1
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Gribben C, Galanakis V, Calderwood A, Williams EC, Chazarra-Gil R, Larraz M, Frau C, Puengel T, Guillot A, Rouhani FJ, Mahbubani K, Godfrey E, Davies SE, Athanasiadis E, Saeb-Parsy K, Tacke F, Allison M, Mohorianu I, Vallier L. Acquisition of epithelial plasticity in human chronic liver disease. Nature 2024; 630:166-173. [PMID: 38778114 PMCID: PMC11153150 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
For many adult human organs, tissue regeneration during chronic disease remains a controversial subject. Regenerative processes are easily observed in animal models, and their underlying mechanisms are becoming well characterized1-4, but technical challenges and ethical aspects are limiting the validation of these results in humans. We decided to address this difficulty with respect to the liver. This organ displays the remarkable ability to regenerate after acute injury, although liver regeneration in the context of recurring injury remains to be fully demonstrated. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on 47 liver biopsies from patients with different stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease to establish a cellular map of the liver during disease progression. We then combined these single-cell-level data with advanced 3D imaging to reveal profound changes in the liver architecture. Hepatocytes lose their zonation and considerable reorganization of the biliary tree takes place. More importantly, our study uncovers transdifferentiation events that occur between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes without the presence of adult stem cells or developmental progenitor activation. Detailed analyses and functional validations using cholangiocyte organoids confirm the importance of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in this process, thereby connecting this acquisition of plasticity to insulin signalling. Together, our data indicate that chronic injury creates an environment that induces cellular plasticity in human organs, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of this process could open new therapeutic avenues in the management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gribben
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vasileios Galanakis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Calderwood
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor C Williams
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruben Chazarra-Gil
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Larraz
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carla Frau
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Puengel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Edmund Godfrey
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanouil Athanasiadis
- Greek Genome Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Allison
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Zheng J, Li Z, Xu H. Intestinal Microbiotas and Alcoholic Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Value. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14809. [PMID: 37834256 PMCID: PMC10573193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a rapidly progressing and severe stage of alcoholic liver disease, presenting a grim prognosis. Extensive research has elucidated several underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of AH, including metabolic alterations, immune stimulation, and intestinal dysbiosis. These pathological changes intricately intertwine during the progression of AH. Notably, recent studies have increasingly highlighted the pivotal role of alterations in the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AH. Consequently, future investigations should place significant emphasis on exploring the dynamics of intestinal microbiota. In this comprehensive review, we consolidate the primary causes of AH while underscoring the influence of gut microbes. Furthermore, by examining AH treatment strategies, we delineate the potential therapeutic value of interventions targeting the gut microbiota. Given the existing limitations in AH treatment options, we anticipate that this review will contribute to forthcoming research endeavors aimed at advancing AH treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zheng
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziyi Li
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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3
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Maji RK, Czepukojc B, Scherer M, Tierling S, Cadenas C, Gianmoena K, Gasparoni N, Nordström K, Gasparoni G, Laggai S, Yang X, Sinha A, Ebert P, Falk-Paulsen M, Kinkley S, Hoppstädter J, Chung HR, Rosenstiel P, Hengstler JG, Walter J, Schulz MH, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK. Alterations in the hepatocyte epigenetic landscape in steatosis. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 37415213 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease or the accumulation of fat in the liver, has been reported to affect the global population. This comes with an increased risk for the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Yet, little is known about the effects of a diet containing high fat and alcohol towards epigenetic aging, with respect to changes in transcriptional and epigenomic profiles. In this study, we took up a multi-omics approach and integrated gene expression, methylation signals, and chromatin signals to study the epigenomic effects of a high-fat and alcohol-containing diet on mouse hepatocytes. We identified four relevant gene network clusters that were associated with relevant pathways that promote steatosis. Using a machine learning approach, we predict specific transcription factors that might be responsible to modulate the functionally relevant clusters. Finally, we discover four additional CpG loci and validate aging-related differential CpG methylation. Differential CpG methylation linked to aging showed minimal overlap with altered methylation in steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kumar Maji
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beate Czepukojc
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gianmoena
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karl Nordström
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Laggai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anupam Sinha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Ebert
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Kinkley
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Multimodal Computing and Interaction, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Experimental Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
- Halle Research Centre for Drug Therapy (HRCDT), Halle, Germany.
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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4
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Odriozola A, Santos-Laso A, Del Barrio M, Cabezas J, Iruzubieta P, Arias-Loste MT, Rivas C, Duque JCR, Antón Á, Fábrega E, Crespo J. Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolism and Alcohol Interplay: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097791. [PMID: 37175497 PMCID: PMC10178387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years because of the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Western population. Alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) is the most common cause of cirrhosis and constitutes the leading cause of cirrhosis-related deaths worldwide. Both NAFLD and ArLD constitute well-known causes of liver damage, with some similarities in their pathophysiology. For this reason, they can lead to the progression of liver disease, being responsible for a high proportion of liver-related events and liver-related deaths. Whether ArLD impacts the prognosis and progression of liver damage in patients with NAFLD is still a matter of debate. Nowadays, the synergistic deleterious effect of obesity and diabetes is clearly established in patients with ArLD and heavy alcohol consumption. However, it is still unknown whether low to moderate amounts of alcohol are good or bad for liver health. The measurement and identification of the possible synergistic deleterious effect of alcohol consumption in the assessment of patients with NAFLD is crucial for clinicians, since early intervention, advising abstinence and controlling cardiovascular risk factors would improve the prognosis of patients with both comorbidities. This article seeks to perform a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of both disorders and measure the impact of alcohol consumption in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Odriozola
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - María Del Barrio
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cabezas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - María Teresa Arias-Loste
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Coral Rivas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez Duque
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ángela Antón
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Emilio Fábrega
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla Universitary Hospital, Av. Valdecilla 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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5
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Ventura-Cots M, Argemi J, Jones PD, Lackner C, El Hag M, Abraldes JG, Alvarado E, Clemente A, Ravi S, Alves A, Alboraie M, Altamirano J, Barace S, Bosques F, Brown R, Caballeria J, Cabezas J, Carvalhana S, Cortez-Pinto H, Costa A, Degré D, Fernandez-Carrillo C, Ganne-Carrie N, Garcia-Tsao G, Genesca J, Koskinas J, Lanthier N, Louvet A, Lozano JJ, Lucey MR, Masson S, Mathurin P, Mendez-Sanchez N, Miquel R, Moreno C, Mounajjed T, Odena G, Kim W, Sancho-Bru P, Warren Sands R, Szafranska J, Verset L, Schnabl B, Sempoux C, Shah V, Shawcross DL, Stauber RE, Straub BK, Verna E, Tiniakos D, Trépo E, Vargas V, Villanueva C, Woosley JT, Ziol M, Mueller S, Stärkel P, Bataller R. Clinical, histological and molecular profiling of different stages of alcohol-related liver disease. Gut 2022; 71:1856-1866. [PMID: 34992134 PMCID: PMC11034788 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) ranges from never-decompensated ALD (ndALD) to the life-threatening decompensated phenotype, known as alcohol-related hepatitis (AH). A multidimensional study of the clinical, histological and molecular features of these subtypes is lacking. DESIGN Two large cohorts of patients were recruited in an international, observational multicentre study: a retrospective cohort of patients with ndALD (n=110) and a prospective cohort of patients with AH (n=225). Clinical, analytical, immunohistochemistry and hepatic RNA microarray analysis of both disease phenotypes were performed. RESULTS Age and mean alcohol intake were similar in both groups. AH patients had greater aspartate amino transferase/alanine amino transferase ratio and lower gamma-glutamyl transferase levels than in ndALD patients. Patients with AH demonstrated profound liver failure and increased mortality. One-year mortality was 10% in ndALD and 50% in AH. Histologically, steatosis grade, ballooning and pericellular fibrosis were similar in both groups, while advanced fibrosis, Mallory-Denk bodies, bilirubinostasis, severe neutrophil infiltration and ductular reaction were more frequent among AH patients. Transcriptome analysis revealed a profound gene dysregulation within both phenotypes when compare to controls. While ndALD was characterised by deregulated expression of genes involved in matrisome and immune response, the development of AH resulted in a marked deregulation of genes involved in hepatocyte reprogramming and bile acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Despite comparable alcohol intake, AH patients presented with worse liver function compared with ndALD patients. Bilirubinostasis, severe fibrosis and ductular reaction were prominent features of AH. AH patients exhibited a more profound deregulation of gene expression compared with ndALD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia D Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mohamed El Hag
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan G Abraldes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edilmar Alvarado
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Gastroenterology, Hospital of Santa Creu and Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Hospital Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Clemente
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit and Digestive Department, H.G.U. Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samhita Ravi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonio Alves
- Departament of Pathology, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca. Instituto de Anatomia Patologica, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jose Altamirano
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Quironsalud Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Barace
- Centro de investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Hepatology Program, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosques
- Hospital Sant José Tecnológico de Monterrey, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Robert Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Caballeria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Research Institute - IDIVAL, Santander, Santander, Spain
| | - Sofia Carvalhana
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adilia Costa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Santa Maria, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Delphine Degré
- Centre de ressources biologiques (BB-0033-00027) Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Carrillo
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute (IDIPHIM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrie
- Liver Unit, INSERM UMR 1162, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint-Denis, APHP, Université paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joan Genesca
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Koskinas
- 2nd Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITI-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-590000, Lille, France
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael R Lucey
- Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Steven Masson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITI-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-590000, Lille, France
| | - Nahum Mendez-Sanchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation and Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Taofic Mounajjed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gemma Odena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Warren Sands
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justyna Szafranska
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurine Verset
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bern Schnabl
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vijay Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Debbie Lindsay Shawcross
- Liver Sciences, James Black Centre, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Rudolf E Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, Universities of Mainz and Heidelberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Univsersity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eric Trépo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme and Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victor Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Càndid Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John T Woosley
- Pathology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marianne Ziol
- Centre de ressources biologiques (BB-0033-00027) Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Salem Medical Center and Center for Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yang F, Zhou LQ, Yang HW, Wang YJ. Nine-gene signature and nomogram for predicting survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:927614. [PMID: 36092911 PMCID: PMC9449318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.927614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are derived from the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract, salivary glands, thyroid, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The present study aimed to identify the novel genes and pathways underlying HNSCC. Despite the advances in HNSCC research, diagnosis, and treatment, its incidence continues to rise, and the mortality of advanced HNSCC is expected to increase by 50%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective biomarkers to predict HNSCC patients’ prognosis and provide guidance to the personalized treatment.Methods: Both HNSCC clinical and gene expression data were abstracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Intersecting analysis was adopted between the gene expression matrix of HNSCC patients from TCGA database to extract TME-related genes. Differential gene expression analysis between HNSCC tissue samples and normal tissue samples was performed by R software. Then, HNSCC patients were categorized into clusters 1 and 2 via NMF. Next, TME-related prognosis genes (p < 0.05) were analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, nine genes were selected to construct a prognostic risk model and a prognostic gene signature. We also established a nomogram using relevant clinical parameters and a risk score. The Kaplan–Meier curve, survival analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the concordance index (C-index) were carried out to assess the accuracy of the prognostic risk model and nomogram. Potential molecular mechanisms were revealed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Additionally, gene correlation analysis and immune cell correlation analysis were conducted for further enriching our results.Results: A novel HNSCC prognostic model was established based on the nine genes (GTSE1, LRRN4CL, CRYAB, SHOX2, ASNS, KRT23, ANGPT2, HOXA9, and CARD11). The value of area under the ROC curves (AUCs) (0.769, 0.841, and 0.816) in TCGA whole set showed that the model effectively predicted the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS). Results of the Cox regression assessment confirmed the nine-gene signature as a reliable independent prognostic factor in HNSCC patients. The prognostic nomogram developed using multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a superior C-index over other clinical signatures. Also, the calibration curve had a high level of concordance between estimated OS and the observed OS. This showed that its clinical net can precisely estimate the one-, three-, and five-year OS in HNSCC patients. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to some extent revealed the immune- and tumor-linked cascades.Conclusion: In conclusion, the TME-related nine-gene signature and nomogram can effectively improve the estimation of prognosis in patients with HNSCC.
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The Role of Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides and the Intestinal Barrier in Fatty Liver Diseases. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:671-683. [PMID: 34734369 PMCID: PMC8926958 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatosteatosis is the earliest stage in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). As NAFLD is affecting 10-24% of the general population and approximately 70% of obese patients, it carries a large economic burden and is becoming a major reason for liver transplantation worldwide. ALD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality causing 50% of liver cirrhosis and 10% of liver cancer related death. Increasing evidence has accumulated that gut-derived factors play a crucial role in the development and progression of chronic liver diseases. METHODS A selective literature search was conducted in Medline and PubMed, using the terms "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease," "alcoholic liver disease," "lipopolysaccharide," "gut barrier," and "microbiome." RESULTS Gut dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction both contribute to chronic liver disease by abnormal regulation of the gut-liver axis. Thereby, gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are a key factor in inducing the inflammatory response of liver tissue. The review further underlines that endotoxemia is observed in both NAFLD and ALD patients. LPS plays an important role in conducting liver damage through the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway. Treatments targeting the gut microbiome and the gut barrier such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) represent potential treatment modalities for NAFLD and ALD. CONCLUSIONS The gut-liver axis plays an important role in the development of liver disease. Treatments targeting the gut microbiome and the gut barrier have shown beneficial effects in attenuating liver inflammation and need to be further investigated.
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Maeda S, Hikiba Y, Fujiwara H, Ikenoue T, Sue S, Sugimori M, Matsubayashi M, Kaneko H, Irie K, Sasaki T, Chuma M. NAFLD exacerbates cholangitis and promotes cholangiocellular carcinoma in mice. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1471-1480. [PMID: 33506599 PMCID: PMC8019203 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common condition, affecting up to 25% of the population worldwide. NAFLD has been linked to several conditions, including hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however the role of NAFLD in cholangitis and the development of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes cholangitis and the development of CCC in mice. We used liver-specific E-cadherin gene (CDH1) knockout mice, CDH1∆Liv , which develop spontaneous inflammation in the portal areas along with periductal onion skin-like fibrosis, similar to that of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). An HFD or normal diet (ND) was fed to CDH1∆Liv mice for 7 mo. In addition, CDH1∆Liv mice were crossed with LSL-KrasG12D mice, fed an HFD, and assessed in terms of liver tumor development. The extent of cholangitis and number of bile ductules significantly increased in mice fed an HFD compared with ND-administered CDH1∆Liv mice. The numbers of Sox9 and CD44-positive stem cell-like cells were significantly increased in HFD mice. LSL-KrasG12D /CDH1∆Liv HFD mice exhibited increased aggressiveness along with the development of numerous HCC and CCC, whereas LSL-KrasG12D /CDH1∆Liv ND mice showed several macroscopic tumors with both HCC and CCC components. In conclusion, NAFLD exacerbates cholangitis and promotes the development of both HCC and CCC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohko Hikiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujiwara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mao Matsubayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Kedarisetty CK, Kumar A, Sarin SK. Insights into the Role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:67-78. [PMID: 33764486 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is the predominant cause of chronic liver disease globally. The standard of care for the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis, corticosteroids, has been shown to provide a therapeutic response in ∼60% of carefully selected patients with a short-term survival benefit. The patients who do not respond to steroids, or are ineligible due to infections or very severe disease, have little options other than liver transplantation. There is, thus, a large unmet need for new therapeutic strategies for this large and sick group of patients. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to favorably modulate the intrahepatic immune milieu and stimulate the regenerative potential of the liver. Initial studies have shown encouraging results with G-CSF in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. It has also been found to help steroid nonresponsive patients. There is, however, a need for careful selection of patients, regular dose monitoring and close observation for adverse events of G-CSF. In this review, we analyze the basis of the potential benefits, clinical studies, cautions and challenges in the use of G-CSF in alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Kedarisetty
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Chen J, Argemi J, Odena G, Xu MJ, Cai Y, Massey V, Parrish A, Vadigepalli R, Altamirano J, Cabezas J, Gines P, Caballeria J, Snider N, Sancho-Bru P, Akira S, Rusyn I, Gao B, Bataller R. Hepatic lipocalin 2 promotes liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15558. [PMID: 32968110 PMCID: PMC7512007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension influence short-term mortality. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) regulates infection response and increases in liver injury. We explored the role of intrahepatic LCN2 in human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension and in experimental mouse fibrosis. We found hepatic LCN2 expression and serum LCN2 level markedly increased and correlated with disease severity and portal hypertension in patients with AH. In control human livers, LCN2 expressed exclusively in mononuclear cells, while its expression was markedly induced in AH livers, not only in mononuclear cells but also notably in hepatocytes. Lcn2-/- mice were protected from liver fibrosis caused by either ethanol or CCl4 exposure. Microarray analysis revealed downregulation of matrisome, cell cycle and immune related gene sets in Lcn2-/- mice exposed to CCl4, along with decrease in Timp1 and Edn1 expression. Hepatic expression of COL1A1, TIMP1 and key EDN1 system components were elevated in AH patients and correlated with hepatic LCN2 expression. In vitro, recombinant LCN2 induced COL1A1 expression. Overexpression of LCN2 increased HIF1A that in turn mediated EDN1 upregulation. LCN2 contributes to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension in AH and could represent a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiegen Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gemma Odena
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, DM, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, DM, 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Massey
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Austin Parrish
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jose Altamirano
- Hepatology-Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Quironsalud Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Research Institute Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Pere Gines
- Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Caballeria
- Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natasha Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, DM, 20892, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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11
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Safarikia S, Carpino G, Overi D, Cardinale V, Venere R, Franchitto A, Onori P, Alvaro D, Gaudio E. Distinct EpCAM-Positive Stem Cell Niches Are Engaged in Chronic and Neoplastic Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:479. [PMID: 32984373 PMCID: PMC7492539 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal human livers, EpCAMpos cells are mostly restricted in two distinct niches, which are (i) the bile ductules and (ii) the mucous glands present inside the wall of large intrahepatic bile ducts (the so-called peribiliary glands). These EpCAMpos cell niches have been proven to harbor stem/progenitor cells with great importance in liver and biliary tree regeneration and in the pathophysiology of human diseases. The EpCAMpos progenitor cells within bile ductules are engaged in driving regenerative processes in chronic diseases affecting hepatocytes or interlobular bile ducts. The EpCAMpos population within peribiliary glands is activated when regenerative needs are finalized to repair large intra- or extra-hepatic bile ducts affected by chronic pathologies, including primary sclerosing cholangitis and ischemia-induced cholangiopathies after orthotopic liver transplantation. Finally, the presence of distinct EpCAMpos cell populations may explain the histological and molecular heterogeneity characterizing cholangiocarcinoma, based on the concept of multiple candidate cells of origin. This review aimed to describe the precise anatomical distribution of EpCAMpos populations within the liver and the biliary tree and to discuss their contribution in the pathophysiology of human liver diseases, as well as their potential role in regenerative medicine of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Safarikia
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Venere
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Cao Q, Lu X, Azad BB, Pomper M, Smith M, He J, Pi L, Ren B, Ying Z, Sichani BS, Morris M, Dilsizian V. cis-4-[ 18F]fluoro-L-proline Molecular Imaging Experimental Liver Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:90. [PMID: 32500081 PMCID: PMC7243806 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Early-stage liver fibrosis is potentially reversible, but difficult to diagnose. Clinical management would be enhanced by the development of a non-invasive imaging technique able to identify hepatic injury early, before end-stage fibrosis ensues. The analog of the amino acid proline, cis-4-[18F]fluoro-L-proline ([18F]fluoro-proline), which targets collagenogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), was used to detect fibrosis. Methods: Acute steatohepatitis was induced in experimental animals by liquid ethanol diet for 8 weeks, intra-gastric binge feedings every 10th day along with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The control animals received control diet for 8 weeks and an equivalent volume of saline on the same schedule as the acute steatohepatitis model. First, in vitro cellular experiments were carried out to assess [3H]proline uptake by HSC, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells derived from rats with acute steatohepatitis (n = 14) and controls (n = 14). Next, ex vivo liver experiments were done to investigate unlabeled proline-mediated collagen synthesis and its associated proline transporter expression in acute steatohepatitis (n = 5) and controls (n = 5). Last, in vivo dynamic and static [18F]fluoro-proline micro-PET/CT imaging was performed in animal models of acute steatohepatitis (n = 7) and control (n = 7) mice. Results: [3H]proline uptake was 5-fold higher in the HSCs of steatohepatitis rats than controls after incubation of up to 60 min. There was an excellent correlation between [3H]proline uptake and liver collagen expression (r-value > 0.90, p < 0.05). Subsequent liver tissue studies demonstrated 2–3-fold higher proline transporter expression in acute steatohepatitis animals than in controls, and proline-related collagen synthesis was blocked by this transporter inhibitor. In vivo micro-PET/CT studies with [18F]fluoro-proline showed 2–3-fold higher uptake in the livers of acute steatohepatitis mice than in controls. There was an excellent correlation between [18F]fluoro-proline uptake and liver collagen expression in the livers of acute steatohepatitis mice (r-value = 0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusion: [18F]fluoro-proline localizes in the liver and correlates with collagenogenesis in acute steatohepatitis with a signal intensity that is sufficiently high to allow imaging with micro-PET/CT. Thus, [18F]fluoro-proline could serve as a PET imaging biomarker for detecting early-stage liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- The Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xin Lu
- The Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Babak Behnam Azad
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins PET Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martin Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark Smith
- The Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Liya Pi
- The Department of Pediatrics in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bin Ren
- The Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhekang Ying
- The Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Babak Saboury Sichani
- The Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Morris
- The Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vasken Dilsizian
- The Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Furuya S, Argemi J, Uehara T, Katou Y, Fouts DE, Schnabl B, Dubuquoy L, Belorkar A, Vadigepalli R, Kono H, Bataller R, Rusyn I. A Novel Mouse Model of Acute-on-Chronic Cholestatic Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systems Biology Comparison With Human Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:87-101. [PMID: 31710124 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease is the main cause of liver-related mortality worldwide. The development of novel targeted therapies for patients with advanced forms (i.e., alcoholic hepatitis, AH) is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we developed a novel mouse model of acute-on-chronic alcohol liver injury with cholestasis and fibrosis and performed an extensive molecular comparative analysis with human AH. METHODS For the mouse model of acute-on-chronic liver injury, we used 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC, 0.05% w/w) diet for 8 weeks to establish cholestatic liver fibrosis. After 1-week washout period, male mice were fed intragastrically for 4 weeks with up to 24 g/kg of ethyl alcohol in a high-fat diet. This animal model was phenotyped using histopathology, clinical chemistry, microbiome, and gene expression approaches. Data were compared to the phenotypes of human alcohol-related liver disease, including AH. RESULTS Mice with cholestatic liver fibrosis and subsequent alcohol exposure (DDC + EtOH) exhibited exacerbated liver fibrosis with a pericellular pattern, increased neutrophil infiltration, and ductular proliferation, all characteristics of human AH. DDC administration had no effect on urine alcohol concentration or liver steatosis. Importantly, DDC- and alcohol-treated mice showed a transcriptomic signature that resembled that of patients with AH. Finally, we show that mice in the DDC + EtOH group had an increased gut barrier dysfunction, mimicking an important pathophysiological mechanism of human AH. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel mouse model of acute-on-chronic cholestatic alcoholic liver injury that has considerable translational potential and can be used to test novel therapeutic modalities for AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Furuya
- From the , Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (SF, IR), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Center for Liver Diseases, (JA, RB), Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Takeki Uehara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, (TU, YK), Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuki Katou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, (TU, YK), Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, (BS), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Unité INSERM 995, (LD), Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Huriez, Lille Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Lille, France
| | - Abha Belorkar
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, (AB, RV), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, (AB, RV), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, (HK), University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, (JA, RB), Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- From the , Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (SF, IR), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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14
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Zhang J, Chen M, Zhai Y, Fu Y. HOTAIR regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in hepatocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4247-4255. [PMID: 31621909 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) emerges as a crucial mediator in inflammation. Here, we first detected HOTAIR in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated normal human liver cell line (L02) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (C3A, HepG2, and SMMC-7721). Further, we explored the biological function of HOTAIR in LPS-induced hepatocytes (L02 and C3A) lesions and investigated the molecular mechanisms. Besides, we focused on inflammatory signaling crosstalk. The inflammatory insults were assayed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), cell cycle and apoptosis analysis kit, and immunoblotting assay. HOTAIR level was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. To determine the effect of HOTAIR silence or overexpression in inflammation, we applied quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting assay, and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. Regulator inhibitors of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK2/STAT3; AG490) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB; BAY-11-7082) were applied to treat cells. Our results suggested that LPS induced the overexpression of HOTAIR in L02, C3A, HepG2, and SMMC-7721 cells. LPS repressed viability, induced apoptosis, and facilitated the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in L02 and C3A cells. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were upregulated by HOTAIR overexpression while downregulated by HOTAIR knockdown in LPS-treated cells. We further observed that HOTAIR overexpression accelerated LPS-induced phosphorylation whereas HOTAIR silence blocked this progress. Inhibition of JAK/STAT and NF-κB contributed to the suppression of cytokines which was evoked by LPS. Collectively, our findings indicated that HOTAIR exerted a crucial role in cytokines expression by activating JAK/STAT and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, JuanCheng People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyan Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Infection, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
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15
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Argemi J, Latasa MU, Atkinson SR, Blokhin IO, Massey V, Gue JP, Cabezas J, Lozano JJ, Van Booven D, Bell A, Cao S, Vernetti LA, Arab JP, Ventura-Cots M, Edmunds LR, Fondevila C, Stärkel P, Dubuquoy L, Louvet A, Odena G, Gomez JL, Aragon T, Altamirano J, Caballeria J, Jurczak MJ, Taylor DL, Berasain C, Wahlestedt C, Monga SP, Morgan MY, Sancho-Bru P, Mathurin P, Furuya S, Lackner C, Rusyn I, Shah VH, Thursz MR, Mann J, Avila MA, Bataller R. Defective HNF4alpha-dependent gene expression as a driver of hepatocellular failure in alcoholic hepatitis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3126. [PMID: 31311938 PMCID: PMC6635373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by profound hepatocellular dysfunction for which targeted treatments are urgently needed. Identification of molecular drivers is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. By performing RNA sequencing in livers from patients with different phenotypes of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), we show that development of AH is characterized by defective activity of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs). TGFβ1 is a key upstream transcriptome regulator in AH and induces the use of HNF4α P2 promoter in hepatocytes, which results in defective metabolic and synthetic functions. Gene polymorphisms in LETFs including HNF4α are not associated with the development of AH. In contrast, epigenetic studies show that AH livers have profound changes in DNA methylation state and chromatin remodeling, affecting HNF4α-dependent gene expression. We conclude that targeting TGFβ1 and epigenetic drivers that modulate HNF4α-dependent gene expression could be beneficial to improve hepatocellular function in patients with AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josepmaria Argemi
- 0000 0001 0650 7433grid.412689.0Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,0000000419370271grid.5924.aLiver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008 Spain
| | - Maria U. Latasa
- 0000000419370271grid.5924.aHepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008 Spain
| | - Stephen R. Atkinson
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ilya O. Blokhin
- 0000 0004 1936 8606grid.26790.3aCenter for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Veronica Massey
- 0000000122483208grid.10698.36Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
| | - Joel P. Gue
- 0000 0001 0650 7433grid.412689.0Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- 0000000122483208grid.10698.36Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA ,0000 0001 0627 4262grid.411325.0Departament of Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, 39008 Spain
| | - Juan J. Lozano
- grid.452371.60000 0004 5930 4607Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029 Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Spain
| | - Derek Van Booven
- 0000 0004 1936 8606grid.26790.3aJohn P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Aaron Bell
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartments of Pathology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Sheng Cao
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Lawrence A. Vernetti
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dUniversity of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Juan P. Arab
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,0000 0001 2157 0406grid.7870.8Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- 0000 0001 0650 7433grid.412689.0Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Lia R. Edmunds
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Metabolic and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- 0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036 Spain
| | - Peter Stärkel
- 0000 0001 2294 713Xgrid.7942.8Service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200 Belgium
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- 0000 0001 2242 6780grid.503422.2Service des Maladies de l’appareil digestif, CHU Lille. Inserm LIRIC - UMR995, University of Lille, Lille, 59000 France
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- 0000 0001 2242 6780grid.503422.2Service des Maladies de l’appareil digestif, CHU Lille. Inserm LIRIC - UMR995, University of Lille, Lille, 59000 France
| | - Gemma Odena
- 0000000122483208grid.10698.36Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
| | - Juan L. Gomez
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartments of Pathology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Tomas Aragon
- 0000000419370271grid.5924.aDepartment of Gene Therapy and Regulation, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008 Spain
| | - Jose Altamirano
- grid.440085.d0000 0004 0615 254XLiver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca. Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Quiron Salud, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
| | - Juan Caballeria
- grid.452371.60000 0004 5930 4607Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029 Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Spain
| | - Michael J. Jurczak
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Metabolic and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dUniversity of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Carmen Berasain
- 0000000419370271grid.5924.aHepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008 Spain ,grid.452371.60000 0004 5930 4607Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- 0000 0004 1936 8606grid.26790.3aCenter for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartments of Pathology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Marsha Y. Morgan
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bUCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- grid.452371.60000 0004 5930 4607Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029 Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Spain
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- 0000 0001 2242 6780grid.503422.2Service des Maladies de l’appareil digestif, CHU Lille. Inserm LIRIC - UMR995, University of Lille, Lille, 59000 France
| | - Shinji Furuya
- 0000 0004 4687 2082grid.264756.4Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - Carolin Lackner
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathology, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- 0000 0004 4687 2082grid.264756.4Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Mark R. Thursz
- 0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- 0000 0001 0462 7212grid.1006.7Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Matias A. Avila
- 0000000419370271grid.5924.aHepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008 Spain ,grid.452371.60000 0004 5930 4607Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
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16
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Identification of Keratin 23 as a Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Host Factor in the Human Liver. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060610. [PMID: 31216713 PMCID: PMC6628310 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin proteins form intermediate filaments, which provide structural support for many tissues. Multiple keratin family members are reported to be associated with the progression of liver disease of multiple etiologies. For example, keratin 23 (KRT23) was reported as a stress-inducible protein, whose expression levels correlate with the severity of liver disease. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a human pathogen that causes chronic liver diseases including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a link between KRT23 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not been reported previously. In this study, we investigated KRT23 mRNA levels in datasets from liver biopsies of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and in primary human hepatocytes experimentally infected with HCV, in addition to hepatoma cells. Interestingly, in each of these specimens, we observed an HCV-dependent increase of mRNA levels. Importantly, the KRT23 protein levels in patient plasma decreased upon viral clearance. Ectopic expression of KRT23 enhanced HCV infection; however, CRIPSPR/Cas9-mediated knockout did not show altered replication efficiency. Taken together, our study identifies KRT23 as a novel, virus-induced host-factor for hepatitis C virus.
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Kong LZ, Chandimali N, Han YH, Lee DH, Kim JS, Kim SU, Kim TD, Jeong DK, Sun HN, Lee DS, Kwon T. Pathogenesis, Early Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112712. [PMID: 31159489 PMCID: PMC6600448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to the damages to the liver and its functions due to alcohol overconsumption. It consists of fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease are extremely complicated due to the involvement of immune cells, adipose tissues, and genetic diversity. Clinically, the diagnosis of ALD is not yet well developed. Therefore, the number of patients in advanced stages has increased due to the failure of proper early detection and treatment. At present, abstinence and nutritional therapy remain the conventional therapeutic interventions for ALD. Moreover, the therapies which target the TNF receptor superfamily, hormones, antioxidant signals, and MicroRNAs are used as treatments for ALD. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining attention as a potential therapeutic target of ALD. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the current understandings of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ALD. Moreover, we also discuss the various existing treatment strategies while focusing on promising therapeutic approaches for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zu Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Korea.
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Korea.
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea.
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Dong Sun Lee
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Korea.
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18
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Overi D, Carpino G, Cardinale V, Franchitto A, Safarikia S, Onori P, Alvaro D, Gaudio E. Contribution of Resident Stem Cells to Liver and Biliary Tree Regeneration in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102917. [PMID: 30257529 PMCID: PMC6213374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct stem/progenitor cell populations of biliary origin have been identified in the adult liver and biliary tree. Hepatic Stem/progenitor Cells (HpSCs) are bipotent progenitor cells located within the canals of Hering and can be differentiated into mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes; Biliary Tree Stem/progenitor Cells (BTSCs) are multipotent stem cells located within the peribiliary glands of large intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and able to differentiate into hepatic and pancreatic lineages. HpSCs and BTSCs are endowed in a specialized niche constituted by supporting cells and extracellular matrix compounds. The actual contribution of these stem cell niches to liver and biliary tree homeostatic regeneration is marginal; this is due to the high replicative capabilities and plasticity of mature parenchymal cells (i.e., hepatocytes and cholangiocytes). However, the study of human liver and biliary diseases disclosed how these stem cell niches are involved in the regenerative response after extensive and/or chronic injuries, with the activation of specific signaling pathways. The present review summarizes the contribution of stem/progenitor cell niches in human liver diseases, underlining mechanisms of activation and clinical implications, including fibrogenesis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Samira Safarikia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 151, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Régnier M, Polizzi A, Lippi Y, Fouché E, Michel G, Lukowicz C, Smati S, Marrot A, Lasserre F, Naylies C, Batut A, Viars F, Bertrand-Michel J, Postic C, Loiseau N, Wahli W, Guillou H, Montagner A. Insights into the role of hepatocyte PPARα activity in response to fasting. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:75-88. [PMID: 28774777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Hepatocytes are highly sensitive to nutrients and hormones that drive extensive transcriptional responses. Nuclear hormone receptors are key transcription factors involved in this process. Among these factors, PPARα is a critical regulator of hepatic lipid catabolism during fasting. This study aimed to analyse the wide array of hepatic PPARα-dependent transcriptional responses during fasting. We compared gene expression in male mice with a hepatocyte specific deletion of PPARα and their wild-type littermates in the fed (ad libitum) and 24-h fasted states. Liver samples were acquired, and transcriptome and lipidome analyses were performed. Our data extended and confirmed the critical role of hepatocyte PPARα as a central for regulator of gene expression during starvation. Interestingly, we identified novel PPARα-sensitive genes, including Cxcl-10, Rab30, and Krt23. We also found that liver phospholipid remodelling was a novel fasting-sensitive pathway regulated by PPARα. These results may contribute to investigations on transcriptional control in hepatic physiology and underscore the clinical relevance of drugs that target PPARα in liver pathologies, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Régnier
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraldine Michel
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Lukowicz
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France; Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Marrot
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Batut
- Metatoul-Lipidomic Facility, MetaboHUB, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Viars
- Metatoul-Lipidomic Facility, MetaboHUB, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Metatoul-Lipidomic Facility, MetaboHUB, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331 ToxAlim, Toulouse, France; Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.
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20
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Corticosteroids, nutrition, pentoxifylline, or fecal microbiota transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018; 37:215-225. [PMID: 29931479 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-018-0859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol-induced intestinal dysbiosis is central to the development of the severe alcoholic liver disease. We present the first study to compare outcomes in patients of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) on nutritional therapy, corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, and healthy donor fecal transplantation (FMT) and discuss distinct microbial community and microbiome metabolic functional changes after FMT. METHODS Out of 1271 liver disease patients, 809 (63.7%) were diagnosed to have the alcoholic liver disease, of which 51 patients (8 treated with corticosteroids, 17 with nutritional support only, 10 with pentoxifylline, 16 receiving FMT) were included. Clinical, biochemical parameters, liver disease, and alcoholic hepatitis severity scores at baseline and mortality at the end of 1 and 3 months were analyzed between groups. Stool microbiota (SM) analysis was performed for healthy controls (HC) and respective recipients after FMT. RESULTS All the patients were male. The proportions of patients surviving at the end of 1 and 3 months in the steroids, nutrition, pentoxifylline, and FMT group were 63%, 47%, 40% and 75% [p = 0.179] and 38%, 29%, 30%, and 75% [p = 0.036], respectively. When compared with FMT, relative risk and hazard ratios for death were higher in all the other groups. Following FMT, distinct and beneficial modulation of SM and pathways of dysregulated metabolism, infections, inflammation, and oxidative stress in SAH patients were noted in tandem with improved clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Healthy donor FMT for SAH improves survival beyond what is offered by current therapies and can function as a cost-effective bridge to liver transplant (LT) or for improving transplant-free survival. Larger studies and randomized trials are unmet needs.
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21
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Khanova E, Wu R, Wang W, Yan R, Chen Y, French SW, Llorente C, Pan SQ, Yang Q, Li Y, Lazaro R, Ansong C, Smith RD, Bataller R, Morgan T, Schnabl B, Tsukamoto H. Pyroptosis by caspase11/4-gasdermin-D pathway in alcoholic hepatitis in mice and patients. Hepatology 2018; 67:1737-1753. [PMID: 29108122 PMCID: PMC5906140 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) continues to be a disease with high mortality and no efficacious medical treatment. Although severe AH is presented as acute on chronic liver failure, what underlies this transition from chronic alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) to AH is largely unknown. To address this question, unbiased RNA sequencing and proteomic analyses were performed on livers of the recently developed AH mouse model, which exhibits the shift to AH from chronic ASH upon weekly alcohol binge, and these results are compared to gene expression profiling data from AH patients. This cross-analysis has identified Casp11 (CASP4 in humans) as a commonly up-regulated gene known to be involved in the noncanonical inflammasome pathway. Immunoblotting confirms CASP11/4 activation in AH mice and patients, but not in chronic ASH mice and healthy human livers. Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), which induces pyroptosis (lytic cell death caused by bacterial infection) downstream of CASP11/4 activation, is also activated in AH livers in mice and patients. CASP11 deficiency reduces GSDMD activation, bacterial load in the liver, and severity of AH in the mouse model. Conversely, the deficiency of interleukin-18, the key antimicrobial cytokine, aggravates hepatic bacterial load, GSDMD activation, and AH. Furthermore, hepatocyte-specific expression of constitutively active GSDMD worsens hepatocellular lytic death and polymorphonuclear leukocyte inflammation. CONCLUSION These results implicate pyroptosis induced by the CASP11/4-GSDMD pathway in the pathogenesis of AH. (Hepatology 2018;67:1737-1753).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Khanova
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raymond Wu
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wen Wang
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rui Yan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Bioinformatics Service, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Q. Pan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qihong Yang
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuchang Li
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raul Lazaro
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | | | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy Morgan
- Gastroenterology Services, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Yao YL, Han X, Song J, Zhang J, Li YM, Lian LH, Wu YL, Nan JX. Acanthoic acid protectsagainst ethanol-induced liver injury: Possible role of AMPK activation and IRAK4 inhibition. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Magdaleno F, Blajszczak CC, Nieto N. Key Events Participating in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010009. [PMID: 28134813 PMCID: PMC5372721 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It ranges from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The most prevalent forms of ALD are alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and alcoholic cirrhosis, which frequently progress as people continue drinking. ALD refers to a number of symptoms/deficits that contribute to liver injury. These include steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, which, when taken together, sequentially or simultaneously lead to significant disease progression. The pathogenesis of ALD, influenced by host and environmental factors, is currently only partially understood. To date, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation from the gut to the portal blood, aging, gender, increased infiltration and activation of neutrophils and bone marrow-derived macrophages along with alcohol plus iron metabolism, with its associated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), are all key events contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD. This review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of alcohol-mediated liver damage and the mechanisms driving injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Chuck C Blajszczak
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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