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Venkatesan D, Muthukumar S, Iyer M, Babu HWS, Gopalakrishnan AV, Yadav MK, Vellingiri B. Heavy metals toxicity on epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23741. [PMID: 38816991 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive decline in cognitive ability and behavior which eventually disrupts daily activities. AD has no cure and the progression rate varies unlikely. Among various causative factors, heavy metals are reported to be a significant hazard in AD pathogenesis. Metal-induced neurodegeneration has been focused globally with thorough research to unravel the mechanistic insights in AD. Recently, heavy metals suggested to play an important role in epigenetic alterations which might provide evidential results on AD pathology. Epigenetic modifications are known to play towards novel therapeutic approaches in treating AD. Though many studies focus on epigenetics and heavy metal implications in AD, there is a lack of research on heavy metal influence on epigenetic toxicity in neurological disorders. The current review aims to elucidate the plausible role of cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and lithium (Li) metals on epigenetic factors and the increase in amyloid beta and tau phosphorylation in AD. Also, the review discusses the common methods of heavy metal detection to implicate in AD pathogenesis. Hence, from this review, we can extend the need for future research on identifying the mechanistic behavior of heavy metals on epigenetic toxicity and to develop diagnostic and therapeutic markers in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Venkatesan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Sindduja Muthukumar
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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2
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Panghal A, Flora SJS. Nanotechnology in the diagnostic and therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130559. [PMID: 38191034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by β-amyloid plaque, intraneuronal tangles, significant neuronal loss and cognitive deficit. Treatment in the early stages of the disease is crucial for preventing or perhaps reversing the neurodegeneration in the AD cases. However, none of the current diagnostic procedures are capable of early diagnosis of AD. Further, the available treatments merely provide symptomatic alleviation in AD and do not address the underlying illness. Therefore, there is no permanent cure for AD currently. Better therapeutic outcomes need the optimum drug concentration in the central nervous system (CNS) by traversing blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology offers enormous promise to transform the treatment and diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanotechnology based diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems and theragnostic are capable of highly sensitive molecular detection, effective drug targeting and their combination. Significant work has been done in this area over the last decade and prospective results have been obtained in AD therapy. This review explores the various applications of nanotechnology in addressing the varied facets of AD, ranging from early detection to therapeutic interventions. This review also looks at how nanotechnology can help with the development of disease-modifying medicines, such as the delivery of anti-amyloid, anti-tau, cholinesterase inhibitors, antioxidants and hormonal drugs. In conclusion, this paper discusses the role of nanotechnology in the early detection of AD, effective drug targeting to the CNS and theragnostic applications in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Panghal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Panjab 160012, India
| | - S J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Panjab 160012, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Era Medical University, Safarajganj, Lucknow 226003, U.P., India.
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3
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Wang J, Fu J, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Yan X, Su J. Iron and Targeted Iron Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16353. [PMID: 38003544 PMCID: PMC10671546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. β-amyloid plaque (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as dysregulated energy metabolism in the brain, are key factors in the progression of AD. Many studies have observed abnormal iron accumulation in different regions of the AD brain, which is closely correlated with the clinical symptoms of AD; therefore, understanding the role of brain iron accumulation in the major pathological aspects of AD is critical for its treatment. This review discusses the main mechanisms and recent advances in the involvement of iron in the above pathological processes, including in iron-induced oxidative stress-dependent and non-dependent directions, summarizes the hypothesis that the iron-induced dysregulation of energy metabolism may be an initiating factor for AD, based on the available evidence, and further discusses the therapeutic perspectives of targeting iron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (J.W.); (J.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.)
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4
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Ramirez E, Ganegamage SK, Min S, Patel H, Ogunware A, Plascencia-Villa G, Alnakhala H, Shimanaka K, Tripathi A, Wang KW, Zhu X, Rochet JC, Kuo MH, Counts SE, Perry G, Dettmer U, Lasagna-Reeves CA, Fortin JS. Evaluation of N- and O-Linked Indole Triazines for a Dual Effect on α-Synuclein and Tau Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3913-3927. [PMID: 37818657 PMCID: PMC10624178 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder underlying dementia in the geriatric population. AD manifests by two pathological hallmarks: extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide-containing senile plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles comprised of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau). However, more than half of AD cases also display the presence of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn)-containing Lewy bodies. Conversely, Lewy bodies disorders have been reported to have concomitant Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our drug discovery program focuses on the synthesis of multitarget-directed ligands to abrogate aberrant α-syn, tau (2N4R), and p-tau (1N4R) aggregation and to slow the progression of AD and related dementias. To this end, we synthesized 11 compounds with a triazine-linker and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing α-syn, tau isoform 2N4R, and p-tau isoform 1N4R aggregation. We utilized biophysical methods such as thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP), and M17D intracellular inclusion cell-based assays to evaluate the antiaggregation properties and cellular protection of our best compounds. We also performed disaggregation assays with isolated Aβ-plaques from human AD brains. Our results demonstrated that compound 10 was effective in reducing both oligomerization and fibril formation of α-syn and tau isoform 2N4R in a dose-dependent manner via ThT and PICUP assays. Compound 10 was also effective at reducing the formation of recombinant α-syn, tau 2N4R, and p-tau 1N4R fibrils by TEM. Compound 10 reduced the development of α-syn inclusions in M17D neuroblastoma cells and stopped the seeding of tau P301S using biosensor cells. Disaggregation experiments showed smaller Aβ-plaques and less paired helical filaments with compound 10. Compound 10 may provide molecular scaffolds for further optimization and preclinical studies for neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ramirez
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Susantha K. Ganegamage
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sehong Min
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Henika Patel
- Department
of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Adedayo Ogunware
- Department
of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department
of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Heba Alnakhala
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kazuma Shimanaka
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kuang-Wei Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department
of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Scott E. Counts
- Department
of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, United States
| | - George Perry
- Department
of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cristian A. Lasagna-Reeves
- Department
of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jessica S. Fortin
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Guo R, Liu X, Yuan T, Liu Z. Sesamol Mitigates Chronic Iron Overload-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Systemic Inflammation via IL-6 and DMT1 Regulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300012. [PMID: 37452409 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive iron contributes to oxidative damage and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Sesamol, a compound in sesame oil that exhibits both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, is examined in this study for its ability to alleviate cognitive impairments in iron overload mice model. METHODS AND RESULTS An iron overload model is established by intraperitoneally injecting dextran iron (250 mg kg-1 body weight) twice a week for 6 weeks, while sesamol (100 mg kg-1 body weight) is administered daily for the same length of time. The results demonstrate that sesamol protects spatial working memory and learning ability in iron overload mice, and inhibits neuronal loss and brain atrophy induced by iron overload. Moreover, sesamol significantly decreases interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde, and increases glutathione peroxidase 4 in the brains of iron overload mice. Additionally, sesamol maintains iron homeostasis in the brain by regulating the expressions of transferrin receptors, divalent metal transporter 1, and hepcidin, and reducing iron accumulation. Furthermore, sesamol suppresses disturbed systemic iron homeostasis and inflammation, particularly liver interleukin-6 expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sesamol may be effective in mitigating neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive impairments induced by iron overload, potentially through its involvement in mediating the liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yishan Jiang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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6
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Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G. Roles of Oxidative Stress in Synaptic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1628. [PMID: 37627623 PMCID: PMC10451948 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disorder that progressively undermines memory and thinking skills by affecting the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. The main histopathological hallmarks of AD are the presence of abnormal protein aggregates (Aβ and tau), synaptic dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, cytoskeletal abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, DNA and RNA defects, inflammation, and neuronal cell death. However, oxidative stress or oxidative damage is also evident and commonly overlooked or considered a consequence of the advancement of dementia symptoms. The control or onset of oxidative stress is linked to the activity of the amyloid-β peptide, which may serve as both antioxidant and pro-oxidant molecules. Furthermore, oxidative stress is correlated with oxidative damage to proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids in vulnerable cell populations, which ultimately lead to neuronal death through different molecular mechanisms. By recognizing oxidative stress as an integral feature of AD, alternative therapeutic or preventive interventions are developed and tested as potential or complementary therapies for this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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7
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Cogswell PM, Fan AP. Multimodal comparisons of QSM and PET in neurodegeneration and aging. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120068. [PMID: 37003447 PMCID: PMC10947478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been used to study susceptibility changes that may occur based on tissue composition and mineral deposition. Iron is a primary contributor to changes in magnetic susceptibility and of particular interest in applications of QSM to neurodegeneration and aging. Iron can contribute to neurodegeneration through inflammatory processes and via interaction with aggregation of disease-related proteins. To better understand the local susceptibility changes observed on QSM, its signal has been studied in association with other imaging metrics such as positron emission tomography (PET). The associations of QSM and PET may provide insight into the pathophysiology of disease processes, such as the role of iron in aging and neurodegeneration, and help to determine the diagnostic utility of QSM as an indirect indicator of disease processes typically evaluated with PET. In this review we discuss the proposed mechanisms and summarize prior studies of the associations of QSM and amyloid PET, tau PET, TSPO PET, FDG-PET, 15O-PET, and F-DOPA PET in evaluation of neurologic diseases with a focus on aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrice M Cogswell
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Audrey P Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 1590 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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8
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Uddin MS, Ashraf GM. Dysregulation of Neuronal Iron in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2247-2250. [PMID: 34970955 PMCID: PMC10556378 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211231163544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Rogers JT, Cahill CM. Iron Responsiveness to Lysosomal Disruption: A Novel Pathway to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:41-45. [PMID: 37781810 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD) mutations in the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) enhance brain AβPP C-Terminal Fragment (CTF) levels to inhibit lysosomal v-ATPase. Consequent disrupted acidification of the endolysosomal pathway may trigger brain iron deficiencies and mitochondrial dysfunction. The iron responsive element (IRE) in the 5'Untranslated-region of AβPP mRNA should be factored into this cycle where reduced bioavailable Fe-II would decrease IRE-dependent AβPP translation and levels of APP-CTFβ in a cycle to adaptively restore iron homeostasis while increases of transferrin-receptors is evident. In healthy younger individuals, Fe-dependent translational modulation of AβPP is part of the neuroprotective function of sAβPPα with its role in iron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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10
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Cognitive Decline: A Review of Technical Aspects and Applications. Cognit Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-022-10095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Cavaliere F, Gülöksüz S. Shedding light on the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia: the exposome paradigm. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 1:20. [PMID: 38609523 PMCID: PMC10956007 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-022-00018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cavaliere
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Sinan Gülöksüz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Akter S, Karal MAS, Hasan S, Ahamed MK, Ahmed M, Ahammed S. Effects of cholesterol on the anionic magnetite nanoparticle-induced deformation and poration of giant lipid vesicles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28283-28294. [PMID: 36320506 PMCID: PMC9531538 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of cholesterol on the deformation and poration of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs). Negatively charged lipid, neutral lipid, and cholesterol were used to prepare the charged GUVs (surface charge density of membranes - 0.16 C m-2), while only neutral lipid and cholesterol were used to prepare the neutral GUVs. Cholesterol content varied from 0 to 40 mole% for preparing the biologically relevant membranes. The degree of deformation has been characterized by compactness, the value of which remains at 1.0 for spherical GUVs. The value of compactness increases with time for both membranes, but this increase depends on cholesterol content. The average compactness decreases with cholesterol content, and at 60 min, the values are 1.280 ± 0.002 and 1.131 ± 0.010 for 0 and 40 mole% cholesterol containing charged GUVs. The average compactness is relatively lower for neutral GUVs for the corresponding cholesterol. Membrane poration has been investigated by the leakage of calcein, which indicates a two-state transition model. The fraction of deformation is higher for charged GUVs than for neutral ones, while the fraction of poration shows the opposite result. Both the fractions decrease with cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority Agargaon Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
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13
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Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G. Neuropathologic Changes Provide Insights into Key Mechanisms of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1340-1346. [PMID: 35931209 PMCID: PMC9552032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognition. AD progression is closely correlated with neuropathologic changes and accumulation of the two main hallmark lesions, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Nevertheless, deciphering the complex biological aspects of AD requires looking for the neuropathologic changes not only as the cause but also as the collective response to a disease process that is essential to maintaining life during aging but ultimately generates a nonfunctional brain. Chronic conditions, such as AD, represent a new homeostatic balance or disease state, where the organism responds or adapts to maintain life. The pathologic diagnosis of AD still remains the gold standard for precise diagnosis of dementia, commonly in conjunction with cognitive-memory tests and brain image scans. Herein, we present a general overview of the main neuropathologic hallmarks and features of AD and related dementia, revealing the key biological and functional changes as potential drivers of age-dependent brain failure related to AD. The present work reflects some of the main ideas presented during the American Society for Investigative Pathology Rous-Whipple Award Lecture 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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14
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Hasan S, Karal MAS, Akter S, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Influence of sugar concentration on the vesicle compactness, deformation and membrane poration induced by anionic nanoparticles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275478. [PMID: 36174090 PMCID: PMC9521927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar plays a vital role in the structural and functional characteristics of cells. Hence, the interaction of NPs with cell membranes in the presence of sugar concentrations is important for medicinal and pharmacological innovations. This study integrated three tools: giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), and sugar concentrations, to understand a simplified mechanism for interactions between the vesicle membranes and NPs under various sugar concentrations. We focused on changing the sugar concentration in aqueous solution; more precisely, sucrose inside the GUVs and glucose outside with equal osmolarity. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DOPG) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) were used to prepare the charged membranes of 40mole%DOPG/60mole%DOPC-GUVs, whereas only DOPC was used to prepare the neutral membranes. Phase contrast fluorescence microscopy shows that the adherence of 18 nm magnetite NPs with anionic charge depends on the sugar concentration. The alterations of GUVs induced by the NPs are characterized in terms of i) vesicle compactness, ii) deformation, and iii) membrane poration. The presence of sugar provides additional structural stability to the GUVs and reduces the effects of the NPs with respect to these parameters; more precisely, the higher the sugar concentration, the smaller the alteration induced by the NPs. The differences in NPs effects are explained by the change in the type of interaction between sugar molecules and lipid membranes, namely enthalpy and entropy-driven interaction, respectively. In addition, such alterations are influenced by the surface charge density of the lipid bilayer. The surface pressure of membranes due to the adsorption of NPs is responsible for inducing the poration in membranes. The differences in deformation and poration in charged and neutral GUVs under various sugar concentrations are discussed based on the structure of the head of lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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15
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Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091814. [PMID: 36139888 PMCID: PMC9495992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Road-deposited dust (RD) is a pervasive form of particulate pollution identified (typically via epidemiological or mathematical modelling) as hazardous to human health. Finer RD particle sizes, the most abundant (by number, not mass), may pose greater risk as they can access all major organs. Here, the first in vitro exposure of human lung epithelial (Calu-3) cells to 0−300 µg/mL of the ultrafine (<220 nm) fraction of road dust (UF-RDPs) from three contrasting cities (Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, and Mexico City, Mexico) resulted in differential oxidative, cytotoxic, and inflammatory responses. Except for Cd, Na, and Pb, analysed metals were most abundant in Mexico City UF-RDPs, which were most cytotoxic. Birmingham UF-RDPs provoked greatest ROS release (only at 300 µg/mL) and greatest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Lancaster UF-RDPs increased cell viability. All three UF-RDP samples stimulated ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Mass-based PM limits seem inappropriate given the location-specific PM compositions and health impacts evidenced here. A combination of new, biologically relevant metrics and localised regulations appears critical to mitigating the global pandemic of health impacts of particulate air pollution and road-deposited dust.
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16
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Pal A, Cerchiaro G, Rani I, Ventriglia M, Rongioletti M, Longobardi A, Squitti R. Iron in Alzheimer's Disease: From Physiology to Disease Disabilities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1248. [PMID: 36139084 PMCID: PMC9496246 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the neurodegeneration processes. Increased oxidative stress damages lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in brain tissue, and it is tied to the loss of biometal homeostasis. For this reason, attention has been focused on transition metals involved in several biochemical reactions producing ROS. Even though a bulk of evidence has uncovered the role of metals in the generation of the toxic pathways at the base of Alzheimer's disease (AD), this matter has been sidelined by the advent of the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis. However, the link between metals and AD has been investigated in the last two decades, focusing on their local accumulation in brain areas known to be critical for AD. Recent evidence revealed a relation between iron and AD, particularly in relation to its capacity to increase the risk of the disease through ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly summarize the major points characterizing the function of iron in our body and highlight why, even though it is essential for our life, we have to monitor its dysfunction, particularly if we want to control our risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani 741245, West Bengal, India
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bl.B, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University (MMU), Mullana, Ambala 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
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17
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Reich N, Hölscher C. The neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: An in-depth review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:970925. [PMID: 36117625 PMCID: PMC9475012 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.970925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting antibody aducanumab for the treatment of AD. Hence, there is still an unmet need for a neuroprotective drug treatment in both AD and PD. Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for both AD and PD. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone and growth factor that has shown neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies, and the success of GLP-1 mimetics in phase II clinical trials in AD and PD has raised new hope. GLP-1 mimetics are currently on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 analogs are safe, well tolerated, resistant to desensitization and well characterized in the clinic. Herein, we review the existing evidence and illustrate the neuroprotective pathways that are induced following GLP-1R activation in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The latter include synaptic protection, improvements in cognition, learning and motor function, amyloid pathology-ameliorating properties (Aβ, Tau, and α-synuclein), the suppression of Ca2+ deregulation and ER stress, potent anti-inflammatory effects, the blockage of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis pathways, enhancements in the neuronal insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, functional improvements in autophagy and mitophagy, elevated BDNF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) synthesis as well as neurogenesis. The many beneficial features of GLP-1R and GLP-1/GIPR dual agonists encourage the development of novel drug treatments for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Niklas Reich,
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Neurology Department, Second Associated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Pan R, Luo S, Huang Q, Li W, Cai T, Lai K, Shi X. The Associations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Ferritin with Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1115-1125. [PMID: 35754266 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested that iron accumulation plays an important role in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the potential mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the associations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin, an indicator for brain iron load, with neurodegenerative and inflammatory changes in AD. METHODS The study involved 302 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). They were classified as normal controls (A-T-N-, n = 48), AD continuum (A+TN-, n = 46; A+TN+, n = 166), and suspected non-AD pathology (A-TN+, n = 42), according to the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) system. Group comparisons of CSF ferritin among groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. Linear regression models were used to test the relationships between CSF ferritin and cognitive assessments, and the associations between CSF ferritin and other biomarkers, respectively. RESULTS We found that CSF ferritin showed significant differences among the ATN groups, with higher concentration in more advanced categories (A+TN+). Furthermore, CSF ferritin level was independently related to cognitive performance (MMSE, ADAS-Cog13, and ADNI-mem). Linear regression analysis indicated positive relationships between CSF ferritin and phosphorylated tau and total tau, rather than Aβ42. Significant associations were revealed between CSF ferritin and inflammatory proteins, including TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, ICAM1, VCAM1, TGF-β1, IL-9, and IP-10, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results provide new insight into iron dysfunction in AD pathology and highlight elevated brain iron as a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation along AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- School of Nursing, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Foreign Languages, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Cai
- School of Medicine and Medical Laboratory Science, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kelin Lai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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19
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Ripley S, Minet L, Zalzal J, Godri Pollitt K, Gao D, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Maher BA, Hatzopoulou M, Weichenthal S. Predicting Spatial Variations in Multiple Measures of PM 2.5 Oxidative Potential and Magnetite Nanoparticles in Toronto and Montreal, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7256-7265. [PMID: 34965092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest to move beyond fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5) when evaluating the population health impacts of outdoor air pollution. However, few exposure models are currently available to support such analyses. In this study, we conducted large-scale monitoring campaigns across Montreal and Toronto, Canada during summer 2018 and winter 2019 and developed models to predict spatial variations in (1) the ability of PM2.5 to generate reactive oxygen species in the lung fluid (ROS), (2) PM2.5 oxidative potential based on the depletion of ascorbate (OPAA) and glutathione (OPGSH) in a cell-free assay, and (3) anhysteretic magnetic remanence (XARM) as an indicator of magnetite nanoparticles. We also examined how exposure to PM oxidative capacity metrics (ROS/OP) varied by socioeconomic status within each city. In Montreal, areas with higher material deprivation, indicating lower area-level average household income and employment, were exposed to PM2.5 characterized by higher ROS and OP. This relationship was not observed in Toronto. The developed models will be used in epidemiologic studies to assess the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 and iron-rich magnetic nanoparticles in Toronto and Montreal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Ripley
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
| | - Laura Minet
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Jad Zalzal
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Krystal Godri Pollitt
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Dong Gao
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K., LA1 4YW
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
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20
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Cerebral Iron Deposition in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050714. [PMID: 35625641 PMCID: PMC9138489 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cerebral iron regulation appears to have a role in aging and in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Possible unfavorable impacts of iron accumulation include reactive oxygen species generation, induction of ferroptosis, and acceleration of inflammatory changes. Whole-brain iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques allow the examination of macroscopic patterns of brain iron deposits in vivo, while modern analytical methods ex vivo enable the determination of metal-specific content inside individual cell-types, sometimes also within specific cellular compartments. The present review summarizes the whole brain, cellular, and subcellular patterns of iron accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases of genetic and sporadic origin. We also provide an update on mechanisms, biomarkers, and effects of brain iron accumulation in these disorders, focusing on recent publications. In Parkinson’s disease, Friedreich’s disease, and several disorders within the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation group, there is a focal siderosis, typically in regions with the most pronounced neuropathological changes. The second group of disorders including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shows iron accumulation in the globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen, and in specific cortical regions. Yet, other disorders such as aceruloplasminemia, neuroferritinopathy, or Wilson disease manifest with diffuse iron accumulation in the deep gray matter in a pattern comparable to or even more extensive than that observed during normal aging. On the microscopic level, brain iron deposits are present mostly in dystrophic microglia variably accompanied by iron-laden macrophages and in astrocytes, implicating a role of inflammatory changes and blood–brain barrier disturbance in iron accumulation. Options and potential benefits of iron reducing strategies in neurodegeneration are discussed. Future research investigating whether genetic predispositions play a role in brain Fe accumulation is necessary. If confirmed, the prevention of further brain Fe uptake in individuals at risk may be key for preventing neurodegenerative disorders.
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21
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Huang R, Yuan W, Wang T, Cao W, Wang Y, Lin C, Yang L, Guo J, Ni H, Wu F. Chemical signature and fractionation of trace elements in fine particles from anthropogenic and natural sources. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:365-375. [PMID: 35459499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of trace metal elements in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are widely recognized, however, the emission factor profiles and chemical fractionation of metal elements in different sources were poorly understand. In this study, sixteen metal elements, including Cd, Pb, V, Zn, Ba, Sb, As, Fe, Sr, Cr, Rb, Co, Mn, Cu, Ni and Sn from biomass burning, bituminite and anthracite combustion, as well as dust, were quantified. The results show different emission sources were associated with distinct emission profiles, holding important implications for source apportionment of ambient particulate metals. Specifically, Fe was the dominant metal species (28-1922 mg/kg) for all samples, and was followed by different metals for different samples. For dust, Mn (39.9 mg/kgdust) had the second-highest emission factor, while for biomass burning, it was Cr and Ba (7.5 and 7.4 mg/kgbiomass, respectively). For bituminous coal combustion, the emission factor of Zn and Ba was 6.2 and 6.0 mg/kgbituminous, respectively, while for anthracite combustion the corresponding emission factor was 5.6 and 4.3 mg/kganthracite, respectively. Moreover, chemical fractionation (i.e., the exchangeable, reducible fraction, oxidizable, and residual fraction) and the bioavailability index (BI) values of the metal elements from different sources were further investigated to reveal the link between different emission sources and the potential health risk. The findings from this study hold important implications for source apportionment and source-specific particulate metal-associated health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenjuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chunshui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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22
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The (Bio)Chemistry of Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061784. [PMID: 35335148 PMCID: PMC8951307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy individuals, virtually all blood plasma iron is bound by transferrin. However, in several diseases and clinical conditions, hazardous non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) species occur. NTBI represents a potentially toxic iron form, being a direct cause of oxidative stress in the circulating compartment and tissue iron loading. The accumulation of these species can cause cellular damage in several organs, namely, the liver, spleen, and heart. Despite its pathophysiological relevance, the chemical nature of NTBI remains elusive. This has precluded its use as a clinical biochemical marker and the development of targeted therapies. Herein, we make a critical assessment of the current knowledge of NTBI speciation. The currently accepted hypotheses suggest that NTBI is mostly iron bound to citric acid and iron bound to serum albumin, but the chemistry of this system remains fuzzy. We explore the complex chemistry of iron complexation by citric acid and its implications towards NTBI reactivity. Further, the ability of albumin to bind iron is revised and the role of protein post-translational modifications on iron binding is discussed. The characterization of the NTBI species structure may be the starting point for the development of a standardized analytical assay, the better understanding of these species’ reactivity or the identification of NTBI uptake mechanisms by different cell types, and finally, to the development of new therapies.
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23
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Cognitive and Physical Intervention in Metals’ Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030345. [PMID: 35326301 PMCID: PMC8946530 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals—especially iron, copper and manganese—are important elements of brain functions and development. Metal-dysregulation homeostasis is associated with brain-structure damage to the motor, cognitive and emotional systems, and leads to neurodegenerative processes. There is more and more evidence that specialized cognitive and motor exercises can enhance brain function and attenuate neurodegeneration in mechanisms, such as improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in many brain regions. Psychological and physical methods of rehabilitation are now becoming increasingly important, as pharmacological treatments for movement, cognitive and emotional symptoms are limited. The present study describes physical and cognitive rehabilitation methods of patients associated with metal-induced neurotoxicity such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and Wilson’s disease. In our review, we describe physical (e.g., virtual-reality environments, robotic-assists training) and psychological (cognitive training, cognitive stimulation, neuropsychological rehabilitation and cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies) methods, significantly improving the quality of life and independence of patients associated with storage diseases. Storage diseases are a diverse group of hereditary metabolic defects characterized by the abnormal cumulation of storage material in cells. This topic is being addressed due to the fact that rehabilitation plays a vital role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately so far there are no specific guidelines concerning physiotherapy in neurodegenerative disorders, especially in regards to duration of exercise, type of exercise and intensity, as well as frequency of exercise. This is in part due to the variety of symptoms of these diseases and the various levels of disease progression. This further proves the need for more research to be carried out on the role of exercise in neurodegenerative disorder treatment.
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24
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Xiao Y, Gong X, Deng R, Liu W, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang J, Bao J, Shu X. Iron Chelation Remits Memory Deficits Caused by the High-Fat Diet in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1959-1971. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a worldwide health problem that has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by two pathologies, including extracellular senior plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau. According to current research, a high-fat diet (HFD) could exacerbate Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and cognitive defects in AD mice. However, the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD is far more unclear. Objective: To explore the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods: Open Field, Barns Maze, Elevated zero-maze, Contextual fear condition, Tail suspension test, western blotting, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C Labeling, Perls’ Prussian blue staining, and ELISA were used. Results: HFD caused nonheme iron overload in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. Furthermore, the administration of M30 (0.5 mg/kg) for iron chelation once every 2 days per os (p.o.) for 1 month remitted memory deficits caused by HFD in APP/PS1 mice. Notably, a variety of hematological parameters in whole blood had no difference after iron chelation. In addition, iron chelation effectively reduced synaptic impairment in hippocampus and neuronal degeneration in cortex in the HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, iron chelation decreased Aβ 1–40 and Aβ 1–42 level as well as neuroinflammation in HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: These data enhance our understanding of how HFD aggravates AD pathology and cognitive impairments and might shed light on future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xiao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokang Gong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ronghua Deng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youhua Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianzhi Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Majerníková N, den Dunnen WFA, Dolga AM. The Potential of Ferroptosis-Targeting Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: From Mechanism to Transcriptomic Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:745046. [PMID: 34987375 PMCID: PMC8721139 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.745046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, currently affects 40–50 million people worldwide. Despite the extensive research into amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation (p-tau), an effective treatment to stop or slow down the progression of neurodegeneration is missing. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation-driven type of programmed cell death, contributes to neurodegeneration in AD. Therefore, how to intervene against ferroptosis in the context of AD has become one of the questions addressed by studies aiming to develop novel therapeutic strategies. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in AD, when ferroptosis occurs in the disease course, and which ferroptosis-related genes are differentially expressed in AD remains to be established. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell mechanisms involved in ferroptosis, we discuss how these processes relate to AD, and we analyze which ferroptosis-related genes are differentially expressed in AD brain dependant on cell type, disease progression and gender. In addition, we point out the existing targets for therapeutic options to prevent ferroptosis in AD. Future studies should focus on developing new tools able to demonstrate where and when cells undergo ferroptosis in AD brain and build more translatable AD models for identifying anti-ferroptotic agents able to slow down neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nad'a Majerníková
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Research Institute Brain and Cognition, Molecular Neuroscience and Aging Research (MOLAR), University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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26
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Ingo GM, Riccucci C, Pisani G, Pascucci M, D'Ercole D, Guerriero E, Boccaccini F, Falso G, Zambonini G, Paolini V, Di Carlo G. The vehicle braking systems as main source of inhalable airborne magnetite particles in trafficked areas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106991. [PMID: 34991252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nano-particles (MNPs) have been found in human tissues and causally linked to serious illnesses. The possible negative role of MNPs has been not still fully ascertained even though MNPs might cause health effects due to their magnetic property, redox activity and surface charge. The origin of MNPs in human tissues still remains to be unambiguously identified since biological processes, natural phenomena and anthropogenic production have been proposed. According to this latter increasingly convincing hypothesis, anthropogenic MNPs might enter mainly in the human body via inhalation, penetrate deeply into the lungs and in the alveoli and also migrate into the blood circulation and gather in the extrapulmonary organs and central nervous system. In order to identify the releasing source of the potentially inhalable MNPs, we pioneered an innovative approach to rapidly investigate elemental profile and morphology of a large number of airborne micron and sub-micron-sized Fe-bearing particles (FePs). The study was performed by collecting a large amount of micron and sub-micron sized inhalable airborne FePs in trafficked and densely frequented areas of Rome (Italy). Then, we have investigated individually the elemental profile and morphology of the collected particles by means of high-spatial resolution scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and an automated software purposely developed for the metal-bearing particles analysis. On the basis of specific elemental tracing features, the investigation reveals that almost the total amount of the airborne FePs is released by the vehicle braking systems mainly in the form of magnetite. Furthermore, we point out that our approach might be more generally used to identify the releasing sources of different inorganic airborne particles and to contribute to establish more accurately the impact of specific natural or anthropogenic particles on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Ingo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Riccucci
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pisani
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Pascucci
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele D'Ercole
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Guerriero
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Boccaccini
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; University of Rome "Sapienza", p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Falso
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zambonini
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Paolini
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Carlo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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27
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Han J, Fan Y, Wu P, Huang Z, Li X, Zhao L, Ji Y, Zhu M. Parkinson's Disease Dementia: Synergistic Effects of Alpha-Synuclein, Tau, Beta-Amyloid, and Iron. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:743754. [PMID: 34707492 PMCID: PMC8542689 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.743754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) is a common complication of Parkinson’s disease that seriously affects patients’ health and quality of life. At present, the process and pathological mechanisms of PDD remain controversial, which hinders the development of treatments. An increasing number of clinical studies have shown that alpha-synuclein (α-syn), tau, beta-amyloid (Aβ), and iron are closely associated with PDD severity. Thus, we inferred the vicious cycle that causes oxidative stress (OS), due to the synergistic effects of α-syn, tau, Aβ, and, iron, and which plays a pivotal role in the mechanism underlying PDD. First, iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can lead to neuronal protein accumulation (e.g., α-syn andAβ) and cytotoxicity. In addition, regulation of post-translational modification of α-syn by iron affects the aggregation or oligomer formation of α-syn. Iron promotes tau aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation. High levels of iron, α-syn, Aβ, tau, and NFTs can cause severe OS and neuroinflammation, which lead to cell death. Then, the increasing formation of α-syn, Aβ, and NFTs further increase iron levels, which promotes the spread of α-syn and Aβ in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Finally, iron-induced neurotoxicity promotes the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) related pathways in the synaptic terminals, which in turn play an important role in the pathological synergistic effects of α-syn, tau and Aβ. Thus, as the central factor regulating this vicious cycle, GSK3β is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PDD; this is worthy of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Han
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yichun Ji
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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28
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Seo SJ, Chang WS, Jeon JG, Choi Y, Kim E, Kim JK. Proton Stimulation Targeting Plaque Magnetite Reduces Amyloid-β Plaque and Iron Redox Toxicity and Improves Memory in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:377-392. [PMID: 34569962 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of magnetite within protein aggregates in the brain is a typical pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques induces critical impairment of cognitive function. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of proton stimulation (PS) targeting plaque magnetite in the transgenic AD mouse brain. METHODS A proton transmission beam was applied to the whole mouse brain at a single entrance dose of 2 or 4 Gy to test the effect of disruption of magnetite-containing Aβ plaques by electron emission from magnetite. The reduction in Aβ plaque burden and the cognitive function of the PS-treated mouse group were assayed by histochemical analysis and memory tests, respectively. Aβ-magnetite and Aβ fibrils were treated with PS to investigate the breakdown of the amyloid protein matrix. RESULTS Single PS induced a 48-87%reduction in both the amyloid plaque burden and ferrous-containing magnetite level in the early-onset AD mouse brain while saving normal tissue. The overall Aβ plaque burden (68-82%) and (94-97%) hippocampal magnetite levels were reduced in late onset AD mice that showed improvements in cognitive function after PS compared with untreated AD mice (p < 0.001). Analysis of amyloid fibrils after exposure to a single 2 or 4 Gy proton transmission beam demonstrated that the protein matrix was broken down only in magnetite-associated Aβ fibrils. CONCLUSION Single PS targeting plaque magnetite effectively decreases the amyloid plaque burden and the ferrous-containing magnetite level, and this effect is useful for memory recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Geun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Younshick Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - EunHo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
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29
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Hanif S, Muhammad P, Niu Z, Ismail M, Morsch M, Zhang X, Li M, Shi B. Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Early Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Disorders. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Hanif
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Zheng Niu
- Province's Key Lab of Brain Targeted Bionanomedicine School of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health & Human Sciences Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia
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30
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Attademo L, Bernardini F. Air Pollution as Risk Factor for Mental Disorders: In Search for a Possible Link with Alzheimer's Disease and Schizophrenia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:825-830. [PMID: 32568207 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As a global problem that has increasingly been causing worldwide concern, air pollution poses a significant and serious environmental risk to health. Risks of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as various types of cancer, have been consistently associated with the exposure to air pollutants. More recently, various studies have also shown that the central nervous system is also attacked by air pollution. Air pollution appears to be strongly associated with a higher risk of cognitive defects, neurodevelopmental (e.g., schizophrenia) and neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) disorders. Subjects with schizophrenia, as well as subjects with Alzheimer's disease, experience a variety of neuropsychological deficits and cognitive impairments. This determines an adverse effect on social and professional functioning, and it contributes to the long-term disease burden. However, no final conclusions have been drawn on the matter of the direct relationship between schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, the topic of urbanicity and mental health has become increasingly important. Urban exposure to environmental toxins and pollution is currently described as a reliable risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychoses, and it has been demonstrated more and more how exposure to air pollutants is associated with increased risk of dementia. Pathways by which air pollution can target and damage the brain, leading to an increased risk for developing schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, are multiple and complex. Results from epidemiological studies suggest potential associations, but are still insufficient to confirm causality. Further studies are needed in order to verify this hypothesis. And if confirmed, the clinical implications could be of substantial relevance for both public and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Attademo
- Department of Mental Health, ASP Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.,Planetary Health Lab, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francesco Bernardini
- Planetary Health Lab, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Mental Health, ASFO Friuli Occidentale, Pordenone, Italy
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31
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Maher BA, Gonet T. Prolific shedding of magnetite nanoparticles from banknote surfaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144490. [PMID: 33454475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we use magnetic methods first to quantify the content of strongly magnetic particles of banknotes (US dollars, USD, and British pounds sterling, GBP), and then examine the possibility of their release from handled banknote surfaces. The content of magnetic particles, from magnetic remanence measurements, for the USD and paper GBP banknotes is high; greater, for example, than that in vehicle engine-exhaust emissions, and similar to that for airborne roadside particulate matter (PM). Our magnetic analyses of USD and GBP banknotes, and of the ink pigment widely used in their printing, reveal not only that the banknotes are highly magnetic, but also that strongly magnetic, nano-sized particles are readily and prolifically shed from their surfaces (especially from the USD banknotes). A common practice, prior to increased automation, was for bank tellers to count banknotes by licking a finger to adhere to each successive counted note, and thus speed up the manual counting process. Given the rate of particle shedding reported here, this traditional manual counting procedure must have resulted in prolific transfer of iron-rich nanoparticles both to the fingers and thence to the tongue. We hypothesise that, pre-automation, magnetite and other metal-bearing nanoparticles were repetitively and frequently ingested by bank tellers, and subsequently entered the brain directly via the taste nerve pathway, and/or indirectly via the systemic circulation and the neuroenteric system. This hypothesis may plausibly account for the reported and currently unexplained association between elevated neurodegeneration-related mortality odds ratios and this specific occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Gonet
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
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32
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Variation in the concentration and regional distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in human brains, with and without Alzheimer's disease, from the UK. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9363. [PMID: 33931662 PMCID: PMC8087805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the human brain was attributed until recently to endogenous formation; associated with a putative navigational sense, or with pathological mishandling of brain iron within senile plaques. Conversely, an exogenous, high-temperature source of brain MNPs has been newly identified, based on their variable sizes/concentrations, rounded shapes/surface crystallites, and co-association with non-physiological metals (e.g., platinum, cobalt). Here, we examined the concentration and regional distribution of brain magnetite/maghemite, by magnetic remanence measurements of 147 samples of fresh/frozen tissues, from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and pathologically-unremarkable brains (80-98 years at death) from the Manchester Brain Bank (MBB), UK. The magnetite/maghemite concentrations varied between individual cases, and different brain regions, with no significant difference between the AD and non-AD cases. Similarly, all the elderly MBB brains contain varying concentrations of non-physiological metals (e.g. lead, cerium), suggesting universal incursion of environmentally-sourced particles, likely across the geriatric blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cerebellar Manchester samples contained significantly lower (~ 9×) ferrimagnetic content compared with those from a young (29 years ave.), neurologically-damaged Mexico City cohort. Investigation of younger, variably-exposed cohorts, prior to loss of BBB integrity, seems essential to understand early brain impacts of exposure to exogenous magnetite/maghemite and other metal-rich pollution particles.
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33
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Zeng Y, DiGiacomo PS, Madsen SJ, Zeineh MM, Sinclair R. Exploring valence states of abnormal mineral deposits in biological tissues using correlative microscopy and spectroscopy techniques: A case study on ferritin and iron deposits from Alzheimer's disease patients. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 231:113254. [PMID: 33781589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of inorganic trace elements in a human brain, such as iron, zinc and aluminum, oftentimes manifested as deposits and accompanied by a chemical valence change, is pathologically relevant to various neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, Fe2+ has been hypothesized to produce free radicals that induce oxidative damage and eventually cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, traditional biomedical techniques, e.g. histology staining, are limited in studying the chemical composition and valence states of these inorganic deposits. We apply commonly used physical (phys-) science methods such as X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), focused-ion beam (FIB) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology and optical microscopy (OM) to study the valence states of iron deposits in AD patients. Ferrous ions are found in all deposits in brain tissues from three AD patients, constituting 0.22-0.50 of the whole iron content in each specimen. Such phys-techniques are rarely used in medical science and have great potential to provide unique insight into biomedical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Philip S DiGiacomo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven J Madsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael M Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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34
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Everett J, Brooks J, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Nanoscale chemical speciation of β-amyloid/iron aggregates using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy shows the co-incubation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and iron(iii) to result in aggregate structures displaying nanoscale heterogeneity in Aβ and iron chemistry, including the formation of potentially cytotoxic Fe0.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Thornburrow Drive
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering
- Library Road
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | | | - Neil D. Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Thornburrow Drive
- Keele University
- Staffordshire
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35
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Lakey-Beitia J, Burillo AM, Penna GL, Hegde ML, Rao K. Polyphenols as Potential Metal Chelation Compounds Against Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S335-S357. [PMID: 32568200 PMCID: PMC7809605 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. The pathology of this multifactorial disease is primarily characterized by the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates; however, other etiological factors including metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), play critical role in disease progression. Because these transition metal ions are important for cellular function, their imbalance can cause oxidative stress that leads to cellular death and eventual cognitive decay. Importantly, these transition metal ions can interact with the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and Aβ42 peptide, affecting Aβ aggregation and increasing its neurotoxicity. Considering how metal dyshomeostasis may substantially contribute to AD, this review discusses polyphenols and the underlying chemical principles that may enable them to act as natural chelators. Furthermore, polyphenols have various therapeutic effects, including antioxidant activity, metal chelation, mitochondrial function, and anti-amyloidogenic activity. These combined therapeutic effects of polyphenols make them strong candidates for a moderate chelation-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Andrea M. Burillo
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Giovanni La Penna
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K.S. Rao
- Centre for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
- Zhongke Jianlan Medical Institute, Hangzhou, Republic of China
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36
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Maher BA, O'Sullivan V, Feeney J, Gonet T, Anne Kenny R. Indoor particulate air pollution from open fires and the cognitive function of older people. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110298. [PMID: 33039528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollution is known to affect respiratory and cardiovascular health, but little is known about its effects on cognitive function. We measured the concentrations and magnetite content of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the indoor environment arising from burning peat, wood or coal in residential open fires. Highest indoor PM2.5 concentrations (60 μg/m3 i.e. 2.4 times the WHO-recommended 24-h mean) occurred when peat was burned, followed by burning of coal (30 μg/m3) and wood (17 μg/m3). Conversely, highest concentrations of coarser PM (PM10-2.5) were associated with coal burning (20 μg/m3), with lower concentrations emitted during burning of wood (10 μg/m3) and peat (8 μg/m3). The magnetic content of the emitted PM, greatest (for both PM size fractions) when coal was burned, is similar to that of roadside airborne PM. Exposure to PM, and to strongly magnetic airborne PM, can be greater for individuals spending ~5 h/day indoors with a coal-burning open fire for 6 months/year compared to those commuting via heavily-trafficked roads for 1 h/day for 12 months/year. Given these high indoor PM and magnetite concentrations, and the reported associations between (outdoor) PM and impaired neurological health, we used individual-level data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to examine the association between the usage of open fires and the cognitive function of older people. Using a sample of nearly seven thousand older people, we estimated multi-variate models of the association between cognitive function and open fire usage, in order to account for relevant confounders such as socio-economic status. We found a negative association between open fire usage and cognitive function as measured by widely-used cognitive tests such as word recall and verbal fluency tests. The negative association was largest and statistically strongest among women, a finding explained by the greater exposure of women to open fires in the home because they spent more time at home than men. Our findings were also robust to stratifying the sample between old and young, rich and poor, and urban and rural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Maher
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Farrer Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Vincent O'Sullivan
- Department of Economics, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University, LA1 4YX, UK.
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tomasz Gonet
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Farrer Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Madsen SJ, DiGiacomo PS, Zeng Y, Goubran M, Chen Y, Rutt BK, Born D, Vogel H, Sinclair R, Zeineh MM. Correlative Microscopy to Localize and Characterize Iron Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:525-536. [PMID: 33532700 PMCID: PMC7835989 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that the accumulation of iron, specifically ferrous Fe2+, may play a role in the development and progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through the production of oxidative stress. Objective: To localize and characterize iron deposition and oxidation state in AD, we analyzed human hippocampal autopsy samples from four subjects with advanced AD that have been previously characterized with correlative MRI-histology. Methods: We perform scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the higher resolution transmission electron microscope on the surface and cross-sections of specific iron-rich regions of interest. Results: Specific previously analyzed regions were visualized using SEM and confirmed to be iron-rich deposits using EDS. Subsequent analysis using focused ion beam cross-sectioning and SEM characterized the iron deposition throughout the 3-D volumes, confirming the presence of iron throughout the deposits, and in two out of four specimens demonstrating colocalization with zinc. Analysis of traditional histology slides showed the analyzed deposits overlapped both with amyloid and tau deposition. Following higher resolution analysis of a single iron deposit using scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), we demonstrated the potential of monochromated STEM-EELS to discern the relative oxidation state of iron within a deposit. Conclusion: These findings suggest that iron is present in the AD hippocampus and can be visualized and characterized using combined MRI and EM techniques. An altered relative oxidation state may suggest a direct link between iron and oxidative stress in AD. These methods thus could potentially measure an altered relative oxidation state that could suggest a direct link between iron and oxidative stress in AD. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the ability to analyze metal deposition alongside commonly used histological markers of AD pathology, paving the way for future insights into the molecular interactions between Aβ, tau, iron, and other putative metals, such as zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Madsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donald Born
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Rönkkö T, Timonen H. Overview of Sources and Characteristics of Nanoparticles in Urban Traffic-Influenced Areas. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:15-28. [PMID: 31561356 PMCID: PMC6839465 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric nanoparticles can be formed either via nucleation in atmosphere or be directly emitted to the atmosphere. In urban areas, several combustion sources (engines, biomass burning, power generation plants) are directly emitting nanoparticles to the atmosphere and, in addition, the gaseous emissions from the same sources can participate to atmospheric nanoparticle formation. This article focuses on the sources and formation of nanoparticles in traffic-influenced environments and reviews current knowledge on composition and characteristics of these nanoparticles. In general, elevated number concentrations of nanoparticles are very typically observed in traffic-influenced environments. Traffic related nanoparticles can originate from combustion process or from non-exhaust related sources such as brake wear. Particles originating from combustion process can be divided to three different sources; 1) primary nanoparticles formed in high temperature, 2) delayed primary particles formed as gaseous compounds nucleate during the cooling and dilution process and 3) secondary nanoparticles formed from gaseous precursors via the atmospheric photochemistry. The nanoparticles observed in roadside environment are a complex mixture of particles from several sources affected by atmospheric processing, local co-pollutants and meteorology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topi Rönkkö
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hilkka Timonen
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Foster CM, Kennedy KM, Daugherty AM, Rodrigue KM. Contribution of iron and Aβ to age differences in entorhinal and hippocampal subfield volume. Neurology 2020; 95:e2586-e2594. [PMID: 32938781 PMCID: PMC7682827 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the combination of elevated global β-AMYLOID (Aβ) burden and greater striatal iron content would be associated with smaller entorhinal cortex (ERC) volume, but not hippocampal subfield volumes, we measured volume and iron content using high-resolution MRI and Aβ using PET imaging in a cross-sectional sample of 70 cognitively normal older adults. METHODS Participants were scanned with florbetapir 18F PET to obtain Aβ standardized uptake value ratios. Susceptibility-weighted MRI was collected and processed to yield R2* images, and striatal regions of interest (ROIs) were manually placed to obtain a measure of striatal iron burden. Ultra-high resolution T2/PD-weighted MRIs were segmented to measure medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes. Analyses were conducted using mixed-effects models with MTL ROI as a within-participant factor; age, iron content, and Aβ as between-participant factors; and MTL volumes (ERC and 3 hippocampal subfield regions) as the dependent variable. RESULTS The model indicated a significant 4-way interaction among age, iron, Aβ, and MTL region. Post hoc analyses indicated that the 3-way interaction among age, Aβ, and iron content was selective to the ERC (β = -3.34, standard error = 1.33, 95% confidence interval -5.95 to -0.72), whereas a significant negative association between age and ERC volume was present only in individuals with both elevated iron content and Aβ. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of studying Aβ in the context of other, potentially synergistic age-related brain factors such as iron accumulation and the potential role for iron as an important contributor to the earliest, preclinical stages of pathologic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Foster
- From the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences (C.M.F., K.M.K., K.M.R.), Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychology (A.M.D.) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- From the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences (C.M.F., K.M.K., K.M.R.), Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychology (A.M.D.) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- From the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences (C.M.F., K.M.K., K.M.R.), Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychology (A.M.D.) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- From the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences (C.M.F., K.M.K., K.M.R.), Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas; and Department of Psychology (A.M.D.) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
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Ayton S, Wang Y, Diouf I, Schneider JA, Brockman J, Morris MC, Bush AI. Brain iron is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer pathology. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2932-2941. [PMID: 30778133 PMCID: PMC6698435 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cortical iron has been shown to be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the impact of the directly measured iron on the clinical syndrome has not been assessed. We investigated the association between post-mortem iron levels with the clinical and pathological diagnosis of AD, its severity, and the rate of cognitive decline in the 12 years prior to death in subjects from the Memory and Aging Project (n = 209). Iron was elevated (β [SE] = 9.7 [2.6]; P = 3.0 × 10-4) in the inferior temporal cortex only in subjects who were diagnosed with clinical AD during life and had a diagnosis of AD confirmed post-mortem by standardized criteria. Although iron was weakly associated with the extent of proteinopathy in tissue with AD neuropathology, it was strongly associated with the rate of cognitive decline (e.g., global cognition: β [SE] = -0.040 [0.005], P = 1.6 × 10-14). Thus, cortical iron might act to propel cognitive deterioration upon the underlying proteinopathy of AD, possibly by inducing oxidative stress or ferroptotic cell death, or may be related to an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yamin Wang
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Ibrahima Diouf
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - John Brockman
- Missouri University Research Reactor, Columbia (Brockman), USA
| | - Martha Clare Morris
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Correspondence may be addressed to: Ashley I. Bush, Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne. 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,
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Haleem A, Javaid M, Khan IH. Holography applications toward medical field: An overview. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020; 30:354-361. [PMID: 33273770 PMCID: PMC7694722 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_39_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: 3D Holography is a commercially available, disruptive innovation, which can be customised as per the requirements and is supporting Industry 4.0. The purpose of this paper is to study the potential applications of 3D holography in the medical field. This paper explores the concept of holography and its significant benefits in the medical field. Methods: The paper is derived through the study of various research papers on Holography and its applications in the medical field. The study tries to identify the direction of research &development and see how this innovative technology can be used effectively for better treatment of patients. Results: Holography uses digital imaging inputs and provides an extensive visualisation of the data for training doctors, surgeons and students. Holography converts information about the body into a digital format and has the potential to inform, promote and entertain the medical students and doctors. However, it needs a large amount of space for data storage and extensive software support for analysis and skills for customising. This technology seems good to solve a variety of medical issues by storing and using patient data in developing 3D holograms, which are useful to assist successful treatment and surgery. It seems useful in providing flexible solutions in the area of medical research. Finally, the paper identifies 13 significant applications of this technology in the medical field and discusses them appropriately. Conclusion: The paper explores holographic applications in medical research due to its extensive capability of image processing. Holographic images are non-contact 3D images having a large field of depth. A physician can now zoom the holographic image for a better view of the medical part. This innovative technology can create advancements in the diagnosis and treatment process, which can improve medical practice. It helps in quick detection of problems in various organs like brain, heart, liver, kidney etc. By using this technology, medical practitioners can see colourful organs at multiple angles with better accuracy. It opens up an innovative way of planning, testing of procedures and diagnosis. With technological developments, compact hardware and software are now available to help medical research and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Haleem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Javaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ibrahim Haleem Khan
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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van der Weerd L, Lefering A, Webb A, Egli R, Bossoni L. Effects of Alzheimer's disease and formalin fixation on the different mineralised-iron forms in the human brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16440. [PMID: 33020534 PMCID: PMC7536241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation in the brain is a phenomenon common to many neurodegenerative diseases, perhaps most notably Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We present here magnetic analyses of post-mortem brain tissue of patients who had severe Alzheimer’s disease, and compare the results with those from healthy controls. Isothermal remanent magnetization experiments were performed to assess the extent to which different magnetic carriers are affected by AD pathology and formalin fixation. While Alzheimer’s brain material did not show higher levels of magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles than corresponding controls, the ferrihydrite mineral, known to be found within the core of ferritin proteins and hemosiderin aggregates, almost doubled in concentration in patients with Alzheimer’s pathology, strengthening the conclusions of our previous studies. As part of this study, we also investigated the effects of sample preparation, by performing experiments on frozen tissue as well as tissue which had been fixed in formalin for a period of 5 months. Our results showed that the two different preparations did not critically affect the concentration of magnetic carriers in brain tissue, as observable by SQUID magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Lefering
- Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Egli
- Central Institute for Meteorology and Geo-dynamics (ZAMG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Bossoni
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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D’Mello SR, Kindy MC. Overdosing on iron: Elevated iron and degenerative brain disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1444-1473. [PMID: 32878460 PMCID: PMC7553095 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain degenerative disorders, which include some neurodevelopmental disorders and age-associated diseases, cause debilitating neurological deficits and are generally fatal. A large body of emerging evidence indicates that iron accumulation in neurons within specific regions of the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many of these disorders. Iron homeostasis is a highly complex and incompletely understood process involving a large number of regulatory molecules. Our review provides a description of what is known about how iron is obtained by the body and brain and how defects in the homeostatic processes could contribute to the development of brain diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as four other disorders belonging to a class of inherited conditions referred to as neurodegeneration based on iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. A description of potential therapeutic approaches being tested for each of these different disorders is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Lojk J, Babič L, Sušjan P, Bregar VB, Pavlin M, Hafner-Bratkovič I, Veranič P. Analysis of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Nanoparticle Exposure on Microglial and Neuronal Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7030. [PMID: 32987760 PMCID: PMC7582992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental or biomedical exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) can results in translocation and accumulation of NPs in the brain, which can lead to health-related problems. NPs have been shown to induce toxicity to neuronal cells through several direct mechanisms, but only a few studies have also explored the indirect effects of NPs, through consequences due to the exposure of neighboring cells to NPs. In this study, we analysed possible direct and indirect effects of NPs (polyacrylic acid (PAA) coated cobalt ferrite NP, TiO2 P25 and maghemite NPs) on immortalized mouse microglial cells and differentiated CAD mouse neuronal cells in monoculture (direct toxicity) or in transwell co-culture system (indirect toxicity). We showed that although the low NP concentrations (2-25 µg/mL) did not induce changes in cell viability, cytokine secretion or NF-κB activation of microglial cells, even low NP concentrations of 10 µg/mL can affect the cells and change their secretion of protein stress mediators. These can in turn influence neuronal cells in indirect exposure model. Indirect toxicity of NPs is an important and not adequately assessed mechanism of NP toxicity, since it not only affects cells on the exposure sites, but through secretion of signaling mediators, can also affect cells that do not come in direct contact with NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Babič
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.S.); (I.H.-B.)
| | - Petra Sušjan
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.S.); (I.H.-B.)
| | - Vladimir Boštjan Bregar
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.S.); (I.H.-B.)
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Iron-responsive-like elements and neurodegenerative ferroptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:395-413. [PMID: 32817306 PMCID: PMC7433652 DOI: 10.1101/lm.052282.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A set of common-acting iron-responsive 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) motifs can fold into RNA stem loops that appear significant to the biology of cognitive declines of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (LDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit perturbations of iron homeostasis in defined brain subregions over characteristic time intervals of progression. While misfolding of Aβ from the amyloid-precursor-protein (APP), alpha-synuclein, prion protein (PrP) each cause neuropathic protein inclusions in the brain subregions, iron-responsive-like element (IRE-like) RNA stem–loops reside in their transcripts. APP and αsyn have a role in iron transport while gene duplications elevate the expression of their products to cause rare familial cases of AD and PDD. Of note, IRE-like sequences are responsive to excesses of brain iron in a potential feedback loop to accelerate neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive declines as well as amyloidosis. This pathogenic feedback is consistent with the translational control of the iron storage protein ferritin. We discuss how the IRE-like RNA motifs in the 5′UTRs of APP, alpha-synuclein and PrP mRNAs represent uniquely folded drug targets for therapies to prevent perturbed iron homeostasis that accelerates AD, PD, PD dementia (PDD) and Lewy body dementia, thus preventing cognitive deficits. Inhibition of alpha-synuclein translation is an option to block manganese toxicity associated with early childhood cognitive problems and manganism while Pb toxicity is epigenetically associated with attention deficit and later-stage AD. Pathologies of heavy metal toxicity centered on an embargo of iron export may be treated with activators of APP and ferritin and inhibitors of alpha-synuclein translation.
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Nair RV, Yi PJ, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás B, Murukeshan VM. Au nano-urchins enabled localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of beta amyloid fibrillation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2693-2698. [PMID: 36132375 PMCID: PMC9417577 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Early stage detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of utmost importance, as it has become one of the leading causes of death of millions of people. The gradual intellectual decline in AD patients is an outcome of fibrillation of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptides in the brain. In this paper, we present localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensing of Aβ1-42 fibrillation using Au nano-urchins. Strongly localized field confinement at the spiky nanostructures of nano-urchin surfaces enables them to detect very low concentrations of Aβ1-42. In addition, the LSPR peak of Au nano-urchins, which is very sensitive to ambient conditions, shows significant responses at different fibrillation stages of Aβ1-42. Reduction in LSPR peak intensity with an increase in the fibrillation is chosen as the sensing parameter here. This paper in this context provides LSPR based highly sensitive, label-free and real-time sensing of Aβ1-42 fibrillation that is highly advantageous compared to the existing techniques which require binding additives or fluorescent biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika V Nair
- Center for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) 639798 Singapore
| | - Pae Jian Yi
- Center for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) 639798 Singapore
| | | | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore
| | - V M Murukeshan
- Center for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) 639798 Singapore
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Everett J, Brooks J, Lermyte F, O'Connor PB, Sadler PJ, Dobson J, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Iron stored in ferritin is chemically reduced in the presence of aggregating Aβ(1-42). Sci Rep 2020; 10:10332. [PMID: 32587293 PMCID: PMC7316746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical low-oxidation-state iron phases in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology are implicated in disease pathogenesis, as they may promote elevated redox activity and convey toxicity. However, the origin of low-oxidation-state iron and the pathways responsible for its formation and evolution remain unresolved. Here we investigate the interaction of the AD peptide β-amyloid (Aβ) with the iron storage protein ferritin, to establish whether interactions between these two species are a potential source of low-oxidation-state iron in AD. Using X-ray spectromicroscopy and electron microscopy we found that the co-aggregation of Aβ and ferritin resulted in the conversion of ferritin's inert ferric core into more reactive low-oxidation-states. Such findings strongly implicate Aβ in the altered iron handling and increased oxidative stress observed in AD pathogenesis. These amyloid-associated iron phases have biomarker potential to assist with disease diagnosis and staging, and may act as targets for therapies designed to lower oxidative stress in AD tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
| | | | - Neil D Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
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48
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Onoda A, Kawasaki T, Tsukiyama K, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Carbon nanoparticles induce endoplasmic reticulum stress around blood vessels with accumulation of misfolded proteins in the developing brain of offspring. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10028. [PMID: 32572058 PMCID: PMC7308306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-particulate air pollution threatens developing brains and is epidemiologically related to neurodegenerative diseases involving deposition of misfolded proteins. However, the mechanism underlying developmental neurotoxicity by nanoparticles remains unknown. Here, we report that maternal exposure to low doses of carbon black nanoparticle (CB-NP) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated with accumulation of misfolded proteins. Notably, offspring specifically showed high induction of ER stress in perivascular macrophages and reactive astrocytes only around brain blood vessels, along with accumulation of β-sheet-rich proteins regarded as misfolded proteins. Our results suggest that maternal CB-NP exposure induced ER stress in PVMs and reactive astrocytes around blood vessels in the brain of offspring in mice. The induction of ER stress accompanied by the perivascular accumulation of misfolded proteins is likely to be associated with perivascular abnormalities and neurodegeneration, and development of neurodegenerative diseases related to particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 University Street, Sanyo-Onoda city, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan. .,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kouji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Takayasu Kawasaki
- Infrared Free Electron Laser Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsukiyama
- Infrared Free Electron Laser Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 University Street, Sanyo-Onoda city, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
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49
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Ulanova M, Poljak A, Wen W, Bongers A, Gloag L, Gooding J, Tilley R, Sachdev P, Braidy N. Nanoparticles as contrast agents for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:725-743. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based magnetic contrast agents have opened the potential for MRI to be used for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This article aims to review the current progress of research in this field. A comprehensive literature search was performed based on PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Scopus databases using the following terms: ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ AND ‘nanoparticles’ AND ‘Magnetic Resonance Imaging.’ 33 studies were included that described the development and utility of various NPs for AD imaging, including their coating, functionalization, MRI relaxivity, toxicity and bioavailability. NPs show immense promise for neuroimaging, due to superior relaxivity and biocompatibility compared with currently available imaging agents. Consistent reporting is imperative for further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ulanova
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andre Bongers
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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50
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Curcio A, Van de Walle A, Serrano A, Preveral S, Péchoux C, Pignol D, Menguy N, Lefevre CT, Espinosa A, Wilhelm C. Transformation Cycle of Magnetosomes in Human Stem Cells: From Degradation to Biosynthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Anew. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1406-1417. [PMID: 31880428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The nanoparticles produced by magnetotactic bacteria, called magnetosomes, are made of a magnetite core with high levels of crystallinity surrounded by a lipid bilayer. This organized structure has been developed during the course of evolution of these organisms to adapt to their specific habitat and is assumed to resist degradation and to be able to withstand the demanding biological environment. Herein, we investigated magnetosomes' structural fate upon internalization in human stem cells using magnetic and photothermal measurements, electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. All measurements first converge to the demonstration that intracellular magnetosomes can experience an important biodegradation, with up to 70% of their initial content degraded, which is associated with the progressive storage of the released iron in the ferritin protein. It correlates with an extensive magnetite to ferrihydrite phase transition. The ionic species delivered by this degradation could then be used by the cells to biosynthesize magnetic nanoparticles anew. In this case, cell magnetism first decreased with magnetosomes being dissolved, but then cells remagnetized entirely, evidencing the neo-synthesis of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles. Bacteria-made biogenic magnetosomes can thus be totally remodeled by human stem cells, into human cells-made magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Curcio
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes, Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS and University of Paris , 75205 , Paris Cedex 13 , France
| | - Aurore Van de Walle
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes, Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS and University of Paris , 75205 , Paris Cedex 13 , France
| | - Aida Serrano
- Spanish CRG beamline at the European Synchrotron (ESRF) , B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble , France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas , Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Sandra Preveral
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 CEA - CNRS - Aix Marseille University, CEA Cadarache , F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance , France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- INRAE, UMR 1313 GABI , MIMA2-Plateau de Microscopie Electronique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - David Pignol
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 CEA - CNRS - Aix Marseille University, CEA Cadarache , F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance , France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Sorbonne Université , UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 4 Place Jussieu , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Christopher T Lefevre
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265 CEA - CNRS - Aix Marseille University, CEA Cadarache , F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance , France
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes, Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS and University of Paris , 75205 , Paris Cedex 13 , France
- IMDEA Nanociencia , c/Faraday, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes, Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS and University of Paris , 75205 , Paris Cedex 13 , France
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