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Torrez CZ, Easley A, Bouamar H, Zheng G, Gu X, Yang J, Chiu YC, Chen Y, Halff GA, Cigarroa FG, Sun LZ. STEAP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via increased copper levels and stress-activated MAP kinase activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12753. [PMID: 38830975 PMCID: PMC11148201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 2 (STEAP2) belongs to a family of metalloreductases, which indirectly aid in uptake of iron and copper ions. Its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be characterized. Here, we report that STEAP2 expression was upregulated in HCC tumors compared with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues by RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. Public HCC datasets demonstrated upregulated STEAP2 expression in HCC and positive association with tumor grade. Transient and stable knockdown (KD) of STEAP2 in HCC cell lines abrogated their malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, while STEAP2 overexpression showed opposite effects. STEAP2 KD in HCC cells led to significant alteration of genes associated with extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion/chemotaxis, negative enrichment of an invasiveness signature gene set, and inhibition of cell migration/invasion. STEAP2 KD reduced intracellular copper levels and activation of stress-activated MAP kinases including p38 and JNK. Treatment with copper rescued the reduced HCC cell migration due to STEAP2 KD and activated p38 and JNK. Furthermore, treatment with p38 or JNK inhibitors significantly inhibited copper-mediated cell migration. Thus, STEAP2 plays a malignant-promoting role in HCC cells by driving migration/invasion via increased copper levels and MAP kinase activities. Our study uncovered a novel molecular mechanism contributing to HCC malignancy and a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zeballos Torrez
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Acarizia Easley
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hakim Bouamar
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guixi Zheng
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Glenn A Halff
- Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Francisco G Cigarroa
- Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Fang ZX, Chen WJ, Wu Z, Hou YY, Lan YZ, Wu HT, Liu J. Inflammatory response in gastrointestinal cancers: Overview of six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate in pathophysiology and clinical implications. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:9-22. [PMID: 38292664 PMCID: PMC10823946 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancers (GICs), the common solid tumors worldwide. Precancerous lesions, such as chronic atrophic inflammation and ulcers, are related to inflammatory responses in vivo and likely to occur in hyperplasia and tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets, the prognosis of patients with GICs is still unsatisfactory. Interestingly, it is found that six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate (STEAPs), a group of metal reductases, are significantly associated with the progression of malignancies, playing a crucial role in systemic metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory responses. The structure and functions of STEAPs suggest that they are closely related to intracellular oxidative stress, responding to inflammatory reactions. Under the imbalance status of abnormal oxidative stress, STEAP members are involved in cell transformation and the development of GICs by inhibiting or activating inflammatory process. This review focuses on STEAPs in GICs along with exploring their potential molecular regulatory mechanisms, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients suffering from these types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xuan Fang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang-Zheng Lan
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Fu D, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Hu S. A novel prognostic signature and therapy guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma based on STEAP family. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38191397 PMCID: PMC10775544 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP) family members are known to be involved in various tumor-related biological processes and showed its huge potential role in tumor immunotherapy. METHODS Biological differences were investigated through Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and tumor microenvironment analysis by CIBERSORT. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), immunotherapy response and chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity were estimated in R. RESULTS We established a prognostic signature with the formula: risk score = STEAP1 × 0.3994 + STEAP4 × (- 0.7596), which had a favorable concordance with the prediction. The high-risk group were enriched in cell cycle and RNA and protein synthesis related pathways, while the low-risk group were enriched in complement and metabolic related pathways. And the risk score was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Most notably, the patients in the low-risk group were characterized with increased TMB and decreased tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, indicating that these patients showed better immune checkpoint blockade response. Meanwhile, we found the patients with high-risk were more sensitive to some drugs related to cell cycle and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The novel signature based on STEAPs may be effective indicators for predicting prognosis, and provides corresponding clinical treatment recommendations for HCC patients based on this classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.1 South Baixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.1 South Baixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.1 South Baixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Liu J, Zhou W, Yang L, Li Y, Qiu J, Fu X, Ren P, Guo F, Zhou Y, Liu J, Chen P, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. STEAP4 modulates cell proliferation and oxidative stress in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110933. [PMID: 37866665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a quite common chronic disease plagued elderly men and its etiology remains unclear. It was reported that the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) could modulate cell proliferation/apoptosis ratio and oxidative stress in cancers. Our current study aimed to explore the expression, biological function, and underlying mechanism of STEAP4 in BPH progress. Human prostate tissues and cell lines were utilized. qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were employed. STEAP4 knockdown (STEAP4-KD) or STEAP4 overexpression (STEAP4-OE) cell models were established. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related proteins and antioxidant enzymes were identified by Western Blot. In addition, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and fibrosis biomarker (collagen I and α-SMA) were analyzed. It was indicated that STEAP4 was mainly located in the prostate epithelium and upregulated in BPH tissues. STEAP4 deficiency induced apoptosis and inhibited cell survival, but had no effect on the cell cycle, fibrosis, and EMT process. In addition, ROS changes were observed in the STEAP4-KD model. Consistently, overproduction of STEAP4 suppressed apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation, as well as facilitated ROS production. We further examined AKT / mTOR, p38MAPK / p-p38MAPK, and WNT/ β-Catenin signaling pathway and demonstrated that STEAP4 regulated the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells through AKT / mTOR signaling, rather than p38MAPK / p-p38MAPK and WNT/ β-Catenin pathways. Furthermore, activating AKT / mTOR signaling with SC79 significantly reversed apoptosis triggered by STEAP4 deficiency, whereas suppressing AKT / mTOR signaling with MK2206 reduced the increase of cell viability triggered by STEAP4 overproduction. Our original data demonstrated that STEAP4 is crucial in the onset and progression of prostate hyperplasia and may become a new target for the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Qiu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Fu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongying Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Xie B, Zhong B, Zhao Z, Hu J, Yang J, Xie Y, Zhang J, Long J, Yang X, Li H. STEAP4 inhibits cisplatin-induced chemotherapy resistance through suppressing PI3K/AKT in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:26. [PMID: 38111065 PMCID: PMC10726618 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is the leading cause for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-induced death. Exploring resistance generation mechanism is an urgent need for HCC therapy. Here, we found STEAP4 was significantly downregulated in HCC patients with recurrence. Patients with low STEAP4 had poor outcome, suggesting STEAP4 might inhibit chemotherapy resistance. Cell viability assay, colony formation assay, apoptosis assay, soft agar growth assay, and tumor animal model showed STEAP4 inhibited cisplatin resistance. Mechanism analysis showed STEAP4 inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway through directly interacting with AKT. Double knockdown of STEP4 and AKT significantly inhibited cisplatin resistance. We also found STEAP4 expression was negatively correlated with PI3K/AKT pathway activity in clinic specimens. In summary, our findings suggested STEAP4 inhibited cisplatin resistance through suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway activity, providing a target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyin Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxian Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuankang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianting Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Adams MN, Croft LV, Urquhart A, Saleem MAM, Rockstroh A, Duijf PHG, Thomas PB, Ferguson GP, Najib IM, Shah ET, Bolderson E, Nagaraj S, Williams ED, Nelson CC, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. hSSB1 (NABP2/OBFC2B) modulates the DNA damage and androgen-induced transcriptional response in prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:628-640. [PMID: 36811381 PMCID: PMC10953336 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and the DNA damage response impact the prostate cancer (PCa) treatment modalities of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy. Here, we have evaluated a role for human single-strand binding protein 1 (hSSB1/NABP2) in modulation of the cellular response to androgens and ionizing radiation (IR). hSSB1 has defined roles in transcription and maintenance of genome stability, yet little is known about this protein in PCa. METHODS We correlated hSSB1 with measures of genomic instability across available PCa cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Microarray and subsequent pathway and transcription factor enrichment analysis were performed on LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cells. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that hSSB1 expression in PCa correlates with measures of genomic instability including multigene signatures and genomic scars that are reflective of defects in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks via homologous recombination. In response to IR-induced DNA damage, we demonstrate that hSSB1 regulates cellular pathways that control cell cycle progression and the associated checkpoints. In keeping with a role for hSSB1 in transcription, our analysis revealed that hSSB1 negatively modulates p53 and RNA polymerase II transcription in PCa. Of relevance to PCa pathology, our findings highlight a transcriptional role for hSSB1 in regulating the androgen response. We identified that AR function is predicted to be impacted by hSSB1 depletion, whereby this protein is required to modulate AR gene activity in PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to a key role for hSSB1 in mediating the cellular response to androgen and DNA damage via modulation of transcription. Exploiting hSSB1 in PCa might yield benefits as a strategy to ensure a durable response to ADT and/or radiotherapy and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Laura V. Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Aaron Urquhart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Anja Rockstroh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Centre for Data ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Diamantina InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Patrick B. Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Genevieve P. Ferguson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Idris Mohd Najib
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Esha T. Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Shivashankar Nagaraj
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kenneth J. O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Cancer ServicesPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Derek J. Richard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
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Ju MH, Jang EJ, Kang SH, Roh YH, Jeong JS, Han SH. Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 4: An Indicator of Prognosis and Tumor Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:643-658. [PMID: 37101765 PMCID: PMC10124562 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s394973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) has been linked to tumor progression via its involvement in inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and metabolism. However, STEAP4 has rarely been studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored STEAP4 expression associated with tumor prognosis to understand its role in tumor biology in HCC. Patients and Methods STEAP4 mRNA and protein expressions were primarily analyzed using bioinformatics tools based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database to understand the expression pattern, molecular mechanism, prognostic impact, and association with immune cell infiltration. We further investigated the association between STEAP4 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters and their predictive value in HCC patients using immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. Results The expression of STEAP4 mRNA and protein in HCC tissues was significantly lower than in normal liver tissues. Reduced expression of STEAP4 was linked to advanced HCC stages, poor recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival. Furthermore, reduced STEAP4 expression was a significant predictor of worse RFS in univariate and multivariate analyses in the immunohistochemical cohort. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses revealed that STEAP4 is related to numerous biological processes and pathways, including drug metabolism, DNA replication, RNA metabolism, and immune response. In terms of the immune system, the decreased level of STEAP4 was correlated with the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conclusion Our data indicated that reduced STEAP4 expression was significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis, possibly because of its link to various biological processes and induction of HCC immune evasion. Therefore, STEAP4 expression may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer progression and immunity, as well as a therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ha Ju
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jang
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Kang
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Song-Hee Han, Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 26, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-51-240-2863, Fax +82-51-240-7396, Email
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8
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Zhang D, Liu H, Wang W, Xu G, Yin C, Wang S. STEAP2 promotes osteosarcoma progression by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and is regulated by EFEMP2. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-16. [PMID: 36316642 PMCID: PMC9629848 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2136465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the prognostic significance and functionality of STEAP2 (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 2) in osteosarcomas and determine whether EFEMP2 (Epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2) targets STEAP2 to facilitate osteosarcoma cell infiltration and migration. STEAP2 expression in peritumoral tissues, osteosarcoma, benign fibrous dysplasia, osteosarcoma cells, normal osteoblastic hFOB cells, and various invasive subclones was evaluated using IHC, ICC, and qRT-PCR. We also evaluated the association between STEAP2 expression and disease outcome using Kaplan-Meier analyses and then investigated STEAP2 regulation and its functional effects using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The results revealed that the upregulation of STEAP2 in osteosarcoma tissues positively correlated with both the malignant osteosarcoma phenotype and poor patient outcomes. In addition, STEAP2 expression induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and facilitated osteosarcoma cell infiltration and migration. Changes in EFEMP2 expression resulted in correlating changes in STEAP2 expression, with EFEMP2-overexpressing osteosarcoma cells exhibiting a less invasive phenotype and reduced EMT following STEAP2 inhibition. It is also worth noting that although EFEMP2 overexpression activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway promoting EMT, it did not affect osteosarcoma cells in which STEAP2 or Akt was knocked down. Thus, we can conclude that STEAP2 acts as an oncogene in osteosarcoma progression, while EFEMP2 enables PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis initiation and EMT by partly targeting STEAP2, thereby facilitating osteosarcoma cell infiltration and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chenxiao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Songgang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,CONTACT Songgang Wang Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan, Shandong250012, China
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Li X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Xiong Y, Li R, Zhu J, Lin Y. Overexpression of goat STEAP4 promotes the differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:397-406. [PMID: 36415757 PMCID: PMC9673034 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-397-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The focus of this study was the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4) gene, on the basis of the cloned goat STEAP4 gene sequence. Its molecular and expression characteristics were analyzed, and its influence on the differentiation of goat subcutaneous adipocytes was explored through overexpression. Method: Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to clone the goat STEAP4 sequence, and online tools were used to analyze the molecular characteristic. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of STEAP4 in goat tissues and subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation. Liposome transfection, BODIPY, Oil Red O staining, and qPCR were used to explore the effect of overexpression of STEAP4 on adipocyte differentiation. Results: The cloned goat STEAP4 gene sequence was 1388 bp, and the complete coding sequence (CDS) region was 1197 bp, which encoded a total of 398 amino acids. Compared with the predicted sequence (XM_005679300.3), there were three base mutations in the CDS region of goat STEAP4, A188G, T281C, and A507G. Among them, A507G changed the amino acid at position 170 from Ile to Val. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the protein showed that STEAP4 was a stable hydrophilic basic protein. STEAP4 gene expression level was highest in goat liver tissue ( P < 0.01 ), followed by lung and back subcutaneous adipose tissue. STEAP4 showed different expression levels in goat subcutaneous adipocytes at different times during the induction of differentiation. The expression in the late stage of differentiation was higher than that before differentiation and lowest at 12 h ( P < 0.01 ). Overexpression of STEAP4 promoted the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets; C/EBP β (CCAAT enhancer binding protein) was extremely significantly up-regulated ( P < 0.01 ), and aP2 (fatty acid binding protein) was significantly up-regulated ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion: Overexpression of STEAP4 could promote the differentiation of goat subcutaneous preadipocytes. This study lays the foundation for an in-depth study of the role of STEAP4 in goat lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University,
Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal
Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan
Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University,
Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal
Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan
Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University,
Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal
Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan
Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University,
Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal
Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan
Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University,
Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal
Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan
Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- Chengdu
Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of
Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal
Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan
Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University,
Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal
Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan
Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Li CL, Fang ZX, Wu Z, Hou YY, Wu HT, Liu J. Repurposed itraconazole for use in the treatment of malignancies as a promising therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113616. [PMID: 36055112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding cancer biology and the development of novel agents for cancer treatment has always been the goal of cancer researchers. However, the research and development of new drugs is hindered by its long development time, exorbitant cost, high regulatory hurdles, and staggering failure rates. Given the challenges involved drug development for cancer therapies, alternative strategies, in particular the repurposing of 'old' drugs that have been approved for other indications, are attractive. Itraconazole is an FDA-approved anti-fungal drug of the triazole class, and has been used clinically for more than 30 years. Recent drug repurposing screens revealed itraconazole exerts anti-cancer activity via inhibiting angiogenesis and multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. To explore the potential utilization of itraconazole in different types of malignancies, we retrieved the published literature relating to itraconazole in cancer and reviewed the mechanisms of itraconazole in preclinical and clinical cancer studies. Current research predicts the hedgehog signaling pathway as the main target by which itraconazole inhibits a variety of solid and hematological cancers. As clinical trial results become available, itraconazole could emerge as a new antitumor drug that can be used in combination with first-line antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Kim HY, Park CH, Park JB, Ko K, Lee MH, Chung J, Yoo YH. Hepatic STAMP2 alleviates polychlorinated biphenyl-induced steatosis and hepatic iron overload in NAFLD models. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2223-2234. [PMID: 35616167 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, oncogenicity, and endocrine-disrupting effects. Although the recent studies have demonstrated that PCB exposure leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying mechanism has remained unsolved. In this study, we examined the hepatic effects of a PCB mixture, Aroclor 1260, whose composition mimics human bioaccumulation patterns, and PCB 126 in C57BL/6 mice. Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a standard diet or a 60% high-fat diet and exposed to Aroclor 1260 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) or PCB 126 (1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for a total of four injections (2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks) for 6 weeks. In mice, both Aroclor 1260 and PCB 126-induced liver damage, hepatic steatosis and inflammation. We also observed that PCB exposure-induced hepatic iron overload (HIO). We previously demonstrated that hepatic six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) may represent a suitable therapeutic target for NAFLD patients. Thus, we further examined whether hepatic STAMP2 is involved in PCB-induced NAFLD. We observed that hepatic STAMP2 was significantly decreased in PCB-induced NAFLD models in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of hepatic STAMP2 using an adenoviral delivery system resulted in improvement of PCB-induced steatosis and HIO in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that enhancing hepatic STAMP2 expression represents a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of PCB exposure-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and BK21 program, Department of Translational Biomedical Science, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Oral Genomics Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hee Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and BK21 program, Department of Translational Biomedical Science, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Beom Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and BK21 program, Department of Translational Biomedical Science, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangeun Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and BK21 program, Department of Translational Biomedical Science, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and BK21 program, Department of Translational Biomedical Science, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Oral Genomics Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and BK21 program, Department of Translational Biomedical Science, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Kim HY, Yoo YH. The Role of STAMP2 in Pathogenesis of Chronic Diseases Focusing on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092082. [PMID: 36140186 PMCID: PMC9495648 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue. NAFLD can progress from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, there is no currently approved pharmacologic therapy for NAFLD patients. The six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2), a metalloreductase involved in iron and copper homeostasis, is well known for its critical role in the coordination of glucose/lipid metabolism and inflammation in metabolic tissues. We previously demonstrated that hepatic STAMP2 could be a suitable therapeutic target for NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of STAMP2 in the dysregulation of iron metabolism events leading to NAFLD and suggest therapeutic strategies targeting STAMP2.
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STEAP1-4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1-4) and Their Clinical Implications for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164034. [PMID: 36011027 PMCID: PMC9406800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite recent therapeutic advances in the treatment of prostate cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. New research into highly expressed proteins in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer shows that Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1–4 (STEAP1–4) are significant drivers of prostate cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. STEAP1, in particular, is highly expressed on the plasma membrane of prostate cancer cells and has received significant attention as a potential therapeutic target. This review highlights what is known about STEAP1–4 and identifies knowledge gaps that require further research. Abstract Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1–4 (STEAP1–4) compose a family of metalloproteinases involved in iron and copper homeostasis and other cellular processes. Thus far, five homologs are known: STEAP1, STEAP1B, STEAP2, STEAP3, and STEAP4. In prostate cancer, STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 are overexpressed, while STEAP3 expression is downregulated. Although the metalloreductase activities of STEAP1–4 are well documented, their other biological functions are not. Furthermore, the properties and expression levels of STEAP heterotrimers, homotrimers, heterodimers, and homodimers are not well understood. Nevertheless, studies over the last few decades have provided sufficient impetus to investigate STEAP1–4 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. In particular, STEAP1 is the target of many emerging immunotherapies. Herein, we give an overview of the structure, physiology, and pathophysiology of STEAP1–4 to provide context for past and current efforts to translate STEAP1–4 into the clinic.
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Ongaba T, Ndekezi C, Nakiddu N. A Molecular Docking Study of Human STEAP2 for the Discovery of New Potential Anti-Prostate Cancer Chemotherapeutic Candidates. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:869375. [PMID: 36304279 PMCID: PMC9580961 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.869375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a rising health concern and accounts for 3.8% of all cancer deaths globally. Uganda has one of the highest incidence rates of the disease in Africa at 5.2% with the majority of diagnosed patients found to have advanced disease. This study aimed to use the STEAP2 protein (prostate cancer–specific biomarker) for the discovery of new targeted therapy. To determine the most likely compound that can bind to the STEAP2 protein, we docked the modeled STEAP2 3D structure against 2466 FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved drug candidates using AutoDock Vina. Protein basic local alignment search tool (BLASTp) search, multiple sequence alignment (MSA), and phylogenetics were further carried out to analyze the diversity of this marker and determine its conserved domains as suitable target regions. Six promising drug candidates (ligands) were identified. Triptorelin had the highest binding energy (−12.1 kcal/mol) followed by leuprolide (docking energy: −11.2 kcal/mol). All the top two drug candidates interacted with residues Ser-372 and Gly-369 in close proximity with the iron-binding domain (an important catalyst of metal reduction). The two drugs had earlier been approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer with an elusive mode of action. Through this study, further insight into figuring out their interaction with STEAP2 might be important during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ongaba
- Department of Biomolecular Resources and Biolaboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- *Correspondence: Timothy Ongaba,
| | - Christian Ndekezi
- Department of Biomolecular Resources and Biolaboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Nana Nakiddu
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- College of Health Sciences (CHS), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Comprehensive Landscape of STEAP Family Members Expression in Human Cancers: Unraveling the Potential Usefulness in Clinical Practice Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) family comprises STEAP1-4. Several studies have pointed out STEAP proteins as putative biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in several types of human cancers, particularly in prostate cancer. However, the relationships and significance of the expression pattern of STEAP1-4 in cancer cases are barely known. Herein, the Oncomine database and cBioPortal platform were selected to predict the differential expression levels of STEAP members and clinical prognosis. The most common expression pattern observed was the combination of the over- and underexpression of distinct STEAP genes, but cervical and gastric cancer and lymphoma showed overexpression of all STEAP genes. It was also found that STEAP genes’ expression levels were already deregulated in benign lesions. Regarding the prognostic value, it was found that STEAP1 (prostate), STEAP2 (brain and central nervous system), STEAP3 (kidney, leukemia and testicular) and STEAP4 (bladder, cervical, gastric) overexpression correlate with lower patient survival rate. However, in prostate cancer, overexpression of the STEAP4 gene was correlated with a higher survival rate. Overall, this study first showed that the expression levels of STEAP genes are highly variable in human cancers, which may be related to different patients’ outcomes.
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Zhu L, Li B, Chen D, Chen N, Xu L, Li Q, Chen X. sSTEAP4 regulates cellular homeostasis and improves high-fat-diet-caused oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Life Sci 2022; 296:120438. [PMID: 35227772 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global epidemic, but its pathogenesis is unclear. STEAP4, a member of six transmembrane protein family, integrates inflammatory and metabolic responses. Our present aim is to explore the roles of STEAP4 in maintaining cellular homeostasis and improving high-fat-diet (HFD)-caused oxidative stress in hepatocytes. MAIN METHODS NAFLD model was established by HFD-feeding mice. The effects of over-nutrition on liver were detected by serum biochemical analysis and bulk RNA-seq. The levels of gene expression were measured by QPCR and Western Blot. Immunofluorescent staining was applied to determine the localization of STEAP4. AMPK agonist was employed to investigate the link between STEAP4 and AMPK pathway. KEY FINDINGS Sus scrofa STEAP4 (sSTEAP4) relieved oxidative stress and rescued the viability of hepatocytes. sSTEAP4 increased AKT phosphorylation and SOD2 level in hepatocytes, whether or not treated with H2O2, suggesting sSTEAP4 has regulatory effects on insulin signaling and antioxidant pathways. However, sSTEAP4 inhibited AMPK phosphorylation and Beclin1/LC3 expression under H2O2-deficiency situation, but the results were conversed with H2O2 stimulation. The cellular ER stress was aggravated with the increased energy during oxidative stress, indicating that sSTEAP4 might regulate the energetic communication between ER and mitochondria by intervening mitochondrial energy production. In addition, sSTEAP4 was demonstrated to localize in the membranes of plasma and ER in HepG2 hepatocytes. SIGNIFICANCE Our results reveal that sSTEAP4 based on the needs of cell itself to improve hepatic oxidative stress and HFD-caused NAFLD, which might provide a new therapeutic scheme for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqin Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Le Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Tang Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Sun H, Tang W. STEAP4 promoter methylation correlates with tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gan J, Gu T, Hong L, Cai G. Ferroptosis-related genes involved in animal reproduction: An Overview. Theriogenology 2022; 184:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao Z, Ti Y, Lu B, Song FQ, Zhang L, Hu BA, Xie JY, Zhang W, Han L, Zhong M. STAMP2 Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via NMRAL1-Mediated NF-κB Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3219-3229. [PMID: 36276296 PMCID: PMC9581721 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s374784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) attenuates metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus. However, the role of STAMP2 in the diabetic heart is still unclear. METHODS A diabetic rat cardiomyopathy model was established via intraperitoneal STZ injection. STAMP2 was overexpressed in the treatment group using adeno-associated virus. Rat heart diastolic function was measured using echocardiography and a left ventricular catheter, and cardiac interstitial fibrosis was detected by immunohistochemistry and histological staining. Insulin sensitivity and NF-κB expression were shown by Western blotting. NMRAL1 distribution was illustrated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS STAMP2 expression in the diabetic rat heart was reduced, and exogenous overexpression of STAMP2 improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and alleviated diastolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, we found that NF-κB signaling is activated in the diabetic heart and that exogenous overexpression of STAMP2 promotes NMRAL1 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and inhibits p65 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION STAMP2 attenuates cardiac dysfunction and insulin resistance in diabetic cardiomyopathy, likely by promoting NMRAL1 retranslocation and NF-κB signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Ti
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-qiang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-ang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-ying Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lu Han; Ming Zhong, Email ;
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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OUP accepted manuscript. Clin Chem 2022; 68:973-983. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lakhal-Littleton S. Advances in understanding the crosstalk between mother and fetus on iron utilization. Semin Hematol 2021; 58:153-160. [PMID: 34389107 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A full-term pregnancy comes with significant demand for iron. Not meeting this demand has adverse effects on maternal health and on the intrauterine and postnatal development of the infant. In the infant, some of these adverse effects cannot be reversed by postnatal iron supplementation, highlighting the need to tackle iron deficiency in utero. Achieving this requires sound understanding of the pathways that govern iron transfer at the fetomaternal interface. Two pathways are emerging as key players in this context; the hepcidin/ferroportin axis pathway and the iron regulatory protein (IRPs) pathway. In late gestation, suppression of maternal hepcidin, by as yet unknown factors, is required for increasing iron availability to the growing fetus. In the placenta, the rate of iron uptake by transferrin receptor TfR1 at the apical/maternal side and of iron release by ferroportin FPN at the basal/fetal side is controlled by IRP1. In fetal hepatocytes, build up of fetal iron stores requires post-translational inhibition of FPN by the cell-autonomous action of hepcidin. In the fetal liver, FPN is also subject to additional control at the transcriptional level, possibly by the action of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF2α. The rates of apical iron uptake and basal iron release in the placenta are modulated according to iron availability in the maternal blood and the placenta's own needs. This placental modulation ensures that the amount of iron delivered to the fetal circulation is maintained within a normal range, even in the face of mild maternal iron deficiency or overload. However, when maternal iron deficiency or overload are extreme, placental modulation is not sufficient to maintain normal iron supply to the fetus, resulting in fetal iron deficiency and overload respectively. Thus, the rate of iron transfer at the fetomaternal interface is subject to several regulatory signals operating simultaneously in the maternal liver, the placenta and the fetal liver. These regulatory signals act in concert to maintain normal iron supply to the fetus within a wide range of maternal iron states, but fail to do so when maternal iron deficiency or overload are extreme. The limitations of existing experimental models must be overcome if we are to gain better understanding of the role of these regulatory signals in normal and complicated pregnancy. Ultimately, that understanding could help identify better markers of fetal iron demand and underpin novel iron replacement strategies to treat maternal and fetal iron deficiency.
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The Usefulness of STEAP Proteins in Prostate Cancer Clinical Practice. Prostate Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.36255/exonpublications.prostatecancer.steap.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
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Wang Y, Gao L, Li Z, Ma X. MicroRNA-301a-3p promotes diabetic retinopathy via regulation of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:445-457. [PMID: 33609142 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to play a crucial role in DR, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-301a-3p on DR are poorly understood. This paper was designed to explore the possible role of miR-301a-3p in DR. METHODS The diabetic rat model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The effects of miR-301a-3p on the biological functions of HRECs were determined through a series of experiments in vitro/vivo. RESULTS The results revealed that interference with miR-301a-3p could decrease the expressions of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in the retinal tissue of DR. Furthermore, it can alleviate the oxidative stress in DR serum, reduce VEGF expression, increase endothelial cell marker expression, and inhibit (High Glucose) HG-induced apoptosis of HRECs. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) was the target of miR-301a-3p. All the effects of miR-301a-3p in DR model were reversed by STEAP4 inhibitor. CONCLUSION miR-301a-3p promotes diabetic retinopathy via regulation of STEAP4. The findings in this study may provide a vital reference for the drug research and development in DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Xingtai Medical College, Hebei, 054000, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Clinical, Xingtai Medical College, Hebei, 054000, China
| | - Zhili Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Xingyuan Road No. 3, Hebei, 050200, China.
| | - Xingyou Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Hebei, 054000, China
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Pihlstrøm N, Jin Y, Nenseth Z, Kuzu OF, Saatcioglu F. STAMP2 Expression Mediated by Cytokines Attenuates Their Growth-Limiting Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071579. [PMID: 33808059 PMCID: PMC8036285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death in men. Despite significant developments in therapy options with improved survival, no curative treatment is currently available. We have previously identified six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) as an important factor for PCa growth and survival. We now show that STAMP2 expression is regulated by inflammatory signaling, which has recently been implicated in PCa. Two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 beta, synergize with each other to induce STAMP2 expression. Interestingly, STAMP2 knockdown increased the sensitivity of PCa cells to cytokine treatment. Thus, STAMP2 that acts as a survival factor in PCa, is both independently and synergistically regulated by inflammatory signaling that may affect disease progression. Abstract Inflammatory events and dysregulated cytokine expression are implicated in prostate cancer (PCa), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood at present. We have previously identified six transmembrane protein of the prostate 2 (STAMP2, also known as STEAP4) as an androgen-regulated gene, as well as a key regulator of PCa growth and survival. STAMP2 is also regulated by, and participates in, inflammatory signaling in other tissues and pathologies. Here, we show that the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) significantly increase and strongly synergize in promoting STAMP2 expression in PCa cells. The two cytokines increase androgen-induced STAMP2 expression, but not expression of other known androgen target genes, suggesting a unique interplay of androgens and cytokines in regulating STAMP2 expression. Interestingly, STAMP2 knockdown significantly increased the ability of IL-6 and IL-1β to inhibit PCa cell growth in vitro. These results suggest that STAMP2 may represent a unique node through which inflammatory events mediate their effects on PCa growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Pihlstrøm
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zeynep Nenseth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
| | - Omer F. Kuzu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
- Correspondence: (O.F.K.); (F.S.); Tel.: +47-22-854-569 (F.S.); Fax: +47-22-857-207 (F.S.)
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, 0188 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (O.F.K.); (F.S.); Tel.: +47-22-854-569 (F.S.); Fax: +47-22-857-207 (F.S.)
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Ferroptosis, trophoblast lipotoxic damage, and adverse pregnancy outcome. Placenta 2021; 108:32-38. [PMID: 33812183 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a central process in the control of tissue development, organismal physiology, and disease. Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of programmed cell death that is uniquely defined by redox-active iron-dependent hydroxy-peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids and a loss of lipid peroxidation repair capacity. This distinctive form of lipotoxic cell death has been recently implicated in multiple human diseases, spanning ischemia-reperfusion heart injury, brain damage, acute kidney injury, cancer, and asthma. Intriguingly, settings that have been associated with ferroptosis are linked to placental physiology and trophoblast injury. Such circumstances include hypoxia-reperfusion during placental development, physiological uterine contractions or pathological changes in placental bed perfusion, the abundance of trophoblastic iron, evidence for lipotoxicity during the pathophysiology of major placental disorders such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, and reduced glutathione peroxidation capacity and lipid peroxidation repair during placental injury. We recently interrogated placental ferroptosis in placental dysfunction in human and mouse pregnancy, dissected its relevance to placental injury, and validated the role of glutathione peroxidase-4 in guarding placental trophoblasts against ferroptotic injury. We also uncovered a role for the phospholipase PLA2G6 (PNPLA9) in attenuating trophoblast ferroptosis. Here, we summarize current data on trophoblast ferroptosis, and the role of several proteins and microRNAs as regulators of this process. Our text offers insights into new opportunities for regulating ferroptosis as a means for protecting placental trophoblasts against lipotoxic injury.
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26
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Cellai I, Di Stasi V, Comeglio P, Maseroli E, Todisco T, Corno C, Filippi S, Cipriani S, Sorbi F, Fambrini M, Petraglia F, Scavello I, Rastrelli G, Acciai G, Villanelli F, Danza G, Sarchielli E, Guarnieri G, Morelli A, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Insight on the Intracrinology of Menopause: Androgen Production within the Human Vagina. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6008848. [PMID: 33247714 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated steroidogenic gene mRNA expression in human vaginas and verified the ability of human vagina smooth muscle cells (hvSMCs) to synthesize androgens from upstream precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). As a readout for androgen receptor (AR) activation, we evaluated the mRNA expression of various androgen-dependent markers. hvSMCs were isolated from vagina tissues of women undergoing surgery for benign gynecological diseases. In these cells, we evaluated mRNA expression of several steroidogenic enzymes and sex steroid receptors using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Androgen production was quantified with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In vaginal tissues, AR mRNA was significantly less expressed than estrogen receptor α, whereas in hvSMCs, its mRNA expression was higher than progestin and both estrogen receptors. In hvSMCs and in vaginal tissue, when compared to ovaries, the mRNA expression of proandrogenic steroidogenic enzymes (HSD3β1/β2, HSD17β3/β5), along with 5α-reductase isoforms and sulfotransferase, resulted as being more abundant. In addition, enzymes involved in androgen inactivation were less expressed than in the ovaries. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that, in hvSMCs, short-term DHEA supplementation increased Δ4-androstenedione levels in spent medium, while increasing testosterone and DHT secretion after longer incubation. Finally, androgenic signaling activation was evaluated through AR-dependent marker mRNA expression, after DHEA and T stimulation. This study confirmed that the human vagina is an androgen-target organ with the ability to synthesize androgens, thus providing support for the use of androgens for local symptoms of genitourinary syndrome in menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cellai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenza Di Stasi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Maseroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Todisco
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Corno
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Interdepartmental laboratory of functional and cellular pharmacology of reproduction, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sarah Cipriani
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fambrini
- Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Scavello
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Acciai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Villanelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
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Chen WJ, Wu HT, Li CL, Lin YK, Fang ZX, Lin WT, Liu J. Regulatory Roles of Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate Family Members in the Occurrence and Development of Malignant Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752426. [PMID: 34778263 PMCID: PMC8586211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) proteins, which include STEAP1-4 and atypical STEAP1B, contain six transmembrane domains and are located in the cell membrane. STEAPs are considered archaeal metal oxidoreductases, based on their heme groups and F420H2:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNO)-like structures, and play an important role in cell metal metabolism. Interestingly, STEAPs not only participate in biological processes, such as molecular transport, cell cycling, immune response, and intracellular and extracellular activities, but also are closely related to the occurrence and development of several diseases, especially malignant tumors. Up to now, the expression patterns of STEAPs have been found to be diverse in different types of tumors, with controversial participation in different aspects of malignancy, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and therapeutic resistance. It is clinically important to explore the potential roles of STEAPs as new immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of different malignant tumors. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanism and function of STEAPs in the occurrence and development of different cancers in order to understand the role of STEAPs in cancer and provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chun-Lan Li
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yi-Ke Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Ting Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Liu,
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28
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Park JE, Jeong YJ, Kim HY, Yoo YH, Lee KS, Yang WT, Kim DH, Kim JM. Hepatic Steatosis Alleviated in Diabetic Mice upon Dietary Exposure to Fibroin via Transgenic Rice: Potential STAMP2 Involvement in Hepatocytes. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:231-239. [PMID: 33110955 PMCID: PMC7576964 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many benefits of silk protein fibroin (SPF) have been suggested in biomedical
applications; and notably, significant SPF effects have been observed for
metabolic syndromes that are directly linked to insulin resistance, such as type
2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on our previous findings, we believe that SPF
from spiders exhibits outstanding glucose-lowering effects in diabetic
BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb mice. In order to evaluate the
dietary effects of SPF in diabetic animals, we generated several lines of
transgenic rice (TR) that expresses SPF, and the feeding of TR-SPF to diabetic
animals decreased blood glucose levels, but did not change insulin levels.
Western blot analyses of hepatic proteins showed that AMP-activated protein
kinase (AMPK) expression and phosphorylation both decreased in TR-SPF-fed
groups, compared with controls. This finding suggests that the glucose-lowering
effects in this diabetic animal model might be AMPK-independent. In contrast,
six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) was upregulated after TR-SPF
exposure. Together with STAMP2, the Akt protein phosphorylation increased after
TR-SPF exposure, which indicates that STAMP2 leads to Akt phosphorylation and
thus increases insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes. Importantly, the hepatic
steatosis that was seen in the liver of diabetic mice was remarkably alleviated
in TR-SPF-fed mice. Hepatocytes that were immunopositive for STAMP2 were
overwhelmingly observed in hepatic tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice compared to the
control. Taken together, these results suggest that feeding diabetic mice with
TR-SPF upregulates STAMP2 expression and increases Akt phosphorylation in
hepatic tissues and thus potentially alleviates insulin resistance and hepatic
steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Park
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Jeong
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Won Tae Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Doh Hoon Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
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Oosterheert W, Gros P. Cryo-electron microscopy structure and potential enzymatic function of human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9502-9512. [PMID: 32409586 PMCID: PMC7363144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) is an integral membrane protein that is highly up-regulated on the cell surface of several human cancers, making it a promising therapeutic target to manage these diseases. It shares sequence homology with three enzymes (STEAP2–STEAP4) that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of iron(III). However, STEAP1 lacks an intracellular NADPH-binding domain and does not exhibit cellular ferric reductase activity. Thus, both the molecular function of STEAP1 and its role in cancer progression remain elusive. Here, we present a ∼3.0-Å cryo-EM structure of trimeric human STEAP1 bound to three antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of the clinically used antibody mAb120.545. The structure revealed that STEAP1 adopts a reductase-like conformation and interacts with the Fabs through its extracellular helices. Enzymatic assays in human cells revealed that STEAP1 promotes iron(III) reduction when fused to the intracellular NADPH-binding domain of its family member STEAP4, suggesting that STEAP1 functions as a ferric reductase in STEAP heterotrimers. Our work provides a foundation for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of STEAP1 and may be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies to target STEAP1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Oosterheert
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Czerwińska M, Bilewicz A, Kruszewski M, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Lankoff A. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Prostate Cancer-From Basic Research to Clinical Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:E1743. [PMID: 32290196 PMCID: PMC7181060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Western civilization. Although localized prostate cancer can be treated effectively in different ways, almost all patients progress to the incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Due to the significant mortality and morbidity rate associated with the progression of this disease, there is an urgent need for new and targeted treatments. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in research on identification of prostate tissue-specific antigens for targeted therapy, generation of highly specific and selective molecules targeting these antigens, availability of therapeutic radionuclides for widespread medical applications, and recent achievements in the development of new-generation small-molecule inhibitors and antibody-based strategies for targeted prostate cancer therapy with alpha-, beta-, and Auger electron-emitting radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Czerwińska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 24-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 24-406 Kielce, Poland;
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Wu HT, Chen WJ, Xu Y, Shen JX, Chen WT, Liu J. The Tumor Suppressive Roles and Prognostic Values of STEAP Family Members in Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9578484. [PMID: 32802887 PMCID: PMC7421016 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9578484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression patterns and prognostic values of STEAP family members in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Human Protein Atlas was used to analyze the expression level of STEAPs in human normal tissues and malignant tumors. ONCOMINE datasets were analyzed for the comparison of the STEAPs levels between malignant cancers and corresponding normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze the prognostic value of STEAPs in breast cancer patients. RESULTS STEAPs were widely distributed in human normal tissues with diverse levels. Normally, it is predicted that STEAP1 and STEAP2 were involved in the mineral absorption process, while STEAP3 participated in the TP53 signaling pathway and iron apoptosis. The results from ONCOMINE showed downregulation of STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 in breast cancers. Survival analysis revealed that breast cancer patients with high levels of STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 had a good prognosis, while those with low expression had high overall mortality. CONCLUSION STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 are predicted to be the potential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients, providing novel therapeutic strategies for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wen-Tian Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Yang Q, Ji G, Li J. STEAP2 is down-regulated in breast cancer tissue and suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling and breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 21:278-291. [PMID: 31696760 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1685290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 2 (STEAP2) protein was identified in advanced prostate cancer, and is highly over-expressed in various types of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value and the function of STEAP2 in breast cancer. STEAP2 mRNA and protein expressions in breast normal and cancer tissues, breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, BT-549, BT-474, MDA-MB-361, HCC1937, and MDA-MB-468) and normal mammary epithelial cell lines (HBL-100 and MCF-10A) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, real time RT-qPCR and western blotting. The expression of STEAP2 in breast cancer tissues and its value of evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer patients was validated in the Public Databases (Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter database). Lentiviral vectors with STEAP2 cDNA and shRNA were constructed and used to infect breast cancer cell lines and normal mammary epithelial cell line to investigate the effects of STEAP2 up- and down- regulation on the biological behavior of breast cells. The low expression of STEAP2 was detected in breast cancer tissues, which was associated with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of breast cancer. The public databases analyses were consistent with our findings. STEAP2 up-regulation hindered cellular proliferation, invasion and metastasis abilities by inhibiting EMT process and suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. On the other hand, STEAP2 down-regulation could promote cell proliferation and invasion by inducing EMT and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Collectively, STEAP2 acted as an anti-oncogene in breast cancer development, which suggested a new research objective for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxin Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yan D, Dong W, He Q, Yang M, Huang L, Kong J, Qin H, Lin T, Huang J. Circular RNA circPICALM sponges miR-1265 to inhibit bladder cancer metastasis and influence FAK phosphorylation. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:316-331. [PMID: 31648990 PMCID: PMC6838432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is a major obstacle in the treatment of bladder cancer (BC). Circular RNAs exert various functions in the aggressive biological behaviour of cancers. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how circPICALM influences BC metastasis. Methods The expression of circPICALM was analysed by real-time PCR. The tumourigenic properties of BC cells were evaluated using in vitro migration, invasion, and wound healing assays and an in vivo footpad model. The interaction between circPICALM and miR-1265 was confirmed by pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays and biotin-labelled miRNA capture. The interaction of STEAP4 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Findings CircPICALM was downregulated in BC tissues, and low circPICALM expression was related to advanced T stage, high grade, lymph node positivity and poor overall survival. Overexpression of circPICALM inhibited the metastasis of BC cells, and DHX9 negatively regulated circPICALM levels. CircPICALM colocalized with miR-1265 and acted as a sponge for this miRNA, and the pro-invasion effect of miR-1265 was abolished by circPICALM overexpression. STEAP4, a target of miR-1265, suppressed metastasis; it bound to FAK to prevent autophosphorylation at Y397 and influenced EMT in BC cells. Interpretation CircPICALM can inhibit BC metastasis and bind to miR-1265 to block its pro-invasion activity. STEAP4 is a target of miR-1265 and is related to FAK phosphorylation and EMT. Fund This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81772728, National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81772719, National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81572514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haide Qin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Utilisation of the STEAP protein family in a diagnostic setting may provide a more comprehensive prognosis of prostate cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220456. [PMID: 31393902 PMCID: PMC6687176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide; however, few patients are affected by clinically significant disease within their lifetime. Unfortunately, the means to discriminate between patients with indolent disease and those who progress to aggressive prostate cancer is currently unavailable, resulting in over-treatment of patients. We therefore aimed to determine biomarkers of prostate cancer that can be used in the clinic to aid the diagnosis and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out on prostate cancer specimens with a range of Gleason scores. Samples were stained and analysed for intensity of the Seven Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP)-1, -2, -3, -4 and the Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) proteins to determine suitable biomarkers for classification of patients likely to develop aggressive prostate cancer. Additionally, these proteins were also analysed to determine whether any would be able to predict future relapse using Kaplan Meier analysis. Data generated demonstrated that the protein expression levels of STEAP2 correlated significantly with Gleason score; furthermore, STEAP4 was a significant predictor of relapse. This data indicates that STEAP2 could be potential prognostic candidate for use in combination with the current prostate cancer detection methods and the presence of STEAP4 could be an indicator of possible relapse.
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Sun J, Ji G, Xie J, Jiao Z, Zhang H, Chen J. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 is associated with tumor invasion and migration in endometrial carcinomas. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11172-11189. [PMID: 30714206 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1), a member of the STEAP family, is a general tumor antigen. However, no information has been available to date regarding the function of STEAP1 in the progression of endometrial carcinoma. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo strategies to prove that STEAP1 plays an important role in the progression of endometrial carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of STEAP1 in normal endometrial cells and endometrial cancer cell lines. The progression of the cell cycle, plate clone formation assay, and transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to examine the effects of STEAP1 on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and their invasive capacity. In addition, we confirmed that STEAP1 was tightly correlated with the development of tumor in vivo. The relationship between epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and STEAP1 expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) zymography assay was used to detect the activities of MMP2 and MMP9. STEAP1 was restrictively expressed in endometrial carcinoma and downregulation of the STEAP1 gene increased proliferation and clonogenicity, as well as promoted cell migration, invasion, and the progress of EMT. STEAP1 is downregulated in endometrial carcinoma and can restrict migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells. Overall, STEAP1 may be an ideal target for tumor therapy and diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Sun
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxin Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi Jiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haozheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Gurram B, Li M, Fan J, Wang J, Peng X. Near-infrared fluorescent probe for fast track of cyclooxygenase-2 in Golgi apparatus in cancer cells. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Morelli A, Filippi S, Comeglio P, Sarchielli E, Cellai I, Pallecchi M, Bartolucci G, Danza G, Rastrelli G, Corno C, Guarnieri G, Fuochi E, Vignozzi L, Maggi M. Physical activity counteracts metabolic syndrome-induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in the rabbit. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E519-E535. [PMID: 30645174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) clusters cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors along with hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction. Lifestyle modifications including physical exercise (PhyEx) are well-known treatments for this condition. In this study, we analyzed the effect of PhyEx on hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and erectile function by use of an animal MetS model, previously established in rabbits fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Rabbits fed a regular diet (RD) were used as controls. A subset of both groups was trained on a treadmill. HFD rabbits showed typical MetS features, including HG (reduced T and LH) and impairment of erectile function. PhyEx in HFD rabbits completely restored plasma T and LH and the penile alterations. At testicular and hypothalamic levels, an HFD-induced inflammatory status was accompanied by reduced T synthesis and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunopositivity, respectively. In the testis, PhyEx normalized HFD-related macrophage infiltration and increased the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and T synthesis. In the hypothalamus, PhyEx normalized HFD-induced gene expression changes related to inflammation and glucose metabolism, restored GnRH expression, particularly doubling mRNA levels, and regulated expression of molecules related to GnRH release (kisspeptin, dynorphin). Concerning MetS components, PhyEx significantly reduced circulating cholesterol and visceral fat. In multivariate analyses, cholesterol levels resulted as the main factor associated with MetS-related alterations in penile, testicular, and hypothalamic districts. In conclusion, our results show that PhyEx may rescue erectile function, exert anti-inflammatory effects on hypothalamus and testis, and increase LH levels and T production, thus supporting a primary role for lifestyle modification to combat MetS-associated hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Ilaria Cellai
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giulia Rastrelli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Chiara Corno
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Elisa Fuochi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi , Rome , Italy
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Vela D. Iron Metabolism in Prostate Cancer; From Basic Science to New Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:547. [PMID: 30538952 PMCID: PMC6277552 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of research has recently strengthened the case for the existence of iron dysmetabolism in prostate cancer. It is characterized with a wide array of differential expression of iron-related proteins compared to normal cells. These proteins control iron entry, cellular iron distribution but also iron exit from prostate cells. Iron dysmetabolism is not an exclusive feature of prostate cancer cells, but it is observed in other cells of the tumor microenvironment. Disrupting the machinery that secures iron for prostate cancer cells can retard tumor growth and its invasive potential. This review unveils the current understanding of the ways that prostate cancer cells secure iron in the tumor milieu and how can we exploit this knowledge for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Oh YJ, Kim HY, Lee MH, Suh SH, Choi Y, Nam TG, Kwon WY, Lee SY, Yoo YH. Cilostazol Improves HFD-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Upregulating Hepatic STAMP2 Expression through AMPK. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1401-1411. [PMID: 30366981 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly studied condition that can progress to end-stage liver disease. Although NAFLD was first described in 1980, a complete understanding of the mechanism and causes of this disease is still lacking. Six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) plays a role in integrating inflammatory and nutritional signals with metabolism. Our previous study suggested that STAMP2 may be a suitable target for treating NAFLD. In the current study, we performed a focused drug-screening and found that cilostazol could be a potential STAMP2 enhancer. Thus, we examined whether cilostazol alleviates NAFLD through STAMP2. The in vivo and in vitro pharmacological efficacies of cilostazol on STAMP2 expression and lipid accumulation were analyzed in NAFLD mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and in HepG2 cell lines treated by oleic acid (OA), respectively. Cilostazol increased the expression of STAMP2 through transcriptional regulation in vivo and in vitro. Cilostazol also dampened the STAMP2 downregulation caused by the HFD and by OA in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Cilostazol activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vivo and in vitro, and AMPK functions upstream of STAMP2, and reversed downregulation of STAMP2 expression through AMPK in the NAFLD model. Cilostazol ameliorates hepatic steatosis by enhancing hepatic STAMP2 expression through AMPK. Enhancing STAMP2 expression with cilostazol represents a potential therapeutic avenue for treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Oh
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Mi Hwa Lee
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Sung Hwan Suh
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Yongmun Choi
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Woo Young Kwon
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Sang Yeob Lee
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.J.O., H.Y.K., M.H.L., W.Y.K., Y.H.Y.), Endocrinology Medicine (S.H.S.), and Rheumatology (S.Y.L.), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea (Y.C.); and Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea (T.-G.N.)
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Lee HW, Lee SM, Lee MH, Son YK, Kim SE, An WS. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on STAMP2 Expression in the Heart and Kidney of 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Model. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110398. [PMID: 30360481 PMCID: PMC6267584 DOI: 10.3390/md16110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is a critical modulator of inflammation and metabolism in adipose tissue. There are no data on the expression of STAMP2 in chronic kidney disease, which is an inflammatory disease related to metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate STAMP2 expression in the kidney and heart in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) rats, and the effect of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) on STAMP2 expression. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham control (0.9% saline), 5/6 Nx (0.9% saline), and 5/6 Nx treated with omega-3 FA (300 mg per kg per day by gastric gavage). The expression of STAMP2 in the kidney and heart were examined by western blotting. Serum creatinine levels were higher in 5/6 Nx rats than in controls. Compared with sham controls, the expression of IκB, NF-κB, NOX4, SREBP-1, and LXR were upregulated and STAMP2 and phosphorylated-AMPK expression were downregulated in the kidney and heart of 5/6 Nx rats. Omega-3 FA supplementation prevented these changes in biomarkers related to inflammation and metabolic lipid disorders. Omega 3-FA supplementation induced the upregulation of STAMP2 protein in 5/6 Nx rats, which was associated with an attenuation of inflammation- and metabolic disease-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Su Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Mi Hwa Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Young Ki Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.
| | - Won Suk An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.
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Oosterheert W, van Bezouwen LS, Rodenburg RNP, Granneman J, Förster F, Mattevi A, Gros P. Cryo-EM structures of human STEAP4 reveal mechanism of iron(III) reduction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4337. [PMID: 30337524 PMCID: PMC6194020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) family reduce Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions to facilitate metal-ion uptake by mammalian cells. STEAPs are highly upregulated in several types of cancer, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, the structural basis for STEAP-catalyzed electron transfer through an array of cofactors to metals at the membrane luminal side remains elusive. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human STEAP4 in absence and presence of Fe3+-NTA. Domain-swapped, trimeric STEAP4 orients NADPH bound to a cytosolic domain onto axially aligned flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a single b-type heme that cross the transmembrane-domain to enable electron transfer. Substrate binding within a positively charged ring indicates that iron gets reduced while in complex with its chelator. These molecular principles of iron reduction provide a basis for exploring STEAPs as therapeutic targets. Enzymes of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) family reduce Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions to facilitate metal-ion uptake by mammalian cells. Here, authors employ single-particle cryo-EM to gain insights into the molecular principles of iron reduction by human STEAP4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Oosterheert
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S van Bezouwen
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco N P Rodenburg
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Granneman
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hasegawa H, Li C, Alba BM, Penny DM, Xia Z, Dayao MR, Li P, Zhang J, Zhou J, Lim D, Murawsky CM, Lim AC. Membrane cholesterol modulates STEAP2 conformation during dynamic intracellular trafficking processes leading to broad subcellular distribution. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:208-226. [PMID: 29940176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STEAP2 is a member of the Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) protein family that is proposed to function as metalloreductase. While STEAP2 shows a complex subcellular distribution pattern localizing to both secretory and endocytic pathway organelles, how such broad steady-state distribution is maintained is unknown. Similarly, whether STEAP2 undergoes any compartment-specific modulation during intracellular trafficking has not been reported. Leveraging a newly-identified monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformation-sensitive epitope nested in the second extracellular loop of STEAP2, we demonstrate that the epitope formation was dependent on the cholesterol content of the membrane in which STEAP2 was embedded. Monitoring the STEAP2-dependent internalization of this antibody uncovered STEAP2's rapid internalization from the cell surface and their subsequence trafficking to the Golgi region and endosome-like puncta. Acute inhibition of endocytosis also increased the detectable amount of STEAP2 at the plasma membrane. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that an intricate balance of membrane flux between the secretory and endocytic pathways underlies the characteristic broad subcellular localization of STEAP2. By using a cell-based assay that detects the metalloreductase functions of cell surface-localizing STEAP4, STEAP2's metalloreductase activities were not detectable, suggesting that its enzymatic function is suppressed at the plasma membrane. The conformational modulation of STEAP2 by the local membrane cholesterol content can therefore serve as a potential mechanism to modulate STEAP2 function in a compartment-restricted manner, by coupling a pre-existing difference in cholesterol content among different cellular membranes to a dynamic trafficking process leading to broad subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Hasegawa
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - David M Penny
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhen Xia
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Maria Rosalyn Dayao
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Desiree Lim
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ai Ching Lim
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Ebe H, Matsumoto I, Osada A, Kurata I, Kawaguchi H, Kondo Y, Tsuboi H, Sumida T. Splice variant of STEAP4 localizes in the nucleus, making it a possible transcriptional regulator of IL-6 production. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:714-716. [PMID: 29860907 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1484415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ebe
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Atsumu Osada
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Izumi Kurata
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Hoshimi Kawaguchi
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
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Quantitative proteomics identifies STEAP4 as a critical regulator of mitochondrial dysfunction linking inflammation and colon cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9608-E9617. [PMID: 29078383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712946114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Hypoxia is a feature of IBD and modulates cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. However, the role of hypoxic metabolism in IBD is unclear. Because mitochondrial dysfunction is an early hallmark of hypoxia and inflammation, an unbiased proteomics approach was used to assess the mitochondria in a mouse model of colitis. Through this analysis, we identified a ferrireductase: six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) was highly induced in mouse models of colitis and in IBD patients. STEAP4 was regulated in a hypoxia-dependent manner that led to a dysregulation in mitochondrial iron balance, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, and increased susceptibility to mouse models of colitis. Mitochondrial iron chelation therapy improved colitis and demonstrated an essential role of mitochondrial iron dysregulation in the pathogenesis of IBD. To address if mitochondrial iron dysregulation is a key mechanism by which inflammation impacts colon tumorigenesis, STEAP4 expression, function, and mitochondrial iron chelation were assessed in a colitis-associated colon cancer model (CAC). STEAP4 was increased in human CRC and predicted poor prognosis. STEAP4 and mitochondrial iron increased tumor number and burden in a CAC model. These studies demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial iron homeostasis in IBD and CRC.
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45
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Scarl RT, Lawrence CM, Gordon HM, Nunemaker CS. STEAP4: its emerging role in metabolism and homeostasis of cellular iron and copper. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R123-R134. [PMID: 28576871 PMCID: PMC6166870 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preserving energy homeostasis in the presence of stressors such as proinflammatory cytokines and nutrient overload is crucial to maintaining normal cellular function. Six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4), a metalloreductase involved in iron and copper homeostasis, is thought to play a potentially important role in the cellular response to inflammatory stress. Genome-wide association studies have linked various mutations in STEAP4 with the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Several studies have shown that expression of Steap4 is modulated by inflammatory cytokines, hormones and other indicators of cellular stress and that STEAP4 may protect cells from damage, helping to maintain normal metabolic function. STEAP4 appears to be particularly relevant in metabolically oriented cells, such as adipocytes, hepatocytes and pancreatic islet cells. These cells struggle to maintain their function in iron or copper overloaded states, presumably due to increased oxidative stress, suggesting STEAP4's role in metal homeostasis is critical to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in general, and in preventing the onset of metabolic disease. In this review, we explore genetic associations of STEAP4 with metabolic disorders, and we examine STEAP4 tissue expression, subcellular localization, regulation, structure and function as it relates to metabolic diseases. We then examine how STEAP4's role as a regulator of cellular iron and copper may relate to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T Scarl
- Diabetes InstituteHeritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - C Martin Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Hannah M Gordon
- Diabetes InstituteHeritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Diabetes InstituteHeritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHeritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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46
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Gordon HM, Majithia N, MacDonald PE, Fox JEM, Sharma PR, Byrne FL, Hoehn KL, Evans-Molina C, Langman L, Brayman KL, Nunemaker CS. STEAP4 expression in human islets is associated with differences in body mass index, sex, HbA1c, and inflammation. Endocrine 2017; 56:528-537. [PMID: 28405880 PMCID: PMC6166871 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE STEAP4 (six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4) is a metalloreductase that has been shown previously to protect cells from inflammatory damage. Genetic variants in STEAP4 have been associated with numerous metabolic disorders related to obesity, including putative defects in the acute insulin response to glucose in type 2 diabetes. PURPOSE We examined whether obesity and/or type 2 diabetes altered STEAP4 expression in human pancreatic islets. METHODS Human islets were isolated from deceased donors at two medical centers and processed for quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Organ donors were selected by status as non-diabetic or having type 2 diabetes. Site 1 (Edmonton): N = 13 type 2 diabetes donors (7M, 6F), N = 20 non-diabetic donors (7M, 13F). Site 2 (Virginia): N = 6 type 2 diabetes donors (6F), N = 6 non-diabetic donors (3M, 3F). RESULTS STEAP4 showed reduced islet expression with increasing body mass index among all donors (P < 0.10) and non-diabetic donors (P < 0.05) from Site 1; STEAP4 showed reduced islet expression among type 2 diabetes donors with increasing hemoglobin A1c. Islet STEAP4 expression was also marginally higher in female donors (P < 0.10). Among type 2 diabetes donors from Site 2, islet insulin expression was reduced, STEAP4 expression was increased, and white blood cell counts were increased compared to non-diabetic donors. Islets from non-diabetic donors that were exposed overnight to 5 ng/ml IL-1β displayed increased STEAP4 expression, consistent with STEAP4 upregulation by inflammatory signaling. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased STEAP4 mRNA expression is associated with inflammatory stimuli, whereas lower STEAP4 expression is associated with obesity in human islets. Given its putative protective role, downregulation of STEAP4 by chronic obesity suggests a mechanism for reduced islet protection against cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Gordon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Neil Majithia
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Poonam R Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Linda Langman
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Brayman
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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47
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Wang C, Zhang CJ, Martin BN, Bulek K, Kang Z, Zhao J, Bian G, Carman JA, Gao J, Dongre A, Xue H, Miller SD, Qian Y, Hambardzumyan D, Hamilton T, Ransohoff RM, Li X. IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15508. [PMID: 28561022 PMCID: PMC5460031 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 signalling contributes to defective remyelination by impairing differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here we report that IL-17 stimulation induces NOTCH1 activation in OPCs, contributing to Th17-mediated demyelinating disease. Mechanistically, IL-17R interacts with NOTCH1 via the extracellular domain, which facilitates the cleavage of NOTHC1 intracellular domain (NICD1). IL-17-induced NOTCH1 activation results in the interaction of IL-17R adaptor Act1 with NICD1, followed by the translocation of the Act1-NICD1 complex into the nucleus. Act1-NICD1 are recruited to the promoters of several NOTCH1 target genes (including STEAP4, a metalloreductase important for inflammation and cell proliferation) that are specifically induced in the spinal cord by Th17 cells. A decoy peptide disrupting the IL-17RA-NOTCH1 interaction inhibits IL-17-induced NOTCH1 activation and attenuates Th17-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Taken together, these findings demonstrate critical crosstalk between the IL-17 and NOTCH1 pathway, regulating Th17-induced inflammatory and proliferative genes to promote demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bradley N. Martin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University of School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Rd, Huangpu, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Guanglin Bian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Julie A. Carman
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Ji Gao
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Ashok Dongre
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Haibo Xue
- The Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital. Binzhou City, Shandong Province 256603, China
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Youcun Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University. 201 Dowman Drive. Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
| | - Tom Hamilton
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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48
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Lindstad T, Qu S, Sikkeland J, Jin Y, Kristian A, Mælandsmo GM, Collas P, Saatcioglu F. STAMP2 is required for human adipose-derived stem cell differentiation and adipocyte-facilitated prostate cancer growth in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 8:91817-91827. [PMID: 29190878 PMCID: PMC5696144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Six Transmembrane Protein of Prostate 2 (STAMP2) has been implicated in both prostate cancer (PCa) and metabolic disease. STAMP2 has unique anti-inflammatory and pro-metabolic properties in mouse adipose tissue, but there is limited information on its role in human metabolic tissues. Using human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), we report that STAMP2 expression is dramatically upregulated during adipogenesis. shRNA-mediated STAMP2 knockdown in ASCs significantly suppresses adipogenesis and interferes with optimal expression of adipogenic genes and adipocyte metabolic function. Furthermore, ASC-derived adipocyte-mediated stimulation of prostate tumor growth in nude mice is significantly reduced upon STAMP2 knockdown in ASC adipocytes. These results suggest that STAMP2 is crucial for normal ASC conversion into adipocytes and their metabolic function, as well as their ability to facilitate PCa growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su Qu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Sikkeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandr Kristian
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Abstract
Optimal iron nutrition in utero is essential for development of the fetus and helps establish birth iron stores adequate to sustain growth in early infancy. In species with hemochorial placentas, such as humans and rodents, iron in the maternal circulation is transferred to the fetus by directly contacting placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Early kinetic studies provided valuable data on the initial uptake of maternal transferrin, an iron-binding protein, by the placenta. However, the remaining steps of iron trafficking across syncytiotrophoblasts and through the fetal endothelium into the fetal blood remain poorly characterized. Over the last 20 years, identification of transmembrane iron transporters and the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin has greatly expanded the knowledge of cellular iron transport and its regulation by systemic iron status. In addition, emerging human and animal data demonstrating comprised fetal iron stores in severe maternal iron deficiency challenge the classic dogma of exclusive fetal control over the transfer process and indicate that maternal and local signals may play a role in regulating this process. This review compiles current data on the kinetic, molecular, and regulatory aspects of placental iron transport and considers new questions and knowledge gaps raised by these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cao
- C. Cao and M.D. Fleming are with the Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- C. Cao and M.D. Fleming are with the Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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50
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Sikkeland J, Sheng X, Jin Y, Saatcioglu F. STAMPing at the crossroads of normal physiology and disease states. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 425:26-36. [PMID: 26911931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The six transmembrane protein of prostate (STAMP) proteins, also known as six transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAPs), comprises three members: STAMP1-3. Their expression is regulated by a variety of stimuli, including hormones and cytokines, in varied settings and tissues with important roles in secretion and cell differentiation. In addition, they are implicated in metabolic and inflammatory diseases and cancer. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of STAMPs in both physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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