inspire clinicians to make aware of FDOJ throughout the dental and medical community in BC cases.
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Horder H, Guaza Lasheras M, Grummel N, Nadernezhad A, Herbig J, Ergün S, Teßmar J, Groll J, Fabry B, Bauer-Kreisel P, Blunk T. Bioprinting and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Spheroids for a 3D Breast Cancer-Adipose Tissue Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040803. [PMID: 33916870 PMCID: PMC8066030 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication, including printing technologies, has emerged as a powerful approach to the design of disease models, such as in cancer research. In breast cancer, adipose tissue has been acknowledged as an important part of the tumor microenvironment favoring tumor progression. Therefore, in this study, a 3D-printed breast cancer model for facilitating investigations into cancer cell-adipocyte interaction was developed. First, we focused on the printability of human adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) spheroids in an extrusion-based bioprinting setup and the adipogenic differentiation within printed spheroids into adipose microtissues. The printing process was optimized in terms of spheroid viability and homogeneous spheroid distribution in a hyaluronic acid-based bioink. Adipogenic differentiation after printing was demonstrated by lipid accumulation, expression of adipogenic marker genes, and an adipogenic ECM profile. Subsequently, a breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) compartment was printed onto the adipose tissue constructs. After nine days of co-culture, we observed a cancer cell-induced reduction of the lipid content and a remodeling of the ECM within the adipose tissues, with increased fibronectin, collagen I and collagen VI expression. Together, our data demonstrate that 3D-printed breast cancer-adipose tissue models can recapitulate important aspects of the complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interplay within the tumor-stroma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Horder
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
| | - Mar Guaza Lasheras
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
| | - Nadine Grummel
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (N.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Ali Nadernezhad
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Johannes Herbig
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (N.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Petra Bauer-Kreisel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-201-37115
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Couto-González I, Vila I, Brea-García B, Soldevila-Guilera S, Fernández-Marcos AÁ, Pardo M, Taboada-Suárez A. Safety of Large-Volume Immediate Fat Grafting for Latissimus Dorsi-Only Breast Reconstruction: Results and Related Complications in 95 Consecutive Cases. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:64-75. [PMID: 32778932 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast reconstruction with implants has proven serious complications, mostly in patients who have undergone radiotherapy. In these cases, autologous reconstruction is the technique of choice. OBJECTIVES To study if breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi and immediate fat grafting (LIFG) is a widely applicable technique for those cases in which an autologous reconstruction is desirable, but the use of microsurgical perforator flaps is not available. METHODS Data of 95 consecutive breast reconstructions from May 2014 to December 2018 were prospectively collected. All patients included in the study had a minimum follow-up of one year after completion of the reconstructive process. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 48.57 years with an average follow-up of 20.65 months. The mean number of surgeries per patient was 1.61. In 47.4% of the cases, only LIFG surgery was required to accomplish the reconstructive process. The mean volume of fat graft used was 416.00 ± 145.79 cc. Relevant statistically significant differences in the volume of graft were found regarding the use of previous radiotherapy and the timing of reconstruction. Radiological fat necrosis nodes were the main complication (15.8%). However, their presence was significantly lower if no additional fat grafting sessions were necessary, though, unexpectedly, no relation was found in relation to the total amount of fat graft needed. CONCLUSIONS LIFG has proved to be a safe and reliable method for total autologous breast reconstruction. Even when a medium to large size is required, a large volume of fat graft is accepted; thus, excellent results can be obtained. It is an interesting alternative for breast reconstruction, in addition to abdominal perforator flaps. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . Breast Surgery.
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Cellular and Molecular Players in the Interplay between Adipose Tissue and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031359. [PMID: 33572982 PMCID: PMC7866411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and severity of obesity are rising in most of the world. In addition to metabolic disorders, obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of a variety of types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC). The bidirectional interaction between BC and adipose cells has been deeply investigated, although the molecular and cellular players involved in these mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated. Here, we review the current knowledge on these interactions and describe how preclinical research might be used to clarify the effects of obesity over BC progression and morbidity, with particular attention paid to promising therapeutic interventions.
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Simonaggio A, Epaillard N, Pobel C, Moreira M, Oudard S, Vano YA. Tumor Microenvironment Features as Predictive Biomarkers of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (mccRCC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E231. [PMID: 33435262 PMCID: PMC7827724 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed malignancy with an increasing incidence in developed countries. Despite a greater understanding of the cancer biology, which has led to an increase of therapeutic options, metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) still have a poor prognosis with a median five-years survival rate lower than 10%. The standard of care for mccRCC has changed dramatically over the past decades with the emergence of new treatments: anti-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR Inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as anti-Programmed cell-Death 1 (PD-1) and anti-anti-Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) used as monotherapy or as a combination with anti CTLA-4 or anti angiogenic therapies. In the face of these rising therapeutic options, the question of the therapeutic sequences is crucial. Predictive biomarkers are urgently required to provide a personalized treatment for each patient. Disappointingly, the usual ICI biomarkers, PD-L1 expression and Tumor Mutational Burden, approved in melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have failed to distinguish good and poor mccRCC responders to ICI. The tumor microenvironment is known to be involved in ICI response. Innovative technologies can be used to explore the immune contexture of tumors and to find predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Recent comprehensive molecular characterization of RCC has led to the development of robust genomic signatures, which could be used as predictive biomarkers. This review will provide an overview of the components of the RCC tumor microenvironment and discuss their role in disease progression and resistance to ICI. We will then highlight the current and future ICI predictive biomarkers assessed in mccRCC with a major focus on immunohistochemistry markers and genomic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Simonaggio
- Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP Centre–Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.S.); (N.E.); (C.P.); (S.O.)
| | - Nicolas Epaillard
- Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP Centre–Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.S.); (N.E.); (C.P.); (S.O.)
| | - Cédric Pobel
- Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP Centre–Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.S.); (N.E.); (C.P.); (S.O.)
| | - Marco Moreira
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team “Cancer, Immune Control and Escape”, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP Centre–Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.S.); (N.E.); (C.P.); (S.O.)
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yann-Alexandre Vano
- Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP Centre–Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.S.); (N.E.); (C.P.); (S.O.)
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team “Cancer, Immune Control and Escape”, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, 75006 Paris, France;
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The Tumor-Fat Interface Volume of Breast Cancer on Pretreatment MRI Is Associated with a Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110391. [PMID: 33182628 PMCID: PMC7697338 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Contact between a tumor and the adjacent fat is a potential biomarker to predict the therapy response in breast cancer, but it has not been quantitatively explored. In this study, we measured the direct contact between the tumor and adjacent fat using breast magnetic resonance imaging with machine learning and found that patients with a greater volume of contact between tumor and fat were less likely to have a complete pathological response. Our results suggest that the volume of the tumor–fat interface is a potential prognostic imaging biomarker to predict the treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Abstract Adipocytes are active sources of numerous adipokines that work in both a paracrine and endocrine manner. It is not known that the direct contact between tumor and neighboring fat measured by pretreatment breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affects treatment outcomes to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients. A biomarker quantifying the tumor–fat interface volume from pretreatment MRI was proposed and used to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients treated with NAC. The tumor–fat interface volume was computed with data-driven clustering using multiphasic MRI. Our approach was developed and validated in two cohorts consisting of 1140 patients. A high tumor–fat interface volume was significantly associated with a non-pCR in both the development and validation cohorts (p = 0.030 and p = 0.037, respectively). Quantitative measurement of the tumor–fat interface volume based on pretreatment MRI may be useful for precision medicine and subsequently influence the treatment strategy of patients.
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Wu J, He S, Yu Z, Lan D, Xiong X, Li Z. Transcriptomic study of yak mammary gland tissue during lactation. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:672-679. [PMID: 32959729 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1823401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Yak milk, a high-quality milk, is one of the best raw materials for dairy products and economically important to pastoral herdsmen. To make a further understanding of the molecular differences in mammary tissues of the yaks with different milk production during lactation, in this study, we took the use of RNA-seq to perform high-throughput sequencing and analysis of the mammary gland transcriptomes of both high-yielding yak and low-yielding yaks during lactation. By the comparison and analysis of the transcriptome data for the mammary gland tissue of high-yielding yak and low-yield yak, 144 differential genes were screened out, of which 49 were upregulated and 95 were downregulated. Further functional analysis indicated that these differential genes involved in multiple classes based on Gene Ontology (GO) and multiple Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The GO analysis showed that the functions of the differential genes are closely related to the carbohydrate metabolism and other biological processes. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes are mostly enriched in the pathway of antigen processing and presentation, phagosome pathway and type I diabetes pathway and enriched followed by extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathway. Moreover, several other pathways related to amino acid metabolism also showed significant enrichment. Here, the mammary gland transcriptomes of high-yielding yak and low-yielding yaks during lactation have for the first time been compared, and the related differential genes have been screened out and analyzed. Our study paves a way for the further elucidation of the basic molecular mechanism of yak mammary gland tissue, and at the same time provides new ideas for improving the milk production of yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Wu
- Animal Husbandry Science Institute of ABa Autonomous Prefecture, Hongyuan, P. R. China
| | - Shiming He
- Animal Husbandry Science Institute of ABa Autonomous Prefecture, Hongyuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Yu
- Animal Husbandry Science Institute of ABa Autonomous Prefecture, Hongyuan, P. R. China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- Animal Husbandry Science Institute of ABa Autonomous Prefecture, Hongyuan, P. R. China
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Mertz D, Sentosa J, Luker G, Takayama S. Studying Adipose Tissue in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment In Vitro: Progress and Opportunities. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:773-785. [PMID: 32939672 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breast cancer microenvironment contains a variety of stromal cells that are widely implicated in worse patient outcomes. While many in vitro models of the breast tumor microenvironment have been published, only a small fraction of these feature adipocytes. Adipocytes are a cell type increasingly recognized to have complex functions in breast cancer. METHODS In this review, we examine findings from recent examples of in vitro experiments modeling adipocytes within the local breast tumor microenvironment. RESULTS Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment are covered in this review and both have uncovered interesting phenomena related to breast tumor progression. CONCLUSION Certain aspects of breast cancer and associated adipocyte biology: extracellular matrix effects, cell-cell contact, and physiological mass transport can only be examined with a three-dimensional culture platform. Opportunities remain for innovative improvements to be made to in vitro models that further increase what is known about adipocytes during breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mertz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jason Sentosa
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gary Luker
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Renin angiotensin system inhibition attenuates adipocyte-breast cancer cell interactions. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu L, Wu Y, Zhang C, Zhou C, Li Y, Zeng Y, Zhang C, Li R, Luo D, Wang L, Zhang L, Tu S, Deng H, Luo S, Chen YG, Xiong X, Yan X. Cancer-associated adipocyte-derived G-CSF promotes breast cancer malignancy via Stat3 signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:723-737. [PMID: 32242230 PMCID: PMC7749739 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte is the most predominant cell type in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, yet the underlying mechanisms and functional mediators remain elusive. We isolated primary preadipocytes from mammary fat pads of human breast cancer patients and generated mature adipocytes and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) in vitro. The CAAs exhibited significantly different gene expression profiles as assessed by transcriptome sequencing. One of the highly expressed genes in CAAs is granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Treatment with recombinant human G-CSF protein or stable expression of human G-CSF in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, by activating Stat3. Accordantly, targeting G-CSF/Stat3 signaling with G-CSF-neutralizing antibody, a chemical inhibitor, or siRNAs for Stat3 could all abrogate CAA- or G-CSF-induced migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The pro-invasive genes MMP2 and MMP9 were identified as target genes of G-CSF in TNBC cells. Furthermore, in human breast cancer tissues, elevated G-CSF expression in adipocytes is well correlated with activated Stat3 signal in cancer cells. Together, our results suggest a novel strategy to intervene with invasive breast cancers by targeting CAA-derived G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yining Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lieliang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuo Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330003, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang 330031, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
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Activating transcription factor 3 inhibits endometrial carcinoma aggressiveness via JunB suppression. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:707-720. [PMID: 32582999 PMCID: PMC7384851 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in cancer is context‑dependent and its role in endometrial carcinoma (EC) is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, ATF3 was indicated to be downregulated, while one of the ATF3‑interacting proteins, JunB, was upregulated in ECs according to western blot analysis. After overexpression in ECs, ATF3 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of EC cells and enhanced apoptosis, as well as suppressed the expression of JunB. The properties of EC cells, including the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, the cell cycle and apoptosis were all altered by overexpression of ATF3. Furthermore, luciferase activity assay, chromatin precipitation and DNA affinity assay results indicated that ATF3 exerted the aforementioned functions via JunB binding and activator protein‑1 signaling. However, the interaction between ATF3 and JunB did not occur in EC cells under basal conditions, but in ATF3‑overexpressing ECs, which was capable of mitigating EC proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Collectively, the present results suggested that the ATF3/JunB interaction may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ECs.
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Sudhakaran M, Doseff AI. The Targeted Impact of Flavones on Obesity-Induced Inflammation and the Potential Synergistic Role in Cancer and the Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2020; 25:E2477. [PMID: 32471061 PMCID: PMC7321129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels, affecting nearly 30% of the world's total population. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden. Hence, reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge. The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes. Macrophages, the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation, contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function, which creates a vicious adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Therefore, targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions. However, the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation. Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation, due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective opportunities to improve health. Flavones are a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis, inducing browning, modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues, and hindering obesity-induced inflammation. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations. This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages, while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits of flavones against obesity and chronic inflammation, which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence. We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation, with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and their role in the regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Cantini G, Di Franco A, Mannelli M, Scimè A, Maggi M, Luconi M. The Role of Metabolic Changes in Shaping the Fate of Cancer-Associated Adipose Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:332. [PMID: 32478073 PMCID: PMC7242628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue in physiological and in metabolically altered conditions (obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome) strictly interacts with the developing tumors both systemically and locally. In addition to the cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipose cells have also recently been described among the pivotal actors of the tumor microenvironment responsible for sustaining tumor development and progression. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that not only the mature adipocytes but also the adipose stem cells (ASCs) are able to establish a strict crosstalk with the tumour cells, thus resulting in a reciprocal reprogramming of both the tumor and adipose components. This review will focus on the metabolic changes induced by this interaction as a driver of fate determination occurring in cancer-associated ASCs (CA-ASCs) to support the tumor metabolic requirements. We will showcase the major role played by the metabolic changes occurring in the adipose tumor microenvironment that regulates ASC fate and consequently cancer progression. Our new results will also highlight the CA-ASC response in vitro by using a coculture system of primary ASCs grown with cancer cells originating from two different types of adrenal cancers [adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and pheochromocytoma]. In conclusion, the different factors involved in this crosstalk process will be analyzed and their effects on the adipocyte differentiation potential and functions of CA-ASCs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cantini
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Franco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Mannelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Michaela Luconi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Hwang SH, Lee M. Autophagy inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes breaks the crosstalk with tumor cells by suppression of adipokine production. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:17-25. [PMID: 32158612 PMCID: PMC7048175 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1700159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed the functional importance of autophagy in both adipogenesis and carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated autophagy as a link between tumorigenesis and adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 cells, which have been shown to closely mimic the in vivo differentiation process. The relative levels of LC3-II/I showed that autophagy was the highest after 4–6 days of initiation of differentiation and it diminished thereafter. Furthermore, chloroquine (CQ), a late autophagy inhibitor, effectively inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that autophagy may have a positive impact on adipogenic differentiation. Notably, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CQ completely blocked the mRNA expression of three adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)), which increased proportionally to adipocyte differentiation. Using adipokine antibody arrays, we also found that among 38 adipokines examined, 6 adipokines were significantly differentially regulated in mature adipocytes compared to those in preadipocytes. A comparative analysis of adipokine production revealed that CQ-treated adipocytes displayed a profile similar to that of preadipocytes. Subsequently, CQ treatment significantly inhibited the migration capacity of v-Ha-ras-transformed cells in both 3T3-L1 adipocyte-conditioned medium and co-culture with 3T3-L1 using a transwell plate. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy inhibition blocks the production of mediators relevant to the adipogenic process and may significantly contribute to reducing obesity-related cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Lee Isla Crake R, Phillips E, Kleffmann T, Currie MJ. Co-culture With Human Breast Adipocytes Differentially Regulates Protein Abundance in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 16:319-332. [PMID: 31467226 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Recent research highlights the role of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA) in promoting breast cancer cell migration, invasion and resistance to therapy. This study aimed at identifying cellular proteins differentially regulated in breast cancer cells co-cultured with CAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipocytes isolated from human breast adipose tissue were co-cultured with hormone receptor-positive (MCF-7) or -negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells using a transwell co-culture system. Proteomes of co-cultured and control breast cancer cells were compared quantitatively using iTRAQ labelling and tandem mass spectrometry, and the results were validated by western blotting. RESULTS A total of 1,126 and 1,218 proteins were identified in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Among these, 85 (MCF-7) and 63 (MDA-MB-231) had an average fold change >1.5 following co-culture. Pathway analysis revealed that CAA-induced enrichment of proteins involved in metabolism, the ubiquitin proteasome, and purine synthesis. CONCLUSION This study provides a proteomic platform for investigating the paracrine role of CAA in promoting breast cancer cell metastasis and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Lee Isla Crake
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Protein Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margaret Jane Currie
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Sharma KS, Biddlestone J, Naasan A, Weiler-Mithoff EM. Outcomes following high- versus low-volume fat transfer following breast reconstruction and conservation—the Canniesburn Experience. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-019-01597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rasha F, Kahathuduwa C, Ramalingam L, Hernandez A, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Combined Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Adipocyte Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition on Breast Cancer Cell Inflammation and Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010220. [PMID: 31963198 PMCID: PMC7016836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Obesity-related metabolic alterations such as inflammation and overactivation of the adipose renin–angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to the progression of BC. Clinically used antihypertensive drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and dietary bioactive components such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are known for their anti-inflammatory and adipose RAS blocking properties. However, whether EPA enhances the protective effects of ACE-I in lessening adipocyte inflammation on BC cells has not been studied. We hypothesized that combined EPA and ACE-I would attenuate BC cell inflammation and migration possibly via adipose RAS inhibition. To test our hypothesis, we examined the (i) direct effects of an ACE-I (captopril (CAP)) or EPA, individually and combined, on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human BC cells, and the (ii) effects of conditioned medium (CM) from human adipocytes pretreated with the abovementioned agents on BC cells. We demonstrated that CM from adipocytes pretreated with EPA with or without captopril (but not direct treatments of BC cells) significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines expression in both BC cell lines. Additionally, cell migration was reduced in MDA-MB-231 cells in response to both direct and CM-mediated CAP and/or EPA treatments. In summary, our study provides a significant insight into added benefits of combining anti-inflammatory EPA and antihypertensive ACE-I to attenuate the effects of adipocytes on breast cancer cell migration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Chanaka Kahathuduwa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Arelys Hernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-834-7946
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The use of autologous fat grafts in breast surgery: A literature review. Arch Plast Surg 2019; 46:498-510. [PMID: 31775202 PMCID: PMC6882697 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2019.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat injection was first described roughly a century ago and has been used in surgery ever since. In addition to its use in many surgical fields, it is also frequently used for both aesthetic and reconstructive purposes in breast surgery. Since the application of fat grafting in breast surgery has steadily increased, studies investigating its reliability have simultaneously become increasingly common. Previous studies have reported that the use of fat grafting in breast surgery is reliable, but some pending questions remain about its routine use. In order to use fat grafts successfully in breast surgery, it is necessary to be familiar with the structure and content of adipose tissue, the efficacy of adipose stem cell-enriched fat grafts, the oncological safety of fat grafts, and the problems that may occur in the radiological follow-up of patients who undergo fat grafting procedures. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the use of fat grafts in breast surgery by investigating these common problems.
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Avril P, Vidal L, Barille-Nion S, Le Nail LR, Redini F, Layrolle P, Pinault M, Chevalier S, Perrot P, Trichet V. Epinephrine Infiltration of Adipose Tissue Impacts MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells and Total Lipid Content. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225626. [PMID: 31717935 PMCID: PMC6888424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the positive or negative potential effects of adipocytes, depending on their lipid composition, on breast tumor progression, it is important to evaluate whether adipose tissue (AT) harvesting procedures, including epinephrine infiltration, may influence breast cancer progression. METHODS Culture medium conditioned with epinephrine-infiltrated adipose tissue was tested on human Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) breast cancer cells, cultured in monolayer or in oncospheres. Lipid composition was evaluated depending on epinephrine-infiltration for five patients. Epinephrine-infiltrated adipose tissue (EI-AT) or corresponding conditioned medium (EI-CM) were injected into orthotopic breast carcinoma induced in athymic mouse. RESULTS EI-CM significantly increased the proliferation rate of MCF7 cells Moreover EI-CM induced an output of the quiescent state of MCF7 cells, but it could be either an activator or inhibitor of the epithelial mesenchymal transition as indicated by gene expression changes. EI-CM presented a significantly higher lipid total weight compared with the conditioned medium obtained from non-infiltrated-AT of paired-patients. In vivo, neither the EI-CM or EI-AT injection significantly promoted MCF7-induced tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Even though conditioned media are widely used to mimic the secretome of cells or tissues, they may produce different effects on tumor progression, which may explain some of the discrepancy observed between in vitro, preclinical and clinical data using AT samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Avril
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, UMR1238, Phy-Os, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, F-44035 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (L.V.); (L.-R.L.N.); (F.R.); (P.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Luciano Vidal
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, UMR1238, Phy-Os, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, F-44035 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (L.V.); (L.-R.L.N.); (F.R.); (P.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Sophie Barille-Nion
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Louis-Romée Le Nail
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, UMR1238, Phy-Os, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, F-44035 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (L.V.); (L.-R.L.N.); (F.R.); (P.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, UMR1238, Phy-Os, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, F-44035 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (L.V.); (L.-R.L.N.); (F.R.); (P.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, UMR1238, Phy-Os, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, F-44035 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (L.V.); (L.-R.L.N.); (F.R.); (P.L.); (V.T.)
| | - Michelle Pinault
- INSERM Université de Tours, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, F-37032 Tours, France; (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Stéphane Chevalier
- INSERM Université de Tours, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, F-37032 Tours, France; (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Pierre Perrot
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, UMR1238, Phy-Os, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, F-44035 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (L.V.); (L.-R.L.N.); (F.R.); (P.L.); (V.T.)
- CHU de Nantes, Service de Chirurgie Plastique et des Brûlés, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-40-08-73-02
| | - Valérie Trichet
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, UMR1238, Phy-Os, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, F-44035 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (L.V.); (L.-R.L.N.); (F.R.); (P.L.); (V.T.)
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Januškevičienė I, Petrikaitė V. Heterogeneity of breast cancer: The importance of interaction between different tumor cell populations. Life Sci 2019; 239:117009. [PMID: 31669239 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Despite the early detection of breast cancer and increasing knowledge of its biology and chemo-resistance, metastatic breast cancer is largely incurable disease. We provide a review of the intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity, explain the differences between triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Also, we describe the interaction of breast tumor cells with their microenvironment cells and explain how this interaction contributes to the tumor progression, metastasis formation and resistance to the treatment. DISCUSSION One of the main causes that complicate the treatment is tumor heterogeneity. It is observed among patients (intertumor heterogeneity) and in each individual tumor (intratumor heterogeneity). In the case of intratumor heterogeneity, the tumor consists of different phenotypical cell populations. During breast cancer subtype identification, a small piece of solid tumor tissue does not necessarily represent all the tumor composition. Breast tumor cell phenotypical differences may appear due to cell localization in different tumor sites, unique response to the treatment, cell interaction with tumor microenvironment or tumor cell interaction with each other. This heterogeneity may lead to breast cancer aggressiveness and challenging treatment. CONCLUSION Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity that are relevant to the development of treatment resistance is a major area of research. Identification of differences between populations and their response to anticancer drugs would help to predict the potential resistance to chemotherapy and thus would help to select the most suitable anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrė Januškevičienė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Av. 13, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Av. 13, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania; Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Role of the Microenvironment in Regulating Normal and Cancer Stem Cell Activity: Implications for Breast Cancer Progression and Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091240. [PMID: 31450577 PMCID: PMC6770706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cells in an adult woman’s breast tissue are continuously replaced throughout their reproductive life during pregnancy and estrus cycles. Such extensive epithelial cell turnover is governed by the primitive mammary stem cells (MaSCs) that proliferate and differentiate into bipotential and lineage-restricted progenitors that ultimately generate the mature breast epithelial cells. These cellular processes are orchestrated by tightly-regulated paracrine signals and crosstalk between breast epithelial cells and their tissue microenvironment. However, current evidence suggests that alterations to the communication between MaSCs, epithelial progenitors and their microenvironment plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the role of the breast tissue microenvironment in regulating the special functions of normal and cancer stem cells. Understanding the crosstalk between MaSCs and their microenvironment will provide new insights into how an altered breast tissue microenvironment could contribute to breast cancer development, progression and therapy response and the implications of this for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target cancer stem cells.
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Tumminia A, Vinciguerra F, Parisi M, Graziano M, Sciacca L, Baratta R, Frittitta L. Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122863. [PMID: 31212761 PMCID: PMC6628240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been recognized as a complex organ with endocrine and metabolic roles. The excess of fat mass, as occurs during overweight and obesity states, alters the regulation of adipose tissue, contributing to the development of obesity-related disorders. In this regard, many epidemiological studies shown an association between obesity and numerous types of malignancies, comprising those linked to the endocrine system (e.g., breast, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers). Multiple factors may contribute to this phenomenon, such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal adipokines secretion and metabolism. Among adipokines, growing interest has been placed in recent years on adiponectin (APN) and on its role in carcinogenesis. APN is secreted by adipose tissue and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions. It has been demonstrated that APN is drastically decreased in obese individuals and that it can play a crucial role in tumor growth. Although literature data on the impact of APN on carcinogenesis are sometimes conflicting, the most accredited hypothesis is that it has a protective action, preventing cancer development and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available evidence on the involvement of APN and its signaling in the etiology of cancer, focusing on endocrine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Federica Vinciguerra
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Miriam Parisi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marco Graziano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Baratta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
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Bu D, Crewe C, Kusminski CM, Gordillo R, Ghaben AL, Kim M, Park J, Deng H, Xiong W, Liu XZ, Lønning PE, Halberg N, Rios A, Chang Y, Gonzalez A, Zhang N, An Z, Scherer PE. Human endotrophin as a driver of malignant tumor growth. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125094. [PMID: 30896449 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the carboxy-terminal proteolytic cleavage product of the COL6α3 chain that we refer to as "endotrophin" has potent effects on transformed mammary ductal epithelial cells in rodents. Endotrophin (ETP) is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue. It is a chemoattractant for macrophages, exerts effects on endothelial cells and through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances progression of tumor cells. In a recombinant form, human endotrophin exerts similar effects on human macrophages and endothelial cells as its rodent counterpart. It enhances EMT in human breast cancer cells and upon overexpression in tumor cells, the cells become chemoresistant. Here, we report the identification of endotrophin from human plasma. It is circulating at higher levels in breast cancer patients. We have developed neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human endotrophin and provide evidence for the effectiveness of these antibodies to curb tumor growth and enhance chemosensitivity in a nude mouse model carrying human tumor cell lesions. Combined, the data validate endotrophin as a viable target for anti-tumor therapy for human breast cancer and opens the possibility for further use of these new reagents for anti-fibrotic approaches in liver, kidney, bone marrow and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Bu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra L Ghaben
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hui Deng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiao-Zheng Liu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, and Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adan Rios
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Anneliese Gonzalez
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Ko JH, Um JY, Lee SG, Yang WM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Conditioned media from adipocytes promote proliferation, migration, and invasion in melanoma and colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18249-18261. [PMID: 30851074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity can significantly increase the risk of various cancers, although the mechanisms underlying this link are completely unknown. Here, we analyzed the effect of adipocytes on melanoma and colon cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. The potential effects of conditioned media (CM) obtained from differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 cells and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of B16BL6 melanoma and colon 26-L5 cancer cells were investigated. The 3T3-L1 and hAMSC CM increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in both the cell lines. In addition, adipocytes CM increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2 activity in both B16BL6 and colon 26-L5 cells. These effects were found to be associated with an increased expression of various oncogenic proteins in B16BL6 and colon 26-L5 cells. Also, adipocyte CM induced Akt and mTOR activation in both tumor cell lines, and the pharmacological inhibition of Akt and mTOR blocked the CM induced Akt as well as mTOR activation and CM-stimulated melanoma and colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These data suggest that adipocyte promotes melanoma and colon cancer progression through modulating the expression of diverse proteins associated with cancer growth and metastasis as well as modulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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47
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Bradley D, Blaszczak A, Yin Z, Liu J, Joseph JJ, Wright V, Anandani K, Needleman B, Noria S, Renton D, Yearsley M, Wong STC, Hsueh WA. Clusterin Impairs Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity and Adipocyte Clusterin Associates With Cardiometabolic Risk. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:466-475. [PMID: 30659075 PMCID: PMC6385696 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Components of the adipose tissue (AT) extracellular matrix (ECM) are recently discovered contributors to obesity-related cardiometabolic disease. We identified increased adipocyte expression of ECM-related clusterin (apolipoprotein J) in obese versus lean women by microarray. Our objective was to determine 1) whether subcutaneous AT adipocyte (SAd) clusterin and serum clusterin are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and known markers of cardiometabolic risk and 2) how clusterin may contribute to increased risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We validated increased clusterin expression in adipocytes from a separate group of 18 lean and 54 obese individuals. The relationship of clusterin gene expression and plasma clusterin with IR, cardiovascular biomarkers, and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was then determined. Further investigations in human cultured cells and in aged LDLR-/- mice prone to development of obesity-associated complications were performed. RESULTS SAd clusterin correlated with IR, multiple CVD biomarkers, and CVD risk, independent of traditional risk factors. Circulating human clusterin exhibited similar associations. In human adipocytes, palmitate enhanced clusterin secretion, and in human hepatocytes, clusterin attenuated insulin signaling and APOA1 expression and stimulated hepatic gluconeogenesis. LRP2 (megalin), a clusterin receptor, highly expressed in liver, mediated these effects, which were inhibited by LRP2 siRNA. In response to Western diet feeding, an increase in adipocyte clusterin expression was associated with a progressive increase in liver fat, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in aged LDLR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Adipocyte-derived clusterin is a novel ECM-related protein linking cardiometabolic disease and obesity through its actions in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alecia Blaszczak
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Joey Liu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Joshua J Joseph
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Valerie Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kajol Anandani
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bradley Needleman
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David Renton
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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48
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Regulation of the bi-directional cross-talk between ovarian cancer cells and adipocytes by SPARC. Oncogene 2019; 38:4366-4383. [PMID: 30765860 PMCID: PMC6542715 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) exhibits a specific predilection for metastasis to the omentum. Our earlier studies highlighted the tumour-suppressor effect of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in OvCa through multi-faceted roles inhibiting cancer cell interactions within the peritoneal milieu. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of SPARC in OvCa interactions with omental adipocytes and its role in OvCa colonization in the omentum. We employed multi-pronged approach using primary omental adipocytes from Sparc knockout mice, genetically engineered human omental adipocytes in 3D co-cultures with OvCa cells, as well as treatment with recombinant SPARC protein. We show that SPARC suppresses multistep cascade in OvCa omental metastasis. SPARC inhibited in vivo and adipocyte-induced homing, proliferation, and invasion of OvCa cells. SPARC suppressed metabolic programming of both adipocytes and OvCa cells and exerted an inhibitory effect of adipocyte differentiation and their phenotypic switch to cancer-associated phenotype. Mechanistic studies revealed that this effect is mediated through inhibition of cEBPβ-NFkB-AP-1 transcription machinery. These findings define a novel and functionally important role of SPARC in OvCa and not only bridge the knowledge gap but highlight the need to consider SPARC protein expression in therapeutic development.
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49
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Osuala KO, Ji K, Mattingly RR, Sloane BF. Breast Cancer: Proteolysis and Migration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:401-411. [PMID: 31456196 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding breast cancer cell proteolysis and migration is crucial for developing novel therapies to prevent local and distant metastases. Human cancer cells utilize many biological functions comparable to those observed during embryogenesis conferring the cancer cells with survival advantages. One such advantage is the ability to secrete proteases into the tumor microenvironment in order to remodel the extracellular matrix to facilitate migration. These proteases degrade the extracellular matrix, which initially functions as a barrier to cancer cell escape from their site of origin. The extracellular matrix also functions as a reservoir for growth factors that can be released by the secreted proteases and thereby further aid tumor growth and progression. Other survival advantages of tumor cells include: the ability to utilize multiple modes of motility, thrive in acidic microenvironments, and the tumor cell's ability to hijack stromal and immune cells to foster their own migration and survival. In order to reduce metastasis, we must focus our efforts on addressing the survival advantages that tumor cells have acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley O Osuala
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Department of Pharmacology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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50
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The Crosstalk between Cancer Stem Cells and Microenvironment Is Critical for Solid Tumor Progression: The Significant Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6392198. [PMID: 30532788 PMCID: PMC6247433 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6392198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several evidences nowadays demonstrated the critical role of the microenvironment in regulating cancer stem cells and their involvement in tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as one of the most effective vehicles of information among cells. Accordingly, a number of studies led to the recognition of stem cell-associated EVs as new complexes able to contribute to cell fate determination of either normal or tumor cells. In this review, we aim to highlight an existing bidirectional role of EV-mediated communication—from cancer stem cells to microenvironment and also from microenvironment to cancer stem cells—in the most widespread solid cancers as prostate, breast, lung, and colon tumors.
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