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Yuan L, Zhang S, Bi R, Liu X, Han Z, Li M, Liao X, Xie T, Bai S, Xie Q, Luo C, Jiang Y, Yuan J, Luo H, Yan H, Sun C, Shu Y. A broad-spectrum multiepitope vaccine against seasonal influenza A and B viruses in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105269. [PMID: 39111250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses pose a persistent threat to global public health, necessitating the development of innovative and broadly effective vaccines. METHODS This study focuses on a multiepitope vaccine (MEV) designed to provide broad-spectrum protection against different influenza viruses. The MEV, containing 19 B-cell linear epitopes, 7 CD4+ T cells, and 11 CD8+ T cells epitopes identified through enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) in influenza viruses infected mice, was administered through a regimen of two doses of DNA vaccine followed by one dose of a protein vaccine in C57BL/6 female mice. FINDINGS Upon lethal challenge with both seasonal circulating strains (H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY) and historical strains (H1N1-PR8 and H3N2-X31), MEV demonstrated substantial protection against different influenza seasonal strains, with partial efficacy against historical strains. Notably, the increased germinal centre B cells and antibody-secreting cells, along with robust T cell immune responses, highlighted the comprehensive immune defence elicited by MEV. Elevated hemagglutinin inhibition antibody was also observed against seasonal circulating and historical strains. Additionally, mice vaccinated with MEV exhibited significantly lower counts of inflammatory cells in the lungs compared to negative control groups. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrated the efficacy of a broad-spectrum MEV against influenza viruses in mice. Conducting long-term studies to evaluate the durability of MEV-induced immune responses and explore its potential application in diverse populations will offer valuable insights for the continued advancement of this promising vaccine. FUNDING Funding bodies are described in the Acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Shengze Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Rongjun Bi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Xuejie Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Zirong Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Xinzhong Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Shaohui Bai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Qian Xie
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Chuming Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, PR China.
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, PR China.
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Huacheng Yan
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Military Theatre, 510610, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafetuy, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 102629, PR China.
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2
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Perofsky AC, Huddleston J, Hansen C, Barnes JR, Rowe T, Xu X, Kondor R, Wentworth DE, Lewis N, Whittaker L, Ermetal B, Harvey R, Galiano M, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Fujisaki S, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Sullivan SG, Barr IG, Subbarao K, Krammer F, Bedford T, Viboud C. Antigenic drift and subtype interference shape A(H3N2) epidemic dynamics in the United States. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.10.02.23296453. [PMID: 37873362 PMCID: PMC10593063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.23296453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses continually evolve new antigenic variants, through mutations in epitopes of their major surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antigenic drift potentiates the reinfection of previously infected individuals, but the contribution of this process to variability in annual epidemics is not well understood. Here we link influenza A(H3N2) virus evolution to regional epidemic dynamics in the United States during 1997-2019. We integrate phenotypic measures of HA antigenic drift and sequence-based measures of HA and NA fitness to infer antigenic and genetic distances between viruses circulating in successive seasons. We estimate the magnitude, severity, timing, transmission rate, age-specific patterns, and subtype dominance of each regional outbreak and find that genetic distance based on broad sets of epitope sites is the strongest evolutionary predictor of A(H3N2) virus epidemiology. Increased HA and NA epitope distance between seasons correlates with larger, more intense epidemics, higher transmission, greater A(H3N2) subtype dominance, and a greater proportion of cases in adults relative to children, consistent with increased population susceptibility. Based on random forest models, A(H1N1) incidence impacts A(H3N2) epidemics to a greater extent than viral evolution, suggesting that subtype interference is a major driver of influenza A virus infection dynamics, presumably via heterosubtypic cross-immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Perofsky
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, United States
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, United States
| | - John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Chelsea Hansen
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, United States
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, United States
| | - John R Barnes
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States
| | - Thomas Rowe
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States
| | - Rebecca Kondor
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States
| | - David E Wentworth
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States
| | - Nicola Lewis
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Whittaker
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Burcu Ermetal
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Harvey
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Galiano
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney Stuart Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - John W McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
| | - Florian Krammer
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, United States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, United States
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3
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Mazunina EP, Gushchin VA, Kleymenov DA, Siniavin AE, Burtseva EI, Shmarov MM, Mukasheva EA, Bykonia EN, Kozlova SR, Evgrafova EA, Zolotar AN, Shidlovskaya EV, Kirillova ES, Krepkaia AS, Usachev EV, Kuznetsova NA, Ivanov IA, Dmitriev SE, Ivanov RA, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. Trivalent mRNA vaccine-candidate against seasonal flu with cross-specific humoral immune response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381508. [PMID: 38690272 PMCID: PMC11058219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza remains a serious global health problem, leading to high mortality rates among the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. Vaccination is generally accepted as the most effective strategy for influenza prevention. While current influenza vaccines are effective, they still have limitations, including narrow specificity for certain serological variants, which may result in a mismatch between vaccine antigens and circulating strains. Additionally, the rapid variability of the virus poses challenges in providing extended protection beyond a single season. Therefore, mRNA technology is particularly promising for influenza prevention, as it enables the rapid development of multivalent vaccines and allows for quick updates of their antigenic composition. mRNA vaccines have already proven successful in preventing COVID-19 by eliciting rapid cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study, we present the development of a trivalent mRNA vaccine candidate, evaluate its immunogenicity using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, ELISA, and assess its efficacy in animals. We demonstrate the higher immunogenicity of the mRNA vaccine candidate compared to the inactivated split influenza vaccine and its enhanced ability to generate a cross-specific humoral immune response. These findings highlight the potential mRNA technology in overcoming current limitations of influenza vaccines and hold promise for ensuring greater efficacy in preventing seasonal influenza outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P. Mazunina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A. Kleymenov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Burtseva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim M. Shmarov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenya A. Mukasheva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniia N. Bykonia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia R. Kozlova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina A. Evgrafova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Zolotar
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Kirillova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S. Krepkaia
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Usachev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Ivanov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Dmitriev
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A. Ivanov
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Infectiology Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Gao C, Wen F, Guan M, Hatuwal B, Li L, Praena B, Tang CY, Zhang J, Luo F, Xie H, Webby R, Tao YJ, Wan XF. MAIVeSS: streamlined selection of antigenically matched, high-yield viruses for seasonal influenza vaccine production. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1128. [PMID: 38321021 PMCID: PMC10847134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the main pharmaceutical intervention used against the global public health threat posed by influenza viruses. Timely selection of optimal seed viruses with matched antigenicity between vaccine antigen and circulating viruses and with high yield underscore vaccine efficacy and supply, respectively. Current methods for selecting influenza seed vaccines are labor intensive and time-consuming. Here, we report the Machine-learning Assisted Influenza VaccinE Strain Selection framework, MAIVeSS, that enables streamlined selection of naturally circulating, antigenically matched, and high-yield influenza vaccine strains directly from clinical samples by using molecular signatures of antigenicity and yield to support optimal candidate vaccine virus selection. We apply our framework on publicly available sequences to select A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine candidates and experimentally confirm that these candidates have optimal antigenicity and growth in cells and eggs. Our framework can potentially reduce the optimal vaccine candidate selection time from months to days and thus facilitate timely supply of seasonal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Minhui Guan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bijaya Hatuwal
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Beatriz Praena
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jieze Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- University School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 63141, USA
| | - Yizhi Jane Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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5
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Albalawi ARS, Alhassun JAS, Almarshud RK, Almejali HA, Alharbi SM, Shaybah AM, Alshehab ZMA, Alzahrani SM, Abomelha LS, Almalki AA, Alkhurayyif AO, Alalawi MS, Alnass AJ, Alzibali KF, Alabdulrahim JM. Unlocking the Power of Influenza Vaccines for Pediatric Population: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55119. [PMID: 38558642 PMCID: PMC10979318 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The flu, often known as influenza, is a dangerous public health hazard for the pediatric population. Immunization is essential for decreasing the burden of the disease and avoiding complications related to influenza. However, the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of different influenza vaccines in children warrant careful evaluation. The purpose of this narrative review is to give a summary of the existing literature on the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of several vaccinations against influenza viruses in children. The review incorporates evidence from a range of studies focusing on the outcomes of interest. Immunogenicity studies have shown that influenza vaccines induce a robust immune response in children, primarily through neutralizing antibodies' formation. However, variations in vaccine composition influence the duration and magnitude of immune responses. Safety is a crucial consideration in pediatric vaccination. In children, influenza vaccinations have generally shown a high safety profile, with mild and temporary side effects being the most common. Vaccinations against influenza have shown a modest level of efficacy in avoiding hospitalizations linked to influenza, laboratory-confirmed influenza infections, and serious consequences in children. Live attenuated vaccines have shown higher effectiveness against matched strains compared to inactivated vaccines. In conclusion, this narrative review highlights that receiving influenza vaccination in children aged six to 47 months is very important. While different vaccines exhibit varying immunogenicity, safety profiles, and effectiveness, they all contribute to reducing the burden of influenza among children. Future research should focus on optimizing vaccine strategies, improving vaccine coverage, and evaluating long-term protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raghad K Almarshud
- Family Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al Qassim, SAU
| | - Hamad A Almejali
- General Practice, General Administration of Prison Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Amal M Shaybah
- General Practice, Primary Health Care Center, Jazan, SAU
| | | | | | - Lama S Abomelha
- General Practice, Almahalh Primary Health Care Center, Abha, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Anwar J Alnass
- General Practice, Ibn Sina Primary Health Care Center, Jubail, SAU
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6
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Yuan L, Li X, Li M, Bi R, Li Y, Song J, Li W, Yan M, Luo H, Sun C, Shu Y. In silico design of a broad-spectrum multiepitope vaccine against influenza virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128071. [PMID: 37967595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Influenza remains a global health concern due to its potential to cause pandemics as a result of rapidly mutating influenza virus strains. Existing vaccines often struggle to keep up with these rapidly mutating flu viruses. Therefore, the development of a broad-spectrum peptide vaccine that can stimulate an optimal antibody response has emerged as an innovative approach to addressing the influenza threat. In this study, an immunoinformatic approach was employed to rapidly predict immunodominant epitopes from different antigens, aiming to develop an effective multiepitope influenza vaccine (MEV). The immunodominant B-cell linear epitopes of seasonal influenza strains hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) were predicted using an antibody-peptide microarray, involving a human cohort including vaccinees and infected patients. On the other hand, bioinformatics tools were used to predict immunodominant cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) and helper T-cell (HTL) epitopes. Subsequently, these epitopes were evaluated by various immunoinformatic tools. Epitopes with high antigenicity, high immunogenicity, non-allergenicity, non-toxicity, as well as exemplary conservation were then connected in series with appropriate linkers and adjuvants to construct a broad-spectrum MEV. Moreover, the structural analysis revealed that the MEV candidates exhibited good stability, and the docking results demonstrated their strong affinity to Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). In addition, molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stable interaction between TLR4 and MEVs. Three injections with MEVs showed a high level of B-cell and T-cell immune responses according to the immunological simulations in silico. Furthermore, in-silico cloning was performed, and the results indicated that the MEVs could be produced in considerable quantities in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Based on these findings, it is reasonable to create a broad-spectrum MEV against different subtypes of influenza A and B viruses in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yuan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Xu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Rongjun Bi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yingrui Li
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China.
| | - Jiaping Song
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China.
| | - Wei Li
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China.
| | - Mingchen Yan
- Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, PR China.
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7
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Mai G, Zhang C, Lan C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Tang K, Tang J, Zeng J, Chen Y, Cheng P, Liu S, Long H, Wen Q, Li A, Liu X, Zhang R, Xu S, Liu L, Niu Y, Yang L, Wang Y, Yin D, Sun C, Chen YQ, Shen W, Zhang Z, Du X. Characterizing the dynamics of BCR repertoire from repeated influenza vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2245931. [PMID: 37542407 PMCID: PMC10438862 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2245931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Yearly epidemics of seasonal influenza cause an enormous disease burden around the globe. An understanding of the rules behind the immune response with repeated vaccination still presents a significant challenge, which would be helpful for optimizing the vaccination strategy. In this study, 34 healthy volunteers with 16 vaccinated were recruited, and the dynamics of the BCR repertoire for consecutive vaccinations in two seasons were tracked. In terms of diversity, length, network, V and J gene segments usage, somatic hypermutation (SHM) rate and isotype, it was found that the overall changes were stronger in the acute phase of the first vaccination than the second vaccination. However, the V gene segments of IGHV4-39, IGHV3-9, IGHV3-7 and IGHV1-69 were amplified in the acute phase of the first vaccination, with IGHV3-7 dominant. On the other hand, for the second vaccination, the changes were dominated by IGHV1-69, with potential for coding broad neutralizing antibody. Additional analysis indicates that the application of V gene segment for IGHV3-7 in the acute phase of the first vaccination was due to the elevated usage of isotypes IgM and IgG3. While for IGHV1-69 in the second vaccination, it was contributed by isotypes IgG1 and IgG2. Finally, 41 public BCR clusters were identified in the vaccine group, with both IGHV3-7 and IGHV1-69 were involved and representative complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs were characterized. This study provides insights into the immune response dynamics following repeated influenza vaccination in humans and can inform universal vaccine design and vaccine strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqin Mai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Lan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Tang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Cheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Long
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qilan Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aqin Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruitong Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlan Niu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Yin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Gupta D, Mohan S. Influenza vaccine: a review on current scenario and future prospects. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:154. [PMID: 38030859 PMCID: PMC10686931 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a crucial tool in preventing influenza, but it requires annual updates in vaccine composition due to the ever-changing nature of the flu virus. While healthcare and economic burdens have reduced, the virus remains a challenge. Research conducted over the past decade has revealed pathways for improvement through both basic and clinical studies. Viral surveillance plays a vital role in the better selection of candidate viruses for vaccines and the early detection of drug-resistant strains.This page offers a description of future vaccine developments and an overview of current vaccine options. In the coming years, we anticipate significant changes in vaccine production, moving away from traditional egg-based methods towards innovative technologies such as DNA and RNA vaccines. These newer approaches offer significant advantages over traditional egg-based and cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Sumedha Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India.
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9
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Rak A, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Nucleoprotein as a Promising Antigen for Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1747. [PMID: 38140152 PMCID: PMC10747533 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal influenza. Due to the highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza vaccine strains should be regularly updated to antigenically match the circulating viruses. The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is much more conserved than HA and NA, and thus seems to be a promising target for the design of improved influenza vaccines with broad cross-reactivity against antigenically diverse influenza viruses. Traditional subunit or recombinant protein influenza vaccines do not contain the NP antigen, whereas live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) express the viral NP within infected cells, thus inducing strong NP-specific antibodies and T-cell responses. Many strategies have been explored to design broadly protective NP-based vaccines, mostly targeted at the T-cell mode of immunity. Although the NP is highly conserved, it still undergoes slow evolutionary changes due to selective immune pressure, meaning that the particular NP antigen selected for vaccine design may have a significant impact on the overall immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine candidate. In this review, we summarize existing data on the conservation of the influenza A viral nucleoprotein and review the results of preclinical and clinical trials of NP-targeting influenza vaccine prototypes, focusing on the ability of NP-specific immune responses to protect against diverse influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (A.R.); (I.I.-S.)
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10
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Kistler KE, Bedford T. An atlas of continuous adaptive evolution in endemic human viruses. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1898-1909.e3. [PMID: 37883977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Through antigenic evolution, viruses such as seasonal influenza evade recognition by neutralizing antibodies. This means that a person with antibodies well tuned to an initial infection will not be protected against the same virus years later and that vaccine-mediated protection will decay. To expand our understanding of which endemic human viruses evolve in this fashion, we assess adaptive evolution across the genome of 28 endemic viruses spanning a wide range of viral families and transmission modes. Surface proteins consistently show the highest rates of adaptation, and ten viruses in this panel are estimated to undergo antigenic evolution to selectively fix mutations that enable the escape of prior immunity. Thus, antibody evasion is not an uncommon evolutionary strategy among human viruses, and monitoring this evolution will inform future vaccine efforts. Additionally, by comparing overall amino acid substitution rates, we show that SARS-CoV-2 is accumulating protein-coding changes at substantially faster rates than endemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kistler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Cheung M, Chang C, Rathnasinghe R, Rossignol E, Zhang Y, Ferrari A, Patel H, Huang Y, Sanchez Guillen M, Scalzo T, Lee C, Otten GR, Settembre EC, Music N, Palladino G, Wen Y. Self-amplifying mRNA seasonal influenza vaccines elicit mouse neutralizing antibody and cell-mediated immunity and protect ferrets. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:150. [PMID: 37794051 PMCID: PMC10550923 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently licensed influenza vaccines focus immune responses on viral hemagglutinin (HA), while the other major surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) is not tightly controlled in inactivated vaccine formulations despite evidence that anti-NA antibodies reduce clinical disease. We utilized a bicistronic self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) platform encoding both HA and NA from four seasonal influenza strains, creating a quadrivalent influenza vaccine. sa-mRNA vaccines encoding an NA component induced the production of NA-inhibiting antibodies and CD4+ T-cell responses in both monovalent and quadrivalent formulations. Including NA in the vaccine enabled cross-neutralization against antigenically drifted strains and provided greater protection than HA alone upon A(H3N2) challenge in ferrets. These results demonstrate that next-generation bicistronic sa-mRNA vaccines expressing HA and NA induce potent antibodies against both viral coat proteins, as well as vaccine-specific cell-mediated immunity. When formulated as a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, the sa-mRNA platform provides an opportunity to increase the breadth of protection through cross-neutralizing anti-NA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Chang
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Yunfei Zhang
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Harsh Patel
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Yanjun Huang
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Tina Scalzo
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Changkeun Lee
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Nedzad Music
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Yingxia Wen
- CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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12
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Hood N, Flannery B, Gaglani M, Beeram M, Wernli K, Jackson ML, Martin ET, Monto AS, Zimmerman R, Raviotta J, Belongia EA, McLean HQ, Kim S, Patel MM, Chung JR. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children: 2011-2020. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022059922. [PMID: 36960655 PMCID: PMC10071433 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-059922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Infants and children are at increased risk of severe influenza virus infection and its complications. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by age, influenza season, and influenza virus type/subtype. This study's objective was to examine the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against outpatient influenza illness in the pediatric population over 9 influenza seasons after the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic. METHODS During the 2011-2012 through the 2019-2020 influenza seasons at outpatient clinics at 5 sites of the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, children aged 6 months to 17 years with an acute respiratory illness were tested for influenza using real-time, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated using a test-negative design. RESULTS Among 24 148 enrolled children, 28% overall tested positive for influenza, 3017 tested positive for influenza A(H3N2), 1459 for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 2178 for influenza B. Among all enrollees, 39% overall were vaccinated, with 29% of influenza cases and 43% of influenza-negative controls vaccinated. Across all influenza seasons, the pooled VE for any influenza was 46% (95% confidence interval, 43-50). Overall and by type/subtype, VE against influenza illness was highest among children in the 6- to 59-month age group compared with older pediatric age groups. VE was lowest for influenza A(H3N2) virus infection. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of multiple seasons suggested substantial benefit against outpatient illness. Investigation of host-specific or virus-related mechanisms that may result in differences by age and virus type/subtype may help further efforts to promote increased vaccination coverage and other influenza-related preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hood
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Manjusha Gaglani
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
- Baylor Scott & White Health Research Institute, Temple, Texas
| | - Madhava Beeram
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
- Baylor Scott & White Health Research Institute, Temple, Texas
| | - Karen Wernli
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael L. Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily T. Martin
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arnold S. Monto
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard Zimmerman
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Raviotta
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Sara Kim
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Manish M. Patel
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessie R. Chung
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Chen X. Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122559. [PMID: 36586639 PMCID: PMC9794530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of vaccines have been delivered into the muscular tissue. Skin contains large amounts of antigen-presenting cells and has been recognized as a more immunogenic site for vaccine delivery. Intradermal delivery has been approved to improve influenza vaccine efficacy and spare influenza vaccine doses. In response to the recent monkeypox outbreak, intradermal delivery has been also approved to stretch the limited monkeypox vaccine doses to immunize more people at risk. Incorporation of vaccine adjuvants is promising to further increase intradermal vaccine efficacy and spare more vaccine doses. Yet, intradermal vaccination is associated with more significant local reactions than intramuscular vaccination. Thus, adjuvants suitable to boost intradermal vaccination need to have a good local safety without inducing overt local reactions. This review introduces currently approved adjuvants in licensed human vaccines and their relative reactogenicity for intradermal delivery and then introduces emerging chemical and physical adjuvants with a good local safety to boost intradermal vaccination. The rational to develop physical adjuvants, the types of physical adjuvants, and the unique advantages of physical adjuvants to boost intradermal vaccination are also introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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14
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Antigenic Landscape Analysis of Individuals Vaccinated with a Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine Candidate Reveals Induction of Cross-Subtype Immunity. J Virol 2023; 97:e0107022. [PMID: 36533948 PMCID: PMC9888246 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01070-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza virus vaccines have to be closely matched to circulating strains to provide good protection, and antigenic drift and emerging pandemic influenza virus strains present a difficult challenge for them. Universal influenza virus vaccines, including chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA)-based constructs that target the conserved stalk domain of hemagglutinin, are in clinical development. Due to the conservation of the stalk domain, antibodies directed to it show broad binding profiles, usually within group 1 and group 2 influenza A or influenza B virus phylogenies. However, determining the binding breadth of these antibodies with commonly used immunological methods can be challenging. Here, we analyzed serum samples from a phase I clinical trial (CVIA057, NCT03300050) using an influenza virus protein microarray (IVPM). The IVPM technology allowed us to assess immune responses not only to a large number of group 1 hemagglutinins but also group 2 and influenza B virus hemagglutinins. In CVIA057, different vaccine modalities, including a live attenuated influenza virus vaccine and inactivated influenza virus vaccines with or without adjuvant, all in the context of cHA constructs, were tested. We found that vaccination with adjuvanted, inactivated vaccines induced a very broad antibody response covering group 1 hemagglutinins, with limited induction of antibodies to group 2 hemagglutinins. Our data show that cHA constructs do indeed induce very broad immune responses and that the IVPM technology is a useful tool to measure this breadth that broadly protective or universal influenza virus vaccines aim to induce. IMPORTANCE The development of a universal influenza virus vaccine that protects against seasonal drifted, zoonotic, or emerging pandemic influenza viruses would be an extremely useful public health tool. Here, we test a technology designed to measure the breadth of antibody responses induced by this new class of vaccines.
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15
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Mapping the Antibody Repertoires in Ferrets with Repeated Influenza A/H3 Infections: Is Original Antigenic Sin Really "Sinful"? Viruses 2023; 15:v15020374. [PMID: 36851590 PMCID: PMC9959794 DOI: 10.3390/v15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza-specific antibody repertoire is continuously reshaped by infection and vaccination. The host immune response to contemporary viruses can be redirected to preferentially boost antibodies specific for viruses encountered early in life, a phenomenon called original antigenic sin (OAS) that is suggested to be responsible for diminished vaccine effectiveness after repeated seasonal vaccination. Using a new computational tool called Neutralization Landscapes, we tracked the progression of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies within ferret antisera elicited by repeated influenza A/H3 infections and deciphered the influence of prior exposures on the de novo antibody response to evolved viruses. The results indicate that a broadly neutralizing antibody signature can nevertheless be induced by repeated exposures despite OAS induction. Our study offers a new way to visualize how immune history shapes individual antibodies within a repertoire, which may help to inform future universal influenza vaccine design.
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16
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Chu JT, Gu H, Sun W, Fan RL, Nicholls JM, Valkenburg SA, Poon LL. Heterosubtypic immune pressure accelerates emergence of influenza A virus escape phenotypes in mice. Virus Res 2023; 323:198991. [PMID: 36302472 PMCID: PMC10194115 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rapid antigenic evolution of the influenza A virus surface antigen hemagglutinin undermines protection conferred by seasonal vaccines. Protective correlates targeted by universal vaccines such as cytotoxic T cells or HA stem directed broadly neutralizing antibodies have been shown to select for immune escape mutants during infection. We developed an in vivo serial passage mouse model for viral adaptation and used next generation sequencing to evaluate full genome viral evolution in the context of broadly protective immunity. Heterosubtypic immune pressure increased the incidence of genome-wide single nucleotide variants, though mutations found in early adapted populations were predominantly stochastic in nature. Prolonged adaptation under heterosubtypic immune selection resulted in the manifestation of highly virulent phenotypes that ablated vaccine mediated protection from mortality. High frequency mutations unique to escape phenotypes were identified within the polymerase encoding segments. These findings suggest that a suboptimial usage of population-wide universal influenza vaccine may drive formation of escape variants attributed to polygenic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ts Chu
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Haogao Gu
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wanying Sun
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rebecca Ly Fan
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - John M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leo Lm Poon
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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17
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Screening and characterization of inhibitory vNAR targeting nanodisc-assembled influenza M2 proteins. iScience 2022; 26:105736. [PMID: 36570769 PMCID: PMC9771723 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus poses a constant challenge to human health. The highly conserved influenza matrix-2 (M2) protein is an attractive target for the development of a universal antibody-based drug. However, screening using antigens with subphysiological conformation in a nonmembrane environment significantly reduces the generation of efficient antibodies. Here, M2(1-46) was incorporated into nanodiscs (M2-nanodiscs) with M2 in a membrane-embedded tetrameric conformation, closely resembling its natural physiological state in the influenza viral envelope. M2-nanodisc generation, an antigen, was followed by Chiloscyllium plagiosum immunization. The functional vNARs were selected by phage display panning strategy from the shark immune library. One of the isolated vNARs, AM2H10, could specifically bind to tetrameric M2 instead of monomeric M2e (the ectodomain of M2 protein). Furthermore, AM2H10 blocked ion influx through amantadine-sensitive and resistant M2 channels. Our findings indicated the possibility of developing functional shark nanobodies against various influenza viruses by targeting the M2 protein.
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18
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Immunization with inactivated whole virus particle influenza virus vaccines improves the humoral response landscape in cynomolgus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010891. [PMID: 36206307 PMCID: PMC9581423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibody-inducing split virus vaccines (SV) are currently the most effective way to combat seasonal influenza, their efficacy can be modest, especially in immunologically-naïve individuals. We investigated immune responses towards inactivated whole influenza virus particle vaccine (WPV) formulations, predicated to be more immunogenic, in a non-human primate model, as an important step towards clinical testing in humans. Comprehensive analyses were used to capture 46 immune parameters to profile how WPV-induced responses differed to those elicited by antigenically-similar SV formulations. Naïve cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with either monovalent or quadrivalent WPV consistently induced stronger antibody responses and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres against vaccine-matched viruses compared to SV formulations, while acute reactogenic effects were similar. Responses in WPV-primed animals were further increased by boosting with the same formulation, conversely to modest responses after priming and boosting with SV. 28-parameter multiplex bead array defined key antibody features and showed that while both WPV and SV induced elevated IgG responses against A/H1N1 nucleoprotein, only WPV increased IgG responses against A/H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and HA-Stem, and higher IgA responses to A/H1N1-HA after each vaccine dose. Antibodies to A/H1N1-HA and HA-Stem that could engage FcγR2a and FcγR3a were also present at higher levels after one dose of WPV compared to SV and remained elevated after the second dose. Furthermore, WPV-enhanced antibody responses were associated with higher frequencies of HA-specific B-cells and IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T-cell responses. Our data additionally demonstrate stronger boosting of HI titres by WPV following prior infection and support WPV administered as a priming dose irrespective of the follow up vaccine for the second dose. Our findings thus show that compared to SV vaccination, WPV-induced humoral responses are significantly increased in scope and magnitude, advocating WPV vaccination regimens for priming immunologically-naïve individuals and also in the event of a pandemic outbreak.
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19
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Strohmeier S, Amanat F, Campbell JD, Traquina P, Coffman RL, Krammer F. A CpG 1018 adjuvanted neuraminidase vaccine provides robust protection from influenza virus challenge in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:81. [PMID: 35869085 PMCID: PMC9305062 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections pose a significant threat to global health. Vaccination is the main countermeasure against influenza virus spread, however, the effectiveness of vaccines is variable. Current seasonal influenza virus vaccines mostly rely on the immunodominant hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein on the viral surface, which usually leads to a narrow and strain-specific immune response. The HA undergoes constant antigenic drift, which can lead to a dramatic loss in vaccine effectiveness, requiring the annual reformulation and readministration of influenza virus vaccines. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the subdominant glycoprotein, neuraminidase (NA), is an attractive target for vaccine development. Here, we tested a newly developed recombinant influenza virus N1 neuraminidase vaccine candidate, named N1-MPP, adjuvanted with CpG 1018, a TLR9 agonist. Additionally, N2-MPP and B-NA-MPP vaccine constructs have been generated to cover the range of influenza viruses that are seasonally circulating in humans. These constructs have been characterized in vitro and in vivo regarding their functionality and protective potential. Furthermore, a trivalent NA-MPP mix was tested. No antigenic competition between the individual NA constructs was detected. By adjuvating the recombinant protein constructs with CpG 1018 it was possible to induce a strong and robust immune response against the NA, which provided full protection against morbidity and mortality after high lethal challenges in vivo. This study provides important insights for the development of a broadly protective NA-based influenza virus vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Shin Y, Kim J, Seok JH, Park H, Cha HR, Ko SH, Lee JM, Park MS, Park JH. Development of the H3N2 influenza microneedle vaccine for cross-protection against antigenic variants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12189. [PMID: 35842468 PMCID: PMC9287697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the continuously mutating nature of the H3N2 virus, two aspects were considered when preparing the H3N2 microneedle vaccines: (1) rapid preparation and (2) cross-protection against multiple antigenic variants. Previous methods of measuring hemagglutinin (HA) content required the standard antibody, thus rapid preparation of H3N2 microneedle vaccines targeting the mutant H3N2 was delayed as a result of lacking a standard antibody. In this study, H3N2 microneedle vaccines were prepared by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) without the use of an antibody, and the cross-protection of the vaccines against several antigenic variants was observed. The HA content measured by HPLC was compared with that measured by ELISA to observe the accuracy of the HPLC analysis of HA content. The cross-protection afforded by the H3N2 microneedle vaccines was evaluated against several antigenic variants in mice. Microneedle vaccines for the 2019–20 seasonal H3N2 influenza virus (19–20 A/KS/17) were prepared using a dip-coating process. The cross-protection of 19–20 A/KS/17 H3N2 microneedle vaccines against the 2015–16 seasonal H3N2 influenza virus in mice was investigated by monitoring body weight changes and survival rate. The neutralizing antibody against several H3N2 antigenic variants was evaluated using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). HA content in the solid microneedle vaccine formulation with trehalose post-exposure at 40℃ for 24 h was 48% and 43% from the initial HA content by HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The vaccine was administered to two groups of mice, one by microneedles and the other by intramuscular injection (IM). In vivo efficacies in the two groups were found to be similar, and cross-protection efficacy was also similar in both groups. HPLC exhibited good diagnostic performance with H3N2 microneedle vaccines and good agreement with ELISA. The H3N2 microneedle vaccines elicited a cross-protective immune response against the H3N2 antigenic variants. Here, we propose the use of HPLC for a more rapid approach in preparing H3N2 microneedle vaccines targeting H3N2 virus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Shin
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Cha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Si Hwan Ko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Chung Mong-Koo Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Co., Ltd, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Gao J, Xia Z, Vohidova D, Joseph J, Luo JN, Joshi N. Progress in non-viral localized delivery of siRNA therapeutics for pulmonary diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1400-1428. [PMID: 37139423 PMCID: PMC10150162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapies based on localized delivery of siRNA to lungs have opened up exciting possibilities for treatment of different lung diseases. Localized delivery of siRNA to lungs has shown to result in severalfold higher lung accumulation than systemic route, while minimizing non-specific distribution in other organs. However, to date, only 2 clinical trials have explored localized delivery of siRNA for pulmonary diseases. Here we systematically reviewed recent advances in the field of pulmonary delivery of siRNA using non-viral approaches. We firstly introduce the routes of local administration and analyze the anatomical and physiological barriers towards effective local delivery of siRNA in lungs. We then discuss current progress in pulmonary delivery of siRNA for respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, list outstanding questions, and highlight directions for future research. We expect this review to provide a comprehensive understanding of current advances in pulmonary delivery of siRNA.
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22
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Jennewein MF, Kosikova M, Noelette FJ, Radvak P, Boudreau CM, Campbell JD, Chen WH, Xie H, Alter G, Pasetti MF. Functional and structural modifications of influenza antibodies during pregnancy. iScience 2022; 25:104088. [PMID: 35402869 PMCID: PMC8991102 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a unique tolerogenic immune state which may alter susceptibility to infection and vaccine response. Here, we characterized humoral immunity to seasonal influenza vaccine strains in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Although serological responses to influenza remained largely intact during late pregnancy, distinct modifications were observed. Pregnant women had reduced hemagglutinin subtype-1 (H1)- IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3, hemagglutination inhibition, and group 1 and 2 stem IgG titers. Intriguingly, H1-specific avidity and FcγR1 binding increased, and influenza antibodies had distinct Fc and Fab glycans characterized by increased di-galactosylation and di-sialylation. H1-specific Fc-functionality (i.e. monocyte phagocytosis and complement deposition) was moderately reduced in pregnancy. Multivariate antibody analysis revealed two distinct populations (pregnant vs. non-pregnant) segregated by H1 FcγR1 binding, H1-IgG levels, and Fab and Fc glycosylation. Our results demonstrated a structural and functional modulation of influenza humoral immunity during pregnancy that was antigen-specific and consistent with reduced inflammation and efficient placental transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Kosikova
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Peter Radvak
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - James D. Campbell
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wilbur H. Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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23
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Flitter BA, Braun MR, Tucker SN. Drop the Needle; A Temperature Stable Oral Tablet Vaccine Is Protective against Respiratory Viral Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:593. [PMID: 35455342 PMCID: PMC9031097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To effectively combat emerging infections and prevent future pandemics, next generation vaccines must be developed quickly, manufactured rapidly, and most critically, administered easily. Next generation vaccines need innovative approaches that prevent infection, severe disease, and reduce community transmission of respiratory pathogens such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Here we review an oral vaccine tablet that can be manufactured and released in less than 16 weeks of antigen design and deployed without the need for cold chain. The oral Ad5 modular vaccine platform utilizes a non-replicating adenoviral vector (rAd5) containing a novel molecular TLR3 adjuvant that is delivered by tablet, not by needle. This enterically coated, room temperature-stable vaccine tablet elicits robust antigen-specific IgA in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and upregulates mucosal homing adhesion molecules on circulating B and T cells. Several influenza antigens have been tested using this novel vaccine approach and demonstrated efficacy in both preclinical animal models and in phase I/II clinical trials, including in a human challenge study. This oral rAd5 vaccine platform technology offers a promising new avenue for aiding in rapid pandemic preparedness and equitable worldwide vaccine distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca A. Flitter
- Vaxart, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (M.R.B.); (S.N.T.)
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24
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Wang Y, Tang CY, Wan XF. Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2841-2881. [PMID: 34905077 PMCID: PMC8669429 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic characterization of emerging and re-emerging viruses is necessary for the prevention of and response to outbreaks, evaluation of infection mechanisms, understanding of virus evolution, and selection of strains for vaccine development. Primary analytic methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent/lectin assays, hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, micro-neutralization assays, and antigenic cartography, have been widely used in the field of influenza research. These techniques have been improved upon over time for increased analytical capacity, and some have been mobilized for the rapid characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as its variants, facilitating the development of highly effective vaccines within 1 year of the initially reported outbreak. While great strides have been made for evaluating the antigenic properties of these viruses, multiple challenges prevent efficient vaccine strain selection and accurate assessment. For influenza, these barriers include the requirement for a large virus quantity to perform the assays, more than what can typically be provided by the clinical samples alone, cell- or egg-adapted mutations that can cause antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and circulating viruses, and up to a 6-month duration of vaccine development after vaccine strain selection, which allows viruses to continue evolving with potential for antigenic drift and, thus, antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and the emerging epidemic strain. SARS-CoV-2 characterization has faced similar challenges with the additional barrier of the need for facilities with high biosafety levels due to its infectious nature. In this study, we review the primary analytic methods used for antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the barriers of these methods and current developments for addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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25
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Brouwer AF, Balmaseda A, Gresh L, Patel M, Ojeda S, Schiller AJ, Lopez R, Webby RJ, Nelson MI, Kuan G, Gordon A. Birth cohort relative to an influenza A virus's antigenic cluster introduction drives patterns of children's antibody titers. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010317. [PMID: 35192673 PMCID: PMC8896668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual's antibody titers to influenza A strains are a result of the complicated interplay between infection history, cross-reactivity, immune waning, and other factors. It has been challenging to disentangle how population-level patterns of humoral immunity change as a function of age, calendar year, and birth cohort from cross-sectional data alone. We analyzed 1,589 longitudinal sera samples from 260 children across three studies in Nicaragua, 2006-16. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers were determined against four H3N2 strains, one H1N1 strain, and two H1N1pdm strains. We assessed temporal patterns of HAI titers using an age-period-cohort modeling framework. We found that titers against a given virus depended on calendar year of serum collection and birth cohort but not on age. Titer cohort patterns were better described by participants' ages relative to year of likely introduction of the virus's antigenic cluster than by age relative to year of strain introduction or by year of birth. These cohort effects may be driven by a decreasing likelihood of early-life infection after cluster introduction and by more broadly reactive antibodies at a young age. H3N2 and H1N1 viruses had qualitatively distinct cohort patterns, with cohort patterns of titers to specific H3N2 strains reaching their peak in children born 3 years prior to that virus's antigenic cluster introduction and with titers to H1N1 and H1N1pdm strains peaking for children born 1-2 years prior to cluster introduction but not being dramatically lower for older children. Ultimately, specific patterns of strain circulation and antigenic cluster introduction may drive population-level antibody titer patterns in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Brouwer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AFB); (AG)
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sócrates Flores Vivas Health Center, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Amy J. Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roger Lopez
- Sócrates Flores Vivas Health Center, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Martha I. Nelson
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AFB); (AG)
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26
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Li L, Changrob S, Fu Y, Stovicek O, Guthmiller JJ, McGrath JJC, Dugan HL, Stamper CT, Zheng NY, Huang M, Wilson PC. Librator: a platform for the optimized analysis, design, and expression of mutable influenza viral antigens. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6532539. [PMID: 35183062 PMCID: PMC8921739 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial mutagenesis and protein engineering have laid the foundation for antigenic characterization and universal vaccine design for influenza viruses. However, many methods used in this process require manual sequence editing and protein expression, limiting their efficiency and utility in high-throughput applications. More streamlined in silico tools allowing researchers to properly analyze and visualize influenza viral protein sequences with accurate nomenclature are necessary to improve antigen design and productivity. To address this need, we developed Librator, a system for analyzing and designing custom protein sequences of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins. Within Librator's graphical interface, users can easily interrogate viral sequences and phylogenies, visualize antigen structures and conservation, mutate target residues and design custom antigens. Librator also provides optimized fragment design for Gibson Assembly of HA and NA expression constructs based on peptide conservation of all historical HA and NA sequences, ensuring fragments are reusable and compatible across related subtypes, thereby promoting reagent savings. Finally, the program facilitates single-cell immune profiling, epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies and mosaic protein design. Using Librator-based antigen construction, we demonstrate that antigenicity can be readily transferred between HA molecules of H3, but not H1, lineage viruses. Altogether, Librator is a valuable tool for analyzing influenza virus HA and NA proteins and provides an efficient resource for optimizing recombinant influenza antigen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olivia Stovicek
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joshua J C McGrath
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haley L Dugan
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Nai-Ying Zheng
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Corresponding author: Patrick C. Wilson, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA. E-mail:
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Wang L, Yang F, Xiao Y, Chen B, Liu F, Cheng L, Yao H, Wu N, Wu H. Generation, characterization, and protective ability of mouse monoclonal antibodies against the HA of A (H1N1) influenza virus. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2558-2567. [PMID: 35005794 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus infections pose a continuous threat to human health. Although vaccines function as a preventive and protective tool, they may not be effective due to antigen drift or an inaccurate prediction of epidemic strains. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have attracted wide attention as a promising therapeutic method for influenza virus infections. In this study, three hemagglutinin (HA)-specific mAbs, named 2A1, 2H4, and 2G2, respectively, were derived from mice immunized with the HA protein from A/Michigan/45/2015(H1N1). The isolated mAbs all displayed hemagglutination inhibition activity and the 2G2 mAb exhibited the strongest neutralization effect. Two amino acid mutations (A198E and G173E), recognized in the process of selection of mAb-resistant mutants, were located in antigenic site Sb and Ca1, respectively. In prophylactic experiments, all three mAbs could achieve 100% protection in mice infected with a lethal dose of A/Michigan/45/2015(H1N1). A dose of 1 mg/kg for 2H4 and 2G2 was sufficient to achieve a full protective effect. Therapeutic experiments showed that all three mAbs could protect mice from death if they received the mAb administration at 6 h postinfection, and 2G2 was still protective after 24 h. Our findings indicate that these three mAbs may have potential prevention and treatment value in an H1N1 epidemic, as well as in the study of antigen epitope recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Geriatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Strohmeier S, Amanat F, Zhu X, McMahon M, Deming ME, Pasetti MF, Neuzil KM, Wilson IA, Krammer F. A Novel Recombinant Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Vaccine Candidate Stabilized by a Measles Virus Phosphoprotein Tetramerization Domain Provides Robust Protection from Virus Challenge in the Mouse Model. mBio 2021; 12:e0224121. [PMID: 34809451 PMCID: PMC8609353 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02241-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza virus vaccines do not induce robust immune responses to neuraminidase. Several factors, including immunodominance of hemagglutinin over neuraminidase, instability of neuraminidase in vaccine formulations, and variable, nonstandardized amounts of neuraminidase in the vaccines, may contribute to this effect. However, vaccines that induce strong antineuraminidase immune responses would be beneficial, as they are highly protective. Furthermore, antigenic drift is slower for neuraminidase than for hemagglutinin, potentially providing broader coverage. Here, we designed stabilized recombinant versions of neuraminidase by replacing the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, transmembrane, and extracellular stalk with tetramerization domains from the measles or Sendai virus phosphoprotein or from an Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor. The measles virus tetramerization domain-based construct, termed N1-MPP, was chosen for further evaluation, as it retained antigenicity, neuraminidase activity, and structural integrity and provided robust protection in vivo against lethal virus challenge in the mouse model. We tested N1-MPP as a standalone vaccine, admixed with seasonal influenza virus vaccines, or given with seasonal influenza virus vaccines but in the other leg of the mouse. Admixture with different formulations of seasonal vaccines led to a weak neuraminidase response, suggesting a dominant effect of hemagglutinin over neuraminidase when administered in the same formulation. However, administration of neuraminidase alone or with seasonal vaccine administered in the alternate leg of the mouse induced robust antibody responses. Thus, this recombinant neuraminidase construct is a promising vaccine antigen that may enhance and broaden protection against seasonal influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infections remain a high risk to human health, causing up to 650,000 deaths worldwide every year, with an enormous burden on the health care system. Since currently available seasonal vaccines are only partially effective and often mismatched to the circulating strains, a broader protective influenza virus vaccine is needed. Here, we generated a recombinant influenza virus vaccine candidate based on the more conserved neuraminidase surface glycoprotein in order to induce a robust and broader protective immune response against a variety of circulating influenza virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meagan E. Deming
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Creytens S, Pascha MN, Ballegeer M, Saelens X, de Haan CAM. Influenza Neuraminidase Characteristics and Potential as a Vaccine Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786617. [PMID: 34868073 PMCID: PMC8635103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase of influenza A and B viruses plays a critical role in the virus life cycle and is an important target of the host immune system. Here, we highlight the current understanding of influenza neuraminidase structure, function, antigenicity, immunogenicity, and immune protective potential. Neuraminidase inhibiting antibodies have been recognized as correlates of protection against disease caused by natural or experimental influenza A virus infection in humans. In the past years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in the use of influenza neuraminidase to improve the protective potential of currently used influenza vaccines. A number of well-characterized influenza neuraminidase-specific monoclonal antibodies have been described recently, most of which can protect in experimental challenge models by inhibiting the neuraminidase activity or by Fc receptor-dependent mechanisms. The relative instability of the neuraminidase poses a challenge for protein-based antigen design. We critically review the different solutions that have been proposed to solve this problem, ranging from the inclusion of stabilizing heterologous tetramerizing zippers to the introduction of inter-protomer stabilizing mutations. Computationally engineered neuraminidase antigens have been generated that offer broad, within subtype protection in animal challenge models. We also provide an overview of modern vaccine technology platforms that are compatible with the induction of robust neuraminidase-specific immune responses. In the near future, we will likely see the implementation of influenza vaccines that confront the influenza virus with a double punch: targeting both the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigenic Drift and Shift
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/ultrastructure
- Catalytic Domain/genetics
- Catalytic Domain/immunology
- Cross Protection
- Evolution, Molecular
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Alphainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Alphainfluenzavirus/genetics
- Alphainfluenzavirus/immunology
- Betainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Betainfluenzavirus/genetics
- Betainfluenzavirus/immunology
- Mutation
- Nanoparticles
- Neuraminidase/administration & dosage
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Neuraminidase/ultrastructure
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/ultrastructure
- Viral Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Creytens
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mirte N. Pascha
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marlies Ballegeer
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Weinberger B. Vaccination of older adults: Influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID-19 and beyond. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:38. [PMID: 34627326 PMCID: PMC8501352 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preserving good health in old age is of utmost importance to alleviate societal, economic and health care-related challenges caused by an aging society. The prevalence and severity of many infectious diseases is higher in older adults, and in addition to the acute disease, long-term sequelae, such as exacerbation of underlying chronic disease, onset of frailty or increased long-term care dependency, are frequent. Prevention of infections e.g. by vaccination is therefore an important measure to ensure healthy aging and preserve quality of life. Several vaccines are specifically recommended for older adults in many countries, and in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic older adults were among the first target groups for vaccination due to their high risk for severe disease. This review highlights clinical data on the influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae and herpes zoster vaccines, summarizes recent developments to improve vaccine efficacy, such as the use of adjuvants or higher antigen dose for influenza, and gives an overview of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development for older adults. Substantial research is ongoing to further improve vaccines, e.g. by developing universal influenza and pneumococcal vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current strain-specific vaccines, and to develop novel vaccines against pathogens, which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in older adults, but for which no vaccines are currently available. In addition, we need to improve uptake of the existing vaccines and increase awareness for life-long vaccination in order to provide optimal protection for the vulnerable older age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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31
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Nuwarda RF, Alharbi AA, Kayser V. An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1032. [PMID: 34579269 PMCID: PMC8473132 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are in use against seasonal influenza infection; however, their effectiveness has always been discussed due to the ongoing resistance to antivirals and relatively low and unpredictable efficiency of influenza vaccines compared to other vaccines. The growing interest in vaccines as a promising approach to prevent and control influenza may provide alternative vaccine development options with potentially increased efficiency. In addition to currently available inactivated, live-attenuated, and recombinant influenza vaccines on the market, novel platforms such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and nanoparticles, and new vaccine formulations are presently being explored. These platforms provide the opportunity to design influenza vaccines with improved properties to maximize quality, efficacy, and safety. The influenza vaccine manufacturing process is also moving forward with advancements relating to egg- and cell-based production, purification processes, and studies into the physicochemical attributes and vaccine degradation pathways. These will contribute to the design of more stable, optimized vaccine formulations guided by contemporary analytical testing methods and via the implementation of the latest advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veysel Kayser
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (R.F.N.); (A.A.A.)
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32
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Rajendran M, Krammer F, McMahon M. The Human Antibody Response to the Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Following Infection or Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080846. [PMID: 34451971 PMCID: PMC8402431 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is primarily involved in the release of progeny viruses from infected cells—a critical role for virus replication. Compared to the immuno-dominant hemagglutinin, there are fewer NA subtypes, and NA experiences a slower rate of antigenic drift and reduced immune selection pressure. Furthermore, NA inhibiting antibodies prevent viral egress, thus preventing viral spread. Anti-NA immunity can lessen disease severity, reduce viral shedding, and decrease viral lung titers in humans and various animal models. As a result, there has been a concerted effort to investigate the possibilities of incorporating immunogenic forms of NA as a vaccine antigen in future vaccine formulations. In this review, we discuss NA-based immunity and describe several human NA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have a broad range of protection. We also review vaccine platforms that are investigating NA antigens in pre-clinical models and their potential use for next-generation influenza virus vaccines. The evidence presented here supports the inclusion of immunogenic NA in future influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (M.M.)
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33
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Eiden J, Volckaert B, Rudenko O, Aitchison R, Herber R, Belshe R, Greenberg H, Coelingh K, Marshall D, Kawaoka Y, Neumann G, Bilsel P. Single Replication M2SR Influenza Vaccine Induced Immune Responses Associated with Protection Against Human Challenge with Highly Drifted H3N2 Influenza Strain. J Infect Dis 2021; 226:83-90. [PMID: 34323977 PMCID: PMC9373152 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current influenza vaccines are strain specific and demonstrate low vaccine efficacy against H3N2 influenza disease, especially when vaccine is mismatched to circulating virus. The novel influenza vaccine candidate, M2-deficient single replication (M2SR), induces a broad, multi-effector immune response. Methods A phase 2 challenge study was conducted to assess the efficacy of an M2SR vaccine expressing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from A/Brisbane/10/2007 (Bris2007 M2SR H3N2; clade 1). Four weeks after vaccination, recipients were challenged with antigenically distinct H3N2 virus (A/Belgium/4217/2015, clade 3C.3b) and assessed for infection and clinical symptoms. Results Adverse events after vaccination were mild and similar in frequency for placebo and M2SR recipients. A single dose of Bris2007 M2SR induced neutralizing antibody to the vaccine (48% of recipients) and challenge strain (27% of recipients). Overall, 54% of M2SR recipients were infected after challenge, compared with 71% of placebo recipients. The subset of M2SR recipients with a vaccine-induced microneutralization response against the challenge virus had reduced rates of infection after challenge (38% vs 71% of placebo recipients; P = .050) and reduced illness. Conclusions Study participants with vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies were protected against infection and illness after challenge with an antigenically distinct virus. This is the first demonstration of vaccine-induced protection against a highly drifted H3N2 challenge virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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34
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Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Cross-protective potential of a MF59-adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine in older adults. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:900-901. [PMID: 33577768 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
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35
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Kavian N, Hachim A, Cowling BJ, Valkenburg SA. Repeated influenza vaccination provides cumulative protection from distinct H3N2 viruses. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1297. [PMID: 34136219 PMCID: PMC8200319 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current inactivated influenza vaccines provide suboptimal protection against antigenic drift, and repeated annual vaccinations shape antibody specificity but the effect on protection from infection is not well understood. METHODS We studied the effects of cumulative and staggered vaccinations in mice to determine the effect of influenza vaccination on protection from infection and immune quality. RESULTS We found that the timing of vaccination and antigenic change impacted the quality of immune responses. When mice received two different H3N2 strains (A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016) by staggered timing of vaccination, there were higher H3HA antibody and B-cell memory responses than four cumulative vaccinations or when two vaccinations were successive. Interestingly, after challenge with a lethal-drifted H3N2 virus (A/Hong Kong/1/1968), mice with staggered vaccination were unable to produce high titres of antibodies specific to the challenge strain compared to other vaccination regimens because of high levels of vaccine-specific cross-reactive antibodies. All vaccination regimens resulted in protection, in terms of viral loads and survival, from lethal challenge, while lung IL-6 and inflammation were lowest in staggered or cumulative vaccination groups, indicating further advantage. CONCLUSION Our findings help justify influenza vaccination policies that currently recommend repeat vaccination in infants and annual seasonal vaccination, with no evidence for impaired immunity by repeated seasonal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Kavian
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- Université Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéFaculté de MédecineAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Universitaire Paris CentreCentre Hospitalier Universitaire CochinService d’Immunologie BiologiqueParisFrance
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016Université Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Asmaa Hachim
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina
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36
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Del Campo J, Bouley J, Chevandier M, Rousset C, Haller M, Indalecio A, Guyon-Gellin D, Le Vert A, Hill F, Djebali S, Leverrier Y, Marvel J, Combadière B, Nicolas F. OVX836 Heptameric Nucleoprotein Vaccine Generates Lung Tissue-Resident Memory CD8+ T-Cells for Cross-Protection Against Influenza. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678483. [PMID: 34177921 PMCID: PMC8223747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T-cells play a crucial role in the protection against influenza infection but remain difficult to elicit using recombinant protein vaccines. OVX836 is a recombinant protein vaccine, obtained by the fusion of the DNA sequence of the influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) to the DNA sequence of the OVX313 heptamerization domain. We previously demonstrated that OVX836 provides broad-spectrum protection against influenza viruses. Here, we show that OVX836 intramuscular (IM) immunization induces higher numbers of NP-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T-cells in the lung, compared to mutant NP (NPm) and wild-type NP (NPwt), which form monomeric and trimeric structures, respectively. OVX836 induces cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and high frequencies of lung TRM CD8+ T-cells, while inducing solid protection against lethal influenza virus challenges for at least 90 days. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that protection against diverse influenza subtypes is mediated by NP-specific CD8+ T-cells isolated from the lung and spleen following OVX836 vaccination. OVX836 induces a high number of NP-specific lung CD8+ TRM-cells for long-term protection against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Bouley
- Research and Development Department, Osivax, Lyon, France
| | | | - Carine Rousset
- Research and Development Department, Osivax, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Fergal Hill
- Research and Development Department, Osivax, Lyon, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- Immunity and Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yann Leverrier
- Immunity and Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Immunity and Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Béhazine Combadière
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France
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37
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Xie H, Xiang R, Wan HJ, Plant EP, Radvak P, Kosikova M, Li X, Zoueva O, Ye Z, Wan XF. Reduced Influenza B-Specific Postvaccination Antibody Cross-reactivity in the B/Victoria Lineage-Predominant 2019/20 Season. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e776-e783. [PMID: 32990724 PMCID: PMC8315234 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza activity of the 2019/20 season remained high and widespread in the United States with type B viruses predominating the early season. The majority of B viruses characterized belonged to B/Victoria (B/Vic) lineage and contained a triple deletion of amino acid (aa) 162-164 in hemagglutinin (3DEL). These 3DEL viruses are antigenically distinct from B/Colorado/06/2017 (CO/06)-the B/Vic vaccine component of the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons representing the viruses with a double deletion of aa 162-163 in hemagglutinin (2DEL). METHODS We performed molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of circulating B/Vic viruses. We also conducted hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay using archived human postvaccination sera collected from healthy subjects administered with different types of 2018/19 or 2019/20 seasonal vaccines. Their HAI cross-reactivity to representative 3DEL viruses was analyzed. RESULTS The CO/06-specific human postvaccination sera, after being adjusted for vaccine type, had significantly reduced HAI cross-reactivity toward representative 3DEL viruses, especially the 136E+150K subgroup. The geometric mean titers against 3DEL viruses containing 136E+150K mutations were 1.6-fold lower in all populations (P = .051) and 1.9-fold lower in adults (P = .016) compared with those against the 136E+150N viruses. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that postvaccination antibodies induced by the B/Vic vaccine component of the 2019/20 influenza season had reduced HAI cross-reactivity toward predominant 3DEL viruses in the United States. A close monitoring of the 3DEL 136E+150K subgroup is warranted should this subgroup return and predominate the 2020/21 influenza season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoxuan Xiang
- Division of Biostatistics, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamilton J Wan
- Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ewan P Plant
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Radvak
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Martina Kosikova
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Zoueva
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Yin R, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Kwoh CK. Time series computational prediction of vaccines for influenza A H3N2 with recurrent neural networks. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2021; 18:2040002. [PMID: 32336247 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720020400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are persistently threatening public health, causing annual epidemics and sporadic pandemics due to rapid viral evolution. Vaccines are used to prevent influenza infections but the composition of the influenza vaccines have to be updated regularly to ensure its efficacy. Computational tools and analyses have become increasingly important in guiding the process of vaccine selection. By constructing time-series training samples with splittings and embeddings, we develop a computational method for predicting suitable strains as the recommendation of the influenza vaccines using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The Encoder-decoder architecture of RNN model enables us to perform sequence-to-sequence prediction. We employ this model to predict the prevalent sequence of the H3N2 viruses sampled from 2006 to 2017. The identity between our predicted sequence and recommended vaccines is greater than 98% and the Pepitope<0.2 indicates their antigenic similarity. The multi-step vaccine prediction further demonstrates the robustness of our method which achieves comparable results in contrast to single step prediction. The results show significant matches of the recommended vaccine strains to the circulating strains. We believe it would facilitate the process of vaccine selection and surveillance of seasonal influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xinrui Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chee Keong Kwoh
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Darricarrère N, Qiu Y, Kanekiyo M, Creanga A, Gillespie RA, Moin SM, Saleh J, Sancho J, Chou TH, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Dai S, Moody A, Saunders KO, Crank MC, Mascola JR, Graham BS, Wei CJ, Nabel GJ. Broad neutralization of H1 and H3 viruses by adjuvanted influenza HA stem vaccines in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/583/eabe5449. [PMID: 33658355 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccines confer protection against specific viral strains but have restricted breadth that limits their protective efficacy. The H1 and H3 subtypes of influenza A virus cause most of the seasonal epidemics observed in humans and are the major drivers of influenza A virus-associated mortality. The consequences of pandemic spread of COVID-19 underscore the public health importance of prospective vaccine development. Here, we show that headless hemagglutinin (HA) stabilized-stem immunogens presented on ferritin nanoparticles elicit broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses to diverse H1 and H3 viruses in nonhuman primates (NHPs) when delivered with a squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant, AF03. The neutralization potency and breadth of antibodies isolated from NHPs were comparable to human bnAbs and extended to mismatched heterosubtypic influenza viruses. Although NHPs lack the immunoglobulin germline VH1-69 residues associated with the most prevalent human stem-directed bnAbs, other gene families compensated to generate bnAbs. Isolation and structural analyses of vaccine-induced bnAbs revealed extensive interaction with the fusion peptide on the HA stem, which is essential for viral entry. Antibodies elicited by these headless HA stabilized-stem vaccines neutralized diverse H1 and H3 influenza viruses and shared a mode of recognition analogous to human bnAbs, suggesting that these vaccines have the potential to confer broadly protective immunity against diverse viruses responsible for seasonal and pandemic influenza infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Qiu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian Creanga
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Syed M Moin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jose Sancho
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Te-Hui Chou
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shujia Dai
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michelle C Crank
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chih-Jen Wei
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Sangesland M, Lingwood D. Antibody Focusing to Conserved Sites of Vulnerability: The Immunological Pathways for 'Universal' Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020125. [PMID: 33562627 PMCID: PMC7914524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus remains a serious public health burden due to ongoing viral evolution. Vaccination remains the best measure of prophylaxis, yet current seasonal vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing responses that favor the hypervariable epitopes on the virus. This necessitates yearly reformulations of seasonal vaccines, which can be limited in efficacy and also shortchange pandemic preparedness. Universal vaccine development aims to overcome these deficits by redirecting antibody responses to functionally conserved sites of viral vulnerability to enable broad coverage. However, this is challenging as such antibodies are largely immunologically silent, both following vaccination and infection. Defining and then overcoming the immunological basis for such subdominant or ‘immuno-recessive’ antibody targeting has thus become an important aspect of universal vaccine development. This, coupled with structure-guided immunogen design, has led to proof-of-concept that it is possible to rationally refocus humoral immunity upon normally ‘unseen’ broadly neutralizing antibody targets on influenza virus.
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41
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen X. Adjuvantation of Influenza Vaccines to Induce Cross-Protective Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:75. [PMID: 33494477 PMCID: PMC7911902 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a huge threat to global public health. Influenza vaccines are the most effective and cost-effective means to control influenza. Current influenza vaccines mainly induce neutralizing antibodies against highly variable globular head of hemagglutinin and lack cross-protection. Vaccine adjuvants have been approved to enhance seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy in the elderly and spare influenza vaccine doses. Clinical studies found that MF59 and AS03-adjuvanted influenza vaccines could induce cross-protective immunity against non-vaccine viral strains. In addition to MF59 and AS03 adjuvants, experimental adjuvants, such as Toll-like receptor agonists, saponin-based adjuvants, cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants, and physical adjuvants, are also able to broaden influenza vaccine-induced immune responses against non-vaccine strains. This review focuses on introducing the various types of adjuvants capable of assisting current influenza vaccines to induce cross-protective immunity in preclinical and clinical studies. Mechanisms of licensed MF59 and AS03 adjuvants to induce cross-protective immunity are also introduced. Vaccine adjuvants hold a great promise to adjuvant influenza vaccines to induce cross-protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Blumenkrantz DR, Mehoke T, Shaw-Saliba K, Powell H, Wohlgemuth N, Liu H, Macias E, Evans J, Lewis M, Medina R, Hardick J, Sauer LM, Dugas A, DuVal A, Lane AP, Gaydos C, Rothman R, Thielen P, Pekosz A. Identification of H3N2 NA and PB1-F2 genetic variants and their association with disease symptoms during the 2014-15 influenza season. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab047. [PMID: 34131512 PMCID: PMC8197029 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2014-15 influenza season saw the emergence of an H3N2 antigenic drift variant that formed the 3C.2a HA clade. Whole viral genomes were sequenced from nasopharyngeal swabs of ninety-four patients with confirmed influenza A virus infection and primary human nasal epithelial cell cultures used to efficiently isolate H3N2 viruses. The isolates were classified by HA clade and the presence of a new set of co-selected mutations in NA (a glycosylation site, NAg+) and PB1-F2 (H75P). The NA and PB1-F2 mutations were present in a subset of clade 3C.2a viruses (NAg+F2P), which dominated during the subsequent influenza seasons. In human nasal epithelial cell cultures, a virus with the novel NAg+F2P genotype replicated less well compared with a virus with the parental genotype. Retrospective analyses of clinical data showed that NAg+F2P genotype viruses were associated with increased cough and shortness of breath in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena R Blumenkrantz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Mehoke
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,Laurel, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harrison Powell
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Wohlgemuth
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Hsuan Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Macias
- Epidemiology Laboratory Service, United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
| | - Jared Evans
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Mitra Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Medina
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Hardick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren M Sauer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Dugas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna DuVal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte Gaydos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Rothman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Thielen
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,Laurel, MD, USA
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43
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Mahallawi WH, Ibrahim NA, Alahmadi KS, Al-Harbi AK, Almughthawi MA, Alhazmi OA, Alsehli FH, Khabour OF. Natural immunity to influenza A and B among Saudi blood donors in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2020; 41:1301-1307. [PMID: 33294887 PMCID: PMC7841591 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.12.05582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the seroprevalence of influenza viruses (A and B) among blood donors in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The present investigation was conducted between April 2019 and July 2019. Participants were healthy adults recruited from the central blood bank Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against influenza A and B were measured in serum samples using ELISA. Results: The results showed that 29.2% of the sample had significant concentrations of influenza A IgG antibody, whereas 38.6% had significant concentrations of influenza B IgG antibody. A strong correlation was found between the levels of influenza A and influenza B antibodies (r=0.708, p<0.001). The number of individuals identified as negative for influenza A IgG antibody increased with age (p<0.01). In addition, no correlations were identified between influenza A IgG and influenza B IgG and body mass index (BMI), (p>0.05). Finally, linear regression analysis showed that the level of influenza A antibody can be predicted by age (p<0.05) and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Approximately one-third of Saudi Arabian adults presented significant levels of influenza A and B antibodies in our study. Demographic factors, including age and BMI, might contribute to influenza A antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed H Mahallawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Kim YH, Bang YJ, Park HJ, Li Ko H, Park SI, Hwang KA, Kim H, Nam JH. Inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant confers mucosal immunity and cross-protection against influenza virus infection. Vaccine 2020; 38:6141-6152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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45
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Park JK, Xiao Y, Ramuta MD, Rosas LA, Fong S, Matthews AM, Freeman AD, Gouzoulis MA, Batchenkova NA, Yang X, Scherler K, Qi L, Reed S, Athota R, Czajkowski L, Han A, Morens DM, Walters KA, Memoli MJ, Kash JC, Taubenberger JK. Pre-existing immunity to influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk might drive selection for antibody-escape mutant viruses in a human challenge model. Nat Med 2020; 26:1240-1246. [PMID: 32601336 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The conserved region of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stalk (or stem) has gained attention as a potent target for universal influenza vaccines1-5. Although the HA stalk region is relatively well conserved, the evolutionarily dynamic nature of influenza viruses6 raises concerns about the possible emergence of viruses carrying stalk escape mutation(s) under sufficient immune pressure. Here we show that immune pressure on the HA stalk can lead to expansion of escape mutant viruses in study participants challenged with a 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus inoculum containing an A388V polymorphism in the HA stalk (45% wild type and 55% mutant). High level of stalk antibody titers was associated with the selection of the mutant virus both in humans and in vitro. Although the mutant virus showed slightly decreased replication in mice, it was not observed in cell culture, ferrets or human challenge participants. The A388V mutation conferred resistance to some of the potent HA stalk broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs). Co-culture of wild-type and mutant viruses in the presence of either a bNAb or human serum resulted in rapid expansion of the mutant. These data shed light on a potential obstacle for the success of HA-stalk-targeting universal influenza vaccines-viral escape from vaccine-induced stalk immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Keun Park
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongli Xiao
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell D Ramuta
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luz Angela Rosas
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Fong
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexis M Matthews
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley D Freeman
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica A Gouzoulis
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia A Batchenkova
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingdong Yang
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Li Qi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Reed
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rani Athota
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Czajkowski
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison Han
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M Morens
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Memoli
- LID Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John C Kash
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Kubo M, Miyauchi K. Breadth of Antibody Responses during Influenza Virus Infection and Vaccination. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:394-405. [PMID: 32265127 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a major public health problem, causing severe respiratory diseases. Vaccines offer the effective protective strategy against influenza virus infection. However, the systemic and adaptive immune responses to infection and vaccination are quite different. Inactivated vaccines are the best available countermeasure to induce effective antibodies against the emerged virus, but the response is narrow compared with potential breadth of virus infection. There is solid evidence to indicate that antibody responses to natural infection are relatively broad and exhibit quite different immunodominance patterns. Furthermore, T follicular helper cells (TFH) and germinal center (GC) responses play a central role in generating broad protective antibodies. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the contribution of TFH and GC responses to the breadth of antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Miyauchi
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Miller SM, Cybulski V, Whitacre M, Bess LS, Livesay MT, Walsh L, Burkhart D, Bazin HG, Evans JT. Novel Lipidated Imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 Adjuvants Elicit Influenza-Specific Th1 Immune Responses and Protect Against Heterologous H3N2 Influenza Challenge in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32210973 PMCID: PMC7075946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most licensed seasonal influenza vaccines are non-adjuvanted and rely primarily on vaccine-induced antibody titers for protection. As such, seasonal antigenic drift and suboptimal vaccine strain selection often results in reduced vaccine efficacy. Further, seasonal H3N2 influenza vaccines demonstrate poor efficacy compared to H1N1 and influenza type B vaccines. New vaccines, adjuvants, or delivery technologies that can induce broader or cross-seasonal protection against drifted influenza virus strains, likely through induction of protective T cell responses, are urgently needed. Here, we report novel lipidated TLR7/8 ligands that act as strong adjuvants to promote influenza-virus specific Th1-and Th17-polarized T cell responses and humoral responses in mice with no observable toxicity. Further, the adjuvanted influenza vaccine provided protection against a heterologous H3N2 influenza challenge in mice. These responses were further enhanced when combined with a synthetic TLR4 ligand adjuvant. Despite differences between human and mouse TLR7/8, these novel lipidated imidazoquinolines induced the production of cytokines required to polarize a Th1 and Th17 immune response in human PBMCs providing additional support for further development of these compounds as novel adjuvants for the induction of broad supra-seasonal protection from influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Margaret Whitacre
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Laura S. Bess
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Mark T. Livesay
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Lois Walsh
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - David Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Hélène G. Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jay T. Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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Abstract
The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape from these responses over time owing to their high mutation rates and antigenic flexibility. Vaccines are the best available countermeasure against infection, but vaccine effectiveness is low compared with other viral vaccines, and the induced immune response is narrow and short-lived. Furthermore, inactivated influenza virus vaccines focus on the induction of systemic IgG responses but do not effectively induce mucosal IgA responses. Here, I review the differences between natural infection and vaccination in terms of the antibody responses they induce and how these responses protect against future infection. A better understanding of how natural infection induces broad and long-lived immune responses will be key to developing next-generation influenza virus vaccines.
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49
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Kavian N, Hachim A, Li APY, Cohen CA, Chin AWH, Poon LLM, Fang VJ, Leung NHL, Cowling BJ, Valkenburg SA. Assessment of enhanced influenza vaccination finds that FluAd conveys an advantage in mice and older adults. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1107. [PMID: 32025302 PMCID: PMC6997034 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enhanced inactivated influenza vaccines (eIIV) aim to increase immunogenicity and protection compared with the widely used standard IIV (S-IIV). METHODS We tested four vaccines in parallel, FluZone high dose, FluBlok and FluAd versus S-IIV in a randomised controlled trial of older adults and in a mouse infection model to assess immunogenicity, protection from lethal challenge and mechanisms of action. RESULTS In older adults, FluAd vaccination stimulated a superior antibody profile, including H3-HA antibodies that were elevated for up to 1 year after vaccination, higher avidity H3HA IgG and larger HA stem IgG responses. In a mouse model, FluAd also elicited an earlier and larger induction of HA stem antibodies with increased germinal centre responses and upregulation and long-term expression of B-cell switch transcription factors. Long-term cross-reactive memory responses were sustained by FluAd following lethal heterosubtypic influenza challenge, with reduced lung damage and viral loads, coinciding with increased T- and B-cell recall. Advantages were also noted for the high-dose FluZone vaccine in both humans and mice. CONCLUSION The early, broadly reactive and long-lived antibody response of FluAd indicates a potential advantage of this vaccine, particularly in years when there is a mismatch between the vaccine strain and the circulating strain of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Kavian
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Service d'Immunologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire CochinFaculté de MédecineAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Universitaire Paris CentreUniversité Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016Université Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Asmaa Hachim
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Athena PY Li
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Carolyn A Cohen
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Alex WH Chin
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Leo LM Poon
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Vicky J Fang
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Nancy HL Leung
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
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50
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Lutz CS, Fink RV, Cloud AJ, Stevenson J, Kim D, Fiebelkorn AP. Factors associated with perceptions of influenza vaccine safety and effectiveness among adults, United States, 2017-2018. Vaccine 2019; 38:1393-1401. [PMID: 31883808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is widely recognized as the primary intervention method in preventing morbidity and mortality from influenza, but coverage among adults is suboptimal in the United States. Safety and effectiveness perceptions regarding vaccines are consistently cited as factors that influence adults' decisions to accept or reject vaccination. Therefore, we conducted this analysis in order to understand sociodemographic, attitude, and knowledge factors associated with these perceptions for influenza vaccine among adults in three different age groups. METHODS Probability-based Internet panel surveys using nationally representative samples of adults aged ≥19 years in the United States were conducted during February-March of 2017 and 2018. We asked respondents if they believed the influenza vaccine was safe and effective. We calculated prevalence ratios using chi-square and pairwise t-tests to determine associations between safety and effectiveness beliefs and sociodemographic variables for adults aged 19-49, 50-64, and ≥65 years. RESULTS Survey completion rates were 58.2% (2017) and 57.2% (2018); we analyzed 4597 combined responses. Overall, most adults reported the influenza vaccine was safe (86.3%) and effective (73.0%). However, fewer younger adults reported positive perceptions compared with older age groups. Respondents who believed the vaccine was safe also reported it was effective. CONCLUSIONS Generally, adults perceived the influenza vaccine as safe and effective. Considering this, any improvements to these perceptions would likely be minor and have a limited effect on coverage. Future research to understand why, despite positive perceptions, adults are still choosing to forego the vaccine may be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S Lutz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC, United States; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Rebecca V Fink
- Westat, Rockville, MD, United States; Abt Associates, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Ann J Cloud
- Abt Associates, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - John Stevenson
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David Kim
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Vaccines, Office of Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS, Office of Assistant Secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Amy Parker Fiebelkorn
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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