1
|
Ai H, Tong Z, Deng Z, Shi Q, Tao S, Sun G, Liang J, Sun M, Wu X, Zheng Q, Liang L, Yin H, Li JB, Gao S, Tian C, Liu L, Pan M. Mechanism of nucleosomal H2A K13/15 monoubiquitination and adjacent dual monoubiquitination by RNF168. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01750-x. [PMID: 39394267 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
The DNA damage repair regulatory protein RNF168, a monomeric RING-type E3 ligase, has a crucial role in regulating cell fate and DNA repair by specific and efficient ubiquitination of the adjacent K13 and K15 (K13/15) sites at the H2A N-terminal tail. However, understanding how RNF168 coordinates with its cognate E2 enzyme UbcH5c to site-specifically ubiquitinate H2A K13/15 has long been hampered by the lack of high-resolution structures of RNF168 and UbcH5c~Ub (ubiquitin) in complex with nucleosomes. Here we developed chemical strategies and determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the RNF168-UbcH5c~Ub-nucleosome complex captured in transient H2A K13/15 monoubiquitination and adjacent dual monoubiquitination reactions, providing a 'helix-anchoring' mode for monomeric E3 ligase RNF168 on nucleosome in contrast to the 'compass-binding' mode of dimeric E3 ligases. Our work not only provides structural snapshots of H2A K13/15 site-specific monoubiquitination and adjacent dual monoubiquitination but also offers a near-atomic-resolution structural framework for understanding pathogenic amino acid substitutions and physiological modifications of RNF168.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Ai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zebin Tong
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Deng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixian Tao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoge Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Liang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maoshen Sun
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Zheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujun Liang
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Man Pan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reyes-Ábalos AL, Álvarez-Zabaleta M, Olivera-Bravo S, Di Tomaso MV. Acute Genetic Damage Induced by Ethanol and Corticosterone Seems to Modulate Hippocampal Astrocyte Signaling. Int J Cell Biol 2024; 2024:5524487. [PMID: 38439918 PMCID: PMC10911912 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5524487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes maintain CNS homeostasis but also critically contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Such functional diversity implies an extensive signaling repertoire including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanotubes (NTs) that could be involved in protection or damage, as widely shown in various experimental paradigms. However, there is no information associating primary damage to the astrocyte genome, the DNA damage response (DDR), and the EV and NT repertoire. Furthermore, similar studies were not performed on hippocampal astrocytes despite their involvement in memory and learning processes, as well as in the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction. By exposing murine hippocampal astrocytes to 400 mM ethanol (EtOH) and/or 1 μM corticosterone (CTS) for 1 h, we tested whether the induced DNA damage and DDR could elicit significant changes in NTs and surface-attached EVs. Genetic damage and initial DDR were assessed by immunolabeling against the phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γH2AX), DDR-dependent apoptosis by BAX immunoreactivity, and astrocyte activation by the glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) and phalloidin staining. Surface-attached EVs and NTs were examined via scanning electron microscopy, and labeled proteins were analyzed via confocal microscopy. Relative to controls, astrocytes exposed to EtOH, CTS, or EtOH+CTS showed significant increases in nuclear γlH2AX foci, nuclear and cytoplasmic BAX signals, and EV frequency at the expense of the NT amount, mainly upon EtOH, without detectable signs of morphological reactivity. Furthermore, the largest and most complex EVs originated only in DNA-damaged astrocytes. Obtained results revealed that astrocytes exposed to acute EtOH and/or CTS preserved their typical morphology but presented severe DNA damage, triggered canonical DDR pathways, and early changes in the cell signaling mediated by EVs and NTs. Further deepening of this initial morphological and quantitative analysis is necessary to identify the mechanistic links between genetic damage, DDR, cell-cell communication, and their possible impact on hippocampal neural cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Reyes-Ábalos
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Álvarez-Zabaleta
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Olivera-Bravo
- Departamento de Neurobiología y Neuropatología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Vittoria Di Tomaso
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable-Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reyes-Ábalos AL, Álvarez-Zabaleta M, Olivera-Bravo S, Di Tomaso MV. Astrocyte DNA damage and response upon acute exposure to ethanol and corticosterone. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1277047. [PMID: 38259729 PMCID: PMC10800529 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1277047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Astrocytes are the glial cells responsible for brain homeostasis, but if injured, they could damage neural cells even deadly. Genetic damage, DNA damage response (DDR), and its downstream cascades are dramatic events poorly studied in astrocytes. Hypothesis and methods: We propose that 1 h of 400 mmol/L ethanol and/or 1 μmol/L corticosterone exposure of cultured hippocampal astrocytes damages DNA, activating the DDR and eliciting functional changes. Immunolabeling against γH2AX (chromatin DNA damage sites), cyclin D1 (cell cycle control), nuclear (base excision repair, BER), and cytoplasmic (anti-inflammatory functions) APE1, ribosomal nucleolus proteins together with GFAP and S100β plus scanning electron microscopy studies of the astrocyte surface were carried out. Results: Data obtained indicate significant DNA damage, immediate cell cycle arrest, and BER activation. Changes in the cytoplasmic signals of cyclin D1 and APE1, nucleolus number, and membrane-attached vesicles strongly suggest a reactivity like astrocyte response without significant morphological changes. Discussion: Obtained results uncover astrocyte genome immediate vulnerability and DDR activation, plus a functional response that might in part, be signaled through extracellular vesicles, evidencing the complex influence that astrocytes may have on the CNS even upon short-term aggressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Reyes-Ábalos
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Álvarez-Zabaleta
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - María Vittoria Di Tomaso
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Apaydin T, Zonis S, Zhou C, Valencia CW, Barrett R, Strous GJ, Mol JA, Chesnokova V, Melmed S. WIP1 is a novel specific target for growth hormone action. iScience 2023; 26:108117. [PMID: 37876819 PMCID: PMC10590974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) is mediated by phosphorylating effectors ATM kinase, CHK2, p53, and γH2AX. We showed earlier that GH suppresses DDR by suppressing pATM, resulting in DNA damage accumulation. Here, we show GH acting through GH receptor (GHR) inducing wild-type p53-inducible phosphatase 1 (WIP1), which dephosphorylated ATM and its effectors in normal human colon cells and three-dimensional human intestinal organoids. Mice bearing GH-secreting xenografts exhibited induced colon WIP1 with suppressed pATM and γH2AX. WIP1 was also induced in buffy coats derived from patients with elevated GH from somatotroph adenomas. In contrast, decreased colon WIP1 was observed in GHR-/- mice. WIP1 inhibition restored ATM phosphorylation and reversed GH-induced DNA damage. We elucidated a novel GH signaling pathway activating Src/AMPK to trigger HIPK2 nuclear-cytoplasmic relocation and suppressing WIP1 ubiquitination. Concordantly, blocking either AMPK or Src abolished GH-induced WIP1. We identify WIP1 as a specific target for GH-mediated epithelial DNA damage accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Apaydin
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Svetlana Zonis
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cuiqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Wong Valencia
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Barrett
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ger J. Strous
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Chesnokova
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andrés CMC, de la Lastra JMP, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. Chemical Insights into Oxidative and Nitrative Modifications of DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15240. [PMID: 37894920 PMCID: PMC10607741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on DNA damage caused by a variety of oxidizing, alkylating, and nitrating species, and it may play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, cancer, and degenerative diseases. Infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors in carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells, and result in the formation of oxidative and nitrative DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. Cellular DNA is continuously exposed to a very high level of genotoxic stress caused by physical, chemical, and biological agents, with an estimated 10,000 modifications occurring every hour in the genetic material of each of our cells. This review highlights recent developments in the chemical biology and toxicology of 2'-deoxyribose oxidation products in DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. AstrofísicoFco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Briguglio S, Cambria C, Albizzati E, Marcello E, Provenzano G, Frasca A, Antonucci F. New Views of the DNA Repair Protein Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated in Central Neurons: Contribution in Synaptic Dysfunctions of Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2181. [PMID: 37681912 PMCID: PMC10486624 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase principally known to orchestrate DNA repair processes upon DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Mutations in the Atm gene lead to Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT), a recessive disorder characterized by ataxic movements consequent to cerebellar atrophy or dysfunction, along with immune alterations, genomic instability, and predisposition to cancer. AT patients show variable phenotypes ranging from neurologic abnormalities and cognitive impairments to more recently described neuropsychiatric features pointing to symptoms hardly ascribable to the canonical functions of ATM in DNA damage response (DDR). Indeed, evidence suggests that cognitive abilities rely on the proper functioning of DSB machinery and specific synaptic changes in central neurons of ATM-deficient mice unveiled unexpected roles of ATM at the synapse. Thus, in the present review, upon a brief recall of DNA damage responses, we focus our attention on the role of ATM in neuronal physiology and pathology and we discuss recent findings showing structural and functional changes in hippocampal and cortical synapses of AT mouse models. Collectively, a deeper knowledge of ATM-dependent mechanisms in neurons is necessary not only for a better comprehension of AT neurological phenotypes, but also for a higher understanding of the pathological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders involving ATM dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Briguglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Clara Cambria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Elena Albizzati
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38068 Trento, TN, Italy;
| | - Angelisa Frasca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye T, Lin A, Qiu Z, Hu S, Zhou C, Liu Z, Cheng Q, Zhang J, Luo P. Microsatellite instability states serve as predictive biomarkers for tumors chemotherapy sensitivity. iScience 2023; 26:107045. [PMID: 37448561 PMCID: PMC10336167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for markers to predict the efficacy of different chemotherapy drugs. Herein, we examined whether microsatellite instability (MSI) status can predict tumor multidrug sensitivity and explored the underlying mechanisms. We downloaded data from several public databases. Drug sensitivity was compared between the high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and microsatellite-stable/low microsatellite instability (MSS/MSI-L) groups. In addition, we performed pathway enrichment analysis and cellular chemosensitivity assays to explore the mechanisms by which MSI status may affect drug sensitivity and assessed the differences between drug-treated and control cell lines. We found that multiple MSI-H tumors were more sensitive to a variety of chemotherapy drugs than MSS/MSI-L tumors, and especially for CRC, chemosensitivity is enhanced through the downregulation of DDR pathways such as NHEJ. Additional DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs results in further downregulation of DDR pathways and enhances drug sensitivity, forming a cycle of increasing drug sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taojun Ye
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengang Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shulu Hu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dall'Agnese G, Dall'Agnese A, Banani SF, Codrich M, Malfatti MC, Antoniali G, Tell G. Role of condensates in modulating DNA repair pathways and its implication for chemoresistance. J Biol Chem 2023:104800. [PMID: 37164156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For cells, it is important to repair DNA damage, such as double strand and single strand DNA breaks, because unrepaired DNA can compromise genetic integrity, potentially leading to cell death or cancer. Cells have multiple DNA damage repair pathways that have been the subject of detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural studies. Recently, the scientific community has started to gain evidence that the repair of DNA double strand breaks may occur within biomolecular condensates and that condensates may also contribute to DNA damage through concentrating genotoxic agents used to treat various cancers. Here, we summarize key features of biomolecular condensates and note where they have been implicated in the repair of DNA double strand breaks. We also describe evidence suggesting that condensates may be involved in the repair of other types of DNA damage, including single strand DNA breaks, nucleotide modifications (e.g., mismatch and oxidized bases) and bulky lesions, among others. Finally, we discuss old and new mysteries that could now be addressed considering the properties of condensates, including chemoresistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dall'Agnese
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Salman F Banani
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marta Codrich
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shaikh N, Mazzagatti A, De Angelis S, Johnson SC, Bakker B, Spierings DCJ, Wardenaar R, Maniati E, Wang J, Boemo MA, Foijer F, McClelland SE. Replication stress generates distinctive landscapes of DNA copy number alterations and chromosome scale losses. Genome Biol 2022; 23:223. [PMID: 36266663 PMCID: PMC9583511 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major driver of cancer chromosomal instability is replication stress, the slowing or stalling of DNA replication. How replication stress and genomic instability are connected is not known. Aphidicolin-induced replication stress induces breakages at common fragile sites, but the exact causes of fragility are debated, and acute genomic consequences of replication stress are not fully explored. RESULTS We characterize DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) in single, diploid non-transformed cells, caused by one cell cycle in the presence of either aphidicolin or hydroxyurea. Multiple types of CNAs are generated, associated with different genomic regions and features, and observed copy number landscapes are distinct between aphidicolin and hydroxyurea-induced replication stress. Coupling cell type-specific analysis of CNAs to gene expression and single-cell replication timing analyses pinpointed the causative large genes of the most recurrent chromosome-scale CNAs in aphidicolin. These are clustered on chromosome 7 in RPE1 epithelial cells but chromosome 1 in BJ fibroblasts. Chromosome arm level CNAs also generate acentric lagging chromatin and micronuclei containing these chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal instability driven by replication stress occurs via focal CNAs and chromosome arm scale changes, with the latter confined to a very small subset of chromosome regions, potentially heavily skewing cancer genome evolution. Different inducers of replication stress lead to distinctive CNA landscapes providing the opportunity to derive copy number signatures of specific replication stress mechanisms. Single-cell CNA analysis thus reveals the impact of replication stress on the genome, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms which fuel chromosomal instability in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Shaikh
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alice Mazzagatti
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Simone De Angelis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah C Johnson
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
- Current address: The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michael A Boemo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah E McClelland
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li CC, Liu WX, Jiang S, Liu M, Luo X, Zhang CY. Construction of Bioluminescent Sensors for Label-Free, Template-Free, Separation-Free, and Sequence-Independent Detection of both Clustered and Isolated Damage in Genomic DNA. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14716-14724. [PMID: 36223141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by endogenous/exogenous factors may cause various diseases, and the genomic DNA damage has become an important biomarker for clinical diagnosis and risk assessment, but it remains a great challenge to accurately quantify both clustered and isolated damage because of their random locations, large diversity, and low abundance. Herein, we demonstrate the development of bioluminescent sensors for label-free, template-free, separation-free, and sequence-independent detection of both clustered and isolated damage in genomic DNA based on the base-excision repair (BER) pathway and terminal transferase (TdT)-initiated template-free isothermal cyclic amplification. The damaged bases are cleaved by DNA glycosylase to generate a new 3'-OH terminus, and subsequently, TdT catalyzes the repeated incorporation of dTTPs into the 3'-OH terminus to produce poly-T structures which can hybridize with the signal probe to form a poly-T sequence/signal probe duplex. Under the lambda exonuclease hydrolysis, a large number of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecules are produced to generate a high bioluminescence signal through the cyclic interconversion of AMP-adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-AMP in the presence of luciferin and firefly luciferase. Moreover, the introduction of APE1-induced cyclic cleavage signal amplification can greatly improve the detection sensitivity. The proposed strategy can detect both clustered and isolated damage in genomic DNA with extremely high sensitivity and excellent specificity, and it can even distinguish 0.001% DNA damage in the mixture. Importantly, it can detect the cellular DNA damage with a detection limit of 0.011 ng and further extend to measure various DNA damage with the integration of appropriate DNA repair enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wan-Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,Zichuan Experimental Middle School, Zibo 255100, China
| | - Su Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumari S, Sharma S, Advani D, Khosla A, Kumar P, Ambasta RK. Unboxing the molecular modalities of mutagens in cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62111-62159. [PMID: 34611806 PMCID: PMC8492102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes, including physical, chemical, and biological factors. DNA damage induced by such mutagens is the initial step in the process of carcinogenesis resulting in the accumulation of mutations. Mutational events are considered the major triggers for introducing genetic and epigenetic insults such as DNA crosslinks, single- and double-strand DNA breaks, formation of DNA adducts, mismatched bases, modification in histones, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations. However, DNA repair mechanisms are devoted to protect the DNA to ensure genetic stability, any aberrations in these calibrated mechanisms provoke cancer occurrence. Comprehensive knowledge of the type of mutagens and carcinogens and the influence of these agents in DNA damage and cancer induction is crucial to develop rational anticancer strategies. This review delineated the molecular mechanism of DNA damage and the repair pathways to provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. A relationship between DNA adduct formation and cancer incidence has also been summarized. The mechanistic basis of inflammatory response and oxidative damage triggered by mutagens in tumorigenesis has also been highlighted. We elucidated the interesting interplay between DNA damage response and immune system mechanisms. We addressed the current understanding of DNA repair targeted therapies and DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and discussed how antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents combined with traditional approaches lay the foundations for future cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Akanksha Khosla
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evidence of Sex Differences in Cellular Senescence. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:88-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Woll P, Gaunt P, Danson S, Steele N, Ahmed S, Mulatero C, Shah R, Bhosle J, Hodgkinson E, Watkins B, Billingham L. Olaparib as maintenance treatment in patients with chemosensitive small cell lung cancer (STOMP): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial. Lung Cancer 2022; 171:26-33. [PMID: 35872530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) responds well to chemoradiotherapy but frequently relapses. Here, we evaluate activity and safety of the poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib as maintenance treatment for patients with chemoresponsive SCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible patients had complete or partial response to first line chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for SCLC. Patients were randomised 2:2:1:1 to olaparib 300 mg twice a day (BD), olaparib 200 mg three times a day (TDS), placebo BD or placebo TDS. The primary outcome was progression-free survival time (PFS). The trial design had 80% power to detect a 3-month difference in median PFS based on a one-sided 5% significance level. Secondary outcome measures included overall survival time (OS), adverse events and quality of life. ISRCTN 73164486, EudraCT 2010-021165-76. RESULTS 220 patients were randomised: 74 placebo, 73 olaparib BD, 73 olaparib TDS. Median PFS (90% confidence interval (CI)) was 2·5 (1·8, 3·7), 3·7 (3·1, 4·6) and 3·6 (2·8, 4·7) months in the placebo, olaparib BD and TDS arms, respectively. There was no significant difference in PFS between olaparib and placebo for either BD (Hazard Ratio (HR) (90%CI) 0·76 (0·57, 1·02), P = 0·125 or TDS 0·86, (0·64, 1·15), P = 0·402. Common adverse events on olaparib were fatigue, nausea, anaemia, vomiting and anorexia. Of 214 patients who discontinued treatment before 24 months, toxicity was the reason cited for 66 (18 placebo, 24 olaparib BD, 24 olaparib TDS). CONCLUSION This trial does not provide sufficient evidence that either the BD or TDS regimen for maintenance olaparib monotherapy improves PFS or OS in an unselected SCLC population to warrant further research. Toxicity for olaparib was similar to other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penella Woll
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Gaunt
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Danson
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicola Steele
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Samreen Ahmed
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Riyaz Shah
- Maidstone Hospital, Maidstone, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ben Watkins
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucinda Billingham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deficiency of kin17 Facilitates Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells by Modulating Caspase 3, PARP, and Bcl-2 Family Proteins. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3156968. [PMID: 35909901 PMCID: PMC9328945 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3156968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The treatment of cervical cancer in the late stage is still quite challenging, because of nonspecificity in conventional therapies and the lack of molecular targeted drugs. It is necessary to find novel biomarkers for cervical cancer treatment. Methods In the present study, cervical cell lines HeLa and SiHa with kin17 knockdown were constructed by transfection of the recombinant lentiviral vector carrying KIN17 siRNA and screened by puromycin. The established cells with kin17 knockdown were determined by fluorescence observation and western blotting. Cell apoptosis and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry. The activity of caspase 3 enzyme was tested by spectrophotometry. The expression profile of apoptosis-associated proteins was analyzed by western blotting. Finally, we used bioinformatics and proteomic data to analyze KIN-related genes in cervical cancer. Results The results showed high fluorescent positive rates (>90%) and high gene silencing efficiency (>65%) in HeLa and SiHa cells transfected with gene silencing vectors. Moreover, kin17 deficiency decreased the MMP and increased the apoptosis rates in HeLa and SiHa cells, respectively. Furthermore, knockdown of kin17 enhanced the activity of caspase 3 enzyme, increased the expression of cleaved PARP and Bim, while decreasing the expression of Bcl-xL and phosphorylated BAD in HeLa and SiHa cells. Identification of KIN-related prognostic genes in cervical cancer revealed that a total of 5 genes (FZR1, IMPDH1, GPKOW, XPA, and DDX39A) were constructed for this risk score, and the results showed that CTLA4 expressions were negatively correlated with the risk score. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that kin17 knockdown facilitates apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by targeting caspase 3, PARP, and Bcl-2 family proteins. Besides, kin17 could regulate cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and could be used as a novel therapeutic target for the regulation of cell apoptosis in cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang C, Xu H, Sui X, Chen L, Chen B, Lv H, Wang S, Wang X. Icaritin inhibits PLK1 to activate DNA damage response in NK/T cell lymphoma and increases sensitivity to GELOX regime. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:288-304. [PMID: 35663228 PMCID: PMC9127125 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and L-asparaginase (GELOX) is one of the first-line chemotherapy regimens of NKTCL. Yet, the prognosis of NKTCL is poor. Icaritin is an herb-derived monomer from icariin with antitumor effects. We found that icaritin induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of NKTCL both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, icaritin inhibited the dissemination of NKTCL in vivo. RNA sequencing revealed the Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) gene and DNA damage response (DDR) as the targets of icaritin. Mechanistically, icaritin inhibited PLK1 to promote checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) homodimerization and its T387 phosphorylation, which further activated p53, leading to the activation of the DDR pathway. Moreover, inhibiting PLK1 increased Forkhead box O3a nuclear localization, the latter of which activated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), an early sensor of DNA damage. Then ATM phosphorylated Chk2 T68 and initiated Chk2 activation. Remarkably, the combined treatment of icaritin and GELOX achieved better antitumor efficacy than single treatment in vivo. In summary, our results proved the efficacy of icaritin treating NKTCL, provided insights into its antitumor molecular mechanism, and revealed the application value of icaritin in facilitating clinical NKTCL treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxian Sui
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bobin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhen Lv
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Songmei Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Rawi DH, Bakhoum SF. Chromosomal instability as a source of genomic plasticity. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 74:101913. [PMID: 35526333 PMCID: PMC9156567 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of the most aggressive malignancies. Features of these tumors include complex genomic rearrangements, the presence of mis-segregated chromosomes in micronuclei, and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) formation. Here, we review the development of CIN, and examine CIN in the context of cancer evolution, tumor genomic evolution, and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss the role of whole-genome duplications, breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, ecDNA or double minutes in gene amplification promoting tumor evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duaa H Al-Rawi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A drug repurposing strategy for overcoming human multiple myeloma resistance to standard-of-care treatment. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:203. [PMID: 35246527 PMCID: PMC8897388 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite several approved therapeutic modalities, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable blood malignancy and only a small fraction of patients achieves prolonged disease control. The common anti-MM treatment targets proteasome with specific inhibitors (PI). The resulting interference with protein degradation is particularly toxic to MM cells as they typically accumulate large amounts of toxic proteins. However, MM cells often acquire resistance to PIs through aberrant expression or mutations of proteasome subunits such as PSMB5, resulting in disease recurrence and further treatment failure. Here we propose CuET—a proteasome-like inhibitor agent that is spontaneously formed in-vivo and in-vitro from the approved alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram (DSF), as a readily available treatment effective against diverse resistant forms of MM. We show that CuET efficiently kills also resistant MM cells adapted to proliferate under exposure to common anti-myeloma drugs such as bortezomib and carfilzomib used as the first-line therapy, as well as to other experimental drugs targeting protein degradation upstream of the proteasome. Furthermore, CuET can overcome also the adaptation mechanism based on reduced proteasome load, another clinically relevant form of treatment resistance. Data obtained from experimental treatment-resistant cellular models of human MM are further corroborated using rather unique advanced cytotoxicity experiments on myeloma and normal blood cells obtained from fresh patient biopsies including newly diagnosed as well as relapsed and treatment-resistant MM. Overall our findings suggest that disulfiram repurposing particularly if combined with copper supplementation may offer a promising and readily available treatment option for patients suffering from relapsed and/or therapy-resistant multiple myeloma.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gu X, Zhuang A, Yu J, Chai P, Jia R, Ruan J. Phase separation drives tumor pathogenesis and evolution: all roads lead to Rome. Oncogene 2022; 41:1527-1535. [PMID: 35132182 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cells coordinate numerous biochemical reactions in space and time, depending on the subdivision of the intracellular space into functional compartments. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that phase separation induces the formation of membrane-less compartments to partition intracellular substances in a strictly regulated manner and participates in various biological processes. Based on the strong association of cancer with the dysregulation of intracellular physiological processes and the occurrence of phase separation in cancer-associated condensates, phase separation undoubtedly plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the drivers and functions of phase separation, elaborate on the roles of phase separation in tumor pathogenesis and evolution, and propose substantial research and therapeutic prospects for phase separation in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, PR China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, PR China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, PR China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, PR China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, PR China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, PR China.
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, PR China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 20025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
ACTL6A deficiency induces apoptosis through impairing DNA replication and inhibiting the ATR-Chk1 signaling in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:148-155. [PMID: 35182941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Actin-like 6A (ACTL6A) is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and is highly expressed in several types of human cancers including glioblastoma. Recent studies verified that ACTL6A regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cancer cells. In this study, we identified ACTL6A as an important regulator of DNA replication. ACTL6A knockdown could impair the DNA replication initiation in glioblastoma cells. The regulation of DNA replication by ACTL6A was mediated through regulating the expression of the CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) complex genes. Further investigation revealed that ACTL6A transcriptionally regulates MCM5 expression. Furthermore, ACTL6A knockdown induced DNA damage and diminished the activity of the ATR-Chk1 pathway, which ultimately led glioblastoma cells to apoptosis and death. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of ACTL6A in DNA replication and ATR-Chk1 pathway, and reveal a potential target for therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
20
|
Raffaele M, Kovacovicova K, Biagini T, Lo Re O, Frohlich J, Giallongo S, Nhan JD, Giannone AG, Cabibi D, Ivanov M, Tonchev AB, Mistrik M, Lacey M, Dzubak P, Gurska S, Hajduch M, Bartek J, Mazza T, Micale V, Curran SP, Vinciguerra M. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid receptor (NOP) selective ligand MCOPPB links anxiolytic and senolytic effects. GeroScience 2022; 44:463-483. [PMID: 34820764 PMCID: PMC8612119 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent cells may drive age-associated alterations and pathologies. Senolytics are promising therapeutics that can preferentially eliminate senescent cells. Here, we performed a high-throughput automatized screening (HTS) of the commercial LOPAC®Pfizer library on aphidicolin-induced senescent human fibroblasts, to identify novel senolytics. We discovered the nociceptin receptor FQ opioid receptor (NOP) selective ligand 1-[1-(1-methylcyclooctyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-[(3R)-3-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (MCOPPB, a compound previously studied as potential anxiolytic) as the best scoring hit. The ability of MCOPPB to eliminate senescent cells in in vitro models was further tested in mice and in C. elegans. MCOPPB reduced the senescence cell burden in peripheral tissues but not in the central nervous system. Mice and worms exposed to MCOPPB also exhibited locomotion and lipid storage changes. Mechanistically, MCOPPB treatment activated transcriptional networks involved in the immune responses to external stressors, implicating Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our study uncovers MCOPPB as a NOP ligand that, apart from anxiolytic effects, also shows tissue-specific senolytic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Psychogenics Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Oriana Lo Re
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James D Nhan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Arts, and Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Pathologic Anatomy Unit-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Pathologic Anatomy Unit-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Ivanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anton B Tonchev
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Lacey
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Gurska
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Arts, and Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen TC, Yao CY, Chen YR, Yuan CT, Lin CC, Hsu YC, Chuang PH, Kao CJ, Li YH, Hou HA, Chou WC, Tien HF. Oncogenesis induced by combined Phf6 and Idh2 mutations through increased oncometabolites and impaired DNA repair. Oncogene 2022; 41:1576-1588. [PMID: 35091680 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of acute leukemia involves interaction among genetic alterations. Mutations of IDH1/2 and PHF6 are common and co-exist in some patients of hematopoietic malignancies, but their cooperative effects remain unexplored. In this study, we addressed the question by characterizing the hematopoietic phenotypes of mice harboring neither, Phf6 knockout, Idh2 R172K, or combined mutations. We found that the combined Phf6KOIdh2R172K mice showed biased hematopoietic differentiation toward myeloid lineages and reduced long-term hematopoietic stem cells. They rapidly developed neoplasms of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, with much shorter survival compared with single mutated and wild-type mice. The marrow and spleen cells of the combined mutated mice produced a drastically increased amount of 2-hydroxyglutarate compared with mice harboring Idh2 R172K. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed distinct patterns of transcriptome of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from the combined mutated mice, including aberrant expression of metabolic enzymes, increased expression of several oncogenes, and impairment of DNA repairs, as confirmed by the enhanced γH2AX expression in the marrow and spleen cells. We conclude that Idh2 and Phf6 mutations are synergistic in leukemogenesis, at least through overproduction of 2-hydroxyglutarate and impairment of DNA repairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chih Chen
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ren Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tsu Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chwen Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Jun Kao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide continuously and excessively. Cell division is tightly regulated by multiple evolutionarily conserved cell cycle control mechanisms, to ensure the production of two genetically identical cells. Cell cycle checkpoints operate as DNA surveillance mechanisms that prevent the accumulation and propagation of genetic errors during cell division. Checkpoints can delay cell cycle progression or, in response to irreparable DNA damage, induce cell cycle exit or cell death. Cancer-associated mutations that perturb cell cycle control allow continuous cell division chiefly by compromising the ability of cells to exit the cell cycle. Continuous rounds of division, however, create increased reliance on other cell cycle control mechanisms to prevent catastrophic levels of damage and maintain cell viability. New detailed insights into cell cycle control mechanisms and their role in cancer reveal how these dependencies can be best exploited in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sabatino ME, Grondona E, De Paul AL. Architects of Pituitary Tumour Growth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:924942. [PMID: 35837315 PMCID: PMC9273718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.924942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is a master gland responsible for the modulation of critical endocrine functions. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) display a considerable prevalence of 1/1106, frequently observed as benign solid tumours. PitNETs still represent a cause of important morbidity, due to hormonal systemic deregulation, with surgical, radiological or chronic treatment required for illness management. The apparent scarceness, uncommon behaviour and molecular features of PitNETs have resulted in a relatively slow progress in depicting their pathogenesis. An appropriate interpretation of different phenotypes or cellular outcomes during tumour growth is desirable, since histopathological characterization still remains the main option for prognosis elucidation. Improved knowledge obtained in recent decades about pituitary tumorigenesis has revealed that this process involves several cellular routes in addition to proliferation and death, with its modulation depending on many signalling pathways rather than being the result of abnormalities of a unique proliferation pathway, as sometimes presented. PitNETs can display intrinsic heterogeneity and cell subpopulations with diverse biological, genetic and epigenetic particularities, including tumorigenic potential. Hence, to obtain a better understanding of PitNET growth new approaches are required and the systematization of the available data, with the role of cell death programs, autophagy, stem cells, cellular senescence, mitochondrial function, metabolic reprogramming still being emerging fields in pituitary research. We envisage that through the combination of molecular, genetic and epigenetic data, together with the improved morphological, biochemical, physiological and metabolically knowledge on pituitary neoplastic potential accumulated in recent decades, tumour classification schemes will become more accurate regarding tumour origin, behaviour and plausible clinical results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Sabatino
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Grondona
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Ana Lucía De Paul,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bhat EA, Sajjad N, Rather IA, Sabir JSM, Hor YY. In vitro assembly complex formation of TRAIP CC and RAP 80 zinc finger motif revealed by our study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7511-7516. [PMID: 34867056 PMCID: PMC8626312 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor interacting protein (TRAIP/TRIP) is an important cell-signaling molecule that prevents the TNF-induced-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation via direct interaction with TRAF 2 protein. TRAIP is a crucial downstream signaling molecule, implicated in several signaling pathways. Due to these multifunctional effects, TRAIP is more related to cellular mitosis, chromosome segregation, and DNA damage response. Tumor necrosis factor interacting protein is a downstream signaling molecule that contains a RING domain with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity at the N terminal side followed by coiled-coil and C terminal leucine zipper domain. Human TRAIP is constituted of 469 amino acids with 76% sequence similarity with the mouse TRAIP protein. Although, the main inhibitory function of TRAIP has been known for decades, however, in vitro interaction of TRAIPCC domain with RAP80 Zinc finger motif has not been reported yet. Besides, RAP80, the binding partner of TRAIPCC protein has been implicated in DNA damage response. Results Our in vitro study shows that the TRAIP CC (64-166) associates with the RAP80 zinc finger of corresponding amino acid 490-584. However, TRAIP CCLZ (66-260) and TRAIP RINGCC (1 = 157) failed to interact with the RAP80 zinc finger of corresponding amino acid 490-584. The current study reinforces TRAIP CC (64-166) and RAP80 zinc finger of corresponding amino acid 490-584 associates to form a complex. Moreover, SDS PAGE arbitrated the homogeneity of RAP80 Zinc finger and TRAIP CC of corresponding amino acid 490-584 and 64-166, respectively. Conclusion In vitro, a specific interaction was observed between the TRAIP CC (64-166) and the RAP80 zinc finger of the corresponding amino acid 490-584 and a specific binding area of the RAP80 zinc finger motif were investigated. The TRAIPCC region is required for the complex to bind to the RAP80-Zn finger motif. This strategy may be necessary for the RAP80 zinc finger activity to the TRAIP CC protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.,Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nasreena Sajjad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan A Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan-Yan Hor
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lozinski M, Bowden NA, Graves MC, Fay M, Tooney PA. DNA damage repair in glioblastoma: current perspectives on its role in tumour progression, treatment resistance and PIKKing potential therapeutic targets. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:961-981. [PMID: 34057732 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggressive, invasive and treatment resistant nature of glioblastoma makes it one of the most lethal cancers in humans. Total surgical resection is difficult, and a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is used to treat the remaining invasive cells beyond the tumour border by inducing DNA damage and activating cell death pathways in glioblastoma cells. Unfortunately, recurrence is common and a major hurdle in treatment, often met with a more aggressive and treatment resistant tumour. A mechanism of resistance is the response of DNA repair pathways upon treatment-induced DNA damage, which enact cell-cycle arrest and repair of DNA damage that would otherwise cause cell death in tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we discuss the significance of DNA repair mechanisms in tumour formation, aggression and treatment resistance. We identify an underlying trend in the literature, wherein alterations in DNA repair pathways facilitate glioma progression, while established high-grade gliomas benefit from constitutively active DNA repair pathways in the repair of treatment-induced DNA damage. We also consider the clinical feasibility of inhibiting DNA repair in glioblastoma and current strategies of using DNA repair inhibitors as agents in combination with chemotherapy, radiation or immunotherapy. Finally, the importance of blood-brain barrier penetrance when designing novel small-molecule inhibitors is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lozinski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira C Graves
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Fay
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Genesis Cancer Care, Gateshead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pellicanò G, Al Mamun M, Jurado-Santiago D, Villa-Hernández S, Yin X, Giannattasio M, Lanz MC, Smolka MB, Yeeles J, Shirahige K, García-Díaz M, Bermejo R. Checkpoint-mediated DNA polymerase ε exonuclease activity curbing counteracts resection-driven fork collapse. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2778-2792.e4. [PMID: 33932350 PMCID: PMC7612761 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerase ε (Polε) carries out high-fidelity leading strand synthesis owing to its exonuclease activity. Polε polymerase and exonuclease activities are balanced, because of partitioning of nascent DNA strands between catalytic sites, so that net resection occurs when synthesis is impaired. In vivo, DNA synthesis stalling activates replication checkpoint kinases, which act to preserve the functional integrity of replication forks. We show that stalled Polε drives nascent strand resection causing fork functional collapse, averted via checkpoint-dependent phosphorylation. Polε catalytic subunit Pol2 is phosphorylated on serine 430, influencing partitioning between polymerase and exonuclease active sites. A phosphormimetic S430D change reduces exonucleolysis in vitro and counteracts fork collapse. Conversely, non-phosphorylatable pol2-S430A expression causes resection-driven stressed fork defects. Our findings reveal that checkpoint kinases switch Polε to an exonuclease-safe mode preventing nascent strand resection and stabilizing stalled replication forks. Elective partitioning suppression has implications for the diverse Polε roles in genome integrity maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pellicanò
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammed Al Mamun
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Jurado-Santiago
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Villa-Hernández
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xingyu Yin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michele Giannattasio
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael C Lanz
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel García-Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Rodrigo Bermejo
- Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pilevneli H, Kilic-Eren M. Targeting oncogenic WIP1 phosphatase sensitizes hypoxic breast cancer cells to doxorubicin induced apoptosis via activation of p53-p21 axis. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Dzobo K. The Role of Viruses in Carcinogenesis and Molecular Targeting: From Infection to Being a Component of the Tumor Microenvironment. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:358-371. [PMID: 34037476 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
About a tenth of all cancers are caused by viruses or associated with viral infection. Recent global events including the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic means that human encounter with viruses is increased. Cancer development in individuals with viral infection can take many years after infection, demonstrating that the involvement of viruses in cancer development is a long and complex process. This complexity emanates from individual genetic heterogeneity and the many steps involved in cancer development owing to viruses. The process of tumorigenesis is driven by the complex interaction between several viral factors and host factors leading to the creation of a tumor microenvironment (TME) that is ideal and promotes tumor formation. Viruses associated with human cancers ensure their survival and proliferation through activation of several cellular processes including inflammation, migration, and invasion, resistance to apoptosis and growth suppressors. In addition, most human oncoviruses evade immune detection and can activate signaling cascades including the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Notch and Wnt pathways associated with enhanced proliferation and angiogenesis. This expert review examines and synthesizes the multiple biological factors related to oncoviruses, and the signaling cascades activated by these viruses contributing to viral oncogenesis. In particular, I examine and review the Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomaviruses, and Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus in a context of cancer pathogenesis. I conclude with a future outlook on therapeutic targeting of the viruses and their associated oncogenic pathways within the TME. These anticancer strategies can be in the form of, but not limited to, antibodies and inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lazzari G, Buono G, Zannino B, Silvano G. Breast Cancer Adjuvant Radiotherapy in BRCA1/2, TP53, ATM Genes Mutations: Are There Solved Issues? BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:299-310. [PMID: 34012291 PMCID: PMC8126701 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s306075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53 and ATM gene mutations are the most studied tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) influencing the loco-regional approach to breast cancer (BC). Due to altered radio sensitivity of mutated cancer cells, mastectomy has always been advised in most patients with BC linked to TSGs mutations in order to avoid or minimize the use of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART). Whether ART is safe or not in these carriers is still debated. As a result, this issue has been widely discussed in the recent ASTRO and ASCO papers, yielding important and useful recommendations on the use of ART according to the mutational status. In this review, we have highlighted the impact of these mutations on local control, toxicities, second tumors, and contralateral breast cancers (CBCs) after ART to solve remaining doubts and encourage the safe use of ART when indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Lazzari
- Radiation Oncology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Taranto, 74100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buono
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Rocco Hospital, Sessa Aurunca, Caserta, 81037, Italy
| | - Benedetto Zannino
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Rocco Hospital, Sessa Aurunca, Caserta, 81037, Italy
| | - Giovanni Silvano
- Radiation Oncology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Taranto, 74100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsao WC, Buj R, Aird KM, Sidorova JM, Eckert KA. Overexpression of oncogenic H-Ras in hTERT-immortalized and SV40-transformed human cells targets replicative and specialized DNA polymerases for depletion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251188. [PMID: 33961649 PMCID: PMC8104423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerases play essential functions in replication fork progression and genome maintenance. DNA lesions and drug-induced replication stress result in up-regulation and re-localization of specialized DNA polymerases η and κ. Although oncogene activation significantly alters DNA replication dynamics, causing replication stress and genome instability, little is known about DNA polymerase expression and regulation in response to oncogene activation. Here, we investigated the consequences of mutant H-RASG12V overexpression on the regulation of DNA polymerases in h-TERT immortalized and SV40-transformed human cells. Focusing on DNA polymerases associated with the replication fork, we demonstrate that DNA polymerases are depleted in a temporal manner in response to H-RASG12V overexpression. The polymerases targeted for depletion, as cells display markers of senescence, include the Pol α catalytic subunit (POLA1), Pol δ catalytic and p68 subunits (POLD1 and POLD3), Pol η, and Pol κ. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms mediate this response. Pol η (POLH) depletion is sufficient to induce a senescence-like growth arrest in human foreskin fibroblast BJ5a cells, and is associated with decreased Pol α expression. Using an SV-40 transformed cell model, we observed cell cycle checkpoint signaling differences in cells with H-RasG12V-induced polymerase depletion, as compared to Pol η-deficient cells. Our findings contribute to our understanding of cellular events following oncogene activation and cellular transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-chung Tsao
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia M. Sidorova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristin A. Eckert
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Breunig M, Merkle J, Wagner M, Melzer MK, Barth TFE, Engleitner T, Krumm J, Wiedenmann S, Cohrs CM, Perkhofer L, Jain G, Krüger J, Hermann PC, Schmid M, Madácsy T, Varga Á, Griger J, Azoitei N, Müller M, Wessely O, Robey PG, Heller S, Dantes Z, Reichert M, Günes C, Bolenz C, Kuhn F, Maléth J, Speier S, Liebau S, Sipos B, Kuster B, Seufferlein T, Rad R, Meier M, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. Modeling plasticity and dysplasia of pancreatic ductal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1105-1124.e19. [PMID: 33915078 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Personalized in vitro models for dysplasia and carcinogenesis in the pancreas have been constrained by insufficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into the exocrine pancreatic lineage. Here, we differentiate hPSCs into pancreatic duct-like organoids (PDLOs) with morphological, transcriptional, proteomic, and functional characteristics of human pancreatic ducts, further maturing upon transplantation into mice. PDLOs are generated from hPSCs inducibly expressing oncogenic GNAS, KRAS, or KRAS with genetic covariance of lost CDKN2A and from induced hPSCs derived from a McCune-Albright patient. Each oncogene causes a specific growth, structural, and molecular phenotype in vitro. While transplanted PDLOs with oncogenic KRAS alone form heterogenous dysplastic lesions or cancer, KRAS with CDKN2A loss develop dedifferentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In contrast, transplanted PDLOs with mutant GNAS lead to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia-like structures. Conclusively, PDLOs enable in vitro and in vivo studies of pancreatic plasticity, dysplasia, and cancer formation from a genetically defined background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Merkle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Melzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Krumm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Wiedenmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian M Cohrs
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick C Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Varga
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joscha Griger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stephan Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Eren MK, Kartal NB, Pilevneli H. Oncogenic WIP1 phosphatase attenuates the DNA damage response and sensitizes p53 mutant Jurkat cells to apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:479. [PMID: 33968195 PMCID: PMC8100942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type (wt) p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), encoded by the protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D (PPM1D) gene, is a serine/threonine phosphatase induced upon genotoxic stress in a p53-dependent manner. Wip1/PPM1D is frequently overexpressed, amplified and mutated in human solid tumors harboring wt p53 and is thus currently recognized as an oncogene. Oncogenic Wip1 dampens cellular stress responses, such as cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and senescence, and consequently increases resistance to anticancer therapeutics. Targeting Wip1 has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for tumors harboring wt p53. However, little is known about the efficacy of Wip1-targeted therapies in tumors lacking p53. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of oncogenic Wip1 in p53 mutant (mt) Jurkat cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that p53 mt Jurkat cells exhibited PPM1D/Wip1 gene amplification and expressed relatively high levels of Wip1, as confirmed by gene copy number and RNA expression analysis. In addition, Jurkat cells underwent G2 cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death and senescence in response to etoposide and doxorubicin, although the phosphorylation levels of DNA damage response (DDR) elements, including ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ataxia-telangiestasia and Rad3-related, checkpoint kinase (Chk)1 and Chk2 were significantly low. Accordingly, the targeting of Wip1 phosphatase by RNA interference increased the phosphorylation of DDR elements, but decreased the rate of apoptosis in response to etoposide or doxorubicin in Jurkat cells. The induction of senescence or cell cycle arrest was not affected by the knockdown of Wip1. The results suggest that increased Wip1 expression enhances the apoptotic sensitivity of Jurkat cells in response to chemotherapeutic agents by attenuating DDR signaling. The present study highlights the possible pro-apoptotic role of Wip1 in a p53 mt T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. The data suggest the careful consideration of future treatment strategies aiming to manipulate or target Wip1 in human cancers lacking p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kilic Eren
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Nur Betül Kartal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hatice Pilevneli
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
van den Boogaard WMC, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Vermeij WP. Nutritional Preconditioning in Cancer Treatment in Relation to DNA Damage and Aging. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2021; 5:161-179. [PMID: 35474917 PMCID: PMC9037985 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-060820-090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most successful nutritional intervention for extending lifespan and preserving health in numerous species. Reducing food intake triggers a protective response that shifts energy resources from growth to maintenance and resilience mechanisms. This so-called survival response has been shown to particularly increase life- and health span and decrease DNA damage in DNA repair-deficient mice exhibiting accelerated aging. Accumulation of DNA damage is the main cause of aging, but also of cancer. Moreover, radiotherapies and most chemotherapies are based on damaging DNA, consistent with their ability to induce toxicity and accelerate aging. Since fasting and DR decrease DNA damage and its effects, nutritional preconditioning holds promise for improving (cancer) therapy and preventing short- and long-term side effects of anticancer treatments. This review provides an overview of the link between aging and cancer, highlights important preclinical studies applying such nutritional preconditioning, and summarizes the first clinical trials implementing nutritional preconditioning in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie M C van den Boogaard
- Genome Instability and Nutrition Research Group, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Group, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Genome Instability and Nutrition Research Group, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CECAD Forschungszentrum, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilbert P Vermeij
- Genome Instability and Nutrition Research Group, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Differential Expression of a Panel of Ten CNTN1-Associated Genes during Prostate Cancer Progression and the Predictive Properties of the Panel Towards Prostate Cancer Relapse. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020257. [PMID: 33578925 PMCID: PMC7916715 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contactin 1 (CNTN1) is a new oncogenic protein of prostate cancer (PC); its impact on PC remains incompletely understood. We observed CNTN1 upregulation in LNCaP cell-derived castration-resistant PCs (CRPC) and CNTN1-mediated enhancement of LNCaP cell proliferation. CNTN1 overexpression in LNCaP cells resulted in enrichment of the CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_3 gene set that facilitates endocrine resistance in breast cancer. The leading-edge (LE) genes (n = 10) of this enrichment consist of four genes with limited knowledge on PC and six genes novel to PC. These LE genes display differential expression during PC initiation, metastatic progression, and CRPC development, and they predict PC relapse following curative therapies at hazard ratio (HR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–3.77, and p = 1.77 × 10−9 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCancer cohort (n = 492) and HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.84–4.01, and p = 4.99 × 10−7 in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort (n = 140). The LE gene panel classifies high-, moderate-, and low-risk of PC relapse in both cohorts. Additionally, the gene panel robustly predicts poor overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC, p = 1.13 × 10−11), consistent with ccRCC and PC both being urogenital cancers. Collectively, we report multiple CNTN1-related genes relevant to PC and their biomarker values in predicting PC relapse.
Collapse
|
35
|
Changes in telomere length and senescence markers during human ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2238. [PMID: 33500500 PMCID: PMC7838193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is considered as a useful option to preserve fertility for cancer patients. This study purposed to evaluate the change of telomere length and senescence markers during human ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Ovarian tissues were obtained from women who underwent benign ovarian surgery in the gynecology research unit of a university hospital with prior consent and IRB approval. DNA was extracted from the ovarian tissues using a DNeasy tissue kit and telomere lengths in the DNA samples were determined by real time PCR before and after cryopreservation. All tissues were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and subjected to immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays. Other senescence markers, including p53, p16, p21, and phospho-pRb proteins, were evaluated using western blot analysis. Ovarian tissues were collected from ten patients and prepared for slow freezing with the same size of diameter 4 mm and 1 mm thickness. Mean age of patients was 26.7 ± 6.2 years (range, 16–34 years), and ovarian tissues were cryopreserved and thawed 4 weeks after cryopreservation. The mean telomere length was significantly decreased after cryopreservation (9.57 ± 1.47 bp vs. 8.34 ± 1.83 bp, p = 0.001). Western blot analysis revealed that p53, p16, and p21 proteins increased and phospho-pRb protein expression decreased after ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is regarded as one of promising options for fertility preservation. However, clinicians and researchers should be aware of possible irreversible DNA changes such as shortening of telomere length and alterations of other senescence markers in human ovarian tissues.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lau CHE, Robinson O. DNA methylation age as a biomarker for cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2652-2663. [PMID: 33394520 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is well established as an age-associated disease, and there is substantial overlap in the molecular, cellular and physiological changes observed with both ageing and the progression of cancer. Age-specific declines in resilience mechanisms such as DNA repair or epigenetic maintenance may contribute to the development of cancer. These declines may be assessed through biomarkers that measure biological age and through the related concept of "age acceleration". Epigenetic clocks, assessed through DNA methylation levels, are among the most widely used biological age markers in cancer studies. In this review, we discuss the use of DNA methylation ageing measures to predict population cancer incidence, mortality and survival. Blood-based DNA methylation age estimators appear to be promising measures of increased cancer risk and mortality, although their reported effects are generally weak, thus its clinical relevance remains to be validated in large case-cohort and longitudinal studies. Future development of epigenetic and other biological age biomarkers will likely further elucidate the links between ageing and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho E Lau
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Campolo M, Lanza M, Casili G, Paterniti I, Filippone A, Caffo M, Cardali SM, Puliafito I, Colarossi C, Raciti G, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. TAK1 Inhibitor Enhances the Therapeutic Treatment for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010041. [PMID: 33375627 PMCID: PMC7794959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by poor therapeutic response and overall survival. Despite relevant progress in conventional treatments represented by the clinical use of temozolomide (TMZ), a combination of approaches might be a possible future direction for treating GBM. Transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is an essential component in genotoxic stresses-induced NF-κB-activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-pathways; however, the role of TAK1 in GBM-chemoresistance remains unknown. This study aimed to verify, in GBM human cell lines, in an in vivo U87-xenograft model and in TMZ-treated-patients, the effect of TAK1 inhibition on the sensitivity of GBM cells to chemotherapy. In vitro model, using GBM cell lines, showed that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol augmented the cytotoxic effects of TMZ, blocking TMZ-induced NF-κB-activation, reducing DNA-damage and enhancing TMZ-induced apoptosis in GMB cell lines. We showed a reduction in tumor burden as well as tumor volume in the xenograft model following the treatment with 5Z-7-oxozaenol associated with TMZ. Our results showed a significant up-regulation in TAK1, p-p38, p-JNK and NF-κB in glioblastoma TMZ-treated-patients and denoted the role of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in increasing the sensitivity of GBM cells to chemotherapy, proving to be an effective coadjuvant to current GBM chemotherapeutic regimens, suggesting a new option for therapeutic treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (G.C.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (G.C.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (G.C.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (G.C.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (G.C.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Caffo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Salvatore M. Cardali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Ivana Puliafito
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (I.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (I.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Gabriele Raciti
- IOM Ricerca S.r.l., Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (G.C.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (M.L.); (G.C.); (I.P.); (A.F.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765-208
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stolarova L, Kleiblova P, Janatova M, Soukupova J, Zemankova P, Macurek L, Kleibl Z. CHEK2 Germline Variants in Cancer Predisposition: Stalemate Rather than Checkmate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122675. [PMID: 33322746 PMCID: PMC7763663 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline alterations in many genes coding for proteins regulating DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) to DNA double-strand breaks (DDSB) have been recognized as pathogenic factors in hereditary cancer predisposition. The ATM-CHEK2-p53 axis has been documented as a backbone for DDR and hypothesized as a barrier against cancer initiation. However, although CHK2 kinase coded by the CHEK2 gene expedites the DDR signal, its function in activation of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest is dispensable. CHEK2 mutations rank among the most frequent germline alterations revealed by germline genetic testing for various hereditary cancer predispositions, but their interpretation is not trivial. From the perspective of interpretation of germline CHEK2 variants, we review the current knowledge related to the structure of the CHEK2 gene, the function of CHK2 kinase, and the clinical significance of CHEK2 germline mutations in patients with hereditary breast, prostate, kidney, thyroid, and colon cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Stolarova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (M.J.); (J.S.); (P.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (M.J.); (J.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (M.J.); (J.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Petra Zemankova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (M.J.); (J.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (M.J.); (J.S.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-22496-745
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kitabatake K, Kaji T, Tsukimoto M. Involvement of CD73 and A2B Receptor in Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Response and Cell Migration in Human Glioblastoma A172 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 44:197-210. [PMID: 33268695 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system and is treated with a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, the tumor often acquires radiation resistance, which is characterized by an increased DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that CD73, which generates extracellular adenosine from ATP, and A2B receptor, which is activated by adenosine, are involved in the γ-radiation-induced DDR and the enhanced migration ability of human glioblastoma cell line A172. To investigate DDR, we evaluated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation and focus formation of histone H2A isoform γ (γH2AX) and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) in the nucleus of A172 cells after γ-irradiation. Antagonists of A2B receptor and CD73, or knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA), suppressed γ-radiation-induced DDR and promoted γ-radiation-induced cell death, as well as suppressing γ-radiation-induced cell migration and actin remodeling. These results suggest that activation of A2B receptor by extracellular adenosine generated via CD73 promotes γ-radiation-induced DDR, leading to recovery from DNA damage, and also enhances cell migration and actin remodeling. The CD73-A2B receptor pathway may be a promising target for overcoming radiation resistance and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes during radiotherapy of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kitabatake
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Khan C, Muliyil S, Ayyub C, Rao BJ. spn-A/rad51 mutant exhibits enhanced genomic damage, cell death and low temperature sensitivity in somatic tissues. Chromosoma 2020; 130:3-14. [PMID: 33222024 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is one of the key pathways to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). Rad51 serves an important function of catalysing strand exchange between two homologous sequences in the HR pathway. In higher organisms, rad51 function is indispensable with its absence leading to early embryonic lethality, thus precluding any mechanistic probing of the system. In contrast, the absence of Drosophila rad51 (spn-A/rad51) has been associated with defects in the germline, without any reported detrimental consequences to Drosophila somatic tissues. In this study, we have performed a systematic analysis of developmental defects in somatic tissues of spn-A mutant flies by using genetic complementation between multiple spn-A alleles. Our current study, for the first time, uncovers a requirement for spn-A in somatic tissue maintenance during both larval and pupal stages. Also, we show that spn-A mutant exhibits patterning defects in abdominal cuticle in the stripes and bristles, while there appear to be only subtle defects in the adult wing and eye. Interestingly, spn-A mutant shows a discernible phenotype of low temperature sensitivity, suggesting a role of spn-A in temperature sensitive cellular processes. In summary, our study describes the important role played by spn-A/rad51 in Drosophila somatic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India. .,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Sonia Muliyil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Champakali Ayyub
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - B J Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India. .,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Transit Campus, Sree Rama Engineering College, Tirupati, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pentzold C, Kokal M, Pentzold S, Weise A. Sites of chromosomal instability in the context of nuclear architecture and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2095-2103. [PMID: 33219838 PMCID: PMC7966619 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal fragile sites are described as areas within the tightly packed mitotic chromatin that appear as breaks or gaps mostly tracing back to a loosened structure and not a real nicked break within the DNA molecule. Most facts about fragile sites result from studies in mitotic cells, mainly during metaphase and mainly in lymphocytes. Here, we synthesize facts about the genomic regions that are prone to form gaps and breaks on metaphase chromosomes in the context of interphase. We conclude that nuclear architecture shapes the activity profile of the cell, i.e. replication timing and transcriptional activity, thereby influencing genomic integrity during interphase with the potential to cause fragility in mitosis. We further propose fragile sites as examples of regions specifically positioned in the interphase nucleus with putative anchoring points at the nuclear lamina to enable a tightly regulated replication–transcription profile and diverse signalling functions in the cell. Consequently, fragility starts before the actual display as chromosomal breakage in metaphase to balance the initial contradiction of cellular overgrowth or malfunctioning and maintaining diversity in molecular evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Pentzold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Miriam Kokal
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Pentzold
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dzulko M, Pons M, Henke A, Schneider G, Krämer OH. The PP2A subunit PR130 is a key regulator of cell development and oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188453. [PMID: 33068647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase. This enzyme is involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and DNA repair. Remarkably, PP2A can act as a context-dependent tumor suppressor or promoter. Active PP2A complexes consist of structural (PP2A-A), regulatory (PP2A-B), and catalytic (PP2A-C) subunits. The regulatory subunits define the substrate specificity and the subcellular localization of the holoenzyme. Here we condense the increasing evidence that the PP2A B-type subunit PR130 is a critical regulator of cell identity and oncogenic transformation. We summarize knowledge on the biological functions of PR130 in normal and transformed cells, targets of the PP2A-PR130 complex, and how diverse extra- and intracellular stimuli control the expression and activity of PR130. We additionally review the impact of PP2A-PR130 on cardiac functions, neuronal processes, and anti-viral defense and how this might affect cancer development and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Dzulko
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Pons
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Henke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Krishnan V, Lim DXE, Hoang PM, Srivastava S, Matsuo J, Huang KK, Zhu F, Ho KY, So JBY, Khor C, Tsao S, Teh M, Fock KM, Ang TL, Jeyasekharan AD, Tan P, Yeoh KG, Ito Y. DNA damage signalling as an anti-cancer barrier in gastric intestinal metaplasia. Gut 2020; 69:1738-1749. [PMID: 31937549 PMCID: PMC7497583 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a premalignant stage that poses a greater risk for subsequent gastric cancer (GC). However, factors regulating IM to GC progression remain unclear. Previously, activated DNA damage response (DDR) signalling factors were shown to engage tumour-suppressive networks in premalignant lesions. Here, we interrogate the relationship of DDR signalling to mutational accumulation in IM lesions. DESIGN IM biopsies were procured from the gastric cancer epidemiology programme, an endoscopic surveillance programme where biopsies have been subjected to (epi)genomic characterisation. IM samples were classified as genome-stable or genome-unstable based on their mutational burden/somatic copy-number alteration (CNA) profiles. Samples were probed for DDR signalling and cell proliferation, using the markers γH2AX and MCM2, respectively. The expression of the gastric stem cell marker, CD44v9, was also assessed. Tissue microarrays representing the GC progression spectrum were included. RESULTS MCM2-positivity increased during GC progression, while γH2AX-positivity showed modest increase from normal to gastritis and IM stages, with further increase in GC. γH2AX levels correlated with the extent of chronic inflammation. Interestingly, genome-stable IM lesions had higher γH2AX levels underscoring a protective anti-cancer role for DDR signalling. In contrast, genome-unstable IM lesions with higher mutational burden/CNAs had lower γH2AX levels, elevated CD44v9 expression and modest promoter hypermethylation of DNA repair genes WRN, MLH1 and RAD52. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IM lesions with active DDR will likely experience a longer latency at the premalignant state until additional hits that override DDR signalling clonally expand and promote progression. These observations provide insights on the factors governing IM progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Debbie Xiu En Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phuong Mai Hoang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kie Kyon Huang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Bok Yan So
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Christopher Khor
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Stephen Tsao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tiing Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Khay-Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore .,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li X, Dean DC, Cote GM, Zou L, Hornicek FJ, Yu S, Duan Z. Inhibition of ATR-Chk1 signaling blocks DNA double-strand-break repair and induces cytoplasmic vacuolization in metastatic osteosarcoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920956900. [PMID: 32973933 PMCID: PMC7493280 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920956900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein kinase (ATR) is an essential regulator of the DNA damage response in various cancers; however, its expression and roles in osteosarcoma are unclear. We therefore chose to evaluate the significance and mechanism of ATR in metastatic osteosarcoma, as well as its potential to be a therapeutic target. METHODS The osteosarcoma tissue microarrays constructed from 70 patient specimens underwent immunohistochemistry to quantify ATR and activated phospho-ATR (pATR) expression and their correlation with clinical outcomes. ATR sublocalization within the metastatic osteosarcoma cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were evaluated following treatment with ATR siRNA or the selective inhibitor Berzosertib. Antitumor effects were determined with ex vivo three-dimensional (3D) culture models, and the impacts on the DNA damage repair pathways were measured with Western blotting. RESULTS Elevated ATR and activated pATR expression correlated with shorter patient survival and less necrosis following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intranuclear sublocalization of ATR and pATR suggested a mechanism related to DNA replication. ATR knockdown with siRNA or inhibition with Berzosertib suppressed cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. In addition, ATR inhibition decreased Chk1 phosphorylation while increasing γH2AX expression and PARP cleavage, consistent with the interference of DNA damage repair. The ATR inhibitor Berzosertib also produced the characteristic cytoplasmic vacuolization preceding cell death, and suppressed ex vivo 3D spheroid formation and cell motility. CONCLUSION The faithful dependence of cells on ATR signaling for survival and progression makes it an emerging therapeutic target in metastatic osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, CHINA
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dylan C. Dean
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M. Cote
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shengji Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alonso-de Vega I, Paz-Cabrera MC, Rother MB, Wiegant WW, Checa-Rodríguez C, Hernández-Fernaud JR, Huertas P, Freire R, van Attikum H, Smits VAJ. PHF2 regulates homology-directed DNA repair by controlling the resection of DNA double strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4915-4927. [PMID: 32232336 PMCID: PMC7229830 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational histone modifications and chromatin remodelling play a critical role controlling the integrity of the genome. Here, we identify histone lysine demethylase PHF2 as a novel regulator of the DNA damage response by regulating DNA damage-induced focus formation of 53BP1 and BRCA1, critical factors in the pathway choice for DNA double strand break repair. PHF2 knockdown leads to impaired BRCA1 focus formation and delays the resolution of 53BP1 foci. Moreover, irradiation-induced RPA phosphorylation and focus formation, as well as localization of CtIP, required for DNA end resection, to sites of DNA lesions are affected by depletion of PHF2. These results are indicative of a defective resection of double strand breaks and thereby an impaired homologous recombination upon PHF2 depletion. In accordance with these data, Rad51 focus formation and homology-directed double strand break repair is inhibited in cells depleted for PHF2. Importantly, we demonstrate that PHF2 knockdown decreases CtIP and BRCA1 protein and mRNA levels, an effect that is dependent on the demethylase activity of PHF2. Furthermore, PHF2-depleted cells display genome instability and are mildly sensitive to the inhibition of PARP. Together these results demonstrate that PHF2 promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination by controlling CtIP-dependent resection of double strand breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena B Rother
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W Wiegant
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pablo Huertas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique A J Smits
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sachdeva A, Gouge J, Kontovounisios C, Nikolaou S, Ashworth A, Lim K, Chong I. Klotho and the Treatment of Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061665. [PMID: 32585905 PMCID: PMC7352559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho was first discovered as an anti-ageing protein linked to a number of age-related disease processes, including cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging research has also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Klotho in cancer biology, which is perhaps unsurprising given that cancer and ageing share similar molecular hallmarks. In addition to functioning as a tumour suppressor in numerous solid tumours and haematological malignancies, Klotho represents a candidate therapeutic target for patients with these diseases, the majority of whom have limited treatment options. Here, we examine contemporary evidence evaluating the anti-neoplastic effects of Klotho and describe the modulation of downstream oncogenic signalling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, FGF, IGF1, PIK3K/AKT, TGFβ, and the Unfolded Protein Response. We also discuss possible approaches to developing therapeutic Klotho and consider technological advances that may facilitate the delivery of Klotho through gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishani Sachdeva
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Jerome Gouge
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK;
| | - Christos Kontovounisios
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Stella Nikolaou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5181, USA;
| | - Irene Chong
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Perchlozone, Antituberculous Drug. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:48-52. [PMID: 32488781 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies of Perchlozone, an antituberculous drug with manifest inhibitory activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, were carried out. Genotoxicity of Perchlozone was evaluated by the DNA comet method on liver and lung tissues and blood cells after 14-day inhalation exposure of rats. The level of DNA aberrations in response to inhalations of the drug in a concentration of 102.6±13.7 mg/m3 increased in lung tissue but not in the blood cells or liver. These results indicated genotoxic activity of antituberculous drug Perchlozone.
Collapse
|
48
|
Maynard S, Keijzers G, Akbari M, Ezra MB, Hall A, Morevati M, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Gonzalo S, Bartek J, Bohr VA. Lamin A/C promotes DNA base excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11709-11728. [PMID: 31647095 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The A-type lamins (lamin A/C), encoded by the LMNA gene, are important structural components of the nuclear lamina. LMNA mutations lead to degenerative disorders known as laminopathies, including the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. In addition, altered lamin A/C expression is found in various cancers. Reports indicate that lamin A/C plays a role in DNA double strand break repair, but a role in DNA base excision repair (BER) has not been described. We provide evidence for reduced BER efficiency in lamin A/C-depleted cells (Lmna null MEFs and lamin A/C-knockdown U2OS). The mechanism involves impairment of the APE1 and POLβ BER activities, partly effectuated by associated reduction in poly-ADP-ribose chain formation. Also, Lmna null MEFs displayed reduced expression of several core BER enzymes (PARP1, LIG3 and POLβ). Absence of Lmna led to accumulation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions, and to an increased frequency of substitution mutations induced by chronic oxidative stress including GC>TA transversions (a fingerprint of 8-oxoG:A mismatches). Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the functional interplay between the nuclear lamina and cellular defenses against oxidative DNA damage, with implications for cancer and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maynard
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Keijzers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ben Ezra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaldur Hall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marya Morevati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xing M, Zhang F, Liao H, Chen S, Che L, Wang X, Bao Z, Ji F, Chen G, Zhang H, Li W, Chen Z, Liu Y, Hickson ID, Shen H, Ying S. Replication Stress Induces ATR/CHK1-Dependent Nonrandom Segregation of Damaged Chromosomes. Mol Cell 2020; 78:714-724.e5. [PMID: 32353258 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonrandom DNA segregation (NDS) is a mitotic event in which sister chromatids carrying the oldest DNA strands are inherited exclusively by one of the two daughter cells. Although this phenomenon has been observed across various organisms, the mechanism and physiological relevance of this event remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that DNA replication stress can trigger NDS in human cells. This biased inheritance of old template DNA is associated with the asymmetric DNA damage response (DDR), which derives at least in part from telomeric DNA. Mechanistically, we reveal that the ATR/CHK1 signaling pathway plays an essential role in mediating NDS. We show that this biased segregation process leads to cell-cycle arrest and cell death in damaged daughter cells inheriting newly replicated DNA. These data therefore identify a key role for NDS in the maintenance of genomic integrity within cancer cell populations undergoing replication stress due to oncogene activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Xing
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hongwei Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Luanqing Che
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhengqiang Bao
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Gaoying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ragu S, Matos-Rodrigues G, Lopez BS. Replication Stress, DNA Damage, Inflammatory Cytokines and Innate Immune Response. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E409. [PMID: 32283785 PMCID: PMC7230342 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete and accurate DNA replication is essential to genome stability maintenance during cellular division. However, cells are routinely challenged by endogenous as well as exogenous agents that threaten DNA stability. DNA breaks and the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) arising from endogenous replication stress have been observed at pre- or early stages of oncogenesis and senescence. Proper detection and signalling of DNA damage are essential for the autonomous cellular response in which the DDR regulates cell cycle progression and controls the repair machinery. In addition to this autonomous cellular response, replicative stress changes the cellular microenvironment, activating the innate immune response that enables the organism to protect itself against the proliferation of damaged cells. Thereby, the recent descriptions of the mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory response activation after replication stress, DNA damage and DDR defects constitute important conceptual novelties. Here, we review the links of replication, DNA damage and DDR defects to innate immunity activation by pro-inflammatory paracrine effects, highlighting the implications for human syndromes and immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernard S. Lopez
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; (S.R.); (G.M.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|