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Shatunova S, Aktar R, Peiris M, Lee JYP, Vetter I, Starobova H. The role of the gut microbiome in neuroinflammation and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176818. [PMID: 39029779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most debilitating adverse effects caused by chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel, oxaliplatin and vincristine. It is untreatable and often leads to the discontinuation of cancer therapy and a decrease in the quality of life of cancer patients. It is well-established that neuroinflammation and the activation of immune and glial cells are among the major drivers of CIPN. However, these processes are still poorly understood, and while many chemotherapy drugs alone can drive the activation of these cells and consequent neuroinflammation, it remains elusive to what extent the gut microbiome influences these processes. In this review, we focus on the peripheral mechanisms driving CIPN, and we address the bidirectional pathways by which the gut microbiome communicates with the immune and nervous systems. Additionally, we critically evaluate literature addressing how chemotherapy-induced dysbiosis and the consequent imbalance in bacterial products may contribute to the activation of immune and glial cells, both of which drive neuroinflammation and possibly CIPN development, and how we could use this knowledge for the development of effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Shatunova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rubina Aktar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Yu Peppermint Lee
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woollsiana, QLD, Australia
| | - Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Huang Y, Cao J, Zhu M, Wang Z, Jin Z, Xiong Z. Nontoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: A double-edged sword. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127796. [PMID: 38870618 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of commensal microbes to human health and disease is unknown. Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) is an opportunistic pathogen and a common colonizer of the human gut. Nontoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) and enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) are two kinds of B. fragilis. NTBF has been shown to affect the host immune system and interact with gut microbes and pathogenic microbes. Previous studies indicated that certain strains of B. fragilis have the potential to serve as probiotics, based on their observed relationship with the immune system. However, several recent studies have shown detrimental effects on the host when beneficial gut bacteria are found in the digestive system or elsewhere. In some pathological conditions, NTBF may have adverse reactions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of NTBF ecology from the host-microbe perspective, encompassing molecular disease mechanisms analysis, bacteria-bacteria interaction, bacteria-host interaction, and the intricate ecological context of the gut. Our review provides much-needed insights into the precise application of NTBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiali Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengpei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Jan T, Negi R, Sharma B, Kumar S, Singh S, Rai AK, Shreaz S, Rustagi S, Chaudhary N, Kaur T, Kour D, Sheikh MA, Kumar K, Yadav AN, Ahmed N. Next generation probiotics for human health: An emerging perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35980. [PMID: 39229543 PMCID: PMC11369468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the scientific community has acknowledged the crucial role of certain microbial strains inhabiting the intestinal ecosystem in promoting human health, and participating in various beneficial functions for the host. These microorganisms are now referred to as next-generation probiotics and are currently considered as biotherapeutic products and food or nutraceutical supplements. However, the majority of next-generation probiotic candidates pose nutritional demands and exhibit high sensitivity towards aerobic conditions, leading to numerous technological hurdles in large-scale production. This underscores the need for the development of suitable delivery systems capable of enhancing the viability and functionality of these probiotic strains. Currently, potential candidates for next generation probiotics (NGP) are being sought among gut bacteria linked to health, which include strains from the genera Bacteroids, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia and Clostridium. In contrast to Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., NGP, particularly Bacteroids spp. and Clostridium spp., appear to exhibit greater ambiguity regarding their potential to induce infectious diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of NGPs in terms of their health beneficial effects, regulation framework and risk assessment targeting relevant criteria for commercialization in food and pharmaceutical markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseefa Jan
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeshwari Negi
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystem Department, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Depratment of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Depratment of Food Science and Technology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aaqib Sheikh
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
- Chitkara Center for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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4
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Cheng W, Zhu N, Wang J, Yang R. A role of gut microbiota metabolites in HLA-E and NKG2 blockage immunotherapy against tumors: new insights for clinical application. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331518. [PMID: 39229258 PMCID: PMC11368731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
One of major breakthroughs in immunotherapy against tumor is from blocking immune checkpoint molecules on tumor and reactive T cells. The development of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage antibodies has triggered to search for additional effective therapeutic strategies. This causes recent findings that blocking the interaction of checkpoint molecule NKG2A in NK and CD8 T cells with HLA-E in tumors is effective in defensing tumors. Interestingly, gut microbiota also affects this immune checkpoint immunotherapy against tumor. Gut microbiota such as bacteria can contribute to the regulation of host immune response and homeostasis. They not only promote the differentiation and function of immunosuppressive cells but also the inflammatory cells through the metabolites such as tryptophan (Trp) and bile acid (BA) metabolites as well as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These gut microbiota metabolites (GMMs) educated immune cells can affect the differentiation and function of effective CD8 and NK cells. Notably, these metabolites also directly affect the activity of CD8 and NK cells. Furthermore, the expression of CD94/NKG2A in the immune cells and/or their ligand HLA-E in the tumor cells is also regulated by gut microbiota associated immune factors. These findings offer new insights for the clinical application of gut microbiota in precise and/or personalized treatments of tumors. In this review, we will discuss the impacts of GMMs and GMM educated immune cells on the activity of effective CD8 and NK cells and the expression of CD94/NKG2A in immune cells and/or their ligand HLA-E in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Cheng
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning Zhu
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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5
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Wang J, Ma Y, Xu X, Huang G, Zhang R, Jia X, Dong L, Deng M, Zhang M, Huang F. Comparison of different longan polysaccharides during gut Bacteroides fermentation. Food Chem 2024; 461:140840. [PMID: 39154462 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The bioactivity of polysaccharide was closely related to its fermentation utilization by gut Bacteroides, and its utilization degree was determined by various gut Bacteroides species and different polysaccharides characteristics. The effects of longan polysaccharide (LP) and LP treated by ultrasonic-assisted hydrogen peroxide for 8 h (DLP-8) on gut Bacteroides growth, and their fermentation utilization were compared. The results of LP and DLP-8 on the proliferation of six Bacteroides species showed that Bacteroides uniformis had the highest proliferation index. In fermentation by B. uniformis, DLP-8 (with a lower molecular weight), the viable count of which was higher than that of LP, was degraded more and especially utilized more glucose and glucuronic acid. The microstructure of the two polysaccharides changed differently during fermentation. Moreover, DLP-8 promoted greater short-chain fatty acids production than LP. These results indicated that the fermentation properties of DLP-8 by B. uniformis were superior to those of LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidongtian Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yongxuan Ma
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Guitao Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China.
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6
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Yu YJ, Liu XD, Liao C, Yu R, Wang X, Li M, Wang Y. Targeting gut microbiota for immunotherapy of diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2429-2439. [PMID: 38722348 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
With advances in next-generation sequencing technology, there is growing evidence that the gut microbiome plays a key role in the host's innate and adaptive immune system. Gut microbes and their metabolites directly or indirectly regulate host immune cells. Crucially, dysregulation of the gut microbiota is often associated with many immune system diseases. In turn, microbes modulate disease immunotherapy. Data from preclinical to clinical studies suggest that the gut microbiota may influence the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In addition, the most critical issue now is a COVID-19 vaccine that generates strong and durable immunity. A growing number of clinical studies confirm the potential of gut microbes to enhance the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. However, it is still unclear how gut bacteria interact with immune cells and what treatments are based on gut microbes. Here, we outline recent advances in the effects and mechanisms of the gut microbiota and its metabolites (tryptophan metabolites, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and inosine) on different immune cells (dendritic cells, CD4+T cells, and macrophages). It also highlights innovative intervention strategies and clinical trials of microbiota-based checkpoint blocking therapies for tumor immunity, and ongoing efforts to maintain the long-term immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines. Finally, the challenges to be overcome in this area are discussed. These provide an important basis for further research and clinical translation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cai Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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7
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Bai J, Wang J, Fan M, Li Y, Huang L, Wang L. In vitro fermentation reveals an interplay relationship between oat β-glucan and human gut Bacteroides and their potential role in regulating gut cytokines. Food Funct 2024; 15:7794-7811. [PMID: 38920001 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Dietary oat β-glucan regulates the gut microbial composition and structure; however, the interplay relationship between oat β-glucan and the gut microbiota is unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the interaction between oat β-glucan and human gut Bacteroides, a versatile carbohydrate utilizer, and explore the effect of their interaction on gut immunity homeostasis. The results of in vitro fermentation showed that oat β-glucan significantly increased the abundance of gut Bacteroides at the genus level. Then, Bacteroides strains were isolated from human gut microbiota and 9 strains of Bacteroides could grow on oat β-glucan and degrade oat β-glucan to reducing sugars. Notably, strains Bacteroides xylanisolvens Bac02 and Bacteroides koreensis Bac08 possessed the strongest degradation capacity towards oat β-glucan. Genome analysis and functional annotations suggested that B. xylanisolvens Bac02 and B. koreensis Bac08 contained abundant genes encoding glycoside hydrolases family 3 (GH3) and GH16, which might be responsible for β-glucan degradation. Moreover, cell experiments revealed that the metabolites from oat β-glucan fermentation by these 9 strains of Bacteroides could regulate the polarization of macrophages and maintain gut immunity homeostasis. Our study provides a novel insight into research on the interplay between dietary compounds and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400712, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Linhua Huang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400712, China.
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Hasnain MA, Kang D, Moon GS. Research trends of next generation probiotics. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2111-2121. [PMID: 39130671 PMCID: PMC11315851 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut represents one of the largest interfaces for the interaction of host factors and the environmental ones. Gut microbiota, largely dominated by bacterial community, plays a significant role in the health status of the host. The healthy gut microbiota fulfills several vital functions such as energy metabolism, disease protection, and immune modulation. Dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, can contribute to the development of various disorders, including intestinal, systemic, metabolic, and neurodegenerative conditions. Probiotics offer the potential to address dysbiosis and improve overall health. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and omics have enabled mechanistic studies for the development of bespoke probiotics, referred to as next generation probiotics. These tailor-made probiotics have the potential to ameliorate specific disease conditions and thus fulfill the specific consumer needs. This review discusses recent updates on the most promising next generation probiotics, along with the challenges that must be addressed to translate this concept into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Hasnain
- Major in IT·Biohealth Convergence, Department of IT·Energy Convergence, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‑Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Major in IT·Biohealth Convergence, Department of IT·Energy Convergence, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469 Republic of Korea
- Major in Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 27909 Republic of Korea
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 27909 Republic of Korea
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Zou J, Luan H, Xi P, Xue J, Fan J, Zhong X, Zhou X, Song X, Zhao X, Zou Y, Li L, Jia R, Fu Y, Liu Z, Yin Z. Gallnut tannic acid alleviates gut damage induced by Salmonella pullorum in broilers by enhancing barrier function and modulating microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1382288. [PMID: 38863452 PMCID: PMC11166010 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pullorum disease (PD) is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella pullorum (S. pullorum) that affects poultry. It is highly infectious and often fatal. Antibiotics are currently the mainstay of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for PD, but their use can lead to the development of resistance in pathogenic bacteria and disruption of the host's intestinal flora. We added neomycin sulfate and different doses of tannic acid (TA) to the drinking water of chicks at 3 days of age and infected them with PD by intraperitoneal injection of S. pullorum at 9 days of age. We analyzed intestinal histopathological changes and the expression of immune-related genes and proteins by using the plate smear method, histological staining, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, ELISA kits, and 16S rRNA Analysis of intestinal flora. The results demonstrate that S. pullorum induces alterations in the immune status and impairs the functionality of the liver and intestinal barrier. We found that tannic acid significantly ameliorated S. pullorum-induced liver and intestinal damage, protected the intestinal physical and chemical barriers, restored the intestinal immune barrier function, and regulated the intestinal flora. Our results showed that TA has good anti-diarrhoeal, growth-promoting, immune-regulating, intestinal barrier-protecting and intestinal flora-balancing effects, and the best effect was achieved at an additive dose of 0.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongliang Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Qilu Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Pengyuan Xi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junshu Xue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Fan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongxiu Liu
- Chengdu QianKun Veterinary Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Li Z, Xiong W, Liang Z, Wang J, Zeng Z, Kołat D, Li X, Zhou D, Xu X, Zhao L. Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:33. [PMID: 38745196 PMCID: PMC11094969 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence of the connections between the gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses to cancer immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. In this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research to decipher the complicated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, the systemic immune system, and immunotherapy in the context of cancer. Additionally, as the gut microbiota can account for immune-related adverse events, we discuss potential interventions to minimize these adverse effects and discuss the clinical application of five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, as the gut microbiota holds promising potential as a target for precision cancer immunotherapeutics, we summarize current challenges and provide a general outlook on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Liang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Target Discovery Institute, Center for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Oxford, UK
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Sang Y, Zheng K, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhu S, Xie X, Shang L, Liu J, Li L. Efficacy and regulatory strategies of gut microbiota in immunotherapy: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:2043-2063. [PMID: 38737692 PMCID: PMC11082673 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective With advances in gut microbiome research, it has been recognized that the gut microbiome has an important and far-reaching impact on many human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, more and more researchers are focusing on the treatment of gut flora in tumors. In this article, we present a review of the mechanisms of gut microbes in tumor immunotherapy and related studies to provide reference for further research and insights into the clinical application of gut microbes. Methods Between April 25, 2023, and November 25, 2023, we searched for articles published only in English between 1984 and 2023 using the databases PubMed, American Medical Association and Elsevier ScienceDirect using the keywords "gut microbiology" and "tumor" or "immunotherapy". Key Content and Findings The gastrointestinal tract contains the largest number of microorganisms in the human body. Microorganisms are involved in regulating many physiological activities of the body. Studies have shown that gut microbes and their derivatives are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of inflammations and tumors, and changes in their abundance and proportion affect the degree of cancer progression and sensitivity to immunotherapy. Gut microbiota-based drug research is ongoing, and some anti-tumor studies have entered the clinical trial stage. Conclusions The abundance and proportion of intestinal microorganisms influence the susceptibility of tumors to tumor immunotherapy. This article reviewed the effects and mechanisms of gut microbes on tumor immunotherapy to further explore the medical value of gut microbes in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Sang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Siqiang Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaozhou Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Li H, Dong T, Tao M, Zhao H, Lan T, Yan S, Gong X, Hou Q, Ma X, Song Y. Fucoidan enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by regulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:3463-3478. [PMID: 38456333 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy strategies against breast cancer is limited, and low response rates need to be improved. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the sensitization process of immunotherapy. As a natural dietary supplement, fucoidan has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects, while some studies have found that oral fucoidan may act as a potential prebiotic to modulate the gut microbiota. Therefore, this study investigated whether fucoidan could enhance the effects of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody antitumor immunotherapy by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. We found that the anti-tumor effect of the combination treatment was significantly enhanced, while fucoidan significantly improved the composition of the gut microbiota by increasing the number of potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus. Interference with the gut microbiota by antibiotics revealed impaired antitumor efficacy, confirming the necessity of gut microbiota in the antitumor effects of fucoidan in vivo. Metabolomics further revealed that fucoidan may have reversed the metabolic disturbances induced by the breast cancer model through tryptophan metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways, with the most significant increase in the content of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic and butyric acids. These modulations improved the function of effector T cells and suppressed Treg cell production. Thus, our findings suggest that fucoidan combined with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody may be a novel strategy to sensitize breast cancer patients to anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota might serve as a new biomarker to predict the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody response to breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Tieying Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Meng Tao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Qingdao Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Marine Chinese, Medicine, China
| | - Tongtong Lan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Shiyu Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xinyi Gong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qilong Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Gao X, Jiang J. Exploring the regulatory mechanism of intestinal flora based on PD-1 receptor/ligand targeted cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359029. [PMID: 38617841 PMCID: PMC11010636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Serving as a pivotal immunotherapeutic approach against tumors, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy amplifies the immune cells' capability to eliminate tumors by obstructing the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. Research indicates that immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective when a patient's gut harbors unique beneficial bacteria. As such, it has further been revealed that the gut microbiome influences tumor development and the efficacy of cancer treatments, with metabolites produced by the microbiome playing a regulatory role in the antitumor efficacy of Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICBs). This article discusses the mechanism of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the role of intestinal flora in immune regulation. This review focuses on the modulation of intestinal flora in the context of PD-1 immunotherapy, which may offer a new avenue for combination therapy in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Gao
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor lmmunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor lmmunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Wang J, Zhu N, Su X, Yang R. Gut microbiota: A double-edged sword in immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy against tumors. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216582. [PMID: 38065401 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells can evade immune surveillance by expressing immune checkpoint molecule ligands, resulting in effective immune cell inactivation. Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have dramatically improved survival of patients with multiple types of cancers. However, responses to ICB immunotherapy are heterogeneous with lower patient response rates. The advances have established that the gut microbiota can be as a promising target to overcome resistance to ICB immunotherapy. Furthermore, some bacterial species have shown to promote improved responses to ICBs. However, gut microbiota is critical in maintaining gut and systemic immune homeostasis. It not only promotes differentiation and function of immunosuppressive immune cells but also inhibits inflammatory cells via gut microbiota derived products such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp) and bile acid (BA) metabolites, which play an important role in tumor immunity. Since the gut microbiota can either inhibit or enhance immune against tumor, it should be a double-edged sword in ICBs against tumor. In this review, we discuss the effects of gut microbiota on immune cells and also tumor cells, especially enhances of gut microbiota on ICB immunotherapy. These discussions can hopefully promote the development of ICB immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ningning Zhu
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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15
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Sun X, Jin X, Wang L, Lin Z, Feng H, Zhan C, Liu X, Cheng G. Fraxetin ameliorates symptoms of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23295. [PMID: 38163213 PMCID: PMC10755303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the primary inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and causes a serious threat to human public health around the world. Currently, there are no proven safe and effective treatment options to treat UC. Fraxetin (Fxt) is a widely recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory legume derived from ash bark. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of Fxt on UC. Our results showed that Fxt significantly attenuated the body weight, colon length reduction, tissue damage, and disease activity index induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Moreover, the DSS-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasomes was inhibited, and the inflammatory response was reduced. Fxt restored gut barrier function by increasing the number of goblet cells and the levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). In addition, Fxt can alter the intestinal microbiota by enhancing the diversity of the microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. These results revealed that Fxt alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating the inflammatory response, enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and regulating the gut microbiota. This study may provide a scientific basis for the potential therapeutic effect of Fxt in the prevention of colitis and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Sun
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lumeng Wang
- Shengming Biological Technology (Zhengzhou) Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhengdan Lin
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Helong Feng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cunlin Zhan
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Li Y, Teng M, Yang H, Li S, Liu X, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Li L. Impact of macrophage differentiation on hematopoietic function enhancement by Shenzhu ErKang Syrup. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:169-190. [PMID: 38175693 PMCID: PMC10817372 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Shenzhu Erkang Syrup (SZEK) is a traditional Chinese medicine that improves spleen and stomach function, tonifying the Qi and activating the blood; however, its therapeutic effects in hematopoietic dysfunction and their underlying mechanism remain unexplored. In this study, mice were given cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections for three days to produce hematopoietic dysfunction model. We investigated the hematopoietic effect and mechanism of SZEK in mice with hematopoietic dysfunction via histopathological examination, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting combined with intestinal flora and serum metabolomics analysis. In mice with hematopoietic dysfunction, SZEK (gavage, 0.3 mL/25 g) alleviated pathological damage to the bone marrow and spleen; increased the number of naïve cells (Lin-), hematopoietic stem cells (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+), long-term self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+CD48-CD150+), B lymphocytes (CD45+CD19+), and macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+) in the bone marrow; and reduced inflammation. Preliminary intestinal flora and serum metabolome analyses indicated that the pro-hematopoietic mechanism of SZEK was associated with macrophage differentiation. Further validation revealed that SZEK promoted hematopoiesis by decreasing the number of M2 macrophages and inhibiting the secretion of negative hematopoietic regulatory factors in mice with hematopoietic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
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17
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Manjarres Z, Calvo M, Pacheco R. Regulation of Pain Perception by Microbiota in Parkinson Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:7-36. [PMID: 37863655 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in chronic pain, the neural activity of both peripheral nociceptors and postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system is influenced by several inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system. Growing evidence has indicated that the commensal microbiota plays an active role in regulating pain perception by either acting directly on nociceptors or indirectly through the modulation of the inflammatory activity on immune cells. This symbiotic relationship is mediated by soluble bacterial mediators or intrinsic structural components of bacteria that act on eukaryotic cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, T cells, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glial cells. The molecular mechanisms involve bacterial molecules that act directly on neurons, affecting their excitability, or indirectly on non-neuronal cells, inducing changes in the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic neurons implicated in the control of voluntary movements, involves not only a motor decline but also nonmotor symptomatology, including chronic pain. Of note, several recent studies have shown that Parkinson disease involves a dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota. In this review, we first summarize, integrate, and classify the molecular mechanisms implicated in the microbiota-mediated regulation of chronic pain. Second, we analyze the changes on the commensal microbiota associated to Parkinson disease and propose how these changes affect the development of chronic pain in this pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The microbiota regulates chronic pain through the action of bacterial signals into two main locations: the peripheral nociceptors and the postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. The dysbiosis associated to Parkinson disease reveals increased representation of commensals that potentially exacerbate chronic pain and reduced levels of bacteria with beneficial effects on pain. This review encourages further research to better understand the signals involved in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host communication to get the clues for the development of probiotics with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulmary Manjarres
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Margarita Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
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18
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Zhang L, Shi X, Qiu H, Liu S, Yang T, Li X, Liu X. Protein modification by short-chain fatty acid metabolites in sepsis: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171834. [PMID: 37869005 PMCID: PMC10587562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major life-threatening syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response due to infection. Dysregulated immunometabolism is fundamental to the onset of sepsis. Particularly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbes derived metabolites serving to drive the communication between gut microbes and the immune system, thereby exerting a profound influence on the pathophysiology of sepsis. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as key players in shaping protein function, offering novel insights into the intricate connections between metabolism and phenotype regulation that characterize sepsis. Accumulating evidence from recent studies suggests that SCFAs can mediate various PTM-dependent mechanisms, modulating protein activity and influencing cellular signaling events in sepsis. This comprehensive review discusses the roles of SCFAs metabolism in sepsis associated inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders while highlights recent advancements in SCFAs-mediated lysine acylation modifications, such as substrate supplement and enzyme regulation, which may provide new pharmacological targets for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhui Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Wang Y, Han W, Wang N, Han M, Ban M, Dai J, Dong Y, Sun T, Xu J. The role of microbiota in the development and treatment of gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1224669. [PMID: 37841431 PMCID: PMC10572359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1224669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach was once considered a sterile organ until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (HP). With the application of high-throughput sequencing technology and macrogenomics, researchers have identified fungi and fivemajor bacterial phyla within the stomachs of healthy individuals. These microbial communities exert regulatory influence over various physiological functions, including energy metabolism and immune responses. HP is a well-recognized risk factor for gastric cancer, significantly altering the stomach's native microecology. Currently, numerous studies are centered on the mechanisms by which HP contributes to gastric cancer development, primarily involving the CagA oncoprotein. However, aside from exogenous infections such as HP and EBV, certain endogenous dysbiosis can also lead to gastric cancer through multiple mechanisms. Additionally, gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly impact the development of gastric cancer. The role of microbial therapies, including diet, phages, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, in treating gastric cancer should not be underestimated. This review aims to study the mechanisms involved in the roles of exogenous pathogen infection and endogenous microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastric cancer. Also, we describe the application of microbiota therapy in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Ban
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kanghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Jianying Dai
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Al Qutami F, Al Halabi W, Hachim MY. Identification of Breast Cancer LCK Proto-Oncogene as a Master Regulator of TNBC Neutrophil Enrichment and Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13269. [PMID: 37686072 PMCID: PMC10487917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in breast cancer shows that the N1 proinflammatory subtype can suppress and attack the tumor. In contrast, the N2 pro-tumor subtype aids the tumor in its survival, progression, and metastasis. Recently, more focus has been directed to the role of innate myeloid cells, specifically neutrophils, in regulating the responses of lymphoid populations both in the progression of cancer and in response to therapy. However, the exact crosstalk between breast cancer cells and neutrophils is poorly understood. In this work, we used in-silico assays to investigate the role of the bidirectional effect of neutrophils on metastatic TNBC. Our reanalysis of publicly available data reveals that most TNBC's classified within the CE2 subtype are leukocyte-poor and have four major cell types in their ecotypes: dendritic cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. Further immune deconvolution of these patients revealed that a few cells significantly differed between groups, including macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells. All BC showed lower infiltrating neutrophils compared to healthy surrounding tissue. Treated TNBCs improved the count of infiltrating neutrophils in TNBC. Most TNBC patients have a unique CE2 ecotype, characterized by more basal-like epithelial cells, more neutrophils, and fewer mononuclear lymphocytes (B cells, macrophages M1, T cell CD4+ (non-regulatory), and T cell CD8+ and T regs). This can be related to our finding that CE2 TNBCs are characterized by a lower LCK and higher ERBB2, and their top DEGs are related to leukocyte activation and NFKB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.)
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21
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Roggiani S, Mengoli M, Conti G, Fabbrini M, Brigidi P, Barone M, D'Amico F, Turroni S. Gut microbiota resilience and recovery after anticancer chemotherapy. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:16. [PMID: 38046820 PMCID: PMC10688789 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although research on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in human health has sharply increased in recent years, what a "healthy" gut microbiota is and how it responds to major stressors is still difficult to establish. In particular, anticancer chemotherapy is known to have a drastic impact on the microbiota structure, potentially hampering its recovery with serious long-term consequences for patients' health. However, the distinguishing features of gut microbiota recovery and non-recovery processes are not yet known. In this narrative review, we first investigated how gut microbiota layouts are affected by anticancer chemotherapy and identified potential gut microbial recovery signatures. Then, we discussed microbiome-based intervention strategies aimed at promoting resilience, i.e., the rapid and complete recovery of a healthy gut microbial network associated with a better prognosis after such high-impact pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roggiani
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Mengoli
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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22
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O’Morain VL, Chen J, Plummer SF, Michael DR, Ramji DP. Anti-Atherogenic Actions of the Lab4b Consortium of Probiotics In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043639. [PMID: 36835055 PMCID: PMC9964490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have many protective effects against inflammatory disorders, though the mechanisms underlying their actions are poorly understood. The Lab4b consortium of probiotics contains four strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria that are reflective of the gut of newborn babies and infants. The effect of Lab4b on atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature, has not yet been determined and was investigated on key processes associated with this disease in human monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. The Lab4b conditioned medium (CM) attenuated chemokine-driven monocytic migration, monocyte/macrophage proliferation, uptake of modified LDL and macropinocytosis in macrophages together with the proliferation and platelet-derived growth factor-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. The Lab4b CM also induced phagocytosis in macrophages and cholesterol efflux from macrophage-derived foam cells. The effect of Lab4b CM on macrophage foam cell formation was associated with a decrease in the expression of several key genes implicated in the uptake of modified LDL and induced expression of those involved in cholesterol efflux. These studies reveal, for the first time, several anti-atherogenic actions of Lab4b and strongly implicate further studies in mouse models of the disease in vivo and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. O’Morain
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Sue F. Plummer
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Daryn R. Michael
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Dipak P. Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)29-20876753
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23
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Wang X, Geng S. Diet-gut microbial interactions influence cancer immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1138362. [PMID: 37035188 PMCID: PMC10081683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1138362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is involved in the absorption and metabolism of host nutrients and modulates the immune response, affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer. In patients receiving immunotherapy, appropriate modifications of gut microbiota are thought to improve therapeutic response. Of all the factors that influence the gut microbiota, diet is the most influential and modifiable. Healthy dietary patterns as well as some specific dietary components can help the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gut, thereby protecting against cancers and promoting human health. A growing number of researches have confirmed the positive effects of a diet-gut microbiota approach as an adjuvant therapy for cancer, but controversy remains. Here, we summarize the interactions between diet and gut microbes based on previous studies, and discuss the role of gut microbiota-based dietary strategies in tumor immunotherapy, with the potential mechanisms of actions also intensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, China
| | - Shitao Geng
- Department of Emergency, First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang, China
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24
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Zhang H, Duan Y, Cai F, Cao D, Wang L, Qiao Z, Hong Q, Li N, Zheng Y, Su M, Liu Z, Zhu B. Next-Generation Probiotics: Microflora Intervention to Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5633403. [PMID: 36440358 PMCID: PMC9683952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5633403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
With the development of human genome sequencing and techniques such as intestinal microbial culture and fecal microbial transplantation, newly discovered microorganisms have been isolated, cultured, and researched. Consequently, many beneficial probiotics have emerged as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Currently, "safety," "individualized treatment," and "internal interaction within the flora" are requirements of a potential NGPs. Furthermore, in the complex ecosystem of humans and microbes, it is challenging to identify the relationship between specific strains, specific flora, and hosts to warrant a therapeutic intervention in case of a disease. Thus, this review focuses on the progress made in NGPs and human health research by elucidating the limitations of traditional probiotics; summarizing the functions and strengths of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium hallii, and Roseburia spp. as NGPs; and determining the role of their intervention in treatment of certain diseases. Finally, we aim to provide a reference for developing new probiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Duan
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Demin Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Miya Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Gautier T, Olivieiro N, Ferron S, Le Pogam P, David-Le Gall S, Sauvager A, Leroyer P, Cannie I, Dion S, Sweidan A, Loréal O, Tomasi S, Bousarghin L. Bacteroides fragilis derived metabolites, identified by molecular networking, decrease Salmonella virulence in mice model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023315. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the gut microbiota, resident bacteria prevent pathogens infection by producing specific metabolites. Among bacteria belonging to phylum Bacteroidota, we have previously shown that Bacteroides fragilis or its cell-free supernatant inhibited in vitro Salmonella Heidelberg translocation. In the present study, we have analyzed this supernatant to identify bioactive molecules after extraction and subsequent fractionation using a semi-preparative reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). The results indicated that only two fractions (F3 and F4) strongly inhibited S. Heidelberg translocation in a model mimicking the intestinal epithelium. The efficiency of the bioactive fractions was evaluated in BALB/c mice, and the results showed a decrease of S. Heidelberg in Peyer’s patches and spleen, associated with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils infiltration. The reduction of the genus Alistipes in mice receiving the fractions could be related to the anti-inflammatory effects of bioactive fractions. Furthermore, these bioactive fractions did not alter the gut microbiota diversity in mice. To further characterize the compounds present in these bioactive fractions, Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data were analyzed through molecular networking, highlighting cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid. In vitro, CA had inhibitory activity against the translocation of S. Heidelberg by significantly decreasing the expression of Salmonella virulence genes such as sipA. The bioactive fractions also significantly downregulated the flagellar gene fliC, suggesting the involvement of other active molecules. This study showed the interest to characterize better the metabolites produced by B. fragilis to make them means of fighting pathogenic bacteria by targeting their virulence factor without modifying the gut microbiota.
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26
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Fakharian F, Asgari B, Nabavi-Rad A, Sadeghi A, Soleimani N, Yadegar A, Zali MR. The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and the gut microbiota: An emerging driver influencing the immune system homeostasis and gastric carcinogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953718. [PMID: 36046747 PMCID: PMC9423097 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota are critical for preserving the health status because they are required for digestion and nutrient acquisition, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. The gut microbial composition is greatly influenced by the colonization of the recalcitrant pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and the conventional antibiotic regimens that follow. H. pylori is considered to be the main microorganism in gastric carcinogenesis, and it appears to be required for the early stages of the process. However, a non-H. pylori microbiota profile is also suggested, primarily in the later stages of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, specific groups of gut microbes may produce beneficial byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) that can modulate inflammation and tumorigenesis pathways. In this review, we aim to present how H. pylori influences the population of the gut microbiota to modify the host immunity and trigger the development of gastric carcinogenesis. We will also highlight the effect of the gut microbiota on immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment to present a perspective for further development of innovative therapeutic paradigms to prevent the progression of H. pylori-induced stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush Asgari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Yadegar, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Alberca GGF, Cardoso NSS, Solis-Castro RL, Nakano V, Alberca RW. Intestinal inflammation and the microbiota: Beyond diversity. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3274-3278. [PMID: 36051343 PMCID: PMC9331525 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent manuscript entitled “Relationship between clinical features and intestinal microbiota in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis” reported a difference in the intestinal microbiota of patients with ulcerative colitis according to the severity of the colitis. The influence of the intestinal microbiota on the development and progress of gastrointestinal disorders is well established. Besides the diversity in the microbiome, the presence of virulence factors and toxins by commensal bacteria may affect an extensive variety of cellular processes, contributing to the induction of a proinflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gama Freire Alberca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naiane Samira Souza Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosa Liliana Solis-Castro
- Departamento Académico de Biología Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Pampa Grande 24000, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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28
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He Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Jia X, Shen Y, Xu X, Li J. elk1/miR-462-731 Feedback Loop Regulates Macrophages Polarization and Phagocytosis in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:946857. [PMID: 35911773 PMCID: PMC9330907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA clusters are microRNAs (miRNAs) that are distributed in close proximity on chromosomes. In this study, we report a miRNA cluster identified from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), miR-462-731, which plays a positive role in host antibacterial immunity. The expression of miR-462-731 was disrupted after infection by Aeromonas hydrophila. Transcription factor ETS transcription factor ELK1 was identified to bind to the promoter of the miR-462-731 cluster and suppress its expression. In addition, miR-731 negatively regulates the expression of elk1, forms an elk1/miR-462-731 double negative feedback loop. In addition, we found that miR-731 directly targets ezrin a (ezra), participates in inducing PI3K/AKT signaling in macrophage, to induce macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype with stronger phagocytosis. Our results demonstrate a novel elk1/miR-462-731 feedback loop. The data deepen our understanding of the relationship between macrophage polarization and phagocytosis in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Xu, ; Jiale Li,
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Xu, ; Jiale Li,
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29
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Lu Y, Yuan X, Wang M, He Z, Li H, Wang J, Li Q. Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:47. [PMID: 35488243 PMCID: PMC9052532 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical to clinical research have gradually established that the gut microbiota can modulate antitumor immunity and affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Deciphering the underlying mechanisms reveals that the gut microbiota reprogram the immunity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by engaging innate and/or adaptive immune cells. Notably, one of the primary modes by which the gut microbiota modulate antitumor immunity is by means of metabolites, which are small molecules that could spread from their initial location of the gut and impact local and systemic antitumor immune response to promote ICI efficiency. Mechanistic exploration provides novel insights for developing rational microbiota-based therapeutic strategies by manipulating gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, engineered microbiomes, and specific microbial metabolites, to augment the efficacy of ICI and advance the age utilization of microbiota precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiangliang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhihao He
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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30
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Jia Z, Kang B, Cai Y, Chen C, Yu Z, Li W, Zhang W. Cell-free fat extract attenuates osteoarthritis via chondrocytes regeneration and macrophages immunomodulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:133. [PMID: 35365233 PMCID: PMC8973552 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing, yet clinically effective and economical treatments are unavailable. We have previously proposed a cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) containing multiple cytokines, which possessed antiapoptotic, anti-oxidative, and proliferation promotion functions, as a “cell-free” strategy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CEFFE in vivo and in vitro. Methods In vivo study, sodium iodoacetate-induced OA rats were treated with CEFFE by intra-articular injections for 8 weeks. Behavioral experiments were performed every two weeks. Histological analyses, anti-type II collagen, and toluidine staining provided structural evaluation. Macrophage infiltration was assessed by anti-CD68 and anti-CD206 staining. In vitro study, the effect of CEFFE on macrophage polarization and secretory factors was evaluated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of CEFFE on cartilage regeneration was accessed by cell counting kit-8 assay and qRT-PCR. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and levels of ROS-related enzymes were investigated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results In rat models with sodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA, CEFFE increased claw retraction pressure while decreasing bipedal pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CEFFE promoted cartilage structure restoration and increased the proportion of CD206+ macrophages in the synovium. In vitro, CEFFE decreased the proportion of CD86+ cells and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS + IFN-γ induced Raw 264.7. In addition, CEFFE decreased the expression of interleukin-6 and ADAMTs-5 and promoted the expression of SOX-9 in mouse primary chondrocytes. Besides, CEFFE reduced the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in both in vitro models through regulating ROS-related enzymes. Conclusions CEFFE inhibits the progression of OA by promoting cartilage regeneration and limiting low-grade joint inflammation. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02813-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Jia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bijun Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yizuo Cai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chingyu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zheyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Li Y, Cao W, Gao NL, Zhao XM, Chen WH. Consistent Alterations of Human Fecal Microbes After Transplantation into Germ-free Mice. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:382-393. [PMID: 34118462 PMCID: PMC9684084 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of human fecal samples into germ-free (GF) mice is useful for establishing causal relationships between the gut microbiota and human phenotypes. However, due to the intrinsic differences between human and mouse intestines and the different diets of the two organisms, it may not be possible to replicate human phenotypes in mice through FMT; similarly, treatments that are effective in mouse models may not be effective in humans. In this study, we aimed to identify human gut microbes that undergo significant and consistent changes (i.e., in relative abundances) after transplantation into GF mice in multiple experimental settings. We collected 16S rDNA-seq data from four published studies and analyzed the gut microbiota profiles from 1713 human-mouse pairs. Strikingly, on average, we found that only 47% of the human gut microbes could be re-established in mice at the species level, among which more than 1/3 underwent significant changes (referred to as "variable taxa"). Most of the human gut microbes that underwent significant changes were consistent across multiple human-mouse pairs and experimental settings. Consequently, about 1/3 of human samples changed their enterotypes, i.e., significant changes in their leading species after FMT. Mice fed with a controlled diet showed a lower enterotype change rate (23.5%) than those fed with a noncontrolled diet (49.0%), suggesting a possible solution for rescue. Most of the variable taxa have been reported to be implicated in human diseases, with some recognized as the causative species. Our results highlight the challenges of using a mouse model to replicate human gut microbiota-associated phenotypes, provide useful information for researchers using mice in gut microbiota studies, and call for additional validations after FMT. An online database named FMT-DB is publicly available at http://fmt2mice.humangut.info/#/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenming Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Na L Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China,Corresponding authors.
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NGUYEN HT, HONGSRICHAN N, INTUYOD K, PINLAOR P, YINGKLANG M, CHAIDEE A, SENGTHONG C, PONGKING T, DANGTAKOT R, BANJONG D, ANUTRAKULCHAI S, CHA’ON U, PINLAOR S. Investigation of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>-infected patients in a rural community. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:121-129. [PMID: 35854692 PMCID: PMC9246423 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Thi NGUYEN
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nuttanan HONGSRICHAN
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kitti INTUYOD
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip PINLAOR
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Manachai YINGKLANG
- Department of Fundamentals of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Apisit CHAIDEE
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan SENGTHONG
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thatsanapong PONGKING
- Science Program in Biomedical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rungthiwa DANGTAKOT
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Nakhonratchasima college, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Ditsayathan BANJONG
- Science Program in Biomedical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirirat ANUTRAKULCHAI
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon CHA’ON
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai PINLAOR
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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33
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main mechanisms of the effect of intestinal microflora on the immune system and their importance in clinical practice. Fam Med 2021. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.4.2021.249409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Ananya FN, Ahammed MR, Fahem MM, Kafle S, Viswanathan M, Desai D, Akku R, Khan F, Hernandez TE, Bala SK, Gulati S, Martin N, Yatzkan GD, Pérez-Fernández J. Association of Intestinal Microbial Dysbiosis With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e19343. [PMID: 34909304 PMCID: PMC8653930 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal gut flora plays various beneficial roles for the human body, including the protection against inflammatory states and mucosal viral infections. It also influences the immune system of the body. The metabolites produced by the gut bacteria control local and other systemic organs' immune functions like the lungs and brain, playing a role in their response to acute and chronic illnesses. Probiotics have shown beneficial effects on lung health. On the contrary, dysbiosis is associated with several diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, allergies, and other acute viral infections. By altering the diet of patients with respiratory diseases like patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), we may be able to mitigate their conditions. This literature review aims to discuss the mechanisms altering the gastrointestinal flora, the pathophysiology of gut and lung axis, the role of diet in gut microbe health, and the association of COPD with gut dysbiosis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). We have extracted the data from PubMed and Google Scholar, consisting of review articles, case-control studies, and animal studies. The studies showed an association between gut microbes and different lung diseases. It is found that gut dysbiosis not only disrupts intestinal immunity but may also facilitate the development of COPD. Present studies also show an increased seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with COPD. The strategies that can improve lung functions, especially in COPD patients, include prebiotics and probiotic supplementation to a diet more balanced than the current average American diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha N Ananya
- Respiratory Medicine, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD.,Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Md Ripon Ahammed
- Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, BGD.,Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Michael M Fahem
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Sunam Kafle
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Mahima Viswanathan
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Darshi Desai
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Radhika Akku
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Faryal Khan
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Tabata E Hernandez
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Supreet K Bala
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Shivam Gulati
- Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - Natalia Martin
- Internal Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - George D Yatzkan
- Pulmonary Medicine, Larkin University School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Dong L. Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:221. [PMID: 34217349 PMCID: PMC8254267 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunity consists of various types of cells, which serve an important role in antitumor therapy. The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, which form the gut microbiota. In addition to pathogen defense and maintaining the intestinal ecosystem, gut microbiota also plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Recently, the association between these symbionts and cancer, ranging from oncogenesis and cancer progression to resistance or sensitivity to antitumor therapies, has attracted much attention. Metagenome analysis revealed a significant difference between the gut microbial composition of cancer patients and healthy individuals. Moreover, modulation of microbiome could improve therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These findings suggest that microbiome is involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression through regulation of tumor immunosurveillance, although the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. This review focuses on the interaction between the microbiome and tumor immunity, with in-depth discussion regarding the therapeutic potential of modulating gut microbiota in ICIs. Further investigations are warranted before gut microbiota can be introduced into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Chen Y, Wan M, Zhong Y, Gao T, Zhang Y, Yan F, Huang D, Wu Y, Weng Z. Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Modulates Gut Microbiota, Regulates the Levels of Neurotransmitters, and Prevents CUMS-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100146. [PMID: 34125489 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world; however, most antidepressants have drug tolerance and serious side effects. In this study, it is explored whether partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a safe food that exhibits protection in a mouse model of depression. METHODS AND RESULTS PHGG is orally administered to mice with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in two animal experiments (prevention trial and intervention trial) to characterize the potentially protective effect of PHGG. The results in the prevention trial show that PHGG significantly inhibits the loss of body weight, and prevents CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. The beneficial effects may be associated with PHGG modulating the gut microbiota structure and then increasing the levels of short-chain fatty acids in mice feces and the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in serum, striatum, and hippocampus. Besides, PHGG in the intervention trial is less effective than that in the prevention trial, but it may have a synergistic effect on improving depression with fluoxetine. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that moderate daily intake of PHGG can contribute to relieving depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Mei Wan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Tingfang Gao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuehan Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Fen Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Da Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuanzi Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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37
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Wang S, Xu S, Zhou J, Zhang L, Mao X, Yao X, Liu C. Luteolin transforms the polarity of bone marrow-derived macrophages to regulate the cytokine storm. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:21. [PMID: 34059076 PMCID: PMC8165957 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Macrophages are indispensable regulators of inflammatory responses. Macrophage polarisation and their secreted inflammatory factors have an association with the outcome of inflammation. Luteolin, a flavonoid abundant in plants, has anti-inflammatory activity, but whether luteolin can manipulate M1/M2 polarisation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to suppress inflammation is still unclear. This study aimed to observe the effects of luteolin on the polarity of BMDMs derived from C57BL/6 mice and the expression of inflammatory factors, to explore the mechanism by which luteolin regulates the BMDM polarity. Methods M1-polarised BMDMs were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon (IFN)-γ and M2-polarisation were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-4. BMDM morphology and phagocytosis were observed by laser confocal microscopy; levels of BMDM differentiation and cluster of differentiation (CD)11c or CD206 on the membrane surface were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM); mRNA and protein levels of M1/M2-type inflammatory factors were performed by qPCR and ELISA, respectively; and the expression of p-STAT1 and p-STAT6 protein pathways was detected by Western-blotting. Results The isolated mouse bone marrow cells were successfully differentiated into BMDMs, LPS + IFN-γ induced BMDM M1-phenotype polarisation, and IL-4 induced M2-phenotype polarisation. After M1-polarised BMDMs were treated with luteolin, the phagocytosis of M1-polarized BMDMs was reduced, and the M1-type pro-inflammatory factors including IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD86 were downregulated while the M2-type anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10, IL-13, found in inflammatory zone (FIZZ)1, Arginase (Arg)1 and CD206 were upregulated. Additionally, the expression of M1-type surface marker CD11c decreased. Nevertheless, the M2-type marker CD206 increased; and the levels of inflammatory signalling proteins phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (p-STAT)1 and p-STAT6 were attenuated and enhanced, respectively. Conclusions Our study suggests that luteolin may transform BMDM polarity through p-STAT1/6 to regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators, thereby inhibiting inflammation. Naturally occurring luteolin holds promise as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhang Xu
- Research Center of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Research Center of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaoming Yao
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Research Center of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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38
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Jennings-Almeida B, Castelpoggi JP, Ramos-Junior ES, Ferreira EDO, Domingues RMCP, Echevarria-Lima J, Coutinho-Silva R, Moreira-Souza ACA, Mariño E, Mackay CR, Zamboni DS, Bellio M, Scharfstein J, Lobo LA, Oliveira AC. Dietary Fiber Drives IL-1β-Dependent Peritonitis Induced by Bacteroides fragilis via Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2441-2452. [PMID: 33941658 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier is essential for dietary products and microbiota compartmentalization and therefore gut homeostasis. When this barrier is broken, cecal content overflows into the peritoneal cavity, leading to local and systemic robust inflammatory response, characterizing peritonitis and sepsis. It has been shown that IL-1β contributes with inflammatory storm during peritonitis and sepsis and its inhibition has beneficial effects to the host. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying IL-1β secretion using a widely adopted murine model of experimental peritonitis. The combined injection of sterile cecal content (SCC) and the gut commensal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis leads to IL-1β-dependent peritonitis, which was mitigated in mice deficient in NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome components. Typically acting as a damage signal, SCC, but not B. fragilis, activates canonical pathway of NLRP3 promoting IL-1β secretion in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, absence of fiber in the SCC drastically reduces IL-1β production, whereas high-fiber SCC conversely increases this response in an NLRP3-dependent manner. In addition, NLRP3 was also required for IL-1β production induced by purified dietary fiber in primed macrophages. Extending to the in vivo context, IL-1β-dependent peritonitis was worsened in mice injected with B. fragilis and high-fiber SCC, whereas zero-fiber SCC ameliorates the pathology. Corroborating with the proinflammatory role of dietary fiber, IL-1R-deficient mice were protected from peritonitis induced by B. fragilis and particulate bran. Overall, our study highlights a function, previously unknown, for dietary fibers in fueling peritonitis through NLRP3 activation and IL-1β secretion outside the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Jennings-Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Castelpoggi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erivan S Ramos-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dental College of Georgia, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta GA
| | | | - Regina M C P Domingues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Echevarria-Lima
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline C A Moreira-Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Bellio
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Scharfstein
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Lobo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Singh TP, Natraj BH. Next-generation probiotics: a promising approach towards designing personalized medicine. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:479-498. [PMID: 33822669 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1902940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Second brain, forgotten organ, individual's identity card, and host's fingerprint are the few collective terms that are often used to describe the gut microbiome because of its variability, accountability, and its role in deciding the host's health. Also, the understanding of this host health-gut microbiota relationship can create an opportunity to control an individual's health by manipulating the gut microbiota composition. Several approaches like administration of probiotic, prebiotics, synbiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation have been tried to mitigate the dysbiosis originated ill effects. But the effects of these approaches are highly generic and non-specific. This creates the necessity to design personalized medicine that focuses on treatment of specific disease considering the individual specific gut microbiome. The health promoting commensals could be the new promising prophylactic and therapeutic agents for designing personalized medicine. These commensals are designated as next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and their unusual characteristics, unknown identity and special growth requirements have presented difficulties for researcher, industrial exploitation, and regulatory agencies. In this perspective, this review discusses the concept of NGPs, NGP candidates as tool for designing personalized medicine, designer probiotics as NGPs, required regulatory framework, and propose a road map to develop the NGP based product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Singh
- Dairy Microbiology Department, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
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40
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Zheng L, Luo M, Kuang G, Liu Y, Liang D, Huang H, Yi X, Wang C, Wang Y, Xie Q, Zhi F. Capsular Polysaccharide From Bacteroides fragilis Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis in an Undegraded Form. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:570476. [PMID: 33364945 PMCID: PMC7751226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.570476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominent human symbiont Bacteroides fragilis protects animals from intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and its capsular polysaccharide plays a key role in reducing inflammation. B. fragilis strain ZY-312 was isolated from the feces of a healthy breast-fed infant, and the zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide zwitterionic polysaccharide, TP2, was extracted. In rats with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced enteritis, TP2 at an optimal dose of 2.5 mg/kg could significantly alleviate enteritis and reduced the degree of intestinal adhesions, the intestinal ulcer area, and the incidence of ulcers in rats. To understand the underlying mechanism, TP2 was labeled with Fluorescein isothiocyanate and orally administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg in rats. TP2 was mainly distributed in the cecum and colorectum, but it was not detected in the blood and other organs except that a compound with a molecular weight greater than that of TP2-FITC was found in liver tissue. During the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, TP2 was indigestible. These results were further confirmed by investigation in the simulated gastric, intestinal fluid, and colonic fluid with fecal microbiota in vitro, where TP2 remained unaltered at different time points. Furthermore, flora composition was analyzed in simulated colonic fluid with TP2 added and it was found that TP2 increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Enterococcus romboutsia, and Ruminococcaceae, whereas the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria represented by Sutterella, Desulfovibrio, and Enterobacteriaceae was decreased. However, the amount of short-chain fatty acids in the simulated colonic fluid was not changed by intestinal flora post-TP2 addition. In conclusion, these findings confirmed that TP2, a capsular polysaccharide of B. fragilis, protects against ulcerative colitis in an undegraded form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaobo Kuang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Debao Liang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Huang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yi
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Congfeng Wang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cho HW, Rhee KJ, Eom YB. Zerumbone Restores Gut Microbiota Composition in ETBF Colonized AOM/DSS Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1640-1650. [PMID: 32958727 PMCID: PMC9728371 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2006.06034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Many studies have analyzed compositions of gut microbiota associated with various diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. One of the most representative bacteria involved in CRC is enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), a species belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes. We used ETBF colonized mice with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and zerumbone, a compound with anti-bacterial effect, to determine whether zerumbone could restore intestinal microbiota composition. Four experimental groups of mice were used: sham, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group zerumbone 60 mg kg-1 (ETBF/AOM/ DSS + Z (60)), and only zerumbone (60 mg kg-1)-treated group. We performed reversible dye terminators-based analysis of 16S rRNA gene region V3-V4 for group comparison. Microbiota compositions of ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group and ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group not given zerumbone were significantly different. There were more Bacteroides in ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group than those in ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, suggesting that B. fragilis could be a normal flora activated by zerumbone. In addition, based on linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) analysis, microbial diversity decreased significantly in the ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group. However, after given zerumbone, the taxonomic relative abundance was increased. These findings suggest that zerumbone not only influenced the microbial diversity and richness, but also could be helpful for enhancing the balance of gut microbial composition. In this work, we demonstrate that zerumbone could restore the composition of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Cho
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 3538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju, Wonju, 6493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 3538, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 158, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-530-3039 Fax: +82-41-530-3085 E-mail:
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Wei YX, Dong SM, Wang YY, Zhang P, Sun MY, Wei YX, Meng XC, Wang Y. Autophagy participates in the protection role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in acute myocardial infarction via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:394-403. [PMID: 33146448 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); thus we aimed to explore improvement effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) on the AMI and its potential mechanism. AMI models were constructed using male C57/BL6J mice and randomly treated with normal saline or VD3, using sham rats as control. Heart functions, myocardial damage, apoptosis, and inflammation were evaluated. Cardiomyocytes isolated from 3-day-old suckling mice were used for in vitro verification. After VD3 treatment, AMI-induced cardiac dysfunction was reversed with better cardiac function parameters. VD3 treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial infarction area accompanied by the reduction of inflammatory factors and myocardial infarction markers compared with the AMI group. VD3 treatment obviously alleviated AMI-induced myocardial apoptosis, along with Bcl-2 upregulation and downregulation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that VD3 enhanced the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 and decreased soluble p62. Furthermore, VD3 enhanced the AMI-caused inhibition of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression, which was conversely reversed by the addition of 3-methyladenine in vitro. The study highlights the improvement effects of VD3 on cardiac functions. We proposed a potential mechanism that VD3 protects against myocardial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis by promoting autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shi-Min Dong
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xian-Ce Meng
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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43
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Satora M, Magdziarz M, Rząsa A, Rypuła K, Płoneczka-Janeczko K. Insight into the intestinal microbiome of farrowing sows following the administration of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic bacteria cultures under farming conditions. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:442. [PMID: 33187511 PMCID: PMC7666521 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the tendency to reduce antibiotic use in humans and animals, more attention is paid to feed additives as their replacement. Crucial role of feed additives is to improve the health status, production efficiency and performance. In this original research, we estimate the potential influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic formula including Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal microbiota of sows, using the next generation sequencing method (NGS). Results Our results indicate that the overall species richness as well as the composition of swine gut microbiota may be shaped by regular feeding with supplemented additives. On the Family and Genus level both additives (garlic extract and probiotics) seem to decrease microbiome diversity and richness. However, when it comes to garlic supplementation, we found the opposite trend on the Species level. Conclusions The analysis of the selected microbial function indicates that both additives used in this study (garlic extract and composition of probiotics) seem to create a greater metabolic potential than estimated in a control group of sows. A general trend of losing or decreasing members of pathogenic species in the swine microbiome seems to occur in relation to both supplemented additives. In the prevention of some bacterial diseases supplemented additives could be considered for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Satora
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Magdziarz
- Hugo Steinhaus Center, Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Rząsa
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rypuła
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Płoneczka-Janeczko
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław, Poland.
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Wang B, Wu Y, Liu R, Xu H, Mei X, Shang Q, Liu S, Yu D, Li W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG promotes M1 polarization in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages by activating TLR2/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13439. [PMID: 32779289 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is increasingly applied in functional food products and acts as a probiotic model in nutritious and clinical studies. Increasing evidences have revealed the immune modulation of LGG on macrophages. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of LGG on macrophage polarization of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs were treated with 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml LGG for 1.5, 3, and 6 hr. Results showed that LGG obviously upregulated the mRNA expression of M1-associated cytokines (p < .05), including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas had no effect on the expression of M2-associated markers (p > .05), including arginase 1 (Arg1), mannose receptor, and chitinase-like protein 3 (YM1). Furthermore, LGG markedly increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p40, cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], and interferon-γ [IFN-γ]) (p < .05) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]) (p < .05). In addition, we also found that TLR2/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway was required for LGG-induced M1 macrophage polarization and M1-related cytokines expression. Together, these findings demonstrate that probiotic LGG facilitates M1 polarization of BMDMs, suggesting that LGG may have an immunotherapeutic potential in regulating the host defense against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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45
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Lin B, Wang Y, Zhang P, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Chen G. Gut microbiota regulates neuropathic pain: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:103. [PMID: 32807072 PMCID: PMC7433133 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a sustained and nonreversible condition characterized by long-term devastating physical and psychological damage. Therefore, it is urgent to identify an effective treatment for NP. Unfortunately, the precise pathogenesis of NP has not been elucidated. Currently, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has drawn increasing attention, and the emerging role of gut microbiota is investigated in numerous diseases including NP. Gut microbiota is considered as a pivotal regulator in immune, neural, endocrine, and metabolic signaling pathways, which participates in forming a complex network to affect the development of NP directly or indirectly. In this review, we conclude the current understanding of preclinical and clinical findings regarding the role of gut microbiota in NP and provide a novel therapeutic method for pain relief by medication and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China.
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46
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Vernay T, Cannie I, Gaboriau F, Gall SDL, Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Burel A, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Loréal O, Bousarghin L. Bacteroides fragilis prevents Salmonella Heidelberg translocation in co-culture model mimicking intestinal epithelium. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:391-401. [PMID: 32720833 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Heidelberg is one of the most common serovar causing foodborne illnesses. To limit the development of digestive bacterial infection, food supplements containing probiotic bacteria can be proposed. Commensal non-toxigenic Bacteroides fragilis has recently been suggested as a next-generation probiotic candidate. By using an original triple co-culture model including Caco-2 cells (representing human enterocytes), HT29-MTX (representing mucus-secreting goblet cells), and M cells differentiated from Caco-2 by addition of Raji B lymphocytes, bacterial translocation was evaluated. The data showed that S. Heidelberg could translocate in the triple co-culture model with high efficiency, whereas for B. fragilis a weak translocation was obtained. When cells were exposed to both bacteria, S. Heidelberg translocation was inhibited. The cell-free supernatant of B. fragilis also inhibited S. Heidelberg translocation without impacting epithelial barrier integrity. This supernatant did not affect the growth of S. Heidelberg. The non-toxigenic B. fragilis confers health benefits to the host by reducting bacterial translocation. These results suggested that the multicellular model provides an efficient in vitro model to evaluate the translocation of pathogens and to screen for probiotics that have a potential inhibitory effect on this translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vernay
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - I Cannie
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - F Gaboriau
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - S David-Le Gall
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Z Tamanai-Shacoori
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - A Burel
- Plateforme microscopie électronique MRic/ISFR Biosit/campus Santé, Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Jolivet-Gougeon
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - O Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - L Bousarghin
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
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Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lee YK, Zhai Q, Chen W. Roles of intestinal bacteroides in human health and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3518-3536. [PMID: 32757948 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1802695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides, an abundant genus in the intestines of mammals, has been recently considered as the next generation probiotics (NGP) candidate due to its potential role in promoting host health. However, the role of Bacteroides in the development of intestinal dysfunctions such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer should not be overlooked. In the present study, we focused on nine most widely occurred and abundant Bacteroides species and discussed their roles in host immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism and the prevention or induction of diseases. Besides, we also discussed the current methods used in the safety evaluation of Bacteroides species and key opinions about the concerns of these strains for the future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Research Institute, Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine, Wuxi, China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
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Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to harm and kill their competitors, including chemical, mechanical and biological weapons. Here we review the incredible diversity of bacterial weapon systems, which comprise antibiotics, toxic proteins, mechanical weapons that stab and pierce, viruses, and more. The evolution of bacterial weapons is shaped by many factors, including cell density and nutrient abundance, and how strains are arranged in space. Bacteria also employ a diverse range of combat behaviours, including pre-emptive attacks, suicidal attacks, and reciprocation (tit-for-tat). However, why bacteria carry so many weapons, and why they are so often used, remains poorly understood. By comparison with animals, we argue that the way that bacteria live - often in dense and genetically diverse communities - is likely to be key to their aggression as it encourages them to dig in and fight alongside their clonemates. The intensity of bacterial aggression is such that it can strongly affect communities, via complex coevolutionary and eco-evolutionary dynamics, which influence species over space and time. Bacterial warfare is a fascinating topic for ecology and evolution, as well as one of increasing relevance. Understanding how bacteria win wars is important for the goal of manipulating the human microbiome and other important microbial systems.
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Gómez del Pulgar EM, Benítez-Páez A, Sanz Y. Safety Assessment of Bacteroides Uniformis CECT 7771, a Symbiont of the Gut Microbiota in Infants. Nutrients 2020; 12:E551. [PMID: 32093252 PMCID: PMC7071458 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation of next-generation probiotics requires competent preclinical studies to show their efficacy and safety status. This study aims to confirm the safety of the prolonged oral use of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771, a strain that protected against metabolic disorders and obesity in preclinical trials, in a sub-chronic 90 day trial in animals. The safety assessment was conducted in male and female Wistar rats (n = 50) administered increasing doses (108 CFU/day, 109 CFU/day, or 1010 CFU/day) of B. uniformis CECT 7771, 1010 CFU/day of B. longum ATCC 15707T, which complies with the qualifying presumption of safety (QPS) status of the EU, or vehicle (placebo), as the control. Pancreatic, liver, and kidney functions and cytokine concentrations were analyzed. Bacterial translocation to peripheral tissues was evaluated, and colon integrity was investigated histologically. No adverse metabolic or tissue integrity alterations were associated with treatments; however, alanine aminotransferase levels and the ratio of anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum indicated a potentially beneficial role of B. uniformis CECT 7771 at specific doses. Additionally, the microbial community structure was modified by the interventions, and potentially beneficial gut bacteria were increased. The results indicated that the oral consumption of B. uniformis CECT 7771 during a sub-chronic 90 day study in rats did not raise safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
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50
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Zhu GH, Sang YT, Li J. Role and significance of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating gastrointestinal microecology to prevent and treat gastrointestinal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:1-8. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that gastrointestinal microecology is closely related to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal cancers and anti-tumor treatment efficacy, so effective regulation of gastrointestinal microecology plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Traditional Chinese medicine, adopting oral administration, can directly regulate gastrointestinal microecology. Traditional Chinese medicine can improve the precancerous condition and enhance the clinical efficacy of anti-tumor treatment via multiple mechanisms, such as improving the microecological structure of the gastrointestinal tract, protecting the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, preventing the translocation of the flora, and enhancing the immune function of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Some research has shown that the imbalance of gastrointestinal microecology is closely related to spleen deficiency syndrome and damp-heat syndrome. The therapeutic principles of traditional Chinese medicine can be Jianpi Hewei and Qingre Qushi following the concept of "combination of disease and syndrome". It is of great significance to prevent and cure gastrointestinal tumors from a new perspective of regulating intestinal microecology. We hope of providing new strategies for the anti-tumor research of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi-Ting Sang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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