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Machado KLDG, Faria DV, Duarte MBS, Silva LAS, de Oliveira TDR, Falcão TCA, Batista DS, Costa MGC, Santa-Catarina C, Silveira V, Romanel E, Otoni WC, Nogueira FTS. Plant age-dependent dynamics of annatto pigment (bixin) biosynthesis in Bixa orellana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1390-1406. [PMID: 37975812 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Age affects the production of secondary metabolites, but how developmental cues regulate secondary metabolism remains poorly understood. The achiote tree (Bixa orellana L.) is a source of bixin, an apocarotenoid used in diverse industries worldwide. Understanding how age-dependent mechanisms control bixin biosynthesis is of great interest for plant biology and for economic reasons. Here we overexpressed miRNA156 (miR156) in B. orellana to comprehensively study the effects of the miR156-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) module on age-dependent bixin biosynthesis in leaves. Overexpression of miR156 in annatto plants (miR156ox) reduced BoSPL transcript levels, impacted leaf ontogeny, lessened bixin production, and increased abscisic acid levels. Modulation of expression of BoCCD4-4 and BoCCD1, key genes in carotenoid biosynthesis, was associated with diverting the carbon flux from bixin to abscisic acid in miR156ox leaves. Proteomic analyses revealed an overall low accumulation of most secondary metabolite-related enzymes in miR156ox leaves, suggesting that miR156-targeted BoSPLs may be required to activate several secondary metabolic pathways. Our findings suggest that the conserved BomiR156-BoSPL module is deployed to regulate leaf dynamics of bixin biosynthesis, and may create novel opportunities to fine-tune bixin output in B. orellana breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleiton Lima de Godoy Machado
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele Vidal Faria
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bruno Silva Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lázara Aline Simões Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Dos Reis de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Castilho Arruda Falcão
- Laboratório de Genômica de Plantas e Bioenergia (PGEMBL), Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, 58220-000, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Claudete Santa-Catarina
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia (LBT), CBB-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elisson Romanel
- Laboratório de Genômica de Plantas e Bioenergia (PGEMBL), Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Kawade K, Tabeta H, Ferjani A, Hirai MY. The Roles of Functional Amino Acids in Plant Growth and Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1482-1493. [PMID: 37489637 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants incorporate acquired carbon and nitrogen into amino acid metabolism, whereby the building blocks of proteins and the precursors of various metabolites are produced. This fundamental demand requires tight amino acid metabolism to sustain physiological homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that amino acid metabolism undergoes plastic alteration to orchestrate specific growth and developmental events. Consequently, there has been a gradual exploration of the interface at which amino acid metabolism and plant morphogenesis are mutually affected. This research progress offers an opportunity to explore amino acid metabolism, with the goal to understand how it can be modulated to serve special cellular needs and regulate specific growth and developmental pathways. Continuous improvements in the sensitivity and coverage of metabolomics technology, along with the development of chemoinformatics, have allowed the investigation of these research questions. In this review, we summarize the roles of threonine, serine, arginine and γ-aminobutyric acid as representative examples of amino acids relevant to specific developmental processes in plants ('functional amino acids'). Our objective is to expand perspectives regarding amino acid metabolism beyond the conventional view that it is merely life-supporting machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kawade
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | | | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukuikita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501 Japan
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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3
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Šebela M, Rašková M. Polyamine-Derived Aminoaldehydes and Acrolein: Cytotoxicity, Reactivity and Analysis of the Induced Protein Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:7429. [PMID: 37959847 PMCID: PMC10648994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine releases hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes have been found to be cytotoxic, and they represent the subject of this review. 3-aminopropanal disrupts the lysosomal membrane and triggers apoptosis or necrosis in the damaged cells. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, 3-aminopropanal yields acrolein through the elimination of ammonia. This reactive aldehyde is also generated by the decomposition of aminoaldehydes produced in the reaction of serum amine oxidase with spermidine or spermine. In addition, acrolein is a common environmental pollutant. It causes covalent modifications of proteins, including carbonylation, the production of Michael-type adducts and cross-linking, and it has been associated with inflammation-related diseases. APAL and acrolein are detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases and other mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography, immunochemistry and mass spectrometry have been largely used to analyze the presence of polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes and protein modifications elicited by their effect. However, the main and still open challenge is to find clues for discovering clear linkages between aldehyde-induced modifications of specific proteins and the development of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šebela
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kopecká R, Kameniarová M, Černý M, Brzobohatý B, Novák J. Abiotic Stress in Crop Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076603. [PMID: 37047573 PMCID: PMC10095105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and putting this knowledge into practice is, therefore, an integral part of sustainable agriculture. In this review, we focus on current findings in plant resistance to four cardinal abiotic stressors—drought, heat, salinity, and low temperatures. Apart from the description of the newly discovered mechanisms of signaling and resistance to abiotic stress, this review also focuses on the importance of primary and secondary metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, and phytohormones. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies concerning the model plant Arabidopsis demonstrates the long-observed phenomenon that abiotic stressors induce different signals and effects at the level of gene expression, but genes whose regulation is similar under most stressors can still be traced. The analysis further reveals the transcriptional modulation of Golgi-targeted proteins in response to heat stress. Our analysis also highlights several genes that are similarly regulated under all stress conditions. These genes support the central role of phytohormones in the abiotic stress response, and the importance of some of these in plant resistance has not yet been studied. Finally, this review provides information about the response to abiotic stress in major European crop plants—wheat, sugar beet, maize, potatoes, barley, sunflowers, grapes, rapeseed, tomatoes, and apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Kopecká
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kameniarová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Wen Q, Zhao H, Shao Y, Li J, Hu Y, Qi Y, Wang F, Shen J. Heat stress and excessive maturity of fruiting bodies suppress GABA accumulation by modulating GABA metabolism in Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112549. [PMID: 36869537 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
GABA is a health-promoting bioactive substance. Here, the GABA biosynthetic pathways were investigated, and then the dynamic quantitative changes in GABA and the expression levels of genes related to GABA metabolism under heat stress or at different developmental stages of fruiting bodies in Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm were determined. We found that the polyamine degradation pathway was the main route of GABA production under growth normal condition. The accumulation of GABA and the expression of most genes related to GABA biosynthesis, including genes encoding glutamate decarboxylase (PoGAD-2), polyamine oxidase (PoPAO-1), diamine oxidase (PoDAO) and aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (PoAMADH-1 and PoAMADH-2), were significantly suppressed by heat stress and the excessive maturity of fruiting bodies. Finally, the effects of GABA on the mycelial growth, heat tolerance and the morphogenesis and development of fruiting bodies were studied, the results showed that the deficiency of endogenous GABA inhibited the mycelial growth and primordial formation and aggravated heat damage, whereas exogenous application of GABA could improve thermotolerance and promote the development of fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Yanhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Jiatao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Yanru Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Yuancheng Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Jinwen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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6
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Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ, Shelp BJ. γ-Aminobutyrate Improves the Postharvest Marketability of Horticultural Commodities: Advances and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884572. [PMID: 35693167 PMCID: PMC9174936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration can result in qualitative and quantitative changes in the marketability of horticultural commodities, as well as considerable economic loss to the industry. Low temperature and controlled atmosphere conditions (low O2 and elevated CO2) are extensively employed to prolong the postharvest life of these commodities. Nevertheless, they may suffer from chilling injury and other physiological disorders, as well as excessive water loss and bacterial/fungal decay. Research on the postharvest physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of horticultural commodities indicates that low temperature/controlled atmosphere storage is associated with the promotion of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) pathway activity, with or without the accumulation of GABA, delaying senescence, preserving quality and ameliorating chilling injury. Regardless of whether apple fruits are stored under low temperature/controlled atmosphere conditions or room temperature, elevated endogenous GABA or exogenous GABA maintains their quality by stimulating the activity of the GABA shunt (glutamate GABA succinic semialdehyde succinate) and the synthesis of malate, and delaying fruit ripening. This outcome is associated with changes in the genetic and biochemical regulation of key GABA pathway reactions. Flux estimates suggest that the GABA pool is derived primarily from glutamate, rather than polyamines, and that succinic semialdehyde is converted mainly to succinate, rather than γ-hydroxybutyrate. Exogenous GABA is a promising strategy for promoting the level of endogenous GABA and the activity of the GABA shunt in both intact and fresh-cut commodities, which increases carbon flux through respiratory pathways, restores or partially restores redox and energy levels, and improves postharvest marketability. The precise mechanisms whereby GABA interacts with other signaling molecules such as Ca2+, H2O2, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and melatonin, or with phytohormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin remain unknown. The occurrence of the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the glutamate/aspartate/GABA exchanger in the tonoplast, respectively, offers prospects for reducing transpirational water in cut flowers and immature green fruit, and for altering the development, flavor and biotic resistance of apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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7
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Perchat N, Dubois C, Mor-Gautier R, Duquesne S, Lechaplais C, Roche D, Fouteau S, Darii E, Perret A. Characterization of a novel β-alanine biosynthetic pathway consisting of promiscuous metabolic enzymes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102067. [PMID: 35623386 PMCID: PMC9213253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria adapt to utilize the nutrients available in their environment through a sophisticated metabolic system composed of highly specialized enzymes. Although these enzymes can metabolize molecules other than those for which they evolved, their efficiency toward promiscuous substrates is considered too low to be of physiological relevance. Herein, we investigated the possibility that these promiscuous enzymes are actually efficient enough at metabolizing secondary substrates to modify the phenotype of the cell. For example, in the bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 (ADP1), panD (coding for l-aspartate decarboxylase) encodes the only protein known to catalyze the synthesis of β-alanine, an obligate intermediate in CoA synthesis. However, we show that the ADP1 ΔpanD mutant could also form this molecule through an unknown metabolic pathway arising from promiscuous enzymes and grow as efficiently as the wildtype strain. Using metabolomic analyses, we identified 1,3-diaminopropane and 3-aminopropanal as intermediates in this novel pathway. We also conducted activity screening and enzyme kinetics to elucidate candidate enzymes involved in this pathway, including 2,4-diaminobutyrate aminotransferase (Dat) and 2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase (Ddc) and validated this pathway in vivo by analyzing the phenotype of mutant bacterial strains. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that this novel metabolic route is not restricted to ADP1. We propose that the occurrence of conserved genes in hundreds of genomes across many phyla suggests that this previously undescribed pathway is widespread in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Perchat
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Christelle Dubois
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Rémi Mor-Gautier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sophie Duquesne
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Christophe Lechaplais
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - David Roche
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Stéphanie Fouteau
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Ekaterina Darii
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Alain Perret
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
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8
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Tsurumoto T, Fujikawa Y, Onoda Y, Ochi Y, Ohta D, Okazawa A. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that narrowband 280 and 310 nm UV-B induce distinctive responses in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4319. [PMID: 35279697 PMCID: PMC8918342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn plants, the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) perceives UV-B and induces UV-B responses. UVR8 absorbs a range of UV-B (260–335 nm). However, the responsiveness of plants to each UV-B wavelength has not been intensively studied so far. Here, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Arabidopsis using UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 280 and 310 nm to investigate the differences in the wavelength-specific UV-B responses. Irradiation with both UV-LEDs induced gene expression of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), which has a central role in the UVR8 signaling pathway. However, the overall transcriptomic and metabolic responses to 280 and 310 nm UV-LED irradiation were different. Most of the known UV-B-responsive genes, such as defense-related genes, responded only to 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. Lipids, polyamines and organic acids were the metabolites most affected by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation, whereas the effect of 310 nm UV-LED irradiation on the metabolome was considerably less. Enzymatic genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway upstream in anthocyanin biosynthesis were up-regulated only by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. These results revealed that the responsivenesses of Arabidopsis to 280 and 310 nm UV-B were significantly different, suggesting that UV-B signaling is mediated by more complex pathways than the current model.
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Hou Y, Ren H, Wang K, Cao S, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Shao X, Wang H, Xu F. Influence of fresh-cut process on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism and sensory properties in carrot. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:552-561. [PMID: 35185175 PMCID: PMC8814297 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effect of fresh-cut procedure on the accumulation of GABA in carrots via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt and polyamines degradation pathway was investigated. Results showed that fresh-cut processing enhanced glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity and expression levels of DcGAD1 and DcGAD2, while reduced GABA transaminase (GABA-T) activity and DcGABA-T1 expression level, which induced the more glutamate (Glu) conversion to GABA. Polyamines (PAs) in shredded carrots were significantly lower than the whole, due to the elevated activities of diamine oxidase (DAO), polyamine oxidase (PAO) and aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH) and DcPAO expression level, which indicated that the polyamines degradation pathway was activated and more PAs were converted to GABA. These results suggested that fresh-cut procedure can induce the accumulation of GABA through activating GABA shunt and polyamines degradation pathway. Besides, fresh-cut processing treatment did not have much adverse effect on the organoleptic quality of carrots. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s13197-021-05039-y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ren
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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10
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Xu B, Sai N, Gilliham M. The emerging role of GABA as a transport regulator and physiological signal. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2005-2016. [PMID: 35235673 PMCID: PMC8644139 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While the proposal that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts a signal in plants is decades old, a signaling mode of action for plant GABA has been unveiled only relatively recently. Here, we review the recent research that demonstrates how GABA regulates anion transport through aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) and speculation that GABA also targets other proteins. The ALMT family of anion channels modulates multiple physiological processes in plants, with many members still to be characterized, opening up the possibility that GABA has broad regulatory roles in plants. We focus on the role of GABA in regulating pollen tube growth and stomatal pore aperture, and we speculate on its role in long-distance signaling and how it might be involved in cross talk with hormonal signals. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), guard cell opening is regulated by GABA, as it is in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), to regulate water use efficiency, which impacts drought tolerance. We also discuss the links between glutamate and GABA in generating signals in plants, particularly related to pollen tube growth, wounding, and long-distance electrical signaling, and explore potential interactions of GABA signals with hormones, such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. We conclude by postulating that GABA encodes a signal that links plant primary metabolism to physiological status to fine tune plant responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Author for communication:
| | - Na Sai
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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Shelp BJ, Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34579473 PMCID: PMC8468876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran;
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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12
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Singh P, Kaufholdt D, Awadalah M, Hänsch R, Beerhues L, Gaid M. Cytosolic aromatic aldehyde dehydrogenase provides benzoic acid for xanthone biosynthesis in Hypericum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:82-93. [PMID: 33482582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzoic acid is a building block of a multitude of well-known plant natural products, such as paclitaxel and cocaine. Its simple chemical structure contrasts with its complex biosynthesis. Hypericum species are rich in polyprenylated benzoic acid-derived xanthones, which have received attention due to their biological impact on human health. The upstream biosynthetic sequence leading to xanthones is still incomplete. To supply benzoic acid for xanthone biosynthesis, Hypericum calycinum cell cultures use the CoA-dependent non-β-oxidative pathway, which starts with peroxisomal cinnamate CoA-ligase (HcCNL). Here, we use the xanthone-producing cell cultures to identify the transcript for benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (HcBD), a pivotal player in the non-β-oxidative pathways. In addition to benzaldehyde, the enzyme efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of trans-cinnamaldehyde in vitro. The enzymatic activity is strictly dependent on the presence of NAD+ as co-factor. HcBD is localized to the cytosol upon ectopic expression of reporter fusion constructs. HcBD oxidizes benzaldehyde, which moves across the peroxisome membrane, to form benzoic acid. Increases in the HcCNL and HcBD transcript levels precede the elicitor-induced xanthone accumulation. The current work addresses a crucial step in the yet incompletely understood CoA-dependent non-β-oxidative route of benzoic acid biosynthesis. Addressing this step may offer a new biotechnological tool to enhance product formation in biofactories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - David Kaufholdt
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Plant Biology, Humboldtstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Mina Awadalah
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Plant Biology, Humboldtstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Mariam Gaid
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Mendelssohnstraße 1, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany.
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Tola AJ, Jaballi A, Germain H, Missihoun TD. Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010051. [PMID: 33396326 PMCID: PMC7823795 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.
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14
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Jacques F, Zhao Y, Kopečná M, Končitíková R, Kopečný D, Rippa S, Perrin Y. Roles for ALDH10 enzymes in γ-butyrobetaine synthesis, seed development, germination, and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7088-7102. [PMID: 32845293 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes generally contain two aldehyde dehydrogenase 10 (ALDH10) genes, which encode NAD+-dependent enzymes. These oxidize various aminoaldehydes that are produced by the catabolism of amino acids and polyamines. ALDH10s are closely related to the animal and fungal trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenases (TMABADHs) that are involved in the synthesis of γ-butyrobetaine, the precursor of carnitine. Here, we explore the ability of the Arabidopsis thaliana proteins AtALDH10A8 and AtALDH10A9 to oxidize aminoaldehydes. We demonstrate that these enzymes display high TMABADH activities in vitro. Moreover, they can complement the Candida albicans tmabadhΔ/Δ null mutant. These findings illustrate the link between AtALDH10A8 and AtALDH10A9 and γ-butyrobetaine synthesis. An analysis of single and double knockout Arabidopsis mutant lines revealed that the double mutants had reduced γ-butyrobetaine levels. However, there were no changes in the carnitine contents of these mutants. The double mutants were more sensitive to salt stress. In addition, the siliques of the double mutants had a significant proportion of seeds that failed to mature. The mature seeds contained higher amounts of triacylglycerol, facilitating accelerated germination. Taken together, these results show that ALDH10 enzymes are involved in γ-butyrobetaine synthesis. Furthermore, γ-butyrobetaine fulfils a range of physiological roles in addition to those related to carnitine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jacques
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UPJV, CNRS, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu - CS, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yingjuan Zhao
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UPJV, CNRS, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu - CS, Compiègne Cedex, France
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Martina Kopečná
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Končitíková
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ, Czech Republic
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Sonia Rippa
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UPJV, CNRS, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu - CS, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yolande Perrin
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UPJV, CNRS, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu - CS, Compiègne Cedex, France
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15
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Chen W, Meng C, Ji J, Li MH, Zhang X, Wu Y, Xie T, Du C, Sun J, Jiang Z, Shi S. Exogenous GABA promotes adaptation and growth by altering the carbon and nitrogen metabolic flux in poplar seedlings under low nitrogen conditions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1744-1761. [PMID: 32776117 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency adversely affects tree growth. Additionally, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is closely associated with growth and stress responses because of its effects on carbon (C) and N metabolism. However, little is known about its roles related to plant adaptations to N-deficient conditions. In this study, we analyzed the effects of GABA (0, 2 and 10 mM) applications on the growth traits and physiological responses of poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa '84K') seedlings under high N (HN) and low N (LN) conditions. We found that the added GABA interacted with N to affect more than half of the studied parameters, with greater effects in LN plants than in HN plants. Under LN conditions, the GABA application tended to increase poplar growth, accompanied by increased xylem fiber cell length and xylem width. In stems, exogenous GABA increased the abundance of non-structural carbohydrates (starch and sugars) and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (succinate, malate and citrate), but had the opposite effect on the structural C contents (hemicellulose and lignin). Meanwhile, exogenous GABA increased the total soluble protein contents in leaves and stems, accompanied by significant increases in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in leaves, but significant decreases in those (except for the increased glutamate synthetase activity) in stems. A multiple factorial analysis indicated that the nitrate assimilation pathway substantially influences poplar survival and growth in the presence of GABA under LN conditions. Interestingly, GABA applications also considerably attenuated the LN-induced increase in the activities of leaf antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase and catalase, implying that GABA may regulate the relative allocation of C and N for growth activities by decreasing the energy cost associated with stress defense. Our results suggest that GABA enhances poplar growth and adaptation by regulating the C and N metabolic flux under N-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mai-He Li
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 268, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street 2596, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, LXiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
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16
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NMR spectroscopy analysis reveals differential metabolic responses in arabidopsis roots and leaves treated with a cytokinesis inhibitor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241627. [PMID: 33156865 PMCID: PMC7647083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant cytokinesis, de novo formation of a cell plate evolving into the new cell wall partitions the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. In our earlier chemical genomics studies, we identified and characterized the small molecule endosidin-7, that specifically inhibits callose deposition at the cell plate, arresting late-stage cytokinesis in arabidopsis. Endosidin-7 has emerged as a very valuable tool for dissecting this essential plant process. To gain insights regarding its mode of action and the effects of cytokinesis inhibition on the overall plant response, we investigated the effect of endosidin-7 through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomics approach. In this case study, metabolomics profiles of arabidopsis leaf and root tissues were analyzed at different growth stages and endosidin-7 exposure levels. The results show leaf and root-specific metabolic profile changes and the effects of endosidin-7 treatment on these metabolomes. Statistical analyses indicated that the effect of endosidin-7 treatment was more significant than the developmental impact. The endosidin-7 induced metabolic profiles suggest compensations for cytokinesis inhibition in central metabolism pathways. This study further shows that long-term treatment of endosidin-7 profoundly changes, likely via alteration of hormonal regulation, the primary metabolism of arabidopsis seedlings. Hormonal pathway-changes are likely reflecting the plant’s responses, compensating for the arrested cell division, which in turn are leading to global metabolite modulation. The presented NMR spectral data are made available through the Metabolomics Workbench, providing a reference resource for the scientific community.
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17
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Alharbi B, Hunt JD, Dimitrova S, Spadafora ND, Cort AP, Colombo D, Müller CT, Ghuge SA, Davoli D, Cona A, Mariotti L, Picciarelli P, de Graaf B, Rogers HJ. Mutation of Arabidopsis Copper-Containing Amine Oxidase Gene AtCuAOδ Alters Polyamines, Reduces Gibberellin Content and Affects Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7789. [PMID: 33096855 PMCID: PMC7589035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are essential metabolites in plants performing multiple functions during growth and development. Copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) catalyse the catabolism of PAs and in Arabidopsis thaliana are encoded by a gene family. Two mutants of one gene family member, AtCuAOδ, showed delayed seed germination, leaf emergence, and flowering time. The height of the primary inflorescence shoot was reduced, and developmental leaf senescence was delayed. Siliques were significantly longer in mutant lines and contained more seeds. The phenotype of AtCuAOδ over-expressors was less affected. Before flowering, there was a significant increase in putrescine in AtCuAOδ mutant leaves compared to wild type (WT), while after flowering both spermidine and spermine concentrations were significantly higher than in WT leaves. The expression of GA (gibberellic acid) biosynthetic genes was repressed and the content of GA1, GA7, GA8, GA9, and GA20 was reduced in the mutants. The inhibitor of copper-containing amine oxidases, aminoguanidine hydrochloride, mimicked the effect of AtCuAOδ mutation on WT seed germination. Delayed germination, reduced shoot height, and delayed flowering in the mutants were rescued by GA3 treatment. These data strongly suggest AtCuAOδ is an important gene regulating PA homeostasis, and that a perturbation of PAs affects plant development through a reduction in GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Alharbi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Julie D. Hunt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Simone Dimitrova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Natasha D. Spadafora
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Alex P. Cort
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Davide Colombo
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Carsten T. Müller
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Sandip A. Ghuge
- Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146 Roma, Italy; (S.A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Daniela Davoli
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Alessandra Cona
- Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146 Roma, Italy; (S.A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Piero Picciarelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Barend de Graaf
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
| | - Hilary J. Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.A.); (J.D.H.); (S.D.); (N.D.S.); (A.P.C.); (D.C.); (C.T.M.); (D.D.); (B.d.G.)
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18
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Ozgur R, Uzilday B, Bor M, Turkan I. The involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153250. [PMID: 32836022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of secretory protein production and folding and its homeostasis under environmental stress is vital for the maintenance of the protein secretory pathway. The loss of homeostasis and accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER is referred to as ER stress. Although, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important regulator of stress response in plants, its roles during ER stress remains unclear. This study investigated the involvement of GABA in the ER stress response of plants. For this, changes in GABA metabolism under ER stress was analysed in Arabidopsis thaliana, then to study the response of the ER-folding machinery, plants were treated with exogenous GABA under ER stress. The antibiotic tunicamycin, which inhibits N-glycosylation was used to specifically induce ER stress. This stress up-regulated the expression of five glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) genes except GAD2 and GABA content of A. thaliana plants increased with an increasing concentration of tunicamycin (0.1 μg ml-1 and 0.25 μg ml-1). Moreover, expressions of genes involved in the conversion of GABA to succinate was also induced, while genes involved in transport across plasma and mitochondrial membrane showed no response to ER stress. The exogenous treatment of plants with 1-and 5-mM GABA increased plant performance under ER stress but 0.1 mM proved ineffective. Plants treated with GABA under ER stress had decreased expression of ER stress marker genes such as BIP1, BIP3 or CNX, but the expression of genes related to ER stress perception or ER-associated protein degradation showed no changes with respect to GABA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Melike Bor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmır, Turkey.
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Pan R, Liu J, Wang S, Hu J. Peroxisomes: versatile organelles with diverse roles in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1410-1427. [PMID: 31442305 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are small, ubiquitous organelles that are delimited by a single membrane and lack genetic material. However, these simple-structured organelles are highly versatile in morphology, abundance and protein content in response to various developmental and environmental cues. In plants, peroxisomes are essential for growth and development and perform diverse metabolic functions, many of which are carried out coordinately by peroxisomes and other organelles physically interacting with peroxisomes. Recent studies have added greatly to our knowledge of peroxisomes, addressing areas such as the diverse proteome, regulation of division and protein import, pexophagy, matrix protein degradation, solute transport, signaling, redox homeostasis and various metabolic and physiological functions. This review summarizes our current understanding of plant peroxisomes, focusing on recent discoveries. Current problems and future efforts required to better understand these organelles are also discussed. An improved understanding of peroxisomes will be important not only to the understanding of eukaryotic cell biology and metabolism, but also to agricultural efforts aimed at improving crop performance and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Pan
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- MSU-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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20
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Kanwal S, Incharoensakdi A. GABA synthesis mediated by γ-aminobutanal dehydrogenase in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 with disrupted glutamate and α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110287. [PMID: 31779897 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A pathway for polyamine-derived GABA synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was explored by disrupting both the glutamate decarboxylase and α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase genes. The generated Δgad:Δkgd strain had increased intracellular α-ketoglutarate and polyamine levels compared to the wild type. Gene transcript analysis using RT-PCR indicated that the Δgad:Δkgd strain had up-regulated expression of a putative gadbh whose gene product, γ-aminobutanal dehydrogenase, would catalyze the conversion of γ-aminobutanal to GABA. A strain with disrupted gabdh showed an increase in GABA, glutamate, succinate and spermidine levels. These findings provide evidence for a link between spermidine degradation and GABA synthesis in cyanobacteria. This study highlights the role of γ-aminobutanal dehydrogenase in maintaining an intact tricarboxylic acid cycle in Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simab Kanwal
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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Lv J, Sun D, Yan D, Ti X, Liu P, Li J. Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Marker Identification for Low Salinity Tolerance Trait in the Swimming Crab ( Portunus trituberculatus). Front Genet 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31850064 PMCID: PMC6900548 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Low salinity is one of the most important abiotic factors that directly affect the abundance of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping could be helpful in identifying the markers and genes involved in low salinity tolerance. In this study, two QTLs of low salt tolerance were mapped on linkage group 17 (LG17, 2.6-5.2 cM) based on a high-density linkage map. Ninety-five markers related to low salinity tolerance were identified via association analysis, and seventy-nine low salt-related candidate genes (including ammonium transport, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and glucosyltransferase) were screened from draft genome of the species via these markers. This represents the first report of QTL mapping for low salinity tolerance in the swimming crab, which may be useful to elucidate salinity adaptation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Deping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingbin Ti
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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22
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Shimizu Y, Rai A, Okawa Y, Tomatsu H, Sato M, Kera K, Suzuki H, Saito K, Yamazaki M. Metabolic diversification of nitrogen-containing metabolites by the expression of a heterologous lysine decarboxylase gene in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:505-521. [PMID: 31364191 PMCID: PMC6899585 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysine decarboxylase converts l-lysine to cadaverine as a branching point for the biosynthesis of plant Lys-derived alkaloids. Although cadaverine contributes towards the biosynthesis of Lys-derived alkaloids, its catabolism, including metabolic intermediates and the enzymes involved, is not known. Here, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines by expressing an exogenous lysine/ornithine decarboxylase gene from Lupinus angustifolius (La-L/ODC) and identified cadaverine-derived metabolites as the products of the emerged biosynthetic pathway. Through untargeted metabolic profiling, we observed the upregulation of polyamine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of several Lys-derived alkaloids in the transgenic lines. Moreover, we found several cadaverine-derived metabolites specifically detected in the transgenic lines compared with the non-transformed control. Among these, three specific metabolites were identified and confirmed as 5-aminopentanal, 5-aminopentanoate and δ-valerolactam. Cadaverine catabolism in a representative transgenic line (DC29) was traced by feeding stable isotope-labeled [α-15 N]- or [ε-15 N]-l-lysine. Our results show similar 15 N incorporation ratios from both isotopomers for the specific metabolite features identified, indicating that these metabolites were synthesized via the symmetric structure of cadaverine. We propose biosynthetic pathways for the metabolites on the basis of metabolite chemistry and enzymes known or identified through catalyzing specific biochemical reactions in this study. Our study shows that this pool of enzymes with promiscuous activities is the driving force for metabolite diversification in plants. Thus, this study not only provides valuable information for understanding the catabolic mechanism of cadaverine but also demonstrates that cadaverine accumulation is one of the factors to expand plant chemodiversity, which may lead to the emergence of Lys-derived alkaloid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Amit Rai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
| | - Yuko Okawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
| | - Hajime Tomatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
- Present address:
Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc.246‐2 Mizukami, KakuganjiTsuruokaYamagata997‐0052Japan
| | - Masaru Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute2‐6‐7 Kazusa‐KamatariKisarazuChiba292‐0818Japan
| | - Kota Kera
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
- Present address:
Department of Biomolecular EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAobayama 6‐6‐07Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute2‐6‐7 Kazusa‐KamatariKisarazuChiba292‐0818Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
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Santiago JP, Sharkey TD. Pollen development at high temperature and role of carbon and nitrogen metabolites. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2759-2775. [PMID: 31077385 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and seed crop production heavily relies on successful stigma pollination, pollen tube growth, and fertilization of female gametes. These processes depend on production of viable pollen grains, a process sensitive to high-temperature stress. Therefore, rising global temperatures threaten worldwide crop production. Close observation of plant development shows that high-temperature stress causes morpho-anatomical changes in male reproductive tissues that contribute to reproductive failure. These changes include early tapetum degradation, anther indehiscence, and deformity of pollen grains, all of which are contributing factors to pollen fertility. At the molecular level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate when plants are subjected to high temperatures. ROS is a signalling molecule that can be beneficial or detrimental for plant cells depending on its balance with the endogenous cellular antioxidant system. Many metabolites have been linked with ROS over the years acting as direct scavengers or molecular stabilizers that promote antioxidant enzyme activity. This review highlights recent advances in research on anther and pollen development and how these might explain the aberrations seen during high-temperature stress; recent work on the role of nitrogen and carbon metabolites in anther and pollen development is discussed including their potential role at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Santiago
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
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Parthasarathy A, Savka MA, Hudson AO. The Synthesis and Role of β-Alanine in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:921. [PMID: 31379903 PMCID: PMC6657504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on amino acids are focused on the proteinogenic amino acids given their essential roles in protein synthesis among other pathways. In addition to 20 ubiquitous amino acids used in protein synthesis, plants synthesize over 250 non-proteinogenic amino acids that are involved in the synthesis of compounds that are anti-herbivory, anti-microbial, response to abiotic stresses, nitrogen storage, toxins against both vertebrates/invertebrates, and plant hormones among others. One such non-proteinogenic acid is β-alanine, which is known mainly for studies on humans. β-Alanine forms a part of pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is incorporated into the universal carbon shuttling compounds Coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein, in all organisms including plants. The focus of this review, however, is on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and the role of β-alanine in plants. There are several functions of β-alanine unique to plants. It is accumulated as a generic stress response molecule involved in protecting plants from temperature extremes, hypoxia, drought, heavy metal shock, and some biotic stresses. There is evidence of its participation in lignin biosynthesis and ethylene production in some species. It is further converted to the osmoprotective compound β-alanine betaine in some species and converted to the antioxidant homoglutathione in others. The polyamines spermine/spermidine, propionate and uracil have been shown to be precursors of β-alanine in plants. However, plants vary in terms of their biosynthetic pathways, and the primary metabolism of β-alanine is far from settled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André O. Hudson
- The Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
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25
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Corpas FJ, Del Río LA, Palma JM. Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H 2 O 2 metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:803-816. [PMID: 30609289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental conditions. These organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress situations. Furthermore, peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferate and also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular status. An important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which generates two key molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins, peptides or fatty acids. This review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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26
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Zuo Z, Weraduwage SM, Lantz AT, Sanchez LM, Weise SE, Wang J, Childs KL, Sharkey TD. Isoprene Acts as a Signaling Molecule in Gene Networks Important for Stress Responses and Plant Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:124-152. [PMID: 30760638 PMCID: PMC6501071 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene synthase converts dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene and appears to be necessary and sufficient to allow plants to emit isoprene at significant rates. Isoprene can protect plants from abiotic stress but is not produced naturally by all plants; for example, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) do not produce isoprene. It is typically present at very low concentrations, suggesting a role as a signaling molecule; however, its exact physiological role and mechanism of action are not fully understood. We transformed Arabidopsis with a Eucalyptus globulus isoprene synthase The regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis and isoprene emission were similar to those of native emitters, indicating that regulation of isoprene emission is not specific to isoprene-emitting species. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were enhanced by isoprene, which also had a marked positive effect on hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf, and inflorescence growth in Arabidopsis. By contrast, leaf and stem growth was reduced in tobacco engineered to emit isoprene. Expression of genes belonging to signaling networks or associated with specific growth regulators (e.g. gibberellic acid that promotes growth and jasmonic acid that promotes defense) and genes that lead to stress tolerance was altered by isoprene emission. Isoprene likely executes its effects on growth and stress tolerance through direct regulation of gene expression. Enhancement of jasmonic acid-mediated defense signaling by isoprene may trigger a growth-defense tradeoff leading to variations in the growth response. Our data support a role for isoprene as a signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sarathi M Weraduwage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Alexandra T Lantz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Lydia M Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sean E Weise
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Yue J, Du C, Ji J, Xie T, Chen W, Chang E, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. Inhibition of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity affects adventitious root growth in poplar via changes in GABA shunt. PLANTA 2018; 248:963-979. [PMID: 29982922 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blocking α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase results in up-regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt activity, and inhibits the growth of poplar adventitious roots (ARs), indicating that AR growth is closely associated with GABA shunt. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt starts from α-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is thought to represent the cross road between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Previous studies (Araújo et al. 2012b, Plant Cell 24: 2328-2351) have shown that blocking α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) affects the GABA shunt activity, and inhibits growth. However, its effects on the growth of adventitious roots (ARs) are unclear. In this study, the growth of ARs in tissue-cultured 84K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa cv. '84K') was significantly inhibited when succinyl phosphate (SP), a specific inhibitor of α-KGDH, was supplied. The inhibition of ARs was associated with significant changes in the levels of soluble sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, and was coupled with the up-regulation of the GABA shunt activity at the transcriptional and translational levels. Exogenous GABA also inhibited AR growth following the increase of the endogenous GABA level. Transcriptomic analyses further showed that genes related to cell wall carbon metabolism and phytohormone (indoleacetic acid, ABA, and ethylene) signaling were affected by the changes of GABA shunt activity, resulting from the α-KGDH inhibition. Thus, our study indicates that the inhibition of poplar AR growth by blocking α-KGDH is closely associated with GABA shunt, which would benefit a better understanding of GABA's roles in plant development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
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28
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Ji J, Yue J, Xie T, Chen W, Du C, Chang E, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. Roles of γ-aminobutyric acid on salinity-responsive genes at transcriptomic level in poplar: involving in abscisic acid and ethylene-signalling pathways. PLANTA 2018; 248:675-690. [PMID: 29948123 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) affected ABA and ethylene metabolic genes and signal components in salt-treated poplar, indicating its potential role in signal pathways of ABA and ethylene during salt stress. GABA is a small signalling molecule that accumulates rapidly in plants exposed to various stresses. However, the relationship between GABA and other signalling molecules, such as hormones, remains unclear. Here, in the poplar woody plant under 200-mM NaCl conditions, the application of low (0.25 mM) and high (10 mM) exogenous GABA, compared to 0 mM, affected the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and hormones, including ABA and ethylene, in different manners. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that 1025 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; |log2Ratio| ≥ 1.5) were widely affected by exogenous GABA under salt stress. A clustering analysis revealed that GABA could rescue or promote the effects of salt stress on gene expression. Among them, 146 genes involved in six hormone-signalling pathways were enriched, including 22 ABA- and 50 ethylene-related genes. Quantitative expression of selected genes involved in hormone-related pathways showed that ABA metabolic genes (ABAG, ABAH2, and ABAH4), ethylene biosynthetic genes (ACO1, ACO2, ACO5, ACOH1, ACS1, and ACS7) and receptor genes (PYL1, PYL2, PYL4, and PYL6) were regulated by exogenous GABA, even at a 0.1 mM level. The production of ABA was negatively correlated with ABAH expression levels at different GABA concentrations. The increase of endogenous GABA, resulting from inhibitor (succinyl phosphonate) of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, affected the PYLs levels. Thus, GABA may be involved in ABA- and ethylene-signalling pathways. Our data provide a better understanding of GABA's roles in the plant responses to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
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29
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Podlešáková K, Ugena L, Spíchal L, Doležal K, De Diego N. Phytohormones and polyamines regulate plant stress responses by altering GABA pathway. N Biotechnol 2018; 48:53-65. [PMID: 30048769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates rapidly in response to environmental stress and variations in its endogenous concentration have been shown to affect plant growth. Exogenous application of GABA has also conferred higher stress tolerance by modulating the expression of genes involved in plant signalling, transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species production and polyamine metabolism. Plant hormones play critical roles in adaptation of plants to adverse environmental conditions through a sophisticated crosstalk among them. Several studies have provided evidence for the relationships between GABA, polyamines and hormones such as abscisic acid, cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins and ethylene, among others, focussing on the effect that one specific group of compounds exerts over the metabolic and signalling pathways of others. In this review, we bring together information obtained from plants exposed to several stress conditions and discuss the possible links among these different groups of molecules. The analysis supports the view that highly conserved pathways connect primary and secondary metabolism, with an overlap of regulatory functions related to stress responses and tolerance among phytohormones, amino acids and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Podlešáková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
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Liu H, Zhou Y, Li H, Wang T, Zhang J, Ouyang B, Ye Z. Molecular and functional characterization of ShNAC1, an NAC transcription factor from Solanum habrochaites. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 271:9-19. [PMID: 29650161 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of plant adaptation to abiotic stress. In this study, we functionally characterized an NAC TF, ShNAC1, from Solanum habrochaites. ShNAC1 was up-regulated by drought, cold, and salt stresses, and it displayed lower expression at the late stage of stress treatments than its orthologous gene in S. lycopersicum. Overexpression of ShNAC1 in tomato resulted in reduced cold, drought, and salt tolerance. Additionally, ShNAC1 displayed the highest expression in senescent leaf, and overexpressing ShNAC1 accelerated salt- and dark-induced leaf senescence. ShNAC1 was located in the nucleus without transactivation activity. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 81% (190 out of 234) differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) showed down-regulation in the transgenic line L2 compared with wild-type, suggesting that ShNAC1 may function as a transcriptional repressor. Among these down-regulated DEGs, many were involved in stress responses, such as SlHKT1;1, SlMAPKKK59, SlJA2, SlTIL, SlALDH2B1, etc. Noticeably, one ACS gene and three ACO genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis were up-regulated, while seven ERF genes in the ethylene signal transduction pathway were down-regulated in the transgenic lines, respectively. Our results suggested that ShNAC1 negatively regulates tolerance to abiotic stress in tomato probably by modulating the ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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31
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The modulation of acetic acid pathway genes in Arabidopsis improves survival under drought stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7831. [PMID: 29777132 PMCID: PMC5959891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis histone deacetylase 6 (HDA6) mutant exhibits increased tolerance to drought stress by negatively regulating the expression of ALDH2B7 and PDC1. Therefore, it was logical to determine if transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing PDC1 or ALDH2B7 using a suitable promoter would also exhibit tolerance to drought stress. An analysis of published microarray data indicated the up-regulation of the TSPO gene, which encodes an outer membrane tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TSPO), by drought stress. RT-qPCR, as well as GUS analysis of the promoter, confirmed the up-regulation of TSPO by drought stress in Arabidopsis roots and shoots. Thus, the TSPO promoter was used to drive drought-responsive expression of ALDH2B7 and PDC1. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression of PDC1 and ALDH2B7 was up-regulated, relative to WT plants, by drought stress in homozygous pTSPO-PDC1 and pTSPO-ALDH2B7 plant lines. pTSPO-ALDH2B7 and pTSPO-PDC1 transgenic lines showed prolonged survival under drought stress. Microarray analyses revealed transcriptomic changes related to metabolism in pTSPO-PDC1 plants, indicating that selective regulation of metabolism may occur; resulting in the acquisition of drought stress tolerance. These results confirmed that TSPO promoter can be used to elevate the expression of acetic acid biosynthesis pathway genes; ensuring prolonged survival under drought stress in Arabidopsis.
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Kusano T, Sagor GHM, Berberich T. Molecules for Sensing Polyamines and Transducing Their Action in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:25-35. [PMID: 29080152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines play important roles in growth, development, and adaptive responses to various stresses. In the past two decades, progress in plant polyamine research has accelerated, and the key molecules and components involved in many biological events have been identified. Recently, polyamine sensors used to detect polyamine-enriched foods and polyamines derived from degrading flesh were identified in fly and zebrafish, respectively. Work has begun to identify such molecules in plants as well. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about polyamines in plants. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of key molecules, such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, γ-aminobutyric acid, polyamine transporters, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, from the viewpoint of polyamine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Kusano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - G H M Sagor
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Thomas Berberich
- Laboratory Center, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), George-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Brikis CJ, Zarei A, Chiu GZ, Deyman KL, Liu J, Trobacher CP, Hoover GJ, Subedi S, DeEll JR, Bozzo GG, Shelp BJ. Targeted quantitative profiling of metabolites and gene transcripts associated with 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) in apple fruit stored under multiple abiotic stresses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:61. [PMID: 30510768 PMCID: PMC6269452 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
4-Aminobutyrate accumulates in plants under abiotic stress. Here, targeted quantitative profiling of metabolites and transcripts was conducted to monitor glutamate- and polyamine-derived 4-aminobutyrate production and its subsequent catabolism to succinate or 4-hydroxybutyrate in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit stored at 0 °C with 2.5 kPa O2 and 0.03 or 5 kPa CO2 for 16 weeks. Low-temperature-induced protein hydrolysis appeared to be responsible for the enhanced availability of amino acids during early storage, and the resulting higher glutamate level stimulated 4-aminobutyrate levels more than polyamines. Elevated CO2 increased the levels of polyamines, as well as succinate and 4-hydroxybutyrate, during early storage, and 4-aminobutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate over the longer term. Expression of all of the genes likely involved in 4-aminobutyrate metabolism from glutamate/polyamines to succinate/4-hydroxybutyrate was induced in a co-ordinated manner. CO2-regulated expression of apple GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 2, AMINE OXIDASE 1, ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 10A8 and POLYAMINE OXIDASE 2 was evident with longer term storage. Evidence suggested that respiratory activities were restricted by the elevated CO2/O2 environment, and that decreasing NAD+ availability and increasing NADPH and NADPH/NADP+, respectively, played key roles in the regulation of succinate and 4-hydroxybutyate accumulation. Together, these findings suggest that both transcriptional and biochemical mechanisms are associated with 4-aminobutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in apple fruit stored under multiple abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne J. Brikis
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Adel Zarei
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Greta Z. Chiu
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Kristen L. Deyman
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Jingyun Liu
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | | | - Gordon J. Hoover
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA
| | - Jennifer R. DeEll
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Box 587, 1283 Blueline Rd. at Highway 3, Simcoe, Ontario N3Y 4N5 Canada
| | - Gale G. Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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Kopečná M, Vigouroux A, Vilím J, Končitíková R, Briozzo P, Hájková E, Jašková L, von Schwartzenberg K, Šebela M, Moréra S, Kopečný D. The ALDH21 gene found in lower plants and some vascular plants codes for a NADP + -dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:229-243. [PMID: 28749584 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lower plant species including some green algae, non-vascular plants (bryophytes) as well as the oldest vascular plants (lycopods) and ferns (monilophytes) possess a unique aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene named ALDH21, which is upregulated during dehydration. However, the gene is absent in flowering plants. Here, we show that ALDH21 from the moss Physcomitrella patens codes for a tetrameric NADP+ -dependent succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSALDH), which converts succinic semialdehyde, an intermediate of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway, into succinate in the cytosol. NAD+ is a very poor coenzyme for ALDH21 unlike for mitochondrial SSALDHs (ALDH5), which are the closest related ALDH members. Structural comparison between the apoform and the coenzyme complex reveal that NADP+ binding induces a conformational change of the loop carrying Arg-228, which seals the NADP+ in the coenzyme cavity via its 2'-phosphate and α-phosphate groups. The crystal structure with the bound product succinate shows that its carboxylate group establishes salt bridges with both Arg-121 and Arg-457, and a hydrogen bond with Tyr-296. While both arginine residues are pre-formed for substrate/product binding, Tyr-296 moves by more than 1 Å. Both R121A and R457A variants are almost inactive, demonstrating a key role of each arginine in catalysis. Our study implies that bryophytes but presumably also some green algae, lycopods and ferns, which carry both ALDH21 and ALDH5 genes, can oxidize SSAL to succinate in both cytosol and mitochondria, indicating a more diverse GABA shunt pathway compared with higher plants carrying only the mitochondrial ALDH5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kopečná
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Armelle Vigouroux
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS-CEA-Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jan Vilím
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Končitíková
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Briozzo
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Eva Hájková
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Jašková
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marek Šebela
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Solange Moréra
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS-CEA-Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Daygon VD, Calingacion M, Forster LC, Voss JJD, Schwartz BD, Ovenden B, Alonso DE, McCouch SR, Garson MJ, Fitzgerald MA. Metabolomics and genomics combine to unravel the pathway for the presence of fragrance in rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8767. [PMID: 28821745 PMCID: PMC5562744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was first characterised in 1983, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) has been considered to be the most important aroma compound in rice. In this study, we show four other amine heterocycles: 6-methyl, 5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine (6M5OTP), 2-acetylpyrrole, pyrrole and 1-pyrroline, that correlate strongly with the production of 2AP, and are present in consistent proportions in a set of elite aromatic rice varieties from South East Asia and Australia as well as in a collection of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from indica Jasmine-type varieties, Australian long grain varieties (temperate japonica) and Basmati-type rice (Grp V). These compounds were detected through untargeted metabolite profiling by two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS), and their identity were confirmed by comparison with authentic standards analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and High Resolution GC × GC-TOF-MS (GC × GC HRT-4D). Genome-wide association analysis indicates that all compounds co-localised with a single quantitative trait locus (QTL) that harbours the FGR gene responsible for the production of GABA. Together, these data provide new insights into the production of 2AP, and evidence for understanding the pathway leading to the accumulation of aroma in fragrant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venea Dara Daygon
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariafe Calingacion
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Louise C Forster
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Ovenden
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, NSW, 2703, Australia
| | - David E Alonso
- LECO Corporation Life Science and Chemical Analysis Centre, 1850 Hilltop Rd, Saint Joseph, MI, 49085, USA
| | - Susan R McCouch
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Melissa A Fitzgerald
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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36
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Zarei A, Brikis CJ, Bajwa VS, Chiu GZ, Simpson JP, DeEll JR, Bozzo GG, Shelp BJ. Plant Glyoxylate/Succinic Semialdehyde Reductases: Comparative Biochemical Properties, Function during Chilling Stress, and Subcellular Localization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1399. [PMID: 28855911 PMCID: PMC5558127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant NADPH-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (cytosolic GLYR1 and plastidial/mitochondrial GLYR2) are considered to be of particular importance under abiotic stress conditions. Here, the apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) GLYR1s and GLYR2s were characterized and their kinetic properties were compared to those of previously characterized GLYRs from Arabidopsis thaliana [L.] Heynh. The purified recombinant GLYRs had an affinity for glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde, respectively, in the low micromolar and millimolar ranges, and were inhibited by NADP+. Comparison of the GLYR activity in cell-free extracts from wild-type Arabidopsis and a glyr1 knockout mutant revealed that approximately 85 and 15% of the cellular GLYR activity is cytosolic and plastidial/mitochondrial, respectively. Recovery of GLYR activity in purified mitochondria from the Arabidopsis glyr1 mutant, free from cytosolic GLYR1 or plastidial GLYR2 contamination, provided additional support for the targeting of GLYR2 to mitochondria, as well as plastids. The growth of plantlets or roots of various Arabidopsis lines with altered GLYR activity responded differentially to succinic semialdehyde or glyoxylate under chilling conditions. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential regulation of highly conserved plant GLYRs by NADPH/NADP+ ratios in planta, and their roles in the reduction of toxic aldehydes in plants subjected to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Zarei
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | | | | | - Greta Z. Chiu
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer R. DeEll
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, SimcoeON, Canada
| | - Gale G. Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
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37
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Zhao GC, Xie MX, Wang YC, Li JY. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Giant Embryo Rice Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4883-4889. [PMID: 28587460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying GABA accumulation in giant embryo rice seeds, we analyzed the expression levels of GABA metabolism genes and contents of GABA and GABA metabolic intermediates in developing grains and germinated brown rice of giant embryo rice 'Shangshida No. 5' and normal embryo rice 'Chao2-10' respectively. In developing grains, the higher GABA contents in 'Shangshida No. 5' were accompanied with upregulation of gene transcripts and intermediate contents in the polyamine pathway and downregulation of GABA catabolic gene transcripts, as compared with those in 'Chao2-10'. In germinated brown rice, the higher GABA contents in 'Shangshida No. 5' were parallel with upregulation of OsGAD and polyamine pathway gene transcripts and Glu and polyamine pathway intermediate contents and downregulation of GABA catabolic gene transcripts. These results are the first to indicate that polyamine pathway and GABA catabolic genes play a crucial role in GABA accumulation in giant embryo rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chao Zhao
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi-Xue Xie
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Cun Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yue Li
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
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38
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Shelp BJ, Zarei A. Subcellular compartmentation of 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) metabolism in arabidopsis: An update. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1322244. [PMID: 28448196 PMCID: PMC5501244 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1322244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This addendum discusses the compartmentation of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) metabolism, highlighting recent progress with Arabidopsis thaliana and raising new questions about the roles of mitochondria, plastids and peroxisomes in abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- CONTACT Barry J. Shelp Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adel Zarei
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Liao J, Wu X, Xing Z, Li Q, Duan Y, Fang W, Zhu X. γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) through the GABA Shunt and Polyamine Degradation Pathways under Anoxia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3013-3018. [PMID: 28355482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important bioactive component of tea (Camellia sinensis) providing various health benefits. We studied GABA accumulation via the GABA shunt and polyamine degradation pathways under anoxia in tea leaves. Anoxia caused a ∼20-fold increment in GABA concentration, relative to fresh tea leaves. This increment was due to the increase of glutamate decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activities. Genes involved in GABA formation, such as CsGAD1 and CsGAD2, were significantly up-regulated by anoxia. The concentrations of putrescine and spermine, two substrates for GABA production, were also increased by anoxia. Treating tea leaves with aminoguanidine completely inhibited diamine oxidase activity during anoxia, but the concentration of GABA decreased by only ∼25%. We infer that about one-fourth of GABA formed in tea leaves under anoxia comes from the polyamine degradation pathway, opening the possibility of producing GABA tea based through the regulation of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieren Liao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayuan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xing
- Suzhou Jiahe Foods Industry Company Ltd. , Wujiang, Suzhou 215222, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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