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Glasstetter LM, Oderinde TS, Mirchandani M, Rajagopalan KS, Barsom SH, Thaler R, Siddiqi S, Zhu XY, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, van Wijnen AJ, Eirin A, Lerman LO. Obesity and dyslipidemia are associated with partially reversible modifications to DNA hydroxymethylation of apoptosis- and senescence-related genes in swine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:143. [PMID: 37231414 PMCID: PMC10214739 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity dysregulates key biological processes underlying the functional homeostasis, fate decisions, and reparative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Mechanisms directing obesity-induced phenotypic alterations in MSCs remain unclear, but emerging drivers include dynamic modification of epigenetic marks, like 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). We hypothesized that obesity and cardiovascular risk factors induce functionally relevant, locus-specific changes in 5hmC of swine adipose-derived MSCs and evaluated their reversibility using an epigenetic modulator, vitamin-C. METHODS Female domestic pigs were fed a 16-week Lean or Obese diet (n = 6 each). MSCs were harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissue, and 5hmC profiles were examined through hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (hMeDIP-seq) followed by an integrative (hMeDIP and mRNA sequencing) gene set enrichment analysis. For clinical context, we compared 5hmC profiles of adipose tissue-derived human MSCs harvested from patients with obesity and healthy controls. RESULTS hMeDIP-seq revealed 467 hyper- (fold change ≥ 1.4; p-value ≤ 0.05) and 591 hypo- (fold change ≤ 0.7; p-value ≤ 0.05) hydroxymethylated loci in swine Obese- versus Lean-MSCs. Integrative hMeDIP-seq/mRNA-seq analysis identified overlapping dysregulated gene sets and discrete differentially hydroxymethylated loci with functions related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, and senescence. These 5hmC changes were associated with increased senescence in cultured MSCs (p16/CDKN2A immunoreactivity, senescence-associated β-galactosidase [SA-β-Gal] staining), were partly reversed in swine Obese-MSCs treated with vitamin-C, and shared common pathways with 5hmC changes in human Obese-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and dyslipidemia are associated with dysregulated DNA hydroxymethylation of apoptosis- and senescence-related genes in swine and human MSCs, potentially affecting cell vitality and regenerative functions. Vitamin-C may mediate reprogramming of this altered epigenomic landscape, providing a potential strategy to improve the success of autologous MSC transplantation in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Glasstetter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tomiwa S Oderinde
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mohit Mirchandani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Samer H Barsom
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sarosh Siddiqi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Wang S, Ying L, Yu SY, Bai J, Hao C. Can precancerous stem cells be risk markers for malignant transformation in the oral mucosa? Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:30. [PMID: 37029348 PMCID: PMC10080963 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the carcinogenic potential of oral mucosal diseases can significantly reduce the prevalence of oral cancer. We speculate that precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) arise during the evolution of carcinomas based on long-term experimental findings, published literature, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, wherein pCSCs exist in precancerous lesions and have characteristics of both CSCs and normal stem cells. This apparently contradictory feature may be the foundation of the reversible transformation of precancerous lesions. Predicting malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral illnesses would allow for focused treatment, prognosis, and secondary prevention. Currently available clinical assays for chromosomal instability and DNA aneuploidy have several deficiencies. We hope that our study will increase attention to pCSC research and lead to the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer by identifying pCSC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Ying
- College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yi Yu
- Pharmacy Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570100, People's Republic of China.
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Li YR, Fu M, Song YQ, Li SL, Ge XY. Long noncoding RNA MRPL23-AS1 suppresses anoikis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma in vitro. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1588-1601. [PMID: 35175670 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Distant lung metastasis is the main factor that affects the survival rate of patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Anoikis resistance is a feature of tumor cells that easily metastasize. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MRPL23 antisense RNA 1 (MPRL23-AS1) is related to lung metastasis in SACC, but its role in anoikis resistance is unknown.After altering MPRL23-AS1 expression in SACC cells, anoikis resistance was detected by calcein AM/PI staining and annexin V/PI flow cytometry. The apoptosis marker activated caspase-3 and the bcl-2/bax ratio were detected by Western blotting. The relationship between MPRL23-AS1 and the promoter of the potential downstream target gene p19INK4D was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay. p19INK4D expression in patient tissues was determined using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.The functional experiments showed that MPRL23-AS1 could promote anoikis resistance in vitro. MRPL23-AS1 recruited the EZH2 to the promoter region of p19INK4D, inhibited p19INK4D expression, and promoted tumor cell anoikis resistance. p19INK4D overexpression did not affect anoikis in attached cells; however, it attenuated the anoikis resistance effect of MPRL23-AS1 in suspension cells. p19INK4D expression was significantly lower in SACC tissues than in normal tissues.The novel MRPL23-AS1/p19INK4D axis may be a potential SACC biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ran Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Min Fu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Qing Song
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material
| | - Sheng-Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yuan Ge
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
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Tong J, Sun T, Ma S, Zhao Y, Ju M, Gao Y, Zhu P, Tan P, Fu R, Zhang A, Wang D, Wang D, Xiao Z, Zhou J, Yang R, Loughran SJ, Li J, Green AR, Bresnick EH, Wang D, Cheng T, Zhang L, Shi L. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity Is Linked to the Initiation and Therapeutic Response of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:502-513.e6. [PMID: 33621485 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The implications of stem cell heterogeneity for disease pathogenesis and therapy are poorly defined. JAK2V617F+ myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), harboring the same mutation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), display diverse phenotypes, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These chronic malignant disorders are ideal models to analyze the pathological consequences of stem cell heterogeneity. Single-cell gene expression profiling with parallel mutation detection demonstrated that the megakaryocyte (Mk)-primed HSC subpopulation expanded significantly with enhanced potential in untreated individuals with JAK2V617F+ ET, driven primarily by the JAK2 mutation and elevated interferon signaling. During treatment, mutant HSCs were targeted preferentially in the Mk-primed HSC subpopulation. Interestingly, homozygous mutant HSCs were forced to re-enter quiescence, whereas their heterozygous counterparts underwent apoptosis. This study provides important evidence for the association of stem cell heterogeneity with the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of a malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mankai Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Puwen Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Stephen J Loughran
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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Han X, Kuang Y, Chen H, Liu T, Zhang J, Liu J. p19INK4d: More than Just a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:96-102. [PMID: 31400265 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190809161901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) are important cell cycle regulators. The CDKI family is composed of the INK4 family and the CIP/KIP family. p19INK4d belongs to the INK4 gene family and is involved in a series of normal physiological activities and the pathogenesis of diseases. Many factors play regulatory roles in the p19INK4d gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. p19INK4d not only regulates the cell cycle but also plays regulatory roles in apoptosis, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and cellular senescence. In this review, the regulatory network of the p19INK4d gene expression and its biological functions are summarized, which provides a basis for further study of p19INK4d as a drug target for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijin Kuang
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang WJ, Wang H, Wang MS, Huang YQ, Ma YY, Qi J, Shi JP, Li W. Assessing the prognostic value of stemness-related genes in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18325. [PMID: 33110086 PMCID: PMC7591576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is currently one of the deadliest tumors worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small group of tumor cells with self-renewal and differentiation abilities and high treatment resistance. One of the reasons for treatment failures is the inability to completely eliminate tumor stem cells. By using the edgeR package, we identified stemness-related differentially expressed genes in GSE69280. Via Lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis, survival genes were screened out to construct a prognostic model. Via nomograms and ROC curves, we verified the accuracy of the prognostic model. We selected 4 genes (PSMB9, CXCL13, NPR3, and CDKN2C) to establish a prognostic model from TCGA data and a validation model from GSE24450 data. We found that the low-risk score group had better OS than the high-risk score group, whether using TCGA or GSE24450 data. A prognostic model including four stemness-related genes was constructed in our study to determine targets of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and improve the treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining Tumor Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Sen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Qing Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yuan Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Shi
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been shown to undergo multiple acquired mutations in hematopoietic cell lineages over years before becoming clinically apparent. The early stage of AML (before it becomes clinically recognizable) may be characterized by acquisition of some, but not all, leukemia-related somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The physiological roles of these mutations remain puzzling. These HSCs have been termed as preleukemic HSCs. However, those frequent acquired somatic mutations are also found in healthy aging adults, namely, “age-related clonal hematopoiesis.” Multiple studies have demonstrated that the preleukemic HSCs survive through chemotherapy and then contribute to the relapse and the development of de novo AML. Whether preleukemic HSCs should be targeted or whether a preventive therapy should be considered for those individuals remains to be determined. This article aims to shed light on this special subject and to discuss the roles of preleukemic HSCs in leukemogenesis.
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Chen F, Liu X, Chen Y, Liu JY, Lu H, Wang W, Lu X, Dean KC, Gao L, Kaplan HJ, Dean DC, Peng X, Liu Y. Sphere-induced reprogramming of RPE cells into dual-potential RPE stem-like cells. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102618. [PMID: 31982829 PMCID: PMC6994567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has the potential to regenerate the entire neuroretina upon retinal injury in amphibians. In contrast, this regenerative capacity has been lost in mammals. The reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by viral transduction of exogenous stem cell factors has triggered a revolution in regenerative medicine. However, the risks of potential mutation(s) caused by random viral vector insertion in host genomes and tumor formation in recipients hamper its clinical application. One alternative is to immortalize adult stem cells with limited potential or to partially reprogram differentiated somatic cells into progenitor-like cells through non-integration protocols. Methods Sphere-induced RPE stem cells (iRPESCs) were generated from adult mouse RPE cells. Their stem cell functionality was studied in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. The molecular mechanism underlying the sphere-induced reprogramming was investigated using microarray and loss-of-function approaches. Findings We provide evidence that our sphere-induced reprogramming protocol can immortalize and transform mouse RPE cells into iRPESCs with dual potential to differentiate into cells that express either RPE or photoreceptor markers both in vitro and in vivo. When subretinally transplanted into mice with retinal degeneration, iRPESCs can integrate to the RPE and neuroretina, thereby delaying retinal degeneration in the model animals. Our molecular analyses indicate that the Hippo signaling pathway is important in iRPESC reprogramming. Interpretation The Hippo factor Yap1 is activated in the nuclei of cells at the borders of spheres. The factors Zeb1 and P300 downstream of the Hippo pathway are shown to bind to the promoters of the stemness genes Oct4, Klf4 and Sox2, thereby likely transactivate them to reprogram RPE cells into iRPESCs. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Institute of Health USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - John Y Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Huayi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Kevin C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; Birth Defects Center; University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 301 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA; Birth Defects Center; University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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9
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Czerwonka A, Lemieszek MK, Karpińska M, Matysiak J, Niewiadomy A, Rzeski W. Evaluation of the effect of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4 H-benzofuro[3,2- d][1,3]thiazin-4-one on colon cells and its anticancer potential. Med Chem Res 2018; 27:2150-2159. [PMID: 30220832 PMCID: PMC6133158 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the biological effect of the newly synthesized 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-benzofuro[3,2-d][1,3]thiazin-4-one (DPBT) on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and LS180). Additionally, DPBT cytotoxicity was examined in human colon epithelial cells (CCD 841 CoTr) and human skin fibroblasts (HSF). The studies revealed a significant decrease in the proliferation of cancer cells after exposure to DPBT at concentrations in the range of 10–100 µM. Additionally, DPBT was not toxic to normal CCD 841 CoTr and HSF cells at concentrations that induced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. The nature of the anti-proliferative action of DPBT in the cell cycle progression in colon cancer cells and the expression of proteins involved in this process were examined by flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. The investigations demonstrated higher sensitivity of LS180 than HT-29 to the DPBT treatment. The anti-proliferative action of DPBT in LS180 was attributed to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase via up-regulation of p27KIP1 and down-regulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- 1Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-400 Poland
| | - Marta K Lemieszek
- 2Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin, 20-090 Poland
| | - Monika Karpińska
- 3Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, Warsaw, 03-236 Poland
| | - Joanna Matysiak
- 4Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, Lublin, 20-950 Poland
| | - Andrzej Niewiadomy
- 3Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, Warsaw, 03-236 Poland.,4Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, Lublin, 20-950 Poland
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- 1Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-400 Poland.,2Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin, 20-090 Poland
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10
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Fu HC, Chuang IC, Yang YC, Chuang PC, Lin H, Ou YC, Chang Chien CC, Huang HS, Kang HY. Low P16 INK4A Expression Associated with High Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Predicts Poor Prognosis in Cervical Cancer after Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092541. [PMID: 30150594 PMCID: PMC6164400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) resisted radiotherapy and chemotherapy. P16INK4A is a biomarker for cervical carcinogenesis and reduces proliferation of stem cells. We aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16INK4A), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1) in cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy and cervical cell line models. The expressions of P16INK4A, SOX2, and ALDH1A1 were performed by immunohistochemical staining of tumor samples from 139 cervical cancer patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages Ib to IV. The staining showed high expression in 100, 107, and 13 patients with P16INK4A (>80%), SOX2 (≥10%), and ALDH1A1 (50%), respectively. The high-P16INK4A group had a higher five-year overall survival (OS) rate and disease-free survival (DFS) than the low-P16INK4A group (OS: 62.0% and 35.2%, p = 0.016; DFS: 60.0% and 31.2%, p = 0.002). The low-P16INK4A/high-SOX2 and low-P16INK4A/high-ALDH1A1 groups had a worse five-year OS and DFS rate than the high-P16INK4A/low-SOX2 and high-P16INK4A/low-ALDH1A1 groups, respectively. Depletion of P16INK4A promoted chemoresistance and radioresistance of cervical cancer cells increased the expression of SOX2 and ALDH1A1 and exhibited higher self-renewal ability. These results suggest that lower P16INK4A expression associated with higher CSC markers predicts poor prognostic outcomes and is a promising target in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Fu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chin Chuang
- Stem Cell Research Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Che Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Chao Chang Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Shan Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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11
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Wu CX, Wang XQ, Chok SH, Man K, Tsang SHY, Chan ACY, Ma KW, Xia W, Cheung TT. Blocking CDK1/PDK1/β-Catenin signaling by CDK1 inhibitor RO3306 increased the efficacy of sorafenib treatment by targeting cancer stem cells in a preclinical model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3737-3750. [PMID: 30083256 PMCID: PMC6071527 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignant solid tumor wherein CDK1/PDK1/β-Catenin is activated, suggesting that inhibition of this pathway may have therapeutic potential. Methods: CDK1 overexpression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models were treated with RO3306 (4 mg/kg) or sorafenib (30 mg/kg), alone or in combination. The relevant signaling of CDK1/PDK1/β-Catenin was measured by western blot. Silencing of CDK1 with shRNA and corresponding inhibitors was performed for mechanism and functional studies. Results: We found that CDK1 was frequently augmented in up to 46% (18/39) of HCC tissues, which was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p=0.008). CDK1 inhibitor RO3306 in combination with sorafenib treatment significantly decreased tumor growth in PDX tumor models. Furthermore, the combinatorial treatment could overcome sorafenib resistance in the HCC case #10 PDX model. Western blot results demonstrated the combined administration resulted in synergistic down-regulation of CDK1, PDK1 and β-Catenin as well as concurrent decreases of pluripotency proteins Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Decreased CDK1/PDK1/β-Catenin was associated with suppression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, a low dose of RO3306 and sorafenib combination could inhibit 97H CSC growth via decreasing the S phase and promoting cells to enter into a Sub-G1 phase. Mechanistic and functional studies silencing CDK1 with shRNA and RO3306 combined with sorafenib abolished oncogenic function via downregulating CDK1, with downstream PDK1 and β-Catenin inactivation. Conclusion: Anti-CDK1 treatment can boost sorafenib antitumor responses in PDX tumor models, providing a rational combined treatment to increase sorafenib efficacy in the clinic.
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12
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Peng D, Wang H, Li L, Ma X, Chen Y, Zhou H, Luo Y, Xiao Y, Liu L. miR-34c-5p promotes eradication of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells by inducing senescence through selective RAB27B targeting to inhibit exosome shedding. Leukemia 2018; 32:1180-1188. [PMID: 29479064 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy resistance and relapse. Here, we discovered that miR-34c-5p, a microRNA central to the senescence regulation network, was significantly down-regulated in AML (non-acute promyelocytic leukemia, non-APL) stem cells compared to that in normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The lower expression of miR-34c-5p in LSCs was closely correlated to the adverse prognosis and poor responses to therapy of AML patients. Increased miR-34c-5p expression induced LSCs senescence ex vivo, prevented leukemia development and promoted the eradication of LSCs in immune deficient mice. Mechanistically, forced expression of miR-34-5p induced senescence in LSCs through p53-p21Cip1-Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/Cyclin or p53-independent CDK/Cyclin pathways. Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-34c-5p was one of the reasons for miR-34c-5p deficiency in LSCs. Furthermore, miR-34c-5p could increase its intracellular level by inhibiting exosome-mediated transfer via a positive feedback loop through RAB27B, a molecule that promotes exosome shedding. Overall, this study establishes a new strategy for treatment of AML patients by targeting LSCs to reinitiate senescence via increased miR-34c-5p expression. This miRNA-mediated tumor stem cell senescence could also have important therapeutic value in other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyue Peng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Yin Xiao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lingbo Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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13
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Jung Y, Decker AM, Wang J, Lee E, Kana LA, Yumoto K, Cackowski FC, Rhee J, Carmeliet P, Buttitta L, Morgan TM, Taichman RS. Endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling regulate prostate cancer stem cells in bone marrow. Oncotarget 2017; 7:25698-711. [PMID: 27028863 PMCID: PMC5041937 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GAS6 and its receptors (Tryo 3, Axl, Mer or “TAM”) are known to play a role in regulating tumor progression in a number of settings. Previously we have demonstrated that GAS6 signaling regulates invasion, proliferation, chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We have also demonstrated that GAS6 secreted from osteoblasts in the bone marrow environment plays a critical role in establishing prostate tumor cell dormancy. Here we investigated the role that endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling plays in establishing prostate cancer stem cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. We first observed that high levels of endogenous GAS6 are expressed by disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow, whereas relatively low levels of endogenous GAS6 are expressed in PCa tumors grown in a s.c. setting. Interestingly, elevated levels of endogenous GAS6 were identified in putative cancer stem cells (CSCs, CD133+/CD44+) compared to non-CSCs (CD133–/CD44–) isolated from PCa/osteoblast cocultures in vitro and in DTCs isolated from the bone marrow 24 hours after intracardiac injection. Moreover, we found that endogenous GAS6 expression is associated with Mer receptor expression in growth arrested (G1) PCa cells, which correlates with the increase of the CSC populations. Importantly, we found that overexpression of GAS6 activates phosphorylation of Mer receptor signaling and subsequent induction of the CSC phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Together these data suggest that endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling contribute to the establishment of PCa CSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may have important implications for targeting metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eunsohl Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lulia A Kana
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James Rhee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, K.U. Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Buttitta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Lee E, Wang J, Yumoto K, Jung Y, Cackowski FC, Decker AM, Li Y, Franceschi RT, Pienta KJ, Taichman RS. DNMT1 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells, Which Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Neoplasia 2017; 18:553-66. [PMID: 27659015 PMCID: PMC5031902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process associated with the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating EMT and the CSC phenotype, little is known of how these processes are regulated by epigenetics. Here we demonstrate that reduced expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) plays an important role in the induction of EMT and the CSC phenotype by prostate cancer (PCa) cells, with enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis. First, we observed that reduction of DNMT1 by 5-azacitidine (5-Aza) promotes EMT induction as well as CSCs and sphere formation in vitro. Reduced expression of DNMT1 significantly increased PCa migratory potential. We showed that the increase of EMT and CSC activities by reduction of DNMT1 is associated with the increase of protein kinase C. Furthermore, we confirmed that silencing DNMT1 is correlated with enhancement of the induction of EMT and the CSC phenotype in PCa cells. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay reveals that reduction of DNMT1 promotes the suppression of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 on the Zeb2 and KLF4 promoter region in PCa cells. Critically, we found in an animal model that significant tumor growth and more disseminated tumor cells in most osseous tissues were observed following injection of 5-Aza pretreated-PCa cells compared with vehicle-pretreated PCa cells. Our results suggest that epigenetic alteration of histone demethylation regulated by reduction of DNMT1 may control induction of EMT and the CSC phenotype, which facilitates tumorigenesis in PCa cells and has important therapeutic implications in targeting epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsohl Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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15
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Mishra CB, Mongre RK, Kumari S, Jeong DK, Tiwari M. Novel Triazole-Piperazine Hybrid Molecules Induce Apoptosis via Activation of the Mitochondrial Pathway and Exhibit Antitumor Efficacy in Osteosarcoma Xenograft Nude Mice Model. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:753-768. [PMID: 28084722 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria impart a crucial role in the regulation of programmed cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, besides serving as a primary energy source. Mitochondria appeared as an important target for the therapy of cancer due to their significant contribution to cell survival and death. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of triazole-piperazine hybrids as potent anticancer agents. MCS-5 emerged as an excellent anticancer agent which showed better anticancer activity than the standard drug doxorubicin in in vitro and in vivo studies. MCS-5 displayed an IC50 value of 1.92 μM and induced apoptosis in Cal72 (human osteosarcoma cell line) cells by targeting the mitochondrial pathway. This compound arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced ROS production and mitochondrial potential collapse in Cal72 cells. MCS-5 displayed excellent anticancer activity in the Cal72 xenograft nude mice model, where it significantly reduced tumor progression, leading to enhanced life span in treated animals compared to control and doxorubicin treated animals without exerting noticeable toxicity. In addition, a 2DG optical probe guided study clearly evoked that MCS-5 remarkably reduced tumor metastasis in the Cal72 xenograft nude mice model. These results indicate that MCS-5 appeared as a novel chemical entity which is endowed with excellent in vitro as well as in vivo anticancer activity and may contribute significantly to the management of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Raj Kumar Mongre
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-organic
Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Laboratory
of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of
Animal Biotechnology and Advance Next Generation Convergence, Faculty
of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Trohatou O, Zagoura D, Orfanos NK, Pappa KI, Marinos E, Anagnou NP, Roubelakis MG. miR-26a Mediates Adipogenesis of Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells via PTEN, Cyclin E1, and CDK6. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:482-494. [PMID: 28068868 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical for the regulatory network of adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Fetal MSCs derived from amniotic fluid (AF-MSCs) represent a population of multipotent stem cells characterized by a wide range of differentiation properties that can be applied in cell-based therapies. In this study, miRNA microarray analysis was performed to assess miRNA expression in terminal differentiated AF-MSCs into adipocyte-like cells (AL cells). MiR-26a was identified in high expression levels in AL cells indicating a critical role in the process of adipogenesis. Overexpression of miR-26a in AF-MSCs led to significant induction of their adipogenic differentiation properties that were altered after miR-26a inhibition. We have demonstrated that miR-26a regulates adipogenesis through direct inhibition of PTEN, which in turn promotes activation of Akt pathway. Also, miR-26a modulates cell cycle during adipogenesis by interacting with Cyclin E1 and CDK6. These results point to the regulatory role of miR-26a and its target genes PTEN, Cyclin E1, and CDK6 in adipogenic differentiation of AF-MSCs, providing a basis for understanding the mechanisms of fat cell development and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Trohatou
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Zagoura
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos K Orfanos
- 2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi I Pappa
- 3 First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Marinos
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas P Anagnou
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Roubelakis
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .,2 Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens, Greece
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17
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Unexpected role for p19INK4d in posttranscriptional regulation of GATA1 and modulation of human terminal erythropoiesis. Blood 2016; 129:226-237. [PMID: 27879259 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-739268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal erythroid differentiation is tightly coordinated with cell-cycle exit, which is regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI), yet their roles in erythropoiesis remain to be fully defined. We show here that p19INK4d, a member of CDKI family, is abundantly expressed in erythroblasts and that p19INK4d knockdown delayed erythroid differentiation, inhibited cell growth, and led to increased apoptosis and generation of abnormally nucleated late-stage erythroblasts. Unexpectedly, p19INK4d knockdown did not affect cell cycle. Rather, it led to decreased expression of GATA1 protein. Importantly, the differentiation and nuclear defects were rescued by ectopic expression of GATA1. Because the GATA1 protein is protected by nuclear heat shock protein family (HSP) member HSP70, we examined the effects of p19INK4d knockdown on HSP70 and found that p19INK4d knockdown led to decreased expression of HSP70 and its nuclear localization. The reduced levels of HSP70 are the result of reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Further biochemical analysis revealed that p19INK4d directly binds to Raf kinase inhibitor PEBP1 and that p19INK4d knockdown increased the expression of PEBP1, which in turn led to reduced ERK activation. Thus we have identified an unexpected role for p19INK4d via a novel PEBP1-p-ERK-HSP70-GATA1 pathway. These findings are likely to have implications for improved understanding of disordered erythropoiesis.
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18
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Bayati S, Bashash D, Ahmadian S, Safaroghli-Azar A, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Inhibition of tachykinin NK 1 receptor using aprepitant induces apoptotic cell death and G1 arrest through Akt/p53 axis in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:274-283. [PMID: 27609608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing number of genetic and cancer biology studies indicated a prominent role for tachykinin NK1 receptor (NK1R) in cancer cell growth and survival. Considering the fact that neoplastic lymphoid precursors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carry a three- to four-fold NK1R expression as compared to normal lymphocytes, using NK1R antagonist seems to be noteworthy in the treatment of ALL patients. In this study, we found that inhibition of NK1R with aprepitant, a selective high-affinity antagonist of the human NK1R, exerts cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against pre-B ALL-derived Nalm-6 cells either as single drug or in combination with doxorubicin. Our data showed that treatment of the cells with the inhibitor resulted in apoptotic cell death, at least partly, through abrogation of PI3K/Akt pathway, as revealed by the reduction of phospho/total Akt ratio. In agreement with the inhibitory effect on Akt, we also found that aprepitant increased the expression level of p21 and p27, which in turn leads to the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest. Overall, this study recommends mechanistic pathways by which inhibition of NK1R can augment apoptotic cell death through a plausible p53-dependent pathway rather than NF-κB-depended mechanism in pre-B ALL cells; however, further studies are needed to better characterize the application of NK1R inhibition in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bayati
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran; Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Wang Y, Gao A, Zhao H, Lu P, Cheng H, Dong F, Gong Y, Ma S, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhu X, Yuan W, Zhang X, Hao S, Cheng T. Leukemia cell infiltration causes defective erythropoiesis partially through MIP-1α/CCL3. Leukemia 2016; 30:1897-908. [PMID: 27109512 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia often results in severe anemia, which may significantly contribute to patient mortality and morbidity. However, the mechanisms underlying defective erythropoiesis in leukemia have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that insufficient erythropoiesis in an immunocompetent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) murine model was due to reduced proliferation of megakaryocyte erythroid progenitors and increased apoptosis of erythroblasts. Colony-forming cell assays indicated that the leukemic bone marrow (BM) plasma inhibited erythroid colony formation, whereas they had no inhibitory effect on other types of colonies. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that the chemokine CCL3 was elevated in the plasma of AML mice and patients. CCL3 inhibited erythroid differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, common myeloid progenitors and especially megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors. Administration of the CCR1 antagonist partially recovered the yield of erythroid colonies in the presence of CCL3 or leukemic BM plasma. Mechanistically, we observed an increase of p38 phosphorylation and subsequent downregulation of GATA1 after CCL3 treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of CCL3 attenuated leukemic progression and alleviated anemia. Therefore, our results demonstrate that elevated CCL3 in the leukemic environment suppresses erythropoiesis via CCR1-p38 activation, suggesting a novel mechanism for the erythroid defects observed in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - A Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - P Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - H Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - F Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - S Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - J Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - W Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - S Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - T Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy and Technology, Tianjin, China
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20
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Hao S, Chen C, Cheng T. Cell cycle regulation of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:487-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Guo Z, Kong Q, Liu C, Zhang S, Zou L, Yan F, Whitmire JK, Xiong Y, Chen X, Wan YY. DCAF1 controls T-cell function via p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10307. [PMID: 26728942 PMCID: PMC4728445 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
On activation, naive T cells grow in size and enter cell cycle to mount immune response. How the fundamental processes of T-cell growth and cell cycle entry are regulated is poorly understood. Here we report that DCAF1 (Ddb1-cullin4-associated-factor 1) is essential for these processes. The deletion of DCAF1 in T cells impairs their peripheral homeostasis. DCAF1 is upregulated on T-cell receptor activation and critical for activation-induced T-cell growth, cell cycle entry and proliferation. In addition, DCAF1 is required for T-cell expansion and function during anti-viral and autoimmune responses in vivo. DCAF1 deletion leads to a drastic stabilization of p53 protein, which can be attributed to a requirement of DCAF1 for MDM2-mediated p53 poly-ubiquitination. Importantly, p53 deletion rescues the cell cycle entry defect but not the growth defect of DCAF1-deficient cells. Therefore, DCAF1 is vital for T-cell function through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Qing Kong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Cui Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Liyun Zou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jason K Whitmire
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599 USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Xian Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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22
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Wolfe AR, Debeb BG, Lacerda L, Larson R, Bambhroliya A, Huang X, Bertucci F, Finetti P, Birnbaum D, Van Laere S, Diagaradjan P, Ruffell B, Trenton NJ, Chu K, Hittelman W, Diehl M, Levental I, Ueno NT, Woodward WA. Simvastatin prevents triple-negative breast cancer metastasis in pre-clinical models through regulation of FOXO3a. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:495-508. [PMID: 26590814 PMCID: PMC5901982 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported using statins was correlated with improved metastasis-free survival in aggressive breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of statins on metastatic colonization by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. TNBC cell lines were treated with simvastatin and then studied for cell cycle progression and proliferation in vitro, and metastasis formation in vivo, following injection of statin-treated cells. Reverse-phase protein assay (RPPA) analysis was performed on statin-treated and control breast cancer cells. RNA interference targeting FOXO3a was used to measure the impact of simvastatin on FOXO3a-expressing cells. The prognostic value of FOXO3a mRNA expression was examined in eight public breast cancer gene expression datasets including 1479 patients. Simvastatin increased G1/S-phase arrest of the cell cycle and inhibited both proliferation and migration of TNBC cells in vitro. In vitro pre-treatment and in vivo treatment with simvastatin reduced metastases. Phosphorylated FOXO3a was downregulated after simvastatin treatment in (RPPA) analysis. Ectopic expression of FOXO3a enhanced mammosphere formation and migratory capacity in vitro. Knockdown of FOXO3a attenuated the effect of simvastatin on mammosphere formation and migration. Analysis of public gene expression data demonstrates FOXO3a mRNA downregulation was independently associated with shorter metastasis-free survival in all breast cancers, as well as in TNBC breast cancers. Simvastatin inhibits in vitro endpoints associated with metastasis through a FOXO3a mechanism and reduced metastasis formation in vivo. FOXO3a expression is prognostic for metastasis formation in patient data. Further investigation of simvastatin as a cancer therapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wolfe
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1202, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bisrat G Debeb
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1202, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lara Lacerda
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1202, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard Larson
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1202, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arvind Bambhroliya
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1202, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuelin Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francois Bertucci
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Parmeswaran Diagaradjan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1202, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholaus J Trenton
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khoi Chu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Walter Hittelman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Diehl
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 1202, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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23
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Franke K, Vilne B, Prazeres da Costa O, Rudelius M, Peschel C, Oostendorp RAJ, Keller U. In vivo hematopoietic Myc activation directs a transcriptional signature in endothelial cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. Oncotarget 2015; 6:21827-39. [PMID: 26308666 PMCID: PMC4673129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pathogenesis involves tumor-intrinsic genomic aberrations and tumor-cell extrinsic mechanisms such as failure of immunosurveillance and structural and functional changes in the microenvironment. Using Myc as a model oncogene we established a conditional mouse bone marrow transduction/transplantation model where the conditional activation of the oncoprotein Myc expressed in the hematopoietic system could be assessed for influencing the host microenvironment. Constitutive ectopic expression of Myc resulted in rapid onset of a lethal myeloproliferative disorder with a median survival of 21 days. In contrast, brief 4-day Myc activation by means of the estrogen receptor (ER) agonist tamoxifen did not result in gross changes in the percentage/frequency of hematopoietic lineages or hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) subsets, nor did Myc activation significantly change the composition of the non-hematopoietic microenvironment defined by phenotyping for CD31, ALCAM, and Sca-1 expression. Transcriptome analysis of endothelial CD45- Ter119- cells from tamoxifen-treated MycER bone marrow graft recipients revealed a gene expression signature characterized by specific changes in the Rho subfamily pathway members, in the transcription-translation-machinery and in angiogenesis. In conclusion, intra-hematopoietic Myc activation results in significant transcriptome alterations that can be attributed to oncogene-induced signals from hematopoietic cells towards the microenvironment, e. g. endothelial cells, supporting the idea that even pre-leukemic HSPC highjack components of the niche which then could protect and support the cancer-initiating population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Franke
- III. Medical Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Baiba Vilne
- German Heart Center Munich, Experiential Cardiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (MIH), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Universität Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- III. Medical Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Keller
- III. Medical Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Yousef H, Conboy MJ, Mamiya H, Zeiderman M, Schlesinger C, Schaffer DV, Conboy IM. Mechanisms of action of hESC-secreted proteins that enhance human and mouse myogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:602-20. [PMID: 25109702 PMCID: PMC4169857 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells grow poorly in vitro compared to embryonic stem cells, and in vivo stem cell maintenance and proliferation by tissue niches progressively deteriorates with age. We previously reported that factors produced by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) support a robust regenerative capacity for adult and old mouse muscle stem/progenitor cells. Here we extend these findings to human muscle progenitors and investigate underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that hESC-conditioned medium enhanced the proliferation of mouse and human muscle progenitors. Furthermore, hESC-produced factors activated MAPK and Notch signaling in human myogenic progenitors, and Delta/Notch-1 activation was dependent on MAPK/pERK. The Wnt, TGF-β and BMP/pSmad1,5,8 pathways were unresponsive to hESC-produced factors, but BMP signaling was dependent on intact MAPK/pERK. c-Myc, p57, and p18 were key effectors of the enhanced myogenesis promoted by the hECS factors. To define some of the active ingredients of the hESC-secretome which may have therapeutic potential, a comparative proteomic antibody array analysis was performed and identified several putative proteins, including FGF2, 6 and 19 which as ligands for MAPK signaling, were investigated in more detail. These studies emphasize that a “youthful” signaling of multiple signaling pathways is responsible for the pro-regenerative activity of the hESC factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadie Yousef
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. co-first authors
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. co-first authors
| | - Hikaru Mamiya
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew Zeiderman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christina Schlesinger
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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25
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Gao Y, Yang P, Shen H, Yu H, Song X, Zhang L, Zhang P, Cheng H, Xie Z, Hao S, Dong F, Ma S, Ji Q, Bartlow P, Ding Y, Wang L, Liu H, Li Y, Cheng H, Miao W, Yuan W, Yuan Y, Cheng T, Xie XQ. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting INK4 protein p18(INK4C) enhance ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6328. [PMID: 25692908 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that control the G1 phase in cell cycle, only p18 and p27 can negatively regulate haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that p18 protein is a more potent inhibitor of HSC self-renewal than p27 in mouse models and its deficiency promoted HSC expansion in long-term culture. Single-cell analysis indicated that deleting p18 gene favoured self-renewing division of HSC in vitro. Based on the structure of p18 protein and in-silico screening, we further identified novel smallmolecule inhibitors that can specifically block the activity of p18 protein. Our selected lead compounds were able to expand functional HSCs in a short-term culture. Thus, these putative small-molecule inhibitors for p18 protein are valuable for further dissecting the signalling pathways of stem cell self-renewal and may help develop more effective chemical agents for therapeutic expansion of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Peng Yang
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Xianmin Song
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Zhaojun Xie
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Sha Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Qing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Patrick Bartlow
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Yahui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Haibin Liu
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Yanxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Weimin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Youzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, NIH National Center of Excellence for Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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26
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Biferi MG, Nicoletti C, Falcone G, Puggioni EMR, Passaro N, Mazzola A, Pajalunga D, Zaccagnini G, Rizzuto E, Auricchio A, Zentilin L, De Luca G, Giacca M, Martelli F, Musio A, Musarò A, Crescenzi M. Proliferation of Multiple Cell Types in the Skeletal Muscle Tissue Elicited by Acute p21 Suppression. Mol Ther 2015; 23:885-895. [PMID: 25669433 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in the last decades the molecular underpinnings of the cell cycle have been unraveled, the acquired knowledge has been rarely translated into practical applications. Here, we investigate the feasibility and safety of triggering proliferation in vivo by temporary suppression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated, acute knockdown of p21 in intact skeletal muscles elicited proliferation of multiple, otherwise quiescent cell types, notably including satellite cells. Compared with controls, p21-suppressed muscles exhibited a striking two- to threefold expansion in cellularity and increased fiber numbers by 10 days post-transduction, with no detectable inflammation. These changes partially persisted for at least 60 days, indicating that the muscles had undergone lasting modifications. Furthermore, morphological hyperplasia was accompanied by 20% increases in maximum strength and resistance to fatigue. To assess the safety of transiently suppressing p21, cells subjected to p21 knockdown in vitro were analyzed for γ-H2AX accumulation, DNA fragmentation, cytogenetic abnormalities, ploidy, and mutations. Moreover, the differentiation competence of p21-suppressed myoblasts was investigated. These assays confirmed that transient suppression of p21 causes no genetic damage and does not impair differentiation. Our results establish the basis for further exploring the manipulation of the cell cycle as a strategy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Biferi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Falcone
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Eleonora M R Puggioni
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Nunzia Passaro
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Mazzola
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Pajalunga
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Zaccagnini
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Ematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Musio
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Research, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Tumour Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Crescenzi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Tomiatti V, Istvánffy R, Pietschmann E, Kratzat S, Hoellein A, Quintanilla-Fend L, von Bubnoff N, Peschel C, Oostendorp RAJ, Keller U. Cks1 is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and cycling, operating upstream of Cdk inhibitors. Oncogene 2014; 34:4347-57. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Li J, Mansmann UR. A molecular signaling map and its application. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2834-42. [PMID: 25192909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research over the past decades has revealed a number of molecular, biochemical, and cellular events that reflect progressive transformation of normal human cells into their malignant derivatives. These findings help to better understand the complexity of human tumorigenesis. In our study, molecular information is organized to chart a comprehensive map of the signaling network for human cancer. It includes transcriptional and translational regulation and diverse feedback-control loops. It is demonstrated that applying this signaling network map allows predicting the effect of targeted therapy before it can be applied into practice to reduce clinical trial risks. Hence, the proposed map with prognosticating potential effect might become part of drug discovery programs for targeted therapy. Applied in individual patient care it helps to reduce the current reliance of cancer treatment on chemotherapies with low therapeutic indices. This study also demonstrates that continuing elucidation of tumorigenesis will not only need heterotypic organ culture systems in vitro and increasingly refined animal models in vivo, but also computationally calculable virtual cell models in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich R Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Amirizadeh N, Oodi A, Nikougoftar M, Soltanpour MS. Expression and promoter methylation changes of the P15INK4b during ex vivo cord blood CD34+ cell expansion following co-culture with mesenchymal stromal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 18:260-8. [PMID: 24020488 DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the insufficient number of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (CB-HSC), expansion of these cells seems to be important for clinical application in adults. Cell cycle inhibitors are important regulators in normal hematopoietic regeneration. In this study, mRNA expression and promoter methylation status of p15(INK4b) were evaluated during CB-HSC ex vivo expansion using cytokines and in co-culture system with a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) feeder layer. METHODS ex vivo cultures of CB-HSCs were performed in three culture conditions for 14 days: cytokines with an MSCs feeder layer, cytokines without a MSCs feeder layer, and co-culture with MSCs without cytokines. After expansion, measuring the total number of cells, CD34(+) cells, and CFU assay was performed. Methylation status of the p15(INK4b) gene promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and p15 mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Maximum CB-HSC expansion was observed on day 10 of expansion. The data showed that after 10 days, p15 mRNA expression in the expanded cells in all the three culture conditions was higher than in CD34(+) fresh cells (P < 0.01). p15 gene promoter of expanded CD34(+) cells remained in an unmethylated form just like fresh CD34(+) cells in all the three culture conditions at days 5, 10, and 14 of culture. CONCLUSIONS Expression of p15(INK4b) in HSCs was not decreased during ex vivo expansion. Also, no methylation of p15 promoter was observed, otherwise it would be capable of initiating some leukemic cell progression or disruption in hematopoietic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Amirizadeh
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Total body irradiation causes long-term mouse BM injury via induction of HSC premature senescence in an Ink4a- and Arf-independent manner. Blood 2014; 123:3105-15. [PMID: 24622326 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-515619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) induces not only acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome but also long-term or residual bone marrow (BM) injury. This residual BM injury is mainly attributed to permanent damage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including impaired self-renewal, decreased long-term repopulating capacity, and myeloid skewing. These HSC defects were associated with significant increases in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of p16(Ink4a) (p16) and Arf mRNA, and senescence-associated β-galacotosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, but not with telomere shortening or increased apoptosis, suggesting that TBI induces residual BM injury via induction of HSC premature senescence. This suggestion is supported by the finding that SA-β-gal(+) HSC-enriched LSK cells showed more pronounced defects in clonogenic activity in vitro and long-term engraftment after transplantation than SA-β-gal(-) LSK cells isolated from irradiated mice. However, genetic deletion of p16 and/or Arf had no effect on TBI-induced residual BM suppression and HSC senescence, because HSCs from irradiated p16 and/or Arf knockout (KO) mice exhibited changes similar to those seen in HSCs from wild-type mice after exposure to TBI. These findings provide important new insights into the mechanism by which TBI causes long-term BM suppression (eg, via induction of premature senescence of HSCs in a p16-Arf-independent manner).
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31
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Hu L, Ru K, Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhu X, Liu H, Zetterberg A, Cheng T, Miao W. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): an increasingly demanded tool for biomarker research and personalized medicine. Biomark Res 2014; 2:3. [PMID: 24499728 PMCID: PMC3917523 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies of the genetic aberrations related to human diseases conducted over the last two decades have identified recurrent genomic abnormalities as potential driving factors underlying a variety of cancers. Over the time, a series of cutting-edge high-throughput genetic tests, such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing, have been developed and incorporated into routine clinical practice. Although it is a classical low-throughput cytogenetic test, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) does not show signs of fading; on the contrary, it plays an increasingly important role in detecting specific biomarkers in solid and hematologic neoplasms and has therefore become an indispensable part of the rapidly developing field of personalized medicine. In this article, we have summarized the recent advances in FISH application for both de novo discovery and routine detection of chromosomal rearrangements, amplifications, and deletions that are associated with the pathogenesis of various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies. In addition, we have reviewed the recent developments in FISH methodology as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Hanzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Anders Zetterberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology and Karolinska Cancer Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
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32
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Lee DY, Gutmann DH. Cancer stem cells and brain tumors: uprooting the bad seeds. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:1581-90. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.11.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Trohatou O, Zagoura D, Bitsika V, Pappa KI, Antsaklis A, Anagnou NP, Roubelakis MG. Sox2 suppression by miR-21 governs human mesenchymal stem cell properties. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:54-68. [PMID: 24307698 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been shown to act as regulatory signals for maintaining stemness and for determining the fate of adult and fetal stem cells, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSCs constitute a population of multipotent stem cells that can be expanded easily in culture and are able to differentiate into many lineages. We have isolated two subpopulations of fetal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from amniotic fluid (AF) known as spindle-shaped (SS) and round-shaped (RS) cells and characterized them on the basis of their phenotypes, pluripotency, proliferation rates, and differentiation potentials. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA profile of MSCs derived from AF, bone marrow (BM), and umbilical cord blood (UCB). We initially identified 67 different miRNAs that were expressed in all three types of MSCs but at different levels, depending on the source. A more detailed analysis revealed that miR-21 was expressed at higher levels in RS-AF-MSCs and BM-MSCs compared with SS-AF-MSCs. We further demonstrated for the first time a direct interaction between miR-21 and the pluripotency marker Sox2. The induction of miR-21 strongly inhibited Sox2 expression in SS-AF-MSCs, resulting in reduced clonogenic and proliferative potential and cell cycle arrest. Strikingly, the opposite effect was observed upon miR-21 inhibition in RS-AF-MSCs and BM-MSCs, which led to an enhanced proliferation rate. Finally, miR-21 induction accelerated osteogenesis and impaired adipogenesis and chondrogenesis in SS-AF-MSCs. Therefore, these findings suggest that miR-21 might specifically function by regulating Sox2 expression in human MSCs and might also act as a key molecule determining MSC proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Trohatou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Center of Basic Research II, and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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34
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Zhang P, Xu X, Hu X, Wang H, Fassett J, Huo Y, Chen Y, Bache RJ. DDAH1 deficiency attenuates endothelial cell cycle progression and angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79444. [PMID: 24260221 PMCID: PMC3832548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS). ADMA is eliminated largely by the action of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase1 (DDAH1). Decreased DDAH activity is found in several pathological conditions and is associated with increased risk of vascular disease. Overexpression of DDAH1 has been shown to augment endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. To better understand the mechanism by which DDAH1 influences endothelial proliferation, this study examined the effect of DDAH1 deficiency on cell cycle progression and the expression of some cell cycle master regulatory proteins. DDAH1 KO decreased in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis and depressed endothelial repair in a mouse model of carotid artery wire injury. DDAH1 deficiency decreased VEGF expression in HUVEC and increased NF1 expression in both HUVEC and DDAH1 KO mice. The expression of active Ras could overcome the decreased VEGF expression caused by the DDAH1 depletion. The addition of VEGF and knockdown NF1 could both restore proliferation in cells with DDAH1 depletion. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that DDAH1 sRNAi knockdown in HUVEC caused G1 and G2/M arrest that was associated with decreased expression of CDC2, CDC25C, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. MEF cells from DDAH1 KO mice also demonstrated G2/M arrest that was associated with decreased cyclin D1 expression and Akt activity. Our findings indicate that DDAH1 exerts effects on cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression through multiple mechanisms, including VEGF, the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway, the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway, and NF1 expression. Loss of DDAH1 effects on these pathways results in impaired endothelial cell proliferation and decreased angiogenesis. The findings provide background information that may be useful in the development of therapeutic strategies to manipulate DDAH1 expression in cardiovascular diseases or tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xin Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xinli Hu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John Fassett
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Bache
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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35
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Oodi A, Noruzinia M, Habibi Roudkenar M, Nikougoftar M, Soltanpour MS, Khorshidfar M, Amirizadeh N. Expression of P16 cell cycle inhibitor in human cord blood CD34+ expanded cells following co-culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Hematology 2013; 17:334-40. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Oodi
- Blood Transfusion Research CenterHigh Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Noruzinia
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Blood Transfusion Research CenterHigh Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar
- Blood Transfusion Research CenterHigh Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Khorshidfar
- Blood Transfusion Research CenterHigh Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Amirizadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research CenterHigh Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Li Y, Pal R, Sung LY, Feng H, Miao W, Cheng SY, Tian C, Cheng T. An opposite effect of the CDK inhibitor, p18(INK4c) on embryonic stem cells compared with tumor and adult stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45212. [PMID: 23049777 PMCID: PMC3458833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal is a feature common to both adult and embryonic stem (ES) cells, as well as tumor stem cells (TSCs). The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p18INK4c, is a known tumor suppressor that can inhibit self-renewal of tumor cells or adult stem cells. Here, we demonstrate an opposite effect of p18 on ES cells in comparison with teratoma cells. Our results unexpectedly showed that overexpression of p18 accelerated the growth of mouse ES cells and embryonic bodies (EB); on the contrary, inhibited the growth of late stage teratoma. Up-regulation of ES cell markers (i.e., Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Rex1) were detected in both ES and EB cells, while concomitant down-regulation of various differentiation markers was observed in EB cells. These results demonstrate that p18 has an opposite effect on ES cells as compared with tumor cells and adult stem cells. Mechanistically, expression of CDK4 was significantly increased with overexpression of p18 in ES cells, likely leading to a release of CDK2 from the inhibition by p21 and p27. As a result, self-renewal of ES cells was enhanced. Our current study suggests that targeting p18 in different cell types may yield different outcomes, thereby having implications for therapeutic manipulations of cell cycle machinery in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rekha Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haizhong Feng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weimin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cindy Tian
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zheng Z, Jian J, Zhang X, Zara JN, Yin W, Chiang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Pang S, Ting K, Soo C. Reprogramming of human fibroblasts into multipotent cells with a single ECM proteoglycan, fibromodulin. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5821-31. [PMID: 22622142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent and/or multipotent stem cell-based therapeutics are a vital component of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The generation or isolation of safer and readily available stem cell sources will significantly aid clinical applications. We report here a technique using a single molecule, recombinant human fibromodulin protein (FMOD), to reprogram human fibroblasts into multipotent cells. Like virally-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, FMOD reprogrammed (FReP) cells express pluripotency markers, form embryoid bodies (EBs), and differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm derivatives in vitro. Notably, FReP cells regenerate muscle and bone tissues but do not generate teratomas in vivo. Unlike iPS cells, undifferentiated FReP cells proliferate slowly and express low proto-oncogene c-MYC and unexpectedly high levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15(Ink4B) and p21(WAF1/Cip1). Remarkably, in a fashion reminiscent of quiescent stem cells, the slow replicative phenotype of undifferentiated FReP cells reverses after differentiation induction, with differentiating FReP cells proliferating faster and expressing less p15(Ink4B) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) than differentiating iPS cells. Overall, single protein, FMOD-based, cell reprograming bypasses the risks of mutation, gene instability, and malignancy associated with genetically-modified iPS cells, and provides an alternative strategy for engineering patient-specific multipotent cells for basic research and therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1759, USA
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Tian C, Zheng G, Cao Z, Li Q, Ju Z, Wang J, Yuan W, Cheng T. Hes1 mediates the different responses of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to T cell leukemic environment. Cell Cycle 2012; 12:322-31. [PMID: 23255132 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal hematopoiesis is suppressed during the development of leukemia. In the T-ALL leukemia mouse model described in our recent study (Hu X, et al. Blood 2009), the impacts of leukemic environment on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) were distinct, in that normal HSCs were preserved in part because of increased mitotic quiescence of HSCs and resulting exhaustion of HPCs proliferation. Stem cell factor (SCF) secreted by leukemic cells in Nalm6 B-ALL model was previously suggested to force normal HSCs/HPCs out of their bone marrow niches and allow leukemic cells to occupy the niches (Colmone A, et al. Science 2008). Here we found that stem cell factor (SCF) expression in PB and BM of T-ALL model was increased, but SCF mRNA and protein levels in normal hematopoietic cells were higher than those in leukemia cells, which suggested that upregulated SCF was mainly contributed by non-leukemic cells in response to the leukemia development. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms, microarray analysis was conducted on normal HSCs in this model and verified by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of Hes1 and its downstream target p21 were elevated in normal HSCs, whereas their expression showed no significant alteration in HPCs. Interestingly, although overexpression of Hes1 by retroviral infection inhibited the in vitro colony formation of normal hematopoietic cells, in vivo results demonstrated that normal Lin(-) cells and HSPCs were better preserved when normal Lin(-) cells with Hes1 overexpression were co-transplanted with T-ALL leukemia cells. Our results suggested that the differential expression of Hes1 between HSCs and HPCs resulted in the distinct responses of these cells to the leukemic condition, and that overexpression of Hes1 could enhance normal HSPCs in the leukemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Wang L, Huang J, Jiang M, Sun L. Survivin (BIRC5) cell cycle computational network in human no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma transformation. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1286-94. [PMID: 21312234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Survivin (BIRC5) relationship with tumor is presented in several papers. However, how the molecular network and interpretation concerning BIRC5 cell cycle between no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be elucidated. Here, we constructed and analyzed significant higher expression gene BIRC5 activated and inhibited cell cycle network from HCC versus no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis patients (viral infection HCV or HBV) in GEO Dataset by combination of gene regulatory network inference method based on linear programming and decomposition procedure with the CapitalBio MAS 3.0 software based on the integration of public databases including Gene Ontology, KEGG, BioCarta, GenMapp, Intact, UniGene, OMIM, etc. Compared the same and different activated and inhibited BIRC5 network with GO analysis between no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and HCC, our result showed BIRC5 cell cycle network weaker transcription factor activity in both no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and HCC (1); stronger nucleus protein binding but weaker cytoplasm protein binding in no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis (2); stronger cytoplasm protein phosphatase binding but weaker ubiquitin-protein ligase activity in HCC (3). Therefore, we inferred BIRC5 cell cycle module less transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in both no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis and HCC (4). We deduced BIRC5 cell cycle module different from more mitosis but less complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism as a result increasing cell division and cell numbers in no-tumor hepatitis/cirrhosis to more protein amino acid autophosphorylation but less negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle as a result increasing growth and cell volume in HCC (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
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Ju Z, Zhang J, Gao Y, Cheng T. Telomere dysfunction and cell cycle checkpoints in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Int J Hematol 2011; 94:33-43. [PMID: 21671044 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are believed to be closely associated with tissue degeneration during aging. Studies of human genetic diseases and gene-targeted animal models have provided evidence that functional decline of telomeres and deregulation of cell cycle checkpoints contribute to the aging process of tissue stem cells. Telomere dysfunction can induce DNA damage response via key cell cycle checkpoints, leading to cellular senescence or apoptosis depending on the tissue type and developmental stage of a specific stem cell compartment. Telomerase mutation and telomere shortening have been observed in a variety of hematological disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenital, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemia, in which the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a major target during the pathogenesis. Moreover, telomere dysfunction is able to induce both cell-intrinsic checkpoints and environmental factors limiting the self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential of HSCs. Crucial components in the cascade of DNA damage response, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated, CHK2, p53, p21 and p16/p19(ARF), play important roles in HSC maintenance and self-renewal in the scenarios of both sufficient telomere reserve and dysfunctional telomere. Therefore, a further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging may help identity new therapeutic targets for stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ju
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Exit from quiescence and reentry into cell cycle is essential for HSC self-renewal and regeneration. Skp2 is the F-box unit of the SCF E3-ligase that targets the CDK inhibitors (CKIs) p21(Cip1), p27(Kip1), p57(Kip2), and p130 for degradation. These CKIs inhibit the G(1) to S-phase transition of the cell cycle, and their deletion results in increased cell proliferation and decreased stem cell self-renewal. Skp2 deletion leads to CKIs stabilization inducing cell-cycle delay or arrest, and conversely, increased Skp2 expression is often found in cancers. Here, we show that SKP2 expression is increased in HSC and progenitors in response to hematopoietic stress from myelosuppression or after transplantation. At steady state, SKP2 deletion decreased the mitotic activity of HSC and progenitors resulting in enhanced HSC quiescence, increased HSC pool size, and maintenance. However, the inability to rapidly enter cell cycle greatly impaired the short-term repopulating potential of SKP2 null HSC and their ability to regenerate after myeloablative stress. Mechanistically, deletion of SKP2 in HSC and progenitors stabilized CKIs in vivo, particularly p27(Kip1), p57(Kip2), and p130. Our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for SKP2 in regulating HSC and progenitor expansion and hematopoietic regeneration after stress.
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Sabatel C, Cornet AM, Tabruyn SP, Malvaux L, Castermans K, Martial JA, Struman I. Sprouty1, a new target of the angiostatic agent 16K prolactin, negatively regulates angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:231. [PMID: 20813052 PMCID: PMC2944818 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorganized angiogenesis is associated with several pathologies, including cancer. The identification of new genes that control tumor neovascularization can provide novel insights for future anti-cancer therapies. Sprouty1 (SPRY1), an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway, might be one of these new genes. We identified SPRY1 by comparing the transcriptomes of untreated endothelial cells with those of endothelial cells treated by the angiostatic agent 16 K prolactin (16 K hPRL). In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential function of SPRY1 in angiogenesis. RESULTS We confirmed 16 K hPRL induced up-regulation of SPRY1 in primary endothelial cells. In addition, we demonstrated the positive SPRY1 regulation in a chimeric mouse model of human colon carcinoma in which 16 K hPRL treatment was shown to delay tumor growth. Expression profiling by qRT-PCR with species-specific primers revealed that induction of SPRY1 expression by 16 K hPRL occurs only in the (murine) endothelial compartment and not in the (human) tumor compartment. The regulation of SPRY1 expression was NF-κB dependent. Partial SPRY1 knockdown by RNA interference protected endothelial cells from apoptosis as well as increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, capillary network formation, and adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. SPRY1 knockdown was also shown to affect the expression of cyclinD1 and p21 both involved in cell-cycle regulation. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of SPRY1 as an inhibitor of ERK/MAPK signaling and to a possible explanation of its effect on cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that SPRY1 is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Sabatel
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GIGA-research, University of Liège, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, Liège, Belgium
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Chandler JM, Lagasse E. Cancerous stem cells: deviant stem cells with cancer-causing misbehavior. Stem Cell Res Ther 2010; 1:13. [PMID: 20587011 PMCID: PMC2905089 DOI: 10.1186/scrt13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells maintain homeostasis in adult tissues via self-renewal and generation of terminally differentiated cells. Alterations in this intricate balance can result in disease. It has become increasingly evident that cancer can be initiated at the level of stem cells. Therefore, understanding what causes stem cells to become cancerous may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Multiple signaling pathways ultimately affect stem cell survival and proliferation, thus maintaining homeostasis in the gut. Changes in these pathways could perturb normal stem cell behavior, leading to cancerous stem cells. In addition, cancerous stem cells show resistance to current therapies and may lead to a dangerous selection process resulting in recurrence and metastasis. Genomic instability, the driving force of mutation and resistance, may give cancerous stem cells an adaptive advantage, especially when subjected to cancer therapies. Targeting the unique characteristics of cancerous stem cells to promote either terminal differentiation or destruction would effectively eradicate cancer and improve patient care and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Chandler
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Akleyev AV, Akushevich IV, Dimov GP, Veremeyeva GA, Varfolomeyeva TA, Ukraintseva SV, Yashin AI. Early hematopoiesis inhibition under chronic radiation exposure in humans. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:281-291. [PMID: 20340030 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The major goal of this study was to identify and quantitatively describe the association between the characteristics of chronic (low-dose rate) exposure to (low LET) ionizing radiation and cellularity of peripheral blood cell lines. About 3,200 hemograms (i.e., spectra of blood counts) obtained over the years of maximal exposure to ionizing radiation (1950-1956) for inhabitants of the Techa River were used in analyses. The mean cumulative red bone marrow dose (with standard errors), calculated using Techa River Dosimetry System-2000, was 333.6 +/- 4.6 mGy (SD = 259.9 mGy, max = 1151 mGy) to the year 1956. The statistical approach included both empirical methods for estimating frequencies of cytopenic states of the investigated blood cell lines (e.g. neutrophile, platelets, erythrocyte, etc.), and regression methods, including generalized linear models and logistic regressions which allowed taking into account confounding factors (e.g., attained age, age at maximal exposure, presence of concomitant diseases, and demographic characteristics). The results of the analyses demonstrated hematopoiesis inhibition manifested by a decrease in peripheral blood cellularity and an increase in the frequency of cytopenia in all blood cell lines (leukocytes, including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophiles, as well as platelets and erythrocytes). The intensity of hematopoiesis inhibition in the period of maximal exposures is determined by the combined influence of the dose rate and cumulative dose. The contribution of specific confounding factors was quantified and shown to be much less important than dose characteristics. The best predictor among dose characteristics was identified for each blood cell line. A 2-fold increase in dose rate is assumed to be a characteristic of radiosensitivity and a quantitative characteristic of the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Akleyev
- Clinical Department, Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Transmission distortion by loss of p21 or p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors following competitive spermatogonial transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6210-5. [PMID: 20308578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914448107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal division to support spermatogenesis. Although several positive regulators of SSC self-renewal have been identified, little is known about the mechanisms that negatively regulate SSCs. Here we developed a novel transplantation assay for SSCs and demonstrate that p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors play critical roles in SSC self-renewal and differentiation. Overexpression of p21 or p27 abrogated proliferation of cultured SSCs in vitro, and their expression levels were downregulated by exogenous self-renewal signals. In contrast, no apparent defects were found in p21 or p27-deficient SSCs by spermatogonial transplantation. However, competitive spermatogonial transplantation with WT SSCs revealed that the loss of either gene causes distortion of germline transmission: p21-deficiency facilitated mutant offspring production, whereas germline transmission was limited by p27-deficiency. Serial transplantation also showed that the loss of p27, but not p21, decreases secondary colony formation, suggesting that appropriate amounts of p27 are necessary for sustaining SSC self-renewal. Thus, p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors play critical roles in germline transmission by regulating the balance between SSC self-renewal and differentiation, and competitive spermatogonial transplantation technique will be useful for analyzing subtle defects in spermatogenesis that are not evident by traditional spermatogonial transplantation.
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Runx1 directly promotes proliferation of hair follicle stem cells and epithelial tumor formation in mouse skin. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:2518-36. [PMID: 20308320 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01308-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Runx1/AML1 is a transcription factor implicated in tissue stem cell regulation and belongs to the small Runx family of cancer genes. In the hair follicle (HF), Runx1 epithelial deletion in morphogenesis impairs normal adult hair homeostasis (cycle) and blocks adult hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in quiescence. Here, we show that these effects are overcome later in adulthood. By deleting Runx1 after the end of morphogenesis, we demonstrate its direct role in promoting anagen onset and HFSC proliferation. Runx1 deletion resulted in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21) upregulation. Interfering with Runx1 function in cultured HFSCs impaired their proliferation and normal G(0)/G1 and G(1)/S cell cycle progression. The proliferation defect could be rescued by Runx1 readdition or by p21 deletion. Chemically induced skin tumorigenesis in mice turned on broad Runx1 expression in regions of the skin epithelium, papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, it revealed reduced rates of tumor formation in the absence of Runx1 that were accompanied by decreased epithelial levels of phospho-Stat3. Runx1 protein expression was similar in normal human and mouse hair cycles. We propose that Runx1 may act as a skin oncogene by directly promoting proliferation of the epithelial cells.
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CD24+ cells from hierarchically organized ovarian cancer are enriched in cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2010; 29:2672-80. [PMID: 20190812 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in solid tumors and cancer cell lines. In this study, we isolated a series of cancer cell clones, which were heterogeneous in growth rate, cell cycle distribution and expression profile of genes and proteins, from ovarian tumor specimens of a patient and identified a sub-population enriched for ovarian CSCs defined by CD24 phenotype. Experiments in vitro demonstrated CD24(+) sub-population possessed stem cell-like characteristics of remaining quiescence and more chemoresistant compared with CD24(-) fraction, as well as a specific capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. In addition, injection of 5 x 10(3) CD24(+) cells was able to form tumor xenografts in nude mice, whereas equal number of CD24(-) cells remained nontumorigenic. We also found that CD24(+) cells expressed higher mRNA levels of some 'stemness' genes, including Nestin, beta-catenin, Bmi-1, Oct4, Oct3/4, Notch1 and Notch4 which were involved in modulating many functions of stem cells, and lower E-cadherin mRNA level than CD24(-) cells. Altogether, these observations suggest human ovarian tumor cells are organized as a hierarchy and CD24 demarcates an ovarian cancer-initiating cell population. These findings will have important clinical applications for developing effective therapeutic strategies to treat ovarian cancer.
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Avigad S, Shukla S, Naumov I, Cohen IJ, Ash S, Meller I, Kollender Y, Issakov J, Yaniv I. Aberrant methylation and reduced expression of RASSF1A in Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1023-8. [PMID: 19637319 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common solid bone and soft tissue malignancy in children and young adults with low cure rates indicating the need to identify further prognostic markers. The importance of methylation in the inactivation of key tumor suppressor genes including RASSF1A has begun to be appreciated in context of cancer development, prognosis and therapy. However there is lack of similar broad based studies in ES. The objective of this study was to analyze RASSF1A methylation and assess its clinical significance in ES. PROCEDURE The methylation of RASSF1A was determined 31 ES tumor samples and 4 ES cell lines. ES cell lines were also treated with demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine to ascertain its effect on methylation. RASSF1A expression was studied in 12 ES tumors. The association between RASSF1A methylation, clinical parameters and outcome was also analyzed. RESULTS Methylation of RASSF1A was observed in 21/31 (68%) tumors and in 3/4 ES cell lines. A significant correlation of methylation to reduced expression of RASSF1A was observed in 12 ES tumors analyzed (P = 0.0013) and in all cell lines. ES patients with methylated RASSF1A had worse prognosis compared to the unmethylated group (P = 0.049). Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in the re-expression of the unmethylated form of RASSF1A in two ES cell lines. CONCLUSION RASSF1A is frequently methylated in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Avigad
- Molecular Oncology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
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Qi J, Yu JY, Shcherbata HR, Mathieu J, Wang AJ, Seal S, Zhou W, Stadler BM, Bourgin D, Wang L, Nelson A, Ware C, Raymond C, Lim LP, Magnus J, Ivanovska I, Diaz R, Ball A, Cleary MA, Ruohola-Baker H. microRNAs regulate human embryonic stem cell division. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:3729-41. [PMID: 19823043 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.22.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate numerous physiological processes such as cell division and differentiation in many tissue types including stem cells. To probe the role that miRNAs play in regulating processes relevant to embryonic stem cell biology, we used RNA interference to silence DICER and DROSHA, the two main miRNA processing enzymes. Consistent with a role for miRNAs in maintaining normal stem cell division and renewal, we found that perturbation of miRNA pathway function in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) attenuates cell proliferation. Normal cell growth can be partially restored by introduction of the mature miRNAs miR-195 and miR-372. These miRNAs regulate two tumor suppressor genes, respectively: WEE1, which encodes a negative G2/M kinase modulator of the CycB/CDK complex and CDKN1A, which encodes p21, a CycE/CDK cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the G1/S transition. We show that in wild-type hESCs, WEE 1 levels control the rate of hESC division, whereas p21 levels must be maintained at a low level for hESC division to proceed. These data support a model for hESC cell cycle control in which miRNAs regulate negative cell cycle modulators at two phases of the cell cycle to ensure proper replenishment of the stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Scl regulates the quiescence and the long-term competence of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2009; 115:792-803. [PMID: 19850742 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-201384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) in the adult is in G(0), whereas a large proportion of progenitors are more cycling. We show here that the SCL/TAL1 transcription factor is highly expressed in LT-HSCs compared with short-term reconstituting HSCs and progenitors and that SCL negatively regulates the G(0)-G(1) transit of LT-HSCs. Furthermore, when SCL protein levels are decreased by gene targeting or by RNA interference, the reconstitution potential of HSCs is impaired in several transplantation assays. First, the mean stem cell activity of HSCs transplanted at approximately 1 competitive repopulating unit was 2-fold decreased when Scl gene dosage was decreased. Second, Scl(+/-) HSCs were at a marked competitive disadvantage with Scl(+/+) cells when transplanted at 4 competitive repopulating units equivalent. Third, reconstitution of the stem cell pool by adult HSCs expressing Scl-directed shRNAs was decreased compared with controls. At the molecular level, we found that SCL occupies the Cdkn1a and Id1 loci in primary hematopoietic cells and that the expression levels of these 2 regulators of HSC cell cycle and long-term functions are sensitive to Scl gene dosage. Together, our observations suggest that SCL impedes G(0)-G(1) transition in HSCs and regulates their long-term competence.
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