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Singh K, Oladipupo SS. An overview of CCN4 (WISP1) role in human diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:601. [PMID: 38937782 PMCID: PMC11212430 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
CCN4 (cellular communication network factor 4), a highly conserved, secreted cysteine-rich matricellular protein is emerging as a key player in the development and progression of numerous disease pathologies, including cancer, fibrosis, metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Over the past two decades, extensive research on CCN4 and its family members uncovered their diverse cellular mechanisms and biological functions, including but not limited to cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, wound healing, repair, and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant CCN4 expression and/or associated downstream signaling is key to a vast array of pathophysiological etiology, suggesting that CCN4 could be utilized not only as a non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic marker, but also as a promising therapeutic target. The cognate receptor of CCN4 remains elusive till date, which limits understanding of the mechanistic insights on CCN4 driven disease pathologies. However, as therapeutic agents directed against CCN4 begin to make their way into the clinic, that may start to change. Also, the pathophysiological significance of CCN4 remains underexplored, hence further research is needed to shed more light on its disease and/or tissue specific functions to better understand its clinical translational benefit. This review highlights the compelling evidence of overlapping and/or diverse functional and mechanisms regulated by CCN4, in addition to addressing the challenges, study limitations and knowledge gaps on CCN4 biology and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Singh
- Biotherapeutic Enabling Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA
| | - Sunday S Oladipupo
- Biotherapeutic Enabling Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA.
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2
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Li Z, Williams H, Jackson ML, Johnson JL, George SJ. WISP-1 Regulates Cardiac Fibrosis by Promoting Cardiac Fibroblasts' Activation and Collagen Processing. Cells 2024; 13:989. [PMID: 38891121 PMCID: PMC11172092 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces cardiac fibrotic remodelling characterised by the phenotypic switching of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and collagen deposition. We tested the hypothesis that Wnt1-inducible signalling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) promotes CFs' phenotypic switch, type I collagen synthesis, and in vivo fibrotic remodelling. The treatment of human CFs (HCFs, n = 16) with WISP-1 (500 ng/mL) induced a phenotypic switch (α-smooth muscle actin-positive) and type I procollagen cleavage to an intermediate form of collagen (pC-collagen) in conditioned media after 24h, facilitating collagen maturation. WISP-1-induced collagen processing was mediated by Akt phosphorylation via integrin β1, and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 2 (ADAMTS-2). WISP-1 wild-type (WISP-1+/+) mice and WISP-1 knockout (WISP-1-/-) mice (n = 5-7) were subcutaneously infused with angiotensin II (AngII, 1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed the deletion of WISP-1 attenuated type I collagen deposition in the coronary artery perivascular area compared to WISP-1+/+ mice after a 28-day AngII infusion, and therefore, the deletion of WISP-1 attenuated AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrated WISP-1 is a critical mediator in cardiac fibrotic remodelling, by promoting CFs' activation via the integrin β1-Akt signalling pathway, and induced collagen processing and maturation via ADAMTS-2. Thereby, the modulation of WISP-1 levels could provide potential therapeutic targets in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Molly L. Jackson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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Kadam AH, Schnitzer JE. Insights into Disease Progression of Translational Preclinical Rat Model of Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis through Endpoint Analysis. Cells 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38534359 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease characterized by the relentless deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), causing lung distortions and dysfunction. Animal models of human IPF can provide great insight into the mechanistic pathways underlying disease progression and a means for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we describe the effect of bleomycin concentration on disease progression in the classical rat bleomycin model. In a dose-response study (1.5, 2, 2.5 U/kg i.t), we characterized lung fibrosis at day 14 after bleomycin challenge using endpoints including clinical signs, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen content, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-soluble profibrotic mediators. Furthermore, we investigated fibrotic disease progression after 2 U/kg i.t. bleomycin administration at days 3, 7, and 14 by quantifying the expression of clinically relevant signaling molecules and pathways, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, ECM components, and histopathology of the lung. A single bleomycin challenge resulted in a progressive fibrotic response in rat lung tissue over 14 days based on lung collagen content, histopathological changes, and modified Ashcroft score. The early fibrogenesis phase (days 3 to 7) is associated with an increase in profibrotic mediators including TGFβ1, IL6, TNFα, IL1β, CINC1, WISP1, VEGF, and TIMP1. In the mid and late fibrotic stages, the TGFβ/Smad and PDGF/AKT signaling pathways are involved, and clinically relevant proteins targeting galectin-3, LPA1, transglutaminase-2, and lysyl oxidase 2 are upregulated on days 7 and 14. Between days 7 and 14, the expressions of vimentin and α-SMA proteins increase, which is a sign of EMT activation. We confirmed ECM formation by increased expressions of procollagen-1Aα, procollagen-3Aα, fibronectin, and CTGF in the lung on days 7 and 14. Our data provide insights on a complex network of several soluble mediators, clinically relevant signaling pathways, and target proteins that contribute to drive the progressive fibrotic phenotype from the early to late phase (active) in the rat bleomycin model. The framework of endpoints of our study highlights the translational value for pharmacological interventions and mechanistic studies using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil H Kadam
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), 505 Coast Blvd. South, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jan E Schnitzer
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), 505 Coast Blvd. South, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Christopoulou ME, Skandalis SS, Papakonstantinou E, Stolz D, Aletras AJ. WISP1 induces the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human lung fibroblasts through Src kinases and EGFR-activated signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C850-C865. [PMID: 38145300 PMCID: PMC11193488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1/CCN4) is a secreted matricellular protein that is implicated in lung and airway remodeling. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been associated with chronic lung diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the WISP1 signaling pathway and its ability to induce the expression of MIF in primary cultures of fibroblasts from normal human lungs (HLFs). Our results showed that WISP1 significantly stimulated the expression of MIF in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. In WISP1-induced expression of MIF, αvβ5-integrin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as well as Src tyrosine kinases, MAP kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, PKC, and NF-κB were involved. WISP1-induced expression of MIF was attenuated in the presence of the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 or the MIF tautomerase activity inhibitor ISO-1. Moreover, WISP1 significantly increased the phosphorylation and activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) through transactivation by Src kinases. WISP1 also induced the expression of MIF receptor CD74 and coreceptor CD44, through which MIF exerts its effects on HLFs. In addition, it was found that MIF induced its own expression, as well as its receptors CD74/CD44, acting in an autocrine manner. Finally, WISP1-induced MIF promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E2, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 demonstrating the regulatory role of WISP1-MIF axis in lung inflammation and remodeling involving mainly integrin αvβ5, Src kinases, PKC, NF-κB, and EGFR. The specific signaling pathways involved in WISP1-induced expression of MIF may prove to be excellent candidates for novel targets to control inflammation in chronic lung diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates for the first time that Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) regulates migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression and activity and identifies the main signaling pathways involved. The newly discovered WISP1-MIF axis may drive lung inflammation and could result in the design of novel targeted therapies in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elpida Christopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexios J Aletras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Núñez A, Aljama C, Esquinas C, Orriols G, Gabriel-Medina P, Farago G, Granados G, Rodriguez-Frias F, Pons M, Miravitlles M, Barrecheguren M. Utility of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score as a blood biomarker of pulmonary fibrosis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Respir Med 2023; 218:107394. [PMID: 37633421 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia can lead to several sequelae, among them, pulmonary fibrosis. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score is a panel of serum markers of liver fibrosis. We aimed to describe the utility of the ELF score as a biomarker of pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS Chest computed tomography (CT) scan, lung function tests (LFT) and blood analysis were obtained at three months after discharge. Data were analysed according to ELF scores and posteriorly divided into ELF tertiles. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine patients were recruited; of these, 85.7% presented bilateral pneumonia at diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection. At 3 months after discharge, CT scan was available in 123 patients, 73 (59.3%) of whom presented parenchymal lung abnormalities (PLA) and LFT showed impairment in 28 (22.7%) patients. Globally, the most frequent PLA was ground glass opacities (50%), followed by bronchial thickening (26.8%), reticular pattern (19.5%), consolidation (10.5%) and air bronchogram sign (7.3%). Radiological findings were only significant in the higher tertile of ELF, with a reticular pattern as the predominant PLA (p = 0.002). Moreover, patients with both PLA and LFT impairment, presented a trend towards higher levels of ELF compared with patients with only PLA or LFT impairment, or no impairment (9.9 (0.7) vs 9.6 (0.8), 9.1 (1.1) and 9.3 (0.7); p = 0.054). CONCLUSION Patients with both PLA and LFT alteration at 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had higher ELF scores. The ELF score may be useful to identify patients with risk of fibrotic changes after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Núñez
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Aljama
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Esquinas
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Orriols
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gabriel-Medina
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Farago
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Galo Granados
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Frias
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain; Clinical Biochemistry Research Group, Valll d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Spain
| | - Mònica Pons
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Barrecheguren
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Qin S, Tan P, Xie J, Zhou Y, Zhao J. A systematic review of the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine against pulmonary fibrosis: from a pharmacological perspective. Chin Med 2023; 18:96. [PMID: 37537605 PMCID: PMC10398979 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of etiologies. The disease can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the lung tissue structure, severely affecting respiratory function and posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the main drugs used in the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, but their efficacy is limited and they can cause serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have important research value and potential for clinical application in anti-pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, more and more scientific researches have been conducted on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve or reduce pulmonary fibrosis, and some important breakthroughs have been made. This review paper systematically summarized the research progress of pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and their active compounds in improving or reducing pulmonary fibrosis. We conducted a systematic search in several main scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, natural products, herbal medicine, and therapeutic methods. Ultimately, 252 articles were included and systematically evaluated in this analysis. The anti-fibrotic mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicine studies can be roughly categorized into 5 main aspects, including inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improvement of extracellular matrix deposition, mediation of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The purpose of this article is to provide pharmaceutical researchers with information on the progress of scientific research on improving or reducing Pulmonary fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine, and to provide reference for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Martello S, Chopra S, Sproull M, May JM, Shankardass A, MacMillan L, Vanpouille-Box C, Eke I, Scott KMK, Dalo J, Coleman CN. Microarray analysis of hub genes, non-coding RNAs and pathways in lung after whole body irradiation in a mouse model. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1702-1715. [PMID: 37212632 PMCID: PMC10615684 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2214205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has highlighted the impact of radiation damage, with cancer patients developing acute disorders including radiation induced pneumonitis or chronic disorders including pulmonary fibrosis months after radiation therapy ends. We sought to discover biomarkers that predict these injuries and develop treatments that mitigate this damage and improve quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice received 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 Gy or sham whole body irradiation. Animals were euthanized 48 h post exposure and lungs removed, snap frozen and underwent RNA isolation. Microarray analysis was performed to determine dysregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) after radiation injury. RESULTS We observed sustained dysregulation of specific RNA markers including: mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs across all doses. We also identified significantly upregulated genes that can indicate high dose exposure, including Cpt1c, Pdk4, Gdf15, and Eda2r, which are markers of senescence and fibrosis. Only three miRNAs were significantly dysregulated across all radiation doses: miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-142-5p were downregulated and miRNA-34a-5p was upregulated. IPA analysis predicted inhibition of several molecular pathways with increasing doses of radiation, including: T cell development, Quantity of leukocytes, Quantity of lymphocytes, and Cell viability. CONCLUSIONS These RNA biomarkers might be highly relevant in the development of treatments and in predicting normal tissue injury in patients undergoing radiation treatment. We are conducting further experiments in our laboratory, which includes a human lung-on-a-chip model, to develop a decision tree model using RNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jared M May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aman Shankardass
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M K Scott
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Dalo
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Xega V, Alami T, Liu JL. Recent progress on the role of cellular communication network factors (CCN) 3, 4 and 6 in regulating adiposity, liver fibrosis and pancreatic islets. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00765-8. [PMID: 37245185 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN/WISP (cellular communication network factors, or Wnt-inducted secreted proteins) family of proteins consists of six extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins that regulate development, cell adhesion and proliferation, ECM remodeling, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In the last two decades, metabolic regulation by these matricellular proteins has been studied extensively, several excellent reviews have covered the roles of CCN1, -2 and - 5. In this brief review, we will focus on those lesser-known members and more recent discoveries, together with other recent articles presenting a more complete picture of the current state of knowledge. We have found that CCN2, -4, and - 5 promote pancreatic islet function, while CCN3 plays a unique and negative role. CCN3 and - 4 are pro-adiposity leading to insulin resistance, but CCN5 and - 6 are anti-adiposity. While CCN2 and - 4 promote tissue fibrosis and inflammation, all other four members are clearly anti-fibrotic. As for cellular signaling, they are known to interact with integrins, other cell membrane proteins and ECM thereby regulate Akt/protein kinase B, myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), and focal adhesion kinase. Yet, a cohesive mechanism of action to comprehensively explain those major functions is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Xega
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tara Alami
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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9
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Green LC, Slone S, Anthony SR, Guarnieri AR, Parkins S, Shearer SM, Nieman ML, Roy S, Aube J, Wu X, Xu L, Kanisicak O, Tranter M. HuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for TGFβ-induced cardiac myofibroblast activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:38-46. [PMID: 36372279 PMCID: PMC9868076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is regulated by the activation and phenotypic switching of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which have extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and contractile functions which play a central role in cardiac remodeling in response to injury. Here, we show that expression and activity of the RNA binding protein HuR is increased in cardiac fibroblasts upon transformation to an active myofibroblast. Pharmacological inhibition of HuR significantly blunts the TGFβ-dependent increase in ECM remodeling genes, total collagen secretion, in vitro scratch closure, and collagen gel contraction in isolated primary cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting a suppression of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation upon HuR inhibition. We identified twenty-four mRNA transcripts that were enriched for HuR binding following TGFβ treatment via photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP). Eleven of these HuR-bound mRNAs also showed significant co-expression correlation with HuR, αSMA, and periostin in primary fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of infarcted mouse hearts. Of these, WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (Wisp1; Ccn4), was the most significantly associated with HuR expression in fibroblasts. Accordingly, we found Wisp1 expression to be increased in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of mouse hearts following ischemia/reperfusion, and confirmed Wisp1 expression to be HuR-dependent in isolated fibroblasts. Finally, addition of exogenous recombinant Wisp1 partially rescued myofibroblast-induced collagen gel contraction following HuR inhibition, demonstrating that HuR-dependent Wisp1 expression plays a functional role in HuR-dependent MF activity downstream of TGFβ. In conclusion, HuR activity is necessary for the functional activation of primary cardiac fibroblasts in response to TGFβ, in part through post-transcriptional regulation of Wisp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel Slone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Adrienne R Guarnieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sharon Parkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Shearer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sudeshna Roy
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Aube
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Tranter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
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10
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Gaudreau PO, Cousineau I, Stagg J. Optimal CCN4 Immunofluorescence for Tissue Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2582:13-21. [PMID: 36370340 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CCN4 (also known as WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 or WISP1) is a 367 amino acid, 40 kDa protein located on chromosome 8q24.1-8q24.3. Prior studies have provided support for a pro-inflammatory role for CCN4. We have shown recently that CCN4 expression is associated with advanced disease, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. We detail here the CCN4 tissue microarray immunofluorescence protocol related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University and Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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11
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Kadam AH, Kandasamy K, Buss T, Cederstrom B, Yang C, Narayanapillai S, Rodriguez J, Levin MD, Koziol J, Olenyuk B, Borok Z, Chrastina A, Schnitzer JE. Targeting caveolae to pump bispecific antibody to TGF-β into diseased lungs enables ultra-low dose therapeutic efficacy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276462. [PMID: 36413536 PMCID: PMC9681080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-sought-after "magic bullet" in systemic therapy remains unrealized for disease targets existing inside most tissues, theoretically because vascular endothelium impedes passive tissue entry and full target engagement. We engineered the first "dual precision" bispecific antibody with one arm pair to precisely bind to lung endothelium and drive active delivery and the other to precisely block TGF-β effector function inside lung tissue. Targeting caveolae for transendothelial pumping proved essential for delivering most of the injected intravenous dose precisely into lungs within one hour and for enhancing therapeutic potency by >1000-fold in a rat pneumonitis model. Ultra-low doses (μg/kg) inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, lung tissue damage, disease biomarker expression and TGF-β signaling. The prodigious benefit of active vs passive transvascular delivery of a precision therapeutic unveils a new promising drug design, delivery and therapy paradigm ripe for expansion and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil H. Kadam
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kathirvel Kandasamy
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Buss
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brittany Cederstrom
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chun Yang
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sreekanth Narayanapillai
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Rodriguez
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Levin
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jim Koziol
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Olenyuk
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zea Borok
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Adrian Chrastina
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jan E. Schnitzer
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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12
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Chang KS, Chen ST, Sung HC, Hsu SY, Lin WY, Hou CP, Lin YH, Feng TH, Tsui KH, Juang HH. WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 Is a Stroma-Specific Secreting Protein Inducing a Fibroblast Contraction and Carcinoma Cell Growth in the Human Prostate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911437. [PMID: 36232736 PMCID: PMC9570503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), a member of the connective tissue growth factor family, plays a crucial role in several important cellular functions in a highly tissue-specific manner. Results of a RT-qPCR indicated that WISP1 expressed only in cells of the human prostate fibroblasts, HPrF and WPMY-1, but not the prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. Two major isoforms (WISP1v1 and WISP1v2) were identified in the HPrF cells determined by RT-PCR and immunoblot assays. The knock-down of a WISP1 blocked cell proliferation and contraction, while treating respectively with the conditioned medium from the ectopic WISP1v1- and WISPv2-overexpressed 293T cells enhanced the migration of HPrF cells. The TNFα induced WISP1 secretion and cell contraction while the knock-down of WISP1 attenuated these effects, although TNFα did not affect the proliferation of the HPrF cells. The ectopic overexpression of WISP1v1 but not WISP1v2 downregulated the N-myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1) while upregulating N-cadherin, slug, snail, and vimentin gene expressions which induced not only the cell proliferation and invasion in vitro but also tumor growth of prostate carcinoma cells in vivo. The results confirmed that WISP1 is a stroma-specific secreting protein, enhancing the cell migration and contraction of prostate fibroblasts, as well as the proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth of prostate carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Ting Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Pang Hou
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.T.); (H.-H.J.); Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5071) (H.-H.J.); Fax: +886-3-2118112 (H.-H.J.)
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.T.); (H.-H.J.); Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5071) (H.-H.J.); Fax: +886-3-2118112 (H.-H.J.)
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13
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Xi Y, LaCanna R, Ma HY, N'Diaye EN, Gierke S, Caplazi P, Sagolla M, Huang Z, Lucio L, Arlantico A, Jeet S, Brightbill H, Emson C, Wong A, Morshead KB, DePianto DJ, Roose-Girma M, Yu C, Tam L, Jia G, Ramalingam TR, Marsters S, Ashkenazi A, Kim SH, Kelly R, Wu S, Wolters PJ, Feldstein AE, Vander Heiden JA, Ding N. A WISP1 antibody inhibits MRTF signaling to prevent the progression of established liver fibrosis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1377-1393.e8. [PMID: 35987202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the major risk factor associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-driven chronic liver disease. Although numerous efforts have been made to identify the mediators of the initiation of liver fibrosis, the molecular underpinnings of fibrosis progression remain poorly understood, and therapies to arrest liver fibrosis progression are elusive. Here, we identify a pathway involving WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) and myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) as a central mechanism driving liver fibrosis progression through the integrin-dependent transcriptional reprogramming of myofibroblast cytoskeleton and motility. In mice, WISP1 deficiency protects against fibrosis progression, but not fibrosis onset. Moreover, the therapeutic administration of a novel antibody blocking WISP1 halted the progression of existing liver fibrosis in NASH models. These findings implicate the WISP1-MRTF axis as a crucial determinant of liver fibrosis progression and support targeting this pathway by antibody-based therapy for the treatment of NASH fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xi
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elsa-Noah N'Diaye
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Sagolla
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Lucio
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Arlantico
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hans Brightbill
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire Emson
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Wong
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katrina B Morshead
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daryle J DePianto
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda Tam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guiquan Jia
- Department of Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Scot Marsters
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si Hyun Kim
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ning Ding
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Li Y, Wang F, Liu T, Lv N, Yuan X, Li P. WISP1 induces ovarian cancer via the IGF1/αvβ3/Wnt axis. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:94. [PMID: 35964060 PMCID: PMC9375285 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study intended to clarify the mechanisms by which WISP1-mediated IGF1/αvβ3/Wnt axis might affect the progression of ovarian cancer. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was implemented for pinpointing expression of IGF1 and WISP1 which was verified through expression determination in clinical tissue samples and cells. Next, gain- or loss-of-function experimentations were implemented for testing CAOV4 and SKOV3 cell biological processes. The interaction between WISP1 and IGF1 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and the molecular mechanism was analyzed. Finally, ovarian cancer nude mouse models were prepared to unveil the in vivo effects of WISP1/IGF1. Results IGF1 and WISP1 expression was elevated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, which shared correlation with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer sufferers. Elevated IGF1 induced malignant properties of ovarian cancer cells through activation of PI3K-Akt and Wnt signaling pathway. WISP1 was positively correlated with IGF1. WISP1 could enhance the interaction between IGF1 and αvβ3 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In vivo experiments also confirmed that upregulated WISP1/IGF1 induced tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion In conclusion, WISP1 can facilitate ovarian cancer by activating Wnt via the interaction between IGF1 and αvβ3. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-022-01016-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- 3th Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- 3th Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lv
- 3th Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Yuan
- 3th Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiling Li
- 1st Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Li L, Lv S, Li X, Liu J. Wnt-induced secreted proteins-1 play an important role in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:21. [PMID: 35387687 PMCID: PMC8988378 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this article is to observe the expression of Wnt-induced secreted proteins-1 (WISP1) in paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) to explore the role of WISP1. Methods Healthy individuals were included in the control group. Patients who had acute lung injury or PF were included in the PF group. Venous blood samples were collected from the patients on days 1 and 3 following PQ poisoning to detect the expression levels of the WISP1 gene and protein concentration. Any changes in the patients’ blood gas analysis index were reviewed. In addition, chest computed tomography (CT) and x-ray images were observed to evaluate the relationship between WISP1 expression and disease severity. Results The expression of the WISP1 gene and the serum WISP1 protein concentration were higher in patients with PQ poisoning combined with PF than in patients without PF (P < 0.01). Serum PQ concentration was positively correlated with WISP1 gene expression (r = 0.621, P < 0.01), and serum WISP1 protein concentration (r = 0.596, P < 0.01) was considered a risk factor [odds ratio (OR) = 4.356, P < 0.05] for PQ-induced PF. Concurrently, the results of the adjusted and non-adjusted OR value for WISP1 gene expression and WISP1 protein concentration on day 1 was, respectively, as follows: OR = 12.797, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.478–66.076), P = 0.002, OR’ = 11.353, P = 0.005; and OR = 1.545, 95% CI (1.197–1.995), P = 0.001, OR’ = 1.487, P = 0.003. The CT scan of a 20-year-old male with PQ-induced PF (20 ml) was observed, and it showed a typical hyaline-like lesion in the lungs on day 22 after poisoning; on day 33 after poisoning, the lungs showed localised consolidation combined with air bronchography. Conclusion The expression of WISP1 was higher in the patients with PQ-induced PF compared with the patients without PF. Accordingly, WISP1 plays an important role in PQ-induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanrong Li
- Emergency Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shengnan Lv
- Outpatient Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Outpatient Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Emergency Department, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, No. 53 of Aixin Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518115, Guangdong Province, China.
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16
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Liu L, Xu S, Li P, Li L. A novel adipokine WISP1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:122-129. [PMID: 35431155 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the effect of WISP1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHOD Lentivirus was transiently transfected into log phase 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which were then treated with LPS at a concentration of 10 μg/mL for 24 h. The cells were divided into the following groups: group A (control, untreated cells); group B (LPS-treated cells); group C (GFP), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing GFP; group D (GFP+LPS), group C treated with LPS;group E (WISP1OE), cells transfected with lentivirus, group F (shNC+LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing nshRNA treated with LPS; group G (shWISP1 +LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing shRNA treated with LPS; group H (WISP1OE+LPS), group E treated with LPS; group I (WISP1OE+LPS+LY294002), group E treated with LPS followed by LY294002 for 24 h. RESULTS WISP1 overexpression notably ameliorated cell apoptosis, accompanied with the increased expression of bcl-2, the decreased expressions of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and promoted the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. WISP1 knockdown exhibited the opposite results. In addition, WISP1 stimulated Akt phosphorylation and reduced nuclear translocation of Fork head box protein O3 (FoxO3a) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated by LPS. The inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway diminished the protective effect of WISP1. CONCLUSION WISP1 prevents 3T3-L1 adipocytes from being injured by LPS by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
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17
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Guo P, Li B, Liu MM, Li YX, Weng GY, Gao Y. Protective effects of lotus plumule ethanol extracts on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1432-1441. [PMID: 34724865 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1993670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive fibrosing disease, characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling of the lung architecture, which finally result in respiratory failure. Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment for PF, therefore, the development of effective agents is urgently needed. Lotus plumule, the green embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., a plant of the Nymphaeaceae family, is a traditional Chinese food with exceptional nutritional value and its extracts exert prominent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of lotus plumule extracts (LPEs) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF in mice. Therefore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis were performed. The histopathological examination demonstrated that LPEs could obviously decrease the degree of alveolitis, deposition of ECM and the production of collagen I (Col-I) in the pulmonary interstitium. In addition, the results showed that LPEs markedly alleviated the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Additionally, the content of Col-I and hydroxyproline (HYP) was also attenuated. In conclusion, LPEs could ameliorate the BLM-induced lung fibrosis, thus suggesting that LPEs could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Department of Health Service, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Li
- Specialized Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- Department of Health Service, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Li
- Department of Health Service, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Gong-Yu Weng
- Department of Health Service, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Health Service, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
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18
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Yang N, Zhang Q, Ye S, Lu T, Sun M, Wang L, Wang M, Pan YH, Dang S, Zhang W. Adamts18 Deficiency Causes Spontaneous SMG Fibrogenesis in Adult Mice. J Dent Res 2021; 101:226-234. [PMID: 34323105 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211029270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis of the submandibular gland (also known as Küttner tumor) is characterized by concomitant swelling of the submandibular glands secondary to strong lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis. The pathogenesis of this disease has been unclear, but it is associated with immune disorders. ADAMTS18 is a member of the ADAMTS superfamily of extracellular proteinases. In this study, we showed that Adamts18 is highly expressed in submandibular salivary gland (SMG) during embryonic development and decreases but is retained in adult SMG tissue in mice. Adamts18 deficiency led to reduced cleft formation and epithelial branching in embryonic SMG before embryonic day 15.5 in mice. No significant histologic changes in the later stages of branching or the morphology of SMG were detected in Adamts18-/- mice. However, Adamts18 deficiency causes spontaneous SMG fibrogenesis and fibrosis in adult mice. At 8 wk of age, Adamts18-/- mice began to manifest the first signs of pathologic changes of mild fibrosis and CD11b+ cell infiltration in SMG tissues. At ≥8 mo, all male and female Adamts18-/- mice developed unilateral or bilateral SMG scleroma that is similar to patients with chronic sclerosing sialadenitis of the submandibular gland. Adamts18-/- mice also showed secretory dysfunction and severe dental caries. Histologically, SMG scleroma is characterized by progressive periductal fibrosis, acinar atrophy, irregular duct ectasis, and dense infiltration of IgG-positive plasma cells. A significant infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD11b+ monocytes and macrophages was also detected in the SMG scleroma of Adamts18-/- mice. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-33 were significantly increased in Adamts18-/- SMGs, which induces chronic inflammation and myofibroblast activation, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This study indicates that Adamts18 regulates the early branching morphogenesis of embryonic SMG and plays a role in protecting from spontaneous SMG fibrogenesis via modulating local inflammation, autoimmune reaction, and myofibroblast activation in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Ye
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Lu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y H Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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19
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John AE, Joseph C, Jenkins G, Tatler AL. COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: A potential role for lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:228-240. [PMID: 34028807 PMCID: PMC8237078 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spread around the world following the first reports in Wuhan City, China in late 2019. The disease, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, is primarily a respiratory condition that can affect numerous other bodily systems including the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. The disease ranges in severity from asymptomatic through to severe acute respiratory distress requiring intensive care treatment and mechanical ventilation, which can lead to respiratory failure and death. It has rapidly become evident that COVID-19 patients can develop features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, which in many cases persist for as long as we have thus far been able to follow the patients. Many questions remain about how such fibrotic changes occur within the lung of COVID-19 patients, whether the changes will persist long term or are capable of resolving, and whether post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis has the potential to become progressive, as in other fibrotic lung diseases. This review brings together our existing knowledge on both COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis, with a particular focus on lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, in order to discuss common pathways and processes that may be implicated as we try to answer these important questions in the months and years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E John
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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20
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Wang AP, Yang F, Tian Y, Su JH, Gu Q, Chen W, Gong SX, Ma XF, Qin XP, Jiang ZS. Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence Promotes the Proliferation of PASMCs by Paracrine IL-6 in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2021; 12:656139. [PMID: 33897463 PMCID: PMC8058366 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a critical and dangerous disease in cardiovascular system. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is an important pathophysiological mechanism for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, hypertrophy, and enhancing secretory activity are the main causes of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Previous studies have proven that various active substances and inflammatory factors, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, chemotactic factor for monocyte 1, etc., are involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. However, the underlying mechanisms of these active substances to promote the PASMC proliferation remain to be elucidated. In our study, we demonstrated that PASMC senescence, as a physiopathologic mechanism, played an essential role in hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation. In the progression of PH, senescence PASMCs could contribute to PASMC proliferation via increasing the expression of paracrine IL-6 (senescence-associated secretory phenotype). In addition, we found that activated mTOR/S6K1 pathway can promote PASMC senescence and elevate hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation. Further study revealed that the activation of mTOR/S6K1 pathway was responsible for senescence PASMCs inducing PASMC proliferation via paracrine IL-6. Targeted inhibition of PASMC senescence could effectively suppress PASMC proliferation and relieve pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH, indicating a potential for the exploration of novel anti-PH strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jian-Hui Su
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shao-Xin Gong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ma
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu-Ping Qin
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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21
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Wei F, Ba S, Jin M, Ci R, Wang X, E F, Long Z. RNF180 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Through Ubiquitination of WISP1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:623455. [PMID: 33553163 PMCID: PMC7862563 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.623455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and is biologically and clinically heterogeneous. Due to lack of gene expression signatures for risk and prognosis stratification of CRC, identifying novel molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets may potentially improve CRC prognosis and treatment. RNF180 has been shown to play key contributions to the development of several types of cancers. In the current study, we investigate its role in CRC. In this study, we show that RNF180 expression was significantly downregulated in human CRC tumors and cell lines. Overexpression of RNF180 in CRC cells markedly inhibited cell viability and induced cell apoptosis, while depletion of RNF180 dramatically enhanced cell survival. Moreover, WISP1 was found to be the critical downstream molecule that mediated the tumor suppressive effects of RNF180. Mechanistically, RNF180 ubiquitinated WISP1, resulting in WISP1 downregulation and ultimately leading to suppression of CRC tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Last, 5-FU and RNF180 had synergetic effect on the apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition. Our findings revealed a crucial role of RNF180 in suppressing tumor growth by ubiquitinating WISP1 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Sang Ba
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Ren Ci
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Fusheng E
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, China
| | - Ziwen Long
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Hu Y, Ciminieri C, Hu Q, Lehmann M, Königshoff M, Gosens R. WNT Signalling in Lung Physiology and Pathology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:305-336. [PMID: 34463851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main physiological function of the lung is gas exchange, mediated at the interface between the alveoli and the pulmonary microcapillary network and facilitated by conducting airway structures that regulate the transport of these gases from and to the alveoli. Exposure to microbial and environmental factors such as allergens, viruses, air pollution, and smoke contributes to the development of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Respiratory diseases as a cluster are the commonest cause of chronic disease and of hospitalization in children and are among the three most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide. Many of these chronic respiratory diseases are associated with inflammation and structural remodelling of the airways and/or alveolar tissues. They can often only be treated symptomatically with no disease-modifying therapies that normalize the pathological tissue destruction driven by inflammation and remodelling. In search for novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases, several lines of evidence revealed the WNT pathway as an emerging target for regenerative strategies in the lung. WNT proteins, their receptors, and signalling effectors have central regulatory roles under (patho)physiological conditions underpinning lung function and (chronic) lung diseases and we summarize these roles and discuss how pharmacological targeting of the WNT pathway may be utilized for the treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chiara Ciminieri
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Kopf S, Kumar V, Kender Z, Han Z, Fleming T, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Diabetic Pneumopathy-A New Diabetes-Associated Complication: Mechanisms, Consequences and Treatment Considerations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:765201. [PMID: 34899603 PMCID: PMC8655305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.765201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are over-represented among the total cases reported with "idiopathic" pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This raises the question, whether this is an association only or whether diabetes itself can cause pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes demonstrated that diabetes causes pulmonary fibrosis. Both types of diabetes trigger a cascade, starting with increased DNA damage, an impaired DNA repair, and leading to persistent DNA damage signaling. This response, in turn, induces senescence, a senescence-associated-secretory phenotype (SASP), marked by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, finally resulting in fibrosis. Restoring DNA repair drives fibrosis into remission, thus proving causality. These data can be translated clinically to patients with type 2 diabetes, characterized by long-term diabetes and albuminuria. Hence there are several arguments, to substitute the term "idiopathic" pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in patients with diabetes (and exclusion of other causes of lung diseases) by the term "diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis" (DiPF). However, future studies are required to establish this term and to study whether patients with diabetes respond to the established therapies similar to non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Programme, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC) Translational Diabetes Programme, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter P. Nawroth,
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24
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Wisp1 is a circulating factor that stimulates proliferation of adult mouse and human beta cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5982. [PMID: 33239617 PMCID: PMC7689468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding the mass of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells through re-activation of beta cell replication has been proposed as a therapy to prevent or delay the appearance of diabetes. Pancreatic beta cells exhibit an age-dependent decrease in their proliferative activity, partly related to changes in the systemic environment. Here we report the identification of CCN4/Wisp1 as a circulating factor more abundant in pre-weaning than in adult mice. We show that Wisp1 promotes endogenous and transplanted adult beta cell proliferation in vivo. We validate these findings using isolated mouse and human islets and find that the beta cell trophic effect of Wisp1 is dependent on Akt signaling. In summary, our study reveals the role of Wisp1 as an inducer of beta cell replication, supporting the idea that the use of young blood factors may be a useful strategy to expand adult beta cell mass. The proliferation of pancreatic beta cells decreases with age, partly due to systemic changes. Here the authors identify Wisp1 as a circulating factor enriched in young serum that induces adult beta cell proliferation, supporting the idea that young blood factors may be useful to expand beta cell mass.
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25
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Sun C, Zhang H, Liu X. Emerging role of CCN family proteins in fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4195-4206. [PMID: 33222181 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological change characterized by the excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue. Once uncontrolled, this pathological progress can lead to irreversible damage to the structure and function of organs, which is a serious threat to human health and life. Actually, the disability and death of patients caused by many chronic diseases have a closed relationship with fibrosis. The CCN protein family, including six members, is a small group of matrix proteins exhibiting structurally similar features. In the past 20 years, different biological functions of CCN proteins have been identified in various diseases. Of note, it has been recently shown that they are implicated in the key pathological process of fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current status of knowledge regarding the role of CCN proteins involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis diseases in detail. Furthermore, we highlight some of the underlying interaction mechanisms of CCN protein acting in fibrosis that helps to develop new drugs and determine appropriate clinical strategies for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Zhu Y, Li W, Yang Y, Li Y, Zhao Y. WISP1 indicates poor prognosis and regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric cancer via targeting AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7297-7311. [PMID: 33312368 PMCID: PMC7724330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious threat to human health. We aimed to explore the effects of Wnt1 induced signaling protein 1 (WISP1) on GC. METHODS The WISP1 expressions in GC tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. The connection between GC prognosis and WISP1 expression was analyzed via Pearson's χ2 test. The WISP1 expressions were down-regulated in GC cells through siWISP1 transfection. Colony formation assay and cell counting kit-8 assay were carried out to measure cell colony formation and proliferation, respectively. Flow cytometry was operated to examine the cell cycle and apoptosis. The protein expressions in our study were assessed using western blot. The AKT pathway was blocked by LY294002 treatment and then the cell activities were assessed. Furthermore, GC mice models were established to investigate the effects of WISP1 on GC in vivo. RESULTS We found that WISP1 was highly expressed in GC cells and tissues. The up-regulation of WISP1 was related to poor prognosis of GC patients. WISP1 down-regulation reduced colony formation and cell proliferation, resulted cell cycle arrest and promoted cell apoptosis in GC. WISP1 knockdown suppressed AKT/mTOR pathway activity. LY294002 treatment recovered the decreases of colony formation and cell proliferation, arrest of cell cycle and increase of cell apoptosis which were induced by WISP1 knockdown. WISP1 down-regulation repressed GC tumor growth and enhanced tumor apoptosis in vivo. CONCLUSION WISP1 regulated GC cell proliferation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro through activating AKT/mTOR pathway. WISP1 might be a target in GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yueyue Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, China
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27
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Wang B, Ding X, Ding C, Tesch G, Zheng J, Tian P, Ricardo S, Shen HH, Xue W. WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 regulates the development of kidney fibrosis through the TGF-β1 pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:14507-14520. [PMID: 32896021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000953r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological feature of chronic kidney disease and its progression correlates with declining renal function. Kidney fibrosis is driven by multiple profibrotic factors. This project examined the regulatory function of WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) in the development of kidney fibrosis. Induction of WISP1 by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and the role of WISP1 in TGF-β1/Smad signaling and fibrotic responses, was examined in multiple kidney cells. Kidney expression of WISP1 was examined in mouse models of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. WISP1 antibody was administered to UUO mice during the induction of kidney injury and the impact on kidney fibrosis was examined. WISP1 expression was upregulated in both mouse models. TGF-β1-induced expression of WISP1 and profibrotic genes in cultured kidney cells via TGF-βR1. Recombinant WISP1-induced expression of TGF-βR1 in kidney cells. Suppression of WISP1 by shRNA or neutralizing antibody reduced TGF-β1-mediated activation of Smad3, fibrotic gene expression, and fibroblast proliferation. Treatment with WISP1 antibody inhibited the development of kidney fibrosis in UUO mice. WISP1 mediates the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1 in kidney cells and in kidney disease. Pharmacological blockade of WISP1 exhibits potential as a novel therapy for inhibiting kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Ding
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Greg Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - PuXun Tian
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Sharon Ricardo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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28
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Liu L, Hu J, Yang L, Wang N, Liu Y, Wei X, Gao M, Wang Y, Ma Y, Wen D. Association of WISP1/CCN4 with Risk of Overweight and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Pregnant Women. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:4934206. [PMID: 32377270 PMCID: PMC7180395 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4934206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a higher risk of adverse outcomes than women with obesity or GDM alone. Our study is aimed at investigating the discriminatory power of circulatory Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), a novel adipocytokine, on the copresence of prepregnancy overweight/obesity and GDM and at clarifying the relationship between the WISP1 level and clinical cardiometabolic parameters. METHODS A total of 313 participants were screened from a multicenter prospective prebirth cohort: Born in Shenyang Cohort Study (BISCS). Subjects were examined with a 2 × 2 factorial design for body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 and GDM. Between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, follow-up individuals underwent an OGTT and blood sampling for cardiometabolic characterization. RESULTS We observed that the WISP1 levels were elevated in prepregnancy overweight/obesity patients with GDM, compared with nonoverweight subjects with normal blood glucose (3.45 ± 0.89 vs. 2.91 ± 0.75 ng/mL). Multilogistic regression analyses after adjustments for potential confounding factors revealed that WISP1 was a strong and independent risk factor for prepregnancy overweight/obesity with GDM (all ORs > 1). In addition, the results of the ROC analysis indicated that WISP1 exhibited the capability to identify individuals with prepregnancy overweight/obesity and GDM (all AUC > 0.5). Finally, univariate and multivariate linear regression showed that WISP1 level was positively and independently correlated with fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, and aspartate aminotransferase and was negatively correlated with HDL-C and complement C1q. CONCLUSIONS WISP1 may be critical for the prediction, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies against obesity and GDM in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Jiajin Hu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
- Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
- Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
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29
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Yao Q, The E, Ao L, Zhai Y, Osterholt MK, Fullerton DA, Meng X. TLR4 Stimulation Promotes Human AVIC Fibrogenic Activity through Upregulation of Neurotrophin 3 Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041276. [PMID: 32074942 PMCID: PMC7072994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests as progressive valvular fibrosis and calcification. An inflammatory milieu in valvular tissue promotes fibrosis and calcification. Aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) proliferation and the over-production of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins contribute to valvular thickening. However, the mechanism underlying elevated AVIC fibrogenic activity remains unclear. Recently, we observed that AVICs from diseased aortic valves express higher levels of neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and that NT3 exerts pro-osteogenic and pro-fibrogenic effects on human AVICs. HYPOTHESIS Pro-inflammatory stimuli upregulate NT3 production in AVICs to promote fibrogenic activity in human aortic valves. METHODS AND RESULTS AVICs were isolated from normal human aortic valves and were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.20 µg/mL). LPS induced TLR4-dependent NT3 production. This effect of LPS was abolished by inhibition of the Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways. The stimulation of TLR4 in human AVICs with LPS resulted in a greater proliferation rate and an upregulated production of matrix metallopeptidases-9 (MMP-9) and collagen III, as well as augmented collagen deposition. Recombinant NT3 promoted AVIC proliferation in a tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk)-dependent fashion. The neutralization of NT3 or the inhibition of Trk suppressed LPS-induced AVIC fibrogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS The stimulation of TLR4 in human AVICs upregulates NT3 expression and promotes cell proliferation and collagen deposition. The NT3-Trk cascade plays a critical role in the TLR4-mediated elevation of fibrogenic activity in human AVICs. Upregulated NT3 production by endogenous TLR4 activators may contribute to aortic valve fibrosis associated with CAVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianzhong Meng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +303-724-6303; Fax: +303-724-6330
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Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Ciccarelli G, Baroni MG, Cavallo MG. Sick fat: the good and the bad of old and new circulating markers of adipose tissue inflammation. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1257-1272. [PMID: 31073969 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is one of the largest endocrine organs contributing to metabolic homeostasis. The functional pleiotropism of AT depends on its ability to secrete a large number of hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, all influencing many local and systemic physiological and pathophysiological processes. In condition of chronic positive energy balance, adipocyte expansion, hypoxia, apoptosis and stress all lead to AT inflammation and dysfunction, and it has been demonstrated that this sick fat is a main risk factor for many metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease and cancer. AT dysfunction is tightly associated with aberrant secretion of bioactive peptides, the adipocytokines, and their blood concentrations often reflect the expression in the AT. Despite the existence of an association between AT dysfunction and systemic pro-inflammatory state, most of the circulating molecules detectable in obese and dysmetabolic individuals do not identify specifically the condition of sick fat. Based on this premise, this review provides a concise overview of "classic" and novel promising adipocytokines associated with AT inflammation and discusses possible critical approaches to their interpretation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ciccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - M G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Wang L, Sun J, Gao P, Su K, Wu H, Li J, Lou W. Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 regulates laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma glycolysis and chemoresistance via the YAP1/TEAD1/GLUT1 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15941-15950. [PMID: 30805937 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) is a matricellular protein and downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This study sought to determine the role of WISP1 in glucose metabolism and chemoresistance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. WISP1 expression was silenced or upregulated in Hep-2 cells by the transfection of WISP1 siRNA or AdWISP1 vector. Ectopic WISP1 expression regulated glucose uptake and lactate production in Hep-2 cells. Subsequently, the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was significantly modulated by WISP1. Furthermore, WISP1 increased cell survival rates, diminished cell death rates, and suppressed ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-mediated DNA damage response pathway in cancer cells treated with cisplatin through GLUT1. WISP1 also promoted cancer cell tumorigenicity and growth in mice implanted with Hep-2 cells. Additionally, WISP1 activated the YAP1/TEAD1 pathway that consequently contributed to the regulation of GLUT1 expression. In summary, WISP1 regulated glucose metabolism and cisplatin resistance in laryngeal cancer by regulating GLUT1 expression. WISP1 may be used as a potential therapeutic target for laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang H, Xie Q, Ou-Yang W, Zhang M. Integrative analyses of genes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8648-8660. [PMID: 30506760 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by irreversible scarring and progressive destruction of the lung tissue, is one of the most common types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia worldwide. However, there are no reliable candidates for curative therapies. Hence, elucidation of the mechanisms of IPF genesis and exploration of potential biomarkers and prognostic indicators are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment of IPF. Recently, efficient microarray and bioinformatics analyses have promoted an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease occurrence and development, which is necessary to explore genetic alternations and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. However, high false-positive rates results have been observed based on single microarray datasets. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the differential expression, biological functions, and interactions of IPF-related genes. Three publicly available microarray datasets including 54 IPF samples and 34 normal samples were integrated by performing gene set enrichment analysis and analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our results identified 350 DEGs genetically associated with IPF. Gene ontology analyses revealed that the changes in the modules were mostly enriched in the positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, positive regulation of inflammatory responses, and the extracellular space. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that IPF involves the TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. To identify key genes related to IPF in the protein-protein interaction network, 20 hub genes were screened out with highest scores. Our results provided a framework for developing new pathological molecular networks related to specific diseases in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wen Ou-Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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Gaudreau PO, Clairefond S, Class CA, Boulay PL, Chrobak P, Allard B, Azzi F, Pommey S, Do KA, Saad F, Trudel D, Young M, Stagg J. WISP1 is associated to advanced disease, EMT and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1581545. [PMID: 31069142 PMCID: PMC6492985 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1581545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP1) is implicated in prostate cancer growth and metastasis and the regulation of inflammation in diverse benign diseases. The objectives of this study were to assess the prognostic value of WISP1, its association to inflammation and its relevance as a biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response. Methods: Publicly available RNA-seq datasets were used to evaluate the prognostic value of WISP1 gene expression and its association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, inflamed tumor microenvironment, and anti-PD-1 ICB response. A tissue microarray (TMA) including 285 radical prostatectomy specimens was used to confirm these associations in prostate cancer. The effect of recombinant WISP1 (rWISP1) on inflammatory cytokines was assessed in vitro. Results: High levels of WISP1 correlated with BCR-free survival in prostate adenocarcinoma and overall survival in primary melanoma, low-grade glioma, and kidney papillary cell carcinoma. Some effects could be accounted for by higher WISP1 expression in advanced disease. High WISP1 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma was correlated with CD8+ cells density. In vitro, rWISP1 increased inflammatory cytokine production. High WISP1 gene expression in RNA-seq datasets was correlated with gene signatures of multiple immune cell types as well as an inflammatory cytokine, immune checkpoint, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression. WISP1 mRNA expression was associated with primary resistance to ICB in datasets showing EMT. Conclusions: Our results support an association between WISP1 expression and advanced disease, EMT and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. The consequences of WISP1 expression on cancer immunotherapy remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sylvie Clairefond
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caleb A Class
- T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pierre-Luc Boulay
- Département de pharmacologie et de physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Feryel Azzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Pommey
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- Département d'Urologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal / CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Département de pathologie), Département de pathologie et axe cancer, Université de Montréal (Département de pathologie et de biologie cellulaire) et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marian Young
- NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal / CRCHUM, Axe Cancer, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Huang X, Li L, Ammar R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ravi K, Thompson J, Jarai G. Molecular characterization of a precision-cut rat lung slice model for the evaluation of antifibrotic drugs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L348-L357. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00339.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The translation of novel pulmonary fibrosis therapies from preclinical models into the clinic represents a major challenge demonstrated by the high attrition rate of compounds that showed efficacy in preclinical models but demonstrated no significant beneficial effects in clinical trials. A precision-cut lung tissue slice (PCLS) contains all major cell types of the lung and preserves the original cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. It represents a promising ex vivo model to study pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, using RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) induced robust fibrotic responses in the rat PCLS model, as it changed the expression of genes functionally related to extracellular matrix remodeling, cell adhesion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and various immune responses. Nintedanib, pirfenidone, and sorafenib each reversed a subset of genes modulated by TGFβ1, and of those genes we identified 229 whose expression was reversed by all three drugs. These genes define a molecular signature characterizing many aspects of pulmonary fibrosis pathology and its attenuation in the rat PCLS fibrosis model. A panel of 12 genes and three secreted biomarkers, including procollagen I, hyaluronic acid, and WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 were validated as efficacy end points for the evaluation of antifibrotic activity of experimental compounds. Finally, we showed that blockade of αV-integrins suppressed TGFβ1-induced fibrotic responses in the rat PCLS fibrosis model. Overall, our results suggest that the TGFβ1-induced rat PCLS fibrosis model may represent a valuable system for target validation and to determine the efficacy of experimental compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Ron Ammar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Yihe Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Kandasamy Ravi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Department of Cardiovascular and Fibrotic Diseases Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey
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Wang L, Sun J, Cao H. MicroRNA-384 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis through directly targeting WISP1 in laryngeal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3018-3026. [PMID: 30548664 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer (LC) is an increasingly common malignant tumors of head and neck cancer. Aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is closely related with LC development. In the current study, we investigated the biological function and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-384 in LC. The results showed that the miR-384 expression was markedly downregulated in LC tissue and cell lines (TU212 and TU686) as compared with that of adjacent nontumor tissues and a normal human bronchial epithelial cell line. Next, we performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in the TU212 and TU686 cells by transfecting the cells with miR-384 mimics, miR-384 inhibitor, or miRNA control. Moreover, results showed that miR-384 mimic remarkably inhibited LC cell proliferation, which was notably decreased by miR-384 inhibitor. Furthermore, miR-384 mimics notably increased the amounts of DNA fragmentation from the apoptotic cells (a hallmark of apoptosis) and the caspase-3 activity, whereas miR-384 inhibitor resulted in a decline of DNA fragmentation and the caspase-3 activity compared with its control. In addition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Wnt-induced secreted protein-1 (WISP1) gene was a direct target of miR-384. MiR-384 mimic remarkably inhibited the messenger RNA and protein expression of WISP1, which was upregulated by miR-384 inhibitor as compared to its control. WISP1 knockdown by small interfering RNA inhibited LC cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. WISP1 overexpression partly abrogates the effect of miR-384 overexpression. Taken together, these data indicate that miR-384 regulates LC cell proliferation and apoptosis through targeting WISP1 signaling pathway, providing a novel insight into the LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ding X, Tong Y, Jin S, Chen Z, Li T, Billiar TR, Pitt BR, Li Q, Zhang LM. Mechanical ventilation enhances extrapulmonary sepsis-induced lung injury: role of WISP1-αvβ5 integrin pathway in TLR4-mediated inflammation and injury. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:302. [PMID: 30445996 PMCID: PMC6240278 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background High tidal volume ventilation of healthy lungs or exacerbation of existing acute lung injury (ALI) by more moderate mechanical ventilation (MTV) produces ventilator-induced lung injury. It is less clear whether extrapulmonary sepsis sensitizes the lung to MTV. Methods We used a two-hit model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed 12 h later by MTV (10 ml/kg; 6 h) to determine whether otherwise noninjurious MTV enhances CLP-induced ALI by contrasting wildtype and TLR4−/− mice with respect to: alveolar-capillary permeability, histopathology and intrapulmonary levels of WNT-inducible secreted protein 1 (WISP1) and integrin β5; plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-2, MCP-1) and intrapulmonary neutrophil infiltration; and other inflammatory signaling via intrapulmonary activation of JNK, p38 and ERK. A separate cohort of mice was pretreated with intratracheal neutralizing antibodies to WISP1, integrin β5 or IgG as control and the presented phenotyping repeated in a two-hit model; there were 10 mice per group in these first three experiments. Also, isolated peritoneal macrophages (PM) from wildtype and TLR4−/−, MyD88−/− and TRIF−/− mice were used to identify a WISP1–TLR4–integrin β5 pathway; and the requisite role of integrin β5 in WISP1-induced cytokine and chemokine production in LPS-primed PM was examined by siRNA treatment. Results MTV, that in itself did not cause ALI, exacerbated increases in alveolar-capillary permeability, histopathologic scoring and indices of pulmonary inflammation in mice that previously underwent CLP; the effects of this two-hit model were abrogated in TLR4−/− mice. Attendant with these findings was a significant increase in intrapulmonary WISP1 and integrin β5 in the two-hit model. Anti-WISP1 or anti-integrin β5 antibodies partially inhibited the two-hit phenotype. In PM, activation of TLR4 led to an increase in integrin β5 expression that was MyD88 and NF-κB dependent. Recombinant WISP1 increased LPS-induced cytokine release in PM that was inhibited by silencing either TLR4 or integrin β5. Conclusions These data show for the first time that otherwise noninjurious mechanical ventilation can exacerbate ALI due to extrapulmonary sepsis underscoring a potential interactive contribution of common events (sepsis and mechanical ventilation) in critical care, and that a WISP1–TLR4–integrin β5 pathway contributes to this phenomenon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-018-2237-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibing Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St. UPMC MUH N467, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhixia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Tunliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya 3rd Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce R Pitt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St. UPMC MUH N467, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA.
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Mechanism of fibrogenesis in submandibular glands in patients with IgG4-RD. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:577-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Aloperine Protects Mice against Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Attenuating Fibroblast Proliferation and Differentiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6265. [PMID: 29674691 PMCID: PMC5908909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloperine is a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from Sophora alopecuroides. It has been proven to alleviate oxidative stress and effectively promote tumor cell apoptosis in mice. Herein, we investigated whether aloperine could also mediate its protective effects on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pathological staining, western blot, RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the impact of aloperine on the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The effect of aloperine on fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and related signaling pathways were next investigated to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms. In the present report, we showed that aloperine provided protection for mice against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis as manifested by the attenuated lung injury and reduced fibrosis along with alleviated fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, we provided in vitro evidence revealing that aloperine inhibited cellular proliferation in PDGF-BB-stimulated mouse lung fibroblasts by repressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation by repressed TGF-β/Smad signaling. Overall, our data showed that aloperine could protect the mice against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by attenuated fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, which indicated that aloperine may be therapeutically beneficial for IPF patients.
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Burgy O, Königshoff M. The WNT signaling pathways in wound healing and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:67-80. [PMID: 29572156 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathways are major regulators of organ development. Ample research over the past few decades revealed that these pathways are critically involved in adult tissue homeostasis and stem cell function as well as the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. In this review, we will describe the different WNT signal pathways, summarize the current evidence of WNT signal involvement in wound healing and fibrosis, and highlight potential novel therapeutic options for fibrotic disorders targeting WNT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), represent a significant and increasing health burden. Current therapies are largely symptomatic, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Aging has emerged as a contributing factor for the development of both IPF and COPD because their prevalence increases with age, and several pathological features of these diseases resemble classical hallmarks of aging. Aging is thought to be driven in part by aberrant activity of developmental signaling pathways that thus might drive pathological changes, a process termed antagonistic pleiotropy or developmental drift. The developmental WNT pathway is fundamental for lung development, and altered WNT activity has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of CLD, in particular to COPD and IPF. Although to date only limited data on WNT signaling during lung aging exist, WNT signal regulation during aging and its effects on age-related pathologies in other organs have recently been investigated. In this review, we discuss evidence of dysregulated WNT signaling in CLD in the context of WNT signal alteration in organ aging and its potential impact on age-related cellular mechanisms, such as senescence or stem cell exhaustion.
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Mümmler C, Burgy O, Hermann S, Mutze K, Günther A, Königshoff M. Cell-specific expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2018; 32:703-716. [PMID: 28986417 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700482r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with limited therapeutic options and unknown etiology. IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury, impaired cellular crosstalk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and the formation of fibroblast foci with increased extracellular matrix deposition (ECM). We investigated the role of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master regulator of bone development that has been linked to profibrotic signaling. RUNX2 expression was up-regulated in lung homogenates from patients with IPF and in experimental bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The RUNX2 level correlated with disease severity as measured by decreased diffusing capacity and increased levels of the IPF biomarker, matrix metalloproteinase 7. Nuclear RUNX2 was observed in prosurfactant protein C-positive hyperplastic epithelial cells and was rarely found in myofibroblasts. We discovered an up-regulation of RUNX2 in fibrotic alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells as well as an increase of RUNX2-negative fibroblasts in experimental and human pulmonary fibrosis. Functionally, small interfering RNA-mediated RUNX2 knockdown decreased profibrotic ATII cell function, such as proliferation and migration, whereas fibroblasts displayed activation markers and increased ECM expression after RUNX2 knockdown. This study reveals that RUNX2 is differentially expressed in ATII cells vs. fibroblasts in lung fibrosis, which contributes to profibrotic cell function. Cell-specific targeting of RUNX2 pathways may represent a therapeutic approach for IPF.-Mümmler, C., Burgy, O., Hermann, S., Mutze, K., Günther, A., Königshoff, M. Cell-specific expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 contributes to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mümmler
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Hermann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Quiros M, Nishio H, Neumann PA, Siuda D, Brazil JC, Azcutia V, Hilgarth R, O'Leary MN, Garcia-Hernandez V, Leoni G, Feng M, Bernal G, Williams H, Dedhia PH, Gerner-Smidt C, Spence J, Parkos CA, Denning TL, Nusrat A. Macrophage-derived IL-10 mediates mucosal repair by epithelial WISP-1 signaling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3510-3520. [PMID: 28783045 DOI: 10.1172/jci90229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to injury, epithelial cells migrate and proliferate to cover denuded mucosal surfaces and repair the barrier defect. This process is orchestrated by dynamic crosstalk between immune cells and the epithelium; however, the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that IL-10 was rapidly induced following intestinal mucosal injury and was required for optimal intestinal mucosal wound closure. Conditional deletion of IL-10 specifically in CD11c-expressing cells in vivo implicated macrophages as a critical innate immune contributor to IL-10-induced wound closure. Consistent with these findings, wound closure in T cell- and B cell-deficient Rag1-/- mice was unimpaired, demonstrating that adaptive immune cells are not absolutely required for this process. Further, following mucosal injury, macrophage-derived IL-10 resulted in epithelial cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation and subsequent synthesis and secretion of the pro-repair WNT1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP-1). WISP-1 induced epithelial cell proliferation and wound closure by activating epithelial pro-proliferative pathways. These findings define the involvement of macrophages in regulating an IL-10/CREB/WISP-1 signaling axis, with broad implications in linking innate immune activation to mucosal wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hikaru Nishio
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Philipp A Neumann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Siuda
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roland Hilgarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Monique N O'Leary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Giovanna Leoni
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingli Feng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabriela Bernal
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jason Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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43
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Jia S, Qu T, Feng M, Ji K, Li Z, Jiang W, Ji J. Association of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 with the proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699755. [PMID: 28618940 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 is a cysteine-rich protein that belongs to the CCN family, which has been implicated in mediating the occurrence and progression through distinct molecular mechanisms in several tumor types. However, the association of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 with gastric cancer and the related molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the biological role of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer cells and further investigated the associated molecular mechanism on these biological functions. We first detected the expression level of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 in gastric cancer, and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction have shown that Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 expression levels were upregulated in gastric cancer tissues. The expression of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 in gastric cancer cell lines was also detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Furthermore, two gastric cancer cell lines with high expression of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 were selected to explore the biological function of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 in gastric cancer. Function assays indicated that knockdown of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in BGC-823 and AGS gastric cancer cells. Further investigation of mechanisms suggested that cyclinD1 was identified as one of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 related genes to accelerate proliferation in gastric cancer cells. In addition, one pathway of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 induced migration and invasion was mainly through the enhancement of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition progression. Taken together, our findings presented the first evidence that Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 was upregulated in gastric cancer and acted as an oncogene by promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Jia
- 1 Laboratory of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,2 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,3 Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Qu
- 3 Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,4 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- 1 Laboratory of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Ji
- 4 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- 4 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenguo Jiang
- 5 Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jiafu Ji
- 4 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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44
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Distinct Roles of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3520581. [PMID: 28588349 PMCID: PMC5447271 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3520581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are tightly controlled under a physiological condition, under which they play key roles in many biological functions, including cell fate specification and tissue regeneration. Increasing lines of evidence recently demonstrated that a dysregulated activation of Wnt signaling, particularly the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this respect, Wnt signaling interacts with other cellular signaling pathways to regulate the initiation and pathogenic procedures of airway inflammation and remodeling, pulmonary myofibroblast proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and development of emphysema. Intriguingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated in IPF; an inhibition of this signaling leads to an alleviation of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in experimental models. Conversely, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is inactivated in COPD tissues, and its reactivation results in an amelioration of airspace enlargement with a restored alveolar epithelial structure and function in emphysema models. These studies thus imply distinct mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of these two chronic pulmonary diseases, indicating potential targets for COPD and IPF treatments. This review article aims to summarize the involvement and pathogenic roles of Wnt signaling pathways in the COPD and IPF, with a focus on the implication of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets in these two incurable diseases.
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Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Capoccia D, De Gioannis R, Porzia A, Mainiero F, Di Martino M, Bertoccini L, De Bernardinis M, Leonetti F, Baroni MG, Lenzi A, Cavallo MG. WISP1 Is a Marker of Systemic and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Dysmetabolic Subjects With or Without Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:660-670. [PMID: 29264519 PMCID: PMC5686652 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) is a novel adipokine participating in adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction; so far, no data on WISP1 in diabetes are available. Objectives: To evaluate plasma WISP1 in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its correlates linked to AT inflammation. Design and Participants: For this cross-sectional study, 97 consecutive dysmetabolic patients were recruited at the diabetes outpatient clinics of Sapienza University in Rome; 71 of them had T2D, with (n = 35) or without (n = 36) obesity, and 26 were obese patients without diabetes. Twenty-one normal-weight nondiabetic individuals were enrolled as a control group. Study participants underwent clinical workup and blood sampling for metabolic/inflammatory characterization; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data on subcutaneous AT and visceral AT (VAT) area, hepatic fat content, and VAT homogeneity were available for most diabetic patients. Results: Plasma WISP1 significantly increased throughout classes of obesity and correlated with greater VAT area, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and lower adiponectin levels, without differing between diabetic and nondiabetic participants. Higher IL-8 was the main determinant of increased WISP1. MRI-assessed VAT inhomogeneity was associated with higher WISP1, IL-8 and C-reactive protein levels, independent of obesity; high WISP1 strongly predicted VAT inhomogeneity (P < 0.001). Conclusions: WISP1 levels are increased in obese persons and are directly related to adiposity, independent of glycemic status or insulin resistance; moreover, they are strongly associated with increased plasma IL-8 and signal abnormalities of VAT. The overall data add insights to the mechanisms underlying metabolic alterations and may open a scenario for innovative therapeutic approaches for diabetes prevention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Gioannis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porzia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mainiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Di Martino
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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46
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Baarsma HA, Königshoff M. 'WNT-er is coming': WNT signalling in chronic lung diseases. Thorax 2017; 72:746-759. [PMID: 28416592 PMCID: PMC5537530 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases represent a major public health problem with only limited therapeutic options. An important unmet need is to identify compounds and drugs that target key molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. Over the last decade, there has been extensive interest in investigating Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling pathways; and WNT signal alterations have been linked to pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. Here, we comprehensively review the cumulative evidence for WNT pathway alterations in chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma and COPD. While many studies have focused on the canonical WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway, recent reports highlight that non-canonical WNT signalling may also significantly contribute to chronic lung pathologies; these studies will be particularly featured in this review. We further discuss recent advances uncovering the role of WNT signalling early in life, the potential of pharmaceutically modulating WNT signalling pathways and highlight (pre)clinical studies describing promising new therapies for chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - M Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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47
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Emodin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:161-172. [PMID: 27717887 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease with few treatment options and poor prognosis. Emodin, extracted from Chinese rhubarb, was found to be able to alleviate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aimed to further investigate the effects of emodin on the inflammation and fibrosis of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and the mechanism involved in rats. Our results showed that emodin improved pulmonary function, reduced weight loss and prevented death in BLM-treated rats. Emodin significantly relieved lung edema and fibrotic changes, decreased collagen deposition, and suppressed the infiltration of myofibroblasts [characterized by expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] and inflammatory cells (mainly macrophages and lymphocytes). Moreover, emodin reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1 and heat shock protein (HSP)-47 in the lungs of BLM-treated rats. In vitro, emodin profoundly inhibited TGF-β1-induced α-SMA, collagen IV and fibronectin expression in human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELFs). Emodin also inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 and STAT3 activation, indicating that Smad2/3 and STAT3 inactivation mediates emodin-induced effects on TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. These results suggest that emodin can exert its anti-fibrotic effect via suppression of TGF-β1 signaling and subsequently inhibition of inflammation, HSP-47 expression, myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition.
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48
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Gubbiotti MA, Vallet SD, Ricard-Blum S, Iozzo RV. Decorin interacting network: A comprehensive analysis of decorin-binding partners and their versatile functions. Matrix Biol 2016; 55:7-21. [PMID: 27693454 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decorin, a prototype small leucine-rich proteoglycan, regulates a vast array of cellular processes including collagen fibrillogenesis, wound repair, angiostasis, tumor growth, and autophagy. This functional versatility arises from a wide array of decorin/protein interactions also including interactions with its single glycosaminoglycan side chain. The decorin-binding partners encompass numerous categories ranging from extracellular matrix molecules to cell surface receptors to growth factors and enzymes. Despite the diversity of the decorin interacting network, two main roles emerge as prominent themes in decorin function: maintenance of cellular structure and outside-in signaling, culminating in anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we present contemporary knowledge regarding the decorin interacting network and discuss in detail the biological relevance of these pleiotropic interactions, some of which could be targeted by therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- Pericellular and Extracellular Supramolecular Assemblies, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Pericellular and Extracellular Supramolecular Assemblies, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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