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Li Y, Zeng J, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zhang J, Shen X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y. A Review of N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)- N'-phenyl- p-Phenylenediamine (6PPD) and Its Derivative 6PPD-Quinone in the Environment. TOXICS 2024; 12:394. [PMID: 38922074 PMCID: PMC11209267 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
As an antioxidant and antiozonant, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is predominantly used in the rubber industry to prevent degradation. However, 6PPD can be ozonated to generate a highly toxic transformation product called N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone), which is toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Thus, 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone, two emerging contaminants, have attracted extensive attention recently. This review discussed the levels and distribution of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone in the environment and investigated their toxic effects on a series of organisms. 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone have been widely found in air, water, and dust, while data on soil, sediment, and biota are scarce. 6PPD-quinone can cause teratogenic, developmental, reproductive, neuronal, and genetic toxicity for organisms, at environmentally relevant concentrations. Future research should pay more attention to the bioaccumulation, biomagnification, transformation, and toxic mechanisms of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjin Liang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Xingze Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
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Salgado Kiefer YCDS, Ferreira MB, da Luz JZ, Filipak Neto F, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid metabolite (AMPA) modulate the phenotype of murine melanoma B16-F1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104429. [PMID: 38527596 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are contaminants run-offs from agricultural areas with a global concern due to their toxicity for non-target organisms. The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency reported about 63% of the food contain pesticide residues. Glyphosate is a herbicide used worldwide but its toxicity is not a consensus among specialists around the world. AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) is a glyphosate metabolite that can be more toxic than the parental molecule. Melanoma murine B16-F1 cells were exposed to glyphosate and AMPA to investigate the cell profile and possible induction to a more malignant phenotype. Glyphosate modulated the multi-drug resistance mechanisms by ABCB5 gene expression, decreasing cell attachment, increasing cell migration and inducing extracellular vesicles production, and the cells exposed to AMPA revealed potential damages to DNA. The present study observed that AMPA exhibits high cytotoxicity, which suggests a potential impact on non-tumor cells, which are, in general, more susceptible to chemical exposure. Conversely, glyphosate favored a more metastatic and chemoresistant behavior in cancer cells, highlighting the importance of additional research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvanna Carla de Souza Salgado Kiefer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Marianna Boia Ferreira
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Jessica Zablocki da Luz
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil.
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Jenkins HM, Meeker JD, Zimmerman E, Cathey A, Fernandez J, Montañez GH, Park S, Pabón ZR, Vélez Vega CM, Cordero JF, Alshawabkeh A, Watkins DJ. Gestational glyphosate exposure and early childhood neurodevelopment in a Puerto Rico birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118114. [PMID: 38211716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, or glyphosate, is a non-selective systemic herbicide widely used in agricultural, industrial, and residential settings since 1974. Glyphosate exposure has been inconsistently linked to neurotoxicity in animals, and studies of effects of gestational exposure among humans are scarce. In this study we investigated relationships between prenatal urinary glyphosate analytes and early childhood neurodevelopment. METHODS Mother-child pairs from the PROTECT-CRECE birth cohort in Puerto Rico with measures for both maternal urinary glyphosate analytes and child neurodevelopment were included for analysis (n = 143). Spot urine samples were collected 1-3 times throughout pregnancy and analyzed for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), an environmental degradant of glyphosate. Child neurodevelopment was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd edition Spanish (BDI-2), which provides scores for adaptive, personal-social, communication, motor, and cognitive domains. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between the geometric mean of maternal urinary glyphosate analytes across pregnancy and BDI-2 scores at each follow-up. Results were expressed as percent change in BDI-2 score per interquartile range increase in exposure. RESULTS Prenatal AMPA concentrations were negatively associated with communication domain at 12 months (%change = -5.32; 95%CI: 9.04, -1.61; p = 0.007), and communication subdomain scores at 12 and 24 months. At 24 months, four BDI-2 domains were associated with AMPA: adaptive (%change = -3.15; 95%CI: 6.05, -0.25; p = 0.038), personal-social (%change = -4.37; 95%CI: 7.48, -1.26; p = 0.008), communication (%change = -7.00; 95%CI: 11.75, -2.26; p = 0.005), and cognitive (%change = -4.02; 95%CI: 6.72, -1.32; p = 0.005). Similar trends were observed with GLY concentrations, but most confidence intervals include zero. We found no significant associations at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gestational exposure to glyphosate is associated with adverse early neurodevelopment, with more pronounced delays at 24 months. Given glyphosate's wide usage, further investigation into the impact of gestational glyphosate exposure on neurodevelopment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Jenkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Amber Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jennifer Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Gredia Huerta Montañez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Seonyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Zaira Rosario Pabón
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Carmen M Vélez Vega
- Department of Social Sciences, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, San Juan, PR, 00936, USA.
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Singh R, Shukla A, Kaur G, Girdhar M, Malik T, Mohan A. Systemic Analysis of Glyphosate Impact on Environment and Human Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6165-6183. [PMID: 38371781 PMCID: PMC10870391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
With a growing global population, agricultural scientists are focusing on crop production management and the creation of new strategies for a higher agricultural output. However, the growth of undesirable plants besides the primary crop poses a significant challenge in agriculture, necessitating the massive application of herbicides to eradicate this problem. Several synthetic herbicides are widely utilized, with glyphosate emerging as a potential molecule for solving this emerging issue; however, it has several environmental and health consequences. Several weed species have evolved resistance to this herbicide, therefore lowering agricultural yield. The persistence of glyphosate residue in the environment, such as in water and soil systems, is due to the misuse of glyphosate in agricultural regions, which causes its percolation into groundwater via the vertical soil profile. As a result, it endangers many nontarget organisms existing in the natural environment, which comprises both soil and water. The current Review aims to provide a systemic analysis of glyphosate, its various effects on the environment, its subsequent impact on human health and animals, which will lead us toward a better understanding of the issues about herbicide usage and aid in managing it wisely, as in the near the future glyphosate market is aiming for a positive forecast until 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reenu Singh
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Akanksha Shukla
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gurdeep Kaur
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Madhuri Girdhar
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma 00000, Ethiopia
| | - Anand Mohan
- School
of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Schedenffeldt BF, Siqueira BBR, Oliva da Silva R, Monquero PA. Toxicity assessment of commercial herbicide formulations to Eisenia andrei (Bouché, 1972) in oxisols. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141118. [PMID: 38199501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of long-residual herbicides can have adverse effects on terrestrial ecosystems. This study assessed the acute and chronic toxicity and avoidance behavior of Eisenia andrei earthworms exposed to nominal concentrations of clomazone, indaziflam, and sulfentrazone, using recommended commercial formulations for sugarcane cultivation. The formulations included Gamit® 360 CS (360 g L-1 of the active ingredient - a.i. - clomazone), Boral® 500 SC (500 g L-1 of a.i. sulfentrazone), and Alion® (500 g L-1 of a.i. indaziflam). Boral® 500 SC induced avoidance at concentrations as low as 1 mg kg-1, while Gamit® 360 CS and Alion® exhibited higher avoidance at 50-75 mg kg-1 and 75-100 mg a.i. kg-1, respectively. Reproduction tests showed significant impacts from Gamit® 360 CS (EC50: 0.572 mg kg-1, EC10: 0.2144 mg kg-1) and Boral® 500 SC (EC50: 0.3941 mg kg-1, EC10: 0.134 mg kg-1). Acute toxicity tests indicated moderate toxicity for Gamit® 360 CS (LC50: 184.12 mg kg-1) and Boral® 500 SC (LC50: 1000 mg kg-1). Gamit® 360 CS reduced biomass at all concentrations, while Boral® 500 SC influenced only at higher levels (500 and 1000 mg kg-1). Results suggest significant acute risks with Gamit® 360 CS, while chronic exposure raises concerns for both Gamit® 360 CS and Boral® 500 SC, indicating potential long-term risks. Alion®'s acute effects were inconclusive, but chronic exposure hints at a possible risk. These findings provide crucial insights for environmental agencies establishing protective limits against herbicide exposure to non-target soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ferrari Schedenffeldt
- Graduate Program in Agriculture and Environment, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Lima E Silva C, Pelosi C. Effects of glyphosate on earthworms: From fears to facts. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023. [PMID: 38035873 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicide worldwide, contaminating water, soils, and living organisms. Earthworms are emblematic soil organisms used as indicators of soil quality, but knowledge about the impacts of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) on these key soil organisms is scattered. Here, we examine this knowledge in detail to answer four questions: (1) Which endpoint is the most sensitive when assessing the effects of glyphosate or GBH in earthworms? (2) Which is most toxic to earthworms: glyphosate or GBH? (3) Are glyphosate and GBH harmful to earthworms when used at the recommended application dose? (4) What are the interactions between glyphosate or GBH and other chemicals in earthworms? The results indicate that a weak legislation led to improper assessment of the ecotoxicity of glyphosate during the last renewal in 2017. Our findings also highlighted that negative effects can occur in earthworms at the recommended application rate, although not after only a single application or when considering only the mortality of adult individuals. However, under more realistic conditions, that is, when assessing sensitive endpoints (e.g., reproduction, growth) and using species present in the field, after several applications per year, the negative effects of glyphosate or GBH on earthworms were observed at the subindividual, individual, population, and community levels, as well as on earthworm-mediated functions. Our recommendations are as follows: (i) competent agencies should collect more information on the toxicity of these compounds to earthworms before the next renewal deadline, with emphasis on the use of the updated legislation on the topic, and (ii) scientists should increase research on the effects of these herbicides on soil invertebrate species, with emphasis on earthworms, using guideline tests and obtain data from long-term field testing. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1-7. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, France
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Ferreira NGC, da Silva KA, Guimarães ATB, de Oliveira CMR. Hotspots of soil pollution: Possible glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid risks on terrestrial ecosystems and human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108135. [PMID: 37647703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The study presents a literature review of glyphosate (GLY) occurrence and its breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in soils worldwide, but with a specific focus on South America. In addition, an ecological risk approach based on the ecotoxicological endpoints for key soil biota (e.g., collembolans, and earthworms) assessed the impact of GLY and AMPA on these organisms. A generic probabilistic model for human health risk was also calculated for the different world regions. For what reports the risk for edaphic species and the level of pollution under the worst-case scenario, the South American continent was identified as the region of most concern. Nonetheless, other areas may also be in danger, but no risk could be calculated due to the lack of data. Since tropical countries are the top food exporters worldwide, the results obtained in this study must be carefully examined for their implications on a global scale. Some of the factors behind the high levels of these two chemicals in soils are debated (e.g., permissive protection policies, the extensive use of genetically modified crops), and some possible guidelines are presented that include, for example, further environmental characterisation and management of pesticide residues. The present review integrates data that can be used as a base by policymakers and decision-makers to develop and implement environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G C Ferreira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Biosciences - Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Karlo Alves da Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil.
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Cheron M, Brischoux F. Exposure to Low Concentrations of AMPA Influences Morphology and Decreases Survival During Larval Development in a Widespread Amphibian Species. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y. [PMID: 37468648 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is one of the most widely detected anthropogenic substance in surface waters worldwide. However, ecotoxicological studies on the potential effects of this metabolite at environmental concentrations on wildlife are scarce. Yet, due to its chemical properties, AMPA is likely to affect non-target species. In this study, we investigated sublethal effects of environmental concentrations of AMPA on the larval development of a widespread amphibian species, the spined toad Bufo spinosus. We performed a factorial experiment to study the effect of concentration and the timing of exposure (during embryonic development, larval development or both) to AMPA on the morphology, rate of development and survival of tadpoles. AMPA and timing of exposure interactively affected tadpole size (individuals exposed to AMPA after hatching were transitorily smaller, while individuals exposed to AMPA before hatching were longer), but not duration of development. Most of these effects were linked to exposure during embryonic development. Such effects in individuals exposed during embryonic development solely were long-lasting and persisted until the latest larval stages. Finally, we found that exposure to AMPA after hatching (during the larval stage) increased mortality. Exposure to low environmental concentrations of AMPA could have long-lasting consequences on fitness and population persistence. These findings are especially important to take into account at a time when multiple threats can interact to affect wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
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9
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Aslam S, Jing Y, Nowak KM. Fate of glyphosate and its degradation products AMPA, glycine and sarcosine in an agricultural soil: Implications for environmental risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130847. [PMID: 36696778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate can be biodegraded via the aminomethylphosponic acid (AMPA) and the sarcosine/glycine pathway leading to the formation of three intermediate products AMPA, sarcosine or glycine. The fate of the three intermediate compounds of glyphosate biodegradation including nature of non-extractable residues (NERs; harmless biogenic [NERsbiogenic] versus hazardous xenobiotic [NERsxenobiotic]) in soils has not been investigated yet. This information is crucial for an assessment of environmental risks related to the speciation of glyphosate-derived NERs which may stem from glyphosate intermediates. Therefore, we incubated 13C- and 15N-labeled glyphosate (2-13C,15N-glyphosate) and its degradation product AMPA (13C,15N-AMPA), sarcosine (13C3,15N-sarcosine) or glycine (13C2,15N-glycine) in an agricultural soil separately for a period of 75 days. 13C2-glycine and 13C3-sarcosine mineralized rapidly compared to 2-13C-glyphosate and 13C-AMPA. The mineralization of 13C-AMPA was lowest among all four compounds due to its persistent nature. Only 0.5% of the initially added 2-13C,15N-glyphosate and still about 30% of the initially added 13C,15N-AMPA was extracted from soil after 75 days. The NERs formed from 13C,15N-AMPA were mostly NERsxenobiotic as compared to other three compounds for which significant amounts of NERsbiogenic were determined. We noticed 2-13C,15N-glyphosate was biodegraded via two biodegradation pathways simultaneously; however, the sarcosine/glycine pathway with the formation of harmless NERsbiogenic presumably dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Aslam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yuying Jing
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karolina M Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Wu J, Sun X, Wu C, Hong X, Xie L, Shi Z, Zhao L, Du Q, Xiao W, Sun J, Wang J. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals liver injury induced by glyphosate in mice. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:11. [PMID: 36739397 PMCID: PMC9898913 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate (GLY), as the active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide worldwide, is commonly detected in the environment and living organisms, including humans. Its toxicity and carcinogenicity in mammals remain controversial. Several studies have demonstrated the hepatotoxicity of GLY; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), immunofluorescent staining, and in vivo animal studies, we analyzed the liver tissues from untreated and GLY-treated mice. RESULTS We generated the first scRNA-seq atlas of GLY-exposed mouse liver. GLY induced varied cell composition, shared or cell-type-specific transcriptional alterations, and dysregulated cell-cell communication and thus exerted hepatotoxicity effects. The oxidative stress and inflammatory response were commonly upregulated in several cell types. We also observed activation and upregulated phagocytosis in macrophages, as well as proliferation and extracellular matrix overproduction in hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive single-cell transcriptional picture of the toxic effect of GLY in the liver, which offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the GLY-associated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Wu
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Xiuping Sun
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Chunyi Wu
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Lulin Xie
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Zixu Shi
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Liang Zhao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Pathology and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qingfeng Du
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Wei Xiao
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125 Guangdong China
| | - Jichao Sun
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Jigang Wang
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523125 Guangdong China ,grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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11
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Arrigo E, Gilardi S, Muratori L, Raimondo S, Mancardi D. Biological effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate and AMPA on cardiac myoblasts. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165868. [PMID: 37168227 PMCID: PMC10164986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is the active compound of different non-selective herbicides, being the most used agriculture pesticide worldwide. Glyphosate and AMPA (one of its main metabolites) are common pollutants of water, soil, and food sources such as crops. They can be detected in biological samples from both exposed workers and general population. Despite glyphosate acts as inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, present only in plants and some microorganisms, its safety in mammals is still debated. Acute glyphosate intoxications are correlated to cardiovascular/neuronal damages, but little is known about the effects of the chronic exposure. Methods: We evaluated the direct biological effects of different concentrations of pure glyphosate/AMPA on a rat-derived cell line of cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) in acute (1-2 h) or sub-chronic (24-48 h) settings. We analyzed cell viability/morphology, ROS production and mitochondrial dynamics. Results: Acute exposure to high doses (above 10 mM) of glyphosate and AMPA triggers immediate cytotoxic effects: reduction in cell viability, increased ROS production, morphological alterations and mitochondrial function. When exposed to lower glyphosate concentrations (1 μM-1 mM), H9c2 cells showed only a slight variation in cell viability and ROS production, while mitochondrial dynamic was unvaried. Moreover, the phenotype was completely restored after 48 h of treatment. Surprisingly, the sub-chronic (48 h) treatment with low concentrations (1 μM-1 mM) of AMPA led to a late cytotoxic response, reflected in a reduction in H9c2 viability. Conclusion: The comprehension of the extent of human exposure to these molecules remains pivotal to have a better critical view of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Arrigo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
| | - Sara Gilardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
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12
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Mohammadi K, Sani MA, Safaei P, Rahmani J, Molaee-Aghaee E, Jafari SM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impacts of glyphosate on the reproductive hormones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62030-62041. [PMID: 34453247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide use of glyphosate is constantly increasing and its residues are detected in drinking water, agriculture, and food products. There are controversial data regarding the potential reproductive adverse effects of glyphosate herbicide. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies in which the alteration of at least one sexual hormone including testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol was reported as a measured outcome in rats. In November 2020, 284 articles were screened, of which eight were eligible for the meta-analysis. An overall considerable effect of glyphosate exposure was found on decreasing of testosterone (7 studies, WMD = - 1.48 ng/mL; 95% CI, - 2.34 to - 0.61; P = 0.001), LH (3 studies, WMD = - 2.03 mIu/mL; 95% CI, - 3.34 to - 0.71; P = 0.003), and FSH (3 studies, WMD = - 2.28 mIu/mL; 95% CI, - 5.12 to 0.55; P = 0.115). According to our results, glyphosate intake could have major effects on the health of reproductive system. Consequently, strict monitoring of the residual glyphosate content in the drinking water, agricultural crops, and food products is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Safaei
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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13
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Jorge-Escudero G, Pérez Polanco M, Lagerlöf JE, Pérez CA, Míguez D. Commercial Fungicide Toxic Effects on Terrestrial Non-Target Species Might Be Underestimated When Based Solely on Active Ingredient Toxicity and Standard Earthworm Tests. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090488. [PMID: 36136453 PMCID: PMC9502452 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ecosystem services provided by earthworms are lost when land management reduces their populations, hence, the importance of thorough assessments of management effects on this group. The present study aimed to: (1) review the possible influence of other ingredients within the formulations of two commercial fungicides; (2) assess the sublethal effects of these commercial fungicides on Eisenia fetida; and (3) assess the acute lethal effects of one commercial fungicide on both Glossoscolex rione and E. fetida. Examining all components of the studied commercial formulations revealed that alongside the toxic active ingredients are other ingredients that are equally as or more toxic than the former and may even be in higher concentrations. The inhibition concentration of 10% of E. fetida’s progeny (IC10) was estimated at 133 mg kg−1 for PROSARO® and 1544 mg kg−1 for SWING PLUS®. Both fungicides showed an effect of hormesis on the progeny. In this first toxicity study with G. rione, it was found that this species is more sensitive to PROSARO® than E. fetida, with preliminary 14 day-lethal concentrations of 285 mg kg−1 for the former and >1000 mg kg−1 for the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Jorge-Escudero
- Departamento de Sistemas Ambientales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Pérez Polanco
- Departamento de Sistemas Ambientales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Jan Erland Lagerlöf
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos Alberto Pérez
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, EEMAC, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Diana Míguez
- Latitud-LATU Foundation, Technological Laboratory of Uruguay (LATU), Montevideo 11500, Uruguay
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14
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Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of glyphosate (N-(phosphomethyl) glycine) in 1974, it has been the most used nonselective and broad-spectrum herbicide around the world. The widespread use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is due to their low-cost efficiency in killing weeds, their rapid absorption by plants, and the general mistaken perception of their low toxicity to the environment and living organisms. As a consequence of the intensive use and accumulation of glyphosate and its derivatives on environmental sources, major concerns about the harmful side effects of glyphosate and its metabolites on human, plant, and animal health, and for water and soil quality, are emerging. Glyphosate can reach water bodies by soil leaching, runoff, and sometimes by the direct application of some approved formulations. Moreover, glyphosate can reach nontarget plants by different mechanisms, such as spray application, release through the tissue of treated plants, and dead tissue from weeds. As a consequence of this nontarget exposure, glyphosate residues are being detected in the food chains of diverse products, such as bread, cereal products, wheat, vegetable oil, fruit juice, beer, wine, honey, eggs, and others. The World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans in 2015 by the IARC. Thus, many review articles concerning different glyphosate-related aspects have been published recently. The risks, disagreements, and concerns regarding glyphosate usage have led to a general controversy about whether glyphosate should be banned, restricted, or promoted. Thus, this review article makes an overview of the basis for scientists, regulatory agencies, and the public in general, with consideration to the facts on and recommendations for the future of glyphosate usage.
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15
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Cosemans C, Van Larebeke N, Janssen BG, Martens DS, Baeyens W, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Coertjens D, Nelen V, Schoeters G, Hoppe HW, Wolfs E, Smeets K, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. Glyphosate and AMPA exposure in relation to markers of biological aging in an adult population-based study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 240:113895. [PMID: 34883335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are persistent in the environment. Studies showed associations between glyphosate or AMPA exposure and several adverse cellular processes, including metabolic alterations and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between glyphosate and AMPA exposure and biomarkers of biological aging. METHODS We examined glyphosate and AMPA exposure, mtDNA content and leukocyte telomere length in 181 adults, included in the third cycle of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHSIII). DNA was isolated from leukocytes and the relative mtDNA content and telomere length were determined using qPCR. Urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were measured by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). We used multiple linear regression models to associate mtDNA content and leukocyte telomere length with glyphosate or AMPA exposure while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS A doubling in urinary AMPA concentration was associated with 5.19% (95% CI: 0.49 to 10.11; p = 0.03) longer leukocyte telomere length, while no association was observed with urinary glyphosate concentration. No association between mtDNA content and urinary glyphosate nor AMPA levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that AMPA exposure may be associated with telomere biology in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Dries Coertjens
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Esther Wolfs
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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16
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Cheron M, Costantini D, Angelier F, Ribout C, Brischoux F. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) alters oxidative status during embryonic development in an amphibian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131882. [PMID: 34509012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) is known to alter embryonic development at environmentally relevant concentrations in amphibians. However, we have limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms through which AMPA affects organisms. In this study, we tested whether alteration of the oxidative status is one mechanism through which AMPA affects organism performance. To this end, we analysed several oxidative status markers in hatchling tadpoles that were exposed to sublethal concentrations of AMPA during embryonic development (~16 days). We compared the influence of environmentally relevant concentrations of AMPA (from 0.07 to 3.57 μg l-1) on the relation between developmental traits (i.e, embryonic development duration, embryonic mortality and hatchling size) and oxidative status markers known to alter homeostasis when unbalanced (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), thiols and ratios thereof). We included measures of telomere length as an indicator of physiological state. We found that AMPA concentrations induce non-monotonic effects on some oxidative status markers with hatchlings displaying elevated antioxidant responses (elevated thiols and unbalanced SOD/(GPx + CAT) ratio). The lack of effect of AMPA on the relation between developmental traits, oxidative status and telomere length suggests that selective mortality of embryos susceptible to oxidative stress may have occurred prior to hatching in individuals less resistant to AMPA which display lower hatching success. Future studies are required to disentangle whether oxidative unbalance is a cause or a consequence of AMPA exposition. This study highlights the need to investigate effects of the metabolites of contaminants at environmental concentrations to comprehensively assess impacts of anthropogenic contamination on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 Rue Cuvier, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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17
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Determination of Glyphosate and AMPA in Food Samples Using Membrane Extraction Technique for Analytes Preconcentration. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010020. [PMID: 35054546 PMCID: PMC8781213 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The method for determining glyphosate (NPG) and its metabolite AMPA (aminomethyl phosphonic acid) in solid food samples using UAE-SLM-HPLC–PDA technique was developed. Firstly, ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UAE) and protein precipitation step were used for the analyte isolation. Then, the supernatant was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in distilled water (100 mL). The obtained solution was alkalized to pH 11 (with 1 M NaOH) and used directly as donor phase in SLM (supported liquid membrane) extraction. The SLM extraction was performed using 2 M NaCl (5 mL) as an acceptor phase. The flow rate of both phases (donor and acceptor) was set at 0.2 mL/min. The membrane extraction took 24 h but did not require any additional workload. Finally, the SLM extracts were analyzed using the HPLC technique with photo-diode array detector (PDA) and an application of pre-column derivatization with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Glyphosate residues were determined in food samples of walnuts, soybeans, barley and lentil samples. The LOD values obtained for the studied food were 0.002 μg g−1 and 0.021 μg g−1 for NPG and AMPA, respectively. Recoveries values ranged from 32% to 69% for NPG, 29% to 56% for AMPA and depended on the type of sample matrix. In the case of buckwheat and rice flour samples, the content of NPG and AMPA was below the detection level of a used analytical method.
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18
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Mendes EJ, Malage L, Rocha DC, Kitamura RSA, Gomes SMA, Navarro-Silva MA, Gomes MP. Isolated and combined effects of glyphosate and its by-product aminomethylphosphonic acid on the physiology and water remediation capacity of Salvinia molesta. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125694. [PMID: 34229404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the isolated and combined effects of glyphosate and its by-product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and the potential of the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia molesta to remove these chemicals from contaminated water. Plants were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg l-1) or AMPA (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 µg l-1) for seven days. Then, based on the effective concentrations of glyphosate found to reduce photosynthetic rates by 10% (EC10) and 50% (EC50), the plants were exposed to combinations of 0, 16 and 63.5 µg glyphosate l-1 and 0, 5, 15, 25 µg AMPA l-1. The EC(10) and EC(50) were lower for AMPA (6.1 µg l-1 and 28.4 µg l-1 respectively) than for glyphosate (16 and 63.5 µg glyphosate l-1 respectively). When occurring together, the deleterious effects of those chemicals to plants increased. S. molesta plants removed up to 74.15% of glyphosate and 71.34% of AMPA from culture water. Due to its high removal efficiency, S. molesta can be used in phytoremediation programs. It will be important to evaluate the combined effects of glyphosate and AMPA in any toxicological studies of the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Joslin Mendes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Laura Malage
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Rocha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Alvarenga Gomes
- Laboratório de Anatomia e Biomecânica Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mario Antônio Navarro-Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Fisiologia de Culicidae e Chironomidae. Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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19
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Marques JGDC, Veríssimo KJDS, Fernandes BS, Ferreira SRDM, Montenegro SMGL, Motteran F. Glyphosate: A Review on the Current Environmental Impacts from a Brazilian Perspective. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:385-397. [PMID: 34142191 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of glyphosate is one of the main agricultural practices to combat weeds and grasses; however, its incorrect application increases soil and water contamination caused by the product. This situation is even more critical due to its great versatility for use in different cultivars and at lower prices, making it the most used pesticide in the world. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of in-depth studies regarding the damage that its use may cause. Therefore, this review focused on the analysis of environmental impacts at the soil-water interface caused by the use of glyphosate. In this sense, studies have shown that the intensive use of glyphosate has the potential to cause harmful effects on soil microorganisms, leading to changes in soil fertility and ecological imbalance, as well as impacts on aquatic environments derived from changes in the food chain. This situation is similar in Brazil, with the harmful effects of glyphosate in nontarget species and the contamination of the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to change this scenario by modifying the type of pest control in agriculture, and actions such as crop rotation and biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathas Gomes de Carvalho Marques
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil.
| | - Klayde Janny da Silva Veríssimo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Bruna Soares Fernandes
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Silvio Romero de Melo Ferreira
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Motteran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Rua Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-530, Brazil
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Annamalai P, Parven A, Megharaj M. Glyphosate use in urban landscape soils: Fate, distribution, and potential human and environmental health risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112786. [PMID: 34030020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This novel study investigated the fate and distribution in soils, and potential exposure risk of glyphosate, an extensively used herbicide in urban landscapes. The rate-determining step of glyphosate sorption in urban soils involved chemisorption processes through exchange or sharing of electrons that followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. As evidenced by the Freundlich isotherm model, glyphosate gets partitioned into heterogeneous surfaces of soil organic matter (OM) and clay minerals, and then diffused into soil micropores. The principal component analysis revealed that soil OM (R2 = 0.873), oxides of Al (R2 = 0.361) and Fe (R2 = 0.126), and contents of clay (R2 = 0.061) and silt (R2 = 0.432) were positively correlated with the distribution coefficient (Kd) of glyphosate, while alkaline pH (R2 = -0.389) and sand content (R2 = -0.343) negatively correlated with the Kd values. Well-decomposed soil OM, consisting of C-H and CO functional groups, enhanced glyphosate sorption, whereas partially decomposed/undecomposed OM facilitated desorption process. Desorption of glyphosate was favoured in seven of nine selected soils due to adverse hysteresis effects (HI = 0.74-1.0). The higher values of leachability index (0.31-1.0) and groundwater ubiquity score (1.60-3.44) calculated for the urban soils indicated the great leaching potential of glyphosate from soil surface to waterbodies. Use of glyphosate on impermeable surfaces might directly contaminate water sources and affect potability of water, non-target biota, and food safety. The calculated values of cancer risk (10-8‒10-12) and hazard quotient (1.47 × 10-6‒4.12 × 10-6) suggested that the human exposure to glyphosate-contaminated soils through dermal, ingestion and inhalation pathways might cause negligible or no carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans. Therefore, glyphosate should be applied judiciously at recommended concentrations in the urban landscapes, mainly on impervious surfaces, to minimize its health impacts in humans and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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21
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Temperature and Aging Affect Glyphosate Toxicity and Fatty Acid Composition in Allonychiurus kimi (Lee) (Collembola). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060126. [PMID: 34072838 PMCID: PMC8226473 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, but enormous use of glyphosate has raised concerned about its environmental loadings. Although glyphosate is considered non-toxic, toxicity data for soil non-target organisms according to temperature and aging are scarce. This study examined the toxicity of glyphosate with the temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and aging times (0 day and 7 days) in soil using a collembolan species, Allonychiurus kimi (Lee). The degradation of glyphosate was investigated. Fatty acid composition of A. kimi was also investigated. The half-life of glyphosate was 2.38 days at 20 °C and 1.69 days at 25 °C. At 20 °C with 0 day of aging, the EC50 was estimated to be 93.5 mg kg−1. However, as the temperature and aging time increased, the glyphosate degradation increased, so no significant toxicity was observed on juvenile production. The proportions of the arachidonic acid and stearic acid decreased and increased with the glyphosate treatment, respectively, even at 37.1 mg kg−1, at which no significant effects on juvenile production were observed. Our results showed that the changes in the glyphosate toxicity with temperature and aging time were mostly dependent on the soil residual concentration. Furthermore, the changes in the fatty acid compositions suggest that glyphosate could have a chronic effect on soil organisms.
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22
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da Silva KA, Nicola VB, Dudas RT, Demetrio WC, Maia LDS, Cunha L, Bartz MLC, Brown GG, Pasini A, Kille P, Ferreira NGC, de Oliveira CMR. Pesticides in a case study on no-tillage farming systems and surrounding forest patches in Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9839. [PMID: 33972553 PMCID: PMC8110586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing global concern on pesticide management, the relationship between its environmental recalcitrance, food security and human health has never been more relevant. Pesticides residues are known to cause significant environmental contamination. Here, we present a case study on long-term no-tillage farming systems in Brazil, where Glyphosate (GLY) has been applied for more than 35 years. GLY and its main breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were determined in topsoil (0-10 cm) samples from no-tillage fields and nearby subtropical secondary forests by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector. In addition, the presence of carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and triazines were also screened for. GLY and AMPA were present in all soil samples, reaching values higher than those described for soils so far in the literature. A significant decrease for AMPA was observed only between the secondary forest and the farm's middle slope for site B. GLY and AMPA were observed respectively at peak concentrations of 66.38 and 26.03 mg/kg soil. GLY was strongly associated with forest soil properties, while AMPA associated more with no-tillage soil properties. Soil texture was a significant factor contributing to discrimination of the results as clay and sand contents affect GLY and AMPA retention in soils. This was the first study to report DDT and metabolites in consolidated no-tillage soils in Brazil (a pesticide fully banned since 2009). Based on human risk assessment conducted herein and the potential risk of GLY to local soil communities, this study offers a baseline for future studies on potential adverse effects on soil biota, and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Alves da Silva
- grid.412402.10000 0004 0388 207XPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330 Brasil
| | - Vitoria Beltrame Nicola
- grid.412402.10000 0004 0388 207XGraduação em Biomedicina, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330 Brasil
| | - Rafaela Tavares Dudas
- grid.412402.10000 0004 0388 207XPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330 Brasil
| | - Wilian Carlo Demetrio
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050 Brasil
| | - Lilianne dos Santos Maia
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050 Brasil
| | - Luis Cunha
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.410658.e0000 0004 1936 9035School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4BD Wales UK
| | - Marie Luise Carolina Bartz
- grid.412402.10000 0004 0388 207XPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330 Brasil ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - George Gardner Brown
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050 Brasil ,grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XEmbrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná 83411-000 Brasil
| | - Amarildo Pasini
- grid.411400.00000 0001 2193 3537Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970 Brasil
| | - Peter Kille
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales, UK
| | - Nuno G. C. Ferreira
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX Wales, UK
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- grid.412402.10000 0004 0388 207XPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330 Brasil ,grid.412402.10000 0004 0388 207XGraduação em Biomedicina, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330 Brasil
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Pérez DJ, Iturburu FG, Calderon G, Oyesqui LAE, De Gerónimo E, Aparicio VC. Ecological risk assessment of current-use pesticides and biocides in soils, sediments and surface water of a mixed land-use basin of the Pampas region, Argentina. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128061. [PMID: 33297067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the ecological risk of 30 current-use agricultural pesticides and biocides in the soil, sediments and aquatic organisms of a mixed land-use basin located in the Depressed Pampas Region of Argentina. Risk Quotients (RQs) were used to evaluate the chronic risk in soil and aquatic organisms, while Toxic Units (TUs) were used to assess the acute risk in sediment-dwelling organisms and aquatic biota. Acetochlor, hydroxy-atrazine, glyphosate, AMPA, metolachlor, imidacloprid and tebuconazole were the only pesticide residues detected (>30%) and quantified in all the matrices evaluated. Glyphosate and AMPA showed the highest concentrations, being their mean and maximum levels 27.90-176.00 μg kg-1 and 270-712.50 μg kg-1 in soils, 8.28-32.0 μg kg-1 and 6.85-17.50 μg kg-1 in sediments, and 1.88-4.36 μg L-1 and 0.66-1.03 μg L-1 in surface water. The RQs in soils showed high chronic risk, mainly due to AMPA and imidacloprid. The TUs in sediments showed acute risk in dwelling organisms, mainly due to glyphosate and imidacloprid. RQs assessment showed a range of chronic risk levels according to the site/sampling event, with higher contribution of atrazine and its metabolites, and acetochlor, whereas TUs assessment showed no acute risk in aquatic biota. In contrast to Europe, in Argentina, there are no restrictions regarding the use of atrazine, acetochlor, imidacloprid and glyphosate to protect aquatic life. Thus, it is recommended that the current Argentine pesticide regulations should be modified to prevent ecological risk and protect ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora J Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Zip Code C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, Zip Code 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernando G Iturburu
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Zip Code C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC) -CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata, Dean Funes 3350, Mar Del Plata, Zip Code 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Calderon
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Zip Code C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto del Hábitat y del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata, Dean Funes 3350, Mar Del Plata, Zip Code 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lía A E Oyesqui
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Alsina 2642, Olavarría, Zip Code 7400, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Zip Code C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, Zip Code 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Virginia C Aparicio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Zip Code C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, Zip Code 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Dániel-Gómez M, Dussán J. Assessment of the Synergic Effect between Lysinibacillus sphaericus S-Layer Protein and Glyphosate in the Lethality of the Invasive Arboviral Vector Aedes albopictus. INSECTS 2020; 11:E793. [PMID: 33198299 PMCID: PMC7697419 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides are among the most used chemicals in plant pest control. Both glyphosate and its main by-product Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) are highly environmentally persistent and, through several processes (including surface runoff and bioaccumulation), affect species beyond their intended targets, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Aedes albopictus is a novel invasive arboviral vector in Colombia and has spread to much of the national territory in recent years. Strains of the bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus have shown the ability to degrade glyphosate into environmentally inert compounds, in addition to having great larvicidal efficiency in different mosquito species through the production of several proteins, including the surface layer (S-Layer) protein. The S-Layer is a bacterial structure consisting of glycoprotein monomers, and its functions are thought to include bacterial interactions, protection from the outside medium and biological control. The study assessed the entomopathogenic activity of L. sphaericus S-Layer protein on Ae. albopictus larvae, and the effects that glyphosate and its by-products have in this process. To that end, bioassays were performed to compare the larval mortality between different treatments with and without S-Layer, glyphosate, and glyphosate derivates. Comparisons were made through Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) analyses. Significant differences were found in larval mortality in the treatments, and larval mortality was greater when the S-Layer protein was present, though glyphosate field-doses (1.69 g/L) alone had a notable toxicity as well. An apparent synergic effect on the mortality of larval Ae. albopictus when exposed to mixtures containing 1500 ppm of the S-Layer protein, glyphosate, and/or glyphosate derivates was found. Further studies are needed for the in-depth understanding of this mechanism and its consequences on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Dussán
- Microbiological Research Center (CIMIC), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
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25
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Fagan J, Bohlen L, Patton S, Klein K. Organic diet intervention significantly reduces urinary glyphosate levels in U.S. children and adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109898. [PMID: 32797996 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing set of studies show that an organic diet is associated with reduced levels of urinary pesticide analytes. However, with the exception of one pilot study of two individuals, diet intervention studies to date have not analyzed glyphosate, the most commonly used herbicide in the United States and globally. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of an organic diet intervention on levels of glyphosate and its main metabolite, AMPA (aminomethyl phosphonic acid), in urine collected from adults and children. METHODS We analyzed urine samples from four racially and geographically diverse families in the United States for five days on a completely non-organic diet and for five days on a completely organic diet (n = 16 participants and a total of 158 urine samples). RESULTS Mean urinary glyphosate levels for all subjects decreased 70.93% (95% CI -77.96, -61.65, p<0.010) while mean AMPA levels decreased by 76.71% (95% CI -81.54, -70.62, p < 0.010) within six days on an organic diet. Similar decreases in urinary levels of glyphosate and AMPA were observed when data for adults were examined alone, 71.59% (95% CI -82.87, -52.86, p < 0.01) and 83.53% (95% CI -88.42, -76.56, p < 0.01) and when data for children were examined alone, 70.85% (95% CI -78.52, -60.42, p < 0.01) and 69.85% (95% CI -77.56, -59.48, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION An organic diet was associated with significantly reduced urinary levels of glyphosate and AMPA. The reduction in glyphosate and AMPA levels was rapid, dropping to baseline within three days. This study demonstrates that diet is a primary source of glyphosate exposure and that shifting to an organic diet is an effective way to reduce body burden of glyphosate and its main metabolite, AMPA. This research adds to a growing body of literature indicating that an organic diet may reduce exposure to a range of pesticides in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Fagan
- Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 370, Fairfield, IA, 52556, USA
| | - Larry Bohlen
- Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 370, Fairfield, IA, 52556, USA
| | - Sharyle Patton
- Commonweal Institute, P.O. Box 316, Bolinas, CA, 94924, USA
| | - Kendra Klein
- Friends of the Earth U.S., 2150 Allston Way Suite 360, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Asaduzzaman M, Parven A, Megharaj M. Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114372. [PMID: 32203845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, introduced by Monsanto Company under the commercial name Roundup in 1974, became the extensively used herbicide worldwide in the last few decades. Glyphosate has excellent properties of fast sorption in soil, biodegradation and less toxicity to nontarget organisms. However, glyphosate has been reported to increase the risk of cancer, endocrine-disruption, celiac disease, autism, effect on erythrocytes, leaky-gut syndrome, etc. The reclassification of glyphosate in 2015 as 'probably carcinogenic' under Group 2A by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has been broadly circulated by anti-chemical and environmental advocacy groups claiming for restricted use or ban of glyphosate. In contrast, some comprehensive epidemiological studies involving farmers with long-time exposure to glyphosate in USA and elsewhere coupled with available toxicological data showed no correlation with any kind of carcinogenic or genotoxic threat to humans. Moreover, several investigations confirmed that the surfactant, polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), contained in the formulations of glyphosate like Roundup, is responsible for the established adverse impacts on human and ecological health. Subsequent to the evolution of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops and the extensive use of glyphosate over the last 45 years, about 38 weed species developed resistance to this herbicide. Consequently, its use in the recent years has been either restricted or banned in 20 countries. This critical review on glyphosate provides an overview of its behaviour, fate, detrimental impacts on ecological and human health, and the development of resistance in weeds and pathogens. Thus, the ultimate objective is to help the authorities and agencies concerned in resolving the existing controversies and in providing the necessary regulations for safer use of the herbicide. In our opinion, glyphosate can be judiciously used in agriculture with the inclusion of safer surfactants in commercial formulations sine POEA, which is toxic by itself is likely to increase the toxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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27
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Lescano MR, Masin CE, Rodríguez AR, Godoy JL, Zalazar CS. Earthworms to improve glyphosate degradation in biobeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27023-27031. [PMID: 32382913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, earthworm effect on the efficiency of biobeds for glyphosate degradation was studied. Three biomixtures with and without the addition of earthworms (Eisenia fetida species) were evaluated. The initial concentration of glyphosate was 1000 mg/kg biomixture. Glyphosate and biological parameters were measured as a function of time. Earthworm survival, biomass, and reproduction were evaluated as well. All biomixtures that contain earthworms reached 90% of glyphosate degradation at 90 days in comparison with the biomixtures without earthworms that reached 80% approximately at the same time. Also, within the biomixtures that contained earthworms, glyphosate degradation rate was significantly higher in the one made up with soil and wheat stubble (Ws-E) showing excellent capacity for aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) degradation, the main metabolite of glyphosate degradation. In addition, a study performed after the vermiremediation process showed that E. fetida can tolerate high glyphosate concentration without modifications in its life traits. It can be concluded that the use of E. fetida within the biobeds is an excellent combination to improve glyphosate and AMPA removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia R Lescano
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FHUC-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina E Masin
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alba R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FHUC-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José L Godoy
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cristina S Zalazar
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC, UNL-CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Departamento de Medioambiente, FICH-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeop Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechul Roh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Bunch
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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29
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Ng B, Chanabun R, Panha S. Biological and physiological responses of Perionyx excavatus to abamectin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28309-28318. [PMID: 31368070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological and behavioral responses of the tropical earthworm Perionyx excavatus towards different concentrations of abamectin were evaluated. Abamectin significantly reduced the biomass and reproduction (cocoon production) of P. excavatus as well as inducing histopathological alterations in the cuticle. Biomass loss was recorded in P. excavatus exposed to abamectin at a concentration as low as 0.1 mg active ingredient (a.i.) kg-1, while atrophy, another physiological response, was observed at an abamectin concentration of 0.21 μg cm-2 in a filter paper test. Cocoon production was significantly reduced in the presence of abamectin, and no cocoons were produced at doses of 20 mg a.i. kg-1 or higher, while abamectin at 50 mg a.i. kg-1 induced extreme pathology, characterized by the loss of the integrity of the whole body wall and intestine of P. excavatus. Histopathological alterations can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the toxicological impact of exposure to abamectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beewah Ng
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratmanee Chanabun
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Hackenberger DK, Stjepanović N, Lončarić Ž, Hackenberger BK. Acute and subchronic effects of three herbicides on biomarkers and reproduction in earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:722-730. [PMID: 29894974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are exposed to herbicides both through their skin and digestive system. Herbicides can influence earthworms' survival, physiology and reproduction. However, there is a lack of data on herbicide effects on earthworms as they are often regarded as low or non-toxic. The aim of our study was to investigate whether widely used commercial formulations of glyphosate (GLF), tembotrione (TBT) and nicosulfuron (NCS) each applied at three environmentally relevant concentrations have adverse effects on various biomarkers and reproduction in epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. The activities of measured biomarkers varied depending on the herbicide used and the exposure duration and suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the toxicity of tested herbicides. Namely, GLF caused an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity induction after seven days, and NCS after 28 days, while TBT caused an inhibition up to 47% (6.6 μg kgdw soil-1) after seven days. Only TBT caused a significant change (H2 = 13.96, p = 0.002) to catalase (CAT) after seven days of exposure. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) were increased all the time after NCS exposure, but only after seven days in GLF and 28 days in TBT treatments, respectively. The tested herbicides did not have a significant effect on reproduction success, expect of NCS which increased the number of juveniles (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Lončarić
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Branimir K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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31
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Masin CE, Lescano MR, Rodríguez AR, Godoy JL, Zalazar CS. Earthworms to assess the innocuousness of spent biomixtures employed for glyphosate degradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:519-525. [PMID: 29708830 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1462922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the innocuousness of different biomixtures employed for glyphosate degradation was tested through Eisenia fetida earthworms. Eight biomixtures were prepared with local materials: alfalfa straw (AS), wheat stubble (WS), river waste (RW) and two different soils (A and B). Each biomixture was divided into two equal portions: one without glyphosate application (control substrate) and the other was sprayed with a commercial glyphosate formulation of 1,000 mg glyphosate a.i. kg-1 biomixture (applied substrate). The bioassay started when all sprayed biomixtures reached high percentages of glyphosate degradation (spent biomixtures). Three parameters were studied: survival, adults and juveniles biomass and reproduction. The results allowed the identification of three biomixtures (AWS, BWS and BWSRW) for good maintenance and development of E. fetida. In addition, at the end of the bioassay two of the viable biomixtures (AWS and BWS) showed the highest performance of juvenile earthworms compared to a reference soil. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that the biomixtures containing high silt and clay percentages and minor density renders higher values of earthworm growth and reproduction. Therefore, these innocuous biomixtures can be used as organic amendments or recycled materials for new treatments on biobeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E Masin
- a INTEC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Maia R Lescano
- a INTEC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET , Santa Fe , Argentina
- b FHUC, Departamento Ciencias Naturales , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Alba R Rodríguez
- b FHUC, Departamento Ciencias Naturales , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - José L Godoy
- a INTEC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Cristina S Zalazar
- a INTEC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET , Santa Fe , Argentina
- c FICH, Departamento de Medio Ambiente , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
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Niemeyer JC, de Santo FB, Guerra N, Ricardo Filho AM, Pech TM. Do recommended doses of glyphosate-based herbicides affect soil invertebrates? Field and laboratory screening tests to risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:154-160. [PMID: 29421725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used in agriculture, forestry and gardens, little is known about its effects on non-target organisms. The present work evaluated the ecotoxicity of four formulated products (Roundup® Original, Trop®, Zapp® Qi 620 and Crucial®) on soil invertebrates. Screening ecotoxicity tests were carried out with soil and oat straw collected in a field experiment, besides laboratory-spiked soils. Screening tests included avoidance behaviour of earthworms (Eisenia andrei), collembolans (Folsomia candida) and isopods (Porcellio dilatatus) in single and multispecies tests; reproduction of collembolans (F. candida), and bait lamina in field. Non-avoidance behaviour was observed in standard tests (earthworms) in soil, neither in multispecies tests (earthworm + isopods) using oat straw, while for collembolans it occurred for the product Zapp® Qi 620 even at the recommended dose. Reproduction of F. candida was not impaired even at high doses in laboratory-spiked soils. Feeding activity on bait lamina test was impaired in treatment corresponding to the red label product, Crucial®. Results showed the relevance of bait lamina test on screening the impact of herbicides in the field. The findings highlight the importance of considering different formulations for the same active ingredient in risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil; Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Benedet de Santo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil; Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Naiara Guerra
- Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiani Maria Pech
- Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
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Verdú I, Trigo D, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Novo M. Bisphenol A in artificial soil: Effects on growth, reproduction and immunity in earthworms. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:287-295. [PMID: 28992482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of biosolids in agricultural fields is increasing annually. They contain not only nutrients but also xenobiotics, such as Bisphenol A (BPA). These compounds are not regulated in the use of biosolids in agriculture, which highlights the need to assess their effects on soil life, of which earthworms are most abundant of the animal representatives. In this study the effect of BPA on life-history parameters, such as mortality, growth and reproduction, and on immunity, is evaluated for Dendrobaena veneta and Eisenia fetida. Sublethal concentrations were evaluated by a modified OECD artificial soil test. Decline in growth with increasing concentration of BPA was detected during the first two weeks and the opposite effect for the next two, although these differences were only significant at the highest concentration. Reproduction traits were only significantly different for E. fetida, for which the number of juveniles decreased at higher concentrations, thus showing different sensitivity in both species. By using a contact test, the potentially harmful effect of direct contact with BPA was shown to be much higher than in soil (resembling natural) conditions. Finally, results indicate that BPA may not affect the immune system of these animals, at least in terms of coelomocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Verdú
- Soil Zoology Group, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Complutense University, Jose Antonio Nováis s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Trigo
- Soil Zoology Group, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Complutense University, Jose Antonio Nováis s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Martínez-Guitarte
- Environmental Toxicology and Biology Group, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluídos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Novo
- Environmental Toxicology and Biology Group, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluídos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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de Brito Rodrigues L, de Oliveira R, Abe FR, Brito LB, Moura DS, Valadares MC, Grisolia CK, de Oliveira DP, de Oliveira GAR. Ecotoxicological assessment of glyphosate-based herbicides: Effects on different organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1755-1763. [PMID: 27517480 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most commonly used worldwide because they are effective and relatively nontoxic to nontarget species. Unlimited and uncontrolled use of such pesticides can have serious consequences for human health and ecological balance. The present study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 2 glyphosate-based formulations, Roundup Original (Roundup) and Glyphosate AKB 480 (AKB), on different organisms: cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds, and microcrustacean Artemia salina and zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. For the germination endpoint, only L. esculentum presented significant sensitivity to AKB and L. sativa to Roundup, whereas both formulations significantly inhibited the root growth of all species tested. Both AKB and Roundup induced significant toxicity to A. salina; both are classified as category 3, which indicates a hazard for the aquatic environment, according to criteria of the Globally Harmonized Classification System. However, Roundup was more toxic than AKB, with 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 14.19 mg/L and 37.53 mg/L, respectively. For the embryo-larval toxicity test, Roundup proved more toxic than AKB for the mortality endpoint (96-h LC50 values of 10.17 mg/L and 27.13 mg/L, respectively), whereas for the hatching parameter, AKB was more toxic than Roundup. No significant genotoxicity to zebrafish larvae was found. We concluded that AKB and Roundup glyphosate-based formulations are phytotoxic and induce toxic effects in nontarget organisms such as A. salina and zebrafish early life stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1755-1763. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Flávia Renata Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Barroso Brito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego Sousa Moura
- Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Niemeyer JC, Chelinho S, Sousa JP. Soil ecotoxicology in Latin America: Current research and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1795-1810. [PMID: 28295568 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soils from some Latin American countries support the highest biodiversity levels on the planet and simultaneously have some of the most serious environmental impacts attributed to both historical and current agricultural practices and industrial activities. Soil contamination has resulted from intensive use of pesticides, extensive mining and other industrial activities, and uncontrolled management of waste within inappropriate regulatory frameworks. The present study presents an overview of the scientific research on soil ecotoxicology conducted in Latin America, summarizing the recent advances and highlighting the needs for further refinements in this research field. Most of the contributions to the scientific literature have been from Brazil. The most investigated issue is the ecotoxicity of pesticides and earthworms, which were the organisms most frequently used as test species. Needs identified by Latin American researchers include methods and procedures for: 1) identifying and collecting natural soils to be used as reference test-substrates in tests, 2) identifying and discerning the range of sensitivities of native test species to soil contaminants, 3) developing environmental guidelines applicable to tropical/subtropical conditions, and 4) developing methods and procedures for higher tier testing for full development and implementation of environmental risk assessment schemes. The protection of Latin American soils, including provision of goods and services, is currently framed in legislation and other regulations, but implementation requires significant improvement and additional training programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1795-1810. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Centre of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sónia Chelinho
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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36
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Pochron ST, Fiorenza A, Sperl C, Ledda B, Lawrence Patterson C, Tucker CC, Tucker W, Ho YL, Panico N. The response of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and soil microbes to the crumb rubber material used in artificial turf fields. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:557-562. [PMID: 28142114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipalities have been replacing grass fields with artificial turf, which uses crumb rubber infill made from recycled tires. Crumb rubber contains hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and heavy metals. Water runoff from crumb rubber fields contains heavy metals. These components can damage the environment. We contaminated topsoil with new crumb rubber and measured its impact on earthworms and soil microbes. Specifically, we compared soil microbe activity and earthworm health, survivorship, and longevity in heat and light stress under two soil regimes: clean topsoil and clean topsoil contaminated with crumb rubber. We then characterized levels of metals, nutrients, and micronutrients of both soil treatments and compared those to published New York soil background levels and to levels set by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) as remediation goals. We found that: 1) contaminated soil did not inhibit microbial respiration rates, 2) earthworm survivorship was not impacted by exposure to contaminated soil, 3) earthworms' ability to cope with heat and light stress remained unchanged after living in contaminated soil, but 4) earthworms living in contaminated soil gained 14% less body weight than did earthworms living in uncontaminated soil. We also found that, with the exception of zinc, heavy metals in our contaminated soil did not exceed the background levels found throughout New York State or the remediation targets set by the DEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon T Pochron
- Sustainability Studies Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3435, USA.
| | - Andrew Fiorenza
- Sustainability Studies Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3435, USA
| | | | - Brianne Ledda
- Miller Place High School, Miller Place, NY 11764, USA
| | | | - Clara C Tucker
- Sustainability Studies Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3435, USA
| | - Wade Tucker
- Miller Place High School, Miller Place, NY 11764, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Panico
- Sustainability Studies Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3435, USA
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Bai SH, Ogbourne SM. Glyphosate: environmental contamination, toxicity and potential risks to human health via food contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18988-9001. [PMID: 27541149 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has been the most widely used herbicide during the past three decades. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies glyphosate as 'practically non-toxic and not an irritant' under the acute toxicity classification system. This classification is based primarily on toxicity data and due to its unique mode of action via a biochemical pathway that only exists in a small number of organisms that utilise the shikimic acid pathway to produce amino acids, most of which are green plants. This classification is supported by the majority of scientific literature on the toxic effects of glyphosate. However, in 2005, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) reported that glyphosate and its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), are of potential toxicological concern, mainly as a result of accumulation of residues in the food chain. The FAO further states that the dietary risk of glyphosate and AMPA is unlikely if the maximum daily intake of 1 mg kg(-1) body weight (bw) is not exceeded. Research has now established that glyphosate can persist in the environment, and therefore, assessments of the health risks associated with glyphosate are more complicated than suggested by acute toxicity data that relate primarily to accidental high-rate exposure. We have used recent literature to assess the possible risks associated with the presence of glyphosate residues in food and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Hosseini Bai
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
| | - Steven M Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
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Large-Scale Agricultural Management and Soil Meso- and Macrofauna Conservation in the Argentine Pampas. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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