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Jha D, Bakker ENTP, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3574-3598. [PMID: 36802053 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Several pathological hallmarks have been identified, including neuroinflammation. A comprehensive insight into the underlying mechanisms that can fuel the development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary because of the alarmingly rapid increase in the frequency of incidence. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as a critical mediator of neuroinflammation. Activation of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, impaired autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, these cytokines can promote neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It is well established that genetic or pharmacological ablation of NLRP3 alleviates AD-related pathological features in in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, several synthetic and natural compounds have been identified that exhibit the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviate AD-associated pathology. The current review article will highlight the various mechanisms by which activation of NLRP3 inflammation occurs during Alzheimer's disease, and how it influences neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Moreover, we will summarise the different small molecules that possess the potential to inhibit NLRP3 and can pave the path for developing novel therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanshree Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Nabe-Nielsen K, Garde AH, Gyntelberg F, Hansen ÅM, Prescott E, Laursen P, Holtermann A. Effects of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity on the Risk of Dementia: Results From the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14730. [PMID: 39318056 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) decreases the risk of dementia, whereas occupational physical activity (OPA) possibly increases the risk. Yet, previous findings are mixed. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of LTPA and OPA, respectively, on dementia among men and women. In this observational, longitudinal study, we used data from the second wave of a population-based cohort from the municipality of Copenhagen as baseline. Data were collected in 1981-1983, and 10 343 participants were followed until the end of 2016. LTPA and OPA were self-reported, and information on dementia diagnoses and redemption of dementia medication was obtained at an individual level from national health registers. We used Poisson regression to analyze the association between LTPA/OPA and dementia and adjusted for self-reported age, socioeconomic factors, stress, and cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and blood pressure). A higher level of LTPA was associated with a lower dementia risk among men, but we found no clear association among women. OPA and dementia were not associated among men, but occupationally active women who reported OPA in terms of walking, lifting, and heavy work had a higher risk of dementia than women with sedentary jobs. This study supported earlier findings of a protective effect of LTPA on dementia among men. Women in physically demanding jobs possibly have a higher risk of dementia, yet this finding warrants further investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nabe-Nielsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A H Garde
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - F Gyntelberg
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Å M Hansen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - E Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Laursen
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Wang L, Yang R, Sha Z, Kuraszkiewicz AM, Leonik C, Zhou L, Marshall GA. Assessing Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline Using Electronic Health Record Data: A Scoping Review. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4671544. [PMID: 39149490 PMCID: PMC11326370 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4671544/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Background The data and information contained within electronic health records (EHR) provide a rich, diverse, longitudinal view of real-world patient histories, offering valuable opportunities to study antecedent risk factors for cognitive decline. However, the extent to which such records' data have been utilized to elucidate the risk factors of cognitive decline remains unclear. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA guideline, examining articles published between January 2010 and April 2023, from PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria focused on studies using EHR to investigate risk factors for cognitive decline. Each article was screened by at least two reviewers. Data elements were manually extracted based on a predefined schema. The studied risk factors were classified into categories, and a research gap was identified. Results From 1,593 articles identified, 80 were selected. The majority (87.5%) were retrospective cohort studies, with 66.3% using datasets of over 10,000 patients, predominantly from the US or UK. Analysis showed that 48.8% of studies addressed medical conditions, 31.3% focused on medical interventions, and 17.5% on lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors. Most studies on medical conditions were linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline, whereas medical interventions addressing these conditions often reduced the risk. Conclusions EHR data significantly enhanced our understanding of medical conditions, interventions, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors related to the risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhou
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
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4
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Kumar D, Sinha SN, Vasudev K, K RK, Balaji G, Mungamuri SK, Validandi V. Biomonitoring of pesticide exposure and its health implications in agricultural areas of Telangana, India: A brief data report. Data Brief 2024; 55:110632. [PMID: 39040553 PMCID: PMC11261053 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The dataset represent the results of a cross-sectional study conducted in Telangana, India, to investigate the effects of pesticide exposure in agricultural regions. This study includes 341 pesticides exposed participants and 152 controls in three districts of Telangana including 15 farming villages. Blood and urine samples were analysed to determine various pesticide concentrations present in blood including organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids group of pesticides, and six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, including dimethyl phosphate (DMP), diethyl phosphate (DEP), dimethyl thiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) were analysed in urine samples.In addition the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured using advanced analytical methods. The data provide information on pesticide profiles, exposure biomarkers and the relationship between exposure duration and AChE activity. These study results emphasise the importance and addressing pesticide-related health problems in farmers for proactive measures to mitigate the harmful effects of pesticide exposure in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileshwar Kumar
- Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Department of Biochemistry Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sukesh Narayan Sinha
- Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kasturi Vasudev
- Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar K
- Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Gouda Balaji
- Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Mungamuri
- Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vakdevi Validandi
- Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Isei MO, Crockett M, Chen E, Rodwell-Bullock J, Caroll T, Girardi PA, Nehrke K, Johnson GVW. Tau phosphorylation suppresses oxidative stress-induced mitophagy via FKBP8 receptor modulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.602170. [PMID: 39026868 PMCID: PMC11257429 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are often characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. In Alzheimer's disease, abnormal tau phosphorylation disrupts mitophagy, a quality control process through which damaged organelles are selectively removed from the mitochondrial network. The precise mechanism through which this occurs remains unclear. Previously, we showed that tau which has been mutated at Thr-231 to glutamic acid to mimic an Alzheimer's-relevant phospho-epitope expressed early in disease selectively inhibits oxidative stress-induced mitophagy in C. elegans. Here, we use immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell lines to extend that result into mammalian cells. Specifically, we show that phosphomimetic tau at Ser-396/404 (EC) or Thr-231/Ser-235 (EM) partly inhibits mitophagy induction by paraquat, a potent inducer of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Moreover, a combination of immunologic and biochemical approaches demonstrates that the levels of the mitophagy receptor FKBP8, significantly decrease in response to paraquat in cells expressing EC or EM tau mutants, but not in cells expressing wildtype tau. In contrast, paraquat treatment results in a decrease in the levels of the mitophagy receptors FUNDC1 and BNIP3 in the presence of both wildtype tau and the tau mutants. Interestingly, FKBP8 is normally trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum during oxidative stress induced mitophagy, and our results support a model where this trafficking is impacted by disease-relevant tau, perhaps through a direct interaction. We provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease and highlight FKBP8 receptor as a potential target for mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Meredith Crockett
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Emily Chen
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Joel Rodwell-Bullock
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Trae Caroll
- University of Rochester, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter A Girardi
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Keith Nehrke
- University of Rochester, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gail VW Johnson
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
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Nazzi C, Avenanti A, Battaglia S. The Involvement of Antioxidants in Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration: Mens Sana in Corpore Sano. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:701. [PMID: 38929140 PMCID: PMC11200558 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With neurodegenerative disorders being on the rise, a great deal of research from multiple fields is being conducted in order to further knowledge and propose novel therapeutic interventions. Among these investigations, research on the role of antioxidants in contrasting cognitive decline is putting forward interesting and promising results. In this review, we aim to collect evidence that focused on the role of a variety of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich foods in improving or stabilizing cognitive functions, memory, and Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Specifically, we considered evidence collected on humans, either through longitudinal studies or randomized, placebo-controlled ones, which evaluated cognitive performance, memory abilities, or the progression level of neurodegeneration. Overall, despite a great deal of variety between study protocols, cohorts of participants involved, neuropsychological tests used, and investigated antioxidants, there is a solid trend that suggests that the properties of antioxidants may be helpful in hampering cognitive decline in older people. Thus, the help of future research that will further elucidate the role of antioxidants in neuroprotection will lead to the development of novel interventions that will take into account such findings to provide a more global approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10134 Torino, Italy;
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10134 Torino, Italy;
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
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Mesmar F, Muhsen M, Farooq I, Maxey G, Tourigny JP, Tennessen J, Bondesson M. Exposure to the pesticide tefluthrin causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596249. [PMID: 38854095 PMCID: PMC11160659 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticide tefluthrin is widely used in agriculture, resulting in widespread pollution. Tefluthrin is a type I pyrethroid characterized by its high persistence in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of tefluthrin will improve its risk assessment. OBJECTIVES We aimed to decipher the molecular modes of action of tefluthrin. METHODS Phenotypic developmental toxicity was assessed by exposing zebrafish embryos and larvae to increasing concentrations of tefluthrin. Tg(mnx:mGFP) line was used to assess neurotoxicity. Multi-omics approaches including transcriptomics and lipidomics were applied to analyze RNA and lipid contents, respectively. Finally, an in-silico ligand-protein docking computational method was used to study a possible interaction between tefluthrin and a protein target. RESULTS Tefluthrin exposure caused severe morphological malformations in zebrafish larvae, including motor neuron abnormalities. The differentially expressed genes were associated with neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption. Lipidomics analysis revealed a disruption in fatty acid, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid recycling. Protein docking modeling suggested that the LPCAT3 enzyme, which recycles lysophospholipids in the Land's cycle, directly interacts with tefluthrin. CONCLUSIONS Tefluthrin exposure causes morphological and neuronal malformations in zebrafish larvae at nanomolar concentrations. Multi-omics results revealed a potential molecular initiating event i.e., inhibition of LPCAT3, and key events i.e., an altered lysophospholipid to phospholipid ratio, leading to the adverse outcomes of neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption.
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Tan LY, Cunliffe G, Hogan MP, Yeo XY, Oh C, Jin B, Kang J, Park J, Kwon MS, Kim M, Jung S. Emergence of the brain-border immune niches and their contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380063. [PMID: 38863704 PMCID: PMC11165048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, the central nervous system (CNS) was regarded as 'immune-privileged', possessing its own distinct immune cell population. This immune privilege was thought to be established by a tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier (BCSFB), which prevented the crossing of peripheral immune cells and their secreted factors into the CNS parenchyma. However, recent studies have revealed the presence of peripheral immune cells in proximity to various brain-border niches such as the choroid plexus, cranial bone marrow (CBM), meninges, and perivascular spaces. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that peripheral immune cells may be able to infiltrate the brain through these sites and play significant roles in driving neuronal cell death and pathology progression in neurodegenerative disease. Thus, in this review, we explore how the brain-border immune niches may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). We then discuss several emerging options for harnessing the neuroimmune potential of these niches to improve the prognosis and treatment of these debilitative disorders using novel insights from recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Cunliffe
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Patrick Hogan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Yi Yeo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chansik Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Kang
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Hughes S, Hessel EVS. Zebrafish and nematodes as whole organism models to measure developmental neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:330-343. [PMID: 38832580 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2342448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing epidemiological evidence of an association between toxin exposure and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), systematic testing of DNT is not mandatory in international regulations for admission of pharmaceuticals or industrial chemicals. However, to date around 200 compounds, ranging from pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, have been tested for DNT in the current OECD test guidelines (TG-443 or TG-426). There are calls for the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for DNT, which has resulted in a DNT testing battery using in vitro human cell-based assays. These assays provide a means to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of toxicity in humans which is lacking in animal-based toxicity tests. However, cell-based assays do not represent all steps of the complex process leading to DNT. Validated models with a multi-organ network of pathways that interact at the molecular, cellular and tissue level at very specific timepoints in a life cycle are currently missing. Consequently, whole model organisms are being developed to screen for, and causally link, new molecular targets of DNT compounds and how they affect whole brain development and neurobehavioral endpoints. Given the practical and ethical restraints associated with vertebrate testing, lower animal models that qualify as 3 R (reduce, refine and replace) models, including the nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) will prove particularly valuable for unravelling toxicity pathways leading to DNT. Although not as complex as the human brain, these 3 R-models develop a complete functioning brain with numerous neurodevelopmental processes overlapping with human brain development. Importantly, the main signalling pathways relating to (neuro)development, metabolism and growth are highly conserved in these models. We propose the use of whole model organisms specifically zebrafish and C. elegans for DNT relevant endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hughes
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Jaylet T, Coustillet T, Smith NM, Viviani B, Lindeman B, Vergauwen L, Myhre O, Yarar N, Gostner JM, Monfort-Lanzas P, Jornod F, Holbech H, Coumoul X, Sarigiannis DA, Antczak P, Bal-Price A, Fritsche E, Kuchovska E, Stratidakis AK, Barouki R, Kim MJ, Taboureau O, Wojewodzic MW, Knapen D, Audouze K. Comprehensive mapping of the AOP-Wiki database: identifying biological and disease gaps. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1285768. [PMID: 38523647 PMCID: PMC10958381 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1285768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept facilitates rapid hazard assessment for human health risks. AOPs are constantly evolving, their number is growing, and they are referenced in the AOP-Wiki database, which is supported by the OECD. Here, we present a study that aims at identifying well-defined biological areas, as well as gaps within the AOP-Wiki for future research needs. It does not intend to provide a systematic and comprehensive summary of the available literature on AOPs but summarizes and maps biological knowledge and diseases represented by the already developed AOPs (with OECD endorsed status or under validation). Methods: Knowledge from the AOP-Wiki database were extracted and prepared for analysis using a multi-step procedure. An automatic mapping of the existing information on AOPs (i.e., genes/proteins and diseases) was performed using bioinformatics tools (i.e., overrepresentation analysis using Gene Ontology and DisGeNET), allowing both the classification of AOPs and the development of AOP networks (AOPN). Results: AOPs related to diseases of the genitourinary system, neoplasms and developmental anomalies are the most frequently investigated on the AOP-Wiki. An evaluation of the three priority cases (i.e., immunotoxicity and non-genotoxic carcinogenesis, endocrine and metabolic disruption, and developmental and adult neurotoxicity) of the EU-funded PARC project (Partnership for the Risk Assessment of Chemicals) are presented. These were used to highlight under- and over-represented adverse outcomes and to identify and prioritize gaps for further research. Discussion: These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the adverse effects associated with the molecular events in AOPs, and aid in refining risk assessment for stressors and mitigation strategies. Moreover, the FAIRness (i.e., data which meets principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR)) of the AOPs appears to be an important consideration for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jaylet
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1124 T3S, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicola M. Smith
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nurettin Yarar
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pablo Monfort-Lanzas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1124 T3S, Paris, France
| | - Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Science, Technology and Society Department, Environmental Health Engineering, University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, Switzerland
- DNTOX GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eliska Kuchovska
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonios K. Stratidakis
- Science, Technology and Society Department, Environmental Health Engineering, University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1124 T3S, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Taboureau
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, Team CMPLI, Inserm U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Marcin W. Wojewodzic
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environment, Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, NIPH, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1124 T3S, Paris, France
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Petit P, Gondard E, Gandon G, Moreaud O, Sauvée M, Bonneterre V. Agricultural activities and risk of Alzheimer's disease: the TRACTOR project, a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:271-287. [PMID: 38195954 PMCID: PMC10995077 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Data regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence in farming populations is lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether, among the entire French farm manager (FM) workforce, certain agricultural activities are more strongly associated with AD than others, using nationwide data from the TRACTOR (Tracking and monitoring occupational risks in agriculture) project. Administrative health insurance data (digital electronic health/medical records and insurance claims) for the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002-2016, on the entire mainland France were used to estimate the risk of AD for 26 agricultural activities with Cox proportional hazards model. For each analysis (one for each activity), the exposed group included all FMs that performed the activity of interest (e.g. crop farming), while the reference group included all FMs who did not carry out the activity of interest (e.g. FMs that never farmed crops between 2002 and 2016). There were 5067 cases among 1,036,069 FMs who worked at least one year between 2002 and 2016. Analyses showed higher risks of AD for crop farming (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.72 [3.47-3.98]), viticulture (HR = 1.29 [1.18-1.42]), and fruit arboriculture (HR = 1.36 [1.15-1.62]). By contrast, lower risks of AD were found for several animal farming types, in particular for poultry and rabbit farming (HR = 0.29 [0.20-0.44]), ovine and caprine farming (HR = 0.50 [0.41-0.61]), mixed dairy and cow farming (HR = 0.46 [0.37-0.57]), dairy farming (HR = 0.67 [0.61-0.73]), and pig farming (HR = 0.30 [0.18-0.52]). This study shed some light on the association between a wide range of agricultural activities and AD in the entire French FMs population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Petit
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- AGEIS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Elise Gondard
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gérald Gandon
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Moreaud
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, UMR 5105, CNRS, LPNC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, UMR 5105, CNRS, LPNC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Chen A, Li Q, Huang Y, Li Y, Chuang YN, Hu X, Guo S, Wu Y, Guo Y, Bian J. Feasibility of Identifying Factors Related to Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia in Real-World Data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.10.24302621. [PMID: 38405723 PMCID: PMC10889002 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.24302621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive view of factors associated with AD/ADRD will significantly aid in studies to develop new treatments for AD/ADRD and identify high-risk populations and patients for prevention efforts. In our study, we summarized the risk factors for AD/ADRD by reviewing existing meta-analyses and review articles on risk and preventive factors for AD/ADRD. In total, we extracted 477 risk factors in 10 categories from 537 studies. We constructed an interactive knowledge map to disseminate our study results. Most of the risk factors are accessible from structured Electronic Health Records (EHRs), and clinical narratives show promise as information sources. However, evaluating genomic risk factors using RWD remains a challenge, as genetic testing for AD/ADRD is still not a common practice and is poorly documented in both structured and unstructured EHRs. Considering the constantly evolving research on AD/ADRD risk factors, literature mining via NLP methods offers a solution to automatically update our knowledge map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aokun Chen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yongqiu Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yu-Neng Chuang
- Department of Computer Science, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Computer Science, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005
| | - Serena Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Rosenau C, Köhler S, van Boxtel M, Tange H, Deckers K. Validation of the Updated "LIfestyle for BRAin health" (LIBRA) Index in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Maastricht Aging Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 101:1237-1248. [PMID: 39302374 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The "LIfestyle for BRAin health" (LIBRA) index was recently updated with three new modifiable factors: hearing impairment, social contact, and sleep (LIBRA2), but has not yet been validated. Objective Comparison of the performance of both LIBRA versions in predicting dementia risk. Methods Longitudinal data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS) were used. The weighted LIBRA (11/12 factors available) and LIBRA2 (14/15 factors available) scores were calculated, with higher scores representing an unhealthier lifestyle. Dementia diagnoses were based on self- or informant reported physician diagnosis, an informant-based cognitive screening tool, registry data or test data. Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the association between LIBRA(2) scores and dementia risk. Model fit and predictive accuracy were determined using the Akaike information criterion and Harrell's C index. Results Over an average follow-up of 8.3 years in ELSA and 17.9 years in MAAS, 346 (4.6%) and 120 (8.5%) individuals developed dementia, respectively. In ELSA, a one-point increase in LIBRA2 was associated with an 8% (1.06-1.11) higher dementia risk (LIBRA: 13%, 1.09-1.16). In MAAS, a one-point increase in LIBRA2 was associated with a 6% (1.01-1.12) higher dementia risk (LIBRA: 8%, 0.99-1.16). In ELSA, LIBRA (Harrell's C = 0.68) and LIBRA2 (Harrell's C = 0.67) performed similarly. In MAAS, LIBRA2 (Harrell's C = 0.62) performed better compared to LIBRA (Harrell's C = 0.52). Conclusions LIBRA2 is a better model for identifying individuals at increased dementia risk and for public health initiatives aimed at dementia risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Rosenau
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Boxtel
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert Tange
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kay Deckers
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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He SY, Su WM, Wen XJ, Lu SJ, Cao B, Yan B, Chen YP. Non-Genetic Risk Factors of Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Umbrella Review. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:917-927. [PMID: 39044503 PMCID: PMC11266231 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intricate genetic and environmental etiology. The objective of this study was to identify robust non-genetic risk factors for AD through an updated umbrella review. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of meta-analyses and systematic reviews on non-genetic risk factors associated with AD in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Ovid Medline up to June 30, 2023. After collecting data, we estimated the summary effect size and their 95% confidence intervals. The degree of heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 statistics and a 95% prediction interval was determined. Additionally, we evaluated potential excess significant bias and small study effects within the selected candidate studies. RESULTS The umbrella review encompassed a total of 53 eligible papers, which included 84 meta-analyses covering various factors such as lifestyle, diet, environmental exposures, comorbidity or infections, drugs, and biomarkers. Based on the evidence classification criteria employed in this study, two factors as convincing evidence (Class I), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), potentially reduced the risk of AD, but diabetes significantly increased the risk of AD. Furthermore, three factors as highly suggestive evidence (Class II), namely depression, high homocysteine, and low folic acid level, potentially increased the risk of AD. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight several risk factors associated with AD that warrant consideration as potential targets for intervention. However, it is crucial to prioritize the identified modifiable risk factors, namely rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, depression, elevated homocysteine levels, and low folic acid levels to effectively address this complex neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.-Y. He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China
| | - W.-M. Su
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China
| | - X.-J. Wen
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China
| | - S.-J. Lu
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Mental Health Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610036 China
| | - B. Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 China
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15
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Udomkun P, Boonupara T, Sumitsawan S, Khan E, Pongpichan S, Kajitvichyanukul P. Airborne Pesticides-Deep Diving into Sampling and Analysis. TOXICS 2023; 11:883. [PMID: 37999535 PMCID: PMC10674914 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The escalating utilization of pesticides has led to pronounced environmental contamination, posing a significant threat to agroecosystems. The extensive and persistent global application of these chemicals has been linked to a spectrum of acute and chronic human health concerns. This review paper focuses on the concentrations of airborne pesticides in both indoor and outdoor environments. The collection of diverse pesticide compounds from the atmosphere is examined, with a particular emphasis on active and passive air sampling techniques. Furthermore, a critical evaluation is conducted on the methodologies employed for the extraction and subsequent quantification of airborne pesticides. This analysis takes into consideration the complexities involved in ensuring accurate measurements, highlighting the advancements and limitations of current practices. By synthesizing these aspects, this review aims to foster a more comprehensive and informed comprehension of the intricate dynamics related to the presence and measurement of airborne pesticides. This, in turn, is poised to significantly contribute to the refinement of environmental monitoring strategies and the augmentation of precise risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Sulak Sumitsawan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA;
| | - Siwatt Pongpichan
- NIDA Center for Research and Development of Disaster Prevention and Management, Graduate School of Social Development and Management Strategy, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
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16
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Boonupara T, Udomkun P, Khan E, Kajitvichyanukul P. Airborne Pesticides from Agricultural Practices: A Critical Review of Pathways, Influencing Factors, and Human Health Implications. TOXICS 2023; 11:858. [PMID: 37888709 PMCID: PMC10611335 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This critical review examines the release of pesticides from agricultural practices into the air, with a focus on volatilization, and the factors influencing their dispersion. The review delves into the effects of airborne pesticides on human health and their contribution to anthropogenic air pollution. It highlights the necessity of interdisciplinary research encompassing science, technology, public policy, and agricultural practices to effectively mitigate the risks associated with pesticide volatilization and spray dispersion. The text acknowledges the need for more research to understand the fate and transport of airborne pesticides, develop innovative application technologies, improve predictive modeling and risk assessment, and adopt sustainable pest management strategies. Robust policies and regulations, supported by education, training, research, and development, are crucial to ensuring the safe and sustainable use of pesticides for human health and the environment. By providing valuable insights, this review aids researchers and practitioners in devising effective and sustainable solutions for safeguarding human health and the environment from the hazards of airborne pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
| | - Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
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Palaniswamy S, Abass K, Rysä J, Grimalt JO, Odland JØ, Rautio A, Järvelin MR. Investigating the relationship between non-occupational pesticide exposure and metabolomic biomarkers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1248609. [PMID: 37900012 PMCID: PMC10602903 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between pesticide exposures and metabolomics biomarkers is not well understood. We examined the changes in the serum metabolome (early biomarkers) and the metabolic pathways associated with various pesticide exposure scenarios (OPE: overall exposure, PEM: exposure in months, PEY: exposure in years, and PEU: reported specific pesticides use) using data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 31-year cross-sectional examination. We utilized questionnaire data on pesticide exposures and serum samples for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analyses. For exposures and metabolites associations, participants size varied between 2,361 and 5,035. To investigate associations between metabolomics biomarkers and exposure to pesticide scenarios compared to those who reported no exposures multivariable regression analyses stratified by sex and adjustment with covariates (season of pesticide use, socioeconomic position (SEP), alcohol consumption, BMI, and latitude of residence) were performed. Multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction applied. Pesticide exposures differed by sex, season of pesticide use, alcohol, SEP, latitude of residence. Our results showed that all pesticide exposure scenarios were negatively associated with decreased HDL concentrations across all lipoprotein subclasses in women. OPE, PEY, and PEU were associated with decreased branched-chain amino acid concentrations in men and decreased albumin concentrations in women. OPE, PEY and PEU were also associated with changes in glycolysis metabolites and ketone bodies in both sexes. Specific pesticides exposure was negatively associated with sphingolipids and inflammatory biomarkers in men. In women, OPE, PEM, and PEU were associated with decreased apolipoprotein A1 and increased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. Our findings suggest that identification of early biomarkers of disease risk related to pesticide exposures can inform strategies to reduce exposure and investigate causal pathways. Women may be more susceptible to non-occupational pesticide exposures when compared to men, and future sex-specific studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joan O. Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Arja Rautio
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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Ali A, Abdi SAH, Ali A, Ahmad W. Hexaconazole exposure disrupt acetylcholinesterase, leading to mental illness. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:775-782. [PMID: 37915471 PMCID: PMC10615806 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexaconazole is widely used in agricultural work, and it has been observed that it has potential to disrupt endocrine function and it has also capacity of bioaccumulation. In this study, we examined how the hexaconazole disrupts the usual balance of acetylcholinesterase. It has been already reported that heavy pesticide exposures may be a reason for several mental illnesses because these pesticides may disrupt normal balance of acetylcholinesterase. In this paper, we have done a complete molecular and dynamics analysis to understand the behavior of hexaconazole with acetylcholinesterase so that its toxicological aspect may be explored. Our findings revealed that hexaconazole has potency to interact with acetylcholinesterase in a stable manner. The binding energy of hexaconazole was found to be -7.95 kcal/mol. However, chlorpyrifos, known inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, has binding energy of -7.17 kcal/mol. With respect to stability analysis, hexaconazole has similar stability like chlorpyrifos. Root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation, radius of gyration, hydrogen bonding, and solvent accessible surface area were similar to chlorpyrifos. In addition, density functional theory computations analysis reveals that hexaconazole is energetically stable like chlorpyrifos, which is necessary for establishing a stable ligand-protein complex. The result of this complete molecular analysis reveals that hexaconazole may disrupt the acetylcholinesterase balance, which leads to mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Aliul Hasan Abdi
- Department of Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
- University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, USA
| | - Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Schäffer E, Piel J. [The exposome in the context of preventive measures for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:892-903. [PMID: 37639074 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventive measures addressing the exposome can counteract neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE This article gives an overview on the influence of general and individual exogenous factors (environmental influences and lifestyle changes) as well as endogenous factors (e.g. metabolic alterations) on the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Summary and evaluation of current scientific studies and evidence regarding the exposome and prevention of AD and PD. RESULTS Numerous studies could demonstrate a potential influence of environmental influences associated with industrialization (general exogenous factors), such as pesticides, solvents or air pollution on the development of AD and PD. Additionally, individually addressable changes of lifestyle (individual exogenous factors, e.g. physical activity, cognitive stimulation, nutrition and sleep) contribute to disease protection and modification and are becoming increasingly more important in light of still limited therapeutic interventions. Moreover, other exogenous factors (medication, noise pollution, head trauma and heavy metals) are discussed as risk factors for AD and/or PD. Endogenous factors (e.g., changes of the enteral microbiome, systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, metabolic changes) can contribute to disease development by a higher potential for interacting with exogenous factors. CONCLUSION Despite the comprehensive scientific evidence confirming the significance of the exposome for the pathogenesis of AD and PD, the great potential of preventive measures has not yet been exploited. A clarification of the high potential of lifestyle changes should be a therapeutic standard not only for individuals with manifest PD/AD but also for individuals with a risk profile or with suspected prodromal disease. Further investigations on the influence of environmental factors and the implementation of preventive strategies to avoid exposure should be the focus of international efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schäffer
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland.
| | - Johannes Piel
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland
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20
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Bornstein R, Mulholland MT, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Johnson SC. Glutamine metabolism in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103887. [PMID: 37586651 PMCID: PMC10773532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved in glutamine catabolism, anabolism, and glutamine-glutamate cycling. In recent years, altered glutamine metabolism has been found to play important roles in the pathologic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutamine is a pleiotropic molecule, not only providing an alternate carbon source to glucose in certain conditions, but also playing unique roles in cellular communication in neurons and astrocytes. Glutamine consumption and catabolic flux can be significantly altered in settings of genetic mitochondrial defects or exposure to mitochondrial toxins, and alterations to glutamine metabolism appears to play a particularly significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. These include primary mitochondrial diseases like Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy) and MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy with encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), as well as complex age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pharmacologic interventions targeting glutamine metabolizing and catabolizing pathways appear to provide some benefits in cell and animal models of these diseases, indicating glutamine metabolism may be a clinically relevant target. In this review, we discuss glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial disease, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamine metabolic processes, glutamine in neurodegeneration, and candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bornstein
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael T Mulholland
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Phil Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
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Basli A, Bounaas J. Pathophysiological mechanism and natural preventive and therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Health 2023; 29:403-413. [PMID: 36377316 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two types of protein deposits in the brain, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The first one are dense deposits of beta amyloid protein, the second one are dense deposits of the protein tau. These proteins are present in all of our brains, but in AD they act unusually, leading to neuronal degeneration. This review will provide an overview of the AD, including the role of amyloid beta and tau, and mechanisms that lead to the formation of plaques and tangles. The review will also cover the existing researches that have focused on the inhibition of amyloid beta formation, cholinesterase, tau hyperphosphorylation, the pathogenic mechanisms of apoE4, and GSK-3 as a solution that could be used to slow or prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Basli
- Laboratory of Interaction Research, Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Skikda, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Jihane Bounaas
- Laboratory of Interaction Research, Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Skikda, Skikda, Algeria
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22
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Torres-Sánchez ED, Ortiz GG, Reyes-Uribe E, Torres-Jasso JH, Salazar-Flores J. Effect of pesticides on phosphorylation of tau protein, and its influence on Alzheimer's disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5628-5642. [PMID: 37727721 PMCID: PMC10506003 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i24.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development. It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons, and formation of amyloid plaques, and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, among other changes, due to hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein. Exposure to pesticides in humans occurs frequently due to contact with contaminated food, water, or particles. Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are associated with the most diagnosed incidents of severe cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these pesticides on the phosphorylation of tau protein, and its cognitive implications in the development of AD. It was found that exposure to pesticides increased the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser198, Ser199, Ser202, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404. Contact with these chemicals altered the enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and protein phosphatase-2A. Moreover, it altered the expression of the microtubule associated protein tau gene, and changed levels of intracellular calcium. These changes affected tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation, and also increased oxidative stress. In addition, the exposed subjects had poor level of performance in tests that involved evaluation of novelty, as test on verbal, non-verbal, spatial memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Genaro G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital Civil, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Reyes-Uribe
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan H Torres-Jasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, CUCOSTA, University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta 48280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
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23
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Nasr Z, Schoeps VA, Ziaei A, Virupakshaiah A, Adams C, Casper TC, Waltz M, Rose J, Rodriguez M, Tillema JM, Chitnis T, Graves JS, Benson L, Rensel M, Krupp L, Waldman AT, Weinstock-Guttman B, Lotze T, Greenberg B, Aaen G, Mar S, Schreiner T, Hart J, Simpson-Yap S, Mesaros C, Barcellos LF, Waubant E. Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with household chemical exposures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:518-525. [PMID: 36725329 PMCID: PMC10272045 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported an association between household chemical exposures and an increased risk of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. METHODS Using a case-control paediatric multiple sclerosis study, gene-environment interaction between exposure to household chemicals and genotypes for risk of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis was estimated.Genetic risk factors of interest included the two major HLA multiple sclerosis risk factors, the presence of DRB1*15 and the absence of A*02, and multiple sclerosis risk variants within the metabolic pathways of common household toxic chemicals, including IL-6 (rs2069852), BCL-2 (rs2187163) and NFKB1 (rs7665090). RESULTS 490 paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis cases and 716 controls were included in the analyses. Exposures to insect repellent for ticks or mosquitos (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.04, p=0.019), weed control products (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.51 to 3.07, p<0.001) and plant/tree insect or disease control products (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.92 to 5.49, p<0.001) were associated with increased odds of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. There was significant additive interaction between exposure to weed control products and NFKB1 SNP GG (attributable proportions (AP) 0.48, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.87), and exposure to plant or disease control products and absence of HLA-A*02 (AP 0.56; 95% CI 0.03 to 1.08). There was a multiplicative interaction between exposure to weed control products and NFKB1 SNP GG genotype (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.30) but not for other exposures and risk variants. No interactions were found with IL-6 and BCL-2 SNP GG genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The presence of gene-environment interactions with household toxins supports their possible causal role in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nasr
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Andreoli Schoeps
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amin Ziaei
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Akash Virupakshaiah
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cameron Adams
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Waltz
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John Rose
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical school, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Leslie Benson
- Childrens Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lauren Krupp
- New York University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Amy T Waldman
- Division of Child Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Tim Lotze
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gregory Aaen
- Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Soe Mar
- Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Janace Hart
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steve Simpson-Yap
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Multiple Sclerosis Flagship, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (SPATT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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24
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Andrade‐Rivas F, Paul N, Spiegel J, Henderson SB, Parrott L, Delgado‐Ron JA, Echeverri A, van den Bosch M. Mapping Potential Population-Level Pesticide Exposures in Ecuador Using a Modular and Scalable Geospatial Strategy. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000775. [PMID: 37426690 PMCID: PMC10326482 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Human populations and ecosystems are extensively exposed to pesticides. Most nations lack the capacity to control pesticide contamination and have limited availability of pesticide use information. Ecuador is a country with intense pesticide use with high exposure risks to humans and the environment, although relative or combined risks are not well understood. Here, we analyzed the distribution of application rates in Ecuador and identified regions of concern because of high potential exposure. We used a geospatial analysis to identify grid cells (∼8 km × 8 km) where the highest pesticide application rates and density of human populations overlap. Furthermore, we identified other regions of concern based on the number of amphibian species as an indicator of ecosystem integrity and the location of natural protected areas. We found that 28% of Ecuador's population dwelled in areas with high pesticide application rate. We identified an area of ∼512 km2 in the Amazon region where high application rates, large human settlements, and a high number of amphibian species overlapped. Additionally, we distinguished clusters of pesticide application rates and human populations that intersected with natural protected areas. Ecuador exemplifies how pesticides are disproportionately applied in areas with the potential to affect human health and ecosystems' integrity. Global estimates of population dwelling, pesticide application rates, and environmental factors are key in prioritizing locations to conduct further exposure assessments. The modular and scalable nature of the geospatial tools we developed can be expanded and adapted to other regions of the world where data on pesticide use are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Andrade‐Rivas
- School of Population and Public HealthThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Instituto de Salud y AmbienteUniversidad El BosqueBogotáColombia
| | - Naman Paul
- School of Population and Public HealthThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Environmental Health ServicesBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC)VancouverBCCanada
| | - Jerry Spiegel
- School of Population and Public HealthThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sarah B. Henderson
- School of Population and Public HealthThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Environmental Health ServicesBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC)VancouverBCCanada
| | - Lael Parrott
- Department of BiologyThe University of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem ServicesThe University of British ColumbiaKelownaBCCanada
| | - Jorge Andrés Delgado‐Ron
- School of Population and Public HealthThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Faculty of Health SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Alejandra Echeverri
- Centre for Conservation BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- The Natural Capital ProjectStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public HealthThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- ISGlobalParc de Recerca Biomèdica de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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25
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Maitra U, Conger J, Owens MMM, Ciesla L. Predicting structural features of selected flavonoids responsible for neuroprotection in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:1-12. [PMID: 36822376 PMCID: PMC11080622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Nature-derived bioactive compounds have emerged as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diverse chronic illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective effects remain unclear. Most studies focus solely on the antioxidant activities of natural products which translate to poor outcome in clinical trials. Current therapies against neurodegeneration only provide symptomatic relief, thereby underscoring the need for novel strategies to combat disease onset and progression. We have employed an environmental toxin-induced Drosophila Parkinson's disease (PD) model as an inexpensive in vivo screening platform to explore the neuroprotective potential of selected dietary flavonoids. We have identified a specific group of flavonoids known as flavones displaying protection against paraquat (PQ)-induced neurodegenerative phenotypes involving reduced survival, mobility defects, and enhanced oxidative stress. Interestingly, the other groups of investigated flavonoids, namely, the flavonones and flavonols failed to provide protection indicating a requirement of specific structural features that confer protection against PQ-mediated neurotoxicity in Drosophila. Based on our screen, the neuroprotective flavones lack a functional group substitution at the C3 and contain α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Furthermore, flavones-mediated neuroprotection is not solely dependent on antioxidant properties through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) but also requires regulation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway involving NFκB and the negative regulator poor Imd response upon knock-in (Pirk). Our data have identified specific structural features of selected flavonoids that provide neuroprotection against environmental toxin-induced PD pathogenesis that can be explored for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA.
| | - John Conger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA; College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary Magdalene Maggie Owens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA.
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26
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Jokanović M, Oleksak P, Kuca K. Multiple neurological effects associated with exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in man. Toxicology 2023; 484:153407. [PMID: 36543276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews available data regarding the possible association of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides with neurological disorders such as dementia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurodevelopment, autism, cognitive development, Parkinson's disease and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder. These effects mainly develop after repeated (chronic) human exposure to low doses of OP. In addition, three well defined neurotoxic effects in humans caused by single doses of OP compounds are discussed. Those effects are the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome and organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Usually, the poisoning can be avoided by an improved administrative control, limited access to OP pesticides, efficient measures of personal protection and education of OP pesticide applicators and medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jokanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic.
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27
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Léger T, Balaguer P, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V. Fate and PPARγ and STATs-driven effects of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad in liver cells revealed with multi-omics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130083. [PMID: 36206710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of the pesticide and mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad (TEBU) on liver cells were investigated by combining proteomics and metabolomics. Both cell culture media and cellular lysates were analyzed in dose-response and kinetic experiments on the HepaRG cell line. Responses were compared with those obtained on primary human and rat hepatocytes. A multitude of phase I and II metabolites (>80) mainly common to HepaRG cells and primary hepatocytes and an increase in metabolization enzymes were observed. Synthesis of mitochondrion and oxidative phosphorylation complex constituents, fatty acid oxidation, and cellular uptake of lipids were induced to compensate for complex I inhibition and the decrease in ATP intracellular contents caused by TEBU. Secretion of the 20 S circulating proteasome and overall inhibition of acute inflammation followed by IL-6 secretion in later stages were observed in HepaRG cells. These effects were associated with a decrease in STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factor abundances, but with different kinetics. Based on identified TEBU targets, docking experiments, and nuclear receptor reporter assays, we concluded that liver cell response to TEBU is mediated by its interaction with the PPARγ transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Léger
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France.
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
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28
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Rao RV, Subramaniam KG, Gregory J, Bredesen AL, Coward C, Okada S, Kelly L, Bredesen DE. Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and MCI: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021659. [PMID: 36675177 PMCID: PMC9865291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease typically characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in overall cognitive function. Usually manifesting in individuals over the age of 60, this is the most prevalent type of dementia and remains the fifth leading cause of death among Americans aged 65 and older. While the development of effective treatment and prevention for AD is a major healthcare goal, unfortunately, therapeutic approaches to date have yet to find a treatment plan that produces long-term cognitive improvement. Drugs that may be able to slow down the progression rate of AD are being introduced to the market; however, there has been no previous solution for preventing or reversing the disease-associated cognitive decline. Recent studies have identified several factors that contribute to the progression and severity of the disease: diet, lifestyle, stress, sleep, nutrient deficiencies, mental health, socialization, and toxins. Thus, increasing evidence supports dietary and other lifestyle changes as potentially effective ways to prevent, slow, or reverse AD progression. Studies also have demonstrated that a personalized, multi-therapeutic approach is needed to improve metabolic abnormalities and AD-associated cognitive decline. These studies suggest the effects of abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hypovitaminosis D, hormonal deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia, in the AD process. Therefore a personalized, multi-therapeutic program based on an individual's genetics and biochemistry may be preferable over a single-drug/mono-therapeutic approach. This article reviews these multi-therapeutic strategies that identify and attenuate all the risk factors specific to each affected individual. This article systematically reviews studies that have incorporated multiple strategies that target numerous factors simultaneously to reverse or treat cognitive decline. We included high-quality clinical trials and observational studies that focused on the cognitive effects of programs comprising lifestyle, physical, and mental activity, as well as nutritional aspects. Articles from PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Epidemiological, pathological, toxicological, genetic, and biochemical studies have all concluded that AD represents a complex network insufficiency. The research studies explored in this manuscript confirm the need for a multifactorial approach to target the various risk factors of AD. A single-drug approach may delay the progression of memory loss but, to date, has not prevented or reversed it. Diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, and environment all contribute to the progression of the disease, and, therefore, a multi-factorial optimization of network support and function offers a rational therapeutic strategy. Thus, a multi-therapeutic program that simultaneously targets multiple factors underlying the AD network may be more effective than a mono-therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan V. Rao
- Apollo Health, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA
- Correspondence: (R.V.R.); (D.E.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sho Okada
- Apollo Health, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA
| | | | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Apollo Health, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Correspondence: (R.V.R.); (D.E.B.)
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29
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Ferguson S, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN. Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of Eight Major Herbicide Active Ingredients in Comparison to Their Commercial Formulations. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110711. [PMID: 36422919 PMCID: PMC9699558 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Commercial pesticide formulations contain co-formulants, which are generally considered as having no toxic effects in mammals. This study aims to compare the toxicity of 8 major herbicide active ingredients-namely glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, quizalofop-p-ethyl, pendimethalin, propyzamide and metazachlor-with a typical commercial formulation of each active ingredient. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress capability was assessed in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Using an MTT assay, formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Probio), fluroxypyr (Hurler), quizalofop-p-ethyl (Targa Super) and dicamba (Hunter) were more toxic than the active ingredient alone. Metazachlor and its formulation Sultan had similar cytotoxicity profiles. Cytotoxicity profiles were comparable in immortalised human fibroblasts. Toxilight necrosis assays showed the formulation of metazachlor (Sultan50C) resulted in significant membrane disruption compared to the active ingredient. Generation of reactive oxygen species was detected for glyphosate, fluroxypyr, pendimethalin, quizalofop-p-ethyl, the formulation of 2,4-D (Anti-Liserons), and dicamba and its formulation Hunter. Further testing of quizalofop-p-ethyl and its formulation Targa Super in the ToxTracker assay system revealed that both products induced oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. In conclusion, these results show that most herbicide formulations tested in this study are more toxic than their active ingredients in human tissue culture cell model systems. The results add to a growing body of evidence, which implies that commercial herbicide formulations and not just their active ingredients should be evaluated in regulatory risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Ferguson
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelmi-Beck-Straße 27, 88662 Überlingen, Germany
| | - Michael N. Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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30
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Zhang J, Zhao Z, Liang W, Bi J, Zheng Y, Gu X, Fang H. Essential oil from Sabina chinensis leaves: A promising green control agent against Fusarium sp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006303. [PMID: 36438150 PMCID: PMC9691992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sabina chinensis is a woody plant with important ecological functions in different regions of China, but its essential oils (EO) against plant pathogenic fungi remain largely undetermined. The purpose of our study was to assess the chemical composition and antifungal activity of S. chinensis EO based on optimization of the extraction process. In this study, an actionable and effective model with the experimental results and identified optimum conditions (crushing degree of 20 mesh, liquid-solid ratio of 10.1:1, immersion time of 9.1 h) was established successfully to achieve an extraction yield of 0.54%, which was basically consistent with the theoretical value. A total of 26 compounds were identified using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and showed that the major constituent was β-phellandrene (26.64-39.26%), followed by terpinen-4-ol (6.53-11.89%), bornyl acetate (6.13-10.53%), etc. For Petri plate assays, our experiments found for the first time that S. chinensis EO revealed high and long-term antifungal activity against the tested strains, including Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium incarnatum, at EC50 values of 1.42 and 1.15 µL/mL, which especially reached approximately 76% and 90% growth inhibition at a dose of 0.2 µL/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of EO from different harvest periods showed remarkable variation. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method revealed 11 metabolites with chemical marker components, and 5 of its potential antifungal activities, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, α-elemol, γ-eudesmol, and bornyl acetate, were strongly correlated with the mycelial inhibition rate. In total, this study explored the antifungal activity of EO against root rot fungus as a potential fungicide and provided valuable information into developing potential products from natural agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingyi Bi
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiyong Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Costantini E, Masciarelli E, Casorri L, Di Luigi M, Reale M. Medicinal herbs and multiple sclerosis: Overview on the hard balance between new therapeutic strategy and occupational health risk. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:985943. [PMID: 36439198 PMCID: PMC9688751 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.985943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite its spread throughout the world, the mechanisms that determine its onset are still to be defined. Immunological, genetic, viral, and environmental factors and exposure to chemicals may trigger MS. Many studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of medicinal herbs, which make them a natural and complementary treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. A severe reduction of several MS symptoms occurs with herbal therapy. Thus, the request for medicinal plants with potential beneficial effects, for MS patients, is constantly increasing. Consequently, a production increase needs. Unfortunately, many medicinal herbs were untested and their action mechanism, possible adverse effects, contraindications, or interactions with other drugs, are poorly or not investigated. Keeping in mind the pathological mechanisms of MS and the oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by pesticides, it is important to understand if pesticides used to increase agricultural productivity and their residues in medicinal plants, may increase the risk of developing MS in both workers and consumers. Studies providing some indication about the relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and MS disease incidence are few, fragmentary, and discordant. The aim of this article is to provide a glance at the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and at the risk for MS onset of pesticides used by medicinal plant growers and present in medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eva Masciarelli
- Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Casorri
- Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Luigi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research Center, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marcella Reale,
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Jaffar S, Ahmad S, Lu Y. Contribution of insect gut microbiota and their associated enzymes in insect physiology and biodegradation of pesticides. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979383. [PMID: 36187965 PMCID: PMC9516005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are extensively and injudiciously applied to control agriculture and household pests worldwide. Due to their high use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the agroecosystem in the past several years. They have caused many severe threats to non-target organisms, including humans. Therefore, the complete removal of toxic compounds is gaining wide attention to protect the ecosystem and the diversity of living organisms. Several methods, such as physical, chemical and biological, are applied to degrade compounds, but as compared to other methods, biological methods are considered more efficient, fast, eco-friendly and less expensive. In particular, employing microbial species and their purified enzymes makes the degradation of toxic pollutants more accessible and converts them into non-toxic products by several metabolic pathways. The digestive tract of insects is usually known as a superior organ that provides a nutrient-rich environment to hundreds of microbial species that perform a pivotal role in various physiological and ecological functions. There is a direct relationship between pesticides and insect pests: pesticides reduce the growth of insect species and alter the phyla located in the gut microbiome. In comparison, the insect gut microbiota tries to degrade toxic compounds by changing their toxicity, increasing the production and regulation of a diverse range of enzymes. These enzymes breakdown into their derivatives, and microbial species utilize them as a sole source of carbon, sulfur and energy. The resistance of pesticides (carbamates, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, and neonicotinoids) in insect species is developed by metabolic mechanisms, regulation of enzymes and the expression of various microbial detoxifying genes in insect guts. This review summarizes the toxic effects of agrochemicals on humans, animals, birds and beneficial arthropods. It explores the preferential role of insect gut microbial species in the degradation process and the resistance mechanism of several pesticides in insect species. Additionally, various metabolic pathways have been systematically discussed to better understand the degradation of xenobiotics by insect gut microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Jaffar
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen C, Luo J, Shu X, Dai W, Guan M, Ma L. Spatio-temporal variations and ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides in surface waters of a plateau lake in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135029. [PMID: 35605728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Qilu Lake is one of the 9 plateau lakes in Yunnan, China, with a lake surface altitude of 1796.62 m above sea level. In spite of the importance and agriculturally-intensive phenomenon in Qilu Lake Basin, few studies have provided a modern evaluation of pesticide residues and potential effects to local aquatic organisms. The primary goal of this study was to determine the spatio-temporal variations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in this area, and to further assess the related ecological risks. Of the 25 OCPs analyzed, 14 were detected, and the concentrations of ∑25OCPs were highest in the upstream of rivers, followed by regions close to the lake shore, and the lowest concentrations were found in Qilu Lake in every season except winter. The concentrations of ∑25OCPs were the highest in summer, and the lowest in winter. OCP concentrations in spring and in autumn were similar. 4,4'-DDD, γ-HCH, HCB, trans-chlordane, and cis-chlordane were 5 OCPs with relatively high risk in Qilu Lake Basin. Interestingly, higher OCP concentrations do not necessarily correspond to higher ecological risk levels. Low predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values and relatively high toxicity of these OCPs led to their high risk quotient (RQ) values. This work further illustrated that although OCPs have been banned for many years, they were still frequently detected in surface waters, and caused risks to aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jiahong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xingquan Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Yunnan Construction and Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650501, PR China
| | - Wenshao Dai
- Yunnan Construction and Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650501, PR China
| | - Mengsha Guan
- Yunnan Construction and Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650501, PR China
| | - Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Glover F, Eisenberg ML, Belladelli F, Del Giudice F, Chen T, Mulloy E, Caudle WM. The association between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure dysregulation: NHANES 2013-2014. Environ Health 2022; 21:74. [PMID: 35934697 PMCID: PMC9358881 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate (OP) insecticides represent one of the largest classes of sprayed insecticides in the U.S., and their use has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including disorders of blood pressure regulation such as hypertension (HTN). METHODS In a study of 935 adults from the NHANES 2013-2014 cycle, we examined the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes and urinary concentrations of three OP insecticides metabolites, including 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), oxypyrimidine, and para-nitrophenol. These metabolites correspond to the parent compounds chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and methyl parathion, respectively. Weighted, multivariable linear regression analysis while adjusting for potential confounders were used to model the relationship between OP metabolites and blood pressure. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the odds of HTN for quartile of metabolites. RESULTS We observed significant, inverse association between TCPy on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.16, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.15, p < 0.001). Analysis with para-nitrophenol revealed a significant, positive association with systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.03, p = 0.02), and an inverse association with diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.09, p < 0.001). For oxypyrimidine, we observed significant, positive associations between systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.58, p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.31, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed significant interactions between TCPy and ethnicity on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 1.46, p = 0.0036). Significant interaction terms were observed between oxypyrimidine and ethnicity (β-estimate = -1.73, p < 0.001), as well as oxypyrimidine and BMI (β-estimate = 1.51 p < 0.001) on systolic blood pressure, and between oxypyrimidine and age (β-estimate = 1.96, p = 0.02), race (β-estimate = -3.81 p = 0.004), and BMI on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.72, p = 0.02). A significant interaction was observed between para-nitrophenol and BMI for systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.43, p = 0.01), and between para-nitrophenol and ethnicity on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 2.19, p = 0.006). Lastly, we observed a significant association between the odds of HTN and TCPy quartiles (OR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.43,0.99]). CONCLUSION Our findings support previous studies suggesting a role for organophosphate insecticides in the etiology of blood pressure dysregulation and HTN. Future studies are warranted to corroborate these findings, evaluate dose-response relationships between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure, determine clinical significance, and elucidate biological mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Glover
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Michael L. Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tony Chen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Evan Mulloy
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - W. Michael Caudle
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Martins-Gomes C, Coutinho TE, Silva TL, Andreani T, Silva AM. Neurotoxicity Assessment of Four Different Pesticides Using In Vitro Enzymatic Inhibition Assays. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080448. [PMID: 36006126 PMCID: PMC9413506 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides affect different organs and tissues according to their bioavailability, chemical properties and further molecular interactions. In animal models exposed to several classes of pesticides, neurotoxic effects have been described, including the reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in tissue homogenates. However, in homogenates, the reduction in enzymatic activity may also result from lower enzymatic expression and not only from enzymatic inhibition. Thus, in this work, we aimed to investigate the neurotoxic potential of four distinct pesticides: glyphosate (herbicide), imazalil (fungicide), imidacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide), by assessing their inhibitory effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase, by using direct in vitro enzymatic inhibition methods. All pesticides dose-dependently inhibited AChE activity, with an inhibition of 11 ± 2% for glyphosate, 48 ± 2% for imidacloprid, 49 ± 3% for imazalil and 50 ± 3% for lambda-cyhalothrin, at 1 mM. Only imazalil inhibited BChE. Imazalil induced dose-dependent inhibition of BChE with identical pattern as that observed for AChE; however, for lower concentrations (up to 500 μM), imazalil showed higher specificity for AChE, and for higher concentrations, the same specificity was found. Imazalil, at 1 mM, inhibited the activity of BChE by 49 ± 1%. None of the pesticides, up to 1 mM, inhibited tyrosinase activity. In conclusion, the herbicide glyphosate shows specificity for AChE but low inhibitory capacity, the insecticides imidacloprid and λ-cyhalothrin present selective AChE inhibition, while the fungicide IMZ is a broad-spectrum cholinesterase inhibitor capable of inhibiting AChE and BChE in an equal manner. Among these pesticides, the insecticides and the fungicide are the ones with higher neurotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tiago E. Coutinho
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tânia L. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.E.C.); (T.L.S.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
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Elmorsy E, Al-Ghafari A, Al Doghaither H, Salama M, Carter WG. An Investigation of the Neurotoxic Effects of Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Paraquat to Different Brain Regions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080975. [PMID: 35892416 PMCID: PMC9394375 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic exposures to pesticides have been linked to neurotoxicity and the potential development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). This study aimed to consider the neurotoxicity of three widely utilized pesticides: malathion, chlorpyrifos, and paraquat within the hippocampus (HC), corpus striatum (CS), cerebellum (CER), and cerebral cortex (CC). Neurotoxicity was evaluated at relatively low, medium, and high pesticide dosages. All pesticides inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) in each of the brain regions, but esterase inhibition was greatest in the HC and CS. Each of the pesticides also induced greater disruption to cellular bioenergetics within the HC and CS, and this was monitored via inhibition of mitochondrial complex enzymes I and II, reduced ATP levels, and increased lactate production. Similarly, the HC and CS were more vulnerable to redox stress, with greater inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase and increased lipid peroxidation. All pesticides induced the production of nuclear Nrf2 in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results show that pesticides disrupt cellular bioenergetics and that the HC and CS are more susceptible to pesticide effects than the CER and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
- Scientific Research Center, Dar Al-Hekma University, Jeddah 22246, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11385, Egypt
| | - Wayne G. Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-132-724-738
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Biomarker Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease Unraveled through In Silico Differential Gene Expression Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051165. [PMID: 35626321 PMCID: PMC9139748 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neurodegeneration that accounts for 60–70% of dementia cases. Symptoms begin with mild memory difficulties and evolve towards cognitive impairment. The underlying risk factors remain primarily unclear for this heterogeneous disorder. Bioinformatics is a relevant research tool that allows for identifying several pathways related to AD. Open-access databases of RNA microarrays from the peripheral blood and brain of AD patients were analyzed after background correction and data normalization; the Limma package was used for differential expression analysis (DEA) through statistical R programming language. Data were corrected with the Benjamini and Hochberg approach, and genes with p-values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. The direction of the change in gene expression was determined by its variation in the log2-fold change between healthy controls and patients. We performed the functional enrichment analysis of GO using goana and topGO-Limma. The functional enrichment analysis of DEGs showed upregulated (UR) pathways: behavior, nervous systems process, postsynapses, enzyme binding; downregulated (DR) were cellular component organization, RNA metabolic process, and signal transduction. Lastly, the intersection of DEGs in the three databases showed eight shared genes between brain and blood, with potential use as AD biomarkers for blood tests.
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Simões M, Huss A, Brouwer M, Krop E, Janssen N, Vermeulen R. Residential proximity to crops and agricultural pesticide use and cause-specific mortality: A prospective census-based cohort study in the Netherlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152932. [PMID: 35007583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is continued concern about residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use and possible adverse health effects. Studies on this subject have been scarce with inconsistent results. We explored associations between residential proximity to specific crops, pesticide use and cause-specific mortality in a prospective census-based cohort study in The Netherlands. METHODS Selecting inhabitants aged >30 living in less urbanized areas, at the same address for nine years up to baseline (2004) from a national register-based cohort, we followed ~3.1 million individuals for cause-specific mortality until 2012. We estimated the area of specific crop groups cultivated within buffers of 50 m, 100 m and 250 m around each individual's residence and the amount of fungicides, herbicides and insecticides used within the same buffers for the period 1995-2003. The association between these exposure proxies and 25 primary causes of death was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for individual and area-level confounders. RESULTS Residential proximity to crops was associated with decreased mortality risks overall. In contrast to the overall trend an increased risk was observed for chronic lower respiratory diseases and proximity to maize cultivation. We found no evidence of an association between the amount of pesticides used and cause-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS In a large prospective census-based cohort study in The Netherlands we found evidence of an increased risk of chronic lower respiratory diseases in relation to maize cultivation which was not reflected in general pesticide use, hinting to specific pesticides or practices in maize cultivation that may lead to the observed increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anke Huss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje Brouwer
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda Krop
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health (DMG), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Ma Z, Gao Y, Chu F, Tong Y, He Y, Li Y, Gao Z, Chen W, Zhang S, Pan Y. Tip-assisted ambient electric arc ionization mass spectrometry for rapid detection of trace organophosphorus pesticides in strawberries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Environmental Substances Associated with Alzheimer's Disease-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211839. [PMID: 34831595 PMCID: PMC8622417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, prevalent in approximately 50–70% of the dementia cases. AD affects memory, and it is a progressive disease interfering with cognitive abilities, behaviour and functioning of the person affected. In 2015, there were 47 million people affected by dementia worldwide, and the figure was estimated to increase to 75 million in 2030 and to 132 million by 2050. In the framework of European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), 18 substances or substance groups were prioritized for investigation. For each of the priority substances, a scoping document was prepared. Based on these scoping documents and complementary review of the recent literature, a scoping review of HBM4EU-priority substances which might be associated with AD was conducted. A possible association between risk of AD and pesticides was detected. For mercury (Hg), association is possible but inconsistent. Regarding cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), the results are inconsistent but inclined towards possible associations between the substances and the risk of disease. The evidence regarding lead (Pb) was weaker than for the other substances; however, possible associations exist. Although there is evidence of adverse neurological effects of environmental substances, more research is needed. Environmental chemical exposure and the related hazards are essential concerns for public health, and they could be preventable.
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Peptide-Based Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Endeavors and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111278. [PMID: 34835209 PMCID: PMC8622585 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of peptide-based vaccines for treating human neurodegenerative diseases has been the eventual aim of many research endeavors, although no active immunotherapies have been approved for clinical use till now. A typical example of such endeavors is the effort to develop vaccines for Alzheimer’s disease based on the beta-amyloid peptide, which continues to be intensively investigated despite previous setbacks. In this paper, recent developments in peptide-based vaccines which target beta-amyloid as well as tau protein and α-synuclein are presented. Particular focus has been directed toward peptide epitopes and formulation systems selected/developed and employed to enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. Results from both, human clinical trials and animal preclinical studies conducted mainly in transgenic mice have been included. Future perspectives on the topic are also briefly discussed.
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Palaniswamy S, Abass K, Rysä J, Odland JØ, Grimalt JO, Rautio A, Järvelin MR. Non-occupational exposure to pesticides and health markers in general population in Northern Finland: Differences between sexes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106766. [PMID: 34271428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to pesticides has been reported among general population worldwide. However, little is known about the associations between non-occupational exposure to pesticides, and biological markers of health and their response by sex. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the associations between non-occupational overall pesticide exposure, length of exposure and specific pesticides reported with 35 biological markers of health representing cardiometabolic, haematological, lung function, sex hormones, liver and kidney function profiles, and vitamin D in Finnish cohort. METHODS 31-year cross-sectional examination of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 provided blood samples for biomarker measurements in 1997-1998. Number of subjects varied between 2361 and 5037 for given exposures and certain outcome associations. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine associations between overall pesticide exposure (OPE), length of pesticide exposure in months (PEM), in years (PEY), and specific pesticides use (PEU) or not with cardiometabolic [SBP, DBP, TC, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, HOMA-S, hs-CRP], hematological [WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets], lung function (FVC, FEV1), sex hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TT), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG)], liver and kidney function profiles [total protein, albumin, globulin, ALP, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine], and vitamin D adjusting for sex, BMI, socioeconomic position (SEP) and season of pesticide use. RESULTS This cohort study on up to 5037 adults with non-occupational OPE, PEM, PEY and PEU differed by sex and SEP. In regression analyses, all the exposures were positively associated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PEU was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in females. OPE and PEM were positively associated with haematocrit in females and PEU with platelets in males. PEU was negatively associated with mean corpuscular haemoglobin. OPE and PEM were positively associated with LH in males. OPE was negatively associated with total protein and albumin in males. DISCUSSION In Finnish young adults, non-occupational overall pesticide exposure, length of exposure and specific pesticides were associated with multiple biological markers of health. The biological markers seem to be indicative of adverse effects of pesticides and warrant for further studies to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pesticides, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
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Zhu H, Liu P, Xu L, Li X, Hu P, Liu B, Pan J, Yang F, Niu X. Nanozyme-Participated Biosensing of Pesticides and Cholinesterases: A Critical Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:382. [PMID: 34677338 PMCID: PMC8534276 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To improve the output and quality of agricultural products, pesticides are globally utilized as an efficient tool to protect crops from insects. However, given that most pesticides used are difficult to decompose, they inevitably remain in agricultural products and are further enriched into food chains and ecosystems, posing great threats to human health and the environment. Thus, developing efficient methods and tools to monitor pesticide residues and related biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase) became quite significant. With the advantages of excellent stability, tailorable catalytic performance, low cost, and easy mass production, nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties (nanozymes) are extensively utilized in fields ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. Especially, with the catalytic nature to offer amplified signals for highly sensitive detection, nanozymes were finding potential applications in the sensing of various analytes, including pesticides and their biomarkers. To highlight the progress in this field, here the sensing principles of pesticides and cholinesterases based on nanozyme catalysis are definitively summarized, and emerging detection methods and technologies with the participation of nanozymes are critically discussed. Importantly, typical examples are introduced to reveal the promising use of nanozymes. Also, some challenges in the field and future trends are proposed, with the hope of inspiring more efforts to advance nanozyme-involved sensors for pesticides and cholinesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjia Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Lizhang Xu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Panwang Hu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Bangxiang Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Jianming Pan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Fu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
| | - Xiangheng Niu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.L.); (X.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (J.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Anderson FL, von Herrmann KM, Young AL, Havrda MC. Bbc3 Loss Enhances Survival and Protein Clearance in Neurons Exposed to the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:378-392. [PMID: 34289071 PMCID: PMC8634496 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants can increase the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Exposure to the widely used organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but the cellular mechanisms underlying CPF toxicity in neurons are not completely understood. We evaluated CPF toxicity in mouse primary cortical neuronal cultures, using RNA-sequencing to identify cellular pathways modulated by CPF. CPF exposure altered the expression of genes associated with intrinsic apoptosis, significantly elevating expression of the pro-apoptotic mediator Bbc3/Puma. Bbc3 loss attenuated CPF driven neurotoxicity, induction of other intrinsic apoptosis regulatory genes including Trp53 and Pmaip1 (encoding the NOXA protein), and cleavage of apoptosis executors caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). CPF exposure was associated with enhanced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes and proteins and the accumulation of high molecular weight protein species in primary neuronal cultures. No evidence of alterations in the ubiquitin-proteosome system were observed, however, autophagy-related proteins were upregulated in CPF-treated Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures compared with identically exposed WT cultures. Elevated autophagy-related protein expression in Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures was associated with a reduction in CPF-induced high molecular weight alpha-synuclein and tau immunoreactive protein aggregates. Studies indicate that Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures enhance the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and upregulate protein clearance mechanisms as a component of resistance to CPF-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Katharine M von Herrmann
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Alison L Young
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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Pesticides DEET, fipronil and maneb induce stress granule assembly and translation arrest in neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101110. [PMID: 34485711 PMCID: PMC8405967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides entering our body, either directly or indirectly, are known to increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders. The pesticide-induced animal models of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease recapitulates many of the pathologies seen in human patients and have become popular models for studying disease biology. However, the specific effect of pesticides at the cellular and molecular levels is yet to be fully established. Here we investigated the cellular effect of three commonly used pesticides: DEET, fipronil and maneb. Specifically, we looked at the effect of these pesticides in the formation of stress granules and the concomitant translational arrest in a neuronal cell line. Stress granules represent an ensemble of non-translating mRNAs and appear in cells under physiological stress. Growing evidence indicates that chronic stress may covert the transient stress granules into amyloids and may thus induce neurodegeneration. We demonstrate here that all three pesticides tested induce stress granules and translation arrest through the inactivation of the eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF2α. We also show that oxidative stress could be one of the major intermediary factors in the pesticide-induced stress granule formation and that it is a reversible process. Our results suggest that prolonged pesticide exposure may result in long-lived stress granules, thus compromising the neuronal stress response pathway and leading to neurodegeneration. Pesticides exposure increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders. Cellular effect of three common pesticides (DEET, fipronil and maneb) were tested. All three induce stress granules and translation arrest via inactivation of eIF2α. Compromised stress response may result in pesticide-induced neurodegeneration.
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GDP, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Lima RR, Lamers ML, Le Blond J, Crespo-Lopez ME. Salivary biomarkers and neuropsychological outcomes: A non-invasive approach to investigate pollutants-associated neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in vulnerable populations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111432. [PMID: 34062204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of neurotoxicity caused by xenobiotics such as pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, organophosphates, pyrethroids, etc.) or metals (mercury, lead, aluminum, arsenic, etc.) is a growing concern around the world, particularly in vulnerable populations with difficulties on both detection and symptoms treatment, due to low economic status, remote access, poor infrastructure, and low educational level, among others features. Despite the numerous molecular markers and questionnaires/clinical evaluations, studying neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in these populations faces problems with samples collection and processing, and information accuracy. Assessing cognitive changes caused by neurotoxicity, especially those that are subtle in the initial stages, is fundamentally challenging. Finding accurate, non-invasive, and low-cost strategies to detect the first signals of brain injury has the potential to support an accelerated development of the research with these populations. Saliva emerges as an ideal pool of biomarkers (with interleukins and neural damage-related proteins, among others) and potential alternative diagnostic fluid to molecularly investigate neurotoxicity. As a source of numerous neurological biomarkers, saliva has several advantages compared to blood, such as easier storage, requires less manipulation, and the procedure is cheaper, safer and well accepted by patients compared with drawing blood. Regarding cognitive dysfunction, neuropsychological batteries represent, with their friendly interface, a feasible and accurate method to evaluate the eventual cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity in people from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. The association of these two tools, saliva and neuropsychological batteries, to cover the molecular and cognitive aspects of neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations, could potentially increase the prevalence of early intervention and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Buda A, Dean O, Adams HR, Mwanza-Kabaghe S, Potchen MJ, Mbewe EG, Kabundula PP, Mweemba M, Matoka B, Mathews M, Menon JA, Wang B, Birbeck GL, Bearden DR. Neighborhood-Based Socioeconomic Determinants of Cognitive Impairment in Zambian Children With HIV: A Quantitative Geographic Information Systems Approach. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:1071-1079. [PMID: 34437702 PMCID: PMC8719623 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Place-based inequalities, such as exposure to violence and access to nutritious food and clean water, may contribute to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cognitive impairment. In this study, we investigated neighborhood effects on cognition in children and adolescents with HIV in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 208 children with perinatally acquired HIV (ages 8-17) and 208 HIV-exposed uninfected controls. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing and interviews assessing socioeconomic status. Geographic regions with clusters of participants with HIV and cognitive impairment were identified using quantitative geographic information systems (QGIS) and SaTScan. Associations between location of residence and cognitive function were evaluated in bivariable and multivariable regression models. Mediation analysis was performed to assess direct and indirect effects of location of the residence on cognitive impairment. RESULTS Residence in Chawama, one of the poorest neighborhoods in Lusaka, was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in participants with HIV (odds ratio 2.9; P = .005) and remained significant in a multivariable regression model controlling for potential confounders. Mediation analysis found that 46% of the cognitive effects of residence in Chawama were explained by higher rates of malnutrition, lower school attendance, and poorer self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS Place-based socioeconomic inequality contributes to cognitive impairment in Zambian children and adolescents with HIV. Neighborhood effects may be mediated by concentrated poverty, malnutrition, limited access to education and health care, and other yet unknown environmental factors that may be potentially modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Buda
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Owen Dean
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Heather R Adams
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA,Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael J Potchen
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA,Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Esau G Mbewe
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Milimo Mweemba
- Neurology Research Office, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Beauty Matoka
- Neurology Research Office, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Manoj Mathews
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia,University Teaching Hospital Children’s Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia,Directorate of Clinical Care & Diagnostics Services, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - J Anitha Menon
- Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, US
| | - Gretchen L Birbeck
- Neurology Research Office, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia,University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia,Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David R Bearden
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA,Department of Educational Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia,Corresponding Author: David R. Bearden, MD, MSCE, Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 631, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. E-mail:
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48
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Appel AM, Brønnum-Hansen H, Garde AH, Hansen ÅM, Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Islamoska S, Mortensen EL, Nabe-Nielsen K. Socioeconomic Position and Late-Onset Dementia: A Nationwide Register-Based Study. J Aging Health 2021; 34:184-195. [PMID: 34388948 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211037200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research on the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dementia has not sufficiently accounted for the complex relationship between education and occupation. We investigated the independent and joint effects of educational attainment and occupation-based SEP on dementia. METHODS We used register-based information about educational attainment, occupation-based SEP, and dementia from 1,210,720 individuals. Information about cognitive ability at conscription was available for a subsample of men. RESULTS When mutually adjusted, lower educational attainment and occupation-based SEP were associated with higher dementia risk in a dose-response manner. Higher occupation-based SEP partly mitigated the higher dementia risk associated with lower educational attainment. After adjusting for cognitive ability in a subgroup of men, only unskilled work was associated with higher dementia risk. DISCUSSION Occupation-based SEP is independently associated with dementia and may mitigate the higher dementia risk associated with short education. Future research should elucidate the mechanisms underlying social inequality in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Appel
- Department of Public Health, 4321University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Dementia Research Centre, 53146Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne H Garde
- Department of Public Health, 4321University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,2686The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, 4321University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,2686The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed
- Department of Depression and Anxiety, 1006Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, 1006Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, 4321University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, 4321University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Papageorgiou SG, Piperi C. APOE Genotype and Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2749-2764. [PMID: 34275270 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with obscure pathogenesis and no disease-modifying therapy to date. AD is multifactorial disease that develops from the complex interplay of genetic factors and environmental exposures. The E4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most common genetic risk factor for AD, whereas the E2 allele acts in a protective manner. A growing amount of epidemiological evidence suggests that several lifestyle habits and environmental factors may interact with APOE alleles to synergistically affect the risk of AD development. Among them, physical exercise, dietary habits including fat intake and ketogenic diet, higher education, traumatic brain injury, cigarette smoking, coffee consumption, alcohol intake, and exposure to pesticides and sunlight have gained increasing attention. Although the current evidence is inconsistent, it seems that younger APOE4 carriers in preclinical stages may benefit mostly from preventive lifestyle interventions, whereas older APOE4 noncarriers with dementia may show the most pronounced effects. The large discrepancies between the epidemiological studies may be attributed to differences in the sample sizes, the demographic characteristics of the participants, including age and sex, the methodological design, and potential related exposures and comorbidities as possible cofounding factors. In this Review, we aim to discuss available evidence of the prominent APOE genotype-environment interactions in regard to cognitive decline with a focus on AD, providing an overview of the current landscape in this field and suggesting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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50
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Tandon A, Singh SJ, Chaturvedi RK. Nanomedicine against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1507-1545. [PMID: 33087025 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201021140904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are the two most rampant neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Existing treatments have a limited effect on the pathophysiology but are unable to fully arrest the progression of the disease. This is due to the inability of these therapeutic molecules to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. We discuss how nanotechnology has enabled researchers to develop novel and efficient nano-therapeutics against these diseases. The development of nanotized drug delivery systems has permitted an efficient, site-targeted, and controlled release of drugs in the brain, thereby presenting a revolutionary therapeutic approach. Nanoparticles are also being thoroughly studied and exploited for their role in the efficient and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions. We summarize the role of different nano-carriers and RNAi-conjugated nanoparticle-based therapeutics for their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges underlying the use of nanomedicine with a focus on their route of administration, concentration, metabolism, and any toxic effects for successful therapeutics in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Tandon
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangh J Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish K Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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